the Commonwealth of England and hath exercised actual Hostility by commissionating Pyrates to spoil the ships and goods belonging thereto to these not the least violence or injury should be offered either in body or goods or if any should happen that upon complaint made redress and satisfaction should immediately be had Wherefore they desire all persons to abide in their habitations assuring them to enjoy what they had without disturbance No sooner was this penned but copies thereof were sent into Scotland and the Country-people that kept Market at Berwick had their pockets stuffed with them to carry home and disperse among their neighbours What good effects this course produced we shall see hereafter when the Army enters their borders The Lord General having used this expedient to undeceive the Scots and to procure their good opinion of him and his Army considered that all would not be convinced thereby the Sword not the Pen must perswade many of them wherefore he leaves York and hastes to Northallerton and thence the next day to Darnton As he pass'd by this place the Train of Artillery which was quartered here saluted him with seven Pieces of Ordnance Coming next to Newcastle the Governour Sir Arthur Haslerig received him with noble entertainment Here the Lord General and the Officers of his Army in a solemn manner implored a blessing from heaven upon their present Expedition After which upon due consideration of the affairs of the Army he setled a way for their supply from time to time with provisions This business being dispatched and the general Rendezvous appointed the Lord General leaves Newcastle and posts for Berwick His Forces being all come up he caused a general Rendezvous of them to be on Haggerston-Moor four miles from Berwiek July 20. 1650 the whole Army was drawn into the Field which was no sooner done but the General himself came among them being received with shouting and other signes of joy Having well view'd them he caused both Horse and Foot to be drawn up in Battalia Which being done there appeared a gallant Body of Horse consisting of 5415 bestrid by as many stout and couragious Riders eight complete Regiments of Foot consisting with their Officers of 10249 with the Train of Artillery which consisted of 690 so that the Army in the whole consisted of 16354. A sight most lovely and very desirable to see such an Army of men gallantly accoutred and provided with all necessaries who for approved valour are not to be equal'd commanded by a General whom no example ancient or modern can parallel for Courage and Conduct in a word he was honored in his Army and they happie in their General Being thus in Battalia the General marcheth them about an hundred paces towards Berwick and so dismisseth them to their quarters on the brink of Tweed where we shall leave them for the present expecting their further advance HIS WARS IN SCOTLAND OCcasion might here be taken to admire at the long continued separation that hath been betwixt England and Scotland that notwithstanding they are cohabitants of the same Island yet they should continue distinct Kingdoms for so many Ages together For whereas divers Kingdoms having inferious Dominions in them soon subjected them to their own Rule as in Spain where many Kingdoms are concorporated into one and in our own Nation where the Saxon Heptarchy was long since reduced into a Monarchy yet England and Scotland could never be united under one Head till the Crown of England devolved upon King James Many attempts have been made by several English Kings to reduce Scotland to their obedience Edward the second a King whose greatest honour was to be the son of an Heroick father and father to an incomparable son unfortunately fought the Battel at Bannocks in Scotland where as Holinshed relates was lost Gilbert de Clare Earl of Gloucester 40 Barons 700 Knights and Gentlemen and about 40000 others This defeat was great even the greatest that ever the English received at one time from that Nation But in hopes to wipe away this blur and to salve up this wound the King raised two great Armies for that purpose but with no better success for the first of his Armies was lost for want of courage to fight the last for want of food was forced to retire and in their retreat lost all their Ammunition But what else could be expected from a pusillanimous King who was observed in the former Battel to be the first that fled for it could not be expected that the Souldiers should stand they being bound to follow their leader To reckon up all the Rencoùnters that have happened betwixt the two Nations would be too tedious and stretch this discourse beyond its intended length Yet I shall wade a little in these plashes before I plunge into the Ocean of Cromwels Conquests Henry the seventh a wise and valiant Prince was much disturbed by those two Impostors Perkin Warbeck and Lambert Simnel Warbeck's quarrel was espoused by the Scots but to little purpose for a Peace was soon concluded betwixt the two Kings on condition that Warbeck should be sent packing and that James the fourth the Scots King should marry the Lady Margret King Henry's daughter Great debate was in the Council about this Match some were against it alleadging that in case the Kings issue should fail England would become subject to Scotland But to this the King wisely returned That the weaker must ever bow to the stronger and England being the stronger Scotland must submit This was but discourse for it could not be then imagined the King having two hopeful sons Arthur and Henry that the Lady Margret should be the Royal Stem from whence should spring those Noble branches which were to over-spread both Nations as it afterwards came to pass in King James But notwithstanding the Alliance made by the said Marriage in the days of King Henry the eighth while he was busied with his Wars in France the Scots invade England and were encountred by the Earl of Surrey at Flodden Field where the success remained doubtful a great while but at last the Victory fell to the English who that day slew the Scots King the Bishop of St. Andrews 12 Earls 14 Barons and 12000 Gentlemen and common Souldiers onely with the loss of 1500. at so easie a rate was this great Victory purchased By this and several other Blows King Henry got many of the Scotish Nobility into his custody And considering how their frequent incursions did impede and frustrate his designes abroad he thought it expedient to use a means to beget amity betwixt the Nations to which end he propounded a Match betwixt his son Edward and Mary the young Princess of Scotland This motion found so good acceptance at first that it was concluded upon and ratified by Act of Parliament with a special Instrument under the hands of the Scotish Nobility who by this means having gotten their liberty from restraint soon after quit themselves of their
against a most obstinately-desperate bloudy enemy people that had put themselves out of all hopes of favour or mercy by acting the most bloudy Tragedie that ever hath been seen or related in that their universal Massacre of the English yet recent in memory There remained now onely Limerick Waterford and some few inconsiderable Garisons to be reduced which being done they might finde leasure to hunt the wilde Irish who were fled for refuge among their Boggs This was left to the charge of Ireton whom the Lord Governour having constituted Lord Deputy he takes leave of Ireland and committing himself to the Sea arrived safely after a boisterous passage at Bristol where he was received with a thrice-repeated Volley of great Guns and other suitable demonstrations of joy Hence without tarrying he posts for London drawing neer Hounslow-Heath he is there met by the Lord General Fairfax accompanied by many Members of Parliament and Officers of the Army with multitudes that came out of curiosity to see him of whom Fame had made such a loud report Hence after mutual salutations congratulations and other testimonies of high respect he proceeds on and passing neer Hide-park-corner he is saluted with great Guns and several Volleys of small Shot by Colonel Barkstead's Regiment which was drawn up in the High-way for that purpose Continuing thus their march multitudes increasing to behold him the Lord Cromwel is conducted to the house called the Cock-pit neer St. James which had been appointed and prepared for him Here he was visited by the Lord Maior and Aldermen of London and by many other persons of quality all of them expressing their own and the Nations great obligations to him for his great Services in Ireland After some time of respite and refreshment he attended his charge in Parliament where the Speaker in an elegant Speech gave him the thanks of the House Which being ended the Lord Cromwel gave them an account of the present state of Ireland and of the condition of their Forces both in Field and Garison with what designes they were now upon what strength the Enemy had and what Garisons were then in their power The Parliament being thus assured of the hopeful condition of Ireland began now wisely to provide for the security of the peace of England which was now in danger of disturbance partly by open Hostility and partly by the under-hand dealing of some pretended friends Portugal protects Prince Rupert's Fleet notwithstanding the League France domineers at Sea making prize of all the English they could bring under their power About this time the Parliament sends Dr. Dorislaus as an Agent to the States of the United Provinces for the begetting and continuance of a right understanding and fair correspondence betwixt the two Republicks where not long after his arrival he was basely slain by six Assassinates who rushed into his lodgings at the Hague in disguise and escaped unpunished although the States pretended they had used their utmost endeavour to take them In Russia the English Merchants were much affronted by that Duke by reason of his adherence to the House of Stuarts Virginia and the Caribes Islands revolted from their obedience to the Parliament being very hot for Monarchy and the Liturgie Nearer home Scilly Jersey and the Isle of Man stand out and miserably infest the Seas with their Piracie But above all the Scots were the most formidable who seemed to set their wits on the tenters that so they might embroyl England in new troubles and thereby have opportunity to work their ends upon it To this end a Treaty is commenced betwixt them and their King at Breda a famous Town in the Netherlands belonging to the Prince of Orange Here they propose 1. That his Majestie recal and disclaim all Commissions and Declarations granted by him to the prejudice of the Covenant 2. That he acknowledge their present Parliament and the two last Sessions thereof and allow of the Acts made therein 3. They remonstrate the Motives contained in the eleventh Instruction meaning Vxbridge-Treaty 4. That as soon as he comes into Scotland and before his admission to the exercise of Royal power he shall swear subscribe and seal the National Covenant and the Solemn League and Covenant Their King having assented and promised in verbo Principis to perform these things the Commissioners had order to let him see the Coronation-Oath he was to take which he approving they were to invite him into Scotland assuring him that he should be entertained there with all due respect To all which things the King at last condescended partly by the perswasion of the Prince of Orange at whose cost and charges the Treaty was both begun and continued and partly upon hopes that by this means he might gain the easier footing in England The Scots being now impatient of the enjoyment of their King presence he in order to their satisfaction herein hastes from Breda towards the Hague and from thence to Scheveling where he took shipping and not long after landed notwithstanding several snares laid for him at the Spey in the North of Scotland The Parliament in England were not ignorant of these things they having faithful Scouts abroad in the world who failed not to give them timely notice of the machinations of their enemies in all quarters And taking the matter into consideration in the House a great debate there was VVhether the war for that there must be a war betwixt us and our dear Brethren was taken for granted should be Offensive or Defensive As to the later the Defensive part they were very sensible of the havock the Scots had formerly made in the North of England when they came in as friends so that should they be suffered to come in as enemies nothing could be expected to follow but ruine and desolation wheresoever they came Hamilton's Invasion likewise stuck in their stomacks and the devastations that accompanied it Besides it was considered that to let them give the first blow had been to make our own Country the seat of war and thereby an opportunity would be given to discontented spirits here which then were not a few to joyn with the enemy Upon these and other weighty considerations the Parliament resolves upon an Offensive war and to alarm them in their own Quarters This Resolution was thought most advantageous in many respects as 1. Scotland the Enemies Country must needs be much impoverished by being burdened with two Armies when it could not well maintain one and England would be quit of much fear and calamity incident to quartering of Armies Besides in all encounters it is good policie to keep an adversary at the arms end 2. By invading Scotland the Souldiery would be much encouraged in respect of the benefit might accrue to them by the spoils of their enemies Hereby also the Territories of this Commonwealth were likely to be enlarged 3. The Scots Levies were not yet finished nor their Army completed so that a sudden march might nip them
