Leage and Covenant taken by the The solemn Lâ—ague and Covenant by the Parliament Parliament The City of Glocester besieged by the King and the Siege raised by the Earl of Essex After which hapned the first Newberry Fight where were slain on the The Civil War of England King's side the Earls of Carnarvan and Sunderland with the Lord Faulkland The Queen of England delivered at Oxford of the Lady Catharine who died soon after The Scots came into England to assist the Parliament From Christ 1643. The Emperor's Ambassadors as also the Ambassadors from Spain France Swedeland Holland and others met at Munster in Westphalia to treat of Peace Urban the Eighth departed this life in the 77th year of his Age after he had held Popes the Pontificate 21 years In whose place was elected Baptista Pamphilio in his 70th year who gave himself the Name of Innocent the Tenth The French after a long fatigous Siege The French took Graveling took Graveling Christina Queen of Sweden took the Government of the Kingdom into her The Queen of Sweden Reigned own hands The Queen began her Journey from Oxford to the West took her leave of the King of Abbington The Queen brought to bed of the Princess The Princess Henrietta born Henrietta at Exeter Marston-Moor Fight between the King and Parliament where Cromwell first made himself known After which happened Civil War of England the second Fight at Newberry both unsuccessful to the King Arch-Bishop Laud Beheaded Archbishop Laud beheaded The Queen arrived at Brest in Britany Sir Thomas Fairfax made General by the Parliament and received his Commission Civil War from the House of Commons The Treaty at Uxbridge for a Reconciliation between the King and Parliament broke up without effect From Christ 1644. The Emperor sinding his Forces very much diminishing raise a newd Army and The Imperialistt beaten by the Swedes Ordered publick Supplications to the Virgin Mary whose Image he had redeemed out of the hands of the Swedes But notwithstanding all this meeting Fortstenson the Swedish General near Janowitz in Bohemia he suffered so great an overthrow that Vienna seemed to be in great Danger In the mean time General Wrangel as The Swedish General defeated the Danish General terribly oppressed the Danes and deprived them of several Towns after he had utterly defeated Buckwald the Danish General Besides these Successes the Swedes assisted by the French at Allersheim obtained another great Victory over the Imperialists and drove the Bavarians beyond the Rhyne In this year was fought the fatal Battel Civil War of England of Naseby near Leicester After which Fairfax carried all before him for the Parliament From Christ 1645. In the Low Countries the French took Mardyke Winnoxberg Courtray Dunkirk with other places but not long after lost all again King Charles the First left Oxford in Disguise and went to the Scotish Army who carried him to Newcastle and there upon the payment of two hundred thousand pounds delivered his Majesty up to the Parliament who ordered the King to be brought under Custody to Holmby-House The Great Seal of England broken and defaced Prince of Orange aged 63 years died The Death of the P. of Orange of a Feaver to whom his Son William succeeded as well in his Principality as in his Dignity according to the Conceffion of the States made in the year 1631. From Christ 1646. Leopold Arch Duke of Austria made Governour of Flanders Leopold William Arch-Duke of Austria made Governour of the Low Countries by the King of Spain The Neopolitan Populacy headed by Thomaso Masinello a poor Fisherman made a great Insurrection in that City but were The Death of Mazinello quelled at length and their Leader killed in a Monastery Fairfax marched with his Army thro' the City of London and soon after the Forts and Outworks were slighted The Parliament voted no further Addresses to be made to the King King Charles escap'd from Hampton-Court into the Isle of Wight but was kept Prisoner by Collonel Hammond in Carisbrook-Castle From Christ 1647. A Peace concluded between the Emperor on one side and the Kings of France and Sweden on the other also between the King of Spain and the States of Holland Lewis the Son of Frederic the Palatin was restored to the lower Palatin and made the eighth Elector of the Empire The upper Palatinate continued in the possession of the Duke of Bavaria Christian the Fifth King of Denmark departed K. Charles a prisoner in the Isle of Wight this Life to whom his Son Frederic the Fifth before that Bishop of Breme succeeded Uladislaus King of Poland died to The Death of the K. of Denmark whom his Brother Cazimir succeeded whose Reign was extreamly shaken by the The Death of the K. of Poland Philip IV. married Maria Anna of Spain Seditions of the Cossacks On the other side Philip the Fourth of Spain married with Maria Anna of Austria The Treaty between King Charles the First and the long Parliament broke off and the King brought Prisoner to St. James's sentenced to death by that bold The Death of King Charles the First D. Hamilton the E. of Holland and Lord Capel beheaded Traytor Bradshâ—w and most barbarously Murthered before his own Pallace King Charles the Second began his Reign from that day Duke Hamilton the Earl of Holland and the Lord Capel beheaded in the Palace-Yard before Westminster-Hall The Kingly Office voted unnecessary and troublesom King Charles the Second proclaimed in K. Charles proclaim'd in Scotland Civil War in France Scotland From Christ 1648. A great Discord arising between the King of France and the Parliament of Paris by reason of Cardinal Mazarine's Government Paris besieged by the King but in a little time after these Troubles were compos'd tho but for a short time and Paris sustain'd the loss of a second siege The Venetians burnt the Turks Fleet. The Venetians beat the Turks in a Sea fight In the Port of Foggia seventy two Gallies eighteen Men of War sixty Ships of Burthen and six thousand Men with a Basha slain The Christians losing but ninety Men killed and forty wounded Cromwell made General of the Parliament's Army marched into Scotland From Christ 1649. Towards the end of July William Prince of Orange attempted to make himself Master of Amsterdam by Surprise but fail'd of Success Not long after he died of the The death of the Pr. of Orange Small-pox and his Son William Henry was born eight days after his Decease Descartes the Founder of a new kind of Descartes death Philosophy died at Stockholm in Swedland The Princes of Conde and Conti with The princes of Conti c. made prisoners the Duke of Longueville committed to the Castle of Bois de Vincennes by the Queen Mother and Cardinal Mazarin The Spaniards sold the Dutchy of Pontremoly Pontremoli sold to the Duke of
they chose Horatius Pulvilius who also dying had for his Successor Spurius Leucretius Father to Leucretia The Siege of Rome by Porsenna King of The Siege of Rome by Porsenna the Thuscans in favour of the Tarquins the Noble Actions of Horatius Cocles of Mutius Scaevola and of Clelia the Roman Virgin are remark'd in the Roman History Darius sent to demand Earth and Water of the Grecian Cities of Europe as Marks of their Homage which they refused and prepar'd for War Of the World 3511. before Ch. 493. This King having sent a great Army against The beginning of the War between the Persians and the Greeks The Battle of Marathon Pisistratus his Son killed Armodius Aristogeter the Grecians they won the famous Battle of Marathon under the Conduct of Miltiades the Athenian Captain Of the World 3514 before Ch. 490. Pisistratus a Traytor to his Country was the Cause of that War He was killed in that Battle Hippias his Son being also in the same Treason with his Father was kill'd by Armodius and Aristogiter who were likewise slain in the same Action But the Athenians erected Statues for them in Acknowledgment of their Deliverance by them from the Yoak of that Tyrant Darius the Son of Histapes chief of the Darius ' s Death Second Dynasty of the Persian Kings died â—eaving two Sons Artobasanes and Xerxes This younger Brother was preferred before Xerxes ' s Successor the eldest to the Succession of the Kingdom in regard he was born after his Father was made King and also because he was the Son of Atossa Daughter of Cyrus It is remarkable that the eldest yielded without Regret to the Judgment of the Satrapes to whom these two Broâ—hers had referred the Decision of that great Affair Of the World 5520. before Ch. 484. At Rome the common People pretending to be oppress'd by the Senate stirred up a dangerous Sedition to appease which Tribunes of the People at Rome were establish'd Tribunes of the People powerful Magistrates who had the Charge to maintain the Rights of the People and to hinder the Nobility from oppressinâ— them That which happened upon occasion oâ— the Discontent of Q. Martius Coriolanus iâ— Q. Martius Coriolanus Quintus Cincinnatus first Dictator remark'd in the Roman History Quintus Cincinnatus is observed to be thâ— first Dictator the Romans chose upon aâ— emergent occasion Of the World 352â— before Ch. 483. Xerxes pass'd into Europe with a terribâ— Xerxes conquered the Greeks Land-Army having sent another as greâ— by Sea Three hundred Lacedemonianâ— commanded by Leonidas killed Twentâ— thousand of the Land-Army at the Paâ— of Thermopolis All these brave Lacedemâ—nians The Battle at Thermopolis with their General died upon thâ— place The Naval Forces were defeatâ— near Salamis by the Greeks under tâ— The Battle of Salamis Conduct of Euribiades the Lacedemoniaâ— and Themistocles the Athenian Of the Worlâ— Themistocles 3525. before Ch. 479. Xerxes being compelled by his ill Suâ—cess to leave Greece repass'd the Bosphoâ— in a little Bark The Troops he had leâ— in Greece under the Command of Maâ—donius were defeated near Platea by thâ— The Battle of Platea Xerxes ' s Death Lacedemonians Xerxes was killed by Artabanes Captaâ— of his Guards who by that means Reigâ—ed for some Months and then was alâ— killed and Artaxerxes Longomain Son â— Artaxerxes Longomaine Xerxes was plac'd in the Persian Thronâ— Of the World 3531. before Ch. 473. Pindar and Symonides Lirick Poets Soâ—hocles Greek Poets and Euripides Tragick Poets flourisht â—t that time Cymon the Athenian Son of Miltiades Cymon delivered the Asiatick Greeks from the Perâ—an Yoak Of the World 3538. before Ch. 466. Esdras the Jew of the Sacerdotal Line â—rought back those of his Nation who remained Esdras in Babylon since their first return under Zerobabel Artaxerxes having shewn that favour to the Jews for the sake of Nehemiah his favourite the Jews finisht the Building of their Temple from thence many begin their Seventy Weeks mentioned in the The beginning of the Seventy Weeks Ninth Chapter of Daniel Of the World 3550. before Ch 454. The Romans named Ten Persons to digest their Laws which were brought to The Laws of the Twelve Tables them from Athens because they were called the Laws of the Twelve Tables Of the World 3554. before Ch. 450. Those Ten Persons acquitted themselves so well in that Affair that the Government The Decemvirate was committed to them only one of them Appius Claudius having ravisht the Daughter of Virginius a Roman Soldier this The Consuls restored Magistrate was turned out and the Consuls restored Of the World 3557. before Ch. 447. At this time lived Artemiza Queen of The two Artemizas Mausolus Caria who exprest extraordinary Grief for the Death of her Husband Mausolus Of the World 3559. before Ch. 445. There was one of the same Name her Aunt who fought at the Battle of Salamis for Xerxes Herodotus the Historian was Contemporary with the last Artemiza and her Subject Born at Halycarnassus the chief City Learned Men of Greece of Caria The Poet Aeschylus and the Orator Isocrates flourisht at that time Brennus the Gaul having past into Italy Brennus took Rome with a great Army and defeated the Romans in Tuscany took and plundered their City but he could not take the Capitol Of the World 3563. before Ch. 442. Ju. Camillus constrained him to retire and for that great service was esteemed Ju. Camillus drove them out by the Romans as the Founder of their City and was called by them the second Romulus Of the World 3565. before Ch. 439. At Rome the Military Tribunes were The Military Tribunes chose to Govern in the place of the Consuls then the Tribunes were turned out and the Common-wealth remained four Years without any Superiour Magistrate but the Military Tribunes having been restored again they were at length cashiered for ever and the Conâ—â—ls restored The Consâ—ls restored Of the World 3572. before Ch. 432. Then began the Peloponesian War between The Peloponesian War Hellenicus Thucydides the Athenians and the Lacâ—dâ—monians all the other Greeks taking part with the one or the other The History of this War has been Written by Hellenicus Hâ—rodâ—tâ—s and more exactly by Thucidides's Contemperaries who have also described the general Plague which ravaged at that time through all the known World Of the World 3574 before Ch. 430. Hypocrates writ of it as a Physitian and Hippocrates The Cyrenians change to a Republick has given great proof of his Ability and Skill on this occasion the Cyrenians changed the form of their Government from a Monarchy which had lasted 200 Years to a Republick Artaxerxes Longomanus dyed Of the World 3579. before Ch. 425. his Son Xerxes the Kings of Persia second was killed about a Year after by his Brother Zogdian who also was slain six Months after
before Ch. 300. At this time lived Theocritus the Poet The Poet Theocritus Author of the Idyles which treat of Pastoral Matters Ptolomy Philadelphus having succeeded his Ptolomy Phyladelphus The Pharos Father built the Pharos at the entrance into the Port of Alexandria He collected a great Number of Volumes The famous Library Demetrius Phylareus in a most stately Library by the Care of Demetrius Phylareus the famous Philosopher Of the World 3727 before Ch. 277. The Gauls under the Conduct of Belgius The Gauls in Greece and of young Brennus passed into Greece plunder'd the Temple of Delphos there lost a great part of their Army by the Plague which was believed to be a Punishment for their Sacriledge With the remainder of their Forces they past into Asia and gave to that Country where they establish'd themselves the Name of Galatia Gallatia or Gallo-Graecia Pyrrhus driven out of Aegypt or Gallo-Graecia Pyrrhus had at first great Success in the War he waged against the Romans in favour of the Tarentines but at last he was so often beaten that he was forced to repass the Sea He was killed a-while after His Death by a Blow of a Tyle which a Woman threw at him from a Window having heard he had killed her Son in a Combate against the young Antigonus in the City of Argos those two Princes having been admitted into that City by their Factions Of the World 3733 before Ch. 271. By the great Care and Wisdom of Phylopaemen Phylopaemen and Aratus The Acaike League and Aratus the Acaicke League was made to which all the Greeks subscrib'd for the preservation of their Liberties Of the World 3740 before Ch. 264. The Kingdoms of Pergamus and Bythinia The Kingdom of Pergamus and Bythinia began the first under Eumenes Nephew to the Eunuch Phyleterus who had been Treasurer to Lysimachus the second under Nicomedes who rebuilt the City of Astacia and called it Nicomedia Of the World 3744 before Ch. 260. Then began the Kingdom of the Parthians The Kingdom of the Parthians Arsaces who shook off the Macedonian Yoke under the Conduct of Arsaces their first King Chief of the Dinasty which from his Name was called the Arsacides At this time lived Berosus the Chaldean Berosus who writ three Books of the History of the Kings of Assyria and Babylon Plautus Plautus the Comick Poet lived then at Rome Of the World 3758 before Ch. 246. Antiochus Theos the third King of Syria Kings of Syria Aegypt and Macedonia had for his Successor Seleucus Callinicus and Ptolomy Philadelphius his Son Everietes in Aegypt The young Antigonus his Son Demetrius in Macedonia These three Kings Fathers dying in the space of two Years Of the World 3760 before Ch. 244. The first Punick War Hieron King of Syracuse This Year being the 477th of Rome began the first Punick War in Sicily where the Romans got great Advantages over King Hieron allied to the Carthaginians Seleucus Callinicus and Antiochus Hierax his Brother having a long time disputed for the Kingdom of Syria they both died Kings of the Kingdom of Syria and Seleucus Cerannus succeeded his Father Callinicus Of the World 3778. before Ch. 226. In Aegypt Ptolomy Phylopater having Of Aegypt poison'd his Father Everietes succeeded him Of the World 3781. before Christ 223. The War was carried over into Africk in the Sequel of which happened that which the Roman History fully relates of Attilius Regulus At last a Peace was made Attillius Regulus The end of the first Punick War to the advantage of the Romans to whom the Carthaginians were compelled to give up Sâ—rdinia Of the World 3784. before Ch. 220. The Romans past the Po took Millan and made themselves Masters of a great The Gauls in Gaule-Cisalpine and in Illyria The second Punick War The Ruine of Saguntum Hannibal in Italy He defeats the Romans at the River Trebea part of Gaule-Cisalpine They acted the same thing in Illyria against Queen Teuta a Gauloise descended from young Brennus Annibal the Son of Amilcar commanding for the Carthaginians in Spain had been sworn by his Father to be an inveteratâ— Enemy to the Romans To effect which he began to make War in Spain by the overthrow of Saguntum After which he past into Italy having made a Passage over the Alps defeated the Romans near the River Trebea which passes by Placentia And a second time in Tuscany near the The Lake Trasimene Lake Trasimene But these first Successes were a little interrupted by the wise Conduct of Q. Fabius Maximus 'till such Consuls succeeded who not following the same Method lost the Battle of Cannae the Circumstances of At Cannae which are fully related in the Roman History After this great Victory if Hannibal had but known how to have made a right use of it he had taken Rome the Romans being deceived by a false Report that he was driven away by a Storm which Heaven caused to fall on his Fleet. Some write that he went into Campania being allured by the Delights of that Country However Fabius Maximus by his great Conduct put a stop to the raging Fury of this Conquerour But that which fully re-establish'd the Roman Affairs was the passing of Cornelius Cornelius Scipio in Spain Scipio into Spain where he was sent to succeed his Father and his Uncle killed by Asdrubal Brother to Hannibal At length Scipio going from Spain into Africk got there such advantage over the In Africk Carthaginians that they were forc'd to recall Hannibal to oppose this great Warrior After many Skirmishes the Affair terminated Hannibal repasses and is overcome in one Battle where Hannibal was overcome and could very hardly escape Of the World 3803 before Ch. 201. Scipio being Master of the Field by this Victory reduc'd the Carthaginians to demand A Peace made Peace which was made very advantageous for the Romans and their Ally Massinissa one of the Numidian Kings and very disadvantageous to the Carthaginians and for their Ally Syphax another King of Numidia By this great Success Scipio gained the Honour of Triumph The Surname of African with the Sur-name of African Of the World 3805 before Ch. 199. In this time lived Ennius and Terence Roman Ennius and Terence Poets the first Heroick and the second Comick The Romans from this time grown very powerful and interessing themselves in the Affairs of Kings forbid Philip of Macedon to molest Ptolomy Epiphanes who was left by his Father Phylopater King of Aegypt under the Protection of the Senate and People of Rome This Philip King of Macedon had favoured Hannibal The Romans made War against The Macedonian War him for that Reason and after having beaten him in several Rencounters with the Lacedemonians his Allies they had the pleasure to see march before the Triumph of the victorious Consul the eldest Son of that King with the
