1135._o 18._o eric_n edmund_n a_o pious_a and_o good_a king_n succeed_v his_o uncle_n nicolas_n and_o be_v barbarous_o murder_v by_o one_o plag_n sorte_n a_o nobleman_n of_o jutland_n in_o his_o own_o palace_n in_o the_o year_n 1139._o 19_o eric_n lamb_n succeed_v his_o uncle_n eric_n edmund_n he_o lay_v down_o his_o sceptre_n and_o put_v himself_o into_o a_o monastery_n at_o odensee_n in_o funen_n where_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1147._o 20._o swain_n gratenhede_v eric_n emund_n son_n get_v the_o crown_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o kinsman_n eric_n lamb._n in_o this_o man_n day_n there_o be_v three_o king_n of_o denmark_n at_o the_o same_o time_n some_o run_v after_o cnute_n king_n nicolas_n grandchild_n other_o follow_v waldemar_n son_n to_o cnute_n duke_n of_o flanders_n after_o some_o skirmish_n in_o which_o both_o swain_n and_o cnute_n be_v slay_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v rule_v by_o 21._o waldemar_n surname_v the_o great_a he_o be_v lord_n of_o all_o the_o country_n on_o the_o north_n of_o the_o elb_n and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1182_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n to_o his_o son_n 22._o cnute_n he_o brave_o maintain_v a_o war_n against_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n who_o will_v needs_o demand_v homage_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n he_o die_v at_o ringstede_n in_o the_o year_n 1202._o 23._o waldemar_n ii_o cnute_n brother_n he_o new_o model_v the_o danish_a conquer_v norway_n and_o set_v over_o it_o a_o viceroy_n vanquish_v and_o put_v to_o flight_v the_o emperor_n otto_n who_o think_v to_o have_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o holslein_n and_o have_v reign_v victorious_o thirty-nine_a year_n dye_v in_o the_o year_n 1241_o crantzius_n say_v 1242_o 24._o eric_n plog-penning_a waldemar_n son_n he_o be_v take_v at_o sleswic_n and_o slay_v by_o his_o brother_n 25._o abel_n who_o reign_v wicked_o two_o year_n and_o be_v then_o murder_v by_o his_o rebellious_a subject_n in_o the_o year_n 1252._o 26._o christopher_z i._o brother_n to_o eric_n and_o abel_n he_o live_v in_o a_o continual_a war_n with_o his_o own_o people_n to_o who_o rebellion_n be_v now_o grow_v natural_a some_o of_o the_o danish_a chronicle_n say_v he_o be_v at_o last_o in_o the_o year_n 1259_o poison_v by_o arnefast_a bishop_n of_o arhuse_v as_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o seven_o be_v afterward_o by_o bernardine_n the_o monk_n with_o the_o eucharist_n 27._o eric_n glip_v king_n christopher_n son_n who_o be_v seat_v in_o his_o father_n throne_n give_v himself_o up_o to_o all_o manner_n of_o lewdness_n and_o debauchery_n his_o whole_a life_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o catalogue_n of_o his_o oppression_n sacrilege_n murder_n and_o whoredom_n after_o a_o long_a uninterrupted_a course_n of_o wickedness_n sleep_v one_o night_n in_o a_o barn_n at_o findetorp_n a_o small_a village_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o wiberg_n he_o be_v murder_v with_o fifty-six_a some_o say_v seventy_o wound_v give_v he_o by_o seven_o ruffian_n hire_v to_o dispatch_v he_o by_o andrew_n stigot_n marshal_n of_o danemark_n who_o wife_n he_o have_v ravish_v and_o some_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n in_o the_o year_n 1286._o 28._o eric_n menved_a glipping_n son_n he_o be_v as_o godly_a a_o prince_n as_o his_o father_n be_v impious_a the_o murderer_n of_o his_o father_n have_v conspire_v his_o death_n but_o be_v prevent_v by_o providence_n which_o protect_v he_o both_o from_o the_o lewd_a life_n and_o miserable_a death_n of_o his_o ancestor_n so_o that_o he_o die_v as_o he_o have_v live_v peaceable_o in_o the_o year_n 1319_o and_o be_v bury_v at_o ringstad_n where_o his_o epitaph_n be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v as_o follow_v ego_fw-la ericus_n quondam_a daniae_fw-la rex_fw-la regnans_fw-la ann_n xxxij_o rectus_n justiciarius_n pauperum_fw-la &_o divitum_fw-la ubi_fw-la jus_o habuerunt_fw-la oro_fw-la omnes_fw-la quibus_fw-la aliquid_fw-la forefeci_fw-la ut_fw-la mihi_fw-la per_fw-la svam_fw-la gratiam_fw-la indulgeant_fw-la &_o orent_fw-la pro_fw-la anima_fw-la mea_fw-la qui_fw-la obii_fw-la a._n d._n 1319._o die_v beati_fw-la brixij_fw-la episcopi_fw-la &_o confessoris_fw-la 29._o christopher_n ii_o menved_n brother_n he_o tread_v in_o his_o father_n step_n and_o end_v his_o day_n like_o he_o he_o be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v a_o unfortunate_a sluggish_a cruel_a and_o perfidious_a prince_n a_o hater_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o hate_v by_o the_o commonalty_n have_v he_o have_v any_o sense_n of_o religion_n policy_n or_o common_a honesty_n in_o he_o he_o may_v have_v be_v a_o happy_a prince_n for_o never_o be_v the_o dane_n more_o unwilling_a to_o rebel_v and_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o their_o king_n then_o in_o his_o day_n though_o never_o more_o provoke_v to_o it_o have_v linger_v out_o a_o reign_n of_o about_o thirteen_o year_n he_o die_v at_o last_o forsake_v of_o all_o neglect_v and_o unpityed_a at_o nicope_a in_o the_o isle_n of_o falster_n in_o the_o year_n 1333._o after_o this_o king_n death_n the_o dane_n seem_v to_o be_v weary_a of_o a_o supreme_a sovereign_n and_o resolve_v not_o to_o set_v any_o more_o over_o they_o they_o fancy_v it_o be_v more_o eligible_a to_o have_v no_o king_n at_o all_o then_o such_o as_o they_o have_v the_o bad_a luck_n to_o meet_v with_o a_o sot_n or_o a_o tyrant_n but_o after_o fifteen_o year_n confusion_n they_o find_v it_o be_v better_a to_o have_v a_o akeing_n head_n than_o none_o at_o all_o whereupon_o weary_a of_o their_o new_a anarchy_n they_o resolve_v to_o establish_v in_o the_o throne_n of_o his_o father_n 30._o waldemar_n iii_o king_n christopher_n son_n who_o recollect_v the_o scatter_a member_n of_o the_o kingdom_n into_o one_o body_n and_o dismount_v most_o of_o the_o usurper_n without_o any_o great_a bloodshed_n he_o be_v represent_v as_o a_o prince_n of_o great_a subtlety_n avarice_n and_o boldness_n when_o pope_n gregory_n xi_o threaten_a to_o excommunicate_v he_o for_o his_o saucy_a behaviour_n and_o slight_v of_o the_o apostolic_a see_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v return_v this_o answer_n valdemarus_n rex_fw-la daniae_fw-la etc._n etc._n romano_n pontifici_fw-la salutem_fw-la vitam_fw-la habemus_fw-la a_o deo_fw-la regnum_fw-la ab_fw-la incolis_fw-la divitias_fw-la a_o parentibus_fw-la fidem_fw-la vero_fw-la a_o tuis_fw-la praedecessoribus_fw-la quam_fw-la si_fw-la nobis_fw-la non_fw-la fave_n remittimus_fw-la per_fw-la praesentes_fw-la vale._n i_o e._n waldemar_n king_n of_o denmark_n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n send_v greeting_n we_o hold_v our_o life_n from_o god_n our_o kingdom_n from_o our_o subject_n our_o riches_n from_o our_o parent_n and_o our_o faith_n from_o thy_o predecessor_n which_o if_o thou_o will_v not_o grant_v we_o any_o long_a we_o do_v by_o these_o present_v resign_v farewell_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1375_o and_o be_v bury_v by_o his_o father_n at_o sora._n 31._o margaret_n king_n waldemar_n daughter_n be_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o her_o father_n crown_v queen_n of_o denmark_n and_o manage_v the_o 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character_n
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be_v publish_v by_o mr._n lambard_n you_o have_v the_o other_o two_o sort_n describe_v the_o first_o that_o thorough_o abolish_v all_o kind_n of_o ordale_n in_o denmark_n be_v king_n waldemar_n the_o second_o about_o the_o year_n 1240_o at_o the_o request_n of_o pope_n innocent_a the_o three_o who_o think_v it_o a_o intolerable_a and_o heinous_a impiety_n thus_o to_o tempt_v god_n barclay_n in_o his_o icon_n animorum_fw-la wonder_n that_o such_o innumerable_a swarm_n of_o man_n shall_v sally_v out_o of_o these_o part_n as_o be_v able_a to_o overrun_v the_o great_a part_n of_o europe_n whereas_o at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v such_o a_o scarcity_n of_o inhabitant_n that_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n be_v hardly_o able_a to_o wage_v war_n with_o any_o of_o his_o neighbour_n without_o a_o supply_n of_o soldier_n out_o of_o foreign_a country_n but_o this_o be_v no_o such_o great_a miracle_n when_o we_o consider_v how_o the_o vast_a empire_n in_o the_o world_n assyria_n egypt_n judaea_n and_o rome_n itself_o vain_o flatter_v with_o the_o name_n of_o vrbs_fw-la aeterna_fw-la have_v have_v their_o period_n the_o great_a strength_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n as_o of_o all_o prince_n of_o isle_n consist_v chief_o in_o the_o number_n of_o their_o mariner_n and_o good_a ship_n in_o all_o skirmish_n and_o war_n between_o the_o dane_n and_o swede_n it_o be_v obvious_a to_o observe_v how_o much_o the_o latter_a have_v usual_o prevail_v at_o land_n and_o the_o former_a at_o sea_n christian_n the_o second_o upon_o a_o short_a warning_n fit_v out_o a_o hundred_o good_a man_n of_o war_n to_o aid_n henry_n the_o second_o king_n of_o france_n against_o the_o english_a and_o this_o present_a king_n have_v a_o much_o large_a fleet_n always_o ready_a for_o action_n the_o danish_a king_n can_v afford_v to_o build_v yearly_o twelve_o man_n of_o war_n without_o impoverish_v his_o exchequer_n and_o in_o this_o naval_a force_n the_o