in the bud and prevent their further increase 4. It was necessary to have a special regard to and warchful eye upon Scotland because by reason of its contiguity no Enemy could be so obnoxious to England as it and how ready they have been to lay hold on all opportunities to disturb the peace of England frequent examples testifie both of former and later times And unless that back-door were pin'd up as great mischiefs were like to be let in thereby now as ever In order therefore to their former Resolutions the Parliament provide for a war they order the Army to march Northwards to sit upon the skirts of the Scots But Sir Tho. Fairfax their General at that time being it seems not satisfied in the thing as many others likewise were not desired to be excused and laid down his Commission VVhich action of his bred consternation in most and several descants were given thereupon the Plebeian rout whose tribunal nothing of moment can pass judged the reason to be that he durst not venture to abide the gust of those Northern blasts But wise men know how much vulgar bruits are to be heeded and that notwithstanding what was said then or can be said now the trumpet of his fame shall not be put to silence nor shall Time it self be able to wipe his name into oblivion The Parliament being thus disappointed are to seek for a General to command their Army but for that they need not go far since they had then amongst them the most renowned Cromwel of whose prowess and faithfulness they had had manifold experience and who upon their request did accept of the Charge upon which they give him a Commission thereby impowering him to command all the Forces raised and to be raised in the Commonwealth of England annulling all Commissions formerly granted to the Lord Fairfax Cromwel being thus invested with power presently addresses to the vvork and in order thereunto he took his journey towards the Army in the North June 28. 1650. As he passed great demonstrations of respect were given him by the generality of the people July 4. he arrived at York attended by many great Officers of the Army No sooner vvas he entred that City but the Lord Maior Aldermen and Sheriffs gave him an invitation to a stately Dinner expressing how much they joyed in the presence of so renowned an Hero But he remembring that it was Fighting and not Feasting that he came about tarried there no longer then to order supplies for the Army and expedite their Rendezvous By this time the Committee of Estates in Scotland was alarmed insomuch that they were frighted into an Expostulation with the Parliament thinking thereby to protract time till their Levies were perfected to that end they sent a Letter to the Speaker by Col. Grey to this effect That they wondered at the report of the English Armies advance towards their Nation and that many of their Ships were seized and secured by the English contrary to the Act of Pacification in the large Treaty which provided that no acts of Hostility should be used against each other without three months warning beforehand and that those Forces which they were raising were onely for their own defence and therefore they desired to know if the Forces of England now on their march Northward were intended for Offence or Defence to guard their own borders or invade Scotland Papers of like import were also sent to the Governour of Newcastle Major Gen. Lambert and the Lord General Cromwel The Parliament answered them by a Declaration shewing the Grounds and Reasons of their Armies advance vvith the equity and necessity thereof Their Grounds and Reasons vvere these 1. For that the Scots endeavoured to seduce the people of the Commonwealth of England from their affection and duty to the Parliament and to promote the Interest of the late King under pretence of the Covenant 2. In that they took Berwick and Carlisle and put Garisons into them in the year 1648. contrary to the large Treaty in 1640. and this done by the Parliament of Scotland even whilst English Commissioners were at Edinburgh offering to endeavour the composing of all differences betwixt the Nations by a Treaty which they refused But forasmuch as every quarrel that is lawful is not necessary for in some cases injuries are to be passed by or at least to be composed by Treaty therefore they proceed to declare the Necessity also of their present Expedition which they thus grounded All reparations of the damages done by the Scots in their late Invasion have been denied to be given in a fair way by their Parliament vvhereby they have owned the vvrongs done thereby That they have a designe again to invade us which appears thus 1. In that upon the English their demanding a Treaty for satisfaction of the injuries done in their late Invasion they in express terms declared themselves enemies to this Commonwealth 2. In that although they could not claim to themselves any Authority or Dominion over us yet in Scotland they proclaimed Charles Stuart to be King of England and Ireland and since that promised to assist him against this Commonwealth 3. In that vvhen upon preparation in Scotland for Hamiltons Invasion of England the Parliament of England sent Commissioners to treat of an Accommodation to prevent effusion of bloud they declined the Treaty and in stead thereof an Army speedily marcheth into England 4. In that they declared against the English Parliament and Army as Sectaries ranking them vvith Malignants and Papists These provocations being intolerable and no satisfaction being to be had but vvhat the Sword must procure the Parliament resolve upon that course vvhereby seeing no other expedient could effect it to vindicate the Nations honour and to secure it against the like insolencies for the time to come This Declaration was quickly seconded by another from the Lord General and his Army which they directed to the well-affected in Scotland and was to this effect That they being to advance into Scotland for the ends expressed in the Parliaments Declaration of June 26. they considering the practices of some in that Kingdom whose designes are by unjust reproaches and false slanders to make the Army odious and render them to be rather monsters then men Therefore to clear themselves they could do no otherwise then re-minde them of their behaviour when they were before in Scotland what injury or wrong was then done either to the persons houses or goods of any considering this it was hoped that such their former demeanour would not be forgotten nor the present reports affright the people from their habitations To satisfie them further the Lord General and the Army declared from the integrity of their hearts That such of the Gentry and Commonalty as inhabit where the Army may come they being none of those who by their counsels laid the foundation of a second Invasion or closed with him who hath endeavoured to engage forraign Princes against
spight of those showers of great and small shot that were poured upon them at their approaching the shore in exchange whereof Colonel Overton caused his men to pay them in their own coyn by firing upon them out of the Boats which being performed with admirable courage and gallantry made the Scots break off the dispute and notwithstanding their advantage of firm footing when the English stood on a very tottering foundation betake themselves to their heels leaving behinde them part of their Arms and Artillery Overton being thus landed made good his ground by causing his souldiers to become Pioneers and to intrench themselves for greater security until more Forces might come up to them upon whose conjunction they would be enabled to march up into the Country without fear of any opposition To this purpose Messengers were with all speed posted away to the Lord General to acquaint him with their good success and the present posture of their affairs who thereupon immediately ordered a supply of two Regiments of Horse and two of Foot to be hasted away with all expedition under the conduct of Major-General Lambert The news of these passages arriving at the Scotish Camp gave them so hot an Alarm that in all haste Major-General Brown is dispatched away with four Regiments of Horse and Major-General Holborn with as many of Foot to drive the English out of Fyfe again But they lost their aim for Lambert getting the start of them came up to the relief of Overton ere they could approach to straiten him The English being thus united Lambert drew them up in Battalia in a very formal manner in this order His own Regiment of Horse with the Dragoons of Col. Okey and Col. Morgan made the Right Wing Colonel Lidcot's three Troops of Horse with some Dragoons made the Left the Main Body consisted of the Regiments of Major-General Lambert Colonel West and Colonel Daniel of Foot with some odde Companies more which were edged in to the greatest advantage The Scots finding the English in this posture were not at all discouraged but expressing greater resolution then usually they had done set their men in Battel aray and stoutly confronted their adversaries Both Parties having faced each other for the space of an hour and an half Lambert with the Right Wing of his Battel fell on the Enemy with great fierceness giving the first Charge on the Scots Left wing which they not flinching a foot manfully sustained returning like for like Thus continuing for some time the Scale of success standing in equipondio the Pistols having now done their part the fury of these Antagonists grew to such a hight that flinging away those more cowardly weapons every man drew upon his opposite and with swords point charged thorow each other But this was too hot to hold for the English being very dextrous in that kinde of fighting quickly routed the Enemies Left wing and made them flee leaving a fair field Neither were the rest of the Forces on both sides idle spectators but industriously acted their parts in their several stations The Foot that constituted the Main Body of the English traversing their ground so reiterated their Vollies that they seemed to cause an earthquake But the Scotch Horse being utterly dissipated their Foot could not stand long who being left to the mercy of their Enemy in this heat of bloud found it cruel being little other then what was dispensed at the but-end of their Muskets especially to the High-landers In a word and that in plain English so enraged were the English that in a trice they bestrewed the place with 2000 Scots or thereabout as so many objects of mortality Neither were the Captives inconsiderable either for their quality or number they being as followeth viz. Major-General Brown Commander in chief one Colonel one Lieutenant-Colonel one Major thirteen Captains seventeen Lieutenants nine and twenty Ensignes five Quartermasters six and twenty Sergeants five and twenty Corporals and One thousand two hundred twenty and six common souldiers with fourty and two Colours of Horse and Foot Brown having received this Defeat which consisted not onely in the loss of so many considerable Forces but the wounding of his Honour and Reputation more valued then life by a Generous minde and being himself reduced to the condition of a prisoner survived not long dying as was conceived of very grief for his hard fate But the English triumph in their victory still seeking to augment it by farther Exploits now the Terrour of this Blow had spread it self into all the Scots Garisons and therefore Lambert first of all summons the impregnable Fort of Innesgarvey situate in an Isle lying in the Frith betwixt Queens Ferry and the Pass into Fife The Garison here was possest with such a pannick fear that upon summons they were content to march away with their swords onely by their sides to shew what profession they were of and leave the Fort with all the Arms Ammunition and provision with sixteen pieces of Ordnance behinde them for the use of the English The Scots King having the report of this great overthrow of his Forces brought to Torwood where he still lay strongly incampt it wrought such a great distraction in his Army that he very hastily dislodg'd and marched into Sterling Park But they could not be so quick in the retreat but General Cromwel who still waited upon them was as nimble in the Rear who although he had much diminished his Forces by sending so many into Fife yet still indeavoured to fight the whole Army of his Enemies and marched after them through the ground they lately possess'd and there found what pannick fear had possest them who in hast had left behinde them all their sick souldiers one barrel of Powder three of Ball much Match many Musquets and three barrels of Hand-Granadoes Thus the Lord General followed them with provocations to move them to fight until he came within two miles of Sterling but all to little purpose for they would neither bark nor bite but hasted away to secure themselves The Lord General seeing his stay here would be to little purpose marched away his Army the 22 of July to Lithgo whence he sent over into Fife the greatest part of them with the Train of Artillery to prosecute the War on the other side of the water Now there remaining onely four Regiments of Horse and four of Foot behinde those he made use of to secure what was already gained and to keep a watchful eye on the Scots future Motions The Lord General himself retired to Leith there to take order for the supplie of his souldiers Whilst he staid here the happy news of the surrender of Brunt-Island arrived to his Ears for Major General Lambert prosecuting his good fortune brought the Army before that Island in hope that the sight of his Red-Coats might daunt them into a rendition And herein he was not deceived for no sooner was he come before it but without one shot made