Domitius a Son called Nero who by the help and means Nero his Successâ—r of his Mother came to be Emperor the Mother and the Son Poisoned Britanicus whom Claudius had by Messalina his first Wife The Voyages and Travels of St. Paul and his Imprisonment are at large set down in the Acts of the Apostles From Christ 58. Young Agrippa Son to him who died Young Agrippa King of the Jews struck by an Angel was plac'd on the Throne of his Father by Nero This young King took away the High-Priesthood from Ananias because he had put to Death St. James the Son of Alpheus The Death of St. James the Son of Alpheus whose Sanctity was so highly revered by the Jews that Josephus attributes to his Death all the misfortunes that happened to that Nation Nero who had appeared Wise Just Neros ' s Debauches and Cruelties and Clement for the first Five Years of his Reign afterwards gave himself up to all kind of Impieties Injustice and Cruelties killed his Wife Octavia and Seneca his Tutor with many other persons of Quality Colonia Agripina and at last his own Mother Agripina it was she who founded a Colony on the Rhine that still retains her Name In the mean time Corbulon maintained Corbulons Exploits in Armenia with Glory the Honour of the Roman Empire in Armenia and forced Tyridates Tyridates at Rome Brother of Volgeses King of the Parthians to come to Rome and there to take the Title of King and his Crown from the hands of the Emperor In Great Britain the Romans did not succeed The War in Great Britain Bonduca so happily for the Britains revolted under the Conduct of their Queen Bonduca and though this brave Princess was killed in a Battle the Peace made afterwards was most shameful to the Romans From Christ 61. Nero burns Rome Nero burnt Rome and accused the Christians to have been the Incendiaries And under that pretence raised a most cruel Persecutes the Christians The War against the Jews Persecution against them From Christ 65. The War against the Jews began upon the occasion of opposing the Roman Officers who exacted very great Tributes from that miserable Nation Cestius Gallus besieged Jerusalem took The Siege of Jerusalem the lower part of the City but on a sudden he raised the Siege without any apparent Cause But Heaven decreed it so to save the Christian Church which retired for safety to a little Village called Pella a little beyond the River Jordan From Christ 66. In the mean time Nero went into Greece Nero in Greece where he made himself as despicable as he was at Rome exposing his Person and Dignity upon Theaters and at Races where he play'd the Comedian and the Charrioteer He attempted but in vain to cut the Isthmus of Corinth to joyn the two Seas the Ionian and the Aegrean From Christ 67. Upon the News of the Revolt of his Armies in the West he returned to Rome where finding himself at last abandoned even by all the World he fled basely then fell into Despair stabb'd himself and Nero ' s Death died From Christ 68. Sergius Galba already proclaimed Emperor Galba his Successor by the Army in Spain and in Gaul came to Rome and was there received as Emperor by the Senate and the People of Rome Most Ecclesiastick Writers remark about this time the Martyrdom of St. Peter and St. Paul It is most certain that they sealed their Faith and Doctrine by the effusion of their Blood but cannot tell exactly in what Year Clementius Romanus is the only ancient Writer who mentions their Martyrdom says nothing more in his Epistle to the Corinthians but that they suffered under the Emperors without naming which of them From Christ 69. Galba aged Seventy four Years having not Reigned one compleat Year was killed Galba killed by Otho his Successor by Otho who by that means seized on the Empire yet Reigned a shorter time than his Predecessor For Vitellius being proclaimed Emperor by the Army in Germany being come into Italy the two Competitors fought a Battle at Brebia in Gaule-Cisalpine where Otho being worsted would Otho overcome and killed not tempt his Fortune a second time but killed himself and left Vitellius Master of the Empire From Christ 70. But the Armies of the East having given up the Empire to their General Vespatian his Lieutenants in Italy pressed Vitellius so forcibly that having defeated his Vitellius killed Army they took him Prisoner in Rome and there killed him Vespatian coming into Italy and finding Vespatian Emperor the Business done was received at Rome with great applause by the Senate and People joyful to find themselves delivered from those last Emperors whose scandalous Reputation caused all Nations to dread their Government Vespatian in Nero's Reign had begun a The War against the Jews War against the Jews He had defeated their Forces in the Field took all their Towns except Jerusalem which he besieged Coming into Italy he left his Son Titus to make an end of that War which The Ruine of Jerusalem he did by taking and destroying Jerusalem The dreadful Calamities that happened to that miserable City during the Siege by the unnatural Divisions of their Fellow-Citizens with the rest of that lamentable Tragick Story may be read with horror in Josephus's Book who was an Eye-witness of the Ruine of his Country The Roman Historians make mention of The Triumph of Titus the magnificent Triumph Titus made at his Return to Rome From Christ 71. Vespatian Reigned Nine Years worthy Vespatian his Death of great Praise in all things except his Aâ—â—rice His Son Titus stil'd The Delight of Mankind Titus his Successor succeeded him While he applied himself to make his Reign perfectly happy a dreadful Fire wasted Rome and another at Campania by the Fire broke out at Vesuvius These two Misfortunes gave occasion to the good Emperor to bestow his Liberality to a great Number of miserable People whom these Accidents had reduc'd to extream Poverty From Christ 79. Titus having Reigned but two Years died bewailing himself that his Life was Titus ' s Death taken away so soon protesting he had done but one thing to be repented of Which made some believe that it was to have associated his Brother Domitian to the Domitian his Successor Empire who was endowed with as many ill Qualities as Titus was possest with good ones He was covetous unjust and most His ill Qualities cruel to the Romans in general and to the Christians in particular who felt it very much all the time of his Reign He put to Death a great Number of the Noblest Citizens and plundered the Goods of the richest Families From Christ 81. He raised up a bloody Persecution among He persecutes the Christians the Christians In the Number of those who were Crowned with Martyrdom Lynus and Cletus Bishops
of the Sects of the Theopaschytes Eutychians From Christ 492. Faelix had also condemned Acacius Bishop of Constantinople because he had consented out of Complaisance to the Emperor Zeno that those two Hereticks might possess those two great Sees Theodoric Sur-named Veronensis from his taking that City King of the Ostrogots or Eastern Goths had rendred considerable Services to the Emperor Zeno and as a Recompence he demanded to have his Consent others say Zeno invited him to make War against Odoacre King of Italy to which he willingly complied So Theodoric having past into Italy there The War between Odoacre and Theodoric was a bloody War between him and Odoacre Both of them behaved themselves very bravely so that the Business could not be decided by Arms. At length Theodoric being more politick after he had besieged Odoacre above three Years in Ravenna made use of very indirect Ways He proposed an Agreement and during the Treaty he invited Odoacre to a Banquet where he had him treacherously killed So ended Odoacre killed by Theodoric The Kingdom of the Ostrogots in Italy The French Christians the Kingdom of the Herules in Italy and then began that of the Ostrogots which Theodoric firmly established From Christ 493. The French embrac'd Christianity with their King Clouis by the Ministry of St. Remy Bishop of Reims Some time before Clouis had put out of Gaul all who remained of the Romans so that there was none of them left From Christ 496. Gelasius Bishop of Rome Successor to Bishops of Rome Faelix died Gelasius was to be commended that he made a just Collection of the Canonical Books of Scripture and to have set down as Apocriphal many that past before for Canonical From Christ 498. Anastatius the Second his Successor having held the See but two Years there arose a Schism between Symachus and Laurentius both chose by different Factions of the Clergy and People This Division caused many Disorders and also Murders which continued to the End of this Age. From Christ 500. The Sixth Age. AT the Beginning of the Sixth Age the East afforded nothing remarkable for History From Christ 501. But in the West Theodoric expelled out of Pannonia the Bulgarians who had made an Incursion there From Christ 505. Clouis had married Clotilda Niece to The Exploits of Theodoric Gondibald King of the Burgundians This King had put to Death three of his Brothers one of whom was Father to Clotilda which occasioned a War between Clouis and Gondebald in which the latter conquered the greatest part of Burgundy only Savoy and Provence remained to Gondemar Son to Gondebald From Christ 506. Clouis added to this Conquest all that Clouis ' s Exploits the Wisigots possess'd in Gaul after he had vanquish'd and killed their King Alaric in a Battle fought near Poitiers and after that having overcome Amalaric the Son of Alariâ— near Bourdeaux the Vanquish'd fled for Refuge to Theodoric King of Italy who was his Grand-father by the Mother's side And by his help Amalaric recovered almost all he had lost in Gaul From Christ 509. This unfortunate Success with some others that attended Clouis towards the end of his Life reduc'd him to an extream Melancholly and so very much indisposed him that he died in his middle Age. His Death From Christ 511. According to his last Will his four His Four Sons Sons divided his Dominions among them and each of them had the Titles of King of the French Symachus Bishop of Rome Successor to Bishop of Rome Anastatius the Second died From Christ 514. Anastatius Emperor of the East had applauded and congratulated the Conquests Anastatius Emperor of Clouis by a solemn Embassy and sent him the Consulary Ornaments with a rich Crown which Clouis consecrated to the Church of St. Peter's at Rome While Anastatius reigned he favoured the Eutychians He was afraid of Thunder and built him a round House to secure himself from it but all in vain For in a violent Storm of Thunder and Lightning His Death he was found dead in his Bed-Chamber at the Age of 88 Years From Christ 518. Justin his Successor who from a very Justin his Successor low Birth having been a common Soldier rose to the highest Command in the Army and in the Empire He redress'd those Disorders had been a long time in the Church by a Schism between the Western and the Eastern Churches occasioned by Acatius who notwithstanding the Excommunications of Faelix Bishop of Rome had discoursed with the two Peters Mungus and Foulon Bishops of Alexandria and Antioch who favoured the Theophasticks Hormisdas Bishop of Rome and Successor Bishopâ— of Rome to Symachus died John who succeeded Hormisdas was sent by King Theodoric in an Embassy to the Emperor Justin upon whose Head he set the Imperial Crown The first that ever was Crowned by the Roman Pontiff For which at his Return Theodoric under pretence that he had not faithfully acquitted himself of his Commission put him in Prison where he died of extream Want From Christ 526. Theodoric upon false Suspicions had put Simmachus and Boetius to Death Symachus with his Son-in-Law Boetius who were qualified for Consuls and were Persons of high Merit Theodoric being one Day at Table imagined he saw the Head of Symachus instead of the Head of a great Fish served up before him which put him into so great a Fright that he fell into a violent Fever of which he died leaving his Dominions to Athalaric The Death of Theodoric Son of his Daughter Amalazuntha Widow of Euthairc Aurelius Cassidorus a very Learned and Orthodox Person was Secretary to Theodâ—ric tho' that Prince was an Arrian yet Cassiodorus The Tripartite History Cassidorus after the Death of his Master retired from the World and compiled many excellent Works among others the Tripartite History taken from that of Eusebius Socrates and Zozimenus adding to it what happened since the last even to his Time The good and pious Emperor Justin dying had his Nephew Justinian for his Successor The Death of Justin Justinian his Successor who in the beginning of his Reign caused to be collected and put in order the Roman Laws Among the Civilians who laboured Tribonien the Civil Lawyer three Years about them the famous Trebonianus was particularly taken Notice of This great Work consisted of fifty digested Books or Pandects the four first of Institutes and those which contained the New or Authentick Constitutions From Christ 530. Faelix the fourth Bishop of Rome who Bishops of Rome succeeded John died this Year and had for his Successor Boniface who kept not the See above eleven Months Bellisarius went by Order of Justinian Bellisarius in Africk his Master to make War against the Vandals in Africk having ruined their Forces in the Field he besieged and took Carthage The end of the Kings of the Vandals in Africk in which
was King Gilimer and so put an end to the Kingdom of the Vandals in Africk which had lasted Ninety five Years under four Kings since Genseric From Christ 534. John the Second Bishop of Rome had Bishops of Rome succeeded Boniface and Agapetus was Successor to John Agapetus died in a Voyage to Constantinople where Theodatus King of the Ostrogoths in Italy had sent him to excuse the Murder that this Theodatus the Usurper had committed upon Amalazunta and her Son Athalaric who were allied to Justinian Vitige having succeeded Theodatus Justinian sent Bellisarius against him This great Captain met with the like good Fortune in Italy as he had in Africk He made himself Master of Rome and took Vitige whom he brought to Constantinople to Justinian From Christ 540. During this War there hapned a very great Scandal in the Church of Rome Silverius A Schism of Silverius and Vigilius had succeeded Agapetus the Deacon Vigilius bad promis'd Theodora the Wife of Justinian who was an Eutychian to favour those of that Party if she would put him in the place of Silverius which was effected by the means of Bellisarius who executing the Commands of the Empress turned out Silverius who died in Banishment at the end of two Years and put Vigilius in his place From Christ 542. This same Year was remarkable by abolishing the Consulates of the Roman Empire The abolishing the Consulates It was believed that Justinian did it by the Advice of Trebonianus who was enraged for having been disappointed of that Dignity to which he had aspired Hildebauld had been set up by the Ostrogoths Kings of the Ostrogoths of Italy in the place of Vitiges Then Hildebauld being killed by the Great Persons of that Nation they chose Totyla for their King who was very worthy of their Choice as well by his Birth as by his personal Qualities Bellisarius had been recalled from Italy by Justinian to go and make War against the Persians but was again sent back into Italy to oppose Tâ—tyla wher 's Bellisarius Totyla finding he had not sufficient Forces to maintain a War with Honour against that King prevailed with Justinian to recal him a second time in order to send him against the Persians who had broke the Peace that Bellisarius had made with them in the Name of Justinian So Totyla regained almost all that Bellisarius His Exploits had conquered of the Ostrogoths in Italy and particularly Rome all which was done in the space of eight Years From Christ 550. In this term of time hapned the Death of St. Benedict the famous Institutor of the St. Benedict Monks in the West And at that time Silverius Bishop of Rome died of the Miseries he suffered in his Exile In that space also Vigilius who usurp'd Vigilius sent to Constantinople the Sea of Rome during the Life of Silverius was sent for to Constantinople by the Emperor Justinian to answer an Accusation of many heinous Crimes alledged against him The Historians differ about the manner how the Emperor received him yet they all agree in observing the inconstant variation of the Conduct of Vigilius towards the Emperor who was then Orthodox and towards the Empress Theodora Wife to Justivian who was an Eutychian The Eastern Church being in great Trouble occasioned by this Heresie Justinian ordered a Council to be assembled A Council at Constantinople at Constantinople of more than One hundred and sixty Bishops Vigilius who was in that City opposed the holding of the Council but at last he was compelled to consent to it by the Emperour's Authority From Christ 553. The principal Design of assembling that Council was to condemn Eutychianism and its Consequences But it served only to condemn what was called The Three The three Chapters condemned Chapters against which the Emperor did passionately protest Which were Propositions pretended to favour Nestorianism and were attributed to three famous Bishops of the last Age viz. Theodorus of Mopsuesta Theodâ—â—t of Cyr and Ibas of Edessa tho' in the Council of Macedonia they had been acquitted of all Suspicion of Heresie after a strict Examination of those Propositions As for Vâ—gilius who was at Constantinople he refused to represent the Council because Eutychius Bishop of Constantinople had declared that he would not give place to him or else that there should be an equality between them Vigilius being come to Constantinople out The Inconstancy of Vigilius of Complaisance to the Emperor had condemned the Three Propositions but being very angry with the Council he retracted his Condemnation sending a Declaration of it to the Council The Emperor offended at this ill Conduct of his sent him to Banishment where he remained but a short time being soon after recalled upon his Submission to the Emperor's Will in approving the Council and by condemning the Three Chapters He approved the three Chapters From Christ 554. By this means he had leave to return to Rome but before he could arrive there he died in Sicily His Death Before that time the Emperor had named for that See Pelagius a Deacon yet gave Liberty to the Romans to receive for their Bishop him of the two they should like best By Virtue of this Nomination and without any other Formality Pelagius stood for His Successor Bishop Which displeased the Romans so much that upon his coming to Rome he found not one Bishop to Consecrate him so that this Ceremony was performed by one Andrew a Priest of Ostia From Christ 555. Two Years were expir'd when Narses Narses in Italy the Eunuch who had a very Couragious Spirit and highly experienc'd in the Art of War went into Italy against Attyla whom he overcame and killed in Battle He became Master of Rome and of many other Citys in the four following The end of the Kingdom of the Ostrogoths Years he compleated the intire ruine of the Ostrogoths in Italy having defeated and killed in Battle Teia Successor to Totyla From Christ 559. In the mean time Bellisarius made War Bellisarius sent against the Persians very successfully against the Persians which he ended at last by a Peace he made with them to the Glory and Advantage of the Romans About the end of this Year died Pelagius Bishop of Rome He was very much Bishops of Rome disgusted by the Romans both for the manner of his entring upon the Episcopate for his approving the Council of Constantinople and for Condemning the three Chapters which made the Bishops of Millan and Ravenna to separate from his Communion and Assembled themselves in A Council at Aquileia a Council at Aquileia with the Bishops of their Provinces where they declared against the last Council of Constantinople The four Sons of Clouis as has been mentioned shared their Fathers Kingdom Clodomir one of them was slain in a Battle against the Burgundians and his Children were kill'd by their Uncles Clotaire and
