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winter_n season_n will_v force_v the_o besieger_n to_o remove_v or_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o place_n will_v be_v attempt_v by_o he_o to_o who_o it_o belong_v but_o we_o have_v see_v in_o our_o own_o time_n the_o contrary_a of_o both_o though_o we_o have_v never_o hear_v of_o the_o siege_n of_o troy_n other_o speak_v of_o three_o year_n provision_n and_o this_o do_v well_o but_o the_o governor_n when_o he_o be_v not_o besiege_v shall_v every_o year_n lie_v in_o one_o year_n fresh_a provision_n cause_v the_o soldier_n to_o eat_v and_o pay_v for_o that_o which_o be_v old_a i_o believe_v none_o will_v deny_v but_o a_o garrison_n shall_v be_v provide_v with_o meat_n and_o drink_n for_o one_o whole_a year_n at_o least_o and_o no_o soon_o shall_v a_o provident_a governor_n foresee_v or_o apprehend_v a_o siege_n whereof_o he_o may_v have_v many_o ground_n for_o a_o probable_a conjecture_n but_o he_o shall_v command_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o provide_v themselves_o of_o a_o â—â—â—â—_o 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first_o i_o write_v it_o next_o very_o few_o can_v importune_v i_o to_o publish_v it_o since_o very_o few_o do_v know_v i_o have_v write_v it_o nor_o do_v i_o indeed_o make_v it_o public_a to_o disabuse_v some_o gay_a man_n by_o let_v they_o see_v they_o know_v no_o more_o than_o their_o neighbour_n and_o yet_o the_o do_v so_o have_v be_v charity_n if_o my_o offer_n have_v be_v receive_v as_o kind_o as_o i_o intend_v it_o the_o consideration_n that_o induce_v i_o to_o it_o be_v in_o short_a this_o when_o i_o have_v end_v all_o i_o have_v resolve_v to_o say_v of_o the_o grecian_a and_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n and_o dare_v not_o hazard_v on_o the_o vast_a ocean_n of_o the_o modern_a art_n i_o be_v encourage_v to_o proceed_v to_o that_o and_o to_o bring_v all_o i_o intend_v to_o as_o great_a perfection_n as_o i_o can_v by_o a_o great_a master_n and_o good_a judge_n in_o those_o affair_n and_o when_o i_o have_v do_v so_o that_o noble_a person_n after_o my_o concealment_n of_o it_o some_o year_n desire_v to_o peruse_v it_o and_o as_o he_o have_v persuade_v i_o to_o finish_v so_o he_o prevail_v with_o i_o to_o publish_v these_o essay_n but_o be_v please_v to_o know_v he_o be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o his_o majesty_n have_v make_v choice_n of_o in_o the_o year_n 1666._o to_o command_v his_o scottish_a army_n towards_o the_o end_n whereof_o he_o rout_v the_o rebel_n at_o pentland_n the_o very_a same_o person_n be_v again_o entrust_v by_o his_o majesty_n with_o the_o conduct_n of_o his_o force_n in_o the_o year_n 1679._o and_o continue_v still_o in_o that_o command_n and_o be_v well_o enough_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o general_n dalyell_n but_o i_o be_o afraid_a you_o may_v ask_v i_o what_o move_v i_o to_o begin_v to_o write_v these_o discourse_n but_o for_o that_o if_o i_o be_v put_v to_o the_o rack_n till_o i_o give_v you_o my_o reason_n i_o can_v give_v no_o other_o than_o this_o that_o be_v out_o of_o employment_n and_o not_o accustom_a to_o a_o idle_a life_n i_o know_v not_o how_o to_o pass_v away_o my_o solitary_a and_o retire_a hour_n with_o a_o more_o harmless_a divertisement_n the_o content_n of_o the_o book_n book_n i._n military_a essay_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o grecian_a art_n of_o war_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o ancient_a militia_n in_o general_n page_n 1_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o army_n and_o order_n of_o war_n of_o the_o ancient_n 4_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o election_n levy_n and_o arm_n offensive_a and_o defensive_a of_o the_o grecian_n 7_o chap._n iv_o of_o the_o great_a englines_n and_o machine_n of_o the_o train_n and_o exercise_v of_o the_o grecian_n 9_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o grecian_a infantry_n 12_o chap._n vi_o aelian_n marshal_n the_o grecian_a infantry_n examine_v 14_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o grecian_a cavalry_n and_o some_o observation_n of_o it_o 19_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o great_a macedonian_a phalanx_n of_o its_o number_n and_o how_o marshal_v with_o some_o observation_n of_o both_o 23_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o grecian_a march_n baggage_n encamp_v guard_n and_o of_o their_o paean_n 26_o chap._n x._o one_o of_o our_o modern_a army_n compare_v with_o the_o great_a macedonian_a phalanx_n 28_o book_n ii_o military_a essay_n of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a art_n of_o war_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a government_n and_o militia_n in_o general_n p._n 33_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o military_a election_n and_o levy_n of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n 40_o chap._n iii_o of_o their_o arm_n offensive_a and_o defensive_a and_o of_o their_o military_a oath_n 42_o chap._n iv_o of_o sieges_n and_o defence_n of_o town_n and_o fort_n of_o the_o great_a engine_n and_o machine_n use_v in_o they_o by_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o ancient_n 49_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o military_a exercise_n duty_n burden_n march_n and_o work_v of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n 57_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o roman_a infantry_n of_o all_o its_o several_a body_n and_o their-officer_n 61_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o roman_a cavalry_n and_o all_o its_o officer_n 74_o chap._n viii_o of_o their_o trumpeter_n hornwinder_n and_o of_o the_o classicum_fw-la 79_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o roman_a pay_n proviant_a and_o of_o their_o donative_n 81_o chap._n x._o of_o a_o roman_a legion_n marshal_v according_a to_o titus_n livius_n with_o lipsius_n his_o amendment_n 84_o chap._n xi_o of_o a_o roman_a legion_n marshal_v according_a to_o flavius_n vegetius_n 87_o chap._n xii_o vegetius_n his_o legion_n review_v and_o examine_v 89_o chap._n xiii_o of_o a_o roman_a legion_n marshal_v according_a to_o polybius_n 95_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o distance_n and_o interval_n between_o the_o several_a body_n and_o batallion_n of_o the_o roman_a horse_n and_o foot_n 96_o chap._n xv._o of_o the_o roman_a ally_n and_o auxiliary_n and_o of_o the_o mistake_v of_o some_o author_n concern_v they_o 102_o chap._n xvi_o of_o a_o roman_a consular_a army_n and_o of_o some_o mistake_n concern_v it_o 105_o chap._n xvii_o of_o a_o consular_a army_n marshal_v in_o the_o field_n and_o of_o some_o general_a officer_n belong_v to_o it_o 108_o chap._n xviii_o of_o several_a figure_n of_o army_n use_v by_o the_o ancient_n in_o their_o battle_n 112_o chap._n xix_o of_o some_o custom_n use_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o ancient_a nation_n before_o in_o the_o time_n of_o and_o after_o their_o battle_n 115_o chap._n xx._n of_o the_o march_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n 118_o chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o quarter_a encamp_a and_o castrametation_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n 121_o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o roman_a guard_n watch_n watchword_n and_o round_n 133_o chap._n xxiii_o of_o prisoner_n of_o war_n treaty_n parley_n and_o article_n among_o the_o ancient_n 136_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o military_a punishment_n and_o reward_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o ancient_a nation_n 145_o chap._n xxv_o polybius_n his_o comparison_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n and_o the_o roman_a legion_n review_v 150_o book_n iii_o military_a essay_n of_o the_o modern_a art_n of_o war_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o modern_a militia_n in_o general_n p._n 157_o chap._n ii_o of_o levy_n the_o manner_n of_o several_a nation_n in_o make_v they_o of_o the_o duty_n of_o soldier_n when_o they_o be_v levy_v of_o their_o age_n and_o how_o long_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o serve_v 163_o chap._n iii_o of_o armour_n or_o defensive_a arm_n use_v by_o several_a nation_n both_o for_o their_o cavalry_n and_o infantry_n 168_o chap._n iv_o of_o offensive_a arm_n or_o weapon_n use_v by_o the_o infantry_n of_o several_a nation_n 171_o chap._n v._o of_o offenffve_n arm_n or_o weapon_n use_v by_o the_o cavalry_n of_o several_a nation_n 173_o chap._n vi_o master_n lupton_n book_n
against_o the_o use_n of_o the_o pike_n dedicate_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o essex_n examine_v 178_o chap._n vii_o of_o gunpowder_n artillery_n its_o general_n and_z train_z 187_o chap._n viii_o of_o muster_n and_o muster-master_n of_o pay_n proviant_a and_o service_n of_o treasurer_n commissary_n and_o proviant-master_n and_o of_o the_o military_a oath_n 197_o chap._n ix_o of_o military_a law_n and_o article_n of_o court_n of_o war_n of_o the_o judge_n marshal_n and_o of_o the_o provost_z marshal_z general_z 203_o chap._n x._o of_o exercise_v drilling_n and_o training_n the_o several_a body_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o infantry_n 209_o chap._n xi_o of_o company_n regiment_n and_o brigade_n of_o foot_n what_o they_o have_v be_v what_o they_o be_v how_o they_o be_v marshal_v of_o all_o their_o officer_n their_o duty_n and_o qualification_n 213_o chap._n xii_o of_o troop_n and_o regiment_n of_o horse_n of_o their_o officer_n and_o of_o dragoon_n 231_o a_o appendix_n to_o this_o twelve_o chapter_n 239_o chap._n xiii_o of_o feltmarshals_a lieutenant_n feltmarshals_a lieutenant_n general_n general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o infantry_n major_a general_n and_o adjutant_n general_n 247_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o a_o captain_n general_n or_o generalissimo_n 251_o chap._n xv._o of_o intelligence_n spys_n and_o of_o a_o general_n scout-master_n 260_o chap._n xvi_o embattel_v by_o the_o square_a root_n examine_v and_o reject_v 266_o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o modern_a way_n of_o embattel_v and_o marshal_v army_n 269_o chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o woman_n and_o baggage_n belong_v to_o a_o army_n of_o the_o general_n waggonmaster_n and_o his_o duty_n 274_o chap._n xix_o of_o the_o march_n of_o a_o army_n 278_o chap._n xx._n of_o quarter_a encamp_a and_o modern_a castrametation_n of_o the_o quartermaster_n general_n and_o of_o the_o quartermaster_n of_o the_o general_n staff_n 284_o chap._n xxi_o of_o guard_n watch_n sentinel_n parade_n round_n and_o patrovil_n 295_o chap._n xxii_o of_o thing_n previous_a to_o a_o battle_n of_o a_o battle_n itself_o and_o thing_n after_o a_o battle_n 303_o chap._n xxiii_o of_o retreat_n 308_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o several_a way_n to_o take_v fortify_v place_n particular_o of_o sieges_n trenches_n approach_n redout_n batteries_n zap_n gallery_n mine_n storm_n and_o assault_n 313_o chap._n xxv_o of_o the_o defence_n of_o fortify_v place_n against_o all_o manner_n of_o expugnation_n of_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o fort_n of_o governor_n of_o his_o duty_n and_o qualification_n 323_o chap._n xxvi_o of_o prisoner_n parley_n treaty_n and_o article_n in_o our_o modern_a war_n 335_o chap._n xxvii_o of_o our_o modern_a military_a punishment_n and_o reward_n 347_o chap._n xxviii_o the_o comparison_n make_v by_o justus_n lipsius_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a militia_n examine_v 353_o chap._n xxix_o whether_o the_o profession_n of_o soldiery_n be_v lawful_a 362_o errata_fw-la pag._n 27._o l._n 24._o and_o in_o other_o place_n r._n goujat_n p._n 56._o l._n 17._o r._n absueid_v p._n 77._o l._n 5._o r._n fight_v p._n 85._o l._n ult_n r._n maniple_n p._n 103._o l._n 27._o r._n cense_v p._n 104._o l._n 19_o r._n who_o trust_v not_o p._n 110._o l._n 29._o â—r_n officer_n p._n 124._o l._n 53._o r._n 1000_o foot_n broad_a ib._n l._n 60_o r._n 100_o foot_n p._n 125_o l._n 11._o r._n 1000_o in_o breadth_n p._n 162._o l._n ult_n r._n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr gaya_n p._n 173._o l._n 26._o r._n patroun_n ib._n l._n 34._o r._n dunder_n p._n 192._o l._n 21._o for_o charge_n r._n pierce_v p._n 194._o l._n 59_o r._n felizeug-meist_a p._n 196._o l._n 43._o for_o time_n r._n hour_n p._n 197._o l._n 29._o r._n tâ—n_o pasvolants_n p._n 199._o l._n 50._o r._n royelet_n p._n 206._o l._n 46._o r._n lâ—se_n majeste_n pallas_n armata_n military_a essay_n on_o the_o ancient_a and_o grecian_a art_n of_o war_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o ancient_a militia_n in_o general_n peace_n be_v the_o choice_a of_o all_o earthly_a blessing_n one_o peace_n be_v better_a than_o innumerable_a triumph_n it_o be_v that_o blessing_n â—â—ich_a carry_v all_o other_o external_a oneâ—_n in_o its_o bosom_n without_o it_o no_o man_n can_v say_v he_o either_o enjoy_v himself_o or_o any_o thing_n he_o may_v call_v his_o own_o the_o terrible_a ware_n which_o our_o passion_n raise_v within_o our_o breast_n against_o our_o reason_n make_v we_o cry_v to_o heaven_n for_o that_o inward_a peace_n whereof_o neither_o man_n nor_o devil_n can_v bereave_v we_o even_o so_o those_o people_n among_o who_o blessing_n peace_n a_o choice_a blessing_n the_o seat_n of_o war_n be_v send_v up_o their_o frequent_a petition_n to_o the_o god_n of_o peace_n to_o remove_v that_o dreadful_a scourge_n from_o they_o but_o the_o pity_n be_v when_o their_o prayer_n be_v hear_v and_o that_o they_o have_v obtain_v the_o so_o much_o desire_v and_o long_v for_o peace_n few_o or_o none_o of_o they_o study_n to_o preserve_v so_o inestimable_a a_o jewel_n many_o nation_n have_v and_o do_v this_o day_n enjoy_v a_o quiet_a peace_n but_o seldom_o or_o never_o have_v the_o whole_a habitable_a world_n a_o general_a cessation_n of_o arm_n but_o when_o augustus_n shut_v the_o temple_n of_o janus_n and_o it_o be_v fit_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v so_o then_o when_o the_o prince_n of_o peace_n be_v to_o descend_v from_o the_o mansion_n of_o peace_n to_o enter_v the_o womb_n of_o the_o immaculate_a virgin_n but_o it_o be_v not_o my_o work_n to_o descant_v of_o peace_n the_o eulogy_n whereof_o have_v be_v loud_o enough_o proclaim_v many_o age_n ago_o if_o peace_n be_v so_o great_a a_o blessing_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o war_n must_v be_v a_o very_a heavy_a curse_n and_o so_o no_o doubt_n it_o be_v it_o carry_v all_o evil_n and_o all_o plague_n in_o the_o belly_n of_o it_o it_o extirpate_v family_n destroy_v nation_n and_o drain_v province_n of_o both_o man_n and_o money_n it_o break_v up_o and_o dissolve_v humane_a society_n and_o curse_n war_n a_o horrible_a curse_n it_o trample_v on_o all_o law_n both_o divine_a and_o humane_a except_o that_o of_o the_o long_a sword_n or_o it_o make_v they_o run_v all_o after_o it_o like_o lackey_n i_o believe_v if_o the_o prophet_n gad_n have_v speak_v nothing_o of_o pestilence_n but_o give_v david_n his_o choice_n of_o war_n or_o famine_n the_o psalmist_n have_v undoubted_o choose_v the_o last_o as_o the_o less_o plague_n for_o though_o all_o the_o three_o be_v from_o god_n for_o there_o be_v no_o evil_a in_o the_o city_n which_o be_v not_o from_o the_o lord_n yet_o war_n be_v but_o mediate_o from_o god_n and_o immediate_o from_o man_n and_o the_o king_n of_o israel_n choose_v rather_o to_o fall_v into_o god_n hand_n then_o mans._n beside_o both_o pestilence_n and_o famine_n have_v be_v and_o undoubted_o will_v be_v in_o the_o world_n without_o war_n but_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a that_o war_n can_v be_v of_o any_o continuance_n in_o a_o land_n but_o it_o will_v draw_v after_o it_o both_o pestilence_n and_o famine_n as_o its_o inseparable_a concomitant_n yet_o war._n companion_n of_o war._n this_o dreadful_a and_o devour_a plague_n of_o war_n be_v not_o only_o permit_v but_o command_v by_o the_o almighty_a to_o dwell_v among_o the_o son_n of_o men._n god_n own_o choose_a people_n be_v by_o his_o own_o appointment_n afflict_v by_o it_o and_o do_v also_o by_o that_o same_o authority_n afflict_v other_o with_o it_o enmity_n and_o feud_n have_v its_o beginning_n in_o the_o world_n soon_o after_o its_o creation_n not_o only_o between_o the_o seed_n of_o the_o woman_n and_o the_o serpent_n but_o between_o man_n and_o man_n yea_o brother_n and_o brother_n cain_n and_o abel_n neither_o do_v it_o war._n private_a war._n matter_n much_o with_o what_o weapon_n the_o one_o kill_v the_o other_o since_o experience_n teach_v we_o that_o man_n can_v be_v send_v to_o his_o grave_n a_o thousand_o way_n without_o the_o help_n of_o a_o sword_n this_o be_v a_o private_a war_n which_o still_o continue_v and_o will_v lâ—st_o till_o time_n be_v no_o more_o between_o man_n and_o man_n and_o sometime_o family_n and_o family_n a_o public_a war_n be_v twofold_a a_o foreign_a and_o a_o civil_a war._n war_n public_a war_n the_o foreign_a be_v of_o one_o or_o more_o nation_n against_o one_o or_o more_o nation_n if_o undertake_v to_o increase_v dominion_n conquer_v or_o enslave_v other_o or_o yet_o to_o hinder_v the_o growth_n of_o a_o neighbour_n potentate_n it_o be_v unjust_a of_o the_o justify_n cause_n of_o a_o foreign_a war_n author_n be_v to_o be_v consult_v that_o write_v purposely_o on_o war_n foreign_a war_n that_o subject_n particular_o hugo_n grotius_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n &_o pacis_fw-la let_v it_o be_v enough_o to_o say_v in_o this_o place_n with_o augustin_n that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n of_o a_o just_a war_n just_a when_o just_a but_o a_o
injury_n do_v whether_o it_o be_v to_o prince_n subject_n or_o ambassador_n and_o that_o no_o satisfaction_n after_o it_o be_v require_v can_v be_v get_v and_o indeed_o this_o war_n shall_v be_v formal_o denounce_v otherwise_o it_o derogate_v from_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o cause_n this_o to_o i_o seem_v clear_a from_o the_o definition_n the_o civilian_n give_v of_o a_o enemy_n host_n say_v they_o sunt_fw-la qui_fw-la nobis_fw-la aut_fw-la quibus_fw-la nos_fw-la bellum_fw-la decernimus_fw-la caeteri_fw-la belli_n indictio_fw-la belli_n latrones_fw-la aut_fw-la praedones_fw-la sunt_fw-la those_o be_v enemy_n who_o either_o have_v denounce_v the_o war_n against_o we_o or_o we_o against_o they_o other_o be_v thief_n or_o robber_n and_o cicero_n in_o his_o office_n nullum_fw-la bellum_fw-la est_fw-la justum_fw-la nisi_fw-la quod_fw-la aâ—t_fw-la rebus_fw-la repetitis_fw-la geratur_fw-la aut_fw-la denunciatum_fw-la ante_fw-la sit_fw-la &_o indictum_fw-la no_o war_n be_v just_a but_o what_o be_v make_v for_o restitution_n or_o denounce_v or_o indict_v before_o neither_o will_v the_o war_n that_o joshua_n make_v against_o the_o seven_o nation_n of_o the_o canaanite_n impugn_v what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o the_o just_a cause_n of_o a_o war_n for_o though_o these_o nation_n have_v perhaps_o do_v no_o wrong_n to_o the_o israelite_n yet_o joshua_n have_v a_o particular_a warrant_n from_o god_n for_o what_o he_o war_n joshua_n his_o war_n do_v which_o few_o or_o none_o but_o he_o can_v pretend_v to_o it_o be_v true_a neither_o he_o nor_o moses_n be_v command_v to_o fight_v with_o the_o amalekite_n yet_o the_o lord_n approve_v of_o it_o afterward_o the_o grecian_n denounce_v their_o war_n by_o a_o caducâ—us_a the_o roman_n by_o their_o feciale_n who_o custom_n be_v to_o stand_v on_o the_o roman_a territory_n and_o throw_v a_o spear_n or_o javelin_n against_o the_o land_n of_o those_o who_o they_o declare_v enemy_n in_o these_o late_a time_n beside_o the_o denunciation_n of_o the_o war_n a_o declaration_n ordinary_o call_v a_o manifesto_n be_v emit_v by_o the_o aggressor_n whereby_o he_o either_o do_v make_v the_o justice_n of_o his_o war_n appear_v to_o the_o world_n or_o at_o least_o endeavour_n it_o and_o though_o the_o person_n of_o ambassador_n be_v wrong_v and_o violate_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n yet_o the_o war_n shall_v be_v denounce_v by_o a_o letter_n or_o some_o such_o way_n say_v grotius_n yet_o we_o read_v not_o that_o david_n use_v any_o such_o previous_a civility_n to_o hanun_n king_n of_o ammon_n after_o he_o have_v affront_v his_o ambassador_n a_o civil_a war_n may_v be_v likewise_o twofold_a the_o one_o sort_n be_v of_o the_o great_a man_n of_o twofold_a civil_a war_n twofold_a a_o free_a state_n one_o against_o another_o as_o that_o of_o sylla_n against_o marius_n father_n and_o son_n and_o caesar_n against_o pompey_n father_n and_o son_n among_o the_o roman_n or_o in_o a_o monarchy_n of_o those_o who_o be_v competitor_n for_o the_o crown_n as_o the_o war_n be_v between_o the_o house_n of_o york_n and_o lancaster_n the_o other_o be_v of_o subject_n against_o their_o sovereign_n which_o can_v never_o be_v lawful_a let_v the_o pretext_n be_v never_o so_o specious_a i_o mean_v on_o the_o subject_n part_n for_o i_o make_v no_o doubt_n but_o a_o sovereign_n whether_o prince_n or_o state_n not_o only_o may_v but_o aught_o by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n to_o reduce_v their_o rebellious_a subject_n to_o their_o duty_n when_o by_o no_o other_o mean_n they_o can_v prevail_v with_o they_o both_o these_o kind_n of_o intestine_a war_n be_v call_v civil_a because_o they_o be_v inter_fw-la cives_fw-la unius_fw-la reipublicâ—_n among_o the_o citizen_n of_o one_o commonwealth_n it_o be_v the_o worst_a of_o all_o war_n and_o that_o wherein_o there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o least_o shadow_n of_o civility_n this_o war_n arm_n brother_n against_o brother_n for_o which_o we_o need_v not_o search_v history_n for_o example_n in_o this_o war_n the_o son_n think_v he_o do_v a_o meritorious_a work_n if_o he_o betray_v his_o own_o father_n and_o the_o father_n conceive_v he_o supererogates_a if_o he_o sheath_n his_o sword_n in_o his_o son_n bowel_n because_o say_v he_o he_o do_v not_o rise_v to_o fight_v the_o lord_n battle_n even_o war_n it_o be_v the_o worst_a of_o war_n perhaps_o against_o the_o lord_n anoint_v for_o this_o war_n extinguish_v all_o natural_a affection_n among_o the_o near_a in_o blood_n this_o sort_n of_o war_n send_v cobbler_n and_o other_o mechanic_n to_o the_o pulpit_n to_o torture_v their_o audience_n with_o nonsense_n this_o convert_v soldier_n into_o preacher_n who_o by_o virtue_n of_o their_o double_a calling_n belch_v out_o blasphemy_n against_o the_o great_a god_n of_o heaven_n and_o rebellious_a and_o opprobrious_a speech_n against_o his_o vicegerent_n on_o earth_n and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n this_o war_n metamorphose_v preacher_n into_o soldier_n and_o tell_v they_o that_o a_o corslet_n become_v they_o better_o than_o a_o canonical_a coat_n and_o a_o broad_a sword_n better_o than_o a_o long_a gown_n it_o whisper_v they_o in_o the_o ear_n that_o christ_n will_v not_o have_v bid_v those_o of_o his_o disciple_n who_o have_v two_o coat_n sell_v one_o of_o they_o and_o buy_v a_o sword_n if_o he_o have_v not_o intend_v to_o leave_v war_n as_o a_o legacy_n to_o his_o follower_n as_o well_o as_o peace_n it_o tell_v they_o they_o ought_v in_o their_o sermon_n to_o summon_v subject_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o eternal_a damnation_n to_o rise_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o sovereign_a power_n because_o they_o be_v bid_v curse_v meroz_n who_o will_v not_o come_v out_o to_o help_v the_o lord_n against_o the_o mighty_a yet_o very_a few_o of_o they_o can_v tell_v you_o whether_o meroz_n be_v a_o prince_n a_o city_n or_o a_o country_n but_o i_o dwell_v too_o long_o here_o not_o long_o after_o the_o flood_n we_o find_v numerous_a army_n raise_v by_o nimrod_n and_o his_o ambitious_a successor_n to_o subject_v other_o of_o noah_n race_n to_o their_o lawless_a dominion_n and_o indeed_o if_o the_o story_n of_o these_o very_a ancient_a time_n be_v true_a as_o they_o be_v very_o much_o to_o be_v doubt_v we_o read_v not_o of_o so_o great_a army_n except_o some_o in_o holy_a writ_n as_o those_o which_o ninus_n and_o the_o famous_a semiramis_n and_o the_o king_n of_o india_n who_o she_o invade_v bring_v together_o it_o be_v pity_n we_o shall_v not_o know_v how_o they_o be_v arm_v and_o in_o what_o order_n they_o fight_v i_o suppose_v there_o be_v war_n in_o the_o world_n before_o there_o be_v any_o to_o record_v they_o the_o egyptian_n write_v in_o hieroglyphic_n and_o therefore_o i_o believe_v next_o to_o moses_n we_o be_v oblige_v to_o the_o grecian_n for_o give_v we_o a_o glimpse_n of_o antiquity_n and_o true_o even_o they_o write_v the_o occasion_n the_o cause_n the_o beginning_n the_o progress_n and_o issue_n of_o war_n so_o confuse_o and_o fabulous_o that_o we_o can_v fabulous_a ancient_a history_n fabulous_a build_v but_o little_a on_o their_o relation_n till_o themselves_o become_v renown_v by_o the_o stout_a resistance_n they_o make_v against_o the_o persian_a monarchy_n and_o yet_o even_o then_o they_o give_v we_o but_o little_a light_n how_o other_o nation_n beside_o themselves_o manage_v the_o war_n what_o art_n or_o order_n they_o use_v in_o their_o battle_n or_o how_o their_o combatant_n be_v arm_v the_o sacred_a story_n mention_n no_o battle_n fight_v after_o the_o flood_n or_o before_o it_o till_o that_o of_o chaderlaomer_n and_o other_o three_o king_n against_o the_o five_o king_n of_o the_o plain_a but_o we_o may_v presume_v there_o be_v many_o bloody_a bicker_n before_o that_o when_o nimrod_n belus_n ninus_n and_o semiramis_n if_o ninus_n be_v not_o amraphel_n one_o of_o the_o four_o king_n whereof_o i_o much_o doubt_n impose_v the_o yoke_n of_o slavery_n on_o so_o many_o nation_n in_o this_o battle_n 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think_v castrametation_n a_o subject_a pertinent_a to_o his_o castrametation_fw-fr castrametation_fw-fr treatise_n for_o he_o speak_v nothing_o of_o it_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v a_o very_a considerable_a part_n of_o the_o art_n of_o war._n i_o find_v the_o grecian_n do_v not_o put_v their_o soldier_n to_o so_o much_o fatigue_n as_o to_o fortify_v their_o camp_n every_o night_n as_o the_o roman_n do_v they_o choose_v their_o castrametation_n to_o be_v in_o place_n of_o advantage_n on_o height_n hill_n or_o rise_v ground_n or_o where_o they_o may_v have_v a_o river_n or_o water_n as_o their_o back_n or_o one_o of_o their_o flank_n and_o if_o they_o have_v these_o or_o any_o of_o these_o they_o use_v to_o cast_v up_o but_o a_o slight_a retrenchment_n unless_o they_o be_v to_o encamp_v some_o long_a time_n sometime_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o grecian_a camp_n be_v oval_a sometime_o equilateral_a square_n sometime_o oblong_o and_o i_o have_v read_v that_o lycurgus_n appoint_v his_o spartan_a 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they_o mention_v by_o aeneas_n in_o those_o fragment_n of_o he_o which_o all-devouring_a time_n have_v leave_v we_o and_o those_o be_v but_o few_o before_o the_o grecian_n begin_v their_o battle_n they_o sing_v their_o paean_n which_o be_v apollo_n paean_n a_o hymn_n to_o apollo_n a_o hymn_n to_o apollo_n after_o which_o they_o have_v their_o shout_n or_o cry_v which_o the_o roman_n with_o a_o barbarous_a word_n call_v baritus_n if_o they_o gain_v the_o victory_n they_o sing_v another_o paean_n or_o hymn_n to_o that_o same_o deity_n then_o they_o loud_o cry_v to_o the_o god_n mars_n alala_n alala_n double_v and_o re-doubling_a that_o word_n mars_n alalâ—â—_n â—_z cry_v to_o mars_n very_o often_o neither_o be_v this_o custom_n peculiar_a to_o the_o greek_n for_o we_o read_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o the_o seven_o book_n of_o xenophon_n that_o cyrus_n the_o persian_a use_v the_o very_a same_o thing_n when_o he_o fight_v that_o great_a battle_n with_o croesus_n wherein_o he_o be_v 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and_o of_o his_o whole_a batallion_n charge_v those_o who_o be_v appoint_v to_o guard_v the_o baggage_n and_o in_o spite_n of_o the_o king_n then_o in_o his_o great_a strength_n carry_v a_o rich_a and_o considerable_a affront_n and_o receive_v a_o affront_n booty_n into_o theonville_n a_o imperial_a garrison_n not_o far_o from_o the_o place_n nor_o be_v this_o affront_n do_v so_o public_o to_o so_o powerful_a a_o army_n at_o all_o revenge_v only_o some_o light_a horse_n be_v send_v before_o the_o town_n to_o vapour_n and_o brave_a the_o imperialist_n who_o fail_v not_o to_o sally_v out_o and_z skirmish_z with_o the_o french_a from_o which_o bicker_a neither_o party_n carry_v away_o any_o thing_n but_o blow_n and_o at_o length_n henry_n great_a preparation_n come_v to_o nothing_o for_o the_o two_o german_a prince_n have_v not_o without_o some_o stain_n to_o their_o honour_n make_v their_o peace_n with_o the_o emperor_n without_o the_o french_a king_n privity_n he_o be_v glad_a to_o return_v and_o defend_v his_o own_o territory_n against_o charles_n who_o be_v horrible_o incense_v against_o he_o for_o offer_v to_o assist_v his_o rebel_n for_o so_o he_o call_v those_o elector_n against_o his_o lawful_a authority_n as_o this_o french_a army_n which_o i_o think_v so_o much_o represent_v the_o phalange_n conclusion_n conclusion_n vanish_v so_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n itself_o on_o which_o aelian_a bestow_v the_o title_n and_o epithet_n of_o invincible_a inexpugnable_a and_o irresistible_a after_o it_o have_v in_o philip_n and_o his_o son_n alexander_n time_n give_v the_o law_n to_o the_o eastern_a world_n and_o after_o their_o death_n have_v be_v keep_v up_o by_o alexander_n successor_n and_o great_a captain_n the_o space_n of_o one_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o year_n yield_v to_o fate_n and_o be_v bring_v to_o nothing_o in_o perseus_n his_o time_n and_o macedon_n itself_o reduce_v to_o a_o province_n by_o the_o roman_n of_o who_o legion_n art_n and_o order_n of_o war_n we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o take_v a_o view_n pallas_n armata_n military_a essay_n on_o the_o ancient_a roman_a art_n of_o war_n book_n ii_o chap._n i._o of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a government_n and_o militia_n in_o general_n the_o hand_n of_o