any of them nor voluntarily afford or cause to be afforded or delivered to any of them any Victuals Provisions Ammunition Arms Horses Plate Money Men or any other Relief whatsoever under pain of High Treason And that all persons should use their utmost endeavours to hinder and stop their March Yet for all this the Scots went on in prosecution of their present designe bending their course by a swift March for the west of England where we will leave them making more hast then good speed and return back again to the Lord Gen. Cromwel He having notice at St. Johnstons that the Scots Army were gone to take up new Quarters in England did immediately settle the Affairs of Scotland in a posture sufficient to secure what was already won and leaving six thousand Horse and Foot more with Lieutenant General Mork to reduce the rest he causes Major General Lambert with five Regiments of Horse and Dragoons to fly away with all possible speed to get into the Rear of the Scots Army whilst Harison was in their Front so to impede their March until himself could get up unto them This being done with the remainder of the Army consisting of eight Regiments of Foot two of Horse and eight great Guns this victorious General marched away leaving Scotland but not the remembrance of his being there and on August 12. he with his Army crossed Tine With this swift March being quite tired out he caused the Army to pitch their Tents on Ryson Haugh upon the brink of Tine himself in the mean time quartering at Stelly House neer unto his Souldiers The Mayor of New-Castle having notice of the Armies being thus neer the Town immediately went forth with the rest of the Magistrates to congratulate the Generals arrival into England And to make themselves welcome to the Souldiers they carried along with them for supply of the Army Bread Cheese Biscet and Beer these Provisions were a great refreshing and inabled the Souldiers with cheerfulness to undertake the future march In the mean time the Scots with their King marched on towards Warrington Bridge where Maj. Gen. Harison resolved to make opposition against them and if possible to hinder their passage over but before they could break down the Bridge the Scots by a swift March from Charley came up and being necessarily engaged they maintained a notable combate with those that offered to withstand them here they had a small brush but could very well afford it for the loss was their gain and so both sides were satisfied with the ingagement for though some of their men fell in the fight yet they had their desire which was to pass over the bridge And now it was the great Question of all whither they intended to bend their course most believed for London being that was the Metropolis of the English Nation a populous City well furnished with a great Magazine of Men and Money the first being the Wheels of War the last the Oyl which makes them turn nimbly about But it seems the Scots looked upon this as too hazardous or else intended onely to take the dimensions of the Land and when that was done to return home again to their own Kingdom However they marched on towards the West shewing all civility to the people as they past along and with such strict Discipline were they governed that as their Army marched through Shropshire a private Souldier for offering to enter an Orchard was by his Officer immediately disbanded with a Bullet By this severity their rough-hewn natures were so polished that if Necessity drove any private Souldier to a door he durst speak no other Language then A Drink of Water But now at last their Peregrination ends at Worcester for coming thither weak and weary with constant duty and hard labour having expected much out finding little they here resolve to take up their Quarters hoping Massey's former services in Gloucestershire and those parts was not quite buried in the Grave of Oblivion But in this they found it otherwise for although they might love his person well yet seeing his parts ingaged against the Grain of the Times it quite alienated the affections of those that otherwise might wish him well The Scotch King with his Army having thus entered Worcester on Friday August the 23. 1651. resolved being he could go no further to tarry there and abide the brunt And therefore in the first place because he would not be wanting in any thing that might conduce to the preservation of himself and forces he caused works to be raised for better security Then he sent forth his Letters Mandatory to Colonel Mackworth Governout of Shrewsbury and likewise to Sir Thomas Middleton to perswade them to raise Forces for him but this proved fruitless so that being now got as it were in a pound there was no way but to make the best of a bad bargain And now the black and dismal clouds began to gather about Worcester which portended a dreadful storm would quickly follow as presently after it did For victorious Cromwel who by delaies never contributed to approaching dangers having refreshed his men neer New-Castle marched away without the least delay or loss of time until he came to joyn with the rest of the Parliaments Forces commanded by Lieutenant General Fleetwood Major General Desborough the Lord Gray of Groby Major General Lambert Major General Harison and besides all these the Militia Forces out of every County were commanded to march away and surround those wretched men at Worcester that so a quick dispatch might be put to the work Never was it known before in England that such great Forces were gathered together in so small a time for the standing Army with the rest of those Forces newly raised by Act of Parliament upon this occasion could not amount to less then eighty thousand But now the Lord General Cromwel being come up and having observed the posture that the Scoth Army lay in began his work with an attempt upon Vpton Bridge there intending if it was possible to pass over his Army this designe was left to Major General Fleetwoods management who presently sent away a small party of Horse and Dragoons to discover how feasible the attempt might be this Party though small proved daring in a desperate attempt for finding the bridge broken down and nothing remaining but onely a Beam of Timber that reached from one Arch to another which through negligence had been left by the Scots these bold Fellows made no more ado but dismounting their Horses one after another rid over on this Wooden Pegasus and presently after having now recovered the other side run themselves into a Church neer to the bridge for security Major General Massey being all this while in Vpton with about 60 Dragoons and 200 Horse lying secure without the least dread of an Enemy imagining it impossible for any to come at him at that time was upon the sudden report of this Exploit so alarmed that in
Marston-Moor and there draws up his Army in Battalia to the best advantage the ground would permit Lesley was in the mean time marching with his Army toward Tadcaster after the Prince but hearing what he had done he wheels about to give him Battel The Prince having possest himself of all the advantages that might be keeps his ground The Generals Lesley Manchester and Fairfax having drawn up their Army in as good form as the time would permit placing most of Lesleys and Fairfax his Horse in the Right Wing Manchester's with other of the Scotch Horse made the Left commanded by Cromwel who had that Charge committed to him for the day the Foot made up the Main Body Both Armies standing in this posture Prince Rupert's Left Wing making the first Charge dissipates the Parliaments Right prosecuting their Charge with such fury and vigour that in a trice destruction was everywhere seen Cromwel in the Left wing not knowing what had befaln the Right couragiously charges Rupert's Right wing which soon turned the scale before inclining toward the Prince the advantage he got here by his wise improvement thereof soon redounded to the whole Army for although many for fear disbanded themselves and fled yet the rest as many as could be got together being led on by the Noble Earl of Manchester and Sir Thomas Fairfax the last of whom received in his face that day a Mark of Honour joyning with victorious Cromwel made the day clearly theirs This Fight was the most bloudy of any in all the Civil wars wherein was great slaughter on both sides judged by spectators to be little less then ten thousand men Prince Rupert and his helpers being thus discomfited they fall out and lay the blame of the miscarriage one upon the other the Earl of Newcastle and others of quality leaving the Kingdom thereupon This impediment being removed the Siege of York was renewed which City though governed by valiant Glemham being hopeless of new succours was soon yeelded Many other examples of Cromwels great Atchievements both North and west might be given even whilst he was in a lower capacitie but studying brevity we shall pass over many things and come to speak of him as under the New Establishment in which he received a greater Command The Parliament seeing the war to be tedious and finding that notwithstanding the daily great effusion of bloud and vast expence of treasure small progress was made in the Kingdoms resettlement they resolve on a new course by new-modeling the old Army and to prevent the just offence of any of their Members who might be displaced thereby they pass an Ordinance commonly called The self-denying Ordinance that no Member of Parliament should serve in the Army but wholly attend the service of the House unless they had the Houses license for so doing Then they recruit the Army which had been much wasted by Sickness and a late defeat in the West to One and twenty thousand viz. Fourteen thousand Foot Six thousand Horse and One thousand Dragoons commissioning Sir Thomas Fairfax their General Cromwel being then in the West and receiving intelligence of the new Establishment and of the self-denying Ordinance though he were a great and victorious Commander yet he had not forgotten to obey but immediately disposing of those under his Command he posts towards London to attend his service in Parliament according to their late Ordinance aforesaid and understanding that the General was then at Windsor he took that in his way and went to kiss his Excellencies hand and take leave of him But the Parliament being sufficiently sensible of his worth and how excellent an instrument he might be in carrying on the War they would not suffer him to desert his Military employment and the next morning before he came forth of his chamber a Commission was sent him by the Committee of both Kingdoms whereby he was made Lieutenant-General of Horse to the whole Army Upon this new Establishment the Kings party were very much heightned thinking it an easie matter now to subdue the Parliaments Army being thus chopt and changed and many eminent Commanders laid aside and discontented But they found the contrary for as a fractur'd bone well set becomes the stronger