short time For Frediganda caused him to be killed by Landry de la Tour her Gallant to prevent Landry de la Tour. the Effects of the Kings just displeasure who had discovered the Intreagues of Fredigunda and Landry Chilperic had put to death Meroveus and Clovis whom he had by his Wife Audery so Clotaire the second whom he had by Fredegunda Fredegunda succeeded him On the other side Gontrian King of Orleans dying without Children let by his last Testament his Dominions to his other Nephew Childebart King of Austrasia who by what was left him becoming very powerful made a resolution to revenge the death of his Father on Fredegunda but he was overcome in Battle by her who was there present holding in her Arms the Young Clotaire Childebert being deeply perplex'd and asham'd to have been overcome by a Woman fell sick and died leaving two Sons Theodobert King of Austrasia and Thierry King of Burgundia both of them under Brunehault the care of Brunehâ—ult their Grandmother the Widow of Sigebert King of Austrasia So all the French Monarky being Govern'd by two Women one as wicked as the other it was not long before they fell out Fredegunda was the more Fortunate for she had always great Success in War against Brunehault so that she left her Son Clotaire in quiet Possession of the Kingdoms of Paris and Soissons This Woman though she was guilty of many Crimes yet died a natural Death Aigulphus King of the Lombards had made Peace with the Exark in Italy the Emperor Mauritius also concluded a Peace with Cosroes the Son Successor and Murtherer of his Father Hormisdas and in France Brunehauld lost her credit with her two Grandsons The three Kings lived in great Amity so that there was a A General Peace General Peace at the end of this Century From Christ 600. The learned Men who lived at that The Learned Men. Jornandes time were Jornandes a Gothish Bishop who Writ the History of the Wars between his Nation and the Romans Agathyas Agathyas a Grecian Writ the History of Justin and of Justinian with the Exploits of Bellisarius and Narses Count Marcellinus composed the Annals Marcellinus from the death of Valens to the 20th Year of Justinian Evagrius the Ecclesiastical Evagrius History from the time where Zozomenus ended to the 12th year of Mauritius Gregory Gregory of Tours Bishop of Tours the History of the French from the beginning of their Monarky to the end of this Age. The Seventh Age. THe Sclavonians a people of Scythia The Sclavonians past the Danube and and possest several Provinces of the Empire from whence they were expelled by an Army which the Emperor Mauritius sent against them but this victorious Army having Mutined proclaim'd Phocas Emperor one Phocas Emperor of their chief Leaders This Rebel marched presently to Constantinople and made himself Master of it where he seized on The Death of Mauritius the Emperor Mauritius and cut off his Head From Christ 603. After he had done the same to his Children before their Fathers Eyes which he endured with a Resignation and Patience most like a Christian He was â— Prince worthy of high esteem for his great Qualitys had he not dishonour'd them by his extream Avarice of which he gave a most cruel Example upon an occasion where he suffered a great number of Prisoners taken by the Sclavonians to be slaughtered rather then he would ransome them at a Crown a head the Sclavonians offering to release them for that price Gregory Bishop of Rome called the Great Gregory the Great Bishop of Rome Successor to Pelagius the second died Among his Works there are somethings very curious others tainted with Superstition which began to be introduc'd into the Church It is also markt of him that he refused to explain the Maximes of Christianity he is likewise much blamed for the flattering ways he used to Phocas who was rather look'd on as a Tyrant then a lawful Emperor From Christ 604. The Native Britans had been Christians for three or four Centurys but the English The affairs of England Saxons who had been Masters of that Island for a Hundred and Fifty Years were Pagans They had divided their Conquests into several Monarkys Ethelbert King Ethelbert turnâ—d Christian King of Mercia which was the greatest of those Kingdoms by the perswasion of Birtha his Wife a French Princess was very willing to embrace Christianity upon which Gregory sent him Augustin the Augustin the Monk sent into England Monk with some others who Baptized him and introduced as much as they could possibly the Ceremonies of Rome into that Church which the Ancient Brittish Bishops fiercly opposed From Christ 605. Sabinianus Bishop of Rome and Successor Bishopâ— of Rome to Gregory was remarkable for nothing but for his hatred he exprest against the Memory of his Predecessor and for his most sordid Avarice There was a Years interval between his Death and the Election of Boniface the Third and ten Months from the Death of that Boniface and the choosing of Boniface the Fourth From Christ 607. In the time of Gregory John called the Younger Bishop of Constantinople had assumed The Title of universal Bishop the Title of Universal Bishop Gregory had reprehended him for it in very sharp Terms alledging that this haughty Title could not be usurp'd by any one but the Forerunner of Antichrist In the mean time the two Bonifaces who succeeded Gregory address'd themselves to Phocas to obtain that Title to which he complied on Condition that they should acknowledge him lawful Emperor So that the Roman Pontificate may be said to have obtain'd the Title of Head of the Church not from St. Peter but from the Emperor Phocas The Tyrannick Government of this Usurper Phocas killed provok'd at last the Grandees of the Empire to kill him The Conspirators set up in his place Heraclius one of the Heraclius chiefest among them From Christ 610. Theodebert King of Austrasia scandaliz'd at the most dissolute Life of his Grandmother Kings of the French Brunehauld banish'd her his Court She being retired to the Court of her other Grandson Thierry King of Burgundy perswaded him that Theodebert was not the Son of Childebert which made a War between the two Brothers where Theodebert was killed Not long after Brunehauld disgusted by Thierry poyson'd him and set up for King one of his Bastards But The Death of Brunehault the Nobility of the two Kingdoms of Austrasia and Burgundy not being able longer to suffer this most wicked Woman delivered her up to Clotaire who punish'd her as her most heinous Crimes deserved So all the Royal Members of the French Monarchy were re-united under one Chief Clotair the Second From Christ 614. John the Exarch was slain by the People enraged against him for laying too The affairs of Italy heavy Taxes on them Eleutherius
two Noble Romans Friends to the French to whom this Pope was an Enemy Eugenius the second Succeeded him and to this last Valentine who dying at the end of fourty daies Gregory the Fourth was Elected in his place From Christ 826. The Saracens of Spain had reconquered all that Charlemaine had took from them except Catalonia The Naverroise abandoned by the French chose for their King Eneco or Inigo Arista who was also chose Inigo Aristo King of Navarre and Arragon King by those of Arragon Michael Balbus Emperor of the East died after he had lived such a Life that witnessed he had neither Conscience nor Religion Theophylus his Son and Suecessor Theophylus Emperor of the East had Qualities far different from those of his Father From Christ 828. The Emperor Louis by his first Marriage had Three Sons Lothaire Pepin and Louis he gave to each of them a part of his Dominions with the Title of King Italy to Lothaire whom he had also Associated to the Empire Aquitain to Pepin and Bavaria to Louis The three Brothers displeased that their Father had also given Burgundy with the Title of King to his Fourth Son Charles whom he had of Judith his second Wife They conspired against They Conspire against their Father the good King and his Queen and put them up in a Convent then Degraded Louis of the Empire in a Council held at Compeign But within a year after he Then Re-established was Re-establisht by the Grandees of the Kingdom From Christ 834. Pepin King of Aquitain dyed leaving a Pepin the younger King of Aquitaine Son of the same name from whom his Grandfather took away a part of his Dominions to bestow them on his beloved Son Charles Louis the Debonaire died Louis le Debonaire Dyes he had that Surname beause of his sweet Disposition and obliging Nature which was thought to have been too great because it degenerated into an Easiness and Softness unbecoming a King After his Death his Sons made a bloody War against one another Lonhair who had the Title of Emperor Joyned with his Nephew Pepin King of Aquitain against Louis King of Bavaria and Charles King of Neustria The two Parties came near to Fountaney in Burgundy and found such a bloody Battle that never were so many French slain in one day for there was killed a Hundred thousand Men on both sides so that the Armies being equally disabled they were forc'd to make Peace From Christ 841. The three Brothers concluding a Treaty without making the least mention of Pepin agreed that Charles should have The Empire divided between the Three Brothers Neustria or the Western France Louis the Eastern with Bavaria and all that lay beyond the Rhine from thence it had the Sirname of Germany Lothaire with the Title of Emperor had Italy France Gaul Narbonese and Austrasia This last Country was called Lotherne or the Kingdom of The Name of Lorraine Lothaire by Contraction or Corruption it was afterward called Lorraine From Christ 834. Gregory the Fourth died he had Abetted Popes the Revolt of the Sons of Lewis against their Father his Successor Pope Sergius did not wait for the Emperors Confirmation but the Emperor resented that Affront as became him and took those Measures that the like should not happen again so that From Christ 844. Leo the Fourth who succeeded Sergius durst not offer to Execute the Papal Authority without the Emperors Confirmation From Christ 847. The Normans began to infest the Seas The Normans and to Ravage the Coasts of France The French Brittains re-establisht their The Re-establishment of the Kingdom of Brittany little Monarchy disturbed by the Conquests Charleâ—ain had made of their Country Neomenes Prince of the Blood of their Antient Kings resumed the Quality of his Ancestors From Christ 849. The Saracens ravaged Italy even to the The Saracens in Italy Gates of Rome where they Plundered and Burnt the Suburbs Ramire Son of Alphonso the Chaste King of Leon obtained a great Victory over the Saracens in Spain and by that made himself Master of a part of Castile the Old King Charles of Neustria got to himself Charles recovers Aquitan Aquitain from Pepin his Nephew whom he shut up in a Prison Where he ended his Life From Christ 852. After Leo the Fourth there be those who place in the See of Rome a Woman named Joan who held it two years Popâ— Joan Others say there could be no other than Benet the Third who immediately succeeded Leo. From Christ 855. The Emperor Lothaire made himself a The Emperor Lothaire made himself a Monk Monk in the Abbey of Prom in Lorrain where he died a little after He had divided his Dominions among his three Sons giving to Lewis the eldest Italy with the Title of Emperor Lorrain or Austrasia to Lewis 2d Emperor Lothaire Burgundy and Provence to Charles To Bennet the Third succeedd Nicholas a strong vigorous Man and very much inclined to Agrandize the See of Rome From Christ 858. Charles King of Neustria gave Holland The Earledoms of Holland and Flanders with the Title of Earldom to Thierry from whom are descended the Earls of that Country As also those of Flanders from Baldwin to whom the same Charles gave that County under the like Title This Baldwin had stole away one of the Daughters of Charles and had Married her against her Fathers consent The Pope excomunicated the Lorrain Bishops who had Divorced their King Lothaire from his Wife Thidberga The Bishops on their part Excomunicated the Pope and the King Married annother Wife called Valdrada The Pope having likewise Excommunicated Popes Photius Patriark of Constantinople was also Excomunicated by him the principle cause of the Quarrel was that Photius did A Quarrel between the Pope and the Bishops of Lorrain not at all acknowledge the Superiority Nicholaus pretended over all the other Bishops The apparent cause was the Deposing Ignatius by Bardas Unkle to the young Emperor Michael Porphirogenitus Son to Theophilus Bardas having put Photius in the place of Ignatius Nicholaus took the part of the Deposed the business remained thus Basilius of Macedonia whom Michael had raised to the Empire from one he had made use of to tame his Horses and drive his Chariots having ungratefully killed Michael and by that means placing himself on the Imperial Throne immediately deposed Photius From Christ 866. Pope Nichâ—las died he had principally employed himself to aggrandize the Papal See and took no Notice of an essential A Dispute between Paschasius and Bertram touching the Eucharist Affairs of France Dispute between Paschasius Ratbert Abbot of Corbia and Bertram his Monk concerning the Eucharist Adrian the Second succeeded Nicholas Lothaire and Charles being dead Charles King of Neustria seized on their Dominions giving part of Lorrain to his Brother Lewis the Germanick but nothing at all to the Emperor Lewis Brother to
Persians Hussan Cassan possess'd himself of that Kingdom he succeeded Sophys Kings of Persia the Hermit Sophy from whence came the Sophyes who have Reigned in Persia to this time From Christ 1463. Pius the Second died No private Person ever laboured more than Aeneas Silvius to restrain the Authority of the Popes within the limits of their antient Popes Cannons yet no Pope ever took more pains to extend the Papal Power beyond all bounds He obtained of Lewis the Eleventh to abolish the pragmatick Sanction which were Rules extracted from The pragmatick Sanction what had been resolved in the Council of Constance and Basle to curb the exorbitant Authority of the Popes These Rules had been received in France where they were in form and force as Laws The Emperor Albert the Second died leaving his Empress big with Child She Kings of Hungary and Bohemia was delivered of a Son called Ladislaus who succeeded his Father in the Kingdoms of Hungary and Bohemia Frederic the Third Cousin to Albert and Frederic the Third Emperor of the same House of Austria was Successor to the Empire The young King Ladislaus dying before he was marryed the Hungarians chose for their King Mathias Corvin Son Mathias Corvin King of Hungary of John Huniades a great Captain who had made himself famous in the War against the Turks The Bohemians for their part chose for George Polebrac King of Bohemia their King George Polebrac one of the Grandees of their Country This King being of the Evangelick Faith protected those of that Religion in his Kingdom Paul the Second called Barbaro Avenetian succeeded Pius the Second Then to Popes Paul succeeded a Cordelier named Riara who was stiled Sixtus the Fourth Charles the last Duke of Burgundy had Charles the last Duke of Burgundy defeated by the Switzers continually waged War with Lewis King of France He had conquered Lorraine of Rayner who had Right to the Kingdom of Naples and was Duke of Anjou He endeavoured to subject the Switzars which Design proved fatal to him for they overcame him twice in their Country where he went to attack them at Granzona and at Morat and the third time near to Nancy which he Besieged making War against Rayner King of Naples and Duke of Lorraine Charles having been His Death killed in this last Battel From Christ 1477. Mary Daughter and Heiress married to Maximillian of Austria His Daughter and Heiress Maria marryed Maximilian Son to Frederic the Third Emperor By this Marriage she brought to the House of Austria the Sovereignty of the seventeen Provinces in the Low-Countries with the County of Burgundy the Dutchy having been reunited to the Crown of France by King Lewis the Eleventh There was another Heiress who had The Right of the Kingdom of Cyprus brought the Right of the Kingdom of Cyprus to the House of Savoy She was Charlotta the only Daughter to John the Second of Lusignan King of Cyprus By marrying Lewis Duke of Savoy who having In the House of Savoy no Children she bequeath'd her Kingdom by Testament But James her Bastard-Brother having took possession of Cyprus Catharina Cornaro his Widdow To the Venetians transferr'd to the Venetians the Right she pretended to that Kingdom of which the Venetians put themselves into a present Possession The House of the Medices having for sometime swayed the Government of Florence several Conspirators of other A Conspiracy against the Medices great Families of that City supported by the Pope set upon the two Brothers Julian and Laurence in a Church at the time of Mass where Julian was killed Laurence having saved Himself did stir up the People against the Conspirators some of them were hanged up in the heat Among others Salviati Archbishop of Pisa From Christ 1478. The Pope employ'd his Arms Spiritual and Temporal against the Florentines but they maintained the War with Forces the King of France sent them under the Command of Philip de Comines whose Name is Philip Comines famous for his curious and judicious Memoirs After the Death of Edward the Fourth King of England his Son Edward the Fifth tho' a Child was presently after Affairs of England kill'd with Richard his Brother by Richard their Uncle who usurpd ' the Crown From Christ 1483. Lewis the Eleventh King of France died a Prince who had Reigned with Of France more absolute Power than any of his Predecessors for which reason some write that he invested the Kings with more Regal Authority others that he had exalted them beyond all sense and reason His great Qualities were attended with as many ill ones as Cruelty Injustice and Hypocrisy and about the end of his Reign he fell into very great imbecility by his fear of Death His only Son Charles the Eighth very young succeeded him John Cibo a Genouese under the Name Popes of Innocent the Eighth succeeded Sixtus the Fourth Henry the Seventh made himself King of England having overcome and killed in Battel Richard the Third Henry was of Affairs of England the House of Lancaster by his Mothers side He united the two Houses York and Lancaster who were Enemies by marrying Mary of York Daughter to Edward the Fourth and Sister to Edward the Fifth From Christ 1485. Ferdinand King of Arragon and his Granada taken from the Saracens Wife Izabella Queen of Castille took Granada from Boadilla the last King of the Saracens in Spain From Christ 1492. A little while after Christopher Colombus Christopher Columbus a Genouese found out the new World with great Success and infinite Advantage to Ferdinand and Izabella From Christ 1494. King Charles went into Italy where all Charles the Eighth in Italy the Cities received him as Conqueror so he entered Rome where Alexander the Sixth Successor to Innocent the Eighth either could not or durst not oppose him from thence he march'd to the Kingdom of Naples and made himself Master of it with incredible facility His Design was to carry on the War even to Constantinople to which end he had delivered from the hands of the Pope Zizim Brother to Bajazet the Second to make use of him against Bajazet but the Design miscarried by the Death of Zizim but chiefly by the League the Pope the Venetians and Lodowike Sforza Duke of Millan made against the King to fight him as he came back The Battel was fought The Battel of Fornova near Fornova a Village near to Piacenza where the King wholly routed them tho' they were six times more in number than those of his Army but the French lost the Kingdom of Naples in as short a time as they had Conquered it that there remained to them nothing more than a filthy The Neopolitan Disease Disease which cannot modestly be named Two Years after Charles being dead Lewis Duke of Orleans first Prince of the Blood succeeded him The new King broke off his Marriage with