unanimous_a be_v sufficient_a to_o defend_v the_o whole_a island_n against_o a_o potent_a enemy_n the_o language_n ancient_o speak_v in_o rugen_n be_v a_o dialect_n of_o the_o slavonian_a or_o wendish_n tongue_n language_n language_n but_o after_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n assist_v by_o the_o citizen_n of_o stralsund_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v hereafter_o have_v possession_n of_o the_o island_n the_o wendish_n manner_n and_o language_n be_v utter_o abolish_v insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v record_v in_o the_o annal_n of_o rugen_n as_o a_o memorable_a thing_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1404_o there_o be_v one_o old_a woman_n leave_v in_o the_o isle_n that_o understand_v perfect_o and_o can_v speak_v the_o slavonian_a tongue_n at_o this_o day_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n speak_v the_o language_n of_o the_o low_a saxon_n and_o some_o few_o especial_o where_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n officer_n keep_v their_o residence_n speak_v swedish_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o isle_n be_v the_o last_o of_o all_o the_o northern_a nation_n that_o be_v convert_v from_o their_o idolatry_n and_o paganism_n religion_n religion_n and_o embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n helmondus_n seem_v to_o point_v more_o especial_o at_o the_o rugian_o when_o he_o say_v inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la autem_fw-la borealium_fw-la populos_fw-la sola_fw-la slavorum_n provincia_n remansit_fw-la caeteris_fw-la durior_fw-la atque_fw-la ad_fw-la credendum_fw-la tardior_fw-la however_o about_o the_o year_n 813_o a_o company_n of_o hardy_a monk_n venture_v to_o preach_v up_o christianity_n to_o these_o stubborn_a people_n and_o succeed_v so_o well_o in_o the_o undertake_n as_o in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n to_o bring_v over_o a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o to_o the_o true_a faith_n but_o they_o as_o quick_o abandon_v christianity_n and_o relapse_v into_o their_o former_a idolatry_n for_o as_o upon_o the_o first_o preach_v of_o the_o gospel_n in_o lycaonia_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o country_n be_v ready_a to_o do_v sacrifice_n to_o st._n barnabas_n and_o st._n paul_n under_o the_o name_n of_o jupiter_n and_o mercury_n so_o these_o poor_a people_n mistake_v god_n minister_n for_o god_n himself_o idolise_v st._n vite_fw-la a_o poor_a monk_n that_o have_v undertake_v their_o conversion_n by_o the_o name_n of_o swant_n which_o name_n be_v afterward_o give_v to_o a_o monstrous_a four_o head_a image_n which_o they_o worship_v in_o a_o sumptuous_a temple_n to_o this_o idol_n all_o the_o rugian_o repair_v as_o to_o a_o oracle_n for_o advice_n and_o the_o foreign_a merchant_n that_o have_v make_v a_o safe_a voyage_n be_v oblige_v to_o offer_v up_o some_o of_o their_o best_a merchandise_n as_o a_o tribute_n of_o thanksgiving_n to_o this_o grand_a tutelary_a god_n of_o the_o island_n three_o hundred_o horse_n be_v keep_v constant_o for_o the_o service_n of_o swant_n one_o whereof_o be_v white_a and_o never_o rid_v but_o by_o the_o chief_a priest_n this_o horse_n be_v now_o and_o then_o show_v to_o the_o people_n in_o a_o morning_n all_o over_o besmear_v with_o dirt_n and_o sweat_n the_o priest_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n protest_v to_o the_o multitude_n that_o swant_n himself_o have_v bring_v the_o beast_n into_o that_o pickle_n by_o engage_v with_o and_o pursue_v the_o enemy_n of_o rugen_n the_o night_n before_o the_o manner_n of_o worship_v this_o idol_n which_o stand_v in_o arcona_n the_o famous_a city_n in_o old_a rugen_n before_o mention_v be_v thus_o the_o chief_a priest_n look_v into_o a_o horn_n which_o the_o image_n hold_v in_o its_o right_a hand_n and_o which_o have_v be_v fill_v the_o year_n before_o with_o a_o precious_a liquor_n prognosticate_v from_o the_o good_a quantity_n or_o scarcity_n of_o the_o liquor_n therein_o contain_v the_o plenty_n or_o dearth_n of_o the_o year_n follow_v that_o do_v with_o his_o lip_n shut_v for_o fear_v of_o harm_v the_o idol_n with_o his_o breath_n he_o very_o solemn_o pour_v out_o the_o remain_a liquor_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o image_n and_o have_v replenish_v it_o afresh_o place_v it_o again_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o reverence_n in_o the_o god_n right_a hand_n whence_o he_o have_v take_v it_o down_o these_o ceremony_n be_v end_v the_o rest_n of_o that_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o anniversary_n feast_v and_o jollity_n in_o this_o miserable_a condition_n the_o rugian_o continue_v for_o some_o age_n until_o by_o a_o continual_a conversation_n with_o their_o neighbour_n the_o pomeranian_o they_o be_v almost_o insensible_o turn_v christian_n and_o about_o five_o hundred_o year_n ago_o at_o last_o whole_o quit_v their_o idolatrous_a practice_n and_o at_o this_o day_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o rugen_n be_v as_o zealous_a assertor_n and_o maintainer_n of_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n as_o any_o german_n whatever_n the_o isle_n be_v ancient_o govern_v by_o prince_n of_o its_o own_o grammar_n grammar_n who_o dominion_n reach_v beyond_o the_o narrow_a boundary_n the_o sea_n have_v set_v they_o a_o great_a way_n into_o pomeren_n take_v in_o all_o the_o territory_n near_o stralsund_n gripswald_n and_o other_o place_n now_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n antiquity_n will_v afford_v we_o a_o register_n of_o eleven_o prince_n of_o rugen_n and_o those_o in_o the_o follow_a order_n 1._o wislaus_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v prince_n of_o rugen_n in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n otho_n i._o about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 938._o 2._o grimus_fw-la remarkable_a for_o nothing_o but_o his_o fill_v up_o a_o space_n in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o these_o prince_n 3._o cruco_n or_o crito_n at_o the_o same_o time_n prince_n of_o rugen_n and_o petty_a king_n of_o the_o obatriti_n in_o the_o year_n 1100_o who_o after_o he_o have_v for_o some_o year_n exercise_v idolatry_n and_o tyranny_n in_o his_o dominion_n be_v depose_v and_o slay_v by_o henry_n son_n of_o gothscalc_n another_o inconsiderable_a king_n of_o the_o say_v obitriti_n at_o the_o entreaty_n of_o his_o wife_n schlavine_n daughter_n to_o swantibor_n i._o prince_n of_o pomeren_n 4._o raze_v a_o great_a warrior_n who_o besiege_v lubec_n and_o take_v it_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1141._o 5._o teslaus_n a_o prince_n who_o have_v continual_a war_n with_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n two_o whereof_z eric_n vi._n and_o sueno_n iii_o he_o as_o often_o overcome_v as_o he_o be_v beat_v by_o they_o but_o at_o last_o be_v utter_o vanquish_v and_o make_v tributary_n by_o king_n waldemar_n 6._o jarimar_n teslaus_n brother_n the_o first_o prince_n of_o rugen_n that_o embrace_v christianity_n 7._o barmita_n arimar'_v son_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1241._o 8._o witzlaus_n ii_o barmita_n brother_n and_o founder_n of_o the_o monastery_n at_o campen_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1247._o 9_o jarimar_n ii_o witzlaus_n the_o second_o be_v son_n who_o immediate_o after_o his_o admittance_n to_o the_o government_n rebel_v