so this broken Army being skilfully handled became so well knit that it was thereby rendred far more vigorous and effective But to proceed Cromwel having accepted of this new Command he immediately applies himself to action For the Kings main Mid-land Forces under the Command of Prince Rupert lying then about Worcester and the borders of Wales intending to take the Field they sent a Convoy of two thousand Horse to Oxford to fetch off the King with the Train of Artillery and to procure Recruits for the Army Fairfax having intelligence hereof sent Cromwel with a party of Horse and Dragoons to impede their passage No sooner was order given but he was at the work for with incredible swiftness marching to seek his enemy he found them at Islip-Bridge and there encountred them and that with so much gallantry that he took 500 Horse and 200 Prisoners among whom were many persons of quality here he took also besides many other Trophies of Honour the Queens Standard And knowing it to little purpose to gain a Victory and not to prosecute it he therefore pursued the remnant that escaped to Blechington-House where Colonel Windebank kept a Garison for the King he summons the place requiring a speedy rendition giving its Governour to understand that otherwise they must expect the effects of the fury of an enraged Souldiery The Governour being terrified by the late defeat it seems despairing of relief from Oxford and doubting his own strength delivers up the House with all the Arms and Ammunition therein marching to Oxford where he was shot to death for his pains So that here were two Victories the well improvement of the first procuring the second But letting pass many of his more inconsiderable actions if any of his in this kinde may be so termed we proceed to give an account of his carriage in that remarkable and fatal Battel of Naseby onely mentioning that feat at Bampton-Bush where he took Sir William Vaughan Lieutenant-Colonel Littleton with divers other Officers and 200 common souldiers This Battel of Naseby brings to minde the saying of that learned man Hugo Grotius viz. When people fight for their liberties the Princes Crown lies at stake which was verified upon the King in the effects thereof for the scale of his affairs was thereby so turned that in short time after he both lost his Crown and became subject to the will of his enemy being never after favour'd with one successful attempt This Battel was fought on the 14 day of June 1645. neer Naseby The Kings Army lying in and about Harborough where Prince Rupert's Head-quarters were they had resolved the night before to fight Fairfax knowing themselves to be much stronger then he especially in Horse They were not more forward
Guns and small shot gave them many vollies for a farewel Thus was he welcomed by the Scots hereafter we shall see how he will welcome himself for this is not the last time which he means to visit them his next errand I fear will be less to their content Cromwel having now finished what he came about prepares to depart October the 16 1648. he leaves Edinburgh being conducted some miles on his way by Arguile and some other of the Scotch Nobility at whose parting great demonstrations of affection past betwixt them Cromwel now bends his course directly to Carlisle from thence marches Southerly to compel Col. John Morrice and those bold fellows to yeeld that held out Pontefract Castle This place though not very great was very considerable as to the strength of it but 't was not the Fortification nor Wall of Stones but the Wall of Bones as it were that made it so famous at this time all the Kingdom over The Garison consisted of about 400 Foot and 130 Horse bold desperate Fellows as may be perceived by some of their Actions One day there issued out of the Castle a party of Horse who fetcht in Sir Arthur Ingram and made him pay 1500 l. for his Ransom before he could get from them Again afterwards Captain Clayton and most of his Troop was seized upon by them and made prisoners 200 head of Cattle with many Horses they fetch'd into the Castle whilst Sir Henry Cholmley lay before it with his Forces to keep them in But the boldest trick of all was this One morning before day there sallied out 40 Horse who post away to Doncaster where Col. Rainsborough then quartered who had a Commission to command in chief before the Castle when they were come near the Town three of the party left their Fellows without and confidently marching in enquired for Col. Rainsborough's quarters which when they had notice of they entered pretending to deliver a Letter to him from Lieutenant-General Cromwel The Col. little dreaming that these were the Messengers of death confidently opens his Chamber door to receive the Letter but instead thereof he received that fatal wound into his heart that sent him to his grave And although his Forces were about him and kept guard in the Town yet these confident Fellows got back into the Castle in the middle of the day To curb these insolencies Cromwel immediately after he had setled the Northern Counties in peace and quietness comes to the Leaguer and having ordered the several Posts for a close Siege so that now they could not range abroad he left a strong party before it commanded by Lambert who was come thither out of Scotland Himself marches up to London and takes his place in the Parliament who were sufficiently sensible of the large testimony he had given in Scotland of his prudence in governing his Army whilst they were in that Kingdom and with what civility both Officers and Souldiers behaved themselves together with their care to avoid all causes of offence both in their Quarters and March They thereupon order the hearty thanks of the House of to be given to this worthy Captain which was accordingly done by the Speaker whilst he sate among them he receiving it with great humility after his manner not taking to himself the least of all those great things that were wrought by him but attributing them wholly to GOD who is the Giver of Victories Now the smooth countenance of Peace having once againe appeared over most part of the Nation the Parliament takes into consideration the punishment of the chief abettors and promoters of the late War and looking upon the King as a chief Instrument they resolve to bring him to a speedy Tryal in order whereunto a Charge was drawn up against him consisting of many Heads chiefly That he was the Promoter of the Rebellion in Ireland The Contriver of the Wars in England and what blood soever had been spilt in the Nation in the time of the Wars was put to his Charge as an Actor in and at many ingagements with many other Enormities and Crimes which they said he was guilty of To cary on this work thus begun a high Court of Justice was erected consisting of some Lords many Members of the House of Commons and Officers of the Army over whom was set Serjeant Bradshaw as President of the Court. All things being thus prepared the King was conducted to St. James's from Windsor by a party of Horse and afterward removed to Sir Robert Cottons House in order to his Tryal which lasted three days in fine he was condemned and presently after executed before his Palace of White-hall on Tuesday January the 30 1648. Thus fell King Charles a man indued with singular Vertues temperate he was above all his Predecessors both as to Wine and Women taking no more of the first then might well suffice and cherish Nature and for the last constant to one insomuch that none of all the preceding Kings that arrived to his years except his Royal Father could be compared to him He was a good Theologician not onely in the Theorick but Practis'd what he knew None ever undertook him in dispute but much admired his Parts even those Ministers which the Parliament sent to him in Isle of Wight besides many others the Earl of Worcester and Mr. Hendersen were both silenced with his Arguments He was endued with much Patience Prosperity and Adversity being both one to him working little else in him but onely to shew that he had an absolute command over his Passions and Affections His Actions in the last scene of his Life made many pity him who before had undervaluing thoughts of his Abilities looking upon him as too weak to bear the burden of three Kingdoms on his Shoulders In a word he wanted nothing but less confidence in those about him and more courage and resolution in himself to be a happy King This Tragedy being over the Parliament immediately changed the Government into a Commonwealth voting a King and House of Lords to be unnecessary and chargeable that the Supream Authority should reside in the House of Commons alone without King or Lords and to that effect imposed an Engagement to be taken by all persons before they should receive any benefit by the Law or enjoy any place of publick trust or profit which they could hinder them of This Pill many swallowed but did not like the taste had it not been wrapt about in gold their profit few would have put it to their Mouths The Stomacks of the Clergy most of all nauseated it being point-blank against the Covenant which they had taken not long before and endeavoured still to maintain Affairs of State standing thus the Parliament finde the Nation full of Souldiers that were lately disbanded some by force in the field as the Kings and others the Parliaments formerly in their service but now disbanded for supernumeraries these for the most part were men of Fortune who
number of 1500. all armed with Backs Brests Head-pieces Pistols Swords and Lances as if they had intended to inflict some strange new-fashion'd deaths upon the English July 30. about three or four in the morning Straughan gave a furious Camisado on a Body of the English in their quarters which being sudden did somewhat disorder a Regiment of Horse but the Alarm being given raised so many English spirits that soon frighted away the Scots pursuing them to their own homes In this encounter were killed and taken about 200 with seven Officers ' of quality Straughan himself because he could manage his horse no better was fain to trip it on foot to Edinburgh with shame enough Here the Lord General to let the Scots see what a generous Enemy they had to deal withal discharged the chiefest of the prisoners taken and sent them to Edinburgh in his own Coach which not onely begot him great applause but tended much to the rectification of those who had harboured so much prejudice against him by reason of those strange reports broached of his pretended cruelty Now the Armies provisions being welnigh spent they retire again to Dunbar there to renew their supplies from the Ships attending for that purpose by order from the English Parliament vvho knowing victuals to be the life of VVar money being onely the sinews took care to provide a continued course of Recruits After convenient supply and refreshment returned immediately towards Edinburgh to accompany the Scots in their Rejoycing they being then very seriously keeping a solemn Thanksgiving for their supposed great deliverance imagining that the English Army was quite gone as if they had come onely to see how they did or whether Edinburgh stood where it did when they were there last This unexpected visit spoiled their sport and made them change their none notwithstanding the presence of their King then but newly come thither from St. Johnstons who although he had been lately crowned had not a Crown in his pocket the Kirk it seems thinking him not yet fit to be trusted with money till he had more amply lamented the sins of his father and put on those Yokes they were preparing for him which he fearing would not prove very easie made no haste to take upon him About this time the General Assembly with David Lesley their General sent to the Lord General Cromwel a Declaration as Lesley call'd it containing the state of the Quarrel in which they were to fight as if they had such a minde to it desiring that this their Declaration might be publikely known Whether their request were fulfill'd then or no I know not I shall so far gratifie them now as to endeavour the same by reciting it briefly as followeth THat the General Assembly considering there might be just grounds of stumbling from the Kings Majesties refusing to subscribe the Declaration concerning his former carriage and resolutions for the future in reference to the Cause of God the enemies and friends thereof doth therefore declare that the Kirk and Kingdom will not own any Malignant party their quarrel or interest but that they will fight upon their former Principles for the Cause of God and their Kingdom and therefore as they disclaim all the sin and guilt of the King and his House so they will not own him nor his Interest any further then he shall disclaim his and his fathers opposition to the work of God and the enemies thereof And