Wound being return'd to his Government of the HB Death Low Countries he soon after died From Christ 1592. King Henry the Fourth having made Profession of the Roman Catholick Religion was received into Paris and in like manner Henry IV. a Roman Catholick was acknowledg'd by all the Kingdom From Christ 1593. John Chastel a Scholar of the Jesuites John Chastel wounded K. Henry The Jesuits banish'd The Pope absolves the King of France wounded the King in the Mouth whereupon the Jesuites were banish'd France From Christ 1594. The King received Absolution of the Pope and so was acknowledg'd for King by all the Princes and States of Christendom From Christ 1595. He declared a War against Spain which A War between France Spain proved very unfortunate to France The Spaniards surprized Calais Cambray and Amiens King Henry re-took the last Cambray remained in the Hands of the Spaniards Calais was restored by the Peace which The Edict of Nants was treated and concluded at Vervins by the Ministers of the two Kings and the Pope's Legates From Christ 1598. The King made an Edict called that of Nants because he signed it in that City The Edict of Nants to revive the Union between his Subjects that were divided by their diversity of Religions King Philip the Second died of the lowsie Kings of Spain Disease He had put to Death his Son Don Carlos upon Suspicion that he favoured the poor Protestants of the Low Countries who had thrown off their Allegiance to King Philip because he designed to introduce the Inquisition Nor were they any longer able to endure the barbarous Cruelties of the Duke D' Alva Philip the Third succeeded his Father From Christ 1600. THE Seventeenth Age. HENRY the Fourth King of France The Marriage of Henry with Maria de Medices being Divorc'd from Margaret Sister to the three last Kings marryed Mary de Medices Neice to the great Duke of Tuscany In the first year of this Age she was brought to bed of a Dauphin who was since called Lewis the Thirteenth From Christ 1601. King Henry and the Duke of Savoy were The Affairs of France and Savoy entered into a War for the Marquisate of Saluces A Peace was made upon conditions with an exchange of Bresse and some other Lands given up to the King for the Marquisate The Mareschal Duke of Biron convicted The Death of Byron of Treason was beheaded From Christ 1602. Charles Emanuel Duke of Savoy attempted to take Geneva by scaling of it The scaling of Geneva which Design concluded to his Disgrace Elizabeth Queen of England being dead in the Seventy one year of her Age The Death of Queen Elizabeth having Reigned forty five Years most couragiously asserted the Protestant Religion which her Brother Edward the Sixth had reformed She was as highly qualified for War as for Peace She deserved the favour of Fortune by her great Care and wise Conduct in Governing The English received for their King James K. of England James the Sixth King of Scotland the first King of that Name in England From Christ 1603. The Arch-Duke Albert and Clara Eugenia Ostend taken at length took Ostend after more than three years Siege Paul the Fifth of the Borghese Family Popes succeeded Clement the Eighth From Christ 1605. At London was discovered the Powder The Gunpowder Treason at London A Quarrel between the Pope and the Venetians Plot to blow up King James and his Parliament From Christ 1606. The Quarrel between the Pope and the Venetians was chiefly made up by the Mediation of King Henry A Truce for many years between the Arch-Dukes and the United Provinces of A peace with States of Holland the Low Countries From Christ 1609. King Henry the Fourth preparing to make a great War was killed by Ravaillac The Death of Henry IV. Lewis the Thirteenth his Son about the Age of nine or ten years succeeded him under the Regency of his Mother Lewis the Thirteenth King Maria de Medices From Christ 1610. Count Maurice assisted by the French in Count Maurice took Juliers July Besieged the City of Juliers and in September following took it by Surrender Philip the Third King of Spain made Philip King of Spain takes Alrach himself Master of Alrach a strong Castle built by the Moors upon the streight of Gibralter He commanded all the Moors to depart Spain within three days under pain of Death having confiscated all their Estates but what Money and Goods they could carry along with them And that year Nine hundred thousand was expelled and in the following years not a few Certain Ministers in Holland offered to Remonstrant Ministers and contra Remonstrants the States a Remonstrance wherein they declared their opinion concerning Predestination for which reason they were called Remonstrants and their Opposites contra Remonstrants The Muscovite endeavouring to raise The Muscovite beaten by the Poâ—es The Muscovites burn Vilna the Siege of Smolensko is beaten by the Polanders The Muscovites in revenge burn Vilna where 4700 Houses were laid in Ashes The Sophy of Persia having defeated the Turks near Babylon sends an Ambassador to The Sophy of Persia makes a League with the Emperor The Arch-Duke of Austria made King of Bohemia the Emperor Rudolphus and confirms a League between them Mathias Arch-Duke of Austria and King of Hungary was made King of Bohemia A Conference between six Remonstrants at the Hague before the States General yet they could not agree about the Points in Controversy The King of Denmark declares War against Suâ—den Besieges Câ—lmar on the 2d of May and takes it on the 29th putting The King of Denmark declares War against the Swâ—de all to the Sword but those who escap'd into the Castle Smolensko was taken by the Poles two years after the Muscovites not only recovered that place but several other Cities of Lithuania Prince Henry created Prince of Wales Prince Henry created prince of Wales From Christ 1610. Christiem Elector of Saxony died of an Apoplexy and his Brother John George succeeded him The Elector of Saxony's death The King of Sweden's death Charles King of Sweden sinks under the loss of Colmar and died his Son Gustavus succeeded him From Christ 1611. Mathias King of Hungary and Bohemia Mathias married to Anna Arch-Dutchess of Austria marryed with Anna Arch-Dutchess of Austria Margaret Queen of Spain Wife to Philip the Third died in the 27th year of her Age. The Queen of Spains death Frederic the Fifth Count Palatine of the Rhyne married with Elizabeth Daughter to James the First King of England Frederic the Fifth married with the princess Elizabeth John George the Son of John George Duke of Saxony was born Rudolphus the Emperor having Reigned almost 35 years and having lived 59 The Emperor Rodolphus death Mathias King of Hungary Emperor died after whose death Mathias King of
Storm all manner of Cruelties upon the Inhabitants the Library which waâ— stored with most choice and excellent B 〈…〉 s was removed part of them to Munick and part to Rome A Peace concluded in France with the Protestants at Montpellier but not lasting Christian Duke of Brunswick invaded The Duke of Brunswick took Westphalia Westphalia and carried away a vast Treasure out of the Cathedral of Paderburne with the image of St. Liberius their Patron all of massy Silver Osman the Son of Ac 〈…〉 et Emperor Osman strangled and Mustapha Emperor of the Turks was strangled and Mustapha advanced in his room whom Osman before had imprisoned From Christ 1622. Maximillian Duke of Bavaria was created Elector of the Empire in the room of the Palatine Frederic and the Dignity granted to his Heirs Frederic with his Heirs being removed from that Title for making War against the Emperor King James entered into a War for King James made Waâ— with the Emperor about the Palatinate the recovery of the Palatinate Frankendale having been a long time besieged surrendred to the Spaniards Spinola who a little before had taken Breda from the Hollanders was forced to rise from before Bergen ap Zome upon Mansfeild's march to its Relief Gregory the Fifteenth died and Urban the Eighth a Florentine elected to succeed Popes Charles the Son of James the First Charles I. takes a Voyage into Spain thro' France King of Great Britain Prince of Wales travel 〈…〉 hro ' France into Spain and arriving safe at Madrid on the 17th of March and staying there till the 9th of September returned to London on the 16th of October From Christ 1622. Peace between his Holiness and the A peace between the Pope and the King of Spain King of Spain upon condition of Restoring the Valtolin to his Holiness Christian Duke of Brunswick defeated by Tilly and several great Persons taken prisoners Mustapha Emperor of the Turks who Mustapha resigned up the Empire of the Turks Amurath made Emperor was the last year in the room of his Nephew Osman freely Abdicated the Empire and Resign'd it to Amurath the Brother of Osman a Youth of 16 years of Age. Others say that having Reign'd a Year after the Death of Osman he was shut up in Prison 1623. Armandus Plessy Richelieu first Bishop of Cardinal de Richelieu his Administration Lusson then made a Cardinal obtained the Supream Administration of France under Lewis the XIII who gave up all things to his Management In which Office some things he did Honourably for his Reputation other things tyrannically and cruelly The Jesuits with other Popish Orders The Jesuits banisht England who upon the Marriage of Charles the First with Henrietta Maria the French King's Sister crowded into England within a short time after are commanded to depart the Kingdom On the other side the Protestant Ministers The Protestant Mininisters and their Religion proscribed by the â—mperor are proscribed out of Austria Bohemia and Moravia by the Emperor's Edict and all the Exercise of the Reformed Religion forbidden within his Territories The Tartars designing an Irruption into Poland with fourty thousand Men were The Tartars over-thrown by the Poles stoutly repulsed and received a very great Overthrow Marc Antonio de Dominis Archbishop of The Archb. of Spalato chang'd his Religion Spalato came into England and pretended to change his Religion was kindly entertain'd by King James the First But he not thinking the Preferment the King gave him sufficient return'd this Year to Rome where he made his Recantation but notwithstanding that he was clapt up in the the Castle of St. Angelo where he died this Year and his Body being burnt for his Apostacy his Ashes were thrown into the River Tibers A terrible Battle was fought between The Turks beaten by the Tartars the Turks and the Tartars where the Turks were overthrown with an extraordinary slaughter Urban the Eighth with the usual Procession The Year of Jubilee opened the Sacred Gate in St. Peter's Church and began the Year of Jubilee 1624. James the First King of Great Britain The Death of King James the First departed this Life the 66. year of his Age to whom succeeded Charles the First his Son Maurice Prince of Orange Governour The Death of Maurice prince of Orange of the United Provinces died in the 58. year of his Age to whom succeeded in the Government his Brother Frederic Henry by the Election of the States A great Plague in London whereof died A gr 〈…〉 plagâ—â— in London thirty thousand four hundred and seventeen Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden came The King of Sweden took Riga with a Fleet to Riga and made himself Master of several Cities of Livonia possess'd by the Polanders Breda which Prince Maurice had won by a Stratagem from the Spaniards is by them again recovered A War between the Emperor and the Breda retaken by the Spaniards King of Denmark with various Success A Confederacy between the King of England Sweden and Denmark with the A War between the Emperour and the K. of Denmark States General of the United Provinces for fifteen years to carry on the War against the King of Spain against whom also the King of England declared War by Sea and Land A Confeder against Spain Charles the 1. Married Charles the First of England married to Henrietta Maria Daughter to Henry the Fourth King of France The Bores in Austria took up Arms in order The Bores in Austria take up Arms. to recover the free Exercise of their Religion taken from them And made themselves Master of some Places by force of Arms But the next year were subdued and severely punisht The Persians gave a total defeat to the The Persians defeated by the Turks The Danes beaten by the Imperialists Turks near Babylon so that very few escapt The King of Denmark defeated in a great Battle by the Imperialists wherein all his Foot was cut off and lost the greatest part of his Cavalry The King of Sweden made an Expedition The K. of Sweden ' s Expedition into Prussia into Prussia and landing at Pillaw made himself Master of Braunsberg Traunsburg Marienberg and reduc'd all the neighbouring Country under his Subjection From Christ 1625. The Emperor by an Edict commanded The Emperor banisht all the Protestants out of Germany all the Inhabitants of the Kingdom of Bohemia not excepting any Degree that refused to embrace the Catholick Religion to depart the Kingdom in a certain time A most terrible Earthquake shook all An Earthquake at Apulia Apulia and swallowed up whole Towns Villages Castles Woods together with about twenty thousand People The English called by the Rochellers to assist The English assist the Rochellers them landed in the Isle of Ree under the Command of the Duke of Buckingham who was expell'd from thence with a great Slaughter The
and streams of Sulphur Henrietta Maria Queen Mother of England The death of the Queen Mother of England and Daughter to Henry the IV. died at Columbe near Paris Alphonso the Deposed King of Portugal was convey'd to the Island Tercera In Poland Michael Wisnowisky an Illustrious Winowisky 〈…〉 King of Poland Prince of the Kingdom was chosen King The Prince of Tuscany came to London The Prince of Tuscany arrived at London The prince of Denmark came to England The Duke of Albemarle ' s death visited Oxford and Cambridge and departed for Holland Prince George arrived in England The Duke of Albemarle died The Counts of Serini Nadast Frangipany and others were accused for conspiring against the Emperor for which they were imprisoned and beheaded The Duke of Crequi by the King of Three German Counts beheaded The French took Lorrain France his Command no War having been proclaim'd took the Dutchy of Lorain and reduced it to a French Province The pretence was that the Duke of Lorain contrary to the Pyrenean Articles had bred up Souldiers The Triple League between the King of The death of the Dutchess of Orleans England Sweden and Holland concluded in the year 1668. this year broken by the King of England About which time the Dutchess of Orleans struck up the Dover Treaty with France and a little while after she died at St. Clou in France Frederick the Third King of Denmark The death of the K. of Denmark departed this Life to whom succeeded Christian the Fifth In Russia the notorious Rebel Stephen Razin occasioned great Troubles and took the City of Astracan Popes In Italy Cardinal Aâ—nilio Altieri was made Pope and assumed the Name of Clement the Tenth The Duke of Florence died leaving his The death of the Duke of Florence Son Cozmo to succeed him who had travelled thro' many Countries in Europe The Prince of Orange arrived at White-Hall Tâ—â—â— of Orange arrived at London From Christ 1670. Charles the Second King of England sent the Order of the Garter to John George the Second Elector of Saxony Ann Dutchess of York died and was The death of the Dutchess of York interred in Henry the Seventh's Chappel Collonel Blood in the habit of a Parson made an attempt to carry away the Crown out of the Tower of London Sir Robert Holmes the English Admiral fell upon the Dutch Smirna Fleet. The Pope acknowledged the King of Portugal a free Prince and honoured him with a Nuntio From Christ 1671. The King of England declared War against Holland A terrible Engagement between the English and Dutch Fleets at Southwold-Bay where the English being surprized by De Ruyter after a sharp Dispute the Dutch Fleet gave way and retreated where was unfortunately lost the Earl of Sandwich Vice-Admiral of England The King of France invaded Holland and in the space of one Month took three Provinces Amsterdam being in very great danger Two Brothers Ruart van Putten and The death of De Wit and his Brother Pensionary De Witt killed by the multitude The Prince of Orange restored to the Dignities of his Ancestors was declared The prince of Orange made Capt. General of the States Armies Captain General of the States Armies The King of England stop'd all Payments of Money out of his Exchequer John Cazimir King of Poland having The Exchequer shut up The death of Cazimir K. of P lanâ— left his Kingdom lived a retired life in France where he died Charles Duke of Richmond died at Elsynore in Denmark where he was his Majesty's extraordinary Ambassador From Christ 1672. The death 〈◊〉 â— of 〈…〉 mond The Emperor made a League with the Spaniard Hollander and other Princes against the King of France and sent away The Emperor â— clared War against France Mastrick taken by the French The death of the K. of Poland the French Ambassador from Vienna The King of France took Mastriek and after that subdued ten Cities in Alsatia King Michael died in Poland but the next day the Poles under the Conduct of John Sobiesky gave the Turks a great overthrow who by that Victory gained so much the favour of the Polish Nobility that they chose him King the year ensuing The Spaniards declared War against the French and the French against the Spaniards The King of France finding so many Enemies confederated against him did quit his Conquests in Holland A first second and third Engagement between the Dutch and the English Fleets under the command of Prince Rupert In the last of which Sir Edward Spragg was lost in the second the English forced the Dutch to shelter themselves among their Flatts and Shoals The Dutchess of Modena arrived in England and was married to the Duke of York A Peace concluded between the King A peace between England and Holland of England and the States General From Christ 1670. The French Ambassador commanded to depart Ratisbone because the French were declared publick Enemies of the Empire The Battel of Sensheim in the lower Palatinate Tâ—â— Battle of Sensheim between the Saxons joined with the Imperialists against the French where Mareschal Turenne got the better of them The Battel of Seneff where the Prince The Battel of Seneffe of Orange remained Master of the Field Messina in Sicily revolted from the Spaniards Messina submitted to France and submitted to the K. of France who sent the Count de Vivonne for their The Danes made a League with the Spaniard and Hollander Governour The King of Denmark made a League with the Emperor the Spaniard and the Hollander while the Swedes inclined to the French and by the instigation of the French Ambassador fell into Brandenburgh which enforced the Elector to observe the Sobietsky King of Poland Peace made with France John Sobyetzsky elected K. of Poland with great applause of the Nobility and People King Charles having been pleased to accept The Freedom of London presented to K. Charles of the Freedom of the City of London the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen humbly presented his Majesty with the Copy of the Freedom in a Box of Massy Gold set with Diamonds From Christ 1674. The death of Mareschal Turenne Mareschal Tarenne killed by a Canon-shot and the French forced to retire out of Alsatia The Duke of Crequy defeated by the Confederates under the command of the Duke of Zell did fly to Treves and defended Treves taken the Town for a short time but at length the City was taken by the Victors and the D. of Crequy made a Prisoner Nimmegen appointed the place of Treaty Nimmegen the place of Treaty for a Peace between the Potentates at variance where Charles II. King of England interposed as Mediator From Christ 1675. A Marriage solemnized at St. James's The prince of Orange married to Lady Mary between the P. of Orange and the Lady Mary Stetin in Pomerania after a
Son of the Lacedemonian General Of the World 3807 before Ch. 197. The Syrian War was not less glorious to The Syrian War the Romans Hannibal being retired to Antiochus the Great whom he perswaded to declare War against them which proved unfortunate to him For the Romans first beat him at the famous Pass of Thermopolis and again on the Banks of Meander in Asia under the Conduct of Lucius Scipio Lucius Scipio Asiaticus from thence Sur-named the Asiatick His Brother Cornelius the African having been his Lieutenant in this Expedition Of the World 3813. before Ch. 191. Four Years after Antiochus having been Kings of Syria killed by the Persians near the Temple of Jupiter Elemais his Son Seleucus Phylopater succeeded him in the Kingdom of Syria Of the World 3817 before Ch. 187. Hannibal poison'd himself having discover'd The Death of Hannibal that Prusias King of Bythinia designed to deliver him up to the Romans Of the World 3822 before Ch. 182. In the third Chapter of the second Book of the Maccabees is to be read what happened to Heliodorus when he attempted The History of Heliodorus to plunder the Temple of Jerusalem Of the World 3828 before Ch. 176. At his return from Judea Heliodorus killed Seleucus and so made himself Master of the Kingdom of Syria but did not long Kings of the Kingdom of Syria Antiochus Epiphanes enjoy it for he was soon after slain by Antiochus Epiphanes Brother to Seleucus This Antiochus had been given a Hostage to the Romans by his Father Antiochus the Great Seleucus his Brother disengaged him by sending his own Son Demetrius in his place So that in the Nephew's absence it was easie for the Uncle to usurp the Kingdom of Syria The Romans did nor then oppose Antiochus but as he was entring into Aegypt against the Pupils their two Brothers Ptolomeus Phylometer and Everietes the Second Successors to their Father Ptolomeus Epiphanes they sent him a Kings of Aegypt Command by Papilius Laena who was then Pro-Consul of Asia not to molest the young Aegyptian Kings In returning from Aegypt this enraged Prince brought those Calamities upon the Jews which are set down in the Second The Jews persecuted by Antiochus Book of the Maccabees Chap. 4 5 6. And by Josephus in his Twelfth Book and the Sixth Chapter in the Fifteenth Book and the Third Chapter of the Jewish Antiquities Of the World 3836 before Ch. 168. In the mean time the Romans became The Conquest of Illyria by the Romans Masters of Illyria by defeating Gentius King of that Country and also of Macedonia which they took from Perseus who was carried in Triumph to Rome by the Consul Paulus Aemilius Of the World 3838 before Ch. 168. Judas Maccabeus that Illustrious Jew Judas Maccabeus revenged the Injuries done to his Nation upon the Lieutenants of Antiochus who preparing to enter into Judea against Maccabeus The Death of Antiochus Epiphanes met with an unfortunate End described in the Book of the Maccabees and in those of Josephus Of the World 3840 before Ch. 164. His Son Antiochus Eupater succeeded him at Nine Years of Age and was under the Tuition of Lysias his Father's Friend But two Years after the Guardian and his Pupil were killed by Demetrius Son of Seleucus who being escap'd from Rome was acknowledg'd King by the Syrians Of the Kings of Syria World 3842 before Ch. 162. His Lieutenants with an Army of Forty thousand Men overwhelmed Judas Maccabeus The Death of Judas Maccabeus who had the