heaven_n which_o cast_v the_o empire_n of_o the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o know_a world_n into_o the_o lap_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v the_o more_o visible_a in_o that_o before_o they_o come_v to_o any_o great_a progress_n of_o conquest_n and_o after_o too_o their_o state_n be_v state_n inward_a disease_n of_o the_o roman_a state_n obnoxious_a to_o those_o difficulty_n which_o may_v have_v render_v it_o not_o only_o incapable_a to_o overcome_v its_o enemy_n but_o subject_a to_o be_v a_o prey_n to_o any_o of_o its_o neighbour_n and_o of_o these_o any_o who_o have_v peruse_v their_o history_n may_v if_o they_o please_v with_o i_o observe_v they_o which_o follow_v first_o their_o frequent_a change_n of_o government_n as_o from_o king_n to_o consulâ—_n first_o first_o then_o to_o consul_n join_v with_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n from_o these_o to_o a_o decemvirate_n from_o that_o to_o military_a tribune_n invest_v with_o consular_a authority_n from_o they_o to_o consul_n again_o from_o these_o to_o a_o triumvirate_n and_o from_o that_o to_o emperor_n second_o the_o almost_o continual_a â—arrs_n and_o debate_n between_o the_o senate_n and_o second_o second_o the_o people_n not_o only_o concern_v the_o â—ex_n 〈…〉_o and_o division_n of_o land_n but_o even_o about_o the_o supreme_a power_n of_o the_o governament_n itself_o in_o which_o the_o commons_o ever_o gain_v ground_n and_o at_o the_o long-run_a obtain_v the_o principal_a point_n and_o mark_n of_o the_o sovereignty_n those_o be_v the_o 〈…〉_o of_o magistrate_n yea_o of_o the_o consul_n make_v and_o repeat_v law_n power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n and_o the_o last_o appeal_n three_o the_o constant_o seditious_a oration_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o tribune_n three_o three_o of_o the_o people_n whereby_o they_o public_o obstruct_v many_o time_n the_o levy_n of_o soldier_n and_o the_o pursuance_n of_o many_o victory_n gain_v against_o their_o neighbour_n while_o the_o state_n be_v yet_o in_o its_o infancy_n all_o those_o alteration_n and_o contention_n proceed_v from_o a_o inward_a disease_n of_o state_n can_v not_o choose_v but_o exceed_o weaken_v it_o in_o the_o undertake_n any_o great_a action_n abroad_o but_o four_o their_o cruelty_n and_o ingratitude_n to_o their_o own_o citizen_n and_o captain_n four_o four_o who_o have_v do_v they_o the_o best_a and_o great_a service_n some_o whereof_o i_o shall_v instance_n in_o in_o another_o place_n few_o of_o they_o all_o escape_v a_o severe_a censure_n enough_o to_o withdraw_v any_o generous_a spirit_n from_o a_o desire_n to_o serve_v they_o five_o their_o frequent_a make_v dictator_n almost_o upon_o every_o sudden_a apprehension_n five_o five_o of_o fear_n or_o suppose_a danger_n a_o office_n so_o unlimited_a have_v power_n to_o do_v and_o command_v what_o they_o please_v without_o comptrol_n appeal_v or_o â—ear_v to_o be_v question_v after_o their_o time_n expire_v that_o it_o be_v a_o wonder_n none_o of_o they_o prevent_v julius_n câ—sar_n in_o usurp_v the_o sovereignty_n six_o their_o make_v two_o consul_n of_o equal_a authority_n the_o very_a fuel_n of_o discord_n six_o six_o at_o home_n and_o of_o most_o dangerous_a consequence_n abroad_o when_o a_o powerful_a enemy_n necessitate_v they_o to_o join_v their_o force_n take_v some_o instance_n in_o one_o of_o the_o war_n against_o the_o volscian_n lucius_n furius_n be_v join_v in_o equal_a command_n with_o marcus_n furius_n camillus_n that_o famous_a roman_a who_o free_v his_o country_n from_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o gaul_n in_o this_o war_n young_a lucius_n will_v needs_o fight_v sore_o against_o old_a camillus_n his_o advice_n and_o well_o beat_v â—e_n be_v and_o have_v be_v utter_o rout_v if_o the_o old_a man_n have_v not_o wait_v hiâ—_n opportunity_n and_o come_v to_o his_o rescue_n with_o the_o triariâ—_n fabius_n the_o dictator_n nicknamed_a the_o cunctator_n have_v minutius_n join_v in_o equal_a command_n with_o he_o who_o will_v needs_o with_o the_o half_a of_o the_o army_n fight_n hanâ—â—bal_n whether_o the_o dictator_n will_v or_o not_o the_o carthaginian_a beat_v he_o and_o have_v make_v a_o end_n of_o he_o and_o perhaps_o of_o the_o war_n too_o if_o old_a fabius_n have_v not_o part_v the_o fray_n but_o the_o roman_n escape_v not_o so_o easy_o at_o cannae_n for_o there_o terentius_n varro_n in_o spite_n of_o his_o colleague_n paulus_n aemilius_n fight_v with_o the_o same_o hannibal_n where_o both_o of_o they_o receive_v such_o a_o overthrow_n that_o if_o he_o who_o give_v it_o they_o have_v follow_v maharbal_n advice_n and_o immediate_o march_v he_o may_v in_o all_o probability_n have_v dine_v the_o five_o day_n after_o in_o the_o capitol_n and_o for_o
ever_o have_v extirpate_v the_o city_n and_o name_n of_o the_o roman_n here_o rome_n be_v fave_v not_o at_o all_o by_o the_o senate_n prudence_n but_o by_o her_o enemy_n negligence_n seven_o their_o custom_n to_o recall_v their_o consul_n and_o proconsul_n at_o seven_o seven_o the_o end_n of_o every_o year_n unless_o by_o mighty_a favour_n or_o invincible_a necessity_n they_o be_v continue_v which_o make_v their_o general_n either_o desperate_o hazard_v battle_n or_o grant_v a_o advantageous_a and_o honourable_a peace_n to_o their_o almost_o conquer_a enemy_n lest_o their_o successor_n shall_v have_v the_o honour_n to_o finish_v the_o war._n take_v these_o instance_n sempronius_n against_o all_o reason_n will_v needs_o fight_v hannibal_n at_o trebia_n before_o his_o colleague_n publ._n scipiâ—_n be_v recover_v of_o his_o wound_n for_o fear_v new_a consul_n shall_v come_v and_o rob_v he_o of_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o victory_n the_o like_a fear_n make_v titus_n flaminius_n grant_v a_o advantageous_a peace_n to_o nabis_n the_o tyrant_n of_o lacedaemon_n when_o titus_n be_v almost_o master_n of_o all_o greece_n so_o do_v scipio_n the_o african_a to_o the_o vanquish_a carthaginian_n after_o he_o have_v beat_v hannibal_n at_o zama_n public_o profess_v that_o the_o ambitious_a desire_n of_o claudius_n and_o cornelius_n who_o aspire_v to_o succeed_v he_o and_o put_v a_o end_n to_o that_o long_a war_n be_v the_o cause_n he_o do_v not_o finish_v it_o himself_o want_v time_n with_o the_o destruction_n of_o carthage_n eight_o their_o extraordinary_a superstition_n beyond_o all_o other_o nation_n they_o eighth_n eighth_n must_v sacrifice_v great_a and_o small_a beast_n make_v procession_n lectisternium_n and_o supplication_n to_o all_o their_o god_n and_o goddess_n who_o be_v not_o a_o few_o not_o only_o some_o day_n but_o sometime_o some_o week_n before_o their_o general_n be_v permit_v to_o march_v from_o the_o city_n whereby_o time_n and_o occasion_n not_o to_o be_v recover_v in_o the_o matter_n of_o war_n be_v very_o frequent_o lose_v all_o this_o must_v be_v do_v to_o pease_n their_o angry_a deity_n when_o any_o prodigy_n be_v see_v or_o hear_v of_o either_o within_o or_o without_o the_o city_n for_o some_o whereof_o natural_a reason_n may_v have_v be_v give_v some_o of_o they_o be_v palpable_a and_o ridiculous_a lie_n and_o not_o a_o few_o of_o they_o compose_v either_o by_o the_o state_n or_o the_o priest_n to_o cheat_v the_o credulous_a vulgar_a and_o yet_o with_o the_o relation_n of_o they_o titus_n livius_n even_o nauâ—eates_v his_o reader_n insomuch_o that_o boccalini_n tell_v we_o in_o one_o of_o his_o raguagli_fw-la that_o when_o dion_n be_v severe_o reprove_v in_o parnassus_n before_o apollo_n for_o write_v such_o fabulous_a miracle_n livius_n be_v observe_v to_o blush_v as_o guilty_a of_o the_o same_o crime_n yet_o boccalini_n own_o tacitus_n and_o suetonius_n use_v we_o very_o â—ittle_o better_o livy_n tell_v we_o of_o several_a ox_n 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shoot_v as_o some_o say_v balist_n balist_n dart_n lance_n yea_o spear_n of_o thirty_o foot_n long_o but_o other_o say_v that_o it_o throw_v only_o great_a weight_n and_o stone_n vegetius_n give_v it_o only_a power_n to_o throw_v dart_n nor_o do_v he_o at_o all_o mention_n the_o catapult_n which_o some_o author_n say_v shoot_v catapult_n catapult_n very_o great_a stone_n and_o of_o it_o all_o other_o ancient_a writer_n take_v notice_n and_o they_o be_v by_o they_o clear_o distinguish_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o philip_n the_o last_o king_n of_o macedon_n except_o one_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o echinum_fw-la have_v ambulatory_a tower_n and_o upon_o they_o say_v polybius_n in_o his_o nine_o book_n he_o have_v catapult_n and_o a_o platform_n beside_o for_o balist_n and_o in_o his_o four_o book_n he_o say_v that_o the_o sinopian_o being_n destitute_a of_o all_o necessary_n get_v abundance_n of_o rich_a gift_n send_v to_o they_o by_o several_a and_o that_o particular_o the_o rhodian_o 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and_o these_o make_v the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o english_a mile_n it_o be_v a_o custom_n also_o to_o cast_v into_o besiege_a town_n burn_v iron_n vessel_n with_o melt_a lead_n dead_a horse_n and_o tub_n and_o barrel_n full_a of_o excrement_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o can_v infest_v annoy_n or_o vex_v the_o besiege_a and_o some_o write_v that_o out_o of_o a_o catapult_n be_v shoot_v a_o long_a spear_n or_o story_n a_o strange_a story_n lance_n from_o one_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n danubius_n where_o it_o be_v broad_o over_o to_o the_o other_o this_o i_o dare_v not_o believe_v for_o i_o suppose_v that_o mighty_a river_n before_o he_o discharge_v himself_o may_v be_v more_o than_o two_o italian_a mile_n broad_a and_o i_o will_v suppose_v likewise_o that_o gunner_n will_v confess_v that_o no_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n will_v shoot_v a_o bullet_n so_o far_o pointblank_o especial_o over_o a_o river_n vegetius_n in_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n allow_v 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pleasure_n concern_v mine_n countermure_n or_o retrenchment_n you_o may_v see_v a_o little_a more_o in_o the_o twenty_o four_o discourse_n of_o the_o modern_a art_n of_o war._n chap._n v._o of_o the_o military_a exercise_n duty_n burden_n march_n and_o work_v of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n the_o roman_a soldier_n be_v levy_v and_o arm_v and_o have_v swear_v fidelity_n we_o be_v in_o the_o four_o place_n to_o see_v how_o they_o be_v train_v and_o exercise_v and_o first_o we_o will_v take_v all_o the_o help_n vegetiâ—s_n vouchsafe_v to_o give_v we_o and_o assure_o you_o will_v think_v he_o speak_v very_o full_o of_o all_o manner_n of_o exercise_n exercise_n the_o sum_n of_o what_o vegetius_n say_v of_o exercise_n when_o i_o tell_v you_o that_o he_o have_v bestow_v upon_o that_o affair_n alone_o eleven_o full_a chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n to_o wit_n the_o 9_o 10_o 11_o 12_o 13_o 14_o 15_o 16_o 17_o 18_o and_o 19_o chapter_n wherein_o often_o than_o once_o he_o tell_v we_o one_o 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consul_n those_o who_o have_v no_o exemption_n be_v call_v munifice_n duty-doer_n there_o be_v some_o who_o say_v that_o the_o triarii_n be_v free_a from_o these_o duty_n and_o particular_a service_n to_o officer_n and_o full_a well_o it_o may_v be_v so_o since_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o look_v to_o the_o horse_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o therefore_o in_o encamp_v be_v constant_o quarter_v beside_o they_o as_o you_o will_v see_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o their_o castrametation_n but_o from_o other_o public_a work_n they_o be_v not_o free_a for_o they_o fortify_v the_o camp_n which_o both_o paulus_n aemilius_n and_o câ—sar_n testify_v when_o they_o make_v the_o triarii_n fortify_v with_o spade_n and_o mattock_n while_o they_o face_v the_o enemy_n with_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la the_o three_o kind_n of_o a_o roman_a soldier_n exercise_n be_v work_v and_o labour_n which_o kind_n three_o kind_n in_o our_o modern_a army_n be_v not_o so_o unusual_a as_o lipsius_n will_v make_v it_o as_o shall_v be_v demonstrate_v against_o he_o in_o its_o proper_a place_n indeed_o there_o be_v not_o such_o creature_n as_o pioner_n know_v in_o the_o old_a roman_a army_n all_o be_v wrought_v by_o the_o soldier_n themselves_o yea_o some_o write_v that_o their_o velite_n be_v not_o admit_v to_o work_v as_o unworthy_a to_o be_v employ_v in_o a_o service_n of_o so_o much_o reputation_n and_o so_o it_o seem_v it_o be_v a_o maxim_n with_o they_o diametrical_o contrary_a to_o we_o which_o be_v the_o great_a fatigue_n the_o great_a honour_n of_o these_o public_a work_n there_o be_v many_o kind_n these_o be_v the_o cut_v carry_v and_o square_n turf_n and_o sod_n stake_n and_o pallisadoe_n for_o their_o camp_n castle_n town_n fort_n and_o sconce_n the_o fortify_v all_o of_o these_o work_v and_o dig_v at_o the_o approach_n and_o expugnation_n of_o fort_n and_o town_n the_o make_n and_o manage_v great_a engine_n mining_n countermine_v make_v retrenchment_n or_o countermure_n cut_v deep_a ditch_n and_o channel_n of_o a_o very_a great_a length_n build_v magazine_n amphitheatre_n and_o other_o huge_a and_o vast_a edifice_n and_o all_o these_o with_o many_o more_o not_o only_o in_o time_n of_o war_n but_o of_o the_o calm_a peace_n when_o no_o necessity_n can_v be_v pretend_v for_o they_o and_o those_o not_o so_o much_o for_o the_o ornament_n of_o country_n and_o province_n though_o that_o be_v likewise_o take_v into_o consideration_n as_o to_o inure_v the_o soldier_n to_o toil_n and_o to_o keep_v they_o habituate_v to_o it_o that_o when_o they_o be_v necessitate_v to_o fatigue_n in_o earnest_n they_o may_v find_v it_o easy_a as_o that_o which_o be_v no_o new_a thing_n to_o they_o and_o they_o find_v that_o this_o labour_n procure_v to_o the_o soldiery_n both_o health_n and_o strength_n suetonius_n say_v that_o galba_n before_o he_o be_v emperor_n veteranum_fw-la &_o tyronem_fw-la militem_fw-la assiduo_fw-la â—pere_fw-la corroboravit_fw-la he_o strengthen_v both_o his_o old_a and_o raw_a soldier_n with_o daily_a work_n and_o labour_n and_o scipio_n the_o lesser_a keep_v his_o army_n constant_o at_o hard_a work_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o fatigue_n great_a fatigue_n numantia_n where_o he_o frequent_o tell_v his_o soldier_n that_o he_o who_o will_v bathe_v his_o hand_n in_o the_o blood_n of_o his_o enemy_n must_v first_o soil_v they_o with_o dirt_n and_o mire_n it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o roman_n fortify_v their_o camp_n with_o their_o sword_n at_o their_o side_n as_o we_o read_v in_o sacred_a history_n nehemiah_n do_v and_o make_v the_o jew_n do_v when_o they_o rebuilt_a the_o wall_n of_o jerusalem_n we_o read_v that_o corbulo_n a_o great_a captain_n and_o reformer_n of_o decay_a discipline_n put_v two_o of_o his_o soldier_n discipline_n severe_a discipline_n to_o death_n because_o he_o find_v they_o work_v at_o a_o rampart_n the_o one_o without_o either_o sword_n or_o dagger_n the_o other_o with_o a_o dagger_n but_o without_o a_o sword_n the_o same_o corbulo_n be_v command_v by_o his_o tyrannical_a master_n nero_n to_o make_v peace_n with_o the_o german_n lest_o his_o army_n shall_v languish_v with_o idleness_n cause_v they_o to_o cut_v a_o ditch_n three_o and_o twenty_o italian_a mile_n long_o between_o the_o river_n of_o the_o maes_n and_o the_o rhine_n for_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n with_o they_o that_o labour_n harden_v and_o corroborate_v whereas_o idleness_n weaken_v and_o effeminate_v the_o truth_n whereof_o be_v teach_v we_o by_o experience_n but_o true_o who_o will_v right_o consider_v the_o stupendous_a work_n of_o the_o roman_n make_v by_o a_o few_o man_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n may_v as_o one_o observe_v say_v they_o be_v those_o giant_n who_o as_o the_o poet_n feign_v cast_v one_o mountain_n on_o another_o so_o to_o climb_v up_o to_o heaven_n for_o not_o to_o speak_v of_o their_o
build_a temple_n theatre_n castle_n tower_n and_o bath_n their_o drain_n marsh_n cut_v out_o channel_n causey_v way_n and_o pave_v street_n all_o which_o be_v the_o work_n of_o peace_n who_o can_v read_v without_o admiration_n of_o their_o work_n and_o fortification_n in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n as_o particular_o either_o caesar_n circumvallation_n at_o alesia_n circumvallation_n caesar_n circumvallation_n which_o he_o make_v both_o exceed_o broad_a and_o high_a wonderful_o strong_a with_o tower_n and_o castle_n well_o pallisadoe_v both_o before_o he_o and_o behind_o he_o the_o first_o to_o besiege_v vercengentorix_n within_o the_o town_n the_o second_o to_o defend_v himself_o against_o the_o unite_a force_n of_o all_o the_o gaul_n who_o he_o know_v be_v prepare_v to_o come_v and_o raise_v the_o siege_n a_o work_n of_o sixteen_o mile_n circumference_n or_o those_o work_n of_o his_o at_o dirrachium_n whereby_o he_o have_v almost_o besiege_v pompey_n both_o strong_a and_o better_o provide_v than_o himself_o spinola_n his_o circumvallation_n at_o breda_n in_o the_o year_n spinola_n spinola_n 1625_o and_o 1626._o give_v we_o ground_n enough_o to_o believe_v those_o of_o great_a caesar_n to_o be_v true_a but_o methinks_v the_o nervian_o far_o surpass_v they_o all_o who_o as_o you_o have_v it_o in_o caesar_n five_o book_n of_o the_o french_a war_n have_v learned_a something_o of_o fortification_n from_o some_o prisoner_n or_o fugitive_n roman_n besiege_v cicero_n one_o of_o caesar_n legate_n in_o his_o winter_n quarter_n where_o they_o make_v a_o circumvallation_n of_o fifteen_o mile_n circumference_n the_o rampart_n eleven_o foot_n high_a and_o the_o ditch_n fifteen_o foot_n broad_a or_o deep_a without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o tool_n except_o their_o sword_n wherewith_o they_o cut_v the_o turf_n and_o sod_n and_o their_o headpiece_n and_o hand_n wherewith_o they_o cast_v up_o the_o earth_n and_o all_o this_o in_o the_o space_n of_o three_o hour_n a_o action_n so_o 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after_o the_o legion_n march_v from_o rome_n every_o file_n be_v drill_v and_o train_v by_o its_o leader_n who_o be_v call_v decanus_n and_o caput_fw-la contubernii_fw-la because_o a_o whole_a file_n be_v lodge_v in_o one_o tent_n or_o hut_n and_o leader_n decanus_n a_o file_n leader_n this_o decanus_n be_v also_o to_o have_v the_o inspection_n of_o their_o arm_n that_o they_o be_v keep_v bright_a clear_a and_o sharp_a and_o of_o their_o clothes_n that_o they_o be_v keep_v in_o good_a order_n for_o all_o which_o he_o have_v some_o small_a allowance_n more_o than_o the_o common_a soldier_n i_o shall_v conclude_v this_o discourse_n of_o exercise_n with_o what_o josephus_n say_v of_o they_o the_o roman_a exercise_n in_o arm_n be_v say_v he_o battle_n without_o blood_n and_o their_o battle_n be_v exercise_n with_o blood_n observe_v here_o that_o polybius_n speak_v not_o one_o word_n of_o any_o of_o these_o three_o kind_n of_o exercise_n and_o vegetius_n nothing_o of_o the_o second_o kind_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o roman_a infantry_n and_o all_o its_o several_a body_n and_o their_o officer_n how_o the_o ancient_n and_o illustrious_a roman_n divide_v their_o foot_n into_o heavy_a and_o light_a and_o how_o both_o be_v arm_v i_o have_v sufficient_o inform_v you_o but_o there_o be_v some_o who_o say_v they_o have_v no_o light_n arm_v foot_n till_o hannibal_n time_n i_o know_v no_o authority_n for_o this_o it_o be_v true_a livius_n say_v in_o his_o twenty_o six_o book_n that_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o capua_n when_o it_o stand_v for_o hannibal_n be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o the_o roman_a light_n arm_v foot_n be_v mingle_v with_o the_o horse_n but_o this_o will_v not_o infer_v that_o the_o roman_n have_v no_o light_n arm_v foot_n before_o that_o siege_n of_o capua_n the_o truth_n of_o that_o affair_n be_v this_o the_o capuan_n at_o their_o sally_n ordinary_o worsted_n horse_n velite_n mix_v with_o horse_n the_o roman_a horse_n till_o one_o navius_n a_o centurion_n make_v a_o proposition_n that_o in_o such_o rencounter_v the_o horseman_n shall_v take_v darter_n on_o the_o croup_n of_o their_o horse_n which_o be_v do_v now_o when_o the_o besiege_a sally_v and_o come_v up_o to_o the_o roman_a horse_n the_o velite_n alight_v and_o run_v before_o the_o horseman_n throw_v their_o dart_n whereof_o they_o be_v order_v to_o have_v seven_a at_o the_o enemy_n and_o then_o retire_v to_o their_o own_o horse_n have_v do_v as_o may_v be_v suppose_v so_o much_o mischief_n to_o the_o hannibalians_n and_o bring_v they_o into_o such_o disorder_n that_o the_o roman_a horse_n often_o have_v a_o cheap_a market_n of_o they_o navius_n may_v well_o have_v be_v the_o first_o roman_n that_o think_v of_o this_o way_n of_o fight_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n mix_v together_o but_o it_o be_v practise_v long_o before_o his_o time_n by_o the_o great_a alexander_n and_o other_o and_o caesar_n bear_v witness_v that_o long_o after_o navius_n ariâ—vistus_n king_n of_o the_o german_n use_v and_o practise_v it_o who_o learn_v it_o not_o from_o navius_n or_o any_o other_o roman_n in_o the_o world_n lipsius_n think_v that_o in_o caesar_n time_n there_o be_v no_o velite_n and_o i_o be_o content_a to_o be_v of_o his_o opinion_n for_o though_o it_o be_v certain_a enough_o that_o when_o caesar_n live_v there_o be_v in_o the_o roman_a army_n slinger_n darter_n and_o archer_n all_o which_o be_v velites_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v say_v these_o be_v but_o auxiliary_n for_o after_o the_o socii_fw-la or_o ally_n be_v make_v burgess_n of_o rome_n and_o that_o rome_n itself_o be_v mistress_n not_o only_o of_o all_o italy_n but_o many_o other_o place_n of_o the_o world_n and_o so_o can_v for_o her_o money_n get_v mercenary_n when_o she_o please_v it_o be_v probable_a the_o roman_n make_v no_o election_n but_o of_o heavy_a arm_v or_o legionary_n but_o the_o reason_n lipsius_n give_v for_o his_o opinion_n will_v not_o prove_v the_o thing_n it_o be_v this_o caesar_n sometime_o interline_v his_o cavalry_n with_o antesignani_fw-la now_o these_o be_v heavy_a arm_v therefore_o he_o have_v no_o velite_n but_o this_o will_v not_o follow_v for_o why_o may_v not_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n fight_v among_o the_o horse_n as_o well_o as_o the_o horse_n many_o time_n be_v bring_v to_o fight_v among_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n for_o that_o depend_v on_o the_o consul_n pleasure_n to_o bring_v some_o foot_n from_o the_o battle_n to_o the_o wing_n or_o some_o horse_n from_o the_o wing_n to_o the_o battle_n a_o thing_n frequent_o practise_v these_o velite_n have_v their_o denomination_n a_o velocitate_fw-la from_o swiftness_n in_o time_n of_o service_n or_o battle_n they_o be_v sometime_o employ_v in_o the_o rear_n sometime_o marshal_v velites_n where_o marshal_v in_o the_o flank_n but_o for_o most_o part_n in_o the_o van_n and_o when_o they_o be_v overmastered_a they_o retire_v to_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o legionary_n some_o apprehend_v that_o in_o their_o retreat_n they_o divide_v themselves_o into_o three_o body_n the_o first_o behind_o the_o hastati_fw-la the_o second_o behind_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o the_o three_o behind_o the_o triarii_n but_o assure_o they_o be_v mistake_v for_o after_o the_o velite_n have_v quit_v the_o field_n the_o heavy_a arm_v begin_v the_o combat_n first_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o they_o be_v worsted_n retire_v to_o the_o principes_fw-la but_o this_o they_o can_v not_o do_v feasible_o if_o a_o body_n of_o velite_n stand_v between_o they_o and_o the_o principes_fw-la nor_o can_v the_o principes_fw-la retire_v to_o the_o triarii_n if_o another_o body_n of_o velite_n stand_v between_o they_o and_o therefore_o i_o think_v i_o have_v reason_n to_o conclude_v that_o when_o the_o velite_n be_v beat_v out_o of_o the_o field_n they_o retire_v straight_o to_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o triarii_n through_o the_o direct_a interval_n of_o all_o the_o three_o class_n of_o the_o heavy_a arm_v
can_v be_v appropriate_v to_o the_o roman_a cavalry_n but_o he_o conclude_v at_o eight_o deep_a eight_o hundred_o horse_n will_v take_v up_o in_o deep_a persian_a horse_n eight_o deep_a front_n one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o five_o pace_n which_o be_v one_o furlong_n and_o consequent_o eight_o thousand_o horse_n need_v to_o have_v for_o their_o front_n twelve_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o pace_n that_o be_v ten_o furlong_n and_o therefore_o darius_n his_o thirty_o thousand_o horse_n be_v eight_o deep_a will_v in_o front_n have_v possess_v of_o ground_n four_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o eighty_o six_o pace_n more_o than_o thirty_o seven_o stadia_fw-la or_o furlong_n and_o these_o will_v make_v more_o than_o four_o italian_a mile_n and_o a_o half_a and_o as_o much_o ground_n calisthenes_n must_v have_v allow_v to_o his_o mercenary_n observe_v here_o that_o polybius_n allow_v for_o one_o hundred_o horse_n in_o front_n one_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o pace_n which_o be_v more_o than_o six_o foot_n for_o a_o horseman_n to_o stand_v on_o and_o for_o distance_n between_o he_o and_o his_o side-man_n but_o if_o polybius_n his_o meaning_n be_v that_o the_o roman_a horse_n be_v marshal_v eight_o be_v we_o know_v not_o how_o deep_o the_o roman_a horse_n be_v deep_a than_o vegetius_n his_o thirty_o two_o rider_n will_v do_v better_a than_o polybius_n his_o thirty_o in_o a_o troop_n because_o thirty_o two_o will_v make_v four_o file_n complete_o whereas_o thirty_o make_v but_o three_o file_n of_o eight_o and_o a_o break_a one_o of_o six_o in_o such_o a_o mist_n do_v these_o two_o great_a master_n of_o the_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n leave_v we_o out_o of_o which_o neither_o accurate_a lipsius_n or_o any_o other_o of_o my_o read_n have_v offer_v to_o guide_v we_o i_o conceive_v according_a to_o thirty_o in_o a_o troop_n ten_o deep_a might_n hauâ—_n do_v well_o and_o who_o can_v tell_v but_o polybius_n mean_v so_o when_o he_o appoint_v three_o decurion_n to_o be_v file-leader_n and_o three_o agminis_fw-la or_o turma_fw-la coactores_fw-la to_o be_v bringer_n up_o but_o that_o be_v indeed_o too_o many_o it_o make_v the_o longitude_n or_o front_n so_o small_a as_o render_v it_o very_o easy_a to_o be_v environ_v or_o surround_v in_o these_o very_a ancient_a time_n many_o nation_n fight_v on_o horse_n neither_o horse_n unbridle_a &_o unsaddle_v horse_n bridle_v nor_o saddle_v and_o some_o have_v saddle_n but_o no_o bridle_n hence_o we_o read_v that_o the_o african_n especial_o the_o numidian_n divide_v their_o cavalry_n in_o fraenatos_n &_o infranatos_n equos_fw-la into_o bridle_v and_o unbridle_a horse_n and_o it_o be_v a_o wonder_n to_o read_v in_o livy_n with_o what_o dexterity_n and_o agility_n these_o unbridled_a horse_n be_v rule_v and_o manage_v by_o the_o hand_n the_o foot_n or_o rod_n of_o a_o rider_n some_o again_o have_v bridle_n for_o their_o horse_n but_o no_o saddle_n so_o have_v the_o german_n who_o laugh_v at_o the_o roman_n as_o soft_a and_o effeminate_a for_o ride_v on_o saddle_n and_o yet_o these_o very_a saddle_n which_o the_o roman_n use_v be_v nothing_o but_o a_o cover_v make_v of_o some_o piece_n of_o cloth_n or_o stuff_n rich_a or_o mean_a according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o rider_n or_o at_o best_o of_o some_o bundle_n tie_v together_o for_o the_o ease_n of_o the_o horseman_n without_o either_o iron_n or_o timber_n in_o it_o as_o our_o saddle_n have_v neither_o have_v any_o of_o they_o ancient_a saddle_n not_o ancient_a any_o stirrup_n to_o ease_v the_o rider_n leg_n for_o these_o come_v first_o in_o fashion_n in_o nero_n time_n if_o lipsius_n his_o observation_n hold_v any_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n that_o be_v use_v before_o be_v but_o a_o ladder_n of_o cord_n wood_n or_o iron_n to_o help_v the_o horseman_n to_o mount_v his_o horse_n if_o he_o be_v age_a indispose_a sick_a or_o lame_a and_o so_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v on_o horseback_n the_o ladder_n be_v remove_v perhaps_o not_o unlike_a to_o those_o 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his_o forty_o book_n he_o give_v we_o the_o relation_n of_o a_o battle_n the_o celtiberian_n fight_v in_o spain_n against_o the_o roman_a praetor_n fulvius_n wherein_o the_o roman_n be_v very_o near_a worsted_n the_o enemy_n have_v cast_v himself_o in_o a_o wedge_n at_o which_o manner_n of_o fight_n he_o be_v think_v almost_o invincible_a bear_v down_o all_o before_o he_o till_o the_o praetor_n tell_v his_o horseman_n that_o charge_v desperate_o on_o unbridled_a horse_n may_v recover_v the_o victory_n for_o say_v he_o formerly_z such_o a_o practice_n have_v produce_v good_a effect_n the_o cavalry_n obey_v his_o order_n and_o by_o a_o furious_a charge_n with_o lance_n rout_v the_o celtiberian_n such_o a_o command_n in_o our_o time_n will_v be_v account_v both_o unpracticable_a and_o ridiculous_a yet_o we_o may_v believe_v that_o horse_n be_v so_o teach_v and_o manage_v then_o that_o they_o will_v obey_v their_o master_n without_o bridle_n and_o this_o we_o may_v suppose_v not_o to_o 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what_o interval_n what_o any_o distance_n between_o body_n great_a and_o small_a yea_o to_o the_o space_n that_o be_v between_o one_o time_n and_o another_o a_o interval_n of_o time_n be_v now_o language_n proper_a enough_o and_o physician_n borrow_v it_o and_o call_v a_o intermit_a ague_n febris_n intervallata_n a_o intervalled_a favour_n what_o distance_n or_o interval_n there_o be_v between_o roman_a rank_n and_o between_o tell_v deepness_n of_o the_o file_n not_o tell_v file_n between_o several_a body_n of_o either_o their_o horse_n or_o foot_n no_o ancient_a author_n have_v clear_v to_o we_o but_o leave_v we_o to_o grope_v in_o the_o dark_a nor_o can_v we_o well_o guess_v at_o they_o till_o we_o condescend_v how_o many_o in_o file_n both_o horse_n and_o foot_n be_v marshal_v i_o tell_v you_o before_o that_o vegetius_n in_o the_o twenty_o five_o chapter_n vegetius_n by_o vegetius_n of_o his_o second_o book_n seem_v to_o make_v the_o foot_n eleven_o deep_a because_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o he_o order_v a_o contubernium_fw-la of_o soldier_n to_o manage_v a_o carrobalist_n and_o that_o he_o say_v consist_v of_o eleven_o man_n but_o this_o do_v not_o prove_v that_o vegetius_n his_o file_n be_v precise_o eleven_o no_o more_o than_o what_o he_o say_v in_o the_o fifteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n that_o ten_o thousand_o man_n draw_v up_o in_o six_o rank_n will_v take_v up_o so_o much_o ground_n in_o front_n will_v prove_v that_o the_o roman_a foot_n be_v draw_v up_o six_o deep_a and_o so_o for_o vegetius_n we_o know_v not_o the_o deepness_n of_o either_o the_o roman_a foot_n or_o horse_n nor_o will_v we_o be_v one_o jot_n the_o wise_a for_o polybius_n for_o the_o discourse_n he_o have_v in_o his_o twelve_o book_n where_o he_o speak_v of_o horse_n polybius_n nor_o by_o polybius_n eight_o in_o file_n do_v not_o concern_v the_o roman_a militia_n for_o