withal that they would with convenient speed consider of the Papers sent to them from Oliver Cromwel and vindicate themselves from the falshoods contained therein Very short but not very sweet it carries a sting in its tayl The imputation of falshood might much more justly and properly have been kept at home all things considered The Lord General Cromwel returns them this Answer THat the Army continued the same they had profest themselves to the honest people of Scotland wishing to them as to their own souls it being no part of their business to hinder them in the VVorship of God according to their Consciences as by his Word they ought And that they should be ready to perform what obligation lay upon them by the Covenant But that under the pretence of the Covenant mistaken a King should be taken in by them and imposed on the English and this called The Cause of God and the Kingdom and this done upon the satisfaction of Gods people in both Nations as alleadged together with a disowning of Malignants although the Head of them be received who at this very instant hath a party fighting in Ireland and Prince Rupert at Sea on a Malignant account the French and Irish ships daily making depredations upon the English coasts and all by vertue of his Commissions and therefore the Army cannot believe that whilst Malignants fighting and plotting against them on the one side and the Scots declaring for him on the other should not be an espousing of a Malignant Interest or Quarrel but a meer fighting on former Grounds and Principles If the state of the Quarrel be thus and you say you resolve to fight the Army you will have oportunity to do that else what means our abode here And our hope is in the Lord c. Thus the cause of the VVar was stated as if the Scots had been ignorant of the grounds and reasons of the English Armies coming into their Country Now there remains nothing but fighting and how well they quit themselves therein is next to be shewn The Lord General seeing that by no means he could provoke the Enemy to an engagement having sufficiently victualled his men at Muscleborough Aug. 17. 1650 he advanced and pitched his Camp on Pencland Hills In this march the Scots drew forth several Bodies of Horse and faced the English but they were so wary as to keep out of harms way not coming within Gun-shot The Army having taken up their Quarters on the hills two Troops of Dragoons are sent out to dispossess the Enemy of Collington-House About this time a Serjeant of Colonel Cox his Regiment with three others his associates was called to account for plundering a house and stealing a Cloak which being proved the Serjeant was condemned to be hang'd and notwithstanding the scarcity of trees in those parts the Sentence was executed on him for an example to others The other three Souldiers found mercy and obtained pardon So careful was the General to preserve the Country according as he had promis'd them before in his Declaration Then the Scots drew forth on the west side of Edinburgh between the river Leith and the Sea to the number of two or three thousand Horse conceiving that the Army intended to possess a pass over the said River Which the Lord General seeing he drew forth a Forlorn to engage them himself in person leading to shew the Scots his readiness to fight them Approaching near to their Body one that knew the Lord General fired a Carbine at him but timerously
liberty to him to consult with the Committee of Estates because he heard those among them that were honest enjoyed not satisfaction and the rest were now discovered to seek another interest then they had formerly pretended to in which if he desired to be satisfied he might have information at a neerer distance then St. Johnstons This Parley was intended to continue until 10 in the morning Decemb. 13. but there flying from the Castle some great Shot on the over-night the next morning order was given to try the Mortar-Pieces which was done three with shells and the fourth with stones This produced the Governours Answer to the Lord Generals last Message wherein he adjured him in the Fear and Name of the living God which was called upon in the acceptance of his great trust that liberty might be granted for him to send to the Committee of Estates and that he should be very willing to receive information from those of his Country-men whom he could trust The Lord Generals reply was That whosoever he would appoint to come to him should have liberty for one hour but to send to the Committee of Estates he could not grant To this the Governour was silent until the Mortar-Pieces and great Guns began to play against the Castle which they did for some small time with great violence This made Dundass send forth a Drum to desire a Conference with the Provest of Aberdeen and one more then in Edinburgh which the Lord General willingly condescended unto But they seeing it to be a business of great concernment utterly refused to have any thing to do with it leaving the Governour to take his own course in the business The Drummer being returned with this answer into the Castle it much perplext the Governour who reflecting on the sad condition he was in saw himself surrounded with many dangers both from abroad and within for should he yeild it would go near to cost him his life if ever he went to give an account to those that intrusted him with this charge for the loss of so strong a place would exasperate them beyond reason and fill their minds so full of anger and revenge that in vain he might go about to make his own defence Should he stand it out and defend the Castle haply relief might come and so he might preserve his honour and raise his reputation to a high pitch which are things a valiant Souldier ought to be as careful of as life it self These Considerations at last made him wave all other thoughts and wholly resolve to acquit himself manfully knowing his own strength and that the Nation could not afford a better Garison to maintain then this being naturally strong and unaccessible No sooner had he resolved thus with himself but his mind was accordingly signified to the English by a fair red Ensigne hung out in defiance on the top of the Castle and the roaring of great Guns from the Battlements of the wall This Musick was no ways unpleasant in the Lord Generals ears who answerable to the Scotch red Flag produced Red-Coats a sight more formidable and for their Guns sent them in such Balls that the strongest Arm in the Castle could not beat back again For now he thought it concerned him to let them know his utmost force seeing they were so hardy as to withstand his power three moneths when a potent Army at Dunbar could not do it three hours Therefore December 17 the great Guns play hard on the Castle and the Granadoes flying in the Ayr were as so many prodigious Comets threatning misery to the Besieged who in defence of themselves made the Castle seem Aetna perpetually vomiting out smoak and fire but all to little purpose for the Lord General showred such continued storms of shot upon them that even made them despair of withstanding the same The Governour seeing this and thinking that now he had done sufficient for one man beat a Parley offering to surrender if still harping on this string leave might be granted to send to the Committee of Estates and see if their leasure would permit them to come with relief But this being still denyed Col. Dundass and his Souldiers thought it not good to abide any more of these fiery tryals and therefore agreed to deliver all up on these Articles That the Castle of Edinburgh the Cannon Arms Ammunition Magazines and Furniture of War should be delivered up to the Lord General Cromwel That the Scots should have the liberty to carry away their publick Registers publick Moveables private Evidences and Writs into Fife or Sterling That those Goods in the Castle belonging to any person whatsoever the Owners should have them restored again this to be proclaimed that all might take notice of it That the Governour and all Military Officers and Souldiers might depart without molestation carrying their Arms and Baggage with Drums beating and Colours flying to Brunt-Island in Fife moreover the sick and wounded Souldiers to stay in Edinburgh till cured and then to receive the same benefit of Articles with the rest of their Fellows According to these Articles this strong Castle being delivered up December 24. was presently possest by some Companies of the English who found therein to their admiration 53 Peeces of Ordnance 15 of them Iron the rest Brass 8000 Arms 80 Barrels of Powder and all things else suitable The Articles were punctually performed by the very great care of the Lord General who sent forth a Proclamation according to the Tenour of the Agreement for all persons to come freely to Edinburgh and fetch what Goods belonged to them promising that they should not receive the least wrong nor be injured nor molested in their Egress or Regress the Souldiers on pain of death being commanded to obey the Proclamation and that none might plead ignorance it was proclaimed by beat of Drum and sound of Trumpet in Edinburgh and Leith Of such importance was this place to the English that it might compare with any of their Successes ever since they first footed Scotch Ground Dunbar-Victory was a great advantage and the routing of Car conduced much to the weakning of the Enemy but these things onely pared the nailes of Kirk and States which would after a while grow again or else broke their shins and made them halt a little which might be quickly cured by a Plaister brought out of the Highlands but this loss of Edinburgh Castle is irrecoverable no more such strong places will grow again the loss of which almost broke the Scots hearts and made them cry out That Cromwel fought with more then ordinary Engines and shot better Metal then Lead or else it had been impossible to reduce that which in imagination was accounted impregnable But this was meer fancie for seldome it is that any side loseth but some will maintain it was by Treachery when there was no such thing so was it here for Dundass the Governour did what lay in his power and bore up couragiously
sent them with a stately Tent and six fair Brass Ordnance for a Present to the King then at Sterling where all being joyned their Army consisted of 20000 men most raw or else but parboil'd having seen no Wars but what their own Country produced and being more acquainted with their fields then fights knew better how to handle a Spade then a Speare But though many of them were thus especially the new-raised Forces yet all were not so for Scotland being always numerous in people supplyed the neighbour-Nations with auxiliarie Forces so that many Regiments of them were always in the service of the Swede French Dutch and other Nations But now upon report of Wars in Scotland they repaired home to serve in their own Nation at this time against the English The Scotch Army being grown numerous was still augmented by Forces newly raised in all parts of the Nation where the King and States had any command yet more were desired to that purpose the Earl of Eglington an eminent person was sent into the VVest with some other Commanders to raise Forces these coming to Dunbarton began to put their Commissions in execution but Colonel Lilburn having notice of it sent them a party of Horse which suddainly snapt the Earl himself his Son Colonel James Mountgomery Lieutenant-Colonel Colborn c. whom they carried away prisoners to Edinburgh The Lord General Cromwel had now got strength to walk abroad notwithstanding the relapse he fell into after his first sickness and had it not been that he was of an extraordinary strong constitution the Ague which last of all seised upon him might have shook him into the grave But the Parliament in England seeing how frequent these distempers were upon their General and doubting the air of Scotland might be the cause of it the Council of State first of all sent him two eminent Doctors Dr. Wright and Dr. Bates to use their utmost skill in his recovery and presently after dispatched an Order into Scotland which gave him liberty to leave the business of the Army and repair into England until his health and strength was recovered Upon receipt of this he made a return of thanks by a Letter to the Lord President of the Council which ran thus My Lord I Having received yours of the 27 of May with an Order of the Parliament for my liberty to return into England for change of ayr that thereby I might the better recover my health all which came unto me whiles Dr. VVright and Dr. Bates whom your Lordship sent down were with me I shall not need to repeat the extremity of my last sickness it was so violent that indeed my nature was not able to bear the weight thereof but the Lord was pleased to deliver