against_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o at_o last_o after_o many_o engagement_n get_v himself_o and_o his_o successor_n ease_v from_o that_o yoke_n in_o the_o year_n 1259._o 10._o witzlaus_n iii_o jarimar_n the_o second_o be_v son_n a_o great_a promoter_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n in_o liefland_n where_o himself_o sometime_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o office_n of_o a_o priest_n preach_v christianity_n to_o the_o poor_a infidel_n of_o those_o part_n 11._o witzlaus_n iv_o the_o last_o prince_n of_o rugen_n of_o this_o family_n upon_o the_o unruly_a growth_n of_o the_o great_a city_n of_o stralsund_n the_o merchant_n and_o burgher_n find_v themselves_o able_a enough_o to_o grapple_v with_o this_o prince_n be_v resolve_v to_o be_v no_o long_o subject_n to_o he_o or_o any_o of_o his_o successor_n if_o by_o violence_n or_o otherwise_o they_o can_v procure_v their_o liberty_n whereupon_o they_o open_o proclaim_v themselves_o a_o free_a city_n declare_v that_o neither_o the_o prince_n of_o rugen_n nor_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n can_v lawful_o pretend_v to_o exact_v any_o tribute_n or_o homage_n from_o the_o citizen_n of_o stralsund_n upon_o the_o noise_n of_o this_o revolt_n prince_n witzlaus_n assist_v by_o some_o of_o the_o neighbour_a king_n and_o prince_n besiege_v stralsund_v demand_v submission_n together_o with_o a_o humble_a acknowledgement_n of_o their_o unpardonable_a crime_n in_o dare_v to_o make_v so_o traitorous_a a_o revolt_n but_o in_o vain_a for_o the_o stralsunder_v not_o only_o persist_v in_o the_o resolution_n of_o assert_v their_o liberty_n to_o the_o last_o but_o brave_o withstand_v the_o assault_n of_o witzlaus_n and_o his_o associate_n and_o after_o many_o hot_a dispute_n slay_v this_o prince_n in_o a_o sally_n thereby_o put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o controversy_n and_o whole_a lineage_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o rugen_n in_o the_o year_n 1325._o after_o this_o the_o island_n of_o rugen_n with_o other_o part_n of_o that_o principality_n upon_o the_o continent_n come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o
and_o charles_n ix_o who_o the_o swede_n have_v set_v up_o king_n in_o his_o place_n these_o gustavus_n adolphus_n continue_v and_o in_o they_o overrun_v almost_o all_o liefland_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1629_o a_o truce_n be_v make_v for_o six_o year_n upon_o these_o term_n that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n shall_v enjoy_v all_o he_o have_v win_v this_o truce_n be_v again_o renew_v for_o 26_o year_n more_o a.d._n 1635._o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o ambassador_n from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n and_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n in_o the_o year_n 1654._o whilst_o a_o great_a part_n of_o lithvania_n be_v lay_v waist_n by_o the_o moscovite_n charles_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n before_o the_o 26_o year_n be_v expire_v proclaim_a war_n against_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n allege_v among_o other_o thing_n as_o a_o reason_n for_o his_o proceed_n that_o the_o polish_v ambassador_n at_o stockholm_n have_v protest_v against_o his_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n at_o the_o beginning_n the_o fortune_n of_o the_o war_n go_v much_o on_o his_o side_n but_o within_o a_o short_a while_o the_o dane_n make_v incursion_n into_o sweden_n force_v he_o to_o quit_v poland_n and_o be_v more_o concern_v to_o defend_v what_o he_o have_v at_o home_n then_o to_o seek_v for_o new_a conquest_n abroad_o however_o the_o war_n still_o continue_v till_o a.d._n 1660._o when_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o charles_n gustavus_n peace_n be_v establish_v between_o the_o two_o kingdom_n at_o oliva_n a_o monastery_n near_o dantzic_n of_o which_o these_o be_v some_o of_o the_o article_n that_o john_n casimir_n king_n of_o poland_n shall_v for_o ever_o renounce_v all_o pretension_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n and_o principality_n of_o finland_n that_o he_o shall_v only_o challenge_v the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o sweden_n for_o his_o life_n but_o not_o make_v use_n of_o it_o in_o any_o of_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o swedish_n king_n that_o he_o shall_v deliver_v up_o to_o the_o swede_n all_v that_o part_n of_o liefland_n which_o lie_v beyond_o the_o river_n duna_n and_o disclaim_v all_o right_a and_o title_n to_o esten_n and_o oesel_n and_o whatever_o on_o this_o side_n the_o duna_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n during_o the_o truce_n that_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n shall_v still_o keep_v the_o southern_a liefland_n in_o which_o be_v reckon_v duneburg_n rositen_n luzen_n marienhusen_n etc._n etc._n this_o country_n be_v long_o subject_a to_o paganism_n and_o idolatry_n until_o about_o the_o year_n 1158_o it_o begin_v to_o be_v frequent_v by_o merchant_n from_o lubeck_n who_o get_v leave_v of_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o build_v a_o small_a chapel_n in_o a_o island_n upon_o the_o duna_n thence_o call_v kircholm_n for_o the_o exercise_n of_o christian_a worship_n afterward_o menard_n a_o monk_n of_o segeberg_n be_v consecrate_v bishop_n of_o liefland_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n and_o send_v over_o by_o the_o merchant_n to_o propagate_v christianity_n in_o these_o part_n his_o seat_n be_v at_o vxkel_n a_o small_a village_n upon_o the_o duna_n not_o far_o from_o riga_n bertholdus_n a_o monk_n of_o bremen_n of_o the_o order_n of_o st._n paul_n succeed_v he_o in_o his_o bishopric_n he_o be_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o riga_n whither_o he_o remove_v his_o see_n but_o live_v not_o long_o to_o enjoy_v it_o there_o for_o endeavour_v to_o promote_v christianity_n more_o by_o the_o sword_n than_o spirit_n he_o be_v overcome_v and_o slay_v by_o the_o pagan_n albertus_n bertholdus_n immediate_a successor_n fortify_v riga_n and_o make_v it_o a_o city_n that_o do_v he_o join_v himself_o to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sword_n bearer_n a_o order_n of_o knighthood_n confirm_v by_o pope_n innocent_a the_o three_o about_o the_o year_n 1204_o hope_v thereby_o to_o be_v better_a able_a than_o his_o predecessor_n have_v be_v to_o oppose_v the_o rage_n of_o the_o heathen_a not_o long_o after_o when_o this_o order_n be_v change_v into_o the_o teutonic_n order_n the_o bishop_n of_o riga_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o society_n subject_v themselves_o to_o the_o teutonic_n order_n of_o prussia_n the_o master_n of_o which_o have_v power_n give_v he_o to_o appoint_v a_o provincial_n of_o liefland_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o prussian_a bishop_n of_o culm_n pomesen_n and_o sambland_n do_v though_o not_o at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o advance_v the_o power_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o riga_n make_v he_o a_o archbishop_n and_o themselves_o his_o suffragans_fw-la only_o the_o bishop_n of_o warm_a as_o have_v never_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o teutonic_n order_n will_v not_o yield_v to_o be_v reckon_v a_o member_n of_o the_o province_n of_o riga_n in_o this_o state_n the_o church_n of_o liefland_n continue_v for_o a_o long_a time_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1513_o william_n plettenberg_n the_o xli_o provincial_n of_o liefland_n buy_v off_o all_o homage_n to_o the_o teutonic_n order_n in_o prussia_n and_o be_v himself_o make_v absolute_a prince_n of_o liefland_n his_o successor_n live_v and_o enjoy_v their_o dominion_n in_o peace_n till_o the_o day_n of_o sigismond_n augustus_n king_n of_o poland_n but_o afterward_o what_o with_o foreign_a and_o domestic_a war_n and_o the_o continual_a incursion_n of_o the_o moscovite_n polander_n swede_n and_o dane_n the_o country_n be_v bring_v to_o be_v a_o mere_a medley_n of_o man_n and_o religion_n at_o this_o day_n those_o part_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o dane_n and_o swede_n do_v general_o profess_v the_o lutheran_n religion_n most_o of_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n adhere_v to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n though_o some_o be_v lutheran_n in_o some_o part_n of_o esten_n the_o