velite_n be_v not_o to_o stand_v in_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o heavy_a arm_v but_o only_o either_o to_o advance_v to_o the_o van_n or_o retire_v to_o the_o rear_n through_o they_o and_o he_o know_v too_o that_o the_o interval_n between_o maniple_n be_v principal_o for_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o first_o class_n to_o fall_v in_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o second_o class_n and_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o three_o batallion_n for_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o other_o two_o to_o full_a back_n to_o they_o and_o therefore_o to_o allow_v but_o ten_o foot_n for_o every_o one_o of_o these_o interval_n be_v a_o inexcusable_a error_n in_o he_o and_o a_o conjecture_n which_o have_v no_o coherence_n with_o sense_n nor_o can_v ever_o be_v justify_v by_o reason_n that_o general_n never_o breathe_v that_o can_v draw_v up_o a_o band_n of_o man_n consist_v of_o twelve_o file_n in_o ten_o foot_n of_o ground_n now_o every_o maniple_n of_o the_o pâ—â—â—cipes_n and_o hastati_fw-la according_a to_o polybius_n who_o lipsius_n follow_v consist_v of_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o man_n and_o these_o be_v ten_o deep_a constitute_v twelve_o file_n these_o have_v eleven_o interval_n every_o one_o of_o which_o being_n three_o foot_n make_v thirty_o three_o foot_n add_v twelve_o to_o that_o for_o the_o twelve_o file_n to_o stand_v on_o the_o aggregate_v maniples_n true_a interval_n between_o maniples_n be_v forty_o five_o foot_n and_o if_o you_o allow_v but_o two_o foot_n for_o every_o interval_n between_o file_n the_o interval_n between_o two_o maniple_n must_v be_v thirty_o four_o foot_n for_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a you_o can_v allow_v less_o ground_n for_o a_o interval_n than_o that_o which_o a_o body_n possess_v that_o be_v ordain_v to_o stand_v in_o that_o interval_n hence_o i_o think_v it_o be_v obvious_a to_o common_a sense_n that_o all_o the_o interval_n between_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la be_v of_o forty_o five_o foot_n or_o thirty_o four_o at_o least_o and_o those_o of_o the_o triarii_n of_o ninety_o foot_n or_o sixty_o eight_o at_o least_o in_o regard_n they_o be_v to_o receive_v the_o maniple_n of_o both_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la in_o the_o clear_n this_o point_n of_o distance_n i_o have_v be_v perhaps_o too_o prolix_a and_o have_v use_v repetition_n which_o i_o condemn_v in_o other_o but_o be_v it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o have_v so_o much_o as_o a_o general_a notion_n of_o a_o roman_a army_n how_o it_o be_v marshal_v or_o of_o any_o other_o army_n unless_o you_o know_v the_o interval_n i_o have_v not_o think_v it_o amiss_o to_o spend_v a_o little_a paper_n on_o that_o subject_a and_o indeed_o we_o be_v leave_v as_o in_o many_o other_o point_n necessary_a to_o be_v know_v so_o in_o this_o to_o grope_v in_o the_o dark_a nor_o have_v i_o be_v so_o severe_a to_o the_o learned_a lipsius_n for_o his_o extravagant_a conjecture_n of_o roman_a interval_n but_o i_o shall_v be_v ready_a to_o accept_v and_o desire_v other_o to_o do_v so_o too_o of_o his_o own_o excuse_n which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o his_o own_o word_n as_o i_o find_v they_o in_o the_o four_o book_n of_o his_o commentary_n hâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d as_o i_o as_o â—â—_o rerâ—â—â—â—_n veterâ—â—â—_n quas_fw-la excuse_v lipsius_n excuse_v revera_fw-la per_fw-la leves_fw-la conjecturas_fw-la &_o fallacia_fw-la vestigia_fw-la 〈◊〉_d ah_o say_v he_o my_o darkness_n or_o that_o of_o ancient_a thing_n which_o indeed_o we_o must_v hunt_v after_o with_o uncertain_a conjecture_n and_o through_o fallacious_a footstep_n chap._n xv._o of_o the_o roman_a ally_n and_o auxiliary_n and_o the_o mistake_v of_o some_o author_n concern_v they_o you_o may_v read_v very_o frequent_o in_o roman_a story_n of_o socii_fw-la ally_n and_o confederate_n who_o be_v oblige_v by_o covenant_n and_o stipulation_n to_o send_v out_o such_o a_o assistance_n of_o man_n for_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n as_o the_o senate_n or_o the_o consul_n require_v till_o a_o little_a before_o julius_n caesar_n time_n after_o that_o you_o shall_v read_v no_o more_o of_o they_o for_o than_o they_o be_v all_o make_v citizen_n of_o rome_n and_o reckon_v to_o be_v of_o one_o incorporation_n the_o difference_n between_o ally_n and_o auxiliary_n be_v the_o first_o can_v only_a be_v italian_n the_o second_o be_v of_o any_o other_o nation_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o though_o we_o read_v of_o no_o ally_n that_o join_v with_o lucullâ—â—_n sylla_n pompâ—y_n caesar_n anthony_n vespasian_n and_o his_o son_n titus_n yet_o we_o find_v their_o army_n mighty_o strengthen_v by_o auxiliary_n but_o indeed_o the_o roman_n do_v but_o fool_n some_o of_o the_o italian_a town_n and_o republic_n with_o the_o goodly_a show_n of_o alliance_n and_o the_o honourable_a title_n of_o socii_fw-la whereas_o true_o they_o use_v they_o no_o better_a than_o vassal_n oblige_v use_v roman_n ally_n ill_o use_v they_o to_o follow_v they_o in_o the_o pursuance_n of_o their_o ambitious_a design_n with_o as_o many_o force_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n as_o the_o senate_n please_v to_o impose_v on_o they_o and_o to_o serve_v at_o their_o own_o charge_n except_o a_o little_a proviant_a which_o with_o the_o help_n of_o these_o same_o ally_n they_o take_v from_o a_o enemy_n hence_o come_v these_o many_o grievance_n of_o the_o confederated_a town_n mention_v in_o the_o roman_a history_n and_o once_o a_o total_a rapture_n of_o the_o latin_n from_o they_o till_o after_o much_o bloodshed_n they_o be_v reduce_v to_o their_o former_a condition_n till_o the_o roman_n have_v overmastered_n hannibal_n philip_n of_o macedon_n and_o the_o great_a king_n of_o syria_n antiochus_n we_o shall_v seldom_o read_v of_o any_o of_o their_o army_n that_o be_v not_o pvissant_o assist_v by_o their_o ally_n the_o number_n either_o as_o to_o foot_n or_o horse_n ally_n number_n of_o the_o ally_n of_o which_o that_o assistance_n consist_v may_v be_v collect_v from_o the_o several_a time_n of_o their_o conjunction_n but_o that_o they_o be_v determinate_o and_o constant_o stint_v to_o such_o a_o number_n can_v never_o be_v prove_v out_o of_o ancient_a story_n yet_o i_o find_v vegetius_n very_o positive_a in_o it_o and_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n he_o offer_v to_o assure_v vegetius_n mistake_v by_o vegetius_n his_o reader_n that_o neither_o ally_n nor_o auxiliary_n be_v ever_o in_o one_o army_n strong_a than_o the_o roman_n take_v his_o own_o word_n illa_fw-la tamen_fw-la ratio_fw-la servata_fw-la est_fw-la ne_fw-la unquam_fw-la ampliâ—r_fw-la multitudo_fw-la sociorum_fw-la auxiliaxiumve_fw-la â—sset_fw-la in_o castris_fw-la quam_fw-la civium_fw-la romanorum_fw-la that_o care_n say_v he_o be_v take_v that_o no_o great_a number_n of_o ally_n or_o auxiliary_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o camp_n than_o of_o roman_a citizen_n and_o machiavelli_n in_o the_o three_o machiavelli_n mistake_v by_o machiavelli_n book_n of_o his_o art_n of_o war_n say_v that_o every_o consular_a army_n consist_v of_o two_o legion_n which_o be_v eleven_o thousand_o foot_n and_o two_o legion_n of_o ally_n which_o make_v also_o eleven_o thousand_o foot_n i_o shall_v first_o speak_v a_o word_n to_o both_o of_o they_o together_o and_o then_o several_o to_o each_o of_o they_o both_o of_o they_o have_v read_v livy_n and_o till_o they_o have_v produce_v a_o more_o authentic_a historian_n none_o of_o they_o shall_v have_v give_v he_o the_o lie_n so_o broad_o this_o author_n in_o his_o twenty_o first_o book_n tell_v we_o that_o after_o hannibal_n come_v to_o italy_n cor._n scipio_n and_o sempronius_n levy_v six_o legion_n of_o roman_n each_o of_o four_o thousand_o foot_n and_o for_o every_o one_o of_o they_o three_o hundred_o horse_n and_o in_o that_o same_o place_n he_o cast_v up_o the_o total_a of_o they_o to_o be_v twenty_o four_o thousand_o foot_n and_o eighteen_o hundred_o horse_n and_o of_o ally_n say_v he_o forty_o four_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n this_o want_v but_o four_o thousand_o of_o the_o double_a number_n of_o the_o roman_a foot_n and_o four_o hundred_o more_o than_o double_a the_o number_n of_o the_o roman_a horse_n in_o his_o thirty_o five_o book_n he_o inform_v we_o that_o in_o the_o war_n against_o antiochus_n the_o consul_n quintius_n raise_v two_o legion_n each_o of_o five_o thousand_o foot_n in_o all_o ten_o thousand_o and_o six_o hundred_o horse_n and_o of_o the_o ally_n say_v he_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o eight_o hundred_o horse_n the_o number_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v double_a the_o roman_a infantry_n and_o the_o horse_n exceed_v livius_n prove_v out_o of_o livius_n the_o roman_a by_o two_o hundred_o in_o the_o istrian_a war_n a_o little_a before_o that_o of_o macedon_n livy_n in_o his_o forty_o first_o book_n say_v ten_o thousand_o roman_a foot_n and_o three_o hundred_o horse_n be_v levy_v and_o of_o the_o ally_n twelve_o thousand_o foot_n and_o six_o hundred_o
officer_v marshal_v encamp_v and_o discipline_v according_a to_o the_o roman_a custom_n only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o those_o who_o command_v roman_a legion_n be_v call_v tribune_n but_o those_o who_o command_v the_o legion_n of_o the_o ally_n be_v call_v prafecti_n i_o conceive_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o title_n be_v this_o the_o tribune_n be_v elect_v for_o most_o part_n by_o the_o tribe_n whence_o he_o have_v his_o name_n tribunus_n but_o those_o of_o the_o ally_n roman_n consul_n power_n over_o the_o ally_n ally_n be_v nominate_v by_o the_o roman_a consul_n for_o the_o ally_n have_v no_o power_n to_o appoint_v or_o commissionate_v their_o own_o praefecti_fw-la that_o have_v entrench_v too_o much_o upon_o the_o lordly_a power_n the_o roman_n still_o keep_v in_o their_o own_o hand_n and_o be_v bind_v most_o strong_o to_o obey_v that_o consul_n with_o who_o they_o join_v so_o we_o see_v how_o little_a difference_n the_o haughty_a roman_n make_v between_o their_o confederated_a friend_n and_o their_o vassal_n which_o i_o hint_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o chapter_n and_o in_o this_o point_n the_o consul_n have_v more_o power_n over_o the_o ally_n than_o over_o the_o roman_n themselves_o for_o the_o roman_a people_n for_o most_o part_n choose_v the_o roman_a tribune_n and_o not_o the_o consul_n chap._n xvi_o of_o a_o roman_a consular_a army_n and_o some_o mistake_v concern_v it_o i_o know_v not_o from_o whence_o this_o denomination_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n be_v come_v unless_o it_o be_v that_o polybius_n in_o his_o six_o book_n say_v that_o ordinary_o every_o year_n four_o legion_n be_v levy_v for_o the_o state_n service_n two_o for_o every_o consul_n and_o this_o livy_n do_v witness_v to_o have_v be_v do_v often_o but_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o have_v assert_v that_o a_o consul_n never_o have_v more_o or_o few_o legion_n in_o his_o army_n than_o two_o polybius_n mean_v that_o a_o consular_a army_n consist_v for_o most_o part_n of_o two_o roman_a legion_n six_o hundred_o horse_n with_o two_o legion_n of_o ally_n and_o twelve_o hundred_o horse_n but_o he_o never_o say_v that_o it_o be_v constant_o so_o for_o than_o he_o have_v contradict_v his_o own_o history_n in_o many_o place_n but_o i_o rather_o conceive_v author_n call_v that_o a_o consular_a army_n which_o have_v in_o it_o the_o above_o specify_v number_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n by_o the_o authority_n and_o upon_o the_o word_n of_o vegetius_n who_o describe_v both_o a_o praetorian_a and_o a_o consular_a army_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n i_o shall_v army_n vegetius_n describe_v a_o praetorian_a and_o a_o consular_a army_n faithful_o english_a his_o word_n thus_o the_o ancient_n say_v he_o have_v by_o exrerience_n learned_a to_o obviate_v difficulty_n choose_v rather_o to_o have_v skilful_a than_o numerous_a army_n â—_o therefore_o they_o think_v in_o war_n of_o lesser_a moment_n one_o legion_n with_o the_o auxiliary_n that_o be_v ten_o thousand_o foot_n and_o two_o thousand_o horse_n may_v suffice_v which_o the_o praetor_n as_o lesser_a chieftan_n often_o lead_v in_o expedition_n but_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v report_v to_o be_v strong_a than_o a_o consular_a power_n with_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n be_v send_v with_o a_o great_a captain_n but_o if_o a_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o the_o fierce_a nation_n do_v rebel_v than_o too_o great_a necessity_n force_v they_o two_o chieftan_n with_o two_o army_n be_v send_v with_o this_o command_n that_o either_o the_o one_o consul_n or_o both_o shall_v look_v to_o it_o that_o the_o commonwealth_n shall_v receive_v no_o damage_n in_o fine_a say_v he_o since_o the_o roman_a people_n be_v to_o make_v war_n almost_o himself_o and_o contradict_v himself_o every_o year_n in_o several_a country_n against_o divers_a enemy_n they_o think_v these_o force_n may_v suffice_v because_o they_o judge_v it_o be_v not_o so_o profitable_a to_o entertain_v great_a army_n as_o those_o that_o be_v well_o exercise_v and_o train_v in_o arm_n thus_o far_o vegetius_n let_v we_o take_v his_o discourse_n in_o piece_n and_o examine_v it_o according_a to_o his_o own_o writing_n and_o no_o man_n else_o first_o in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o aver_v there_o shall_v be_v no_o army_n first_o in_o the_o praetorian_a army_n few_o in_o a_o legion_n than_o six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o foot_n and_o seven_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o horse_n in_o this_o place_n he_o say_v a_o praetorian_a army_n wherein_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o legion_n of_o roman_n and_o another_o of_o ally_n shall_v have_v ten_o thousand_o foot_n and_o two_o thousand_o horse_n the_o foot_n two_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o few_o than_o in_o his_o own_o account_n there_o shall_v be_v in_o two_o legion_n and_o the_o horse_n five_o hundred_o forty_o eight_o more_o than_o himself_o allow_v to_o the_o cavalry_n of_o two_o legion_n and_o to_o let_v we_o see_v that_o he_o will_v keep_v a_o proportionable_a way_n in_o contradict_v army_n second_o in_o a_o consular_a army_n himself_o he_o say_v against_o a_o strong_a enemy_n a_o consul_n be_v send_v with_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n and_o that_o be_v as_o he_o explain_v himself_o in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n two_o legion_n of_o roman_n with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o ally_n now_o i_o beseech_v you_o hear_v he_o speak_v for_o himself_o and_o first_o in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o say_v that_o the_o legion_n must_v consist_v of_o six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o foot_n and_o seven_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o horse_n second_o in_o this_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n he_o make_v four_o legion_n of_o the_o roman_a and_o ally_n foot_n to_o be_v but_o twenty_o thousand_o which_o by_o his_o own_o rule_n shall_v have_v be_v twenty_o four_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o for_o his_o word_n former_o be_v that_o no_o legion_n shall_v be_v under_o six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o and_o those_o heavy_a arm_v too_o and_o whereas_o by_o his_o own_o appointment_n in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n every_o legion_n shall_v have_v have_v seven_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o horse_n more_o than_o any_o other_o author_n allow_v in_o this_o chapter_n he_o increase_v their_o number_n to_o one_o thousand_o for_o he_o order_v the_o horse_n of_o four_o legion_n to_o be_v full_a four_o thousand_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n four_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o below_o and_o the_o horse_n one_o thousand_o ninety_o six_o above_o his_o own_o allowance_n you_o see_v how_o vegetius_n clash_v with_o vegetius_n it_o be_v not_o i_o that_o quarrel_n with_o he_o in_o the_o second_o place_n he_o say_v if_o a_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o fierce_a nation_n rebel_v rebel_v against_o who_o certain_o he_o mean_v against_o the_o roman_n but_o how_o can_v they_o rebel_v before_o they_o profess_v to_o be_v subject_a assure_o these_o fierce_a nation_n he_o speak_v of_o swear_v neither_o fealty_n nor_o homage_n to_o romulus_n nor_o rome_n when_o inadvertency_n his_o inadvertency_n he_o first_o found_v it_o if_o they_o defend_v themselves_o so_o long_o as_o they_o can_v from_o the_o dominion_n of_o stranger_n they_o do_v what_o nature_n command_v they_o and_o be_v no_o rebel_n he_o will_v find_v spain_n itself_o after_o long_a and_o bloody_a war_n never_o reduce_v to_o a_o province_n till_o augustus_n time_n you_o see_v what_o word_n his_o inadvertency_n prompt_v he_o to_o utter_v in_o this_o case_n of_o a_o great_a rebellion_n he_o say_v two_o consul_n with_o the_o army_n be_v join_v together_o with_o a_o command_n to_o look_v to_o it_o that_o the_o commonwealth_n suffer_v no_o damage_n but_o this_o command_n be_v give_v many_o time_n when_o two_o consul_n do_v not_o nor_o need_v not_o bring_v their_o force_n together_o three_o you_o have_v hear_v he_o aver_v that_o in_o the_o great_a war_n which_o the_o roman_a state_n manage_v their_o great_a army_n consist_v of_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n twenty_o four_o thousand_o in_o all_o and_o that_o two_o of_o those_o army_n join_v together_o make_v of_o both_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o combatant_n do_v suffice_v in_o the_o great_a danger_n true_o vegetius_n if_o hannibal_n have_v be_v alive_a story_n his_o contradiction_n of_o roman_a story_n when_o you_o write_v this_o he_o can_v have_v inform_v you_o that_o he_o force_v your_o master_n the_o roman_n to_o join_v two_o such_o army_n and_o more_o before_o ever_o they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o those_o fierce_a nation_n you_o speak_v of_o except_o a_o few_o spaniard_n and_o the_o cisalpine_a or_o italian_a gaul_n unless_o you_o take_v the_o sicilian_n and_o carthaginian_n to_o be_v those_o fierce_a nation_n with_o the_o
first_o whereof_o they_o quarrel_v and_o invade_v they_o and_o with_o the_o second_o break_v peace_n without_o either_o regard_n to_o justice_n or_o sense_n of_o honour_n but_o tell_v i_o have_v the_o two_o consul_n at_o cannae_n no_o more_o but_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o roman_n and_o ally_n read_v polybius_n his_o four_o book_n you_o will_v see_v they_o have_v eight_o legion_n of_o roman_n and_o as_o many_o ally_n at_o five_o thousand_o foot_n each_o legion_n and_o three_o hundred_o horse_n and_o these_o extend_v to_o eighty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o seven_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o horse_n reckon_v the_o ally_n cavalry_n double_a that_o of_o the_o roman_n read_v livy_n twenty_o second_o book_n you_o will_v see_v hannibal_n kill_v at_o that_o same_o battle_n forty_o five_o thousand_o roman_a foot_n and_o two_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o horse_n beside_o ally_n and_o the_o same_o historian_n will_v tell_v you_o in_o plain_a language_n that_o the_o roman_a army_n at_o that_o place_n consist_v of_o fourscore_o and_o seven_o thousand_o fight_a man_n and_o before_o hannibal_n enter_v italy_n have_v the_o roman_n no_o strong_a army_n against_o the_o gaul_n than_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o man_n yes_o both_o polybius_n and_o livy_n will_v tell_v you_o of_o far_o great_a number_n read_v in_o other_o history_n whether_o marius_n have_v but_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o roman_n against_o the_o fierce_a nation_n of_o the_o cimbrian_o and_o the_o teutones_n how_o vain_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v then_o for_o a_o author_n of_o vegetius_n his_o reputation_n to_o aver_v that_o against_o the_o mighty_a enemy_n two_o consular_a army_n each_o of_o twenty_o four_o thousand_o man_n be_v sufficient_a against_o the_o current_n of_o history_n four_o he_o lay_v it_o down_o for_o a_o unquestionable_a truth_n that_o one_o consul_n vegetius_n a_o bold_a assertion_n of_o vegetius_n have_v never_o more_o than_o two_o legion_n of_o roman_n and_o as_o many_o of_o the_o ally_n against_o the_o most_o powerful_a enemy_n be_v please_v to_o hear_v his_o own_o word_n in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n in_o omnibus_fw-la auctoribus_fw-la invenitur_fw-la singulos_fw-la consules_a adversus_fw-la host_n copiâ—sissimos_fw-la non_fw-la amplius_fw-la quam_fw-la binas_fw-la duxisse_fw-la legiones_fw-la additis_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la seciorum_fw-la in_o all_o author_n say_v he_o it_o be_v find_v that_o every_o consul_n never_o lead_v more_o against_o the_o most_o numerous_a enemy_n than_o two_o legion_n with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o ally_n and_o that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v say_v he_o have_v write_v so_o manifest_a a_o untruth_n without_o a_o reason_n he_o add_v tanta_fw-la in_o illis_fw-la erat_fw-la exercitatio_fw-la tanta_fw-la fiducia_fw-la ut_fw-la cuivis_fw-la bello_fw-la dua_fw-la legiones_fw-la crederentur_fw-la sufficere_fw-la they_o be_v so_o well_o train_v and_o have_v so_o great_a confidence_n that_o two_o legion_n be_v think_v to_o be_v 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eleven_o at_o pharsalia_n beside_o a_o world_n of_o auxiliary_n and_o there_o caesar_n have_v eight_o and_o at_o brundisium_n when_o he_o be_v in_o pursuit_n of_o the_o fly_a senate_n he_o have_v twelve_o legion_n thus_o we_o see_v that_o great_a caesar_n the_o most_o dare_a consul_n that_o ever_o be_v think_v not_o two_o legion_n sufficient_a against_o any_o enemy_n or_o in_o any_o war._n before_o his_o time_n the_o two_o consul_n marius_n and_o scipio_n join_v their_o army_n together_o against_o the_o cimbrian_o and_o scipio_n marius_n and_o scipio_n as_o florus_n tell_v we_o lose_v in_o the_o battle_n eighty_o thousand_o roman_n and_o forty_o thousand_o servant_n and_o baggage-man_n sure_a in_o these_o two_o consular_a army_n there_o be_v four_o legion_n four_o time_n tell_v and_o the_o same_o author_n say_v that_o mark_n anthony_n the_o triumvir_n enter_v media_n with_o eighteen_o legion_n and_o sixteen_o thousand_o horse_n all_o these_o consul_n and_o their_o legate_n live_v 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and_o camillus_n take_v four_o to_o himself_o each_o consist_v of_o 4_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o foot_n and_o three_o hundred_o horse_n thus_o we_o see_v not_o only_o that_o a_o consular_a army_n have_v four_o roman_a legion_n in_o it_o a_o thing_n deny_v by_o vegetius_n but_o a_o praetorian_a one_o have_v four_o to_o which_o our_o author_n allow_v but_o one_o you_o may_v read_v this_o in_o livy_n seven_o book_n and_o in_o that_o same_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o consul_n popilius_n lenus_fw-la march_v with_o four_o full_a legion_n against_o the_o enemy_n lenus_fw-la popilius_n lenus_fw-la leave_v a_o considerable_a army_n at_o rome_n to_o wait_v on_o all_o hazard_n in_o his_o six_o book_n he_o say_v old_a camillus_n who_o defeat_v the_o gaul_n march_v with_o four_o legion_n against_o camillus_n old_a camillus_n the_o volscian_n one_o instance_n more_o which_o may_v serve_v to_o decide_v the_o question_n if_o there_o be_v any_o the_o same_o historian_n in_o his_o second_o book_n inform_v we_o that_o the_o dictator_n marcus_n valerius_n levy_v and_o enroll_v ten_o legion_n whereof_o he_o give_v valerius_n marcus_n valerius_n three_o to_o every_o consul_n and_o keep_v four_o to_o himself_o observe_v that_o at_o that_o time_n the_o latin_n be_v ally_n and_o levy_v their_o proportion_n as_o many_o foot_n as_o the_o roman_n do_v and_o twice_o as_o many_o horse_n if_o not_o more_o of_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o observe_v also_o that_o in_o those_o time_n the_o roman_a seignory_n be_v of_o no_o large_a extent_n for_o livy_n speak_v of_o these_o levy_n of_o valerius_n say_v so_o many_o legion_n be_v never_o levy_v before_o he_o mean_v never_o at_o one_o time_n these_o be_v sufficient_a enough_o to_o prove_v vegetius_n to_o have_v be_v too_o confident_a when_o he_o say_v that_o never_a roman_a consul_n conduct_v more_o than_o two_o roman_a legion_n even_o against_o the_o most_o numerous_a enemy_n but_o he_o be_v in_o no_o danger_n for_o all_o
physician_n who_o be_v ordain_v for_o their_o cure_n he_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o the_o chariot_n cart_n wagon_n and_o packhorse_n of_o all_o the_o mechanic_n instrument_n for_o cut_v and_o prepare_v timber_n and_o wood_n and_o ordnance_n lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o ordnance_n other_o matter_n for_o make_v warlike_a machine_n and_o the_o engine_n themselves_o all_o this_o seem_v to_o make_v this_o officer_n to_o be_v the_o lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o roman_a artillery_n the_o praefectus_fw-la fabrorum_fw-la be_v he_o who_o most_o resemble_v our_o modern_a master_n of_o artillery_n praefectus_fw-la fabrorum_fw-la or_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n the_o ordnance_n or_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n for_o it_o be_v he_o who_o have_v the_o prime_a care_n of_o the_o armamentarium_fw-la or_o magazine_n in_o which_o be_v ordinary_o not_o only_a store_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o arm_n and_o engine_n for_o expugnation_n and_o propugnation_n of_o town_n and_o strong_a hold_n 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do_v i_o find_v that_o either_o of_o those_o two_o great_a captain_n have_v a_o legate_n for_o each_o legion_n that_o fight_v at_o pharsalia_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o perhaps_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o augustus_n there_o be_v a_o legate_n for_o every_o province_n and_o it_o may_v be_v a_o legate_n or_o more_o for_o every_o army_n beside_o in_o every_o army_n there_o be_v a_o quaestor_n he_o be_v the_o treasurer_n keep_v the_o casâ—â—_n treasurer_n questor_n or_o treasurer_n pay_v the_o army_n distribute_v the_o wheat_n to_o the_o man_n and_o the_o barley_n to_o the_o hoâ—ses_n to_o he_o be_v deliver_v all_o the_o pillage_n that_o be_v take_v from_o the_o enemy_n eitherin_o village_n town_n or_o camp_n he_o sell_v it_o all_o and_o out_o of_o the_o money_n give_v either_o the_o army_n their_o wage_n or_o donative_n according_a as_o he_o have_v order_n from_o the_o consul_n who_o direction_n he_o be_v bind_v punctual_o to_o obey_v though_o the_o power_n and_o command_v 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which_o we_o have_v describe_v in_o this_o and_o the_o forego_n chapter_n have_v the_o name_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n and_o that_o vegetius_n make_v a_o praetorian_a army_n to_o be_v but_o half_a the_o number_n of_o the_o consular_a one_o yet_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o bring_v instance_n from_o history_n to_o prove_v that_o great_a arâ—â—es_n than_o these_o consist_v of_o four_o legion_n have_v be_v command_v not_o only_o by_o conful_n but_o by_o â—roâ—â—â—â—uls_n praetor_n and_o proprator_n in_o several_a of_o the_o roman_a war_n the_o chief_a commander_n of_o the_o army_n when_o he_o be_v to_o march_v from_o the_o city_n expedition_n the_o consul_n state_n when_o he_o go_v to_o any_o expedition_n be_v oblige_v to_o sacrifice_v in_o the_o capitol_n and_o there_o to_o take_v his_o auspex_n the_o foreboding_a omen_n or_o as_o philemon_n holland_n call_v they_o the_o oss_n of_o his_o good_a fortune_n in_o that_o expedition_n and_o then_o he_o ride_v out_o of_o the_o city_n in_o 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make_v his_o vow_n sacrifice_n and_o go_v out_o of_o the_o city_n in_o pomp_n according_a to_o the_o accustom_a manner_n but_o for_o all_o we_o have_v say_v of_o roman_a army_n we_o see_v not_o yet_o where_o the_o velite_n neglect_v velite_n neglect_v be_v marshal_v nor_o how_o they_o fight_v we_o must_v believe_v that_o which_o be_v most_o probable_a that_o they_o be_v marshal_v behind_o the_o triarii_n and_o that_o they_o march_v through_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o heavy_a arm_v to_o the_o van_n and_o fight_v there_o till_o they_o do_v either_o beat_v the_o enemy_n or_o be_v beat_v by_o he_o back_o to_o the_o rear_n if_o any_o desire_n to_o see_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n he_o may_v meet_v with_o one_o of_o they_o in_o terduzzi_n his_o book_n of_o the_o ancient_a and_o modern_a machine_n and_o another_o in_o lipsius_n his_o commentary_n on_o polybius_n each_o after_o the_o fancy_n