me beyond expectations and to give me cause to say once more He hath plucked me out of the Grave My Lord the indulgence of the Parliament expressed by their Order is a very high and undeserved favour which although it be fit I keep a thankful remembrance yet I judge it would be too much presumption in me not to return a particular acknowledgement I beseech you give me the boldness to return my humble thankfulness to the Council for sending two such worthy persons so great a journey to visit me from whom I have received much encouragement and good direction for recovery of health and strength which I finde by the goodness of God growing towards such a state as may yet if it be his good will render me useful according to my poor ability in the station wherein he hath set me I wish more steadiness in your Affairs here then to depend in the least upon so frail a thing as I am indeed they do not nor own any Instrument this Cause is of God and it must prosper Oh that all that have any hand therein being so perswaded would gird up the loyns of their minds and endeavour in all things to walk worthy of the Lord So prays My Lord Your most humble Servant O. CROMWEL Edinburgh June 3. Although sickness had a long time kept under the body of this noble General yet his courage was no way diminished by it for no sooner was he able to stir abroad but with eager desire of action he consults with the chief Officers of the Army to carry on the War The result of these Councils was to contract the Army by drawing in the out-guards or petty Garisons which were of little force and onely served for Perdues to give notice of the Enemies motions To Hamilton marcht Commissary-General Whally with eight Regiments of Horse and brought off a Troop of Dragoons and 60 Foot which were there placed afterward several other places were deserted by the Forces that kept them The Army being thus drawn into one body were supplyed with 33 Waggons and Carriages for the Train from Barwick and near upon the same time arrived by Sea Captain Butler in the Success a stout ship formerly taken from the French this was the Ship that wafted along the Golden Fleece and safely swom into Leith with a rich Cargazon of about 80000 l for to pay the Souldiers This money was presently distributed out to the Horse and Foot which mightily elevated their resolution to the present Expedition All things being now ready for this Champaigne the Lord General Cromwel ordered the Armies advance to Red-hall which was cheerfully done on June 24. 1651. At this place they onely tarried until the Souldiers had wholly quitted their Quarters and then marched off to Pencland hills a place which was well known to the English ever since the first enterance of the Army into Scotland when they took the confidence from thence to look big on the City of Edenburgh but now being in a braver condition then they were before having cut through the greatest difficulties of the VVar and advanced their Blood-red Cross on the top of the most impregnable places that durst withstand their invincible Force having made a breakfast of the South of Scotland they intended the North for a Dinner Therefore to make hast now their stomacks were up the Lord General Cromwel caused the whole Army to pitch their Camp on Pencland hills in such a comely Order and admirable Figure so that Julius Caesar himself could he have kept death off at the swords point and thereby survived to this Age might have turned Scholar and learnt the Rudiments of Modern Discipline by the Example of this excellent Commander How amiable was it to behold the towring Tents of the superiour Officers in various Figures and spreading Colours overlooking the Huts of the inferiour Souldiers like so many Pinacles in a well-built City that aspire over the humble Cottages administring a pleasant object to the delighted Traveller Here Military Discipline resembled the Civil Power all knowing their Duty and performing their Parts whilst General Cromwel the Head observed the Actions of every Member in this great Body with one hand stretched forth to reward the sober
establish Righteousness and Peace in these Nations And after much debate it was judged necessary that the Supreme Government should be by the Parliament devolved upon known persons fearing God and of approved integrity for a time as the most hopeful way to countenance all Gods people reform the Law and administer Justice impartially hoping thereby the people might forget Monarchy and understand their true interest in the Election of successive Parliaments that so the Government might be settled upon a right Basis without hazard to this glorious Cause or necessitating to keep up Armies for the defence of the same And being still resolved to use all means possibly to avoid extraordinary courses we prevailed with about twenty Members of Parliament to give us a conference with whom we plainly debated the necessity and justness of our Proposals The which found no acceptance but instead thereof it was offered That the way was to continue still this Parliament as being that from which we might probably expect all good things This being vehemently insisted on did much confirm us in our apprehensions That not any love to a Representative but the making use thereof to recruit and so to perpetuate themselves was their aim in the Act they had then under consideration For preventing the consummating whereof and all the sad and evil consequences which upon the grounds aforesaid must have ensued and whereby at one blow the interest of all honest men and of this glorious Cause had been endangered to be laid in the dust and these Nations embroyled in new troubles at a time when our Enemies abroad are watching all advantages against and some of them actually engaged in War with us we have been necessitated though with much reluctancy to put an end to this Parliament This Declaration being sent abroad into all the Dominions of the Common-wealth was readily assented to by most of the chief Officers both by Land and Sea But for farther satisfaction to the Civil Power in the Nation whereby a right understanding might be had and that every one might still notwithstanding this sudden change observe his Duty the former Declaration was seconded by this ensuing WHereas the Parliament being dissolved persons of approved fidelity and honesty are according to the late Declaration of the 22 of April last to be called from the several parts of this Commonwealth to the supreme Authority and although effectual proceedings are and have been had for perfecting those resolutions yet some convenient time being required for the assembling of those persons it hath been found necessary for preventing the Mischiefs and Inconveniencies which may arise in the mean while to the publike Affairs that a Council of State be constituted to take care of and intend the peace safety and present management of the Affairs of this Commonwealth which being setled accordingly the same is hereby declared and published to the end all persons may take notice thereof and in their several places and stations demean themselves peaceably giving obedience to the Laws of the Nation as heretofore in the exercise and administration whereof as indeavours shall be used that no oppression or wrong be done to the people so a strict accompt will be required of all such as shall do any thing to indanger the publick peace and quiet upon any pretence whatsoever O. CROMWEL April 30 1653. These wonderful Revolutions mightily heightned the Resolutions of the Dutch who were wholly possest with Chimaera's of their own inventions imagining their work would be very easie if the English should happen to fall together by the ears amongst themselves But GOD by his Providence had so ordered it that the Nation continued in a peaceable posture not any offering in the least to resist the Commands of their Superious The like was seen amongst the Naval Forces at Sea whose vivacity was now as great as ever both Officers Sea-men and Souldiers minding nothing more then how to gain honour to their Country by repressing the insolencies of their Enemies whose indeavours at this time were to rob England of her Right But now the Lord General having taken upon himself to weild both the Sword and the Scepter the first remarkable passage that befel him was at Sea between the two mighty Antagonists The Dutch having ready in their Harbours a very great Fleet of Merchant men outward bound for France Spain and other Ports all things being fitted and prepared for the Sea those High and Mighty States added ninety men of War to secure them from those dangerous Fellows the English This Fleet being all ready they hoist up sail bidding amain for the North of Scotland it seems rather chusing to make a long and sure Voyage that way then a short and dangerous one through St. George his chanel which had many times proved fatal to their Fleets notwith standing the protection of their best Commanders Trump having according to his Commission conducted his charge so far that they feared no other enemy then the winds and waves immediately tacked about for the Sound from whence he brought away a great Fleet of East-Land Merchant-men from Russia Denmark Dantzicks and other Parts to which was joyned a Fleet from France laden with Wine Salt and other Commodities of that Country having in safety brought all these home he entered the Ports of Holland and Zealand with so much Bravery and so great a Flourish that those persons that knew not the matter might have thought him dragging the English Generals at the Stern of his Ship in Triumph This good Fortune being seconded with a report of the English Fleet being gone Northward under the Command of General Monk and Dean so highly animated Minhere Martin Harper that with all his Men of War he presently set sail for the Downs to act that in the absence of the English Fleet which he durst not do in their presence Being come into the Downs May 25. the Dutch Fleet consisting of 108 Ships ranged themselves before Dover where they expressed a great deal of small valour in beating down with great shot the chimnies of that Town and with so much resolution and spirit did they perform this worthy exploit that not any of their ships offered to run away all the while This Action of Trump's was looked upon by all to savour more of Arrogance then Valour for a gallant souldier will scorn to meddle with him that is incapable of defence but rather measure weapons with his Enemy before the fight neither should a General content himself with making a few Tiles fly from the tops of Houses in a poor Town which can be but small credit to himself and not much damage to his Enemie But we shall see that Van Trump will meet with such a match as will give him opportunity enough to exercise his courage to the utmost for the two Generals Monk and Dean upon the sudden returned from the North into Yarmouth-Road where they joyned with that Fortress of his Country General Blake having 18