poor_a ignorant_a rustic_n be_v half_a pagan_n liefland_n be_v former_o divide_v into_o two_o part_n only_o let_v and_o esten_n to_o which_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sword_n bearer_n add_v curland_n some_o have_v divide_v the_o whole_a country_n into_o six_o part_n curland_n semigal_n esten_n let_v harland_n and_o virland_n but_o semigal_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o province_n of_o curland_n and_o harland_n and_o virland_n part_n of_o esten_n of_o these_o curland_n be_v immediate_o subject_a to_o its_o own_o duke_n who_o nevertheless_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n some_o part_n also_o of_o let_v which_o go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o south_n liefland_n be_v since_o the_o treaty_n at_o oliva_n in_o that_o king_n possession_n the_o curoni_n ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o curland_n and_o semigal_n be_v think_v by_o some_o to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o caryones_n mention_v by_o ptolomey_n there_o be_v not_o far_o from_o windaw_n a_o small_a village_n which_o still_o bear_v their_o memory_n in_o its_o name_n be_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o this_o day_n call_v curon_n the_o most_o notable_a place_n in_o it_o be_v 1._o mitaw_fw-mi the_o seat_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o curland_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n mauss_n take_v by_o gustavus_n adolphus_n in_o the_o year_n 1621._o but_o restore_v a.d._n 1629._o the_o town_n be_v but_o mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a but_o the_o castle_n magnificent_o rebuilt_a by_o some_o of_o the_o late_a duke_n 2._o windaw_n or_o winden_n as_o the_o german_n write_v it_o though_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v it_o kies_n seat_v on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n windaw_n whence_o it_o have_v its_o name_n here_o former_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o provincial_n of_o liefland_n afterward_o the_o general_a parliament_n or_o great_a council_n of_o curland_n have_v their_o session_n in_o this_o city_n which_o make_v it_o exceed_o populous_a at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v little_a appearance_n of_o its_o ancient_a splendour_n nor_o be_v it_o frequent_v by_o any_o but_o a_o few_o dutch_a merchant_n who_o be_v here_o lade_v with_o tar_n pitch_n and_o wax_n it_o be_v a_o mistake_n very_o ordinary_a among_o the_o historian_n that_o write_v of_o this_o country_n to_o confound_v this_o city_n with_o wenden_n in_o let_v tell_v we_o that_o this_o too_o be_v call_v by_o the_o polander_v kies_n and_o the_o old_a dutch_a sea-cart_n mention_v a_o kind_n of_o castle_n with_o three_o tower_n upon_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o windaw_n but_o never_o take_v notice_n of_o of_o any_o sea-port-town_n in_o this_o place_n 3._o pilten_a or_o piltyn_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o curland_n build_v by_o waldemar_n king_n of_o denmark_n a.d._n 1219._o the_o southern_a or_o polish_v liefland_n contain_v only_o a_o few_o small_a town_n or_o village_n among_o which_o there_o be_v nothing_o worth_a take_v notice_n of_o but_o duneburg_n a_o castle_n as_o its_o name_n intimate_v seat_v on_o the_o river_n duna_n volhinia_n podolia_n etc._n etc._n though_o the_o polish_v dominion_n reach_v former_o a_o considerable_a
knight_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n have_v make_v their_o master_n in_o the_o year_n 1525_o it_o be_v agree_v upon_o that_o the_o teutonick_n order_n shall_v be_v whole_o extirpate_v and_o that_o part_n of_o prussia_n which_o to_o this_o day_n be_v call_v ducal_z prussia_n shall_v be_v govern_v by_o the_o say_a marquis_n with_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o prussia_n and_o the_o rest_n or_o regal_a prussia_n remain_v still_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n but_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o the_o duke_n shall_v always_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n and_o as_o a_o member_n of_o that_o kingdom_n be_v precedent_n of_o the_o king_n council_n last_o john_n casimir_n the_o late_a king_n of_o poland_n grant_v first_o in_o the_o year_n 1657_o and_o again_o 1663._o full_a and_o absolute_a power_n and_o dominion_n over_o ducal_z prussia_n to_o the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n on_o this_o condition_n that_o the_o dukedom_n upon_o defect_n of_o male_a issue_n shall_v return_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n as_o supreme_a landlord_n and_o be_v confer_v on_o the_o duke_n of_o onoldsbach_n and_o culmbach_n as_o feudatary_n muscovy_n muscovy_n how_o affair_n stand_v at_o present_a between_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n and_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n may_v appear_v by_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n sign_v by_o both_o party_n a.d._n 1667_o speak_v of_o before_o but_o former_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v lay_v claim_n and_o make_v good_a their_o title_n either_o by_o justice_n or_o the_o sword_n to_o several_a large_a territory_n now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n for_o first_o jorislaus_n duke_n of_o russia_n be_v force_v to_o pay_v tribute_n to_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n a.d._n 1018._o afterward_o a.d._n 1069_o boleslaus_n ii_o possess_v himself_o of_o kiow_n and_o indeed_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n of_o russia_n over_o which_o he_o set_v jesaslaus_n a_o tributary_n duke_n after_o his_o death_n continual_a war_n be_v between_o the_o two_o nation_n till_o casimir_n the_o great_a in_o the_o year_n 1340_o reduce_v the_o southern_a russia_n into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o province_n but_o how_o little_a of_o that_o remain_v at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o present_a king_n of_o poland_n we_o have_v show_v before_o several_a of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v style_v themselves_o king_n of_o sweden_n sweden_n sweden_n upon_o no_o other_o pretence_n then_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o liefland_n but_o this_o title_n cease_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o john_n casimir_n their_o late_a king_n as_o have_v already_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o description_n of_o liefland_n of_o the_o pretension_n of_o foreign_a prince_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n we_o have_v see_v to_o what_o kingdom_n and_o country_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v in_o former_a age_n claim_v a_o right_a and_o title_n and_o we_o may_v perhaps_o find_v as_o many_o king_n and_o prince_n of_o other_o nation_n who_o have_v challenge_v the_o crown_n of_o poland_n upon_o as_o good_a ground_n but_o to_o omit_v the_o many_o conquest_n obtain_v by_o the_o russian_n bohemian_o hungarian_n and_o other_o over_o the_o pole_n enough_o to_o entitle_v any_o potent_a prince_n to_o their_o kingdom_n the_o strong_a pretension_n to_o this_o crown_n be_v those_o of_o the_o emperor_n for_o the_o most_o of_o the_o polish_v historian_n tell_v we_o that_o boleslaus_n i._o be_v create_v king_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o emperor_n otto_n iii_o before_o which_o time_n the_o prince_n of_o that_o nation_n be_v only_a duke_n this_o story_n be_v confirm_v by_o beside_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a writer_n of_o poland_n a_o ancient_a epitaph_n find_v in_o the_o cathedral_n at_o posen_n in_o which_o among_o other_o commendation_n of_o boleslaus_n i._o be_v the_o follow_a rhythm_n tu_fw-la possedisti_fw-la velut_fw-la athleta_fw-la christi_fw-la regnum_fw-la slavorum_n gothorum_fw-la seu_fw-la polonorum_fw-la caesar_n praecellens_fw-la a_o te_fw-la ducalia_n pellens_fw-la and_o again_o ob_fw-la famam_fw-la bonam_fw-la tibi_fw-la contulit_fw-la otto_n coronam_fw-la propter_fw-la luctamen_fw-la sit_fw-la tibi_fw-la salus_fw-la amen_n however_o though_o the_o historian_n of_o poland_n grant_v that_o boleslaus_n receive_v the_o title_n of_o king_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o emperor_n yet_o they_o deny_v stubborn_o that_o this_o kingdom_n be_v ever_o subject_a or_o tributary_n to_o the_o roman_a empire_n but_o conringius_n a_o ingenious_a and_o learned_a german_a physician_n in_o his_o book_n entitle_v de_fw-fr