consul_n be_v to_o storm_n a_o wedg_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v a_o phalange_n condense_v only_o small_a at_o the_o point_n than_o at_o the_o rest_n of_o its_o dimension_n and_o he_o may_v have_v call_v it_o a_o testudâ—_fw-la or_o tortoise_n if_o he_o have_v please_v for_o they_o stand_v all_o cover_v with_o their_o shield_n and_o great_a target_n which_o represent_v the_o tortoise_n cover_v with_o its_o shell_n give_v that_o figure_n of_o battle_n its_o denomination_n the_o globe-battel_n be_v a_o batallion_n that_o appear_v to_o be_v of_o a_o round_a figure_n and_o ring-figure_n globe_n or_o ring-figure_n if_o it_o be_v perfect_o round_a the_o english_a have_v word_v it_o well_o in_o call_v it_o a_o ring_n i_o find_v it_o often_o mention_v in_o modern_a than_o in_o ancient_a story_n i_o shall_v think_v those_o who_o use_v it_o be_v on_o the_o defensive_a for_o man_n stand_v in_o a_o perfect_a globefigure_v can_v neither_o pursue_v nor_o run_v away_o without_o break_v their_o order_n and_o figure_n of_o their_o battle_n and_o so_o unglobe_n or_o unr_v themselves_o mr._n elton_n give_v we_o its_o figure_n and_o tell_v we_o right_o ingenious_o how_o it_o be_v make_v but_o sure_o it_o be_v not_o feasible_a for_o great_a body_n to_o cast_v themselves_o into_o that_o figure_n i_o incline_v to_o their_o opinion_n who_o think_v it_o be_v but_o a_o wedg_n of_o a_o lesser_a body_n and_o be_v small_a seem_v more_o circular_a and_o i_o the_o rather_o think_v so_o because_o caesar_n in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o alexandrinâ—_n war_n say_v that_o domitius_n one_o of_o his_o legate_n save_v a_o legion_n by_o cast_v it_o in_o a_o ring_n when_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o army_n be_v rout_v at_o nicopâ—lis_n by_o pharnaces_n for_o if_o that_o legion_n have_v be_v in_o a_o perfect_a round_a figure_n it_o can_v not_o have_v retire_v as_o it_o do_v from_o he_o who_o by_o his_o victory_n be_v master_n of_o the_o field_n the_o tenaille_n tongue_n or_o shears_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o reverse_n of_o the_o wedg_n â—ongs_n tenaille_fw-fr or_o â—ongs_n and_o be_v to_o be_v use_v only_o against_o it_o for_o whereas_o the_o wedg_n be_v sharp_a at_o the_o point_n to_o pierce_v any_o batallion_n that_o stand_v against_o it_o so_o the_o tenaille_n open_v its_o arm_n to_o receive_v and_o embrace_v the_o wedg_n have_v its_o bulk_n notwithstanding_o behind_o to_o oppose_v it_o if_o it_o can_v not_o be_v break_v by_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o tenaille_n and_o a_o squadron_n may_v very_o soon_o cast_v itself_o in_o a_o tenaille_n either_o by_o advance_v its_o two_o flank_n the_o body_n stand_v â—ied_v farm_n or_o yet_o by_o make_v the_o middle_a part_n against_o which_o the_o point_n of_o the_o wedg_n prepare_v retire_v a_o little_a both_o the_o flank_n stand_v still_o either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o way_n make_v the_o squadron_n a_fw-fr tenaille_fw-fr the_o saw_n be_v a_o great_a batallion_n compose_v of_o several_a squadron_n all_o marshal_v saw_n the_o saw_n in_o the_o form_n of_o wedge_n the_o angular_a point_n of_o which_o wedge_n represent_v the_o tooth_n of_o the_o see_v and_o the_o body_n of_o the_o several_a wedge_n stand_v in_o a_o direct_a line_n represent_v the_o body_n of_o the_o saw_n some_o have_v write_v that_o the_o several_a maniple_n of_o a_o roman_a legion_n do_v represent_v the_o saw_n take_v the_o body_n of_o the_o maniple_n for_o the_o tooth_n and_o the_o interval_n for_o the_o body_n of_o the_o saw_n but_o how_o can_v that_o be_v for_o the_o body_n of_o the_o maniple_n and_o the_o several_a interval_n between_o these_o body_n be_v all_o of_o one_o equal_a front_n and_o so_o be_v not_o the_o tooth_n and_o body_n of_o a_o saw_n and_o unless_o these_o maniple_n have_v be_v make_v a_o little_o sharp_a at_o the_o front_n than_o of_o either_o ten_o or_o twelve_o man_n the_o resemblance_n will_v not_o have_v hold_v we_o do_v not_o read_v that_o the_o roman_n use_v it_o at_o all_o chap._n xix_o of_o some_o custom_n use_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o ancient_a nation_n before_o in_o the_o time_n of_o and_o after_o their_o battle_n the_o grecians_n sing_v a_o hymn_n and_o a_o paan_n both_o before_o and_o after_o their_o battle_n but_o before_o they_o begin_v unless_o they_o be_v surprise_v they_o offer_v sacrifice_n sacrifice_n sacrifice_n to_o such_o of_o their_o god_n and_o goddess_n as_o either_o they_o hope_v will_v be_v for_o they_o or_o fear_v may_v be_v against_o they_o the_o inspection_n of_o the_o entrail_n of_o the_o sacrifice_a beast_n be_v a_o ordinary_a thing_n with_o the_o greek_n as_o all_o their_o historian_n tell_v we_o nor_o be_v this_o custom_n peculiar_a to_o they_o for_o the_o enemy_n of_o mankind_n be_v worship_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o grecians_n before_o the_o roman_n come_v to_o the_o battle_n they_o be_v somewhat_o nice_a in_o observe_v how_o the_o sacred_a pullet_n do_v eat_v their_o allowance_n which_o furnish_v a_o fair_a occasion_n to_o the_o chicken-master_n to_o usurp_v a_o power_n to_o persuade_v or_o dissuade_v the_o consul_n from_o fight_v when_o they_o please_v instead_o of_o these_o in_o our_o modern_a war_n before_o the_o battle_n the_o turk_n with_o great_a devotion_n attend_v the_o sight_n of_o the_o new_a moon_n and_o both_o he_o and_o other_o mahometan_n howl_v loud_a enough_o to_o their_o impostor_n who_o be_v otherwise_o so_o take_v up_o that_o he_o have_v no_o leisure_n to_o hear_v their_o habbling_n christians_n either_o humble_o offer_v or_o shall_v humble_o offer_v the_o sacrifice_n of_o their_o prayer_n to_o the_o true_a god_n who_o give_v victory_n to_o who_o he_o please_v in_o the_o primitive_a time_n they_o sing_v a_o paan_n and_o a_o hymn_n crux_fw-la vâ—cit_fw-la after_o the_o heathen_n think_v they_o have_v make_v their_o deity_n propitious_a their_o chieftain_n labdure_v to_o encourage_v their_o army_n with_o good_a word_n speech_n oration_n and_o promise_v of_o reward_n their_o speech_n be_v sometime_o premeditate_v and_o sometime_o extemporary_a the_o roman_a general_n use_v to_o harangue_n harangues_fw-fr harangues_fw-fr their_o army_n when_o they_o be_v to_o promalgate_v new_a ordinance_n to_o punish_v grievous_a crime_n or_o to_o fight_v with_o a_o enemy_n sometime_o in_o the_o camp_n and_o sometime_o in_o the_o field_n and_o all_o this_o be_v also_o do_v by_o other_o nation_n though_o it_o may_v be_v not_o so_o well_o when_o the_o roman_a general_n resolve_v either_o to_o fight_v or_o offer_v battle_n they_o cause_v arms._n the_o scarlet_a â—r_o purple_a coat_n of_o arms._n a_o scarlet_a or_o purple_a coat_n of_o arm_n to_o be_v hang_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o a_o long_a spear_n at_o their_o praetorium_n or_o pavilion_n and_o this_o be_v signum_fw-la pugna_fw-la the_o sign_n of_o battle_n and_o then_o every_o one_o prepare_v himself_o for_o his_o proper_a work_n but_o before_o that_o for_o most_o part_n the_o soldier_n have_v direction_n to_o refresh_v themselves_o with_o sleep_n and_o meat_n and_o this_o indeed_o be_v well_o do_v of_o they_o but_o they_o be_v not_o the_o only_a refreshment_n refreshment_n man_n who_o do_v it_o other_o nation_n use_v it_o particular_o we_o read_v that_o hannibal_n practise_v it_o at_o treâ—ia_n for_o there_o he_o order_v his_o army_n the_o night_n before_o he_o fight_v to_o take_v their_o rest_n and_o refreshment_n and_o next_o morning_n set_v upon_o the_o roman_n when_o they_o be_v fast_v to_o which_o livy_n in_o his_o twenty_o first_o book_n most_o attribute_n his_o victory_n after_o these_o thing_n the_o army_n be_v marshal_v in_o the_o field_n whereof_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v sufficient_o be_v ready_a to_o come_v to_o the_o shock_n the_o tessera_fw-la or_o word_n be_v give_v which_o word_n the_o tessera_fw-la or_o word_n all_o both_o officer_n and_o common_a soldier_n receive_v that_o by_o it_o they_o may_v know_v one_o another_o and_o so_o discern_v a_o enemy_n the_o tessera_fw-la be_v either_o one_o word_n or_o one_o sentence_n as_o foelicitas_fw-la libertas_n venus_n genetrix_fw-la one_o of_o julius_n caesar_n optima_fw-la mater_fw-la give_v by_o nero_n the_o worst_a of_o son_n among_o the_o emperor_n after_o their_o conversion_n to_o the_o faith_n deus_fw-la nobiscum_fw-la god_n with_o we_o be_v ordinary_a and_o so_o it_o continue_v to_o be_v often_o use_v among_o the_o german_a danish_a and_o swedish_n army_n next_o to_o the_o word_n be_v the_o shout_n and_o this_o either_o be_v not_o or_o shall_v not_o be_v raise_v till_o the_o army_n be_v at_o that_o distance_n that_o they_o can_v immediate_o come_v to_o blow_n this_o be_v do_v to_o encourage_v their_o own_o man_n shout_n baritus_n or_o shout_n and_o terrify_v their_o enemy_n livius_n in_o his_o four_o book_n inform_v we_o that_o where_o this_o cry_n or_o shout_n be_v very_o loud_o
shrill_a and_o continue_v without_o interruption_n it_o be_v interpret_v to_o be_v a_o certain_a sign_n of_o victory_n but_o if_o it_o be_v dead_a cold_a and_o unequal_a often_o begin_v and_o often_o interrupt_v it_o bewray_v fear_n and_o discouragement_n and_o portend_v ruin_n and_o destruction_n it_o be_v use_v by_o all_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o word_n baritus_n whereby_o historian_n express_v it_o be_v borrow_v from_o the_o ancient_a german_n who_o cry_n they_o say_v sound_v like_o the_o pronunciation_n of_o that_o word_n they_o cry_v no_o more_o after_o they_o come_v to_o the_o medley_n else_o it_o will_v have_v hinder_v they_o from_o hear_v the_o command_n of_o their_o officer_n either_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n or_o the_o trumpet_n though_o the_o loud_a noise_n of_o cannon_n and_o musket_n in_o our_o modern_a war_n may_v seem_v reason_n enough_o to_o suppress_v this_o ancient_a custom_n of_o shout_v yet_o it_o neither_o aught_o to_o be_v nor_o yet_o be_v it_o banish_v out_o of_o our_o army_n the_o german_n french_a dane_n and_o swede_n in_o their_o advance_n and_o before_o they_o give_v fire_n have_v their_o ca_fw-mi ca_fw-mi oâ—_n and_o no_o doubt_n with_o a_o advance_n a_o stroâ—t_a heat_n and_o inflame_v the_o blood_n and_o help_v to_o encourage_v the_o late_a usurper_n and_o his_o army_n make_v but_o too_o good_a use_n of_o it_o these_o thing_n be_v previous_a to_o a_o battle_n first_o the_o purple_a coat_n of_o arm_n at_o the_o consul_n pavilion_n second_o the_o exhortation_n or_o harangue_n three_o the_o marshal_n the_o army_n four_o the_o word_n or_o teâ—â—â—â—a_n five_o the_o classiâ—â—â—_n and_o last_o this_o shout_n or_o baritus_n of_o the_o first_o five_o that_o be_v ordinary_o practise_v caesar_n speak_v in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o gallic_a war_n as_o necessary_a for_o when_o he_o be_v almost_o surprise_v by_o the_o nervian_o he_o write_v thus_o caesar_n say_v he_o of_o himself_o have_v all_o thing_n to_o 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prisoner_n at_o cannae_n who_o they_o injustice_n it_o be_v cruelty_n and_o injustice_n will_v neither_o ransom_n out_o of_o the_o public_a pâ—rse_n nor_o suffer_v the_o prisoner_n themselves_o or_o their_o friend_n to_o ransom_n out_o of_o their_o private_a fortune_n and_o estate_n and_o though_o the_o senate_n flatter_v themselves_o by_o call_v this_o act_n of_o their_o own_o magnanimous_a yet_o since_o there_o be_v no_o justice_n in_o it_o it_o can_v carry_v no_o generosity_n along_o with_o it_o for_o if_o these_o captive_n roman_n misbehave_a themselves_o in_o the_o battle_n the_o senate_n be_v bouâ—d_v in_o honour_n to_o ransom_n they_o and_o punish_v they_o themselves_o and_o not_o suffer_v they_o to_o rot_v in_o prison_n with_o their_o capital_a enemy_n assure_o this_o action_n want_v for_o neither_o avarice_n nor_o cruelty_n for_o strange_a it_o be_v thus_o to_o punish_v common_a soldier_n and_o yet_o to_o send_v out_o some_o principal_a senator_n to_o meet_v and_o compliment_v their_o hare-brained_a conful_n teremiâ—â—_n vaâ—â—_n and_o thank_v he_o that_o he_o have_v not_o despair_v of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o yet_o by_o his_o obstinate_a and_o inexcusable_a folly_n he_o have_v bring_v the_o commonwealth_n to_o the_o very_a brink_n of_o destruction_n and_o why_o may_v not_o hannibal_n have_v use_v these_o roman_a prisoner_n as_o livy_n in_o his_o seven_o book_n tell_v we_o the_o roman_n use_v some_o thousand_o of_o the_o tarquinian_a prisoner_n unjust_a a_o merciless_a act_n of_o the_o roman_n yet_o not_o unjust_a of_o who_o they_o choose_v 358_o of_o the_o prime_a nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n all_o these_o they_o first_o whip_v well_o with_o rod_n and_o then_o strike_v off_o their_o head_n in_o the_o great_a marketplace_n of_o rome_n and_o present_o after_o put_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o prisoner_n to_o the_o sword_n in_o cold_a blood_n though_o this_o be_v a_o very_a merciless_a act_n yet_o by_o the_o law_n of_o war_n they_o may_v do_v it_o and_o so_o may_v hannibal_n have_v do_v to_o their_o prisoner_n and_o true_o i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o he_o can_v be_v oblige_v to_o â—eed_v those_o who_o their_o own_o master_n will_v not_o ransom_n let_v we_o hear_v what_o opinion_n polybâ—â—s_n have_v of_o prisoner_n of_o war_n who_o be_v a_o grave_a use_v polybius_n his_o opinion_n how_o prisoner_n of_o war_n may_v be_v use_v historian_n a_o great_a statesman_n and_o a_o good_a captain_n in_o his_o second_o book_n speak_v of_o aristomachuâ—_n who_o be_v a_o prisoner_n of_o war_n be_v torture_v to_o death_n he_o say_v on_o that_o subject_n that_o neither_o antigonâ—â—_n king_n of_o macedon_n nor_o aratus_n praetor_n of_o the_o achâ—ans_n can_v be_v call_v cruel_a for_o put_v a_o captive_n to_o death_n with_o torment_n for_o though_o aristomachus_n have_v not_o deserve_v that_o usage_n otherwise_o yet_o they_o may_v have_v do_v all_o to_o he_o that_o be_v donâ—_n â—ure_n belli_n for_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o war_n give_v the_o conqueror_n power_n to_o use_v his_o prisoner_n at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o the_o same_o author_n speak_v of_o the_o mantimans_fw-la who_o be_v just_o punish_v for_o their_o abominable_a perfidy_n and_o ingratitude_n in_o slaughter_v those_o achaans_n who_o be_v send_v to_o preserve_v they_o he_o say_v express_o that_o though_o they_o have_v commit_v no_o such_o wickedness_n nor_o any_o other_o crime_n at_o all_o yet_o the_o victor_n in_o war_n jure_fw-la belli_n may_v have_v either_o kill_v they_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n or_o sell_v they_o for_o slave_n at_o his_o pleasure_n thus_o far_o he_o but_o this_o power_n of_o victorious_a prince_n or_o general_n over_o the_o good_n person_n and_o live_v of_o their_o prisoner_n be_v limit_v and_o restrain_v by_o treaty_n parley_n treaty_n treaty_n capitulation_n and_o article_n to_o the_o strict_a observance_n whereof_o simple_o and_o without_o fraud_n or_o ambiguity_n all_o man_n of_o what_o station_n rank_n or_o quality_n whatsoever_o or_o of_o what_o religion_n or_o persuasion_n soever_o be_v he_o jew_n or_o gâ—mile_n grâ—cian_n or_o barbarian_a christian_a or_o mahometan_a be_v tie_v because_o faith_n and_o promise_n treaty_n article_n and_o promise_n shall_v be_v faithful_o kepâ—_n no_o enemy_n to_o be_v trust_v in_o time_n of_o treaty_n be_v the_o sacred_a and_o indissoluble_a bond_n which_o maintain_v humane_a society_n and_o whosoever_o break_v they_o on_o any_o pretence_n shall_v be_v look_v on_o as_o a_o monster_n and_o not_o as_o a_o man._n in_o the_o time_n of_o treaty_n both_o party_n who_o treat_v aught_o to_o be_v careful_a that_o a_o cessation_n of_o arm_n be_v agree_v on_o and_o sign_v by_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a of_o both_o force_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o field_n town_n castle_n or_o garrison_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v on_o their_o guard_n for_o fear_v of_o â—oul_a play_n or_o some_o unexpected_a rapture_n of_o the_o treaty_n for_o both_o in_o ancient_n and_o 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voluntary_a death_n rid_v themselves_o from_o all_o fear_n and_o danger_n and_o rob_v their_o enemy_n of_o the_o glory_n of_o their_o captivity_n thus_o saul_n king_n of_o israel_n desire_v his_o armour-bearer_n to_o kill_v he_o and_o because_o he_o will_v not_o he_o do_v it_o himself_o that_o he_o may_v not_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o uncircumcised_a thus_o virius_n vibius_n persuade_v seventy_o capuan_a senator_n to_o sup_v with_o he_o and_o every_o one_o of_o they_o to_o drink_v a_o draught_n of_o poison_n to_o shun_v the_o rod_n and_o axe_n of_o the_o roman_a conqueror_n thus_o the_o great_a hannibal_n poison_v himself_o that_o the_o treacherous_a king_n of_o prussia_n may_v not_o deliver_v he_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o implacable_a enemy_n the_o roman_n thus_o brutus_n and_o cassius_n dispatch_v themselves_o that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v grateful_a and_o welcome_a spectacle_n to_o anthony_n and_o octavius_n caesar_n thus_o cato_n make_v utica_n catoni_fw-la victrix_n caâ—sa_fw-la diis_fw-la placuit_fw-la sed_fw-la victa_fw-la catoni_fw-la famous_a by_o pull_v out_o his_o own_o bowel_n that_o he_o may_v not_o be_v behold_v for_o his_o life_n to_o merciful_a caesar_n thus_o scapula_n to_o shun_v the_o same_o caesar_n just_a resentment_n for_o his_o sedition_n cause_v a_o huge_a pile_n of_o burnt-wood_n to_o be_v heap_v up_o sup_v plentiful_o take_v nard_n or_o spikenard_n and_o rosin_n inward_o and_o then_o command_v a_o slave_n to_o kindle_v the_o fire_n and_o to_o throw_v he_o in_o it_o after_o his_o free_a servant_n have_v at_o his_o entreaty_n cut_v his_o throat_n thus_o mark_v anthony_n and_o his_o beautiful_a and_o belove_a cleopatra_n open_v to_o themselves_o two_o several_a door_n of_o death_n that_o they_o may_v not_o assist_v at_o augustus_n his_o triumphal_a entrance_n into_o rome_n thus_o vaodicea_n queen_n of_o the_o briton_n choose_v rather_o to_o poison_v herself_o than_o be_v the_o object_n of_o the_o roman_n contempt_n to_o 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much_o contribute_v
hundred_o but_o in_o aemilius_n his_o army_n against_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n the_o legion_n be_v of_o six_o thousand_o whereof_o the_o triâ—rii_n according_a to_o polybius_n be_v only_o six_o hundred_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la must_v have_v consist_v each_o of_o two_o thousand_o and_o the_o velite_n must_v have_v be_v fourteen_o hundred_o and_o by_o this_o account_n aemilius_n his_o hastati_fw-la will_v have_v possess_v in_o front_n above_o five_o thousand_o foot_n of_o ground_n so_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o hastati_fw-la of_o the_o weak_a consular_a army_n out-winged_a the_o macedonian_a phalange_n and_o thereby_o be_v able_a to_o fall_v upon_o its_o flank_n suppose_v still_o which_o can_v he_o deny_v i_o that_o the_o roman_a cavalry_n give_v the_o grecian_a horse_n work_n enough_o and_o they_o carry_v short_a managable_a arm_n may_v easy_o disorder_v the_o phalangites_n be_v once_o enter_v within_o their_o great_a body_n so_o that_o the_o principes_fw-la 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phalange_n right_o order_v i_o shall_v use_v the_o authority_n of_o polybius_n against_o polybius_n for_o he_o in_o his_o first_o book_n relate_v to_o we_o how_o the_o carthaginian_n in_o the_o first_o punic_a war_n be_v bring_v so_o low_a that_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o accept_v any_o reasonable_a condition_n of_o peace_n till_o they_o give_v the_o command_n of_o their_o force_n to_o zantippus_n a_o lacedaemonian_a that_o have_v come_v out_o of_o greece_n with_o some_o mercenary_a laconian_n and_o be_v one_o of_o those_o who_o in_o this_o age_n be_v call_v soldier_n of_o fortune_n who_o make_v use_n of_o the_o grecian_a rule_n which_o he_o have_v learn_v in_o his_o own_o country_n marshal_v the_o carthaginian_a army_n in_o several_a body_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n each_o to_o second_v another_o add_v the_o help_n of_o his_o elephant_n and_o choose_v the_o most_o champaign_n ground_n he_o can_v extend_v his_o front_n to_o so_o great_a a_o length_n that_o the_o roman_n use_v their_o accustom_a order_n be_v out-winged_a surround_v and_o total_o rout_v by_o he_o and_o the_o consul_n attilius_n regulus_n with_o five_o hundred_o more_o roman_n be_v lead_v captive_a into_o carthage_n here_o xantippus_n mere_o by_o the_o grecian_a art_n of_o war_n worsted_n the_o roman_n who_o make_v use_v of_o their_o own_o art_n but_o i_o will_v go_v a_o great_a length_n may_v not_o we_o imagine_v that_o amilcar_n in_o the_o art_n and_o by_o amilcar_n and_o hannibal_n who_o follow_v xantippus_n his_o art_n pursuance_n of_o that_o first_o punic_a war_n and_o his_o son_n hannibal_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o second_o imitate_a xantippus_n and_o manage_v the_o war_n according_a to_o that_o pattern_n he_o have_v leave_v behind_o he_o i_o suppose_v we_o may_v believe_v it_o if_o this_o do_v not_o prove_v that_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o grecian_a and_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n do_v not_o always_o make_v the_o one_o nation_n victorious_a over_o the_o other_o then_o take_v more_o 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or_o five_o man_n or_o according_a to_o their_o estate_n in_o all_o their_o war_n both_o since_o germany_n manner_n of_o the_o ancient_a levy_n in_o germany_n the_o turk_n become_v their_o unwelcome_a neighbour_n and_o before_o he_o have_v foot_v in_o europe_n it_o be_v not_o above_o fourscore_o and_o ten_o year_n since_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o maximilian_n the_o second_o all_o that_o be_v enrol_v in_o the_o german_a cavalry_n be_v by_o birth_n gentleman_n it_o be_v true_a they_o bring_v some_o of_o they_o one_o some_o two_o and_o some_o three_o with_o they_o who_o wait_v on_o they_o well_o horse_v and_o arm_v for_o who_o they_o receive_v wage_n and_o be_v subject_a to_o article_n of_o war_n but_o these_o be_v call_v in_o their_o language_n einspanneer_v to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o master_n who_o
be_v of_o necessity_n to_o be_v all_o gentleman_n a_o custom_n wear_v clear_a out_o most_o of_o german_a troop_n be_v now_o compose_v of_o einspanneer_n without_o gentleman_n unless_o it_o be_v the_o officer_n and_o not_o all_o of_o they_o neither_o the_o commission_n of_o array_n in_o england_n be_v a_o excellent_a order_n by_o which_o a_o army_n england_n in_o england_n royal_a may_v be_v bring_v together_o either_o for_o defence_n or_o invasion_n in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o levy_n in_o scotland_n as_o we_o be_v tell_v be_v to_o command_v all_o between_o sixteen_o and_o sixty_o year_n of_o age_n to_o appear_v in_o every_o shire_n and_o you_o need_v scotland_n in_o scotland_n not_o doubt_v but_o out_o of_o these_o a_o election_n be_v make_v of_o such_o a_o number_n as_o the_o king_n lieutenant_n think_v â—it_a but_o in_o latter_a time_n a_o far_o better_a and_o more_o expedient_a way_n be_v find_v out_o and_o that_o be_v to_o impose_v the_o raise_v 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conquest_n of_o normandy_n but_o these_o be_v like_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o huns_n lombard_n goth_n and_o vandal_n which_o two_o last_o both_o the_o sweede_n and_o dane_n pretend_v to_o be_v their_o ancestor_n on_o the_o roman_a empire_n the_o like_a of_o such_o a_o election_n or_o levy_n have_v be_v in_o former_a time_n use_v in_o spain_n in_o spain_n spain_n and_o may_v be_v yet_o but_o when_o we_o consider_v that_o it_o have_v be_v often_o drain_v of_o man_n in_o the_o day_n of_o philip_n the_o second_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o war_n in_o italy_n and_o the_o low_a country_n but_o more_o especial_o for_o his_o plantation_n in_o america_n which_o begin_v in_o his_o father_n charles_n the_o five_o time_n and_o continue_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o philip_n the_o three_o and_o the_o four_o we_o must_v conclude_v that_o all_o the_o spanish_a levy_n make_v within_o that_o kingdom_n neither_o be_v nor_o can_v be_v voluntary_a the_o french_a levy_n of_o old_a be_v all_o make_v of_o the_o native_n the_o cavalry_n consist_v of_o the_o nobility_n and_o in_o the_o number_n and_o strength_n of_o a_o cavalry_n france_n surpass_v any_o other_o european_a nation_n charles_n the_o seven_o take_v the_o assistance_n of_o scottish_a foot_n who_o join_v with_o his_o own_o in_o his_o long_a war_n with_o england_n france_n in_o france_n but_o his_o son_n lewis_n the_o eleven_o beside_o the_o scot_n make_v use_v of_o the_o swisser_n who_o have_v at_o that_o time_n acquire_v the_o reputation_n of_o a_o stout_a and_o warlike_a people_n not_o only_o in_o maintain_v their_o liberty_n against_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n but_o in_o a_o bloody_a war_n against_o charles_n the_o warlike_a duke_n of_o burgundy_n who_o they_o defeat_v in_o three_o great_a battle_n in_o the_o last_o whereof_o they_o kill_v himself_o if_o he_o be_v not_o yet_o on_o his_o pilgrimage_n to_o jerusalem_n these_o swisser_n be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o high_o esteem_v of_o by_o lewis_n because_o they_o have_v rout_v and_o undo_v his_o capital_a enemy_n of_o they_o his_o infantry_n be_v most_o compose_v and_o he_o appoint_v some_o thousand_o of_o they_o to_o guard_v his_o person_n as_o his_o father_n have_v appoint_v the_o scot_n to_o guard_v he_o but_o lewis_n keep_v the_o scot_n likewise_o and_o it_o be_v well_o for_o he_o that_o he_o do_v so_o for_o they_o defend_v his_o life_n valiant_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o liege_n when_o the_o inhabitant_n by_o a_o desperate_a sally_n have_v pierce_v through_o the_o burgundian_n army_n even_o to_o his_o lodging_n as_o philip_n of_o comines_n relate_v the_o story_n not_o only_o while_o he_o live_v but_o in_o the_o reign_v of_o his_o son_n charles_n the_o eight_o and_o of_o his_o successor_n lewis_n the_o twelve_o do_v the_o french_a infantry_n consist_v of_o swisser_n but_o francis_n the_o first_o have_v have_v some_o bloody-trial_n of_o the_o infidelity_n of_o these_o mercenary_a soldier_n put_v on_o a_o resolution_n to_o stand_v thereafter_o on_o his_o own_o leg_n and_o not_o on_o those_o of_o stranger_n in_o order_n to_o which_o in_o the_o year_n 1534_o in_o imitation_n of_o the_o roman_n he_o appoint_v to_o be_v levy_v and_o enroll_v seven_o legion_n of_o french_a foot_n each_o french_a legion_n six_o thousand_o each_o which_o make_v up_o a_o gallant_a infantry_n of_o two_o and_o forty_o thousand_o man_n how_o these_o be_v arm_v shall_v be_v tell_v you_o in_o its_o own_o place_n this_o ordinance_n fall_v out_o to_o be_v make_v in_o the_o day_n of_o marshal_n monluc_n who_o seem_v in_o his_o commentary_n rather_o to_o disapprove_v than_o approve_v of_o it_o but_o give_v not_o his_o reason_n i_o suppose_v these_o legion_n be_v keep_v up_o in_o the_o reign_v of_o this_o francis_n who_o be_v the_o instituter_n of_o they_o and_o of_o his_o son_n henry_n the_o second_o but_o if_o i_o have_v observe_v right_a they_o begin_v to_o wear_v out_o in_o the_o reign_v of_o his_o grandchild_n charles_n the_o nine_o and_o henry_n the_o three_o who_o in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o civil_a war_n make_v use_v again_o of_o the_o swisser_n as_o also_o of_o german_n and_o so_o do_v likewise_o the_o protestant_n take_v the_o assistance_n of_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n as_o you_o may_v find_v they_o ordinary_o design_v in_o the_o french_a history_n under_o the_o name_n of_o reuter_n and_o landâ—sknechts_n the_o first_o in_o the_o german_a language_n signify_v rider_n or_o horseman_n the_o second_o country_n fellow_n for_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o the_o german_n compose_v their_o cavalry_n of_o gentleman_n and_o their_o infantry_n except_o the_o officer_n of_o peasant_n in_o the_o seventeen_o province_n both_o before_o they_o become_v all_o subject_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n when_o they_o be_v under_o several_a duke_n and_o earl_n and_o after_o the_o levy_n low-countries_n in_o the_o low-countries_n of_o their_o foot_n be_v impose_v on_o the_o commons_o to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o six_o four_o or_o ten_o man_n according_a to_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o country_n or_o for_o most_o part_n the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o prince_n the_o cavalry_n be_v make_v up_o of_o the_o nobility_n according_a to_o their_o several_a quality_n and_o ability_n and_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o keep_v such_o a_o number_n of_o serviceable_a horse_n and_o arm_n in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n on_o their_o own_o charge_n have_v for_o that_o some_o exemption_n and_o privilege_n of_o no_o great_a consideration_n and_o in_o time_n of_o war_n they_o be_v pay_v with_o some_o small_a wage_n appoint_v at_o the_o first_o form_v their_o militia_n which_o cavalry_n say_v bentivoglio_n use_v to_o be_v of_o a_o high_a repute_n and_o estimation_n but_o now_o say_v he_o not_o be_v compose_v of_o the_o noble_a as_o former_o it_o be_v but_o of_o common_a and_o ignoble_a person_n it_o