Courage to meet them only with Eight hundred Men. He had for his Successor to Command the Jewish Army his Brother Jonathas Of the World 3843 before Ch. 161. Alexander Balas calling himself the Son of Antiochus Epiphanes made himself Master of Syria having killed in Battle his Cousin Demetrius Soter This new King was a Friend to Jonathas Jonathas High-Priest by which means he obtained the Dignity of High-Priest and deposed the wicked Alcymius who had taken that Title upon him Onias Son to Onias the Great finding himself by this means excluded from this The Affairs of the Jews Soveraign Dignity in Jerusalem retir'd to exercise it in Aegypt among the Jews who lived there Having obtained of Philometer leave to build a Temple near Memphis not unlike that of Jerusalem Of the World 3856 before Ch. 148. A false Philip not long before had been A false Philip. driven out of Macedonia by the Romans they soon after had the same advantage A false Perseus over a false Perseus And the Achaians by favouring the latter exposed their Country to the Victorious Arms of the Romans This War ended by the Ruine of Corinth The Ruine of Corinth Polybius under the Consul Mumius Polybius a Native of that City who had followed his Disciple Scipio Aemilianus into Africk hearing of the Misfortune of his Country went thither to save some Remains of its ancient and precious Monuments Of the World 3858 before Ch. 146. The same Year was also remarkable for The Ruinâ— of Carthage Scipio Aemilianus Africanus the Destruction of Carthage Scipio Aemilianus took it and destroyed it by the Order of the Senate The third and last Punick War ending in that manner who at the same time acquired the Sur-name of Africanus as his Father by Adoption had done This happen'd in the third Year of the 158th Olimpiad Ptolomy Phylometer took away his Daughter Cleopatra from Balas then killed him in a Battle and gave Cleopatra to Demetrius Kings of Syria Nicator Son of Soter who by that means put himself in possession of the Kingdom of Syria Of the World 3859 before Christ 145. Phylometer being dead a little while after Everietes the Second his Brother married his Widow Cleopatra Sister to them Kings of Aegypt both and killed a Son she had by her first Husband So Everietes Reigned sole King of Aegypt Of the World 3861 before Ch. 143. In Syria Tryphon who was a Friend to Balas made Antiochus the Son of Balas to be acknowledged King at Antioch with so much the less trouble by reason Demetrius Nicator was taken Prisoner in a Battle by the Parthians The vanquish'd being honourably treated by the Victors married Rodoguna Daughter to their King Cleopatra hearing this married Antiochus Sydetes Brother to her Husband Demetrius So Sydetes was acknowledged King of the Syrians having overcome and killed in Battle Tryphon who pretended to the Crown of Syria after he had killed his Pupil young Antiochus Of the World 3866 before Ch. 138. Jonathas had been murthered by this The Jewish Aâ—â—airs Tryphon Symon Brother to Jonathas who succeeded him in the Principality and High-Priesthood of the Jews assisted Sydetes to defeat Tryphon and was killed a while after by his Father-in-Law Ptolomy the Son of Abobus his Son John Hircanus succeeded in his place Of the World 3869 before Ch. 135. The Romans seized on the Treasures
Herod who made himself a while after so Renowned Of the World 3242 before Ch. 62. In Aegypt Alexander having killed his King of Aegypt Mother Cleopatra who was so indulgent to him that she set him on the Throne to the greatest Injustice to her eldest Son Lathurus The Aegyptians set him up after they had expelled the other Both being dead Galinius Pro-Consul of Syria received Orders from the Senate to put in possession of that Kingdom Ptolomy Auletes Son to Lathurus whom the Aegyptians had expelled Crassus plundered the Temple of Jerusalem Crassus plunders the Temple of Jerusalem is overcome and killed by the Parthians Caius Julius Caesar subdues the Gauls The Jews did artribute for that Sacriledge the unhappy Success of the War he made against the Parthians where he and his Son were overcome and killed C. Julius Caesar after his first Consulate having had the Government of Gaule-Cisalpine subdued the Trans-Alpines in Nine Years time The Senate being jealous of his growing Power commanded him to disarm upon his Refusal he was declared an Enemy to the Commonwealth Which occasioned The Civil War a Civil War Of the World 3255 before Ch. 49. The Senate having given the Command of their Army to Pompey upon Caesar's coming he was forc'd to pass the Sea to Dyrachium In the mean time he made himself to be chose Consul at Rome then passed into Caesar Consul the Second time Reduces Spain Spain where without hardly a Blow struck he forced Afranius and Petreius to deliver up to him the five Legions they commanded for Pompey And the like Submission was shewn by Varro who commanded a Legion for the same Faction which lay towards the Streights of Gades in that Kingdom At his Return he press'd the Siege of Marseilles which he left block'd up when Takes and ruines Marseilles he went into Spain He took it and destroyed it making that miserable City an Example to those that took part with his Enemies Then he came back to Rome but stayed He comes back co Rome no longer there than was necessary to regulate his own Affairs So he went to Brundusium and from thence to the other Passes the Sea to fight Pompey side of the Sea to fight Pompey After some Skirmishes between the two Armies the Business was at last decided in the Plains of Pharsalia where Pompey was The Battle of Pharsalia overcome tho' he had had an Army far more numerous than that of Caesar's Of the World 3956 before Ch. 48. Pompey flying after this great Misfortune to the Coasts of Aegypt was there killed Pompey killed by the Treachery of the Counsellors of young Ptolomy Denis who had succeeded his Father Auletes Caesar arriv'd soon after in Aegypt where Caesar arrives in Aegypt by his Policy and Strength he defended himself against the Ambuscades of the Aegyptians And after an open War had been declared he defeated them by Sea and Land their young King being killed in The End of Ptolomy in Aegypt Cleopatra Queen of Aegypt a Land-Battle Then Caesar falling in Love with Cleopatra Sister to the slain King made her Queen of Aegypt tho' he might have reduc'd it to a Province Pharnaces the Son of Mithridates who Caesar against Pharnaces remained in possession of some Provinces near the Bosphorus judging this Opportunity of the Civil War favourable to his Designs he had taken not only enterprized upon the Pontus the ancient Patrimony of his Royal Family but also on Bythinia and Cappadocia Caesar returning from Aegypt advanced towards him and ended the War with as much Facility as Expedition So that he writ to one of his Friends it was the same thing for him To come to see and to overcome In his Return to Rome he set at Liberty the Prince Aristobulus who had been taken by Pompey Caesar likewise assisted him with some Forces in order to put himself in possession of the Kingdom of the Jews But having been poyson'd by the Treachery of his Enemies his eldest Son Alexander fell into the Hands of Scipio who cut off his Head at Antioch His younger Son Antigonus retired to the Parthians So that in Judea the High-Priesthood remaining still in the Hands of Hircanus elder Brother to the deceased Aristobulus The Political Government was administred by Antipater and his two Sons Phaselus and Herodes Caesar passed over into Affrick against Caesar in Affrick Cato Scipio Massinissa King of Numidia and others who having got together the Remains of Pompeys's Army had powerfully renewed the War in those parts They were all defeated by Caesar near Tapsus The Battle of Tapsus his Victory was so great that the chief of them despairing to be able to renew Catos's Death The Death of Massinissa Paetreus and Scipio the War killed themselves Cato at Utica Massinissa and Petraeus at Cirta the capitol City in Numidia Scipio at Sea finding his Vessel taken by one of Caesars Of the World 3959 before Ch. 45. The Conqueror being returned to Rome took possession of his fourth Consulat then went into Spain against the two Sons of Caesar goes into Spain Pompey who had seized of that Province and had got there a numerous great Army The decisive Battle was fought near The Battle of Munda Munda where the Eldest of the two Brothers Cneius Pompey was killed with a Thousand Knights and Thirty Thousand other Romans The younger Brother Sextus Pompeius escapt being reserved for another Fortune Caesar returned to Rome and there celebrated Caesars ' s Triumphs five Triumphs first of the Gaules of that of Aegypt of Pontus of Affrick and of Spain without making mention of the Battle of Pharsalia of Tapsus and of Munda It was at that time that the Calendar He reforms the Calender was begun to be used for Caesar as Soveraign Priest had reformed it the Year before Caesar by so great and fortunate Successes being Master of the Common-wealth the Senate conferred on him the highest Honours with an Absolute Power to command all the Roman Empire which gave occasion of the Conspiracy made against him by the two Brutuses Marcus and Decimus Caius Cassius and others of the chief of the Nobility who killed him Caesars Death in the Senate as he was preparing to make War against the Parthyans Of the World 3960 before Ch. 44. Octavius Caesar Grand Son to Julia Octavius Caesar And mark Anothony united Sister of Julius Caesar and his adopted Son took the Name Inheritance and all the Rights of his Father and maintained it with the help of Marcus Antonius the zealous Friend of Julius Caesar These two in a short time fell out Marcus Antonius having besieged Modena the Senate gave Octavius a Commission to raise the Siege where Decimus Brutus was shut up Octavius accomplisht the design so well that Anthony being overcome Mark Anthony overcome at Modena and retires to Lepidus fled into Gaule where he was kindly received by
Lepidus who commanded in that Province Of the World 3961. before Ch. 43. But their mutual Interests having obliged them to a Reconciliation in order to revenge the Death of Caesar and to oppose the power of his Murtherers favoured by the Senate these three Men made themselves Masters of the Republick by joining together and forming the famous The Triumvirat Triumvirate so fatal to many illustrious Persons of the Roman Empire Of the World 3962 before Ch. 42. Lepidus one of the Triumvirs stayed in Italy while the other two Octavius and Anothony passed the Seas to make War against Marcus Brutus and Caius Cassius who had great Forces in Greece That Affair was ended in a Battle near The Battle of Philippi Philippi in Macedonia Caius Cassius overcome by Anthony killed himself fearing the same fate had fallen on Brutus his Collegue but it fell out contrary he having The Death of Cassius and Brutus had some advantage over Octavius But the next day the two Armys again joining Battle Brutus was defeated and killed himself in Despair Of the World 3964 before Ch. 40. After this Victory the two Conquerers The Alliance between Octavius and Anthony allied themselves by Marriage Octavius Marrying Antonia Daughter to Anthony and Anthony with Octavia Sister to Octavius tho' she was a Widow a little before and with Child by Marcellus her first Husband These two Triumvers having little regard for their Colleague Lepidus divided They divide the Provinces between them between them the Provinces of the Empire Octavius took those of the West and Anthony those of the East Of the World 3968 before Ch. 36. Sextus Pompeius had considerable Forces Sextus Pompeius chiefly Naval on the Coasts of Sicily and all along the Eastern part of Italy Octavius made use of the Forces of Lapidus to Defeat Sextus Pompeius so that this last Son of Pompey the Great being forsaken of all fled into Asia where he fell into His Death the hands of Anthony's Party who killed him After that Octavius having corrupted the Army of Lepidus this Triumvir was reduct being abandoned by all to obey Octavius his Command who banish'd him to a little Island in the Mediteranean Lepidus ' s Death where he died an Exile Anthony having attackt the Parthians Anthonys War a-against the Parthians that War proved fatal to him for he there lost a great part of his Army yet with the remainder he made a safe and honourable Retreat Antigonus Son to Aristobulus by the help of the Parthians was establisht in Judea in the time of the civil War between the Romans but these great Disorders being some what appeased Herod favoured by Anthony his intimate Friend first of all made use of the Forces Ventidius commanded in Syria after that more effectually of those commanded by Sosius with which he besieged and took Jerusalem where The Death of Antigonus Antigonus was who falling into the hands of his Enemys was Beheaded Whereupon Herod having been already declared Herod King of the Jews King of the Jews by the Senate establish'd himself in that Dignity Anthony fell Passionately in Love with Cleopatra Anothony in Love with Cleopatra past his time at Alexandria in a shameful manner while Octavius was preparing to make War against him under pretence of the high Injury his Sister Octavia received by this disloyal Love of Anthony her Husband At last the business being come to an open Rupture the Affairs ended by one Naval Battle between the two Parties it was fought in view of the Promontary of Actium Anthony lost the day by deserting his The Battle of Actium Fleet to follow Cleopatra who retreated with her ships at the beginning of the Fight he followed her to Alexandria whereupon a false report raised by her means that she had killed her self gave himself a mortal Wound but being immediately The Death of Anthony after assured Cleopatra was living he caused himself to be carried where she was and died in her Arms. So Octavius who from that time was Octovius Augustus Master of the Roman Empire called Augustus became sole Master of all that belonged to the Republick it was from that Battle and from the Death of Anthony History begins to reckon the Forty Four Years that Augustus Reigned alone He came frequently after to Alexandria The Death of Cleopatra where having seized on Cleopatra she frustrated his Design notwithstanding all the care he took to preserve her Life Intending her for the chief Ornament of his Triumph to avoid which she killed her self applying a Serpent to her Arm which was brought to her in a Basket of Figs. In her ended the Line of the Ptolomys who had Reigned in Aegypt since the The end of the Kingdom of Aegypt death of Alexander to that time the Kingdom being reduc'd to a Provinee by Augustus He employed the two following years to set in order the Affairs of the East then he returned to Rome where he celebrated three Triumphs that of Actium of Dalmatia Augustus his Triumphs and of Alexandria with that vast Magnificence which had never been shown before After he had been powerfully setled in the Soveraignty he exprest a desire to His Soveranity over all the Empire divest himself of it but the Senate and People inured to servitude hindred him from executing his design whether true or feigned conferring on him excessive Honours with an absolute power over all the Empire Of the World 3977 before Ch. 27. He did not abuse his Power for his Government His Wisdom in Governing was such That the Romans never regretted the loss of their liberty under his Reign The Reputation he required by the clemency of his Government was spread about even to all Foreign Nations of His good Fortune which some of the most Barbarous and most remote courted his Friendship and and Alliance as the Indians but above all the Parthians who not only rendered him the Ensigns taken from him at the defeat of Crassus and that of Anthony with all the Prisoners taken at the last Battle but that which never happened to this Warlike Nation they presented him with two Sons of their King in Hostage as a pledge of their Treaty This great prosperity was only disturbed by some small losses on the Frontiers of the Empire The most considerable and which most afflicted him was the loss of the Legions commanded by Varus in The losâ— of Varus Germany who were surpized and cut in pieces by the Germans But Augustus so happy in all other respects The inward troubles of Augustus had great Domestick Troubles by the irregular conduct of the two Julias Mother and Daughter One his Daughter the other his Grand-daughter by the Death of his two Grand-sons Caius and Lucius whom he had adopted and as it was thought designed them for his Successors to the Empire also by the Death of Drusus Son to his Wife Livia
more than Seventy Antoninus ' â— Death Years From Christ 261. Marcus Aurelius whom Antoninus had Marcus Aurelius Lucius Verus Successors Anicetus Bishop of Rome Adopted and Lucius Verus Adopted by Aurelius succeeded him Anicetus Bishop of Rome Justin the Apologist for the Christians with a great Number of others were Crowned Martyrs in the Persecution Marcus Aurelius raised up against them From Christ 162. War against the Parthians In the beginning of his Reign he had sent his Colleague to make War against the Parthians but Lucius Verus a debauch'd Man staying at Antioch to take his Pleasures sent his Lieutenants upon that Expedition which proved very successful to the Romans the Parthians having been defeated in many Rencounters From Christ 165. Polycarpus Bishop of Smirna and Disciple St. Polycarp of St. John the Evangelist ended his long Life by a glorious Martyrdom In like manner suffered Photinus Bishop Martyrs of Lyons of Lyons where many of his Flock instructed by him in their Faith received the same Happiness From Christ 167. Lucius Verus died as he came back from Lucius Verus ' s Death Illyria with Marcus Aurelius After his Death Marcus Aurelius found him better dispos'd to receive the Apologies presented Apologies for the Christians to him by Meliton Bishop of Sardis and the Philosopher Athenagâ—ras who so far prevailed to mitigate the Persecution Yet the Idolaters persevered to sacrifice many Christians to their Hate even at Rome Bishops of Rome where Soter Bishop and Successor to Anicetus suffered Martyrdom From Christ 170. The Persecution at length wholly ceased The Persecution ceases by the miraculous help that Aurelius received from Heaven by the fervent Prayers of the Christians which composed a Legion of the Army he had brought to fight against the Macromans This Legion was called the Thunderers The Thundering Legion because it had prevailed with Heaven to extirpate the Barbarians by a Tempest that discharged itself only upon them without falling on the Romans From Christ 173. Nevertheless Aurelius was forc'd to quit that War in order to compose a Civil A Civil War War broke out in Syria by the Pro-Consul Cassius Aurelius having happily concluded it The Exploit of Marcus Aurelius return'd to the Northern Parts against the Germans Panonians and Sarmatians all which he overcame with great Glory He died as he lived with that Constancy Marcus Aurelius ' s Death and Resolution worthy a Stoick Philosopher as he profess'd himself to be From Christ 180. His Son Commodus succeeded him in the Commodus ' s Son and Successor Empire but not in his Vertues The first five Years of his Reign were only remarkable for excessive Debaucheries From Christ 185. However the Church enjoying Peace Eleutherius Successor to Soter Bishop of Bishops of Rome Rome died of a Natural Death He was the first Bishop of that City who died so Many Hereticks disturbed this outward Hereticks Peace by their extravagant Opinions such as were those of the Adamites Abelites Sethites Ophytes and Cainites with others more dangerous as those of Theodâ—sien of Praxeus Hermogenes and of Artemâ—n Enemies to the Divinity of Jesus Christ. Tertullian a Priest of Lyons and Irenaeus Tertullian Irenaeus Bishop of Lyons disputed on the contrary for the true Doctrine by their Learned Works but the first had the Misfortune to yield to the Errors of Montanus and the Encratites The Learned Men who flourish'd since Trajan to this time were Appian Aelian Learned Men. Pausanias Justin the Abreviator of Trogus Pompeius Historians Ptolomy the Geographer Diogenes Laertius Athneus Apuleus Julius Pollux Maximus of Tyre Rhetoricians and Philosophers Marullus the Poet. Among the Christians Egesipus the Historian In the last Seven Years of Commodus the Empire was rendred desolate by the Plague and Famine and Rome particularly by a horrible Fire and by a terrible Earthquake This Monster of a Prince being not in the least reclaimed by all these Calamities still persevered in his most dissolute Debauches till the World being no longer able to suffer them he was poyson'd and Commodus ' s Death then strangled by a Faction of his own Domesticks From Christ 192. Helvius Pertinax chosen by the Conspirators Pertinax his Successor to succeed him was received with Joy by the Senate and People by reason of his good Qualities which recompenc'd the Meanness of his Birth But the Praetorian Bands suffering with Regret the want of those licentious Liberties to which they had been accustomed during the former Reign killed him within less than He is kill'd three Months After that the Murtherers retired and fortified themselves in their Camp crying out That the Empire was to be sold For in effect they bestowed it on Didius Julianus Didius Julianus his Successor who gave them more Money than was offered them by his Competitor Sulpitius Son-in-Law to Pertinax So the Senate and People chose an Emperor after this manner who in himself was very debauch'd From Christ 193. In the mean time three Generals of the Armies were proclaimed Emperors in three Three other Emperors several Provinces Pescenius Niger in Syria Albinus in Great Brittain Septimus Severus in Illyria and Panonia Severus being more politick than the others came into Italy with design as he said to incite the People to Revenge the Death of Pertinax The Senate encouraged by his Conduct Arraigned and Condemned Didius Julianus who was executed The Death of Didius Julianus Severus Emperor so that Severus coming to Rome was there received and acknowledged Emperour by the Senate and People The Year following he went into the East against Niger who was kill'd after The Death of Niger he had been overcome in a Battle in Cilicia From Christ 194. At that time there arose a Dispute touching The Dispute about Easter-Day the Day of the Celebration of Easter between Victor Bishop of Rome and the Bishops of Asia The Bishop of Rome would have it celebrated the Sunday after the 14th of the New Moon of March The others to be celebrated on the 14th of that Moon precisely on that Day of the Week it should happen From thence they were called the Quarto Decimans Quarto Decimans Tho' the Business was of no great Importance yet the learned Church-men were so inflamed by the Dispute that reciprocal Excommunations past between Victor Bishop of Rome and the Asian Bishops From Christ 197. Tho' Severus was overcome by Niger yet he had the good Fortune to defeat Albinus who afterwards killed himself near Thâ— Death of Albinus Lyons the Battle between them was so bloody that the River Arar thereby changed its Colour and was since called Sangone and by abbreviation Saone From Christ 198. The City of Lyons was of Albinus's side even all the Inhabitants were Christians Severus took that occasion to persecute Severus persecutes the Christians St. Ireneus Martyr the Faithful He put