finibus_fw-la germanici_fw-la imperii_fw-la c._n 18._o have_v demonstrate_v the_o contrary_a for_o not_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a who_o it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a conquer_a poland_n as_o well_o as_o silesia_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o miecislaus_fw-la the_o first_o christian_a prince_n of_o poland_n pay_v tribute_n to_o the_o imperial_a crown_n and_o the_o polish_v writer_n be_v force_v to_o confess_v that_o otto_n iii_o remit_v all_o homage_n due_a otherwise_o to_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n when_o he_o create_v he_o king_n after_o boleslaus_n death_n miecislaus_fw-la ii_o his_o successor_n be_v compel_v to_o pay_v the_o usual_a tribute_n to_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n ii_o after_o this_o several_a of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n very_o willing_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o emperor_n and_o other_o be_v force_v out_o of_o their_o obstinate_a refusal_n at_o last_o in_o the_o long_a vacancy_n of_o the_o imperial_a throne_n soon_o after_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o thirteen_o century_n during_o which_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o elect_a emperor_n whilst_o the_o empire_n of_o germany_n be_v in_o a_o confuse_a distraction_n the_o polander_n take_v occasion_n to_o shake_v off_o the_o german_a yoke_n to_o which_o they_o can_v never_o since_o be_v reduce_v this_o be_v part_n of_o the_o relation_n which_o conringius_n give_v we_o of_o the_o ancient_a state_n of_o poland_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o german_a empire_n found_v chief_o upon_o the_o testimony_n of_o dithmarus_fw-la mersburgensis_n and_o helmoldus_n man_n of_o unquestionable_a veracity_n in_o their_o history_n hartknoch_n endeavour_v to_o evade_v the_o force_n of_o his_o argument_n by_o say_v that_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o polander_n have_v former_o pay_v some_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o the_o emperor_n by_o who_o it_o be_v demand_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o tribute_n yet_o this_o do_v not_o necessary_o suppose_v any_o dependence_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n upon_o the_o empire_n of_o germany_n for_o it_o be_v ordinary_a even_o with_o the_o emperor_n themselves_o to_o buy_v peace_n with_o money_n and_o thus_o the_o english_a buy_v their_o peace_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o make_v lewis_n xi_o king_n of_o france_n pay_v for_o he_o but_o let_v he_o consider_v first_o whether_o the_o word_n of_o helmoldus_n chron._n slau._n lib._n 1._o c._n 1._o num_fw-la 9_o can_v be_v proper_o understand_v of_o any_o such_o sum_n of_o money_n as_o be_v usual_o pay_v by_o any_o nation_n upon_o the_o ratification_n of_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n when_o he_o say_v seruit_fw-la &_o ipsa_fw-la speak_v of_o poland_n sicut_fw-la bohemia_n sub_fw-la tributo_fw-la imperatoriae_fw-la majestati_fw-la here_o the_o historian_n tell_v we_o plain_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n be_v in_o his_o time_n as_o much_o tributary_n to_o the_o emperor_n as_o bohemia_n and_o how_o true_o that_o be_v under_o his_o subjection_n every_o historian_n will_v show_v again_o it_o be_v not_o very_o considerate_o do_v to_o instance_n in_o the_o tribute_n pay_v by_o the_o english_a to_o the_o dane_n or_o by_o lewis_n xi_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o both_o these_o be_v doubtless_o acknowledgement_n of_o subjection_n and_o homage_n the_o dane_n all_o know_v be_v absolute_a lord_n of_o our_o land_n for_o 26_o and_o make_v almost_o continual_a incursion_n into_o it_o for_o the_o space_n of_o 250_o year_n dane-gelt_a which_o perhaps_o hartknoch_n as_o some_o of_o our_o own_o historian_n have_v do_v mistake_v for_o a_o tribute_n or_o composition-money_n pay_v the_o dane_n upon_o any_o invasion_n be_v at_o first_o only_o a_o subsidy_n gather_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o stand_a army_n to_o oppose_v the_o danish_a fury_n afterward_o indeed_o the_o word_n be_v use_v to_o denote_v a_o tribute_n sometime_o amount_v to_o 72000_o pound_n levy_v yearly_a in_o england_n and_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n upon_o the_o refusal_n of_o which_o payment_n the_o english_a be_v sure_a to_o feel_v the_o weight_n of_o that_o king_n displeasure_n this_o tribute_n be_v certain_o a_o sign_n of_o a_o true_a and_o real_a subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n which_o may_v have_v last_v long_o have_v not_o the_o saxon_a and_o danish_a line_n be_v peaceable_o unite_v in_o the_o pious_a king_n
fountain_n of_o the_o law_n by_o these_o governor_n and_o deputy_n agreee_v together_o tribute_n be_v exact_v and_o tax_n levy_v according_a to_o a_o order_n of_o the_o senate_n hold_v at_o lyncopen_fw-mi 1599_o they_o be_v to_o keep_v court_n of_o justice_n twice_o in_o every_o year_n all_o of_o they_o meeting_n in_o the_o winter_n time_n about_o february_n at_o vpsal_n at_o the_o public_a fair_a call_v di_v and_o in_o summer_n at_o lyncopen_n state_n or_o order_n of_o man_n in_o this_o kingdom_n there_o be_v say_v bureus_n six_o 1._o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n royal_a nobility_n clergy_n soldiery_n merchantry_n and_o commonalty_n 1._o blood_n prince_n of_o the_o blood_n the_o prince_n of_o the_o blood-royal_a be_v dispose_v of_o by_o the_o king_n according_a to_o their_o age_n and_o capacity_n the_o elder_a as_o be_v say_v be_v heir_n apparent_a to_o the_o crown_n the_o young_a be_v common_o create_v duke_n and_o make_v governor_n of_o province_n of_o vpsal_n first_o and_o the_o rest_n in_o order_n of_o dignity_n these_o after_o the_o death_n of_o their_o elder_a brother_n if_o he_o die_v without_o issue_n have_v right_a to_o succeed_v in_o the_o throne_n 2._o nobility_n nobility_n the_o nobility_n which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v descend_v from_o king_n ingon_n or_o harold_n of_o norway_n and_o spread_v through_o germany_n suitzerland_n spain_n etc._n etc._n when_o the_o goth_n invade_v the_o roman_a empire_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o rank_n or_o order_n 1._o consist_v of_o earl_n and_o baron_n or_o franck-baron_n the_o earl_n jerl_n ancient_o be_v create_v only_o upon_o extraordinary_a account_n as_o be_v also_o their_o duke_n call_v hertog_n neither_o of_o their_o title_n be_v then_o hereditary_a a_o war_n happen_v between_o they_o and_o some_o of_o their_o king_n their_o honour_n and_o title_n be_v for_o some_o age_n quite_o lay_v aside_o till_o king_n ericus_n fourteen_o about_o the_o year_n 1560_o first_o of_o all_o renew_v these_o lose_a title_n and_o restore_v they_o to_o their_o owner_n which_o gracious_a favour_n of_o his_o be_v follow_v by_o his_o successor_n they_o not_o only_o confer_v like_o honour_n during_o life_n but_o at_o present_a make_v it_o hereditary_a the_o second_o consist_v of_o those_o who_o ancestor_n have_v be_v advance_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o three_o sort_n be_v make_v up_o of_o those_o who_o be_v neither_o count_n nor_o baron_n and_o who_o ancestor_n have_v not_o be_v of_o the_o senatorian_a order_n of_o these_o order_n may_v be_v either_o their_o knight_n for_o their_o valour_n create_v by_o the_o king_n who_o title_n be_v not_o transmit_v to_o their_o heir_n though_o frequent_o upon_o equal_a desert_n confer_v on_o they_o or_o gentleman_n who_o be_v the_o low_a degree_n of_o the_o nobility_n ancient_o call_v affwappen_v either_o because_o they_o be_v expert_a in_o war_n or_o bear_v a_o coat_n of_o arms._n all_o these_o nobleman_n enjoy_v great_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n all_o their_o estate_n be_v free_a from_o tax_n and_o imposition_n so_o much_o only_o out_o of_o the_o land_n of_o earl_n and_o baron_n except_v as_o they_o at_o their_o creation_n receive_v of_o the_o king_n for_o which_o they_o pay_v some_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o crown_n only_o in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o all_o exigence_n whatever_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o fit_v out_o horse_n and_o man_n for_o the_o king_n service_n proportionable_a to_o their_o estate_n out_o of_o these_o be_v common_o elect_v the_o senator_n judges_z and_o chief_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n