be_v fall_v extreme_o from_o its_o ancient_a honour_n and_o dignity_n and_o observe_v that_o this_o cardinal_n write_v this_o long_a ago_o to_o wit_n in_o the_o year_n 1610._o and_o therefore_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o whole_a militia_n of_o these_o province_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n be_v now_o much_o more_o degenerate_v whereof_o our_o eye_n can_v bear_v witness_n the_o great_a turk_n levy_n be_v soon_o make_v for_o the_o raise_v his_o army_n be_v but_o as_o turkey_n in_o turkey_n the_o randezvouze_a of_o we_o all_o the_o member_n of_o his_o force_n by_o land_n be_v one_o way_n or_o other_o in_o his_o pay_n before_o he_o wage_v war_n his_o foot_n i_o mean_v the_o janissary_n be_v breed_v in_o their_o several_a sâ—rails_n and_o seminary_n and_o in_o his_o pay_n his_o spahy_n and_o timariot_n which_o compose_v his_o cavalry_n either_o possess_v land_n for_o which_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o serve_v or_o receive_v weekly_a wage_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n out_o of_o the_o several_a treasury_n through_o his_o empire_n his_o neighbour_n the_o sophi_n of_o persia_n his_o militia_n consist_v of_o cavalry_n most_o persia_n in_o persia_n whereof_z if_o not_o all_o be_v gentleman_n excellent_o well_o horse_v and_o arm_v with_o which_o he_o have_v oft_o grapple_v with_o the_o turk_n army_n consist_v of_o a_o more_o numerous_a cavalry_n beside_o vast_a number_n of_o foot_n and_o a_o great_a train_n of_o artillery_n of_o the_o two_o last_o whereof_o the_o sophi_n be_v destitute_a unless_o it_o be_v of_o very_o late_a year_n the_o second_o kind_n of_o levy_n be_v when_o prince_n and_o state_n impose_v no_o necessity_n on_o levy_n second_o kind_n of_o levy_n their_o subject_n to_o rise_v but_o for_o make_v up_o their_o army_n invite_v by_o trumpet_n and_o drum_n all_o to_o take_v employment_n who_o either_o the_o desire_n of_o honour_n riches_n booty_n pay_v or_o wage_n may_v encourage_v to_o undergo_v their_o service_n and_o this_o be_v that_o kind_n of_o election_n which_o now_o be_v universal_o and_o proper_o enough_o call_v a_o levy_n it_o be_v certain_o the_o only_a voluntary_a election_n because_o the_o party_n elect_v themselves_o without_o describe_v a_o voluntary_a levy_n describe_v the_o constraint_n of_o any_o law_n none_o be_v press_v to_o the_o service_n but_o such_o who_o of_o their_o own_o inclination_n engage_v themselves_o and_o give_v their_o name_n to_o be_v enrol_v by_o this_o kind_n of_o levy_n have_v most_o foreign_a prince_n and_o state_n in_o our_o day_n raise_v their_o army_n the_o manner_n of_o it_o be_v short_o this_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n make_v choice_n of_o colonel_n both_o for_o horse_n and_o foot_n to_o who_o they_o give_v commission_n or_o patent_n to_o raise_v regiment_n of_o such_o a_o number_n of_o company_n and_o such_o a_o number_n of_o man_n in_o each_o company_n or_o troop_n as_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n think_v fit_a to_o this_o purpose_n they_o give_v every_o colonel_n a_o sum_n 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all_o but_o now_o for_o most_o part_n the_o case_n be_v alter_v and_o instead_o of_o curiassier_n we_o have_v harquebusier_n and_o instead_o of_o harquebusier_n we_o have_v horseman_n only_o arm_v offensive_o here_o i_o must_v answer_v a_o objection_n which_o be_v this_o if_o the_o armour_n for_o horseman_n be_v not_o musket-proof_n either_o the_o bullet_n pierce_v through_o or_o beat_v the_o iron_n into_o the_o horsemans_n body_n which_o be_v equal_o dangerous_a and_o if_o it_o be_v proof_n it_o be_v exceed_o troublesome_a to_o both_o man_n and_o horse_n but_o i_o answer_v that_o there_o have_v be_v and_o be_v at_o this_o day_n arm_n make_v that_o be_v proof_n and_o of_o no_o considerable_a weight_n and_o it_o be_v suppose_v a_o curiassier_n shall_v be_v of_o a_o strong_a body_n and_o shall_v ride_v a_o horse_n that_o for_o height_n and_o strength_n shall_v be_v fit_a for_o that_o service_n wherein_o both_o he_o and_o his_o rider_n be_v to_o be_v employ_v as_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o 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in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o the_o other_o end_n lie_v out_o so_o that_o it_o may_v meet_v with_o the_o breast_n of_o a_o horse_n whereby_o a_o body_n of_o musketeer_n be_v defend_v as_o with_o a_o pallisado_n against_o the_o rude_a charge_n of_o a_o squadron_n of_o horse_n which_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n they_o gall_v and_o disorder_n with_o their_o shot_n i_o have_v see_v they_o make_v use_n of_o in_o germany_n and_o before_o i_o leave_v that_o war_n see_v they_o likewise_o wear_v out_o of_o use_n when_o the_o infantry_n by_o several_a regiment_n or_o brigade_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o battle_n and_o the_o pike_n and_o those_o stake_n fix_v in_o the_o ground_n they_o make_v a_o delightful_a show_n represent_v a_o wood_n the_o pike_n resemble_v the_o tall_a
three_o as_o for_o one_o pound_n and_o a_o half_a of_o lead_n one_o pound_n of_o powder_n but_o if_o it_o be_v fine_a half_o will_v serve_v as_o for_o two_o pound_n of_o lead_n one_o pound_n of_o powder_n the_o barrel_n of_o the_o pistol_n may_v be_v two_o foot_n for_o the_o long_a sixteen_o barrel_n it_o be_v barrel_n inch_n for_o the_o short_a the_o french_a use_n lock_v with_o half-bends_a and_o so_o do_v for_o most_o part_n the_o english_a and_o the_o scot_n the_o german_n roar_v or_o wheel-work_n powder_n it_o be_v charge_n of_o powder_n the_o hollander_n make_v use_v of_o both_o if_o the_o chamber_n of_o a_o pistol_n be_v load_v three_o time_n the_o diameter_n of_o she_o bear_v with_o powder_n which_o be_v easy_o measure_v by_o her_o rammer_n she_o have_v her_o due_a charge_n but_o all_o horseman_n shall_v always_o have_v the_o charge_n of_o their_o pistol_n ready_a in_o patrow_v the_o powder_n make_v up_o compact_o in_o paper_n and_o the_o ball_n tie_v to_o it_o with_o a_o piece_n of_o packthread_n the_o carabiner_n carry_v their_o carabine_n in_o bandelier_n of_o leather_n about_o their_o neck_n a_o far_o easy_a way_n than_o long_o ago_o when_o they_o hang_v they_o at_o their_o saddle_n some_o instead_o of_o carabine_n carry_v blunderbuss_n which_o be_v short_a blunderbuss_n blunderbuss_n hand-gun_n of_o a_o great_a bore_n wherein_o they_o may_v put_v several_a pistol_n or_o carabine-ball_n or_o small_a slug_n of_o iron_n i_o do_v believe_v the_o word_n be_v corrupt_v for_o i_o guess_v it_o be_v a_o german_a term_n and_o shall_v be_v donnerbuch_n and_o that_o be_v thunder_a gun_n donner_n signify_v thunder_n and_o buchs_n a_o gun_n chap._n v._o of_o offensive_a arm_n or_o weapon_n use_v by_o the_o infantry_n of_o several_a nation_n i_o have_v say_v before_o that_o the_o foot_n be_v the_o body_n and_o strength_n of_o a_o army_n the_o horse_n be_v place_v on_o its_o side_n or_o flank_n be_v call_v wing_n the_o infantry_n be_v by_o all_o the_o ancient_n 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that_o henry_n the_o eight_o make_v good_a use_n of_o his_o bowman_n in_o his_o war_n in_o france_n when_o he_o besiege_v first_o terouâ—nne_n and_o thereafter_o boulogne_n and_o though_o marshal_n monluc_n speak_v of_o this_o last_o siege_n in_o his_o commentary_n seem_v to_o make_v a_o small_a account_n of_o the_o bow_n yet_o he_o may_v have_v remember_v how_o much_o mischief_n his_o countryman_n have_v receive_v in_o former_a time_n from_o it_o the_o bow_n be_v distinguish_v in_o the_o longbow_n and_o the_o cross-bow_n the_o first_o bow_n the_o long_a bow_n require_v a_o strong_a arm_n either_o so_o by_o nature_n or_o make_v so_o by_o habit_n and_o long_a practice_n it_o be_v without_o doubt_n a_o very_a ancient_a weapon_n and_o universal_o use_v by_o most_o if_o not_o all_o nation_n master_n norton_n in_o his_o practice_n of_o artillery_n think_v it_o be_v use_v before_o the_o general_a deluge_n his_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o almighty_a give_v the_o rainbow_n as_o a_o sign_n that_o he_o will_v not_o destroy_v mankind_n again_o with_o rain_n and_o he_o call_v it_o his_o bow_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o that_o of_o men._n since_o the_o flood_n we_o read_v of_o it_o in_o all_o history_n both_o sacred_a and_o profane_a the_o roman_n of_o all_o nation_n use_v it_o least_o for_o it_o come_v not_o in_o request_n with_o they_o till_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o emperor_n and_o before_o that_o time_n bowes_n be_v use_v only_o by_o their_o auxiliary_n and_o not_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o ally_n whatever_o vegetius_n seem_v to_o say_v to_o the_o contrary_a whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v in_o another_o place_n the_o bow_n be_v now_o in_o europe_n useless_a and_o why_o i_o can_v tell_v since_o it_o be_v certain_a enough_o arrow_n will_v do_v more_o mischief_n now_o than_o former_o they_o do_v since_o neither_o man_n nor_o horse_n be_v so_o well_o arm_v now_o to_o resist_v they_o as_o in_o former_a age_n they_o use_v to_o be_v there_o be_v some_o who_o bring_v reason_n for_o bring_v the_o bow_n reason_n for_o bring_v back_o the_o use_n of_o the_o bow_n bow_n again_o into_o use_n such_o as_o these_o first_o arrow_n exceed_o gall_v horse_n and_o consequent_o disorder_v their_o squadron_n because_o be_v so_o hurt_v they_o will_v not_o be_v manage_v by_o their_o rider_n second_o a_o bowman_n can_v shoot_v many_o more_o arrow_n than_o a_o musketee_a bullet_n three_o all_o the_o rank_n of_o archer_n though_o twenty_o may_v shoot_v their_o arrow_n over_o their_o leader_n head_n with_o equal_a mischief_n to_o a_o enemy_n whereas_o musketeer_n can_v convenient_o but_o deliver_v their_o shot_n by_o one_o rank_n after_o another_o or_o by_o three_o rank_n at_o most_o by_o kneel_v stoop_a and_o stand_v seldom_o practise_v and_o only_o at_o a_o dead_a lift_n these_o reason_n to_o i_o be_v unanswerable_a and_o i_o think_v may_v weigh_v much_o with_o prince_n to_o make_v the_o half_a or_o at_o least_o a_o three_o of_o their_o velite_n to_o be_v archer_n and_o by_o the_o bargain_n they_o may_v save_v much_o money_n expend_v on_o powder_n and_o lead_v but_o to_o they_o and_o free_a state_n belong_v only_o the_o reformation_n of_o abuse_n in_o the_o militia_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o of_o the_o longbow_n than_o that_o it_o have_v be_v a_o offensive_a weapon_n since_o hand-gun_n be_v use_v as_o well_o as_o before_o the_o cross-bow_n require_v but_o little_a strength_n to_o manage_v it_o a_o weapon_n much_o cross-bow_n the_o cross-bow_n use_v in_o france_n when_o fire-gun_n be_v rare_a monluc_n who_o i_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o unquestionable_a author_n inform_v we_o that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o francis_n the_o first_o in_o a_o company_n of_o two_o hundred_o french_a foot_n most_o of_o the_o light_n arm_v be_v cross-bow_n man_n and_o there_o be_v not_o above_o six_o or_o seven_o harquebuse_n among_o they_o all_o and_o all_o along_o in_o his_o commentary_n he_o frequent_o mention_n crossbow_n in_o his_o first_o book_n he_o tell_v we_o how_o he_o make_v a_o retreat_n when_o he_o be_v but_o a_o private_a captain_n from_o some_o imperialist_n and_o he_o say_v when_o his_o cross_a bowman_n have_v spend_v all_o their_o missile_n he_o cause_v they_o to_o draw_v their_o sword_n and_o hold_v they_o in_o their_o right_a hand_n and_o their_o crossbow_n in_o their_o left_a so_o to_o use_v they_o as_o target_n and_o in_o that_o posture_n of_o defence_n he_o say_v he_o get_v off_o though_o with_o some_o loss_n whereat_o we_o need_v not_o wonder_v i_o do_v not_o direct_o find_v the_o time_n of_o the_o harquebuse_n invention_n but_o you_o may_v hâ—rquebass_n the_o hâ—rquebass_n suppose_v since_o they_o be_v so_o rare_a in_o france_n a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n ago_o as_o appear_v by_o monluc_n
not_o see_v brancatio_n but_o terduzzi_n his_o countryman_n for_o they_o be_v both_o italian_n in_o his_o book_n of_o machine_n say_v he_o have_v read_v he_o now_o if_o he_o value_v neither_o his_o opinion_n nor_o his_o reason_n i_o think_v none_o shall_v for_o tâ—rduzzi_n himself_o be_v so_o little_a a_o friend_n to_o the_o pike_n that_o he_o write_v he_o will_v have_v it_o break_v if_o he_o know_v what_o better_a weapon_n to_o put_v in_o its_o room_n out_o of_o he_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o this_o short_a description_n of_o brancatio_n and_o his_o book_n describe_v his_o book_n describe_v the_o title_n of_o his_o book_n be_v this_o of_o the_o true_a art_n of_o war_n whereby_o any_o prince_n may_v not_o only_o resist_v another_o in_o the_o field_n only_o with_o his_o own_o force_n and_o with_o little_a charge_n but_o also_o overcome_v any_o nation_n a_o very_a glorious_a title_n i_o think_v we_o need_v expect_v small_a performance_n from_o so_o vain_a promise_n this_o man_n undertaker_n himself_o a_o great_a undertaker_n will_v prove_v a_o alchemist_n who_o promise_v to_o give_v we_o mountain_n of_o gold_n and_o have_v not_o a_o sixpence_n to_o buy_v his_o own_o dinner_n his_o preface_n make_v up_o the_o four_o part_n of_o his_o book_n wherein_o he_o tell_v often_o than_o once_o that_o he_o study_v the_o theory_n of_o the_o military_a art_n fifteen_o year_n and_o practise_v it_o forty_o so_o he_o have_v be_v no_o young_a man_n when_o he_o write_v his_o book_n but_o he_o conclude_v and_o i_o pray_v you_o mark_v it_o that_o in_o all_o these_o fifteen_o year_n he_o have_v read_v no_o author_n but_o casar_n commentary_n and_o thereafter_o he_o laugh_v and_o scoff_v at_o all_o those_o roman_a author_n and_o history_n which_o mention_v distinct_a maniple_n in_o the_o roman_a legion_n because_o he_o have_v read_v no_o such_o thing_n in_o câ—sar_n not_o only_a in_o this_o preface_n of_o he_o but_o all_o along_o in_o his_o book_n he_o despise_v the_o pike_n and_o call_v it_o the_o enervation_n the_o weaken_n and_o ruin_n of_o war._n i_o shall_v for_o a_o while_o leave_v brancatio_n and_o return_v to_o mr._n lupton_n citation_n out_o of_o this_o great_a italian_a tactick_a that_o i_o may_v answer_v they_o and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o it_o be_v a_o reflection_n on_o brancatio_n brancatio_n mr._n lupton_n citation_n out_o of_o brancatio_n first_o to_o cite_v history_n which_o he_o have_v either_o not_o read_v or_o not_o understand_v and_o next_o not_o to_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o custom_n of_o war_n in_o his_o own_o time_n so_o mr._n lupton_n credulity_n be_v inexcusable_a for_o take_v thing_n on_o brancatio_n his_o report_n the_o truth_n whereof_o he_o may_v have_v find_v in_o book_n of_o which_o many_o private_a answer_v answer_v gentleman_n be_v master_n i_o shall_v very_o brief_o run_v through_o the_o quotation_n he_o cite_v out_o of_o this_o italian_a man_n of_o war._n the_o king_n of_o portugal_n say_v he_o be_v ruin_v and_o overthrow_v in_o africa_n because_o first_o first_o he_o have_v squadron_n of_o pike_n but_o by_o his_o favour_n he_o be_v overthrow_v because_o neither_o his_o pike-man_n nor_o harquebusier_n be_v right_o order_v train_v nor_o command_v next_o he_o say_v charles_n the_o eight_o of_o france_n be_v the_o first_o that_o bring_v pike_n second_o second_o into_o italy_n indeed_o there_o be_v pike_n in_o italy_n before_o france_n be_v call_v france_n and_o if_o that_o french_a king_n bring_v they_o first_o there_o what_o lose_v he_o by_o it_o he_o traverse_v it_o take_v and_o conquer_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o return_v to_o france_n and_o make_v his_o passage_n good_a at_o fornuovo_n in_o spite_n of_o all_o italy_n then_o bandy_v against_o he_o and_z no_o doubt_n his_o swisser_n do_v he_o good_a service_n and_o brancatio_n know_v they_o be_v arm_v with_o pike_n as_o to_o their_o offensive_a arms._n three_o he_o say_v the_o turk_n these_o forty_o year_n by_o past_a reckon_v they_o 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of_o all_o battle_n to_o one_o cause_n since_o army_n may_v be_v undo_v and_o overthrow_v by_o a_o thousand_o several_a occasion_n what_o can_v either_o brancatio_n or_o mr._n lupton_n say_v against_o it_o if_o i_o aver_v that_o when_o ever_o the_o turk_n be_v beat_v and_o beat_v sometime_o they_o be_v it_o be_v because_o they_o have_v no_o pike_n man_n to_o resist_v the_o charge_n of_o a_o stout_a and_o hardy_a cavalry_n four_o he_o aver_v that_o john_n frederick_n duke_n of_o saxe_n in_o germany_n and_o piter_n four_o four_o strozzi_n in_o tuscany_n be_v both_o beat_v because_o of_o the_o multitude_n of_o their_o pikeman_n to_o the_o first_o i_o answer_v i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o sleidan_n give_v any_o such_o reason_n for_o his_o misfortune_n neither_o do_v ever_o that_o prince_n fight_v a_o just_a battle_n with_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o most_o of_o who_o infantry_n consist_v of_o pike-man_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxe_n do_v to_o the_o second_o of_o strozzi_n i_o say_v he_o be_v rout_v because_o he_o make_v his_o retreat_n in_o the_o day_n time_n in_o view_n of_o a_o powerful_a enemy_n contrary_a to_o the_o advice_n give_v he_o by_o marshal_n monluc_n final_o he_o say_v the_o battle_n of_o ceresole_n give_v a_o good_a proof_n of_o the_o weakness_n five_o five_o of_o the_o pike-mens_n service_n and_o the_o battle_n of_o dreux_n and_o moncounter_n prove_v fatal_a say_v he_o to_o their_o leader_n who_o be_v despise_v by_o their_o enemy_n because_o their_o foot_n consist_v most_o of_o pike_n here_o mr._n lupton_n do_v himself_o a_o injury_n to_o insert_v such_o three_o ignorant_a and_o unadvised_a citation_n out_o of_o brancatio_n which_o i_o will_v clear_v at_o ceresole_n the_o famous_a alphonso_n davalo_n marquis_n of_o guast_o command_v cerâ—solâ—_n battle_n of_o cerâ—solâ—_n the_o imperial_a army_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o anguien_v the_o french_a the_o imperialist_n be_v beat_v by_o the_o cowardice_n of_o a_o batallion_n of_o their_o own_o horse_n which_o flee_v without_o fight_v which_o a_o great_a batallion_n of_o imperial_a pike_n see_v open_v and_o give_v they_o way_n the_o french_a follow_v the_o chase_n through_o that_o same_o lane_n they_o be_v past_a the_o pike_n who_o be_v no_o â—ewer_a than_o five_o thousand_o close_v again_o and_o keep_v their_o ground_n another_o imperial_a batallion_n of_o pike_n some_o spaniard_n some_o german_n fight_v with_o a_o great_a body_n of_o grison_n belong_v to_o the_o french_a and_o beat_v it_o out_o of_o the_o field_n and_o thereafter_o fight_v with_o the_o gascon_a batallion_n of_o pike_n where_o both_o party_n stand_v to_o it_o valiant_o insomuch_o that_o the_o duc_n d'anguien_v the_o french_a general_n see_v his_o grison_n overthrow_v and_o his_o gascon_n so_o shrewd_o put_v to_o it_o despair_v of_o the_o victory_n in_o this_o charge_n of_o the_o imperial_a pike_n and_o the_o gascon_n almost_o all_o the_o leader_n fall_v at_o the_o first_o shock_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n there_o come_v a_o batallion_n of_o swisser_n pike_n and_o charge_v the_o imperial_a pike_n in_o the_o flank_n and_o notwithstanding_o they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o two_o stout_a and_o redoubt_a enemy_n one_o in_o the_o van_n and_o another_o in_o the_o flank_n yet_o do_v they_o keep_v their_o rank_n and_o the_o field_n too_o after_o all_o the_o harquebusier_n on_o foot_n and_o all_o their_o cavalry_n with_o gua_v himself_o wound_v as_o he_o be_v have_v flee_v and_o then_o and_o not_o till_o then_o they_o cast_v down_o their_o arm_n and_o cry_v for_o quarter_n which_o the_o swisser_n give_v they_o spare_o enough_o at_o this_o charge_n be_v marshal_n monluc_n on_o foot_n in_o the_o head_n of_o the_o gascon_n with_o a_o pike_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o he_o it_o be_v that_o give_v we_o this_o relation_n will_v
draw_v it_o this_o invention_n of_o count_n mansfield_n have_v be_v assure_o as_o to_o ordnance_n the_o best_a and_o most_o profitable_a these_o three_o bypass_a age_n can_v boast_v of_o both_o to_o save_v expense_n and_o to_o further_a expedition_n but_o this_o good_a man_n tell_v we_o not_o how_o the_o earl_n do_v all_o this_o only_o he_o inform_v we_o that_o he_o know_v so_o well_o to_o boil_v the_o melt_a metal_n in_o the_o fire_n that_o though_o it_o have_v less_o thickness_n yet_o it_o have_v equal_a hardness_n with_o the_o great_a gun_n but_o i_o think_v that_o not_o only_o the_o hardness_n but_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o metal_n shall_v resist_v the_o violence_n of_o the_o powder_n and_o therefore_o piece_n be_v more_o fortify_v at_o the_o touchhole_n trunion_n and_o musle_z than_o at_o any_o place_n else_o but_o not_o have_v hear_v that_o this_o rare_a invention_n be_v practise_v afterward_o in_o all_o these_o long_a and_o bloody_a war_n which_o have_v be_v in_o christendom_n since_o that_o famous_a siege_n nor_o read_v any_o thing_n of_o it_o in_o those_o who_o write_v of_o that_o art_n i_o shall_v suspend_v my_o belief_n of_o the_o thing_n till_o i_o hear_v that_o it_o be_v approve_v by_o judicious_a gunner_n a_o indifferent_a train_n of_o artillery_n especial_o if_o there_o be_v batter_a gun_n in_o it_o army_n the_o great_a trouble_n and_o retardment_n a_o train_n of_o artillery_n bring_v to_o a_o army_n their_o carriage_n powder_n and_o bullet_n with_o all_o fit_a instrument_n will_v require_v very_o many_o horse_n to_o draw_v it_o which_o may_v the_o more_o easy_o be_v conceive_v if_o we_o cast_v up_o a_o account_n how_o many_o one_o piece_n will_v need_v leâ—ns_n suppose_v this_o piece_n to_o be_v a_o french_a cannon_n or_o a_o english_a demi-cannon_n any_o of_o they_o weigh_v 6000_o pound_n of_o metal_n let_v her_o bullet_n be_v thirty_o pound_n of_o iron_n for_o which_o she_o require_v twenty_o pound_n of_o common_a powder_n this_o 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hence_o you_o may_v conclude_v that_o a_o numerous_a train_n must_v of_o necessity_n retard_v the_o march_n of_o a_o army_n either_o in_o pursue_v or_o retire_v in_o the_o first_o case_n all_o or_o most_o of_o it_o may_v be_v leave_v with_o conveniency_n to_o follow_v but_o in_o the_o second_o there_o be_v very_o great_a difficulty_n and_o many_o time_n the_o endeavour_v to_o save_v it_o have_v occasion_v the_o loss_n of_o army_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o artillery_n serve_v to_o good_a purpose_n to_o make_v a_o enemy_n either_o remove_v his_o camp_n if_o it_o be_v within_o the_o range_n of_o the_o ordnance_n or_o come_v out_o and_o fight_v that_o it_o force_v town_n and_o fort_n to_o yield_v we_o know_v but_o we_o must_v confess_v for_o all_o that_o that_o few_o battle_n have_v be_v win_v by_o artillery_n for_o as_o monluc_n say_v of_o the_o cannon_n il_fw-fr fait_fw-fr plus_fw-fr de_fw-fr peur_fw-fr que_fw-fr du_fw-fr mal_fw-fr it_o frighten_v more_o expensive_a artillery_n very_o expensive_a than_o it_o hurt_v the_o loss_n of_o a_o train_n of_o artillery_n be_v of_o exceed_v great_a consequence_n to_o a_o prince_n or_o a_o state_n therefore_o the_o less_o the_o train_n be_v the_o expense_n will_v be_v the_o less_o and_o the_o expedition_n the_o great_a there_o be_v some_o who_o in_o their_o write_n of_o train_n of_o artillery_n and_o other_o essential_a member_n of_o army_n instance_n the_o prince_n of_o orange_n but_o i_o say_v other_o prince_n and_o state_n be_v not_o to_o take_v up_o their_o measure_n either_o in_o their_o train_n of_o artillery_n or_o other_o point_n of_o war_n by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n in_o regard_n few_o or_o none_o of_o they_o that_o i_o know_v have_v such_o advantage_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o their_o country_n as_o those_o estate_n have_v who_o by_o water_n for_o most_o part_n may_v transport_v their_o ordnance_n their_o provision_n their_o munition_n their_o instrument_n and_o sometime_o their_o soldier_n which_o other_o prince_n must_v carry_v all_o by_o land_n with_o horse_n and_o wagon_n except_o the_o man_n unless_o they_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o some_o navigable_a river_n which_o seldom_o fall_v out_o it_o be_v not_o every_o army_n that_o either_o be_v or_o can_v be_v allow_v either_o a_o full_a train_n or_o yet_o a_o general_n of_o artillery_n many_o of_o these_o call_v fly_v army_n have_v no_o gun_n at_o all_o with_o they_o and_o many_o of_o they_o have_v only_o some_o field-piece_n which_o be_v draw_v with_o very_a few_o horse_n need_v not_o much_o obstruct_v the_o speedy_a march_n of_o a_o army_n i_o have_v know_v divers_a army_n at_o one_o time_n in_o germany_n under_o christina_n queen_n of_o sweden_n each_o one_o whereof_o have_v but_o a_o petty_a train_n and_o that_o order_v by_o a_o colonel_n or_o a_o lieutenant-colonel_n but_o there_o be_v only_o one_o general_n of_o the_o army_n a_o great_a train_n not_o necessary_a with_o every_o army_n artillery_n who_o have_v the_o supreme_a command_n of_o all_o the_o ordnance_n in_o all_o the_o army_n and_o he_o stay_v constant_o with_o the_o feel_a marshal_n of_o the_o principal_a army_n i_o know_v the_o late_a king_n of_o denmark_n in_o the_o year_n 1657_o have_v two_o brave_a army_n though_o both_o unsuccessful_a the_o one_o ordain_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o holstein_n and_o jutland_n the_o other_o for_o schonen_fw-mi the_o train_n appoint_v for_o each_o of_o they_o be_v order_v by_o a_o colonel_n and_o there_o be_v neither_o general_n nor_o lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o ordnance_n with_o either_o of_o they_o whether_o it_o be_v fit_a for_o a_o prince_n or_o a_o free_a state_n to_o keep_v one_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n to_o have_v inspection_n over_o all_o the_o ordnance_n all_o the_o munition_n of_o war_n and_o all_o the_o arm_n within_o that_o kingdom_n or_o republic_n or_o rather_o to_o intrust_v several_a person_n with_o the_o several_a magazine_n shall_v not_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o this_o discourse_n but_o that_o all_o prince_n and_o state_n shall_v have_v storehouse_n arsenal_n and_o magazine_n well_o stuff_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o arm_n offensive_a and_o defensive_a with_o great_a and_o small_a ordnance_n with_o powder_n match_n and_o ball_n and_o all_o the_o several_a material_n of_o their_o composition_n with_o mortar_n pot_n piece_n petard_n and_o granado_n of_o all_o kind_n be_v as_o i_o suppose_v a_o thing_n which_o will_v be_v grant_v as_o necessary_a beyond_o all_o controversy_n in_o such_o a_o army_n as_o pass_v under_o the_o name_n of_o a_o army_n royal_a which_o some_o royal._n army_n royal._n think_v shall_v consist_v of_o eighteen_o thousand_o foot_n and_o six_o thousand_o horse_n that_o take_v the_o field_n with_o a_o design_n to_o fight_v with_o any_o that_o oppose_v it_o and_o a_o resolution_n to_o do_v that_o for_o which_o it_o be_v levy_v whether_o that_o be_v to_o fight_v battle_n pass_v river_n or_o take_v in_o town_n and_o forâ—_n in_o such_o a_o army_n i_o say_v there_o shall_v be_v so_o great_a a_o train_n of_o artillery_n as_o be_v suitable_a with_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o attempt_n wherein_o train_n it_o be_v train_n nothing_o must_v be_v want_v that_o can_v help_v to_o carry_v on_o the_o design_n in_o it_o there_o shall_v be_v cannon_n for_o battery_n culverines_n of_o all_o sort_n field-piece_n mortar_n great_a abundance_n of_o powder_n match_n and_o ball_n and_o granado_n with_o all_o instrument_n and_o necessary_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o ordnance_n for_o this_o train_n be_v require_v a_o great_a many_o expert_a and_o ready_a gunner_n and_o constable_n beside_o the_o gentleman_n captain_n and_o conductor_n as_o also_o a_o huge_a number_n of_o horse_n and_o ox_n wagon_n and_o cart_n to_o draw_v and_o transport_v it_o from_o place_n to_o place_n the_o swedish_n train_v of_o artillery_n