Hands by this Resignation made use of them to his best advantage First of all he called a Council of Officers and joyning with them certain other persons to advise it was by them not without abundant seeking of God and speaking from several places of Scripture which lay much upon the spirits of many in this Assembly resolved to have a Commonwealth in a Single Person which person should be the Lord General Cromwel under the Title and Dignity of Lord Protector of England Scotland and Ireland and the Dominions and Territories thereunto belonging To him was assigned a Council consisting of One and twenty to be assistants in the Government But because there can be no Superstructure without a Basis an Instrument was framed to be the Foundation of this present Government which chiefly was made up of these following Heads 1. The Protector should call a Parliament every three years 2. That the first should assemble on the third of September 1654. 3. That he should not dissolve the Parliament till it had sate five moneths 4. That such Bills as they offered to him he not passing them in twenty days should pass without him 5. That he should have a select Council not exceeding one and twenty nor under thirteen 6. That immediately after his death the Council should chuse another Protector before they rose 7. That no Protector after him should be General of the Army 8. That the Protector should have power to make Peace or War 9. That in the Intervals of Parliament he and his Council might make Laws that should be binding to the Subject c. But now to make these things binding to the Conscience of this Grand Magistrate December 16. 1653. he in great state went from White-hall to Westminster where in the Chancery Court before the Judges Maior and Aldermen of London with the chiefest Officers of the Nation he did solemnly swear To accept of the Government and promised in the presence of God not to violate or infringe the matters and things contained in the Instrument but to observe and cause the same to be observed and in all things to the best of his understanding govern the Nations according to the Laws Statutes and Customs seek their peace causing Justice and Law to be equally administred This Oath being publickly known the Ceremony concluded with great Acclamations of certain Souldiers Presently after this following Proclamation by the Council was published through England Scotland and Ireland WHereas the late Parliament dissolved themselves and resigning their Powers and Authorities the Government of the Common-wealth of England Scotland and Ireland by a Lord Protector and successive triennial Parliaments is now established And whereas Oliver Cromwel Captain-General of all the Forces of this Commonwealth is declared Lord Protector of the said Nations and hath accepted thereof We have therefore thought it necessary as we hereby do to make Publication of the Premises and strictly to charge and command all and every Person and Persons of what quality and condition soever in any of the said three Nations to take notice hereof and to conform and submit themselves to the Government so established And all Sheriffs Maiors Bailiffs c. are required to publish this Proclamation to the end none may have cause to pretend ignorance in this behalf Nothing could satisfie Caesars Ambition but a perpetual Dictatorship nor Alexander's but to have more worlds to conquer and why then should our Cromwel having the same aspiration and inspiration above them be satisfied with less then a perpetual Protectorship Ambition is of such a Nature that to be first in a Village pleases better then the second place in a City but to satisfie an ambitious Appetite sufficiently with honour is impossible unless he can clime so high that none dares ask how he came to that height To this Elevation is the Subject of our Discourse come that his thoughts can rise no higher then how to keep in Peace what he hath got by Policy The City of London as there can be no great change without its Concurrence presently invites the Protector to a great Feast at Grocers-Hall where his Entertainment was more suitable to the former Splendor then present Exigence of that once-flourishing City Immediately after some Paper-kites flew out of the Country to Court from particular persons making Demonstration of Congratulation and real Obedience These bore in the Front the Title of Addresses from all the good people in the Nation when it was well known that those whose Blood had purchas'd them Liberty from under one Person would never subscribe themselves Slaves to another The Protector began his Reign with seeming Serenity insomuch that many expected Halcyon days such Sanctity appeared in the Countenance of this Governour his Tongue on all occasions was tipt with Lamentations at the Effusion of Christian Blood and customarily would bemoan the Animosities amongst the people caused by diversity in Religion Yet for all that when any Overtures were made to him tending to a Settlement and Conformity in Religion then his power was no greater in the Nation then a Constable's who is to keep peace and quietness amongst all parties Thus he behaved himself towards the Ecclesiasticks But now we come to his first grand Action of State the Negotiation of the Dutch Peace This War had been gallantly maintained by the long Parliament who in many Fights filled our Harbours with Prizes which weakened much the united Provinces but every bout augmented the Valour and Resolution of the English Sea-men so that in a little while the dread of this Adversary was turned into contempt I will not yet in the least derogate from the worth of this brave Enemy for in all Encounters their endeavours were good might have been better if Sobriety among the Sea-men had been well observed but 't is sad fighting when the Can charged with Brandy must be a Gun to conquer an Enemy these weapons usually conquered themselves and made way to their own destruction But now to shew in part the Dutch Ingratitude it will not be much amiss to remember what England hath done for them Time was when the High and Mighty States of Holland not able to help themselves implored as poor and distressed Queen Elizabeths assistance she readily condescending sent them over a well-furnished Army commanded by the Earl of Leicester These were but the forlorn to greater Bodies which after were transsported under the Conduct of those brave Commanders Norris Vere Sidney and many more whose blood laid the Foundation of that Commonwealth These were the Men that cut the Spanish Yoak from off their Necks and never offered to sheath their Swords until the Dutch were fully possest of their Liberties But O Ingratitude this was no sooner done but the Deed forgotten For in King James his time many Depredations were secretly committed on the English by them It may suffiice if we mention no more but onely the business of Amboyna which sufficiently witnesseth how far their Will
would have extended had they had power sufficient to execute it Afterwards King Charles perceiving their enchroaching set forth a brave Fleet which hurt himself more then any body else for it raised so hideous a storm amongst his Subjects upon the payment of Ship-money that never after could be appeased till his Head was blown off his Shoulders these lying in the Downes under command of Dover-castle to protect a Spanish Armado intending for Flanders the Spaniards were boldly set upon by the Dutch and utterly destroyed Had this presumptuous attempt of the Hollander met with a vindictive King it would not have been so silently connived at These Affronts being thus slightly passed by imboldened them to attempt higher matters for the English Nation on a suddain involved in a Domestick War they made use of this opportunity to fish freely on the English Coast which they continued so long that from custome they would argue a right because they had done it therefore they ought to do it still presuming withall to make Englands Harbors the bounds to their Soveraignty A rich Bank of Treasure and great strength in shipping prompted them to this project and the rather because England was wasted by War and disunited amongst themselves Now they thought it their time to attempt the designe wherein they fancied an assured and absolute Conquest not at all considering what advantages in Navigation England hath over them as first not a ship can well pass the Narrow Seas between Dover and Calice but must run the hazard to be snapt in their passage unless they sailed under protection of a strong Fleet of War Secondly in stormy Weather the Winds would inforce ships at Sea to put into the English Harbours for shelter In both which respects it must needs be very prejudicial to the Dutch if they fell out with England their Traffick this way being stopt up no other means remained to continue a Trade to France Portugal Spain Turkey East and West Indies but by the North of Scotland with a Circumference about Ireland whereby the Merchant must necessarily be exposed to a double danger in respect of Enemies And that which is more unavoydable the tempestuousness of the Sea in this Northerly Latitude would have rendred their passage that way both unfafe and uncomfortable But it seems these Considerations never entred into the thoughts of that State their minds were onely troubled with dividing Spoils and how to give Laws by Sea to the whole world This high conceit of Fortitude many times bars up the doors against prudential Counsels Well blinded as the Dutch were Van Trump that leading Card against the English Commonwealth must begin the Game and that when their Embassadors were in Treaty at London The Parliament of England remembring their late saucy Action in the Downs resolved to make it redound to the honour of England to that end they fell into a close debate of the Nations right in those Seas now Mare Olausum speaks English to let every one see the Dominion of the Narrow Sea is Englands safety and Protector under Divine Providence from the fury of forraign Foes which if it were lost a Confluence of all Nations would quickly subjugate the Land to their will How sensible the Senate and People of England were of this is easily seen by the industrious Counsels of the one and incomparable Valour of the other so that in a few moneths the Dutch sustained more loss by this their wilful undertaking then before they had done in several years War with the Spaniard The English Parliament being thus engaged in a defensive War quickly changed the Scoene to offensive maintaining it with wonderful Policy and Prudence but on a suddain in stept General Cromwel and justled them out of Power taking upon himself to end this War He fought the Hollander twice prosperously which brought over into England four Embassadours extraordinary to sollicite a Peace these using pecuniary Perswasions so far prevailed with the Protector as made him balance the publick Concernments with his private Interest and so granted their desires The Peace being thus concluded and published the people of England were then perswaded to a general Thanksgiving by a Declaration partly made up of nine Verses out of the 107 Psalm To make observation on Englands Profit by this Peace is needless that I will leave for the Merchant to rejoyce in Actions of State are like the Billows of the Sea one designe drives forward another as they are agitated by the Princes breath No sooner was peace proclaimed abroad but Plots commenced at home the chief Designers were two Gerrards Brothers one Jones an Apothecary Teuder Fow and Vowel some of these through mercy were saved but Vowel and Gerrard must suffer for example In the same Juncture of time fell out an arrogant exploit of Don Pantaleon Sa brother to the Portugal Embassadour this man being followed by a fanatique Crew came one evening to the New Exhange armed with Swords Pistols and Hand-granadoes what the original provocative to this designe was is uncertain however one wrapt in Buff a bold Blade no doubt being followed by Knights of Malta Foot-boys and the like ascended the Staiers into the upper Exchange where firing a Pistol a Gentleman there walking was slain There happened to be walking the same time this Gerrard above-mentioned he seeing their Countenances not so swarthy as this deed was sable draws his Rapier and with a magnanimous spirit drove them all before him down staiers The Lord Protector having notice of these Portugals frollique upon examination resolved to proceed thereupon without respect of persons and to make the chiefest Actor an example of Justice which being found to be the Embassadours Brother he was condemned for this ridiculous riot and executed at Tower-hill on the same Scaffold though for different causes with generous Gerrard The eyes of the Spectators never beheld such different tempers in two men Gerrard no way appald in countenance or behaviour like a true English man out-braved Death on the very Block His body being removed out of sight up came Don Pontaleon Sa the Portugal with a body too heavy for its supporters and a countenance which sufficiently demonstrated that the terrour of his heart had in a manner made him insensible of the smart of the Executioners Ax so that many present believed his head served onely to satisfie the Law his life being already fled through fear But now on a suddain there breaks forth an Insurrection in the Highlands of Scotland these mountanous people having little to loose but their lives would ever be trying to shake the English yoak from off their necks The chief bellows to blow these miserable men to destruction was the Earl of Glencarne a man whose industry was ever pregnant in contriving new designes against the English he having now drawn together a considerable strength proclaimed to his fellows what great assistance would be wafted over to them from the Low Countries by which means it