man_n of_o low_a birth_n though_o of_o considerable_a part_n seldom_o advance_v themselves_o into_o place_n of_o great_a trust_n and_o employment_n in_o civil_a affair_n in_o ecclesiastical_a more_o frequent_o the_o estate_n of_o these_o nobleman_n be_v inherit_v as_o well_o by_o their_o daughter_n as_o their_o son_n the_o son_n if_o one_o have_v half_o and_o a_o daughter_n three_o part_n of_o 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serviceable_a in_o this_o as_o other_z champain_n country_n the_o body_n of_o their_o army_n to_o their_o great_a advantage_n be_v in_o time_n of_o war_n compose_v of_o peasant_n such_o soldier_n as_o the_o ancient_a roman_n desire_v to_o have_v people_z laborious_a frugal_a hardy_a and_o be_v use_v at_o home_n to_o make_v all_o their_o clothes_n themselves_o prove_v when_o they_o come_v to_o field_n as_o many_o tailor_n shoemaker_n etc._n etc._n as_o soldier_n every_o company_n of_o foot_n have_v its_o particular_a captain_n lieutenant_z and_o ensign_n who_o have_v always_o but_o especial_o if_o the_o seat_n of_o war_n be_v within_o the_o kingdom_n very_o small_a pay_n the_o captain_n himself_o not_o have_v beside_o the_o abatement_n of_o all_o tax_n for_o himself_o and_o some_o of_o his_o relation_n above_o one_o coat_n a_o year_n and_o four_o dollar_n per_fw-la mensem_fw-la and_o a_o common_a soldier_n one_o dollar_n and_o a_o four_o part_n per_fw-la mensem_fw-la regiment_n of_o 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the_o kingdom_n a_o general_a muster_n once_o every_o year_n at_o least_o all_o the_o courtier_n some_o few_o only_o except_v be_v allow_v pay_v and_o bind_v to_o accompany_v the_o king_n to_o the_o place_n of_o rendezvous_n next_o be_v the_o sea-force_n ãâã_d ãâã_d no_o less_o considerable_a than_o those_o of_o the_o land_n the_o king_n have_v common_o in_o readiness_n above_o 50_o man_n of_o war_n many_o of_o they_o carry_v 50_o gun_n all_o under_o the_o command_n of_o one_o high_a admiral_n in_o a_o war_n against_o denmark_n king_n john_n the_o three_o fit_v out_o seventy_o man_n of_o war_n with_o several_a merchant_n ship_n in_o which_o beside_o the_o seaman_n be_v embark_v 18000_o land-souldier_n the_o chief_a port_n in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v stockholme_n where_o lie_v at_o anchor_n sometime_o above_o 300_o ship_n in_o finland_n livonia_n and_o other_o part_n there_o be_v very_o convenient_a harbour_n though_o not_o so_o well_o store_v with_o ship_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o muscovite_n the_o great_a enemy_n on_o that_o side_n maintain_v no_o sea-force_n the_o king_n revenue_n by_o which_o these_o be_v maintain_v ãâã_d ãâã_d consist_v chief_o in_o the_o crown-land_n as_o chase_n forest_n etc._n etc._n which_o the_o king_n as_o be_v say_v take_v a_o oath_n not_o to_o embezil_v but_o these_o be_v former_o by_o the_o civil_a trouble_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o great_a part_n alienate_v from_o the_o crown_n and_o of_o late_a since_o the_o title_n of_o earl_n and_o baron_n be_v renew_v among_o they_o very_o much_o impair_v it_o be_v the_o custom_n that_o when_o the_o king_n honour_v any_o person_n with_o either_o of_o those_o title_n he_o with_o it_o give_v he_o a_o piece_n of_o land_n which_o have_v former_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n other_o way_n be_v seek_v out_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o their_o court_n and_o army_n which_o be_v 1._o from_o these_o crown-land_n or_o king_n patrimony_n daily_o regain_v for_o which_o a_o college_n of_o reduction_n be_v of_o late_o institute_v 2._o from_o the_o mine_n of_o copper_n silver_n lead_v etc._n etc._n 3._o from_o the_o sea-custom_n 4._o from_o the_o imposition_n upon_o ox_n transport_v out_o of_o schonen_fw-mi finland_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v about_o the_o value_n of_o 5_o s._n english_a by_o the_o head_n amount_v to_o a_o great_a sum_n especial_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n 5._o from_o the_o several_a company_n of_o merchant_n of_o which_o there_o be_v but_o one_o for_o exportation_n viz._n the_o tar-company_n though_o there_o be_v divers_a for_o importation_n as_o the_o tobacco-company_n the_o sugar-company_n etc._n etc._n who_o each_o pay_n yearly_o considerable_a sum_n to_o the_o crown_n 6._o from_o impost_n on_o the_o exportation_n of_o gun_n 7._o from_o the_o mulct_n pay_v by_o those_o that_o be_v cast_v in_o law_n a_o three_o part_n of_o which_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o king_n 8._o from_o all_o money_n which_o the_o king_n pay_v out_o from_o which_o he_o deduct_n to_o the_o value_n of_o one_o per_fw-la cent._n beside_o these_o there_o be_v many_o other_o way_n whereby_o the_o king_n raise_v money_n as_o the_o frank-subsidy_n or_o quitrent_n the_o revenue_n from_o all_o sort_n of_o skin_n and_o fur_n bring_v out_o of_o lapland_n etc._n etc._n which_o not_o be_v constant_a and_o certain_a but_o more_o or_o less_o according_a as_o the_o snow_n fall_v or_o the_o frost_n continue_v i_o omit_v to_o mention_v when_o his_o majesty_n of_o sweden_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n he_o can_v and_o ordinary_o do_v make_v use_n of_o these_o extraordinary_a mean_n as_o 1._o all_o person_n whatsoever_o none_o except_v who_o receive_v salary_n or_o pension_n from_o the_o crown_n in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n abate_v one_o half_a and_o sometime_o the_o whole_a as_o it_o be_v say_v they_o do_v in_o these_o late_a war_n 2._o the_o gentry_n of_o sweden_n finland_n etc._n etc._n pay_v a_o contribution_n of_o about_o sixteen_o penny_n english_a a_o man_n which_o be_v call_v the_o six-mark_a contribution_n 3._o all_o town_n pay_v a_o contribution_n according_a to_o their_o incomes_a some_o more_o some_o less_o 4._o every_o town_n which_o be_v oblige_v to_o have_v constant_o in_o readiness_n a_o certain_a company_n of_o seaman_n who_o the_o king_n send_v for_o upon_o occasion_n to_o serve_v in_o the_o fleet_n be_v bind_v in_o time_n of_o war_n to_o double_a the_o number_n 5._o when_o any_o army_n be_v transport_v over_o the_o baltic_a it_o go_v either_o to_o pomeren_n or_o bremen_n which_o province_n pay_v so_o much_o a_o month_n in_o money_n or_o provision_n towards_o its_o support_n 6._o the_o gentry_n of_o liffland_n and_o the_o neighbour_a province_n contribute_v so_o many_o thousand_o measure_n of_o corn_n for_o the_o supply_n of_o their_o magazine_n 7._o every_o peasant_n plough_v so_o much_o ground_n a_o year_n must_v give_v one_o shirt_n one_o lambskin_n coat_n one_o pair_n of_o
the_o swedish_n nation_n have_v make_v a_o law_n among_o his_o subject_n that_o if_o any_o of_o they_o kill_v or_o injure_v a_o swede_n he_o shall_v pay_v only_o half_a the_o mulct_n which_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v if_o he_o have_v do_v the_o like_a to_o any_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o 33._o atislus_n a_o warlike_a and_o magnificent_a king_n 34._o hotherus_fw-la who_o wage_v war_n with_o the_o dane_n and_o russes_z and_o die_v of_o a_o wound_n he_o receive_v in_o battle_n 35._o rodericus_fw-la king_n of_o denmark_n and_o swedland_n at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o either_o leave_v or_o lose_v the_o former_a he_o retire_v into_o the_o latter_a and_o there_o end_v his_o day_n 36._o attilus_n who_o kill_v wermundus_n king_n of_o denmark_n in_o single_a duel_n and_o be_v himself_o afterward_o slay_v by_o wermundus_n two_o son_n after_o this_o king_n time_n the_o succession_n for_o about_o 600_o year_n be_v much_o interrupt_v who_o enjoy_v the_o kingdom_n be_v uncertain_a botvildus_n charles_n two_o ericus_n two_o and_o six_o more_o be_v mention_v but_o little_o more_o know_v of_o they_o than_o their_o name_n he_o who_o historian_n first_o pitch_n upon_o to_o have_v certain_o succeed_v be_v 46._o alricus_n who_o challenge_v gestiblindus_n king_n of_o the_o goth_n to_o duel_n thereby_o lose_v both_o his_o life_n and_o kingdom_n 47._o ericus_n iii_n surname_v the_o wise_a and_o by_o some_o the_o eloquent_a a_o happy_a and_o peaceable_a prince_n he_o reign_v according_a to_o johannes_n magnus_n computation_n about_o four_o and_o thirty_o year_n before_o our_o saviour_n birth_n a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o gothish_a king_n who_o reign_v short_o after_o their_o transmigration_n out_o of_o scandia_n while_o they_o dwell_v about_o the_o palus_n maeotis_n near_o the_o