every_o company_n of_o foot_n d'en_o pasvolants_n whereof_o six_o belong_v to_o the_o captain_n two_o for_o the_o lieutenant_n and_o two_o for_o the_o ensign_n every_o one_o of_o these_o have_v the_o allowance_n of_o half_a a_o rixdollar_n every_o ten_o day_n but_o this_o custom_n wear_v out_o and_o there_o be_v reason_n for_o it_o because_o many_o captain_n notwithstanding_o that_o indulgence_n endeavour_v still_o to_o keep_v void_a place_n in_o their_o company_n as_o a_o mean_a to_o make_v their_o purse_n full_a these_o muster-master_n by_o the_o dutch_a dane_n and_o swede_n be_v call_v commissary_n commissary_n commissary_n over_o who_o the_o commissary_n general_n of_o the_o army_n have_v the_o superintendance_n this_o difference_n there_o be_v that_o those_o commissary_n keep_v the_o purse_n and_o so_o be_v paymaster_n but_o our_o muster-master_n be_v not_o so_o the_o pay_v belong_v to_o our_o treasurer_n as_o among_o the_o roman_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o questor_n they_o have_v power_n to_o muster_v as_o oft_o as_o they_o please_v acquaint_v he_o first_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a either_o in_o field_n or_o garrison_n and_o indeed_o in_o those_o country_n they_o muster_v often_o than_o they_o pay_v after_o the_o first_o muster_n the_o troop_n and_o company_n get_v their_o standard_n and_o ensign_n and_o then_o take_v the_o military_a oath_n which_o we_o call_v to_o swear_v to_o the_o colour_n i_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o roman_a military_a sacrament_n this_o oath_n we_o now_o speak_v of_o be_v the_o same_o for_o officer_n trooper_n and_o soldier_n swear_v with_o hand_n lift_v up_o to_o heaven_n to_o be_v faithful_a and_o loyal_a to_o their_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n oath_n military_a oath_n never_o to_o desert_n or_o leave_v the_o service_n without_o permission_n of_o their_o superior_n to_o be_v stout_a in_o time_n of_o battle_n rencounter_n skirmish_n or_o assault_v and_o rather_o to_o choose_v to_o die_v than_o desert_n their_o standard_n or_o colour_n never_o to_o turn_v their_o back_n on_o a_o enemy_n and_o to_o reveal_v all_o conspiracy_n treason_n and_o mutiny_n intend_v against_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n or_o their_o general_n and_o other_o commander_n so_o help_v they_o god_n in_o the_o great_a day_n if_o this_o oath_n be_v punctual_o keep_v all_o battle_n will_v be_v so_o well_o fight_v that_o there_o will_v not_o be_v such_o a_o thing_n as_o the_o slight_a of_o a_o army_n to_o be_v see_v or_o hear_v of_o in_o the_o world_n after_o this_o oath_n the_o article_n and_o law_n of_o war_n shall_v be_v public_o and_o distinct_o read_v that_o they_o may_v know_v what_o punishment_n for_o most_o article_n speak_v more_o of_o they_o than_o of_o reward_n they_o may_v expect_v if_o they_o commit_v such_o crime_n as_o be_v there_o mention_v this_o be_v a_o thing_n most_o necessary_a to_o be_v do_v that_o none_o may_v pretend_v ignorance_n for_o where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n there_o can_v be_v no_o transgression_n of_o these_o article_n i_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n be_v that_o most_o man_n who_o follow_v the_o war_n over_o all_o the_o world_n receive_v wage_n they_o just_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o mercenary_n but_o if_o you_o will_v consider_v how_o their_o wage_n be_v pay_v i_o suppose_v you_o will_v rather_o think_v they_o voluntary_n at_o least_o very_a generous_a for_o do_v the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o service_n for_o nothing_o it_o be_v say_v of_o the_o swisser_n that_o they_o will_v not_o fight_v unless_o they_o be_v pay_v due_o if_o other_o nation_n be_v of_o their_o humour_n prince_n and_o state_n will_v be_v necessitate_v to_o agree_v better_a than_o they_o do_v because_o seldom_o will_v their_o army_n fight_v for_o they_o because_o seldom_o they_o be_v pay_v by_o they_o the_o baptist_n insinuate_v that_o soldier_n shall_v be_v pay_v their_o wage_n because_o he_o bid_v they_o be_v content_v with_o their_o wage_n and_o do_v violence_n to_o no_o man_n but_o few_o or_o no_o evangelic_n precept_n be_v obey_v and_o this_o as_o little_a as_o any_o soldier_n get_v not_o their_o wage_n and_o violence_n be_v do_v to_o many_o man_n at_o the_o first_o view_n it_o will_v seem_v strange_a why_o prince_n pay_v their_o soldiery_n very_o well_o and_o due_o in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n when_o they_o have_v little_a or_o nothing_o to_o do_v with_o they_o and_o very_o ill_a and_o very_a seldom_o in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n when_o they_o have_v most_o to_o do_v with_o they_o but_o the_o reason_n be_v soon_o find_v they_o need_v far_o great_a number_n in_o time_n of_o war_n than_o peace_n and_o many_o be_v not_o pay_v with_o so_o little_a money_n as_o a_o few_o be_v in_o the_o war_n of_o europe_n these_o last_o fourscore_o year_n and_o upward_o wherein_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n be_v free_a except_o in_o the_o late_a unhappy_a civil_a war_n we_o find_v that_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n have_v pay_v their_o army_n better_a than_o any_o other_o prince_n or_o state_n this_o make_v the_o mercenary_a soldier_n run_v to_o their_o service_n and_o capacitates_fw-la they_o to_o make_v great_a levy_n in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n the_o effect_n of_o the_o bad_a payment_n of_o the_o spaniard_n appear_v when_o their_o king_n stand_v most_o in_o need_n of_o their_o service_n seventy_o pay_v army_n universal_o ill_o pay_v year_n ago_o and_o a_o little_a upward_o and_o many_o time_n since_o for_o that_o give_v a_o rise_n to_o those_o terrible_a mutiny_n in_o which_o they_o possess_v themselves_o of_o town_n and_o treat_v with_o their_o general_n and_o superior_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v free_a estate_n this_o incapacitate_v the_o spanish_a minister_n to_o prosecute_v the_o war_n against_o the_o new_a estate_n in_o which_o time_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v think_v that_o either_o they_o or_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n be_v idle_a spectator_n the_o most_o considerable_a army_n the_o sweed_n have_v in_o the_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o their_o victorious_a king_n gustavus_n adolphus_n lay_v idle_a at_o donaverth_n lose_v the_o time_n of_o action_n and_o treat_v for_o their_o pay_n boccalini_n inform_v we_o that_o once_o the_o gardiner_n complain_v to_o apollo_n that_o they_o râ—ggâ—aglâ—_n boccalini_n his_o râ—ggâ—aglâ—_n have_v no_o instrument_n to_o make_v all_o the_o weed_n of_o their_o garden_n run_v and_o dance_v after_o they_o as_o prince_n and_o free_a state_n who_o can_v make_v all_o the_o idle_a and_o unprofitable_a member_n of_o their_o principality_n go_v out_o of_o the_o garden_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n with_o the_o rattle_n of_o a_o drum_n and_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o trumpet_n but_o i_o think_v prince_n and_o state_n be_v to_o be_v much_o more_o admire_a for_o another_o secret_a art_n of_o their_o own_o whereby_o they_o get_v these_o drone_n to_o do_v they_o both_o laborious_a and_o hazardous_a service_n for_o very_o little_a money_n and_o at_o a_o low_a expense_n the_o pay_n and_o wages_n for_o officer_n and_o soldier_n of_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n be_v different_a according_a to_o the_o establishment_n of_o several_a prince_n and_o state_n i_o shall_v speak_v a_o little_a of_o some_o of_o they_o for_o to_o speak_v of_o all_o though_o i_o can_v be_v needless_a the_o german_a emperor_n establishment_n during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o long_a war_n be_v pay_n german_n emperor_n his_o pay_n fair_a enough_o for_o there_o be_v promise_v to_o every_o colonel_n of_o horse_n 300_o dollar_n to_o a_o lieutenant-colonel_n one_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o to_o a_o major_n one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o to_o a_o ritmaster_n one_o hundred_o to_o a_o lieutenant_n sixty_o to_o a_o cornet_n fifty_o beside_o allowance_n of_o fodderage_n for_o so_o many_o horse_n proportionable_o according_a to_o their_o quality_n monthly_a to_o a_o quartermaster_n twenty_o four_o dollar_n to_o a_o corporal_n twenty_o two_o to_o a_o clerk_n fifteen_o to_o a_o trumpeter_n as_o much_o and_o to_o a_o einspanneer_n or_o trooper_n twelve_o the_o pay_n for_o the_o officer_n and_o soldier_n of_o foot_n be_v much_o less_o but_o they_o get_v not_o three_o month_n pay_v of_o twelve_o in_o a_o whole_a year_n but_o bockler_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o year_n 1658._o at_o frankford_n on_o the_o main_n 1658._o pay_v of_o the_o confederated_a german_a prince_n an._n 1658._o the_o elector_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n who_o have_v join_v in_o a_o league_n whereof_o there_o be_v many_o make_v in_o that_o country_n have_v unanimous_o agree_v upon_o a_o pay_n to_o be_v give_v to_o their_o force_n so_o long_o as_o the_o league_n continue_v most_o of_o their_o league_n be_v break_v in_o short_a time_n than_o they_o be_v a_o make_n and_o it_o be_v this_o a_o ritmaster_n be_v to_o have_v for_o himself_o every_o month_n sixty_o dollar_n and_o allowance_n for_o six_o
horse_n which_o amount_v to_o forty_o eight_o dollar_n so_o he_o have_v in_o all_o one_o hundred_o and_o eight_o dollar_n monthly_a but_o because_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o horse_n have_v allowance_n for_o some_o horse_n beside_o their_o own_o pay_n i_o shall_v for_o brevity_n set_v down_o the_o allowance_n for_o themselves_o and_o horse_n together_o a_o lieutenant_n have_v monthly_o forty_o four_o dollar_n a_o cornet_n as_o much_o a_o quartermaster_n twenty_o three_o a_o corporal_n twenty_o one_o the_o clerk_n trumpeter_z and_o chirurgeon_n each_o of_o they_o eleven_o and_o the_o smith_n as_o much_o a_o common_a trooper_n eight_o before_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o foot-pay_a i_o shall_v premise_v that_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n and_o most_o of_o the_o german_a prince_n allow_v a_o wagon_n with_o four_o horse_n and_o two_o saddle-horse_n for_o a_o captain_n of_o foot_n and_o the_o like_a number_n between_o the_o lieutenant_n and_o ensign_n the_o prince_n then_o of_o this_o german_a league_n allow_v for_o a_o foot-captain_n himself_o and_o horse_n monthly_a forty_o eight_o dollar_n for_o a_o lieutenant_n twenty_o one_o for_o a_o ensign-bearear_a as_o much_o for_o a_o sergeant_n six_o for_o a_o fourier_n furer_n captain_n at_o arm_n clerk_n drummer_n piper_n and_o gentleman_n of_o the_o company_n each_o of_o they_o two_o dollar_n and_o the_o four_o part_n of_o one_o for_o the_o common_a soldier_n every_o month_n two_o dollar_n i_o shall_v not_o speak_v here_o either_o of_o the_o danish_a or_o the_o swedish_n pay_v they_o be_v pay_n swedish_n dâ—nish_n and_o french_a pay_n much_o about_o one_o with_o this_o agreement_n except_o that_o their_o allowance_n be_v a_o little_a more_o and_o great_a both_o for_o the_o under-officer_n and_o the_o common_a soldier_n the_o french_a pay_n will_v be_v much_o about_o one_o with_o the_o swedish_n and_o therefore_o my_o reader_n if_o he_o know_v any_o thing_n of_o his_o majesty_n establishment_n will_v quick_o majesty_n all_o far_o short_a of_o his_o majesty_n perceive_v that_o his_o pay_n be_v great_a than_o any_o of_o those_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o and_o be_v better_a pay_v than_o all_o of_o they_o how_o the_o german_a prince_n pay_v their_o soldiery_n in_o their_o last_o short_a war_n i_o know_v not_o but_o in_o the_o long_a one_o i_o be_o sure_a they_o pay_v very_o ill_a and_o so_o do_v the_o sweed_n war._n bad_a pay_n in_o the_o long_a german_a war._n those_o who_o be_v in_o garrison_n get_v sometime_o three_o but_o for_o most_o part_n but_o two_o lend_n in_o the_o month_n every_o lend_v be_v but_o a_o little_a more_o than_o half_a a_o rixdollar_n to_o which_o be_v add_v the_o assistance_n of_o some_o proviant_a bread_n why_o they_o call_v this_o a_o lend_v i_o know_v not_o unless_o it_o be_v to_o make_v the_o soldier_n believe_v they_o lend_v they_o money_n when_o they_o be_v but_o pay_v they_o a_o part_n of_o their_o own_o but_o the_o poor_a witted_a soldier_n know_v well_o enough_o that_o his_o pay_n master_n under_o the_o notion_n of_o lend_v they_o a_o three_o part_n borrow_v from_o they_o to_o a_o very_a long_a day_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o pay_n this_o be_v for_o their_o garrison_n in_o the_o field_n they_o may_v happy_o deceive_v themselves_o whether_o they_o be_v officer_n or_o soldier_n that_o expect_v any_o money_n but_o must_v be_v content_v with_o commis_fw-la bread_n till_o by_o some_o victory_n any_o of_o their_o general_n be_v enable_v to_o quarter_v his_o army_n in_o a_o plentiful_a country_n and_o there_o it_o be_v where_o the_o common_a soldier_n may_v put_v themselves_o in_o clothes_n the_o officer_n in_o good_a equippage_n and_o the_o colonel_n make_v themselves_o rich_a for_o the_o german_a danish_a and_o swedish_n colonel_n play_v too_o often_o the_o roytelet_n and_o petty_a king_n in_o their_o several_a regiment_n but_o some_o officer_n there_o be_v who_o never_o meet_v with_o such_o opportunity_n and_o some_o be_v not_o dextrous_a enough_o to_o lay_v hold_n on_o such_o occasion_n when_o they_o offer_v themselves_o for_o at_o such_o time_n there_o be_v something_o else_o require_v than_o to_o receive_v pay_n from_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o company_n i_o remember_v a_o countryman_n of_o i_o tell_v i_o once_o that_o he_o have_v serve_v the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n eight_o year_n whereof_o he_o have_v be_v a_o captain_n three_o and_o that_o in_o all_o those_o year_n he_o have_v never_o be_v master_n of_o fourscore_o crown_n at_o one_o time_n one_o hundred_o year_n ago_o army_n be_v better_o pay_v than_o now_o they_o be_v and_o officer_n and_o soldier_n can_v tolerable_o well_o subsist_v great_a care_n be_v then_o take_v by_o a_o seasonable_a distribution_n of_o money_n to_o prevent_v mutiny_n and_o desertion_n of_o the_o service_n why_o it_o be_v not_o so_o yet_o perhaps_o want_v of_o money_n may_v be_v the_o cause_n though_o there_o be_v now_o much_o great_a store_n of_o money_n than_o be_v then_o if_o prince_n and_o state_n have_v other_o reason_n for_o it_o they_o be_v not_o to_o communicate_v they_o to_o soldier_n who_o be_v very_o improper_a judge_n of_o they_o i_o think_v it_o strange_a to_o see_v sixteen_o pay_n too_o many_o weak_a regiment_n cause_n of_o bad_a pay_n or_o seventeen_o year_n ago_o the_o native_a spaniard_n to_o who_o keep_v the_o strong_a citadel_n of_o antwerp_n be_v entrust_v beg_v public_o in_o the_o street_n of_o that_o city_n but_o i_o think_v it_o a_o more_o lamentable_a sight_n to_o see_v both_o there_o and_o in_o germany_n and_o elsewhere_o lieutenant-colonel_n major_n and_o captain_n beg_v a_o alms._n in_o former_a time_n regiment_n be_v thrice_o four_o or_o five_o time_n strong_a than_o now_o they_o be_v and_o consequent_o troop_n and_o company_n be_v for_o their_o number_n as_o strong_a if_o not_o strong_a than_o now_o half_a regiment_n be_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o i_o believe_v there_o be_v hundred_o of_o old_a man_n yet_o live_v who_o have_v see_v private_a captain_n in_o high_a esteem_n than_o colonel_n be_v now_o and_o i_o suppose_v if_o prince_n and_o state_n think_v it_o â—it_n to_o follow_v the_o old_a way_n and_o make_v their_o troop_n and_o company_n three_o time_n strong_a than_o now_o they_o be_v at_o their_o first_o levy_n they_o may_v be_v as_o well_o serve_v and_o save_v a_o vast_a expense_n of_o treasure_n if_o a_o army_n of_o twenty_o four_o thousand_o man_n be_v to_o be_v raise_v whereof_o eighteen_o thousand_o be_v to_o be_v foot_n and_o six_o thousand_o horse_n six_o colonel_n may_v as_o well_o now_o command_v the_o 18000_o foot_n divide_v into_o six_o regiment_n as_o six_o colonel_n do_v the_o like_o fifty_o year_n ago_o and_o four_o colonel_n may_v command_v the_o six_o thousand_o horse_n divide_v into_o four_o regiment_n allow_v to_o each_o one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o horse_n the_o expense_n that_o will_v be_v save_v here_o of_o the_o pay_n of_o complete_a officer_n of_o twelve_o regiment_n of_o foot_n and_o two_o of_o horse_n will_v exceed_o help_v to_o pay_v the_o other_o eight_o be_v please_v to_o see_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o instance_a by_o a_o observation_n i_o make_v in_o the_o year_n 1649_o after_o the_o peace_n of_o munster_n christina_n queen_n of_o sweden_n have_v in_o she_o munster_n number_n of_o swedish_n and_o hessick_n regiment_n after_o the_o peace_n of_o munster_n pay_v in_o germany_n beside_o her_o force_n in_o the_o rest_n of_o her_o dominion_n four_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o troop_n of_o horse_n and_o dragoon_n and_o threescore_o regiment_n of_o foot_n in_o some_o regiment_n there_o be_v twenty_o company_n in_o some_o twelve_o in_o some_o ten_o and_o in_o some_o eight_o all_o the_o company_n in_o the_o whole_a sixty_o foot_n regiment_n be_v reckon_v to_o be_v six_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o her_o confederate_a the_o landtgrave_n of_o hessen_n have_v a_o hundred_o and_o eight_o troop_n of_o horse_n and_o a_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o company_n of_o foot_n all_o the_o horse_n troop_n shall_v have_v be_v at_o their_o first_o levy_n eighty_o rider_n apiece_o every_o foot-company_n a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o six_o at_o least_o therefore_o the_o queen_n four_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o troop_n of_o cavalry_n shall_v have_v be_v at_o their_o first_o levy_n thirty_o three_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o her_o six_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o company_n shall_v have_v be_v at_o their_o first_o levy_n seventy_o nine_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o man_n the_o landtgrave_n a_o hundred_o and_o eight_o troop_n of_o cavalry_n shall_v have_v be_v eight_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o forty_o horse_n his_o hundred_o and_o eight_o company_n of_o foot_n shall_v have_v be_v at_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o six_o man_n a_o piece_n twenty_o two_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o man_n be_v please_v to_o add_v the_o
first_o strict_a law_n be_v make_v for_o the_o observance_n of_o religious_a duty_n a_o submission_n religion_n for_o religion_n to_o church-discipline_n and_o a_o due_a respect_n to_o be_v give_v to_o all_o ecclesiastical_a person_n against_o atheism_n blasphemy_n perjury_n and_o the_o profanation_n of_o the_o name_n of_o god_n second_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o majesty_n and_o authority_n loyalty_n for_o loyalty_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n in_o who_o service_n the_o army_n be_v that_o nothing_o be_v do_v or_o speak_v to_o the_o disparagement_n of_o himself_o his_o government_n his_o undertake_n or_o the_o justice_n of_o any_o of_o his_o action_n under_o all_o high_a pain_n three_o for_o honour_n respect_n and_o obedience_n to_o be_v give_v to_o all_o superior_a commander_n from_o the_o high_a obedience_n for_o obedience_n to_o the_o low_a of_o they_o and_o none_o of_o their_o command_n be_v to_o be_v dispute_v much_o less_o be_v they_o themselves_o to_o be_v affront_v either_o by_o gesture_n word_n or_o action_n but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o command_n be_v not_o diametrical_o contrary_a and_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o prince_n his_o service_n but_o indeed_o such_o command_n will_v be_v so_o clear_a that_o they_o need_v no_o canvas_n otherwise_o any_o disobedience_n open_v a_o door_n to_o resistance_n that_o usher_v in_o sedition_n which_o often_o be_v support_v by_o open_a rebellion_n to_o clear_v which_o suppose_v what_o frequent_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o governor_n of_o a_o well_o fortify_v and_o a_o well_o provide_v place_n offer_v to_o deliver_v lawful_a disobedience_n to_o unlawful_a command_n lawful_a it_o up_o to_o a_o enemy_n without_o opposition_n those_o under_o he_o may_v resist_v so_o unjust_a and_o so_o base_a a_o command_n and_o they_o not_o only_o may_v but_o aught_o to_o resist_v he_o for_o the_o disobedience_n in_o such_o a_o case_n of_o the_o subaltern_a officer_n and_o soldier_n be_v a_o piece_n of_o excellent_a service_n do_v to_o their_o master_n and_o if_o they_o do_v it_o not_o they_o be_v liable_a to_o those_o law_n of_o war_n which_o for_o give_v over_o a_o fort_n in_o that_o fashion_n sentence_n the_o governor_n to_o a_o ignominious_a death_n the_o inferior_a commander_n to_o be_v shameful_o cashier_v and_o the_o common_a soldier_n to_o be_v disarm_v and_o make_v serve_v as_o pioner_n to_o the_o army_n which_o be_v act_n of_o great_a injustice_n if_o inferior_n be_v bind_v to_o give_v a_o blind_a obedience_n to_o all_o the_o command_v of_o their_o superior_n whatever_o they_o be_v without_o exception_n and_o such_o a_o case_n it_o be_v when_o a_o officer_n command_v those_o under_o he_o to_o desert_n their_o post_n whether_o that_o be_v in_o town_n camp_n leaguer_n or_o field_n and_o go_v over_o with_o he_o to_o the_o enemy_n if_o they_o do_v so_o and_o be_v ever_o retake_v he_o be_v punish_v for_o his_o treachery_n and_o they_o for_o their_o obedience_n to_o so_o illegal_a a_o command_n four_o article_n of_o war_n be_v make_v for_o due_a and_o strict_a keep_n of_o guard_n watch_n for_o keep_v strict_a guard_n and_o watch_n and_o watch_n and_o here_o as_o in_o many_o other_o point_n observe_v the_o severity_n of_o military_a law_n for_o he_o who_o after_o tap-too_a discharge_v any_o hand_n gun_n be_v it_o pistol_n musket_n fusee_fw-fr or_o carrabine_n unless_o against_o a_o enemy_n or_o he_o who_o sleep_v on_o his_o centinel_n or_o desert_n it_o or_o he_o who_o be_v drink_v on_o his_o watch_n be_v all_o to_o die_v these_o be_v crime_n which_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o most_o nation_n do_v not_o punish_v with_o death_n yet_o in_o the_o law_n of_o war_n this_o severity_n be_v think_v no_o more_o than_o necessary_a five_o law_n be_v make_v against_o those_o who_o stay_v behind_o or_o straggle_v in_o ordinary_a straggler_n against_o straggler_n or_o extraordinary_a march_n six_o against_o fugitive_n and_o runnaway_n either_o such_o as_o leave_v their_o colour_n runnaway_n against_o runnaway_n when_o they_o be_v in_o garrison_n or_o quarter_n and_o desert_n the_o service_n under_o any_o pretence_n without_o a_o pass_n or_o such_o as_o run_v away_o from_o their_o colour_n or_o their_o officer_n in_o the_o field_n in_o time_n of_o skirmish_n or_o battle_n or_o such_o who_o in_o storm_n and_o assault_n desert_n their_o post_n till_o either_o they_o be_v wound_v or_o have_v make_v use_n of_o their_o sword_n all_o these_o be_v liable_a to_o death_n and_o those_o who_o wound_n or_o kill_v any_o of_o they_o in_o their_o flight_n in_o their_o go_n or_o run_v away_o be_v not_o to_o be_v accountable_a for_o it_o seven_o against_o those_o who_o make_v any_o treaty_n or_o agreement_n in_o the_o field_n enemy_n against_o treaty_n with_o a_o enemy_n with_o a_o enemy_n without_o the_o command_n or_o consent_v of_o he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a and_o here_o again_o observe_v another_o case_n wherein_o inferior_n be_v to_o refuse_v obedience_n the_o military_a law_n condemn_v a_o colonel_n for_o such_o a_o treaty_n and_o every_o ten_o soldier_n of_o his_o regiment_n to_o die_v with_o he_o for_o give_v obedience_n to_o so_o unjust_a a_o command_n eight_o against_o those_o who_o surrender_v fortify_v place_n unless_o extreme_a necessity_n crime_n against_o needless_a surrender_n of_o fort_n and_o several_a other_o crime_n require_v it_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v speak_v in_o a_o more_o proper_a place_n nine_o against_o those_o who_o mutiny_n burn_v house_n without_o the_o general_n command_n commit_v robbery_n murder_n theft_n or_o violence_n to_o those_o who_o have_v the_o general_n safeguard_n and_o against_o those_o who_o keep_v private_a correspondence_n unless_o order_v to_o do_v it_o by_o the_o general_n all_o these_o crime_n by_o most_o military_a law_n be_v punish_v with_o death_n ten_o against_o private_a combat_n or_o duel_n the_o combatant_n and_o duel_n against_o duel_n their_o second_o be_v to_o die_v and_o if_o superior_a officer_n know_v of_o the_o combat_n and_o do_v not_o hinder_v it_o they_o be_v to_o be_v cashier_v with_o ignominy_n a_o necessary_a law_n enough_o yet_o seldom_o put_v in_o execution_n eleven_o against_o those_o who_o sell_v play_v or_o pawn_v or_o change_v their_o arm_n arms._n against_o seller_n or_o pawner_n of_o arms._n either_o defensive_a or_o offensive_a whether_o he_o be_v a_o horseman_n or_o a_o foot-soldier_n he_o who_o do_v any_o of_o these_o be_v not_o only_o punishable_a but_o likewise_o he_o who_o buy_v win_v or_o take_v they_o in_o pawn_n twelve_o against_o false_a muster_n whether_o it_o be_v of_o man_n horse_n arm_n muster_n against_o false_a muster_n saddle_n or_o other_o furniture_n by_o these_o article_n not_o only_o those_o who_o make_v the_o false_a muster_n but_o all_o those_o who_o help_v to_o make_v it_o be_v punishable_a thirteen_o against_o those_o who_o detain_v the_o pay_n of_o either_o horseman_n or_o pay_n against_o those_o who_o detain_v the_o prince_n pay_n foot-soldier_n any_o officer_n guilty_a of_o this_o deserve_v to_o die_v neither_o if_o a_o officer_n have_v lend_v money_n to_o a_o soldier_n may_v he_o pay_v himself_o or_o retain_v in_o his_o hand_n what_o he_o please_v but_o must_v give_v he_o as_o much_o of_o his_o pay_n as_o can_v entertain_v he_o to_o do_v his_o master_n service_n fourteen_o against_o those_o officer_n whatsoever_o they_o be_v except_o the_o general_n pass_n against_o those_o who_o give_v pass_n who_o give_v pass_n the_o swedish_n article_n order_n a_o colonel_n who_o presume_v to_o give_v a_o pass_n to_o lose_v his_o life_n and_o to_o lose_v his_o charge_n if_o he_o permit_v any_o under_o his_o command_n to_o go_v home_o without_o the_o feltmarshals_a knowledge_n other_o abominable_a crime_n such_o as_o adultery_n incest_n sodomy_n beastiality_n crime_n great_a crime_n parricide_n be_v examine_v try_a and_o punish_v according_a to_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o be_v master_n of_o the_o army_n and_o many_o small_a fault_n smaller_n fault_n fault_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o cognizance_n discretion_n and_o arbitrement_n of_o a_o court_n of_o war._n a_o council_n of_o war_n and_o a_o court_n of_o war_n be_v common_o by_o ordinary_a war._n a_o council_n of_o war._n soldier_n confound_v as_o if_o they_o be_v one_o thing_n whereas_o they_o be_v very_o different_a the_o first_o be_v compose_v of_o those_o person_n who_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n call_v to_o consult_v with_o concern_v the_o manage_n the_o war_n and_o these_o be_v indeed_o but_o counsellor_n and_o have_v in_o most_o army_n their_o precedent_n who_o be_v nominate_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n they_o do_v but_o advise_v for_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o captain-general_n have_v a_o negative_a voice_n and_o retain_v a_o power_n to_o themselves_o to_o do_v what_o they_o please_v a_o court_n of_o war_n consist_v of_o
those_o officer_n who_o be_v call_v together_o to_o be_v a_o jury_n in_o the_o examine_n processing_n and_o sentence_v delinquent_n and_o it_o be_v twofold_a a_o general_n or_o high_a court_n of_o war_n and_o a_o regiment_n or_o a_o low_a court_n of_o war._n the_o cause_n belong_v to_o the_o general_n court_n of_o war_n cognizance_n be_v war._n a_o general_n court_n of_o war._n matter_n of_o treason_n against_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n injury_n and_o affront_n do_v or_o offer_v to_o the_o person_n or_o honour_n of_o their_o general_n difference_n between_o the_o cavalry_n and_o infantry_n between_o one_o regiment_n and_o another_o between_z officer_n of_o one_o regiment_n or_o between_o officer_n and_o soldier_n of_o one_o regiment_n to_o the_o decision_n of_o a_o general_n court_n of_o war_n belong_v all_o civil_a affair_n and_o business_n though_o they_o have_v be_v determine_v in_o the_o low_a court_n for_o in_o it_o case_n to_o be_v determine_v by_o it_o these_o case_n appeal_n be_v permit_v to_o the_o high_a court_n neither_o can_v the_o sentence_n of_o the_o low_a court_n be_v execute_v till_o the_o process_n be_v full_o hear_v in_o the_o superior_a if_o the_o party_n concern_v have_v appeal_v to_o it_o when_o the_o business_n concern_v the_o prince_n or_o state_n or_o that_o any_o general_a person_n or_o colonel_n be_v criminal_o accuse_v the_o general_n or_o commander_n in_o chief_a of_o the_o army_n be_v oblige_v to_o preside_v himself_o but_o in_o those_o other_o case_n which_o i_o have_v mention_v it_o the_o precedent_n of_o it_o he_o may_v appoint_v a_o lieutenant-general_n or_o a_o major-general_n to_o preside_v i_o know_v the_o swede_n give_v the_o presidency_n in_o general_n court_v of_o war_n constant_o to_o the_o auditor-general_n or_o judg-marshal_n in_o the_o general_n or_o feltmarshal_n absence_n but_o true_o i_o think_v this_o be_v not_o do_v without_o some_o derogation_n to_o those_o general_a officer_n who_o assist_v for_o though_o upon_o the_o matter_n the_o auditor-general_n order_v the_o proceed_n of_o the_o martial_a court_n yet_o in_o point_n of_o honour_n he_o shall_v not_o preside_v in_o a_o high_a court_n of_o war_n no_o more_o than_o a_o regiment-auditor_n in_o the_o discipline_n of_o these_o same_o swede_n preside_v in_o a_o low_a court._n the_o assessor_n shall_v be_v twelve_o in_o number_n at_o least_o for_o they_o assessor_n the_o assessor_n may_v be_v and_o ordinary_o be_v more_o beside_o the_o precedent_n and_o in_o some_o place_n fourteen_o beside_o the_o precedent_n these_o be_v the_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n the_o lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o army_n the_o general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o infantry_n the_o lieutenant-general_n and_o major-general_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n the_o quartermaster_n general_n and_o such_o colonel_n as_o the_o general_n or_o auditor-general_n think_v fit_a to_o appoint_v after_o they_o be_v convene_v they_o take_v their_o place_n thus_o at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o table_n the_o precedent_n sit_v alone_o upon_o his_o right_a hand_n at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o table_n sit_v the_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n and_o under_o he_o the_o general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n upon_o the_o precedent_n leave_v hand_n at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o table_n sit_v the_o lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o army_n and_o under_o he_o the_o general_n of_o the_o foot_n under_o the_o general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n sit_v the_o lieutenant-general_n precedency_n their_o precedency_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o under_o the_o general_n of_o the_o foot_n sit_v the_o lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o in_o that_o same_o order_n the_o major-general_n and_o next_o they_o the_o general_n commissary_n and_o general_a quartermaster_n next_o they_o all_o the_o colonel_n who_o be_v call_v there_o take_v their_o place_n according_a to_o the_o time_n they_o have_v serve_v as_o colonel_n in_o that_o prince_n or_o state_n service_n the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o table_n which_o be_v that_o on_o the_o precedent_n right_a hand_n be_v more_o honourable_a than_o the_o other_o after_o they_o have_v all_o take_v their_o seat_n they_o rise_v again_o and_o hear_v a_o oath_n read_v wherein_o they_o swear_v with_o hand_n up_o to_o be_v free_a oath_n their_o oath_n from_o all_o malice_n envy_n hatred_n revenge_n fear_v and_o affection_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v judge_v righteous_o and_o impartial_o according_a to_o the_o law_n constitution_n and_o article_n of_o war_n and_o their_o own_o best_a judgement_n and_o conscience_n so_o help_v they_o god_n in_o the_o great_a day_n the_o provost-marshal_n general_n be_v to_o be_v the_o accuser_n accuser_n the_o accuser_n with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o prince_n prolocutor-fiscal_a and_o to_o he_o belong_v also_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o sentence_n the_o low_a court_n of_o war_n be_v that_o which_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o several_a regiment_n whether_o horse_n or_o foot_n which_o the_o colonel_n and_o in_o their_o absence_n the_o lieutenant-colonel_n may_v call_v when_o ever_o they_o think_v the_o necessity_n of_o their_o affair_n war._n a_o regiment_n court_n of_o war._n require_v it_o a_o regiment_n court-marshal_n may_v judge_n and_o determine_v in_o all_o cause_n both_o civil_a and_o criminal_a and_o of_o all_o person_n except_o the_o three_o field-officer_n within_o that_o regiment_n the_o colonel_n preside_v in_o his_o absence_n the_o lieutenant-colonel_n precedent_n the_o precedent_n and_o in_o his_o the_o major_n or_o if_o none_o of_o these_o be_v present_a the_o old_a captain_n but_o the_o regiment-auditor_n never_o nay_o not_o in_o the_o swedish_n army_n in_o the_o regiment_n of_o horse_n the_o colonel_n assessor_n be_v his_o lieutenant-colonel_n assessor_n his_o assessor_n and_o major_a three_o rit-master_n as_o many_o lieutenant_n as_o many_o cornet_n and_o as_o many_o corporal_n or_o more_o if_o the_o colonel_n please_v in_o a_o regiment_n of_o foot_n two_o captain_n two_o lieutenant_n two_o ensign_n two_o sergeant_n two_o furer_n and_o two_o fourier_n where_o such_o officer_n be_v allow_v where_o not_o more_o of_o the_o sergeant_n and_o two_o corporal_n they_o may_v be_v in_o all_o more_o than_o thirteen_o number_n their_o number_n but_o few_o they_o may_v not_o be_v the_o regiment_n provost-marshal_n present_v the_o accuse_a party_n with_o a_o guard_n to_o the_o court_n of_o war_n after_o the_o member_n have_v swear_v as_o the_o general_n court_n of_o wat_n use_v to_o do_v and_o formal_o deliver_v accuser_n the_o accuser_n his_o accusation_n from_o this_o court_n there_o may_v be_v as_o i_o tell_v you_o before_o appellation_n general_n the_o sentence_n to_o be_v approve_v by_o the_o general_n in_o civil_a affair_n but_o not_o in_o criminal_n yet_o no_o sentence_n of_o death_n pass_v by_o a_o low_a court_n of_o war_n can_v be_v execute_v till_o the_o general_n approve_v of_o it_o and_o sometime_o he_o remit_v the_o examination_n of_o it_o to_o a_o superior_a court_n especial_o when_o he_o have_v ground_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o regiment-court_n have_v past_a either_o too_o rigorous_a or_o too_o mild_a and_o favourable_a a_o sentence_n and_o this_o superior_a court_n call_v in_o such_o case_n be_v common_o call_v a_o court_n of_o error_n because_o it_o cognosce_v error_n court_n of_o error_n of_o the_o error_n of_o the_o inferior_a one_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n still_o retain_v power_n to_o moderate_v and_o mitigate_v the_o sentence_n of_o either_o of_o the_o court_n or_o gracious_o to_o remit_v and_o pardon_v the_o offence_n and_o in_o their_o absence_n their_o general_n may_v do_v the_o like_a except_o in_o the_o case_n of_o les_fw-fr majesty_n but_o after_o the_o sentence_n of_o either_o the_o one_o court_n or_o the_o other_o be_v prohounce_v no_o man_n that_o bear_v charge_n or_o office_n in_o the_o army_n be_v permit_v to_o speak_v for_o pardon_n or_o mitigation_n unless_o it_o be_v ensign_n to_o who_o something_o of_o that_o nature_n by_o custom_n be_v indulge_v and_o in_o some_o place_n officer_n who_o transgress_v in_o this_o point_n be_v punish_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o place_n and_o such_o as_o have_v do_v so_o may_v be_v sure_a none_o will_v be_v so_o kind_a as_o to_o plead_v for_o their_o restoration_n these_o law_n ordinance_n and_o court_n of_o war_n the_o sentence_n of_o these_o court_n and_o execution_n of_o these_o sentence_n make_v up_o that_o part_n of_o a_o militia_n which_o ordinary_o war._n discipline_n of_o war._n be_v call_v the_o discipline_n of_o war_n for_o the_o right_a order_n and_o regulate_v whereof_o a_o auditor-general_n inferior_a auditor_n a_o marshal-general_n inferior_a provost_n marshal_n and_o their_o lieutenant_n with_o executioner_n or_o hangman_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a member_n in_o all_o army_n the_o auditor-general_n be_v he_o who_o we_o call_v judge_n marshal_n and_o who_o some_o marshal_n judge_n marshal_n call_v judg-advocate_n he_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o grave_n and_o judicious_a person_n