children God took them at their word For not to mention what some affirm that a bloudy issue hath ever since hereditarily descended upon them not long after according to Christs prophecy their City was destroyed their Temple not on stone left upon another and themselves ceasing to be a Nation became with Cain Fugitives and Vagabonds upon the Earth having now according to that prophecie of Hosea been many dayes yea many years without a King and without a Prince and without a sacrifice and without an image and without an Ephod and without a teraphim being dispersed amongst all Nations and hated by all people remaining nevertheless in such a degree of contumacious obduration that here in England whither some of them wandred they crucified children in despight to and derision of the name of Christ For which and other execrable practices they were justly expelled this Nation by King Edward the first in the year of Christs incarnation 1291. And so willing were the people then to be rid of them that for this Act of that King the Commons in Parliament freely granted him a whole Fifteenth Thus they were expulsed and ever since for the space of 364 years they have been excluded without the publike permission of so much as one Synagogue in England But this our Protector having a large I say not conscience but heart and being of tender bowels his charity extended so far as to plead for the re-entertainment of these guests to which purpose he propounded it to several eminent Ministers for their approbation alleadging that since there is a promise of their Conversion means must be used to that end which is the preaching of the Gospel and that cannot be had except they be permitted to reside where the Gospel is preached But by his leave when Gods good time is come there shall not be means wanting to accomplish that work which being of an extraordinary nature is not like to be done by ordinary means Besides such was then and yet is the temper of the people of England so full of diversities in opinions and reduced to such an indifferencie in matters of Religion that it is more then probable the number of their Proselytes would have exceeded that of our Converts But this is not all for it seems our Protectors charity that we mentioned before according to the Proverb began at home he had a promise of 200000 l. from the Jews in case he procured their Toleration here as saith Mr. Prynne in his Narrative p. 56. which sweet morsel he had swallowed by thus gratifying them had not the design been opposed by Arguments as sharp as weapons of STEEL The War with Spain beginning now to wax warm not onely under the Torrid Zone but likewise Northwards of the Tropick the Protector thought it best to annoy this Enemy in as many places as possible which could not well be brought about without a Peace with France which being effected roome might be made for English Feet to tread Flemish ground The French at this time earnestly desired the same for their chief minister of State Cardinal Mazarine saw every Champaign how prejudicious it was to his Masters Affairs in Flanders especially in besieging a Sea-Port Town to be without correspondencie with England This gave the Protector not onely opportunity of making up the long continued feud that had been betwixt the two Nations but to do it on very advantagious terms wherein the French King was content to deny himself in sending out of his Dominions his near relations the Stuarts which kindness the Protector requited with sending him 6000 Foot-Souldiers Thus the alliance was contracted The impediments that hindered Peace with France being past over to the Protectors great content he set himself wholy to a thorow prosecution of his Wars with Spain For this purpose the two Generals Blake and Montague had with a strong Navie long beleaguered the Port of Cadiz by Sea and with many provocations endeavoured to dare out an Enemy but the grave-pac'd Spaniard durst not step one stride to drive the English from his coasts but rather waited the lucky hour when scarcity of provisions or distress by weather would do the work to his hand and save the Limbs and Lives of many good Catholicks which might miscarry in forcing the English farther off But this piece of Policy little prevailed for when the Fleet wanted water and other necessaries the Generals found out a way to supply it by sayling to the Bay of Wyers in Portugal whence they were recruted in the mean time leaving behind Captain Stayner with a Squadron of seven Ships to have an eye on Cadiz Now it hapned that in the absence of the Generals a stiff gale of wind forc't Stainer to ply it off to Sea which brought him upon the discovery of an excellent object it was the King of Spaines Plate-Fleet richly laden with Gold Silver Pearl and other good commodities newly brought from the Indies The Spaniards at the first sight of the English Frigats took them for Fisher-boats which indeed they were in a sense for Captain Stainers work was to fish for gold and now seeing so fair a shole swimming he thought he would be sure to catch some considerable quantity or lose his life in the attempt wherefore with these three the Speaker Bridgwater and Plymouth Frigats the remaining part of the Squadron being driven to Leeward he gallantly fell upon the Spanish great Galleons which were seven in number and plyed them so sore with great shot that in few hours the whole Fleet was quite spoyled one whereof was sunk another burnt two forc'd on ground one run away and two remained in the Conquerours hands which were safely conveyed to England and very joyfully received by the Protector who set apart a particular day to give God thanks for this good success The Protector being much necessitated for money and withal impatient to tarry longer for a Confirmation of his Dignity by the People which although he could not obtain of the preceding Parliament he hoped he might gain of another this perswaded him to attempt once more a new Representative Which being resolved upon he issued out Writs for Election throughout the three Nations But remembring the Speeches and carriage of some in the late Parliament private intimation was given to certain persons in several Counties to obstruct if possible their Election again in this ensuing Session yet for all this the generality of people being swayed by respect made choyce of them they thought sit and such as were most able to carry on the weighty affairs of the Common-wealth Septemb. 17. 1656 being appointed for the general meeting at Westminster the Members accordingly made their appearance at the Parliament House where they found quite contrary to the ancient Priviledge of Parliament that no Members could enter into the House except they were first tyed up in a promise Not to act any thing prejudicial to the present Government Many of the Members would not bite
little and onely drank of Rhenish Wine afterwards General Montague shewed him all the parts and places of this excellent ship which so highly pleased the Cardinal that he protested Of all the sights he ever saw none in his life pleased him like this With this great satisfaction he returned again to the Shore and as at his comming for a welcome so again at his departure all the Men of War gave him their broad sides for a farewel The yeer gliding thus away in Victories and Triumphs Dunkirk inforc'd to grow under the shade of the English Oake and all prospering so well in Flanders as if Mars himselfe had born the English Banners caused endearing congratulations mutually to pass between the Protector and his Cozens of France The Lord Fawconbridge being made one of the blood by Matrimony carryed the first complement to Calice and there presented it to the King which was quickly after returned back again by Monsieur Mancini nephew to Cardinal Mazarine and the Duke de Crequi these arrived at London to present their respects which having done they returned with high satisfaction These being departed another far-less-welcom Messenger arrived at the English Court even Death it self who came to require of our great Cromwel what was his due by Nature Him no Arguments can perswade nor Policies evade here Prayers and Tears prevail not neither can money bribe him Promises of Preferment signifie nothing with him for he lays all earthly Honour in the dust His fatal Sickle cuts down all The first Symptomes of this great mans last sickness appeared presently upon the death of his Daughter Cleypole whose end is thought by many to have hastened his dissolution About the beginning of October his distemper discovered it self to be an Ague which conspiring with a combination of other malignant distempers so depressed his vitals that he fell into many Trances before his final exit the intervals of which wherein he gained some repose he spent in conferences with Dr. Owen Dr. Goodwin and several other Divines and with his Privie Counsellors with these about the Succession here with the other about his own possession hereafter To succeed him in the Protectorship he appointed his eldest Son Richard In the evening before his departure he was heard to pray thus Lord I am a miserable Creature yet I am in Covenant with thee through grace and I may I will come unto thee for thy people Lord thou hast made me though very unworthy a mean Instrument to do them some good and thee service and many of them had too high value of me though others would be glad of my fall but Lord howsoever thou disposest of me do good for them Give consistencie of Judgment one heart and mutual love unto them Let the name of Christ be glorious throughout the world Teach those who look with much affection to thy Instrument to depend more upon thee Pardon such as delight to trample upon the ashes of a worm for they are thy people too And Pardon the folly of this short Prayer even for Jesus Christ his sake Afterwards his sickness violently increasing upon him it separated his soul from his body on Friday the third of September 1658. near three of the clock in the afternoon death then became a Conquerour and overcame him that before had vanquished the Scotch Armies twice on the same day of the year The Corpse presently after his expiration being embalmed and wrapped up in a Sheet of Lead was on the twenty sixt of September about ten at night privately removed from White-Hall in a mourning Herse attended by his domestick Servants to Somerset-House where it remained in private for some days till all things were in readiness for publike view which being accomplished his Effigies was with great state magnificence exposed openly multitudes daily flocking to see the sight which appeared in this order The first room where the Spectators entered was wholly hung with black at the upper end whereof was placed a Cloath and Chair of State In like manner was the second and third rooms all having Scutcheons very thick upon the Walls and Guards of Partizans placed in each room for people to pass through The fourth room was compleatly hung with black Velvet the Ceiling being of the same here lay the Effigies with a large Canopy of black Velvet fringed which hung over it The Waxen Picture lying upon it's back was apparel'd in a rich Suit of Velvet robed in a little Robe of Purple-Velvet laced with a rich gold Lace and furr'd with Ermins upon the Kirtle was a large Robe of Purple-Velvet laced and furr'd as the former with rich strings and tassels of gold The Kirtle was girt with a rich embroydered Belt wherein was a Sword bravely guilt and hatched with gold which hung by the side of this fine thing In the right hand was a Scepter in the left a Globe upon his head was placed a Purple-Velvet Cap furr'd with Ermines sutable to the Robes behind the head was placed a rich Chair of Tissued Gold whereon was placed an Imperial Crown which lay high that the people might behold it The Bed of State whereon he lay was covered with a large Pall of black Velvet under which was a Holland sheet borne up by six stools covered with Cloath of gold About the Bed was placed a compleat suit of Armes and at the feet of the Effigies stood his Crest This bed had fixt about it an Ascent of two steps a little from thence stood eight silver Candlesticks about five foot high with white wax Tapers standing in them of three foot long All these things were environed with Rails and Ballasters four-square covered with Velvet at each corner whereof there was erected an upright Pillar which bore on their tops Lions and Dragons who held in their Paws Streamers crowned On both sides of the Bed were set up in sockets four great Standards of the Protectors Armes with Banners and Banrols of War painted upon Taffaty About the Bed stood men in Mourning bare-headed and without the Rails others to receive people in and turn them out again When this Shew had been seen for many weeks together the Scoene was then altered the Efsigies being removed into another room it was there set up standing upon an Ascent under a Cloath of State being vested as it was before lying onely now his Purple-Velvet Cap was changed for a Crown In the same manner as formerly were men waiting upon him bare-headed In this posture he continued until the 23 of November which day was appointed to carry him with all solemnity to Westminster Abby This great Funeral was performed with very great Majesty in this manner following All things being in readiness the Waxen Picture of the Protector with a Crown on his head a Sword by his side a Globe and Scepter in his Hands was taken down from his standing and laid in an open Chariot covered all over with black Velvet adorned with Plumes and Scurcheons and drawn