time_n of_o the_o trojan_a war_n collect_v out_o of_o wolf_n lazius_n upon_o who_o credit_n you_o be_v to_o take_v they_o 1._o telephus_n well_o know_v for_o his_o exploit_n in_o the_o trojan_a war._n 2._o bericus_n or_o beget_n 3._o filimar_n 4._o frogradus_fw-la 5._o aringis_fw-la 6._o eurypilus_n 7._o tomyris_n 8._o antriregus_n after_o this_o succession_n of_o king_n in_o scythia_n europea_n the_o goth_n either_o weary_a of_o that_o country_n or_o drive_v out_o of_o it_o by_o some_o of_o their_o potent_a neighbour_n be_v say_v by_o the_o same_o author_n though_o i_o find_v not_o his_o opinion_n second_v by_o any_o swedish_n writer_n to_o have_v return_v into_o gothia_n and_o particular_o to_o have_v pitch_v upon_o the_o isle_n gotland_n as_o the_o fit_a seat_n for_o their_o king_n a_o long_a series_n of_o who_o may_v seem_v not_o very_o necessary_a to_o be_v set_v down_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o same_o with_o the_o swedish_n king_n before_o mention_v 48._o haldanus_n in_o who_o reign_n the_o hunns_n overrun_v gothia_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o king_n dominion_n build_v hunnaberg_n a_o ancient_a city_n in_o ostrogothia_a and_o after_o some_o continuance_n in_o the_o country_n be_v by_o this_o king_n at_o last_o utter_o expel_v 49._o sivardus_fw-la or_o sigvardus_fw-la in_o who_o time_n commotion_n arise_v in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o goth_n elect_v a_o separate_a king_n of_o their_o own_o name_v carolus_n who_o some_o make_v to_o be_v 50._o charles_n iii_o 51._o ericus_n iv_o slay_v by_o haldanus_n king_n of_o denmark_n 52._o haldanus_n who_o get_v the_o kingdom_n by_o his_o valour_n of_o this_o king_n be_v report_v several_a prodigious_a story_n as_o of_o his_o gigantic_a stature_n his_o pull_v up_o tree_n by_o the_o root_n and_o such_o like_a not_o inferior_a to_o those_o which_o poet_n relate_v of_o hercules_n and_o the_o giant_n 53._o vngvinus_n who_o to_o his_o own_o kingdom_n unite_v gothia_n for_o a_o long_a time_n govern_v by_o distinct_a king_n 54._o ragvaldus_n or_o regnaldus_n 55._o amundus_n 56._o haquinus_n in_o who_o reign_n the_o goth_n elect_v one_o sivardo_fw-la king_n of_o gothia_n 57_o ostenus_fw-la i._n who_o entertain_v a_o implacable_a hatred_n against_o the_o norwegian_n send_v a_o great_a army_n against_o they_o subdue_v their_o country_n make_v the_o inhabitant_n tributary_n to_o the_o swedish_n crown_n and_o as_o a_o opprobrium_fw-la to_o the_o nation_n set_v a_o dog_n to_o be_v chief_a governor_n over_o they_o to_o which_o they_o be_v to_o pay_v all_o subjection_n and_o swear_v allegiance_n under_o the_o penalty_n of_o lose_v one_o hand_n and_o one_o foot_n this_o be_v mention_v both_o in_o the_o swedish_n and_o norwegian_a chronicle_n 58._o alverus_n or_o alaricus_n elect_v say_v krantzius_n out_o of_o the_o noble_n and_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o happy_a reign_n stab_v by_o his_o brother_n ericus_n who_o be_v impatient_a to_o obtain_v the_o crown_n which_o he_o think_v he_o may_v procure_v after_o his_o death_n but_o vain_o for_o the_o government_n be_v confer_v on_o 59_o ingo_n i._o elder_a son_n to_o alverus_n he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o order_v the_o election_n of_o king_n to_o be_v hold_v at_o moresten_n near_o vpsal_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o which_o see_v what_o be_v say_v in_o suecia_n about_o this_o time_n the_o kingdom_n be_v govern_v by_o judge_n the_o next_o king_n be_v 60._o ingellus_fw-la i._n kill_v by_o his_o brother_n 61._o germunder_o in_o a_o war_n against_o denmark_n take_v prisoner_n and_o hang_v up_o upon_o a_o gibbet_n 62._o haquinus_n 63._o egellus_n after_o who_o time_n succeed_v several_a king_n johannes_n magnus_n reckon_v twenty_o concern_v who_o nothing_o very_o remarkable_a be_v set_v down_o by_o historian_n the_o next_o great_a epocha_n be_v count_v from_o the_o reign_n of_o 84._o bero_n or_o biorno_n iii_o the_o first_o christian_a king_n in_o sweden_n convert_v to_o christianity_n by_o one_o herebretus_n at_o his_o request_n send_v to_o he_o by_o charles_n the_o great_a emperor_n of_o germany_n 85._o brautamundus_n or_o amundus_n in_o some_o civil_a commotion_n in_o his_o kingdom_n kill_v by_o his_o brother_n and_o successor_n 86._o sivardus_fw-la ii_o who_o in_o his_o expedition_n against_o norway_n be_v with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o army_n overcome_v in_o battle_n the_o enemy_n force_n most_o consist_v of_o woman_n 87._o herotus_fw-la or_o haraldus_n betwixt_o who_o and_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n a_o war_n break_v out_o concern_v the_o province_n of_o schonen_fw-mi which_o this_o king_n at_o last_o free_o grant_v to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n as_o a_o reward_n of_o his_o signal_n prudence_n and_o valour_n 89._o charles_n vi._n 90._o biorno_n iu._n 91._o ingellus_fw-la ii_o in_o who_o time_n helsingia_n and_o several_a other_o province_n in_o suecia_n have_v their_o distinct_a governor_n these_o he_o under_o colour_n of_o friendship_n invite_v to_o a_o banquet_n and_o when_o he_o have_v make_v they_o drink_v with_o strong_a liquor_n he_o cause_v a_o fire_n to_o be_v set_v on_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v and_o so_o destroy_v they_o all_o and_o seize_v on_o their_o possession_n to_o revenge_v this_o cruelty_n gramus_fw-la duke_n of_o sudermannia_n and_o hauno_n duke_n of_o ostrogothia_a raise_v force_n and_o come_v against_o he_o but_o with_o no_o good_a success_n at_o last_o for_o under_o pretence_n of_o a_o parley_n they_o be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o at_o ingellus_n command_n burn_v to_o death_n 92._o olaus_n from_o his_o command_v many_o thick_a wood_n to_o be_v cut_v down_o surname_v tratelia_n or_o tree-feller_n he_o be_v say_v by_o some_o to_o have_v embrace_v christianity_n at_o the_o persuasion_n of_o ansgarius_n a_o learned_a bishop_n send_v into_o sweden_n by_o lewis_n ii_o emperor_n of_o germany_n but_o though_o he_o himself_o perhaps_o do_v favour_v christian_a religion_n it_o get_v small_a foot_n among_o his_o subject_n for_o paganism_n be_v say_v for_o a_o long_a time_n to_o have_v prevail_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o succeed_a prince_n 93._o ingo_n ii_o 94._o ericus_n vi_o surname_v windy-cap_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v a_o cap_n by_o hold_v up_o of_o which_o he_o can_v cause_v the_o wind_n to_o blow_v from_o what_o point_v he_o please_v for_o which_o and_o such_o like_a magical_a exploit_n he_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n be_v elect_v king_n 95._o ericus_n vii_o surname_v victorious_a 96._o ericus_n viii_o surname_v aarsel_n i.e._n rich_a in_o corn._n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v countenance_v christianity_n which_o have_v be_v from_o the_o time_n of_o bero_n till_o his_o reign_n very_o much_o suppress_v and_o endeavour_v by_o law_n to_o establish_v it_o in_o his_o kingdom_n to_o have_v be_v by_o the_o fury_n of_o his_o subject_n tear_v in_o piece_n and_o martyr_v for_o his_o good_a intention_n towards_o they_o 97._o olaus_n surname_v scotkonung_n i.e._n infant-king_n because_o advance_v to_o the_o crown_n when_o young_a he_o embrace_v christianity_n and_o send_v to_o ethelred_n king_n of_o england_n to_o furnish_v he_o with_o able_a minister_n