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man_n to_o stand_v perpetual_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n and_o these_o he_o call_v and_o i_o think_v very_o deserve_o the_o sinew_n and_o nerve_n of_o france_n next_o they_o will_v object_v that_o the_o mamaluk_n keep_v their_o empire_n in_o egypt_n and_o syria_n above_o two_o hundred_o year_n with_o horse_n and_o without_o foot_n this_o be_v a_o horrible_a mistake_n for_o their_o town_n and_o fort_n be_v take_v by_o foot_n and_o defend_v by_o foot_n without_o horse_n they_o also_o lose_v their_o empire_n by_o put_v too_o much_o trust_v in_o their_o horse_n for_o the_o great_a turk_n selim_n with_o his_o foot_n and_o cannon_n beat_v and_o kill_v campson_n gaurus_n in_o the_o field_n and_o tomomby_n at_o cairo_n and_o so_o put_v a_o end_n to_o that_o tyrannical_a monarchy_n three_o they_o will_v instance_n the_o persian_a who_o defend_v his_o kingdom_n without_o foot_n only_o with_o cavalry_n but_o this_o be_v a_o mistake_n for_o their_o town_n be_v defend_v with_o foot_n and_o ishmael_n in_o the_o calderan_fw-ge plain_n pay_v dear_a for_o trust_v so_o much_o to_o his_o horse_n when_o he_o be_v chase_v away_o by_o selines_n foot_n and_o artillery_n since_o that_o time_n the_o king_n of_o persia_n have_v endeavour_v but_o without_o success_n to_o get_v european_a officer_n to_o train_v their_o foot_n and_o order_v their_o artillery_n for_o my_o part_n i_o can_v as_o soon_o dream_n that_o the_o persian_a squadron_n of_o horse_n put_v themselves_o in_o enchant_a castle_n as_o that_o they_o defend_v their_o town_n against_o sieges_n and_o assault_n of_o the_o turk_n with_o horse_n and_o no_o foot_n and_o i_o can_v as_o soon_o fancy_n that_o the_o sophi_n ride_v with_o forty_o thousand_o persian_n all_o on_o horseback_n over_o the_o wall_n of_o babylon_n as_o that_o he_o take_v it_o back_o from_o the_o turk_n without_o a_o infantry_n the_o hungarian_n will_v come_v next_o in_o play_n but_o they_o never_o manage_v any_o of_o their_o war_n without_o foot_n 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great_a trust_n they_o repose_v in_o a_o numerous_a and_o valiant_a cavalry_n at_o a_o cheap_a rate_n in_o the_o year_n 1621._o pole_n be_v save_v almost_o by_o a_o miracle_n for_o assure_o prince_n vladislaus_n will_v not_o have_v defend_v his_o father_n kingdom_n though_o he_o have_v eighty_o thousand_o horse_n and_o some_o thousand_o of_o foot_n with_o he_o against_o sultan_n osman_n who_o invade_v it_o with_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o turk_n the_o great_a body_n and_o strength_n whereof_o consist_v in_o the_o janissary_n who_o mutiny_v against_o the_o grand_a signior_n force_v he_o back_o to_o constantinople_n but_o what_o a_o risk_a do_v pole_n run_v late_o in_o the_o year_n 1655_o and_o 1656_o and_o 1657_o where_o charles_n gustavus_n overcome_v that_o kingdom_n with_o a_o army_n of_o twenty_o thousand_o man_n most_o of_o they_o foot_n and_o observe_v what_o a_o well_o train_v and_o order_v infantry_n can_v do_v anno_fw-la 1656_o when_o the_o rebellious_a polonian_n have_v return_v to_o their_o duty_n and_o that_o their_o king_n john_n casâ—mir_n in_o the_o head_n of_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o horse_n and_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o foot_n and_o cannon_n assist_v and_o flankt_v with_o some_o trench_n and_o redoubt_n be_v rout_v and_o beat_v out_o of_o the_o field_n by_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n both_o who_o force_v in_o horse_n and_o foot_n do_v not_o exceed_v thirty_o two_o thousand_o if_o all_o this_o be_v true_a that_o i_o have_v say_v as_o i_o believe_v it_o be_v than_o i_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o foot-service_n be_v more_o necessary_a more_o honourable_a and_o of_o great_a trust_n than_o the_o horse_n one_o since_o i_o believe_v i_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o a_o war_n in_o all_o its_o part_n point_n and_o dimension_n may_v be_v manage_v with_o
foot_n without_o any_o horse_n though_o i_o confess_v not_o so_o well_o but_o that_o it_o can_v be_v so_o without_o foot_n be_v a_o pure_a speculation_n why_o shall_v then_o officer_n of_o horse_n be_v so_o overween_v as_o to_o pretend_v to_o a_o superiority_n over_o commander_n of_o foot_n of_o equal_a quality_n with_o themselves_o since_o they_o themselves_o may_v with_o less_o hurt_n and_o less_o inconvenience_n be_v spare_v out_o of_o a_o army_n than_o those_o of_o the_o infantry_n nor_o do_v i_o see_v with_o what_o right_a a_o officer_n of_o horse_n can_v pretend_v to_o the_o command_n of_o a_o officer_n of_o dragoon_n of_o the_o like_a quality_n for_o that_o dragoon_n be_v reckon_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o cavalry_n though_o their_o service_n be_v on_o foot_n will_v only_o entitle_v the_o general_n or_o lieutenant-general_n or_o major_a general_n of_o the_o horse_n to_o command_v over_o they_o but_o not_o a_o ritmaster_n to_o give_v order_n to_o a_o captain_n of_o dragoon_n unless_o he_o can_v show_v a_o elder_a patent_n yet_o when_o i_o serve_v in_o germany_n this_o emperor_n father_n order_v a_o colonel-general_n over_o all_o his_o dragoon_n but_o whether_o he_o be_v independent_a from_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a of_o the_o horse_n i_o can_v so_o well_o tell_v and_o if_o in_o the_o field_n the_o commander_n of_o horse_n ought_v not_o to_o assume_v this_o superiority_n much_o less_o ought_v they_o to_o do_v it_o in_o garrison_n town_n castle_n or_o yet_o in_o barricade_a village_n for_o these_o do_v resemble_v fortify_v place_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n notwithstanding_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o who_o understand_v well_o enough_o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v of_o very_o hard_a digestion_n for_o a_o officer_n of_o horse_n though_o within_o a_o fort_n or_o wall_a town_n to_o receive_v order_n from_o a_o foot-officer_n of_o a_o low_a quality_n than_o himself_o suppose_v a_o colonel_n of_o horse_n to_o be_v under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o lieutenant-colonel_n of_o foot_n or_o a_o major_n of_o horse_n under_o a_o captain_n of_o foot_n for_o though_o there_o be_v no_o subordination_n between_o they_o yet_o when_o a_o officer_n of_o a_o high_a quality_n be_v command_v by_o one_o of_o a_o inferior_a degree_n it_o bring_v superior_a charge_n in_o disrespect_n and_o disesteem_v which_o will_v careful_o be_v avoid_v koningsmark_n who_o become_v a_o famous_a general_n in_o the_o german_a war_n when_o he_o be_v colonel_n of_o horse_n come_v to_o lie_v with_o some_o of_o his_o troop_n in_o osnabrug_n where_o lieutenant_n colonel_n lumsdaine_n command_v in_o absence_n of_o his_o brother_n sir_n james_n koningsmark_n pretend_v to_o that_o command_n protest_v that_o if_o sir_n james_n who_o be_v a_o colonel_n have_v be_v there_o he_o will_v willing_o have_v submit_v to_o his_o command_n but_o that_o either_o himself_o or_o any_o other_o colonel_n shall_v receive_v order_n from_o a_o lieutenant-colonel_n be_v a_o thing_n he_o neither_o can_v nor_o will_v understand_v a_o temperament_n be_v find_v out_o by_o those_o who_o mediate_v between_o they_o and_o the_o expedient_a be_v that_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n shall_v keep_v the_o key_n and_o exercise_v all_o other_o function_n of_o a_o governor_n except_o the_o give_v the_o word_n which_o the_o colonel_n of_o horse_n shall_v give_v week_n about_o this_o save_v the_o lieutenant-colonel_n interest_n and_o the_o colonel_n reputation_n the_o great_a gustavus_n adolphus_n king_n of_o sweden_n order_v that_o where_o two_o or_o more_o colonel_n of_o horse_n or_o foot_n be_v in_o the_o field_n or_o quarter_n together_o without_o any_o general_a officer_n to_o command_v above_o they_o the_o colonel_n who_o have_v the_o elder_a commission_n shall_v command_v in_o chief_a whether_o he_o serve_v to_o horse_n or_o to_o foot_n and_o so_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o all_o other_o officer_n under_o a_o colonel_n and_o whereas_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o that_o many_o several_a colonel_n may_v have_v receive_v their_o patent_n all_o in_o one_o day_n or_o that_o otherwise_o their_o antiquity_n may_v be_v debateable_a in_o that_o case_n it_o be_v order_v that_o they_o shall_v cast_v lot_n which_o be_v a_o excellent_a way_n for_o the_o wise_a of_o man_n have_v leâ—t_v it_o on_o record_n in_o the_o best_a of_o book_n that_o the_o lot_n cause_v contention_n to_o cease_v and_o part_v between_o the_o mighty_a now_o why_o shall_v any_o soldier_n or_o why_o shall_v any_o general_n nay_o why_o shall_v any_o prince_n be_v ashamed_a to_o follow_v the_o rule_n or_o example_n of_o so_o famous_a a_o king_n or_o so_o renown_v a_o captain_n as_o great_a gustavus_n be_v know_v to_o have_v be_v have_v speak_v so_o much_o to_o the_o first_o question_n i_o suppose_v i_o need_v speak_v but_o little_a to_o the_o second_o which_o you_o may_v remember_v i_o subdivide_v into_o two_o part_n the_o first_o be_v whether_o a_o officer_n of_o horse_n may_v command_v a_o officer_n of_o foot_n though_o of_o a_o superior_a quality_n as_o suppose_v a_o lieutenant_n of_o horse_n command_v a_o captain_n of_o foot_n a_o quartermaster_n of_o a_o troop_n of_o horse_n to_o command_v a_o lieutenant_n of_o foot_n a_o captain_n of_o horse_n to_o command_v a_o major_a of_o foot_n and_o that_o only_a by_o virtue_n of_o their_o serve_v on_o horseback_n but_o if_o it_o be_v true_a what_o i_o have_v assert_v and_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o no_o officer_n what_o ever_o their_o service_n be_v horse_n or_o foot_n of_o equal_a quality_n can_v with_o reason_n pretend_v to_o the_o command_n of_o one_o another_o than_o it_o will_v assure_o follow_v that_o a_o inferour_n can_v far_o less_o pretend_v to_o any_o such_o authority_n over_o a_o superior_a but_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o great_a difficulty_n in_o the_o second_o question_n which_o be_v whether_o a_o officer_n of_o a_o king_n prince_z or_o general_n guard_n either_o of_o horse_n or_o foot_n aught_o to_o command_v over_o not_o only_o his_o equal_n in_o another_o regiment_n or_o troop_n but_o even_o over_o those_o who_o in_o quality_n be_v above_o he_o as_o whether_o a_o lieutenant_n of_o these_o guard_n may_v not_o or_o shall_v not_o command_v over_o any_o captain_n of_o another_o regiment_n or_o a_o captain_n of_o those_o guard_n over_o any_o major_n of_o the_o army_n and_o true_o as_o the_o question_n be_v state_v and_o so_o ordinary_o it_o be_v state_v i_o must_v answer_v negative_o and_o yet_o shall_v go_v as_o great_a a_o length_n with_o these_o officer_n of_o guard_n as_o i_o conceive_v true_a military_a discipline_n and_o method_n of_o war_n will_v permit_v i_o and_o perhaps_o further_o i_o say_v then_o that_o a_o general_n guard_n either_o of_o horse_n or_o foot_n much_o more_o that_o of_o a_o king_n or_o absolute_a prince_n in_o a_o march_n shall_v constant_o have_v the_o vaunt_v of_o all_o other_o regiment_n company_n or_o troop_n of_o the_o army_n both_o for_o their_o honour_n and_o that_o they_o may_v be_v in_o time_n at_o the_o head_n quarter_n to_o officiate_v and_o do_v duty_n i_o say_v next_o that_o all_o officer_n belong_v to_o these_o guard_n have_v the_o priority_n and_o precedency_n not_o only_o of_o door_n and_o table_n but_o even_o in_o all_o court_n and_o council_n of_o war_n before_o any_o other_o officer_n in_o the_o army_n of_o their_o own_o rank_n and_o quality_n but_o not_o of_o other_o of_o a_o high_a charge_n nay_o more_o though_o it_o be_v a_o receive_a maxim_n both_o in_o the_o civil_a and_o military_a law_n that_o par_n in_o parem_fw-la non_fw-la habet_fw-la potestatem_fw-la one_o equal_a have_v no_o power_n over_o his_o equal_a yet_o i_o hold_v when_o officer_n of_o guard_n be_v by_o some_o emergency_n or_o other_o or_o by_o command_n to_o march_v or_o quarter_n with_o officer_n of_o other_o regiment_n of_o equal_a quality_n the_o officer_n of_o the_o guard_n shall_v have_v the_o command_n over_o the_o other_o suppose_v these_o be_v either_o captain_n lieutenaut_n major_n lieutenant_n colonel_n or_o colonel_n further_o than_o this_o i_o can_v go_v till_o i_o get_v more_o light_n than_o the_o high_a demand_n of_o some_o have_v yet_o afford_v i_o nor_o can_v i_o fancy_v any_o reason_n for_o this_o pretence_n of_o superiority_n but_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o prince_n his_o general_n or_o his_o privy_a council_n and_o indeed_o that_o must_v neither_o be_v contradict_v nor_o control_v yet_o i_o conceive_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o such_o a_o unusual_a command_n may_v be_v represent_v to_o the_o prince_n his_o general_n and_o his_o council_n and_o i_o suppose_v they_o will_v be_v loath_a to_o give_v or_o to_o leave_v any_o occasion_n of_o heart_n burn_n animosity_n debate_n or_o discontent_n how_o strange_a and_o odd_a will_v it_o be_v to_o see_v a_o young_a and_o raw_a captain_n of_o the_o guard_n who_o
then_o that_o captain-general_n commissionate_v lieutenant-general_n to_o command_v petty_a army_n under_o he_o but_o when_o he_o join_v his_o force_n the_o command_n of_o the_o lieutenant-general_n seem_v to_o cease_v because_o he_o be_v but_o the_o deputy_n of_o he_o that_o send_v he_o and_o a_o representative_a be_v no_o more_o a_o representative_a when_o he_o who_o he_o represent_v be_v present_a the_o roman_a consul_n have_v their_o lieutenant_n general_n who_o be_v call_v legate_n who_o command_v army_n apart_o legate_n roman_n legate_n when_o the_o consul_n think_v fit_a but_o have_v no_o command_n when_o the_o consul_n be_v present_a nor_o do_v caesar_n give_v those_o legate_n even_o in_o the_o consul_n absence_n a_o absolute_a power_n for_o speak_v of_o one_o of_o his_o own_o legate_n in_o the_o french_a war_n i_o believe_v it_o be_v labienus_n he_o commend_v he_o for_o not_o hazard_v a_o battle_n with_o the_o gaul_n though_o he_o seem_v to_o have_v the_o advantage_n because_o say_v he_o a_o legate_n have_v not_o that_o power_n which_o he_o have_v who_o be_v imperator_n or_o commander_n in_o chief_a one_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o aumale_a command_v a_o army_n in_o france_n against_o the_o protestant_n with_o the_o title_n of_o lieutenant-general_n but_o so_o soon_o as_o he_o join_v force_n with_o henry_n duke_n of_o anjou_n who_o be_v captain-general_n for_o his_o brother_n charles_n the_o nine_o the_o duke_n resign_v both_o his_o title_n and_o office_n but_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o lieutenant-general_n continue_v both_o in_o their_o title_n and_o office_n in_o their_o general_n presence_n and_o i_o have_v know_v feltmarshals_a have_v lieutenant-general_n under_o they_o who_o have_v command_v both_o the_o horse_n and_o foot_n of_o their_o army_n even_o when_o the_o feltmarshals_a be_v present_a as_o the_o earl_n of_o brainford_n who_o be_v lieutenant-general_n to_o felt-marshal_n barrier_n and_o king_n who_o be_v lieutenant-general_n to_o felt-marshal_n leslie_n i_o think_v the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovia_n have_v a_o very_a commendable_a custom_n to_o choose_v any_o of_o their_o colonel_n who_o they_o fancy_n be_v qualify_v for_o it_o to_o be_v general_n or_o lieutenant-general_n of_o a_o competent_a number_n of_o force_n fit_a for_o the_o expedition_n they_o be_v to_o be_v employ_v in_o and_o so_o soon_o as_o that_o piece_n of_o service_n be_v custom_n a_o good_a custom_n do_v the_o colonel_n lay_v down_o his_o commission_n and_o return_n to_o his_o former_a charge_n without_o the_o least_o thought_n or_o imagination_n that_o he_o be_v disparage_v thereby_o the_o frequent_a practice_n of_o this_o custom_n banish_v such_o thought_n out_o of_o all_o man_n head_n neither_o will_v such_o a_o practice_n be_v fancy_v to_o be_v a_o degrade_n of_o man_n from_o former_a honour_n in_o other_o place_n of_o the_o world_n if_o they_o be_v but_o a_o little_a habituate_v to_o it_o the_o french_a give_v now_o the_o title_n of_o lieutenant-general_n very_o frequent_o i_o suppose_v they_o be_v independent_a one_o of_o another_o and_o be_v the_o king_n lieutenant-general_n which_o be_v very_o proper_a and_o obey_v none_o but_o such_o as_o he_o command_v to_o give_v order_n to_o they_o a_o general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n command_v it_o under_o he_o who_o be_v commander_n in_o cavalry_n general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n chief_a of_o the_o army_n whatever_o title_n he_o bear_v whether_o general_n felt-marshal_n lieutenant_n felt-marshal_n or_o lieutenant-general_n he_o be_v to_o see_v the_o troop_n and_o regiment_n of_o horse_n keep_v at_o that_o strength_n that_o they_o be_v appoint_v to_o be_v of_o and_o if_o by_o battle_n long_a march_n great_a fatigue_n or_o other_o accident_n of_o war_n the_o number_n of_o man_n be_v diminish_v horse_n lose_v or_o make_v unserviceable_a it_o be_v his_o duty_n when_o they_o come_v to_o quarter_n to_o see_v the_o troop_n make_v strong_a the_o horse_n put_v in_o good_a case_n and_o the_o rider_n well_o clothe_v and_o arm_v in_o muster_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o see_v that_o no_o colonel_n or_o ritmaster_n wrong_v the_o muster-master_n by_o duty_n his_o duty_n make_v a_o show_n of_o borrow_a man_n horse_n or_o arm_n whereby_o the_o prince_n may_v be_v cheat_v in_o his_o purse_n or_o disappoint_v in_o his_o service_n he_o be_v to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o cavalry_n be_v pay_v and_o provide_v with_o proviant_a and_o fodderage_n and_o good_a quarter_n he_o shall_v also_o be_v a_o person_n who_o understand_v something_o of_o the_o foot-service_n in_o regard_n that_o when_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o horse_n be_v send_v in_o any_o expedition_n ordinary_o some_o foot_n be_v send_v with_o they_o and_o then_o it_o be_v the_o general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n office_n to_o command_v both_o but_o it_o be_v a_o pity_n that_o all_o general_n person_n shall_v not_o make_v it_o their_o study_n and_o their_o work_n to_o understand_v both_o the_o foot_n and_o horse-service_n for_o i_o have_v see_v considerable_a party_n of_o foot_n more_o harassed_a and_o spoil_v in_o ashort_a time_n under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o officer_n of_o horse_n than_o if_o they_o have_v be_v rout_v by_o a_o enemy_n so_o little_a discretion_n some_o have_v to_o know_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o man_n and_o a_o horse_n it_o seem_v in_o the_o low-country_n service_n the_o general_n of_o the_o horse_n command_v next_o the_o general_n and_o in_o his_o absence_n over_o the_o army_n even_o when_o they_o have_v feltmarshals_a but_o that_o custom_n be_v not_o now_o in_o other_o place_n where_o feltmarshals_a and_o lieutenant-felt-marshals_a command_n the_o general_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o it_o will_v seem_v that_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n have_v now_o void_v the_o difference_n otherwise_o since_o they_o qualify_v the_o two_o commander_n in_o chief_a of_o their_o army_n with_o the_o title_n of_o feltmarshals_a prince_n maurice_n and_o wurz_n a_o lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o horse_n be_v in_o his_o general_n absence_n to_o do_v the_o cavalry_n lieutenant_n general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n same_o duty_n he_o shall_v have_v the_o same_o qualification_n if_o the_o cavalry_n be_v marshal_v in_o one_o body_n the_o general_n be_v to_o stand_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o it_o and_o the_o lieutenant-general_n on_o the_o left_a but_o if_o the_o horse_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o two_o wing_n the_o general_n command_v the_o right_a and_o the_o lieutenant-general_n command_v the_o left_a wing_n a_o major-general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n be_v to_o receive_v the_o word_n and_o all_o other_o order_n horse_n major_a general_n of_o the_o horse_n from_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a of_o the_o army_n he_o be_v to_o impart_v they_o to_o the_o general_n and_o the_o lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o after_o he_o have_v receive_v their_o command_n he_o be_v to_o give_v all_o to_o the_o regiment_n quarter-master_n of_o horse_n which_o they_o carry_v to_o the_o several_a regiment_n all_o complaint_n and_o difference_n between_o officer_n and_o horseman_n or_o among_o themselves_o be_v first_o bring_v to_o he_o which_o he_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o compose_v in_o a_o amicable_a way_n but_o if_o he_o can_v horse_n major-general_n of_o horse_n he_o be_v to_o proceed_v according_a to_o the_o article_n and_o constitution_n of_o war._n he_o have_v the_o inspection_n of_o all_o the_o guard_n of_o horse_n and_o order_n they_o and_o keep_v list_n of_o convoy_n and_o party_n that_o the_o several_a officer_n and_o trooper_n may_v have_v their_o turn_n in_o which_o a_o major-general_n shall_v show_v himself_o very_o impartial_a for_o very_o few_o or_o none_o there_o be_v who_o will_v not_o think_v themselves_o wrong_v in_o their_o reputation_n duty_n his_o duty_n if_o other_o be_v prefer_v to_o they_o where_o either_o danger_n may_v probable_o be_v look_v for_o or_o profit_v expect_v unless_o it_o can_v be_v make_v clear_a to_o 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adolphus_n and_o lind_n
our_o first_o parent_n have_v not_o rebel_v against_o their_o creator_n their_o posterity_n have_v enjoy_v a_o everlasting_a peace_n and_o so_o such_o a_o person_n as_o we_o now_o speak_v of_o have_v be_v very_o unnecessary_a but_o i_o assure_v myself_o never_o man_n except_o adam_n when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o state_n of_o perfection_n be_v endue_v with_o these_o gift_n wherewith_o some_o notional_a author_n will_v have_v a_o captain_n general_n to_o be_v qualify_v he_o must_v say_v general_n a_o notional_a description_n of_o a_o captain_n general_n they_o be_v pious_a towards_o god_n just_a towards_o man_n and_o loyal_a to_o his_o master_n he_o must_v be_v very_o affable_a very_o wise_a of_o a_o sudden_a and_o quick_a apprehension_n of_o a_o solid_a judgement_n and_o happy_a memory_n he_o must_v be_v very_o severe_a in_o his_o command_n and_o yet_o very_o merciful_a he_o must_v be_v liberal_a and_o free_a from_o all_o manner_n of_o avarice_n painful_a magnanimous_a and_o courageous_a 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fatherless_a and_o father_n childless_a he_o may_v lose_v the_o honour_n and_o beauty_n of_o a_o whole_a province_n yea_o of_o a_o whole_a kingdom_n all_o which_o he_o be_v bind_v by_o his_o office_n and_o charge_n to_o preserve_v the_o consideration_n of_o these_o thing_n move_v most_o of_o the_o ancient_a king_n and_o emperor_n person_n a_o prince_n to_o manage_v his_o war_n in_o person_n and_o those_o of_o latter_a time_n likewise_o to_o manage_v their_o war_n and_o lead_v their_o army_n in_o person_n those_o who_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o first_o four_o monarchy_n do_v so_o as_o in_o the_o assyrian_a nimrod_n belus_n ninus_n and_o semiramis_n and_o when_o their_o posterity_n do_v it_o not_o their_o empire_n be_v in_o the_o wain_n and_o end_v with_o sardanapalus_n who_o hide_v himself_o from_o the_o sight_n of_o man_n among_o his_o woman_n cyrus_n lead_v his_o army_n himself_o so_o do_v some_o of_o his_o successor_n but_o when_o other_o of_o they_o stay_v at_o home_n 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of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o saracen_n when_o the_o king_n of_o france_n of_o the_o merovingian_n and_o carolomannian_a race_n keep_v within_o their_o palace_n and_o suffer_v the_o major_n thereof_o to_o govern_v their_o army_n they_o lose_v their_o kingdom_n and_o crown_n our_o king_n of_o scotland_n and_o england_n use_v most_o to_o manage_v their_o war_n themselves_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o lead_v his_o great_a army_n himself_o and_o for_o most_o part_n be_v always_o victorious_a for_o his_o loss_n at_o algiers_n occasion_v by_o the_o visible_a hand_n of_o heaven_n and_o his_o force_a retreat_n from_o inspruck_a and_o the_o siege_n of_o metz_n be_v but_o small_a blemish_n in_o the_o beautiful_a and_o fair_a map_n of_o his_o victorious_a reign_n but_o since_o his_o time_n his_o successor_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n have_v sit_v at_o home_n and_o entrust_v their_o army_n to_o their_o general_n and_o we_o see_v that_o their_o wide_a and_o far_o stretch_v monarchy_n 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charles_n the_o compare_v action_n of_o two_o brother_n compare_v five_o of_o who_o i_o but_o just_a now_o speak_v and_o ferdinand_n the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n hungaria_n and_o bohemia_n the_o first_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v lead_v his_o most_o considerable_a army_n himself_o the_o second_o stay_v constant_o at_o home_n and_o send_v his_o captain_n general_n to_o manage_v his_o war_n of_o great_a importance_n mark_v the_o issue_n ferdinand_n lose_v three_o royal_a army_n each_o of_o they_o compose_v of_o a_o well_o appoint_v cavalry_n infantry_n and_o train_n of_o artillery_n one_o of_o they_o at_o esâ—câ—hiâ—_n under_o cazzianer_n another_o at_o buda_n under_o rocandolf_n and_o the_o three_o at_o pesth_n under_o joachiâ—â—_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n all_o three_o be_v woeful_o and_o shameful_o lose_v without_o fight_v and_o if_o any_o think_v that_o the_o misfortune_n of_o all_o the_o three_o or_o any_o one_o of_o they_o can_v not_o have_v be_v prevent_v by_o 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for_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o besiege_a queen_n and_o city_n of_o buda_n and_o that_o soliman_n himself_o by_o speedy_a march_n be_v hasten_v thither_o can_v not_o be_v move_v or_o persuade_v by_o any_o entreaty_n or_o remonstrance_n of_o the_o principal_a commander_n of_o his_o army_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n vow_v and_o protest_v that_o he_o neither_o can_v nor_o will_v do_v it_o without_o a_o express_a warrant_n from_o his_o master_n king_n ferdinand_n but_o before_o that_o can_v come_v he_o and_o his_o misfortunate_a army_n be_v both_o irrecoverable_o ruin_v the_o sad_a history_n of_o