to Death a great Number at Lyons and among them their holy Bishop Ireneus Severus spent the two last Years of this Age in making War against the Parthians from whom he took Babylon Ctesiphonte and all Mesopotamia From Christ 200. The Third Age. SEverus in his Return from that War came to Aegypt where he put to Death Severus â—n Aegypt many Christians who were constant in professing their Faith From Christ 201. Among others Leonidas a Citizen of Leonidas Martyr Alexandria Father to Origen who was about sixteen Years old Clement of Alexandria Clement the famous Master of that renowned Disciple did fly from the Cruelty of those Persecutors From Christ 203. Tertullian writ his Apologetick and Minutius Faelix his Octavius two excellent Minutius Faelix Pieces in favour of the Christians to defend them against the Calumnies thrown upon them Severus after he had triumph'd at Rome for his Parthian Conquest passed over to Great Brittain to reduce those Islanders Severus in Great Brittain who had revolted From Christ 208. Which he accomplish'd in one Year's time and after that stayed there two Years and there died of the Gout attended He there dies with an extream Grief occasioned by an inveterate Hatred between his two Caracalla and Geta his Sons and Successors Sons Bassianus Sur-named Caracalla and Getd From Christ 211. These two Brothers came to Rome by two different Ways where they were received by the Senate and People to reign together But their Hatred increased so highly between them that the eldest Brother The eldest kills his Brother killed the other in his Mother Julia's Arms. From Christ 213. Then he put to Death many great Persons because they would not approve of his Fratricide Among others the famous Civilian Papinian who being sollicited by Caracalla to defend the Murder he had committed answered him boldly That it was more easie to commit a Crime than to justifie it Papinian had for his Contemporaries Paulus and Caius of the same Profession Learned Men. Philostratus Alexander Aphroditius and Censorinus flourish'd at that time Bassianus Antoninus Caracalla being very much touch'd with Remorse for this horrid Crime and his other Cruelties which made him to be hated at Rome took occasion to depart from thence under pretence of making War against the Parthians While he was there thus employed Materianus Governor of Rome writ to advertize him that there was a Conspiracy against him of which Macrinus a Captain of the Praetorians was chief The Letter fell by chance into the Hands of Macrinus who having perused them hastened to accomplish his Design causing Caracalla to be killed by a Centinel and immediately Caracallas's Death the Centinel himself was Murchered that the Conspiracy might not be discovered by which means he got to have the principal charge of the Army and easily influenc'd them to proclaim him Emperor From Christ 217. Zepherinus Bishop of Rome and Successor to Victor died that Year Macrinus made a Peace with the Parthians Macrinus his Successor and retired to Antioch while he stayed there with his Son Diadumenes whom he had Associated to the Empire Maesa corrupted the Army in Phaenicia with Money and caused a Boy to be Proclaimed Emperor who was her Grandson by the Daughter she had of the Emperor Caracalla Macrinus at first despised that Faction which was headed only by an Old Woman and a Child but his Leiutenants having before been defeated The Death of Macrinus and Diadumenes he himself was afterwards slain in a Battle with Diadumenes his Son and Colleague So Bassianus better known by the name of Heliogabalus was first acknowledged Emperor in the East and afterwards at Rome Heliogabalus From Christ 218. The World endured this detestable Prince for the space of four Years at the end of which the Horrors of his monstrous Life being become insupportable to the very Soldiers they killed him From His Death Christ 222. His Cousin Germain Marcus Aurelius Alexander Severus his Successor Alexander Severus a Prince as Virtuous as his Predecessor had been Vitious was chose in his place Ulpian an excellent Civilian and the chiefest of the Praetorian Bands but an inveterate Enemy to the Christians put to Death a great many for confessing their Faith among whom was Calistus Successor Bishops of Rome to Zepherinus Bishop of Rome During the first Six Years of Alexander Severus the Empire was at Peace This Young but excellent Prince applied himself to redress the disorders which were introduc'd into all parts of the Empire in the time of the former Reigns From Ch. 228. He accumulated to this the Glory he acquired by his Arms in the War against War against the Persians the Persians Artaxates or Artaxerxes a Prince of that Nation resigned to him his Soveraignity after he had overcome and killed in Battle Artaban the last King of the Parthians of the race of the Arsacides The end of the Arsacides From Christ 229. In this Emperors absence Urbinus the Prefect of Rome put to Death another Urbin Bishops of Rome who was Bishop and succeeded Calistus From Christ 231. The War against the Persians lasted three Years but Alexander concluded it with very great Glory and advantage to the Romans The exploits of Alexander Severus He staid some time in the East to set in order those Provinces then he returned to Rome to reap the Honour of a Magnificent Triumph after which he past over into Gaule to stop the revolt of the Germans But the Soldiers not being able to suffer that severity of Discipline to which he had inured them killed him His Death before he past over the Rhine From Ch. 235. Rome never injoyed a Prince more accomplish'd in all kinds of Virtues but His Virtues chiefly for Justice having exactly practised that best of Maxims which forbids to do that to another we would not have done to our selves It is believed he had learn'd it from his Mother Mammea who had imbued him with that Moral of Christianity in which she had been instructed by Origen Maximus Successor to Alexander Severus Maximus his Successor and principal Author of his Death was as Vitious as his Predecessor had been Virtuous he persecuted the Christians of whom he put to Death a great number among whom was Pontianus Bishop of Rome who succeeded Urbin as also Anteros Successor to Pontianus From Christ Bishops of Rome 236. The Army in Africk proclaimed for their Emperors their two Generals the two Gordians Father and Son but they The two Gordians Father and Son Emperors were presently killed by Capellinus their Enemy Governor of Mauritania In the mean time the Senate declared Emperors two Senators Pupienus Maximus and Celius Balbinus to whom to please the Soldiers they joined the young Gordian Grandson to one and Son to the otheâ— Gordian who were killed in Africk Maximus quitting the design of making War against the
Sarmatians past into Italy Their Death and besieged Aquilia which held out foâ— the Emperors declared by the Senate buâ— the Soldiers killed him and his Son of the same Name and of the very same humoâ— of his Father From Christ 237. Soon after the Praetorian bands killeâ— their two Emperors chose by the Senate Pupienus and Ballinus Emperors with the young Gordian so the young Gordian remained sole Emperor He was carried to the War against the Persians which lasted three Years and became glorious to the Romans by the Conduct of Misetheus a Person of very great Prudence and Courage who was Father-in-law to Gordian But Philip one of the chifest Officers of the Army having poisoned Mizetheus and perswaded the Soldiers to kill Gordian the traterous The Death of Gordian Murtherer was proclaimed Emperor by the Army He was an Arabian tho' some Writers stile him a Christian but there Philip his Successor was not the least appearance of it for his Cruelties and Treacheries did not at that time agree with the Rules of Christianity This new Prince made a very advantageous Peace with Sapor King of Persia then he came to Rome where he celebrated with great Magnificence the Thousandth The 1000 Year of Rome Year from the Foundation of that City From Christ 247. The Goths a People originally of Scyâ—hia The Gochs invade the Empire past the Danube and plac'd themselves on that side of the Lands of the Empire There was sent against them Decius a Person of high Merit and one of the Senators The Army in Panonia having proclaimed Philip their Emperor he with his The Two Philips killed Forces march'd against Decius but being come to Verona his own Soldiers killed him while the Praetorian Bands did the like to his Son of the same Name whom he left at Rome So Decius being acknowledged Emperor Decius Emperor by the Armies he was also declared with great Joy by the Senate and People He was indued with excellent Qualities but he was an utter Enemy to the Christians against whom he stirred up a most cruel The Persecution of the Christians Bishop of Rome Persecution among a great number of Martyrs he made to suffer was Fabian Bishop of Rome Successor to Antheros Before Christ 250. This persecution though it was very bloody yet it lasted not long for this cruel Emperor was slain in the War against The Death of Decius the Goths in Panonia one part of the Army being cut to pieces by the Barbarians Gallus his Successor the other part who had not fought proclaimed Gallus Emperor who was their chief Commander Corelius Bishop of Bishops of Rome Rome Successor to Fabian Sealed by Faith the effusion of his Blood From Christ 352. Under the Pentificat of this Cornelius the The first Schism at Rome first Schism broke out in the Church of Rome Novatus a Priest of Carthage being come to Rome had that Interest to cause the Novatian Priest to be elected Bishop in opposition to Cornelius pretending he had been too indulgent in admitting to the Peace of the Church those who were fallen from Christianity in the time of the Persecution Gallus and Volutianus his Son and Colleague Gallus and Valutianus Emperor in the Empire gave themselves up to all pleasure at Rome while the Persians ravaged Syria took and plundered Antioch And the Goths did the like in Greece yet the latter were most of them cut in pieces by the Romans under the conduct of Aemilianus who after this glorious exploit Aemilianus Emperor The Death of Gallus and Volutianus And of Aemilianus Valerian Emperor was proclaimed Emperor by the victorious Army Gallus and Volutianus left Rome and march'd together to fight him but before the two Armys could meet both Father and Son were killed by their own Soldiers Aemilianus was afterwards overcome and slain in Battle by Valerian who was then acknowledged Emperor From Christ 253. He cruelly persecuted the Christians and among the great number he put to Death for their Faith was Lucius Bishop of Bishop of Rome Rome Successor to Cornclius then followed Stephanus and Sixtus the Second and in Africk St. Cyprian Bishop of Carthage St. Cyprian there had been great disputes in Writing between this Holy Man and Stephanus Bishop of Rome upon two Subjects the first concerning the appeal of some Priests of Africk addrest to the See of Rome by that means to avoid the correction of their own Bishops The other subject was upon a Question touching the validity of Baptism administered by Hereticks St. Cyprian being for the Negative and Stephanus for the Affirmative The famous Origen died in Palestine The Death of Origen where he had retired in a deep Melancholy because his Bishop Demetrius of Alexandria had layed to his charge erronious Opinions The Emperor Valerian making War against Valerian made prisoner by the Persians the Persians was overcome and took Prisoner by Sapor their King who kept him in a shameful and base Captivity while Galienus insensible of this high Disgrace past his time at Rome in all Pleasure and Luxury which gave occasion to many Governors of Provinces to assume the Title of Emperors each in his The 30 Tyrants Gallienes kiâ—led peculiar Government They were Thirty in number who were called Tyrants Gallienus was killed by the Captains of his Guards who could no longer endure his vitious way of living Claudius the second Cladius the second his Succssor Aureolus one of the Thirty Tyrants kill'd was put in his place and received with Joy by the Senate for his good Qualities he went presently against Aureolus one of the Thirty Tyrants who Governed Illyria he overcame him and slew him in Battle From Christ 268. Denys Bishop of Rome and Successor to Bishop of Rome Sixtus the Second died a Martyr Claudius having past into Greece there defeated a great Army of the Scythians who had made an irruption into those parts All who escapt that overthrow retreated to a Mountain Claudius encompast them with his Army and so straightly block'd them up and kept them from all manner of Provisions that the Plague was got among them from whence it infected the Roman Army where many died The Death of Claudius Quintilius his Successor Aurelian Emperor and among the rest the Emperor Claudius as also his Brother Quintilius chose to succeed him by the Army who upon his Death set up Aurelianus in his place and their choice was approved by the Senate From Christ 270. There remained of the Thirty Tyrants only Macrian in Asia the lesser and Posthumius Macrian and Posthumius two of the 30 Tyrants Zenobia in Gaule these two were powerful enough to make the Emperor fear them bur Aurelian having overcome them one after the other marcht into Syria against Zenobia Queen of Palmerina the Widow of Odenatus she had the Courage to maintain for her Sons the Title of Emperors
which her Husband had assumed while he Reigned Aurelian highly esteemed the Victory he had obtained over this brave War-like Queen and bringing Overcome her to Rome bound with Chains of Gold and enrich'd with pretious Stones made her the noblest Ornament of his Triumph From Christ 274. Aurelian having accomplish'd all these Affairs most cruelly persecuted the Christians The Christians persecuted Bishops of Rome of whom he put to Death a great number for their Faith and among the rest Faelix Bishop of Rome Successor to Denis Aurelian preparing to make War against Aurelian kill'd the Persians was killed by the Treachery of one of his Secretarys whom he had threatned and who fearing the effect of his menaces seduc'd several Officers of the Army persuading them that the Emperor designed their Death It was very strange that there happened no trouble in the Empire during an interregnum of seaven Months in all which time the Army and Senate had complemented each other about the right of Election at last the Senate absolutely refusing to Elect obliged the Army to name an Emperor who was unanimously received called Claudius Tacitus He highly Claudius Tacitus Emperor His Death Florian his Successor Probus Emperor deserved it for his great parts but the Empire injoyed him only Seven Months his Brother Florian who succeded him Reigned but Twenty Days From Ch. 277. Aurelius Probus their Successor was generally approved by all the Noble Degrees of the Empire with great reason being endued with exceeding rare Qualities suitable to his Name During the five Years he Reigned he supprest all the designs of those who affected Tyranny in several Provinces of the Empire and drove out of its limits all the Barbarians who infested them But the Soldiers not being able to endure that great severity of Discipline to which he restrained them kill'd him and put in His Death his place Carus Praefect of the Praetorian Bands who associated to the Empire his Carinus and Numerianus Emperors Sons Carinus and Numerianus From Christ 282. The Persecution being revived against the Christians Eutichius Bishop of Rome Bishops of Rome and Successor of Faelix suffered Martyrdom Carus pursued the design of Probus and obtained great advantages over them but as he was resolving to pursue them with more Force and Vigour he fell sick and The Death of Carus died whether of his Sickness or by a Fright occasioned by a dreadful Tempest of Thunder which killed many of his Army and wept so much for the death of his Father that he was fain to be carried in a close Litter Aper his Father-in-law who took Numerianus killed that occasion to kill him secretly hoping by that means to attain to the Empire He concealed this Murther for some days but it being discovered by the nauseous smell of the dead Body the Soldiers killed the Murtherer and proclaimed Emperor Dioclesian Emperor one of their chiefs called Diocles who adding some Letters to his Name called himself Dioclesian This new Prince march'd presently against Charinus the Son of Carus who being informed of what had happened in the East took his way on that side to fight his Competitor They met in Panonia where Charinus was overcome and killed in Battle so Dioclesian being Conqueror was received Emperor by the Senate Maximinian Hercules Associates to the Empire Maximinian Galerus and Constantius Chlorus and People and with their Consent associated to the Empire Maximinian Hercules Four years after the two Emperors took the Title of Caesars Dioclesian Maximinian Galerus Armentarius Maximinian took Constantius Chlorus the great Grandchild of the Emperor Claudius the Second In the terrible persecution that Dioclesian raised up against the Christians as infinite number of the Faithful suffered Martyrdom and amongst them Caius the Successor to Eutychius Bishop of Rome From Bishop of Rome Christ 296. The four Princes Triumph'd magnificently The Triumph of the Four Princes at Rome having victoriously driven out the Barbarians each of them from that part of the Empire where they waged War against them From Christ 298. This Age was pestered with many Hereticks Hereticks among others Sabellius an Enemy Sabellius to the Holy Trinity In like manner was Paul of Samosatus Bishop of Antioch Paul of Samosatus Manes Manes who asserted two new Principles she one Good and the other Bad. The Fathers of the Christian Church did not Fathers of the Church exactly set down in what Year of this Age Origen died Gregorius Thaumaturgius Bishop of Neocesaria Gregorius Thaumaturgius Arnobius Flourish'd at that time as also Arnobius who writ against the Gentiles and against Porphyrius an Apostate to Christianity Jamblicus was his Disciple The Pagan Authors most remarkable Historians of this Age were Herodian who writ in Greek Eight Herodian Books of the Roman Emperors Dion Dion Cassian Cassian writ also in Greek in the time of Severus a Roman History comprising the space of 981 Years Julius Capitolinus Aelius Lampridius Flavius Vopiscus Spartianus Vulcatius Gallicanus who were almost all contemporary Authors of the Imperial History The Fourth Age. THe Persecution against the Christians Mercellinus Bishop of Rome still encreasing Marcellinus Bishop of Rome persevering in his Sufferings obtained a crown of Martyrdom From Ch 301. says Theodoret against what some had Writ that he fell into Idolatry as he confest in the Councel of Sinuessa before 300 Bishops there present but there is little likelihood that in the time of so terrible a Persecution when the poor Christians hid themselves that so many Bishops could be assembled From Christ 304. By the resigning of Dioclesian and of Dioclesian and Maximian resign the Empire Constantius Chlorus Maximinian Galerus Severus and Maximin Emperor Maximinian Hercules the Empire remained in the power of Maximinian Galerus Armentarius and Constantius Chlorus who divided it in that manner that Maximinian had the Provinces of the East and Chlorus those of the West Maximinian Galerus adopted his two Nephews Caesars Severus and Maximin at the very same time that Maxentius the supposed Son of Maximinian Hercules made himself Master of Rome and there stood for Emperor so that when Severus came to Besige it he found him so very strong that he was forc'd to raise his Siege retreating to Ravenna where Maxentius Besieged him From Ch. 306. These disorders caused Maximinian Hercules to write to Diocletian to persuade him to reassume the command of the Empire but Dioclesian answered him like a Philosopher and remained in his retired way of Life yet Maximinian left his Retirement and having reassumed the Marks and Title of Emperor came to the Siege of Ravenna and under pretence of a Treaty of Peace to bring Severus out of the City and having him in his power he caused him to be Strangled but as he intreagued Severus strangled with the Soldiers to bring them over to Maxentius they detesting his base proceedings
he had supported Athanasius Bishops of Rome In the place of Liberius they put the Deacon Faelix upon Condition he should favour the Arrians He was ordained by three of their Bishops The Persecution against the Orthodox Divines was so severe that Hosius and Liberius Hosius Liberius were forc'd to yield by the Cruelties they suffered in their Exile and signed to the Arrian Confessions framed in the Councils held at Sirmium in Pannonia by the Arrian Bishops By this means Liberius got leave to return Liberius re-establishâ— to his Church yet he could not be establish'd there but with great Violence and Faelix opposed him in the same manner There were many Persons killed on both sides and even Faelix himself according Faelix deposed to some Writers yet others say that he surviv'd his being deposed The Confusion was very great in the Church by the infinite Number of Confessions of Faith which were made in divers places of which the most part of them were Arrians To redress these Disorders two Councils were assembled one in the East at Seleucia the other in the West at Rimini The Council of Seleucia and of Rimini But in both Councils the Arrian Bishops being far more numerous than the Orthodox the latter being overpower'd the Arrians prevail'd So that the Mischief was thereby so much increased that as St. Jerome testifies the whole World was astonish'd to find themselves Arrians and sigh'd for it From Christ 359. However the Council of Selucia did one good Act in re-establishing St. Hillarius St. Hillarius Bishop of Poitiers A Council at Constantinople Ulufilus Bishop of the Goths Bishop of Poitiers in his Diocess from whence he had been banish'd for being Orthodox A third Council that Constance assembled at Constantinople added to all those general Ills this one in particular that Ulufilus Bishop of the Goths was there infected with the Contagion of Arrianism and afterwards all that Nation by his Example While that Council was held Constance ordered to be brought to Constantinople in very great Pomp the Bodies of St. Andrew the Apostle St. Luke the Evangelist and Timothy St. Paul's Disciple upon a Revelation he reported to have had of the place of their Burial Julius Constantius Brother to the Father of Great Constantine had left two Sons viz. Gallus Caesar whom Constance as has been mentioned had put to Death and Julian who having also been created Caesar Julian Caesar by his Cousin Constance and made Governor of Gaul behaved himself so well in that Charge and with so much Glory that having driven out many times the Barbarians who made Incursions into that Province the Army which he commanded ravish'd with his great Proâ—laimed Emperor Courage and Conduct proclaim'd him Emperor Augustus which he accepted tho' he had been expresly forbid by Constance to assume that Title Constance had employ'd himself three Years in a War against the Persians over whom he had got so great Advantages that they freely offered Proposals of Peace To which he agreed desiring to be freed of that Business in order to compose those of more Consequence in Gaul But in his way thither he was stopt at Antioch by a most desperate Fit of Sickness which made him to be baptized which he neglected to do according to the Custom practis'd at that time by great Persons especially by Princes This Sacrament was administred to him by Euzoius Bishop of Antioch an inveterate Euzoius an Arrian Arrian whom those of that Sect had plac'd in that See in opposition to Melecius whom Melecius Orthodox they had first of all seated there believing he would have favoured them in which they were mistaken for Melecius was Orthodox From Christ 361. Constance being somewhat recovered in his Health pursued his Journey but went not very far for he was again stopt by his Sickness at a little Town in Cilicia where Constance his Death he died aged Forty five Years having reigned Twenty four A little while after Julian coming to Julian the Apostate Emperor Constantinople was there received Emperor without any difficulty This was that Julian Sur-named The Apostate because he turn'd Pagan after he had been brought up in the Christian Religion During the first two Years of his Reign he endeavoured to ruine Christianity by all the Ways he could invent He was kill'd in a Battle against the Persians by a His Death Blow from Heaven as some write or as others will have it by an ordinary Accident of War However it may be said of him and of his Predecessor that both being endowed with excellent Parts 't was great pity that one should be seduced by the Arrians and the other by the Idolaters After the Death of Julian the Army Joâ—ian Emperor gave the Title of Emperor to Jovian or Jovinian one of their principal Officers who had all the good Qualities yet none of those ill ones of his two Predecessors So there was great hopes of a prosperous Reign had he ruled longer than eight Months at the end of which he died From His Death Christ 364. After his Death the Army set up in his place Valentinian who immediately chose Valentinian and Valens Emperors his Brother Valens to be his Colleague These two Emperors sharing the Management of their Affairs Valentinian passed into the West against the Germans who had revolted Valens stayed in the East to oppose Procopus a Prince of the House of Constantine who had took the Title of Emperor A Battle was fought between them near Nice where Procopus was overcome Procopus overcome and killed took Prisoner and was afterwards beheaded From Christ 365. Liberius Bishop of Rome being dead Bishopâ— of Rome there arose a Schism which was reckon'd to be the second of that Church between Damasus a Spaniard and Urcin or Urcisin a Roman each being elected by two different Factions of the Clergy and People Which was carried on with so much Violence and Animosity that 130 Men were killed in a bloody Dispute between the two Parties in the very Church where they were assembled for that Election From Christ 367. Of the two Emperors Valens was an Valens an Arrian Arrian and persecuted the Orthodox His Brother Valentinian being Orthodox made Valentinian Orthodox it his Business to procure the Peace and Prosperity of the Western Church He was fortunate in the War against many of the barbarous Nations who invaded Germany particularly against the Quades he reduc'd them to beg Peace by their Embassadors Valentinian being extreamly offended at the wretched Mien and miserable Equipage of those Embassadors put himself into so violent a Passion and exclaimed against his own and the Empire 's Misfortune to be concerned with such beggarly Enemies that he broke a Vein in his Breast of which he died losing His Death much Blood He was fifty Years old and had reigned twelve Years From Christ 375. This News being brought to
Treves where Gratian his eldest Son then was this young Prince was saluted Emperor Augustus Titles his Father had bestowed on him in his Life-time The Army in Pannonia where the Father Gratian and Valentinian II. Emperors died gave the like Title to the second Son the young Valentinian His eldest Brother Gratian at first was displeased at it but at length he approved of it as well as Valens Uncle to these two Princes The Goths had possess'd themselves of those Countries bordering on Tanais The Huns who came out of Scythia as the others drove them out and forc'd them to make their Abode elsewhere So soon as they were entred into Thrace for that purpose Valens went against them to drive them out but he was overcome by them The Death of Valens in a Battle and being pursued was burnt in a Peasant's Cottage where he was retired From Christ 378. By his Death Gratian finding himself oppress'd with the Weight of Affairs discharg'd himself of half of it by associating Theodosius to the Empire He was Son Theodo 〈…〉 â—ssocâ—ated to the Empire to another Theodosius a Person of high Merit who had rendred considerable Services to the Empire under Valentinian and Valens The Son inheriting the good Qualities of his Father in a short time made himself famous by expelling the Goths from Thrace which they had miserably ravaged after their Victory over Valens From Christ 379. Macedonius Bishop of Constantinople denied Macedonius an Enemy to the Holy Ghost The first Council at Constantinople the Divinity of the Holy Ghost Theodosius a very Orthodox Prince caused a Council to be assembled at Constantinople where the Fathers condemned this Heresie and deposed Macedonius in the place of whom was put Nectarius a Person most worthy of that Dignity In that Council they declared That the Bishop of the second Rome should from that time be the next in Rank to the Bishop of the first and so by Consequence to take place of those of Alexandria and Antioch Maximus Governour of Great Britain The Revolt of Maximus had caused himself there to be proclaimed by the Army then past over into Gaul made himself Master of that Province surprized defeated and killed Gratian The Death of Gratian who had many excellent Qualities and no ill ones Conen Meriadec a British Prince had past Conen Meriadec a British King over the Sea with Maximus and setling himself with the Troops of his own Nation in the Maritime part of Gaul which was afterwards called Little Brittany where he erected a Monarchy almost for twelve Ages From Christ 383. The Death of Damasus Bishop of Rome Bishops of Rome which hapned in that Year did not put an end to the Schism of that Church For tho' Syricius was there chose in the place of Damasius Ursicinus still pretended that his Election was good From Christ 384. Maximus being Master of the Isle of Britain of Gaul and of Spain entred Italy with so great an Army that Valentinian not being in a Condition to make Head against him fled with his Mother Justina to Thessalonica where Theodosius then lay Maximus having likewise reduc'd Italy advanc'd towards Aquilia where he stay'd resolving to wait for Theodosius who was marching towards him to fight him Theodosius being arrived with his Army they fought in two Days two bloody Battles In the last of which Maximus was wholly routed and taken Prisoner Theodosius was willing to save his Life but the Soldiers judging him unworthy of that Favour killed him against the Emperor's Pleasure So that Valentinian was re-establish'd in Maximus overcome and killed the Western Empire which he peaceably enjoyed four Years at the end of which Arbogastus a Gaul one of his principal Commanders discontented because he had taken away some of his Commands caused him to be stifled in his Bed by the The Death of Valentinian II. Grooms of his Bed-Chamber whom he had corrupted to do it This Prince was but Twenty six Years old His Mother Justina being an Arrian had infected him with that Heresie but he renounced it after her Death Arbogastus had that great Power in the Army that he prevailed with the Soldiers Eugenus Tyrant with Arbogastus to proclaim Eugenius Emperor a Man of mean Extraction whom Fortune had raised to great Commands This was the Cause of another Civil War Theodosius spent two Years in making Preparations for it And all that time the Tyrants reigned in the West At length Theodosius march'd against them the Armies met and fought near to Aquilia The Tyrants being defeated Arbogastus killed himself Eugenius being Arbogastus and Eugeneus killed taken Prisoner suffered Death by the Executioner Theodosius did not long enjoy the Fruits of that great Victory which made him sole Master of the Empire He had been for some time troubled with a Dropsie his Disease increasing at Millan where he came after the Defeat of the Tyrants he fell extreamly ill and died in that City at Theodosius ' s Death the Age of Fifty having reigned sixteen Years There was but two things to be blamed in him That he made Laws to deprive Hereticks of their Estates and Liberties unless they would renounce their Errors The other was The Murthering of a great Number of Thessalonians to punish their Insolence who resisted his Power by a Sedition Being reprehended by St. Ambrose for that Cruelty he express'd so great a Repentance for it that his Contrition joyned with his other excellent Vertues may serve for a Pattern to all Christian Princes By his last Will and Testament he divided the Empire between his two Sons Arcadius and Honorius and accordingly Arcadius and Honorius Emperors the eldest took possession of the East the other of the West They were both disturb'd at first with the Revolt of Rufinus a Prefect of the Praetorian Bands who brought an Army of Barbarians into Thrace and of Gildon who plaid the Usurper in Africk but these Disorders were presently quelled by the death of the Traytors Theodosius held the first Oecumenical Council at Constantinople In his time lived St. Austin St Jerome and Claudian the Poet. Syricius Bishop of Rome died after he Bâ—shops of Rome had the Happiness to see the end of thaâ— Schism which the Election of Ursicinuâ— had caused in that Church Syricius was the first who declared against the Marriage of the Clergy From Christ 398. The last Year of this Age saw the rise The Revolt of Gainas and fall of the Revolter Gaianus who was by extraction a Barbarian His great Conduct and Experience in the trade of War had raised him to be General of Honorius his Army the services he had done for him made him pretend to have a Church in Constantinople for those of the Arriaâ— Sect of which he was a favourer which the Emperor refusing by the persuasion of St. John Chrisostom Bishop of Constantinople The disdain to be refused provok'd Caianus to Ravage
Childebert and the Successors to Thierry were extinct in Theobald who died without Issue so that Childebert also leaving no Children all the French Monarchy devolved to Clotaire the only remaining Son of Clouis From Christ 560. He enjoyed this Soveraign power but two Years after his death his four Sons French Kings divided again the Monarchy Childebert was King of Paris Gontran of Orleans Chilperic of Soissons and Sigebert of Mets or Austratia From Christ 562. The Great Captain Bellisarius died in The Death of Bellisarius disgrace with his Prince and by that means fell into so great Poverty that History observes it as a very extraordinary Example of the instability of humane Affairs though there are some Writers who not only doubt of what has been remark'd of him but say on the contrary that he died in the greatest height of Glory and Riches cherish'd by Justinian as he deserved for the great services he had rendered to the Emperor and Empire Others say it was John the Exconsul who carried on the Wars in Africa after Belisarius who was depriv'd of all his Dignities and reduc'd to Beggary by Justinian Justinian died he had done things worthy The Death of Justinian of Eternal Memory but he eclipsed the Glory of them having showed himself too Passionate in Business of very little importance concerning Religion yet by his Obstinacy he disturbed the Peace of the Church and was at last infected with Eutychian Errors From Christ 565. Justin the second of that Name Son Justin the II. his Successor to the Sister of Justinian succeeded him in the Empire A vicious Prince and very cruel to one Justin his near Kinsman whom he put to death out of Envy sugjested against him because of the Reputation he acquired by his excellent Qualities He was ungrateful to Narses whom he treated ignominously after the great Services this brave Eunuch had rendered to The History of Marses The Lombards in Italy the Empire which occasioned considerable Disorders for Narses incenst by his ill usage called the Lombards into Italy Neither Beâ—isarius nor Narses are to be thought to have been Eunuchs according to the common Acceptation of the Word but rather Lord Chamberlains to the Emperor Eunuchs being one who looks afther the Chambers of a Prince These People originally from Scythia had planted themselves in the Northern part of Germany from whence invited by Narses they were brought into Italy by Albovin or Alboinus their King who easily became Masters of Friouli having taken Aquileia and afterwards Pavia and Millan with all that part of Italy which from the Name of this People is still called Lombardy In the mean time Narses being dead the Emperor sent Longinus into Italy with the Title of Exarke he and his Successors The Exarkâ—â—e of Ravenna Bishop of Rome in that Command made their usual residence at Revenna a Neighbouring City to the Lombards with design to oppose them John the Third Bishop of Rome and Successor to Pelagius died From Christ 572. Albouin King of the Lombards having Albouin King of the Lombards at a great Feast made his Wife Rosamunda drink out of a Cup made of the Scull of her Father this cruelty so incensed her that she caused her Husband to be kill'd From Christ 574. The Lombards put in his place Clophis or Clephes who died within a Year the People The Duke of Lombardy being wearied with the Kingly Government chose Thirty Dukes to whom the Administration of the Kingdom was committed From Christ 575. Bishop of Rome Benedict or Bonosus Successor to John the Third died From Christ 577. Justin by his Debaucherys fell into a Justin the second 's Death Tiberius the second Emperor great weakness of Body and Mind and at length died Tiberius who had Governed during the infirmity of Justin succeeded him at his Death with a general applause as his great Qualities deserv'd being reproved by his Wife for being too liberal to the Poor he reply'd God would repay him and soon after found a vast Treasure which had been hid by Narses the Eunuch In the four Years of his Reign the Exarks maintained a War in Italy against the Lombards while Mauritius the Lieutenant of Tiberius made War against the Persians with great Glory and Advantage so that this brave chief not only obtain'd the Honour of a Triumph but also to marry the Daughter of his Master and to be His Death Mauritius his Successor design'd his Successor in the Empire at length Tiberius being dead Mauritius took his place with the applause of the Senate and People From Christ 583. Lenigildus King of the Wisigoths submitted Kings of the Wisigoths in Spain himself with all that the Sweveâ— were possest of viz. Lusitania and some other parts more Northern of that Country where six or Seven Swevish Kingâ— The end of the Swevish Kings in Spain had Reigned successively for the space of a Hundred and Seventy Years The Lombards took away the Government Kings of the Lombards of their States from their Thirty Dukes and re-establish'd their Monarchy by setting Antaris rather Autharus on the Throne the Son of Cleophis or Clephes who had been their King Under this Antaris or Autarus his Subjects who till that time were Idolaters They become Christians embrac'd Christianity But by great misfortune they who Catechized them being Arrians infected them with their Errors On the contrary the Wisigoths in Spain of Arrians became Catholicks with their King Ricaredus the Son and Successor to Lewigildus Hermenigildus the Eldest had before made profession of the Catholick Faith by the perswasion of his Wife a French Princess which caused a great difference between this Prince and his Father who was extreamly bigotted to Arrianism so that at last they came to an open War wherein Hermenigildus being taken Prisoner his Father caused him to be beheaded Pelagius the second Bishop of Rome Bishop of Rome Successor to Benedict died of the Plague which desolated Italy From Christ 598. Antaris or Autharus King of the Lombards Kings of the Lombards being dead they gave to Theodolinda his Queen Dowager the power to name a Successor for her Bed and for the Throne She chose Aigulphus to whom as well as to all the Kingdom she procured the greatest Happiness perswading them to become Catholicks In the six Become Catholicks Years that followed this Conversion Aigulphus or Egilolphus enlarged his Kingdom by the conquest of Perousia Spoletta Beneventum and Cortona Of the four Sons of Clotaire Charibert Kings of the French King of Paris dying without issue Male Sigibert King of Metz and Chilperic King of Soissons quarrelled about the Succession Sigibert having overcome Chilperick in Battle took Paris but he was killed soon after by the Intriegues of Fredegonda whom Chilperic had espouzed in the place of Audery his lawful Wife so Chilpric became Master of Paris yet but for a