all_o these_o three_o army_n you_o may_v read_v at_o length_n in_o paolo_n giovio_n be_v please_v to_o take_v another_o instance_n of_o a_o late_a date_n in_o the_o year_n 1657_o charles_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n invade_v the_o duchy_n of_o holstein_n with_o a_o very_a inconsiderable_a army_n his_o horseman_n and_o his_o soldier_n be_v almost_o naked_a and_o all_o beat_a compare_v action_n of_o two_o king_n compare_v with_o a_o long_a march_n from_o pole_n nor_o be_v it_o so_o strong_a as_o eleven_o thousand_o of_o all_o frederick_n the_o three_o king_n of_o denmark_n entrust_v a_o well_o appoint_v army_n of_o sixteen_o thousand_o horse_n and_o foot_n to_o a_o feltmarshal_n and_o stay_v at_o copâ—nhagen_n himself_o by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o his_o privy_a council_n the_o swede_n be_v in_o person_n on_o the_o head_n of_o his_o harassed_a army_n prevail_v every_o where_o ruin_v the_o danish_a army_n without_o one_o blow_n and_o besiege_v the_o relic_n of_o it_o in_o frederichsode_n a_o strong_a town_n storm_v it_o and_o take_v it_o with_o the_o slaughter_n of_o the_o danish_a feltmarshal_n and_o most_o of_o his_o man_n and_o get_v in_o it_o above_o one_o hundred_o brass-gun_n and_o much_o ammunition_n after_o this_o a_o vehement_a frost_n be_v command_v from_o heaven_n to_o favour_v he_o with_o a_o bridge_n he_o step_v over_o the_o ice_n from_o isle_n to_o isle_n on_o the_o belt_n where_o he_o force_v the_o dane_n to_o accept_v of_o such_o condition_n as_o he_o impose_v which_o be_v both_o dishonourable_a and_o disadvantageous_a sure_o if_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n have_v be_v personal_o present_a with_o his_o force_n he_o have_v at_o lest_o once_o fight_v for_o it_o to_o make_v war_n in_o person_n seem_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o essential_a duty_n of_o a_o king_n or_o sovereign_a prince_n this_o be_v one_o of_o those_o reason_n which_o the_o people_n of_o god_n give_v for_o their_o desire_n to_o have_v a_o king_n to_o rule_v over_o they_o to_o do_v justice_n among_o ourselves_o person_n king_n of_o israel_n and_o judah_n make_v war_n iâ—_n person_n and_o to_o lead_v out_o our_o army_n to_o battle_n against_o our_o enemy_n and_o they_o add_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o other_o nation_n so_o than_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o king_n at_o that_o time_n go_v to_o the_o field_n in_o person_n so_o do_v saul_n the_o first_o king_n of_o israel_n and_o so_o do_v david_n and_o most_o of_o all_o his_o successor_n king_n of_o judah_n and_o israel_n and_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o david_n make_v joab_n his_o captain_n general_n i_o give_v two_o answer_n first_o joab_n authority_n cease_v when_o david_n be_v present_a which_o he_o be_v almost_o constant_o with_o his_o force_n answer_v the_o objection_n of_o joab_n answer_v till_o he_o be_v establish_v king_n of_o israel_n for_o joab_n employment_n where_o he_o command_v in_o chief_a if_o i_o have_v observe_v right_a be_v first_o against_o the_o rebel_n absalon_n and_o this_o be_v a_o civil_a war_n and_o then_o against_o the_o ammonite_n and_o that_o be_v a_o foreign_a war_n both_o these_o have_v their_o rise_n from_o sudden_a emergency_n in_o the_o last_o the_o king_n presence_n till_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a and_o in_o the_o first_o not_o at_o all_o convenient_a but_o second_o i_o answer_v that_o david_n do_v often_o repent_v he_o of_o the_o large_a commission_n he_o have_v give_v to_o joab_n who_o thereby_o make_v himself_o so_o strong_a that_o the_o king_n dare_v not_o hazard_v to_o punish_v he_o for_o his_o misdemeanour_n which_o he_o often_o insinuate_v in_o those_o word_n you_o be_v too_o strong_a for_o i_o you_o son_n of_o zâ—rviah_n answer_v that_o oâ—_n benajah_n answer_v as_o to_o solomon_n make_v benajah_n captain_n general_n it_o signify_v but_o little_a since_o there_o be_v no_o war_n in_o his_o time_n and_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o host_n be_v almost_o constant_o beside_o he_o if_o any_o war_n have_v fall_v out_o probable_o solomon_n will_v have_v conduct_v his_o force_n himself_o but_o his_o reign_n be_v peaceable_a as_o be_v the_o type_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o peace_n yet_o he_o may_v have_v repent_v it_o if_o he_o have_v confer_v that_o high_a trust_n on_o jeroboam_n who_o if_o he_o have_v be_v captain_n general_n probable_o will_v not_o have_v flee_v to_o egypt_n for_o fear_n of_o king_n solomon_n for_o his_o 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he_o may_v be_v ransom_v and_o use_v as_o a_o officer_n or_o hang_v as_o a_o spy_n be_v a_o question_n which_o because_o i_o can_v determine_v i_o shall_v leave_v it_o as_o a_o problem_n the_o french_a have_v late_o constitute_v a_o captain_n of_o guide_n who_o perhaps_o be_v the_o captain_n of_o spy_n i_o speak_v of_o chap._n xvi_o embattel_v by_o the_o square-root_n examine_v and_o reject_v the_o great_a apostle_n of_o the_o gentile_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o fashion_n of_o this_o world_n perish_v and_o true_o i_o admire_v not_o at_o all_o that_o embattel_v body_n of_o foot_n and_o horse_n by_o the_o square-root_n be_v wear_v out_o of_o fashion_n but_o i_o admire_v much_o that_o square-root_n several_a kind_n of_o batallion_n marshal_v by_o the_o square-root_n ever_o it_o be_v in_o fashion_n i_o shall_v not_o offer_v
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castrametation_n in_o one_o leaguer_n according_a to_o this_o pattern_n give_v we_o by_o cyrus_n he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a shall_v lodge_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o army_n and_o his_o guard_n next_o he_o about_o he_o the_o general_a officer_n train_z of_o artillery_n magazine_n of_o proviant_a and_o wagon_n without_o all_o these_o the_o cavalry_n whether_o they_o be_v curiassier_n or_o harquebusier_n and_o without_o they_o the_o infantry_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v near_a the_o rampart_n as_o fit_a to_o maintain_v it_o and_o soon_o ready_a to_o run_v to_o the_o parapet_n of_o the_o wall_n or_o gate_n of_o the_o camp_n till_o the_o horseman_n have_v time_n give_v they_o to_o saddle_n and_o bridle_v their_o horse_n but_o before_o the_o quartermaster_n general_n begin_v to_o measure_v out_o the_o camp_n it_o will_v be_v fit_v that_o the_o general_n by_o trumpet_n and_o drum_n make_v his_o pleasure_n general_n some_o proclamation_n from_o the_o general_n know_v in_o these_o particular_n that_o none_o presume_v to_o come_v near_o the_o quartermaster_n general_n while_o he_o be_v do_v his_o duty_n but_o quarter-master_n fourier_n and_o a_o few_o to_o serve_v they_o lest_o by_o a_o multitude_n of_o spectator_n and_o gazer_n he_o and_o those_o with_o he_o be_v disturb_v in_o the_o exercise_n of_o their_o charge_n that_o none_o offer_v to_o pull_v up_o take_v away_o or_o remove_v any_o staff_n or_o mark_n that_o be_v plant_v or_o fix_v for_o designation_n of_o quarter_n hut_n or_o tent_n that_o no_o officer_n or_o soldier_n presume_v to_o take_v any_o more_o or_o any_o other_o ground_n than_o that_o which_o be_v allot_v to_o he_o by_o the_o castrametator_fw-la that_o no_o turf_n be_v cast_v up_o within_o the_o circumference_n castrametation_n must_v precede_v the_o castrametation_n of_o the_o camp_n for_o spoil_v it_o especial_o in_o rainy_a weather_n that_o no_o fire_n be_v make_v among_o the_o tent_n and_o hut_n but_o only_o in_o those_o place_n which_o be_v allot_v for_o they_o all_o these_o thing_n shall_v be_v intimate_v or_o what_o else_o the_o present_a circumstance_n of_o place_n time_n accident_n or_o emergence_n may_v require_v the_o quartermaster_n general_n shall_v have_v list_n give_v he_o of_o the_o number_n of_o every_o regiment_n troop_n or_o company_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o because_o all_o regiment_n be_v not_o alike_o strong_a of_o company_n nor_o all_o company_n alike_o strong_a quartermaster_n list_n must_v be_v give_v to_o the_o general_a quartermaster_n of_o man_n the_o roll_n must_v mention_v how_o many_o troop_n and_o company_n be_v in_o each_o regiment_n and_o how_o many_o man_n in_o each_o company_n a_o list_n must_v be_v give_v he_o by_o the_o quartermaster_n of_o the_o general_n staff_n how_o many_o general_a officer_n be_v to_o be_v lodge_v about_o the_o general_n he_o must_v have_v roll_n of_o all_o the_o person_n gun_n great_a and_o small_a and_o wagon_n belong_v to_o the_o ordnance_n the_o 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all_o that_o attend_v the_o baggage_n of_o his_o army_n to_o mount_v upon_o mule_n and_o sumpter-horse_n and_o hide_v themselves_o in_o some_o near_a hill_n and_o wood_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o fight_n to_o make_v a_o show_n as_o if_o they_o will_v cut_v off_o the_o gaul_n pass_v to_o their_o camp_n which_o the_o muleteer_n do_v upon_o a_o sign_n from_o the_o dictator_n the_o gaul_n immediate_o flee_v such_o a_o stratagein_o do_v king_n robert_n bruce_n happy_o use_v against_o edward_n the_o second_o of_o england_n in_o the_o battle_n near_o sterling_n but_o always_o not_o always_o the_o like_o be_v practise_v by_o the_o french_a at_o agincourt_n against_o henry_n the_o five_o king_n of_o england_n have_v a_o issue_n contrary_a to_o the_o thing_n intend_v it_o have_v be_v always_o and_o ever_o will_v be_v a_o rule_n of_o war_n thaâ—_n no_o man_n offer_v to_o plunder_v or_o look_v for_o booty_n till_o the_o enemy_n be_v total_o rout_v and_o chase_v rout_v no_o plunder_v till_o a_o 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second_o batallion_n likewise_o kill_v and_o take_v all_o those_o naples_n error_n in_o the_o fâ—ench_a retreat_n from_o naples_n of_o the_o first_o batallion_n by_o a_o speedy_a march_n get_v to_o anversa_n and_o save_v themselves_o till_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n come_v and_o make_v they_o render_v on_o discretion_n now_o it_o be_v very_o clear_a that_o if_o the_o marquis_n have_v begin_v his_o retreat_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o night_n or_o at_o midnight_n for_o it_o be_v in_o autumn_n he_o have_v undoubted_o bring_v his_o army_n safe_a to_o anversa_n for_o his_o rear_n will_v have_v be_v soon_o by_o that_o account_n at_o that_o place_n than_o his_o van_n be_v which_o come_v safe_o though_o it_o begin_v not_o to_o march_v till_o break_v of_o day_n and_o by_o the_o bargain_n he_o have_v save_v his_o own_o life_n for_o there_o he_o get_v his_o mortal_a wound_n whereof_o he_o die_v the_o second_o instance_n be_v of_o piter_n strozzi_n a_o florentine_a who_o command_v in_o 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in_o strozzi_n his_o retreat_n from_o sienna_n back_n in_o the_o nighttime_n to_o medici_n to_o who_o family_n he_o carry_v a_o inveterate_a hatred_n will_v needs_o make_v his_o retreat_n in_o spite_n of_o he_o in_o the_o day_n time_n and_o the_o issue_n be_v his_o army_n be_v rout_v and_o himself_o hardly_o escape_v but_o that_o which_o monluc_n write_v of_o this_o be_v very_o observable_a that_o he_o no_o soon_o understand_v that_o strozzi_n have_v resolve_v to_o retire_v in_o the_o daytime_n but_o foresee_v the_o event_n of_o so_o frantic_a a_o resolution_n he_o instant_o conveen_v the_o podesta_n the_o magistrate_n and_o principal_a citizen_n of_o sienna_n and_o assure_v they_o the_o army_n in_o which_o they_o trust_v at_o that_o very_a time_n and_o hour_n in_o which_o he_o be_v speak_v to_o they_o be_v defeat_v and_o therefore_o advise_v they_o without_o delay_n to_o prepare_v for_o a_o siege_n and_o the_o event_n show_v he_o speak_v true_o if_o not_o prophetical_o for_o that_o 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gallant_o defend_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o guise_n till_o the_o imperial_a army_n mouldered_a away_o and_o be_v make_v despicable_a by_o the_o sword_n sickness_n and_o grievous_a winter_n weather_n and_o at_o length_n be_v force_v to_o make_v a_o pitiful_a retreat_n from_o it_o after_o which_o that_o great_a prince_n retire_v to_o a_o cloister_n and_o from_o it_o to_o another_o world_n so_o do_v that_o emperor_n great_a grandfather_n charles_n of_o burgundy_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o vanity_n but_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o loss_n continue_v his_o siege_n of_o nurse_n as_o it_o be_v in_o despite_n of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n and_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o germany_n till_o he_o be_v force_v to_o sneak_v away_o from_o it_o with_o damage_n and_o dishonour_n enough_o so_o do_v rocandolf_n continue_v the_o siege_n of_o buda_n notwithstanding_o all_o the_o prayer_n and_o persuasion_n of_o all_o his_o great_a officer_n to_o the_o contrary_a to_o the_o utter_a undo_n of_o a_o 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force_n or_o in_o a_o retreat_n to_o give_v a_o stop_n to_o a_o enemy_n furious_a pursuit_n and_o this_o ratio_fw-la belli_n in_o such_o case_n have_v ratio_fw-la physica_fw-la in_o the_o belly_n of_o it_o for_o it_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o amputation_n by_o cut_v one_o member_n off_o to_o save_v the_o whole_a body_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n to_o give_v over_o a_o fortify_v place_n without_o a_o noble_a and_o death_n to_o give_v over_o with_o small_a or_o no_o resistance_n punishable_a with_o death_n soldierlike_a resistance_n be_v a_o crime_n which_o come_v near_o to_o that_o of_o treason_n for_o it_o be_v indeed_o tradere_fw-la urbem_fw-la in_o potestatem_fw-la hostess_fw-la to_o betray_v the_o town_n into_o the_o power_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o as_o it_o be_v with_o the_o ancient_n so_o it_o be_v yet_o punishable_a with_o shameful_a death_n monluc_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o commentary_n that_o don_n arbre_fw-mi a_o spanish_a colonel_n cause_v a_o captain_n to_o be_v hang_v at_o 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it_o be_v fit_a to_o speak_v something_o of_o they_o in_o the_o twenty_o three_o chapter_n of_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n i_o have_v show_v you_o the_o manner_n of_o they_o among_o the_o ancient_n between_o which_o and_o that_o use_v in_o the_o modern_a war_n we_o shall_v not_o find_v very_o essential_a difference_n and_o first_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o prisoner_n imprisonment_n be_v one_o of_o those_o seven_o external_a affliction_n which_o learned_a man_n imprisonment_n imprisonment_n say_v follow_v the_o humane_a nature_n and_o may_v befall_v every_o particular_a man_n how_o great_a soever_o he_o be_v emperor_n and_o king_n yea_o our_o bless_a saviour_n as_o he_o be_v man_n be_v not_o exempt_v from_o it_o man_n be_v make_v prisoner_n for_o crime_n for_o debt_n and_o by_o chance_n of_o war_n and_o it_o be_v of_o these_o i_o name_v last_o whereof_o i_o now_o discourse_n how_o those_o shall_v demean_v or_o comfort_v themselves_o i_o leave_v to_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o divine_a or_o moral_a philosopher_n only_o i_o shall_v say_v this_o and_o perhaps_o may_v aver_v it_o to_o be_v true_a that_o if_o soldier_n will_v accustom_v themselves_o to_o be_v sometime_o alone_o and_o learn_v to_o enjoy_v themselves_o without_o other_o company_n and_o have_v those_o meditation_n they_o ought_v to_o have_v of_o their_o own_o mortal_a and_o uncertain_a condition_n they_o will_v endure_v imprisonment_n with_o great_a patience_n than_o those_o can_v who_o when_o they_o be_v at_o liberty_n can_v live_v without_o society_n and_o company_n for_o he_o who_o can_v live_v pleasant_o and_o content_o alone_a will_v find_v a_o prison_n easy_a enough_o if_o no_o other_o affliction_n be_v add_v to_o it_o we_o may_v divide_v all_o prisoner_n of_o war_n into_o two_o class_n of_o those_o who_o be_v take_v class_n prisoner_n of_o war_n divide_v into_o two_o class_n without_o any_o previous_a treaty_n and_o
wrong_a hand_n for_o one_o martio_n colonna_n buy_v he_o from_o he_o who_o have_v take_v he_o purposely_o to_o kill_v he_o and_o poor_a amico_n be_v kill_v and_o by_o martio_n own_o hand_n a_o very_a unmartial_a act_n and_o all_o because_o amico_n have_v fair_o kill_v a_o cousin_n of_o marcio_n one_o stephano_n colonna_n nor_o have_v lex_fw-la talionis_fw-la place_n here_o neither_o the_o italion_n than_o need_v not_o to_o expostulate_v with_o the_o turk_n either_o for_o cruelty_n or_o inobservance_n of_o quarter_n give_v to_o prisoner_n but_o let_v we_o in_o the_o next_o place_n see_v how_o a_o a_o spaniard_n behave_v himself_o and_o he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o no_o mean_a qualility_n in_o keep_v the_o quarter_n that_o be_v give_v to_o prisoner_n of_o war._n when_o philip_n the_o second_o king_n of_o spain_n have_v take_v possession_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o portugal_n his_o admiral_n the_o marquis_n of_o santa_n crux_fw-la at_o a_o sea_n battle_n near_o the_o terceras_n defeat_v 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re_fw-la romanâ_fw-la o_o how_o good_a it_o be_v in_o the_o roman_a milice_fw-la but_o that_o be_v not_o enough_o he_o add_v see_v the_o centurion_n the_o ensign-bearer_n and_o the_o option_n here_o say_v he_o nothing_o be_v want_v nothing_o redound_v yes_o by_o your_o favour_n lipsius_n i_o have_v show_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o roman_a milice_fw-la there_o be_v much_o want_v but_o here_o our_o author_n speak_v not_o one_o word_n of_o or_o against_o the_o order_n of_o the_o modern_a militia_n and_o therefore_o i_o need_v not_o speak_v one_o word_n for_o it_o yet_o he_o seem_v to_o detract_v from_o it_o by_o cry_v up_o the_o other_o so_o much_o when_o he_o speak_v of_o officer_n he_o seem_v to_o say_v the_o roman_n have_v enough_o of_o they_o and_o we_o too_o many_o but_o if_o this_o last_o be_v true_a as_o perhaps_o it_o be_v i_o affirm_v the_o roman_n have_v too_o few_o for_o to_o speak_v of_o their_o foot_n i_o know_v not_o what_o to_o make_v of_o their_o centurion_n sub-centurion_n or_o option_n but_o caporal_n lancespesates_n and_o bringers-up_a as_o i_o tell_v you_o in_o another_o place_n nor_o do_v i_o find_v their_o cavalry_n command_v by_o any_o officer_n in_o chief_a under_o a_o consul_n or_o a_o legate_n for_o the_o decurion_n be_v not_o subordinate_a one_o to_o another_o nor_o have_v any_o of_o they_o a_o great_a command_n than_o our_o corporal_n or_o brigadeer_n of_o horse_n all_o these_o i_o look_v on_o as_o defect_n nor_o have_v lipsius_n prove_v the_o contrary_n in_o our_o modern_a militia_n there_o be_v a_o order_n that_o our_o colonel_n shall_v be_v with_o their_o regiment_n and_o brigade_n and_o not_o stand_v in_o a_o heap_n together_o as_o lipsius_n make_v his_o roman_a tribune_n to_o be_v in_o time_n of_o battle_n all_o at_o the_o eagle_n of_o the_o first_o legion_n wait_v on_o the_o consul_n as_o his_o lackey_n or_o at_o best_o as_o his_o adjutant_n and_o this_o i_o conceive_v be_v another_o defect_n in_o the_o roman_a militia_n 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be_v a_o more_o bow_n the_o bow_n useful_a engine_n of_o war_n than_o a_o harquebus_n i_o shall_v not_o add_v any_o thing_n here_o to_o what_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o neglect_n of_o the_o bow_n but_o though_o i_o think_v well_o of_o it_o i_o dare_v not_o for_o all_o that_o attribute_v so_o much_o to_o the_o strength_n of_o a_o arrow_n shoot_v by_o the_o strong_a arm_n and_o most_o experience_a archer_n that_o ever_o live_v as_o to_o a_o bullet_n shoot_v out_o of_o a_o harquebus_n and_o yet_o lipsius_n attribute_n full_a as_o much_o and_o offer_v to_o prove_v it_o by_o several_a instance_n take_v out_o of_o author_n i_o pray_v have_v the_o patience_n to_o hear_v they_o plutarch_n in_o thâ—_n life_n of_o crassus_n say_v that_o the_o
with_o such_o a_o carrago_fw-la as_o lipsius_n speak_v of_o and_o i_o pray_v you_o what_o necessity_n for_o fortify_v a_o leaguer_n every_o night_n where_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n what_o good_a do_v it_o nay_o how_o much_o hurt_n do_v it_o to_o make_v soldier_n work_v the_o half_a of_o the_o night_n to_o fortify_v that_o camp_n when_o you_o be_v in_o no_o danger_n which_o you_o be_v to_o leave_v the_o next_o day_n betimes_o be_v this_o any_o thing_n else_o but_o to_o give_v your_o soldier_n a_o needless_a fatigue_n have_v lipsius_n never_o read_v it_o that_o the_o just_a man_n be_v merciful_a even_o to_o his_o beast_n but_o in_o this_o discourse_n our_o author_n be_v very_o injurious_a to_o those_o great_a captain_n who_o be_v time_n both_o of_o they_o ordinary_a in_o lipsius_n his_o time_n coetaneous_a with_o he_o who_o be_v very_o expert_a in_o that_o point_n of_o war_n and_o use_v it_o more_o than_o have_v be_v practise_v since_o let_v any_o peruse_v the_o history_n of_o his_o time_n they_o will_v find_v that_o at_o all_o their_o sieges_n which_o be_v many_o and_o frequent_a all_o their_o camp_n be_v excellent_o well_o fortify_v with_o a_o double_a circumvallation_n one_o against_o the_o besiege_a place_n and_o another_o against_o those_o without_o who_o will_v attempt_v to_o relieve_v it_o if_o lipsius_n have_v live_v some_o year_n long_o than_o i_o suppose_v he_o do_v he_o will_v have_v recant_v when_o he_o see_v spinola_n siege_n of_o breda_n in_o the_o year_n 1625._o for_o there_o he_o may_v have_v see_v strange_a work_n than_o ever_o any_o he_o read_v of_o and_o with_o which_o caesar_n circumvallation_n either_o when_o he_o besiege_v alesia_n or_o when_o he_o offer_v to_o besiege_v pompey_n army_n at_o dirrachium_n can_v not_o compare_v for_o here_o at_o breda_n the_o spanish_a outward_a or_o exterior_a entrenchment_n against_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n and_o all_o bredaâ—_n spinola_n his_o wonderful_a circumvallation_n at_o bredaâ—_n his_o abettor_n be_v of_o fifty_o two_o mile_n circumference_n and_o the_o inner_a or_o interior_a against_o the_o town_n of_o sixteen_o in_o both_o which_o be_v reckon_v beside_o the_o fortification_n of_o some_o village_n for_o secure_v convoy_n above_o three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o fort_n battery_n sconce_n and_o redout_n so_o that_o he_o who_o write_v the_o particular_a history_n of_o that_o famous_a siege_n have_v reason_n to_o say_v that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o labyrinth_n of_o fortification_n there_o that_o none_o but_o those_o who_o see_v they_o will_v have_v faith_n enough_o to_o believe_v it_o our_o author_n tell_v we_o here_o what_o a_o great_a benefit_n it_o be_v to_o the_o roman_n to_o have_v a_o camp_n to_o which_o they_o may_v retire_v after_o a_o battle_n but_o he_o may_v have_v learn_v that_o the_o great_a captain_n of_o the_o modern_a militia_n propose_v to_o themselves_o no_o advantage_n by_o these_o retreat_n just_o fear_v their_o soldier_n may_v retire_v before_o it_o be_v half_a time_n or_o before_o they_o get_v order_n for_o it_o and_o if_o lipsius_n have_v be_v please_v he_o may_v have_v remember_v that_o his_o own_a roman_n make_v sometime_o very_o bad_a use_n of_o dangerous_a a_o retreat_n to_o a_o camp_n dangerous_a retire_v to_o their_o camp_n as_o when_o they_o run_v to_o it_o from_o their_o enemy_n in_o their_o mutiny_n against_o appius_n claudius_n and_o at_o other_o time_n too_o as_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o my_o first_o chapter_n of_o the_o roman_a art_n of_o war._n nay_o some_o of_o their_o consul_n apprehend_v the_o danger_n of_o it_o take_v away_o all_o possibility_n of_o retire_v to_o the_o camp_n take_v a_o few_o instance_n one_o of_o the_o fabii_n a_o dictator_n be_v to_o fight_v instance_n instance_n with_o the_o samnite_n cast_v down_o his_o entrenchment_n burn_v his_o tent_n fight_v and_o gain_v the_o victory_n as_o you_o may_v see_v it_o in_o livy_n nine_o book_n at_o ciminia_n another_o fabius_n cause_v his_o drudge_n in_o the_o nighttime_n to_o cast_v down_o his_o rampart_n and_o fill_v up_o the_o ditch_n while_o he_o marshal_v his_o army_n wherewith_o he_o march_v out_o and_o fight_v next_o morning_n with_o success_n cato_n the_o elder_a be_v to_o fight_v with_o the_o spaniard_n lead_v his_o army_n in_o the_o nighttime_n a_o great_a circuit_n even_o behind_o the_o enemy_n camp_n and_o next_o morning_n do_v show_v his_o soldier_n where_o they_o be_v remonstrate_v to_o they_o what_o they_o have_v to_o do_v and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o impossibility_n to_o get_v back_o to_o their_o own_o camp_n but_o over_o the_o beâ—â—ies_n of_o their_o enemy_n they_o â—ought_v and_o get_v the_o victory_n these_o great_a roman_a captain_n you_o see_v be_v not_o of_o lipsius_n his_o judgement_n but_o further_a the_o roman_a senate_n impute_v the_o loss_n of_o cannae_n to_o the_o retreat_n of_o their_o army_n to_o the_o camp_n and_o according_o punish_v all_o that_o be_v take_v in_o the_o camp_n for_o that_o retreat_n and_o beside_o that_o take_v two_o other_o instance_n of_o the_o hurt_n their_o retreat_n to_o their_o camp_n be_v like_a to_o do_v the_o consul_n attilius_n fight_v against_o the_o samnite_n see_v his_o foot_n fly_v shameful_o he_o instant_o order_v some_o of_o his_o cavalry_n to_o get_v between_o they_o and_o the_o camp_n and_o by_o mere_a force_n drive_v they_o back_o this_o be_v do_v by_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o roman_a foot_n desperate_o turn_v head_n gain_v the_o day_n see_v livy_n nine_o book_n at_o that_o great_a battle_n which_o lucius_n scipio_n fight_v with_o antiochus_n the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o roman_a foot_n be_v indifferent_o well_o secure_v by_o a_o river_n the_o consul_n make_v his_o left_a wing_n of_o horse_n the_o weak_a which_o antiochus_n perceive_v cause_v a_o brisk_a charge_n to_o be_v give_v on_o the_o horse_n and_o rout_v they_o and_o immediate_o fall_v on_o the_o left_a flank_n of_o the_o foot_n who_o not_o endure_v it_o flee_v towards_o the_o camp_n but_o 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and_o give_v i_o insolence_n pedantic_a insolence_n your_o military_a law_n that_o i_o may_v examine_v they_o and_o compare_v they_o with_o those_o of_o the_o roman_n why_o do_v you_o whisper_v have_v you_o none_o or_o have_v you_o but_o a_o few_o yea_o these_o few_o be_v make_v in_o vain_a and_o signify_v nothing_o you_o live_v so_o as_o if_o your_o lust_n be_v your_o law_n and_o that_o your_o sword_n usurp_v the_o place_n of_o justice_n who_o be_v it_o this_o day_n that_o punish_v theft_n who_o be_v it_o that_o punish_v robbery_n rape_n and_o murder_n whoredom_n and_o adultery_n be_v account_v military_a gallantry_n and_o such_o as_o deserve_v the_o reward_n of_o some_o crown_n assure_o if_o all_o this_o be_v true_a it_o must_v be_v grant_v lipsius_n have_v reason_n enough_o to_o cry_v down_o the_o modern_a discipline_n but_o before_o you_o believe_v that_o army_n either_o be_v in_o his_o time_n or_o have_v be_v since_o so_o lawless_a and_o void_a of_o discipline_n i_o shall_v 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neighbour_n force_v we_o to_o it_o and_o herein_o do_v all_o the_o moral_a philosopher_n and_o the_o wise_a ruler_n of_o the_o ancient_a heathen_n full_o agree_v with_o christian_a doctor_n but_o how_o shall_v that_o war_n which_o either_o extreme_a necessity_n on_o our_o own_o part_n or_o charity_n on_o our_o neighbour_n make_v lawful_a be_v manage_v but_o by_o soldier_n and_o how_o can_v soldier_n obtain_v the_o victory_n but_o by_o kill_v sometime_o their_o enemy_n and_o with_o what_o credit_n nay_o with_o what_o conscience_n or_o with_o what_o comfort_n can_v soldier_n kill_v their_o enemy_n if_o the_o very_o kill_v they_o render_v soldier_n more_o detestable_a than_o hangman_n if_o grotius_n have_v say_v that_o those_o soldier_n who_o kill_v impotent_a old_a man_n woman_n and_o child_n or_o prisoner_n in_o cold_a blood_n as_o too_o many_o do_v be_v more_o detestable_a than_o hangman_n i_o shall_v never_o have_v debate_v the_o matter_n with_o he_o no_o more_o than_o with_o reason_n 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but_o i_o think_v by_o this_o text_n man_n be_v forbid_v to_o learn_v any_o other_o art_n after_o they_o be_v actual_a minister_n of_o the_o gospel_n and_o therefore_o i_o conceive_v churchman_n be_v forbid_v to_o have_v plurality_n of_o profession_n which_o perhaps_o they_o will_v be_v content_v to_o hear_v with_o better_a will_n than_o to_o have_v it_o tell_v they_o that_o plurality_n of_o benefice_n be_v forbid_v the_o clergy_n but_o because_o grotius_n have_v make_v use_n of_o st._n austine_n authority_n against_o i_o in_o authority_n st._n austinâ—'s_n authority_n this_o question_n which_o i_o have_v clear_v i_o shall_v presume_v to_o cite_v that_o same_o father_n in_o defence_n of_o my_o cause_n it_o be_v true_a i_o have_v read_v but_o few_o of_o his_o learned_a book_n but_o the_o passage_n i_o mind_n to_o speak_v of_o i_o have_v read_v cite_v by_o a_o very_a worthy_a and_o credible_a author_n and_o though_o he_o cite_v it_o for_o another_o purpose_n yet_o find_v it_o make_v 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lawful_o fight_v when_o he_o be_v command_v for_o as_o the_o sin_n of_o command_v make_v that_o king_n guilty_a so_o the_o obedience_n of_o serve_v make_v that_o soldier_n innocent_a this_o be_v more_o than_o i_o have_v yet_o say_v this_o great_a and_o pious_a divine_a seem_v to_o i_o to_o assert_v that_o a_o soldier_n art_n be_v not_o only_o lawful_a but_o that_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o fight_v when_o command_v even_o in_o a_o cause_n the_o justice_n whereof_o do_v not_o appear_v to_o he_o yea_o though_o the_o injustice_n of_o it_o be_v make_v apparent_a to_o he_o but_o assure_o st._n austin_n mean_v to_o except_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v diametrical_o against_o the_o word_n and_o will_n of_o god_n for_o the_o rule_n hold_v firm_a and_o perpetual_a better_a obey_v god_n than_o man_n in_o other_o matter_n the_o soldier_n be_v not_o so_o strict_o to_o examine_v the_o quarrel_n the_o sin_n of_o command_v to_o fight_v in_o a_o unjust_a cause_n render_v the_o soldier_n obedience_n in_o 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