returned and there committed horrible Excesses at last he was kill'd taken in the Act with a Marryed Woman the Romans having also expel'd Pope Leo plac'd Bennet the Fifth in the Chair Otho who was gone back into Germany returns upon his occasion Re-establish'd Leo and carryed Bennet into Germany Leo being dead John the Thirteenth was made Pope and confirm'd by Otho the Romans offended that the Pope waited to be Confirmed put him in Prison but Otho punish'd them very severely for their Insolence and Re-establish'd John in the Papal See Otho the First died having acquired the Title of Great by his mighty Deeds His Son Otho the Second succeeded him From Christ 973. In the remaining space of time Rome had these following Popes After the Death of John the Thirteenth Domnus three Months after Bennet the Sixth a Popes year after Boniface the Seventh he was Deposed by a Council and fled to Constantinople From Christ 975. Bennet the Seventh Son of Alberic Count of Tusculum was plac'd in the Chair with the consent of Otho John Zimiscus Emperor of Constantinople had great Success in the War against Basilius and Constantin Emperors of the East the Saracens After his Death were plac'd on the Throne the two Sons of Romanus Basilius and Constantin From Christ 977. Otho the Second Emperor and King of The Death of Otho the Second Kings of France Germany dyed From Christ 982. Lewis the Fifth Son of Lothaire succeeded his Father in the Kingdom of France Lewis had justly the Surname of the Idle Prince he Reigned but Sixteen Months Lewis the Fifth deposed and was Deposed by the States General convened at Noyon who plac'd on the Throne Hughes surnamed Capet the Son Hugh Capet King of France of Hughes Count of Paris contrary to the Rights and Pretensions of Charles Duke of Lorrain Brother to their Deceas'd King Lothaire The French refusing Charles because Charles Duke of Lorrain excluded he had acknowledged the Soveraignty of the Emperor Otho by paying him him Homage for Lorrain From Christ 987. Charles used his utmost Endeavours against Hughes but all to no purpose and most unhappily in the end For being Died in Prison Popes betrayed by Ancelin Bishop of Laon he fell into the Hands of Hughes who shut him up in a Tower at Orleans where he died at three Years end He left two Sons Otho and Lewis the first died in Lorrain without Issue and History makes no mention of the other but only of his Name From Christ 994. To Pope John the Sixteenth succeeded Otho III. Emperor John the Seventeenth Otho the Third Emperor and King of Germany Son and Successor to Otho the the Second came into Italy and deposed Pope John the Seventeenth by reason Popes of his wicked debauched Life and put Bruno in his place who was of the House of Saxe and Kinsman to the Emperor This Pope took the Name of Gregory the Fifth The Romans expelled him the See so soon as Otho was returned into Germany but the Emperor coming back to Rome Popes re-establish'd Gregory and deposed John the new Pope who was in the place of Gregory From Christ 998. The latter being dead Otho ordered Gebert for his Successor who had been Tutor to this Emperor and also to Robert Son to Hugh Capet King of France From Christ 999. Boleslaus Duke of the Polanders received Poland made a Kingdom the Title of King from the Emperor Otho From Christ 1000. The Eleventh Age. STEPHEN Duke of Hungary had King of Hungary the same Title of King but held it from the Pope From Christ 1001. Otho the Third died in Italy as it was thought by Poyson Henry called Le Boiteux Duke of Bavaria was elected Emperor by the German Hâ—nry II. Emperor Princes From Christ 1002. Silvester the Second died with the Reputation Popes of a Magician by reason of his profound Learning John the Eighteenth his Successor deprived the People of Rome of the Power they had to give their Voices for the Election of Popes From Christ 1003. John the Nineteenth his Successor excommunicated Robert King of France excommunicated Robert King of France because he had married one of his Kinswomen of the Fourth Degree This strange Thing came from the exceeding great Superstition of those Times that the King 's own Subjects and even Domestick Servants durst not approach his Person by reason of the Excommunication So that he was forced to go to Rome in order to be absolved by the Pope From Christ 1006. There is another Example of the prevailing The Force of Superstition Power of Superstition in those Times of Darkness Guy Viscount of Limoge having imprison'd a Bishop his Subject was obliged to go to Rome to answer the Matter of Fact He was there condemned to be drawn by two wild Horses and the Sentence had been executed but that the Bishop his Adversary had generously saved him The Christians had driven out the Saracens from Castile The Princes of that Castile a Kingdom Country had only the Title of Counts but Sanches who was King of Navarre took the Title of King of Castile by marrying the Heiress Their Son Ferdinand joyned to it the Kingdom of Leon having married the Heiress of that County John the Nineteenth being dead had Popes to succeed him Bennet the Eighth who ordained That none from that Time Emperors confirmed by the Pope should assume the Title of Emperor but with the Consent of the Pope So Henry of Bavaria in Submission to that Decree came to Rome to be Crowned by the Hands of that Pope From Christ 1014. This Emperor Henry died he had the Surname of Boisteux because he was lame and of Chaste having lived with his Wife Cunigundo without Carnal Knowledge by an Agreement between them The Princes of Germany elected in his Conrad II. Emperor place Conrad the Second Duke of Franconia From Christ 1024. The Polanders took Cazimir out of the Cazimir a Monk of Cluny King of Poland Monastry of Cluny where he had made himself a Monk and had taken the Order of Deacon they made him their King by reason there was no other Prince living of the Blood Royal. To Bennet the Eighth succeeded John Popes the Twentieth who Crowned the Emperor Conrad coming to Rome for that purpose From Christ 1027. Constantine Reigned sole Emperor of the East by the Death of his Brother Basilius which hapned some Years before Constantine dying this Year in his place Romanus Romanus the Third Emperor of the East Argyrophilus his Son-in-Law succeeded him in the Empire From Christ. 1029. Robert King of France a wise and brave Kings of France Prince died He had re-united to the Crown the Dutchy of Burgundy which returned to him by the Death of his Uncle Henry the County of Burgundy remaining to Otho William Son to the Wife of Henry by another Husband Nephew to Berenger
the Empire among A Schism in the Empire themselves one part for King Lewis Duke of Bavaria the other for Frederick Duke of Austria Son to the Emperor Albert. The Pope declared himself against Lewis who opposing the Pope favoured the Cordeliers whom the Pope persecuted He writ against them and they against him particularly William Okam an Englishman and very learned and of that Order protected by the Emperor Lewis From Christ 1322. In France a Posthumus Son of Lewis named Kings of France John having not lived above six Weeks Philip the Fifth called Le Long Brother to Lewis succeeded him against the Designs of some who would have maintained the pretended Right of Jean Daughter to the deceased King by the same Right of the Salick Law Charles the Fourth called Le Bel succeeded his Brother Philip and to Charles Philip the Sixth called of Valois Cousin German to the three last Kings maugre the Pretensions of Edward the Third King of England who said he had more Right because he was Son to Izabella Daughter to Philip le Bel. The Emperor had set up an Anti-pope Anti-pope a Cordelier under the Name of Nicholas the Fifth in opposition to Pope John But the Popes unfortunate Nicholas being fallen into the Hands of John was shut up in a Prison where he died miserably Not very long after Pope John being dead they put in his place Bennet the Twelfth a Gascoign From Christ 1334. At Constantinople Michael Paleologus had Emperors of Constantinople for his Successor his Son Andronicus and to this a Grandson of the same Name Who dying left his Sons very young under the Tuition of John Cantacusenes This John behaved himself so well in his Trust and with so great Authority that he acquired the Title of Emperor From Christ 1338. To Bennet the Twelfth succeeded Clement Popes the Sixth of Lymousin From Christ 1342. The War which lasted for some time between the English and the French proved fatal to the latter in this Year King Philip having lost the Battle near Cressy in Picardy The Battle of Cressy against King Edward who took Calais after a Year's Siege From Christ 1346. Lewis of Bavaria was called Emperor for some time part of the Princes of Germany did not acknowledge him He being dead they all at last unanimously Charles the Fourth Emperor agreed in the Election of Charles the Fourth of the House of Luxemburg King of Bohomia From Christ 1347. A dreadful Plague broke out in Cathaia A great Plague and spread it self in Persia Mesopotamia Syria and in Asia Minor Europe was infested with it even to the most Western parts and caused very strange Desolations through all places Clement the Sixth died He reduc'd the Popes Jubilee of a Hundred to Fifty Years Innocent the Sixth his Countryman succeeded him Christ From 1352. The People of Constantinople compelled Emperors of the East John Cantacusenes to resign the Empire to John Paleologus Son to Andronicus the Second From Christ 1354. John King of France who succeeded his The Battle of Poitiers Father Philip lost the Battle at Poitiers and there became Prisoner to Edward Prince of Wales Son to Edward King of England From Christ 1556. Charles Son to King John governed the Kingdom with great Prudence during his Father's Imprisonment Then followed Affairâ— betweâ—n France England the Treaty of Brittany in consequence of which King John returned to France upon his Parole but having not that Interest to oblige the Nobility of his Kingdom to consent to the Demands of the English he went over into England according to his Parole and most suitable to that just â—e â—rue Maxim foâ— Franceâ— Maxim he often repeated That if Truth and Faith were banish'd from the Dwellings of the rest of Mankind yet they ought to be found in the Hearts and Tongues of Princes He died in England He had instituted or re-establish'd the Order of the Star much about the Time The Order of the Stâ—â— and â—â—e Garter that King Edward instituted that of the Garter John left four Sons Charles the Fifth called the Wise was his Successor He was the first who had the Title of Dauphine The first Dauphine of France according to the Treaty made with Humbert Dauphine of Vienna by which he resigned up his Dominions to King John The other Sons of this King were Lewis The Second House of Anjou Duke of Anjou chief of the Second Royal House of that Name Philip called the Hardy Duke of Burgundy The Second House of Burgundy a Stock also of the Second Royal House of that Name and John Duke of Berry who left no Branch The Dutchy of Brittany had been disputed A Quarrel for the Dutchy of Brittany a long time between Charles of Blois who pretended to it by Jane his Wife Daughter of Guy Brother to Duke John the Third who died without Children and John Earl of Montford who boasted to have the most Right as he was the nearest Male. The Battle of Auray that Charles lost The Battle of Auray where he was killed upon the place decided the Difference in favour of John who entred into the full and quiet possession of the Dutchy and had the Surname of Conquerour and Victorious The French and the English had taken Parties in this long War the first for Charles near Kinsman to King Philip the Sixth and the second for John These two Nations were also concerned The Civil War in Castile in a Difference between Don Pedro called the Cruel and Don Henry his Bastard Brother about the Kingdom of Castile At last after various Successes on both sides the War was decided by a Battle where Don Pedro was defeated and killed by Don Henry So that this Henry being assisted by the French under the Command of the brave and famous Betrand of Guesclin Bertrand of Gueslin a Gentleman of Brittany remained King of Castile From Christ 1369. This great and fortunate Captain Bertrand had brought for this Expedition Troops of disbanded Soldiers who passing through the County forc'd Pope Urban Popes the Fifth to pay a Ransome Which made him resolve to return to Rome that he might not any more be exposed to the like Affronts but after he had made a Journey there he returned into France where he died From Christ 371. David Bruce King of the Scots dying Robert Stuart King of Scots without Children Robert Stuart is acknowledged King of the Scots in right of his Wife Sister to King David By the Council of St. Bridget of Swede and of St. Catherine of Sienna according to the Revelations they pretended from Heaven Gregory the Eleventh Successor to Urban the Fifth returned to Rome where The Pope returned to Rome after fourteen Months he died repenting to have believed those Revelations against the Light of his own Understanding From Christ 1377. The Cardinals compell'd by the Romans
Rome some few paces from the Breach The Pope being made a Prisoner in the The Pope made a Prisoner escap'd Castle of St. Angelo was kept there for six Months from whence he escap'd and was reconciled to the Emperor Who gave his Natural Daughter in Marriage to The Medices are Sovereigns of Florence Andrea Doria a Genouese the chief of the House of the Medices of which was the Pope So the Medices became Sovereigns of Tuscany Andrea Doria behaved himself better towards Genoa his Country For having abandoned the King of France's Service in which he had been a long time engaged offered himself to the Emperor upon Condition that the Liberty of his Country should be preserved From Christ 1530. The Peace made between the Emperor A Peace between the Emperor and the King The Siege of Vienna raised and the King of France forced Solyman to raise the Siege of Vienna The Separation of England from the Church of Rome occasioned by the Divorce of Henry the Eighth and his Queen Catherine of Arragon John Calvin was called to Geneva to John Calvin at Geneva make a Reformation of Religion From Christ 153â— The Emperor Charles the Fifth passed Charles V. in Barbary over into Barbary took Tunis and there re-establish'd Mulâ—y Hassan who had been deposed by the famous Corsair Barbarossa In his Return from that Expedition the Emperor lost a great part of his Ships and Galleys in a Storm He was also as unfortunate in an Enterprize He came tâ— Provence and retired with great loss of his Soldiers against France He came into Provence without acting any thing there he was constrained to retire with the loss of the greatest part of his vast Army A Peace being made he past through A Peace with France France in order to quell the Rebellion of Gaunt From Christ 1541. But having not perform'd what he promis'd A War broke out again to the King of France when he past through his Country the War broke out again between them From Christ 1543. Then followed the Battle of Cerisolles The Battle of Cerisolles won by the French under the Conduct of the Duke D'Anguien Francis of Bourbon over the Imperialists Then a Peace was concluded between A Peace the two Potentates each of them being at the Head of a powerful Army upon the Frontiers of the Low Countries From Christ 1545. Edward the Sixth succeeded his Father Kings of England Henry the Eighth King of England Francis King of France died also and his Kings of France Son Henry succeeded him To Clement the Seventh succeeded Paul Popes the Third who appointed a Council to assemble at Mantua then at Vicenza and at last at Trent without having effected The Council of Trent any considerable Bus'ness This Pope gave the Dutchy of Parma and Plaizance to Lodowick Farnese one of his Sons From Christ 1549. The Cardinal d' Monte under the Name of Julius the Third succeeded Paul the Third The Emperor had weakned the Protestant The Battle at the pass of the Elb. Princes of Germany by defeating their Army at the passage of the Elb. Then they had recourse to King Henry A War between the Emperor and the King Metz Toul and Verdun taken by the King who in his March to Germany seized on Metz Toul and Verdun The Emperor having afterwards besieged Metz was forc'd to raise the Siege by the wise and couragious Defence of the Duke of Guize From Christ 1553. The young King Edward of England being dead his Sister Mary was acknowledg'd The Siege of Metz raised Affairs of England Queen After that she beheaded her Cousin the Lady Jane Grey with her Husband the Lord Dudley From Christ 1554. The Emperor Charles resigned his Hereditary Of the Empire and of Spain Dominions to his Son Philip and Ferdinand King of the Romans younger Brother to Charles was acknowledg'd Emperor Julius the Third died and Twenty one Popes Days after his Successor Marcellus Paul the Fourth of the House of Caraffa in the Kingdom of Naples was chose Pope From Christ 1557. The War being inflamed between the The Battle of St. Quintin Kings of France and Spain Philip in Person won the Battle of St. Quintin of the French where the Constable and many other Lords of Quality were made Prisoners The Duke of Guize in some manner The taking of Calais repaired this Loss in taking of Calais upon which Mary Queen of England died with Grief She had succeeded her Brother Affairs of England Edward the Sixth and having married her near Kinsman Philip King of Spain she was engaged in this War From Christ 1558. Elizabeth Daughter to Henry the Eighth by Anne of Bullen succeeded her Sister Queen Mary A Peace was made between Henry and A Peace between France Spain Philip by the Marriage of Elizabeth with Philip and that of Margaret Sister to Henry with the Duke of Savoy In a Turnament held at Paris in Honour of these Nuptials the King Tilting against the Count of Montgomery was wounded in the Eye by a Splinter of the Count's Lance of which he died in a few Days He had put to Death a great Number of Hugonets among others he condemned Ann du Bourg a Counsellor of the Parliament The Death of Bourg of Paris and swore that he would see him executed but his unexpected Death prevented him Yet some Days after Du Bourg suffered Death with great Resolution in the Presence of the young King the Queen-Mother and all the Court. Paul the Fourth had for his Successor Popes Pius the Fourth of the House of the Medices or of the Medâ—quiâ—s of Milâ—aiâ— The Conspiracy of Amboise was then The Conspiracy of Amboise made against the Duke of Guize and the Cardinal of Lorrain to take away the King from their Custody by the Grandees of the Kingdom who professed the Reformed Religion pretending that those two Princes kept the King as Prisoner From Christ 1560. In an Assembly held at Fountainbleau it was there resolved to call a National Council to prevent which the Pope again declared for that of Trent begun by Paul the The Council of Trent Third continued by Julius the Third and broke off under both Popes In the mean time the States of France assembled Affairs of France at Orleans where the Prince of Conde was made Prisoner and had been put to Death but for the sudden Death of the young King Francis the Second Charles the Ninth his Brother being yet a Child succeeded him under the Tuition and Regency of his Mother Catherine de Medices From Christ 1561. The Conference held at Poissy between The Conference at Poissy the Doctors of both Religions had no good effect The Affairs of France being much embroil'd on the Account of Religion the Guizes being Masters of the King's Person the Queen-Mother writ to the Prince of Conde to come