advise_v by_o the_o pope_n legate_n and_o some_o jesuit_n that_o a_o oath_n take_v by_o he_o with_o heretic_n be_v not_o obligatory_a or_o if_o he_o scruple_v that_o that_o a_o dispensation_n for_o the_o breach_n of_o it_o be_v easy_o attainable_a from_o the_o pope_n at_o last_o solemn_o take_v it_o and_o promise_v the_o state_n faithful_o to_o observe_v all_o the_o condition_n of_o it_o he_o leave_v sweden_n and_o return_v into_o poland_n during_o his_o absence_n all_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v manage_v by_o duke_n charles_n his_o uncle_n who_o for_o some_o small_a time_n execute_v the_o office_n of_o viceroy_n very_o quiet_o and_o to_o the_o great_a satisfaction_n of_o the_o king_n subject_n but_o some_o difference_n arise_v about_o religion_n the_o papist_n jesuit_n especial_o to_o who_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o worship_n have_v be_v grant_v grow_v powerful_a and_o thereupon_o behave_v themselves_o insolent_o towards_o the_o lutheran_n the_o business_n of_o state_n become_v trouble_v and_o the_o determination_n of_o controversy_n and_o removal_n of_o jealousy_n out_o of_o the_o people_n heart_n a_o very_a difficult_a matter_n hereupon_o sigismond_n be_v send_v for_o out_o of_o poland_n but_o both_o delay_n to_o come_v into_o sweden_n and_o to_o send_v order_n to_o his_o uncle_n ch._n an._n ch._n that_o popish_a delinquent_n as_o they_o be_v represent_v to_o he_o shall_v according_a to_o law_n be_v proceed_v against_o as_o enemy_n to_o the_o state_n and_o that_o other_o suchlike_a grievance_n shall_v be_v redress_v he_o so_o lose_v his_o interest_n with_o his_o swedish_n subject_n that_o when_o at_o last_o he_o come_v among_o they_o they_o oppose_v he_o as_o a_o public_a enemy_n make_v war_n against_o he_o and_o overcome_v he_o in_o battle_n after_o he_o be_v defeat_v he_o return_v to_o poland_n and_o his_o crown_n of_o sweden_n be_v by_o the_o state_n set_v upon_o the_o head_n of_o his_o uncle_n 135._o charles_n ix_o duke_n of_o sudermannia_n and_o brother_n to_o john_n iii_o he_o maintain_v the_o augustan_n confession_n during_o his_o whole_a reign_n carry_v on_o a_o bloody_a war_n against_o his_o nephew_n sigismond_n and_o christianus_n iv_o king_n of_o denmark_n who_o he_o challenge_v to_o a_o duel_n and_o after_o he_o have_v reign_v eleven_o year_n dye_v at_o nycopia_n in_o his_o return_n from_o oppose_v the_o dane_n the_o government_n after_o his_o death_n according_a to_o the_o right_n of_o inheritance_n descend_v upon_o his_o elder_a son_n 136._o gustavus_n adolphus_n ii_o surname_v the_o great_a this_o king_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n prosecute_v the_o war_n with_o denmark_n which_o his_o father_n be_v engage_v in_o at_o his_o death_n but_o intend_v to_o turn_v the_o whole_a force_n of_o his_o kingdom_n against_o his_o cousin_n sigismond_n k._n of_o poland_n he_o within_o a_o short_a time_n conclude_v a_o peace_n both_o with_o the_o dane_n and_o muscovite_n this_o do_v he_o invade_v livonia_n take_v several_a place_n of_o great_a importance_n in_o that_o and_o other_o province_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o pole_n and_o at_o last_o make_v a_o truce_n with_o his_o cousin_n for_o six_o year_n he_o return_v into_o sweden_n during_o the_o war_n with_o poland_n ferdinand_n ii_o emperor_n of_o germany_n have_v do_v he_o as_o he_o allege_v very_o many_o injury_n as_o his_o send_v assistance_n to_o the_o pole_n into_o borussia_n under_o the_o command_n of_o arnhemius_fw-la his_o not_o admit_v the_o swedish_n delegate_n to_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n at_o lubeck_n but_o charge_v they_o to_o depart_v the_o empire_n etc._n etc._n whereupon_o he_o invade_v the_o imperial_a dominion_n take_v several_a strong_a city_n and_o after_o he_o have_v overrun_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v kill_v in_o battle_n near_o leipsick_a he_o be_v succeed_v by_o 137._o christina_n his_o only_a daughter_n who_o be_v then_o but_o seven_o year_n old_a the_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v order_v by_o her_o guardian_n till_o she_o come_v to_o the_o eighteen_o year_n of_o her_o age_n at_o which_o time_n she_o take_v the_o government_n upon_o herself_o make_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o at_o last_o either_o weary_a of_o rule_v so_o potent_a a_o kingdom_n or_o think_v the_o care_n of_o it_o too_o great_a a_o burden_n for_o she_o to_o undergo_v voluntary_o lay_v down_o the_o crown_n and_o commend_v it_o to_o 138._o charles_n gustavus_n x._o a_o noble_a and_o victorious_a prince_n he_o maintain_v war_n against_o the_o pole_n the_o muscovite_n and_o the_o dane_n as_o he_o be_v return_v from_o gottenburg_n upon_o the_o confine_n of_o denmark_n to_o stockholm_n he_o die_v of_o a_o fever_n and_o his_o kingdom_n according_a to_o right_a of_o succession_n descend_v upon_o 139._o charles_n xi_o his_o son_n than_o four_o year_n of_o age_n during_o his_o minority_n the_o kingdom_n be_v govern_v by_o his_o guardian_n but_o come_v to_o full_a age_n he_o take_v upon_o himself_o the_o management_n of_o all_o public_a affair_n and_o be_v now_o reign_v a._n d._n 1680._o age_a twentyfour_o year_n a_o warlike_a and_o virtuous_a prince_n of_o the_o great_a principality_n of_o finland_n beyond_o the_o bothnic_a bay_n lie_v the_o great_a principality_n of_o finland_n finland_n finland_n call_v by_o the_o native_n somi_n or_o soma_n from_o the_o great_a number_n of_o lake_n that_o be_v in_o it_o soma_n signify_v a_o lake_n but_o by_o the_o swede_n first_o and_o after_o they_o by_o all_o stranger_n call_v finland_n q._n fineland_n from_o the_o pleasantness_n of_o the_o country_n or_o as_o other_o say_v q._n fiende-land_n i.e._n the_o land_n of_o fiend_n or_o enemy_n the_o finlander_n use_v for_o a_o long_a time_n before_o they_o be_v under_o the_o swedish_n power_n to_o make_v frequent_a incursion_n into_o that_o kingdom_n and_o very_o much_o injure_v and_o molest_v its_o inhabitant_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o sinus_n finnicus_n and_o the_o lake_n ladoga_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o bothnic_a bay_n on_o the_o north_n with_o part_n of_o lapland_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o part_n of_o the_o finnic_a and_o baltic_a sea_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o these_o seven_o province_n province_n its_o province_n 1._o southern-finland_n 2._o northern-finland_n 3._o cajania_n 4._o savolaxia_fw-la 5._o tavastia_n 6._o nylandia_n and_o 7._o carelia_n 1._o finland_n southern_a finland_n southern_a finland_n part_v from_o the_o northern_a by_o the_o river_n aujaroki_n which_o water_v the_o episcopal_a city_n abo._n it_o extend_v itself_o all_o along_o the_o finnic_a bay_n eastward_o have_v on_o the_o north_n and_o north-east_n the_o province_n of_o tavastia_n and_o nylandia_n in_o it_o be_v beside_o several_a little_a town_n two_o remarkable_a fort_n viz._n gusto_n in_o the_o western_a and_o raseberg_n to_o which_o belong_v a_o dynasty_a or_o principality_n in_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o it_o 2._o finland_n northern_a finland_n northern_a finland_n run_v along_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o bothnic_a bay_n towards_o the_o north._n it_o be_v indifferent_o large_a in_o circumference_n take_v in_o both_o the_o satagunda_n with_o viemo_n and_o masco_n water_v it_o be_v by_o one_o only_a river_n call_v cumo-elff_a famous_a for_o its_o abundance_n of_o salmon_n and_o other_o sort_n of_o fish_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n near_o the_o city_n biorneborgh_n town_n of_o note_n here_o be_v raumo_n nystadh_n and_o nadhendal_n to_o these_o sanson_n add_v castelholm_n in_o the_o island_n alandia_n 3._o cajania_n cajania_n cajania_n or_o ost-bothnia_a as_o some_o call_v it_o in_o opposition_n to_o west-bothnia_a which_o lie_v over_o against_o it_o on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o bothnic_a bay_n in_o it_o be_v many_o large_a river_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v kimi-elff_a which_o empti_v itself_o into_o the_o bothnic_a bay_n at_o the_o most_o northern_a cape_n of_o it_o and_o part_n this_o province_n from_o west-bothnia_a jio-elff_a and_o vla-elff_a city_n here_o be_v 1._o vlam_n or_o vlo_fw-la 2._o vasa_n or_o wassam_n cal_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o fort_n cajaneburg_n and_o vlaburg_n 4._o savolaxia_fw-la savolaxia_fw-la savolaxia_fw-la which_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o lake_n ladoga_n on_o the_o west_n with_o a_o a_o ridge_n of_o mountain_n which_o part_v it_o from_o carelia_n on_o the_o north_n with_o part_n of_o muscovitic_a lapland_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o tavastia_n and_o carelia_n this_o province_n abound_v much_o with_o lake_n and_o river_n most_o of_o which_o disburden_v themselves_o into_o the_o lake_n ladoga_n the_o river_n afford_v fish_n pike_n especial_o in_o great_a abundance_n and_o the_o lake_n beside_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o fish_n they_o breed_v supply_v the_o inhabitant_n with_o seacalve_n not_o meet_v with_o in_o any_o other_o scandian_a lake_n here_o be_v one_o remarkable_a fort_n
top_n of_o a_o hill_n command_v the_o town_n and_o haven_n be_v first_o build_v by_o adolph_n of_o schaumburg_n the_o first_o earl_n of_o holstein_n earl_n adolph_n iv_o found_v a_o monastery_n of_o franciscan_a minorite_n in_o this_o city_n which_o upon_o the_o bring_n in_o of_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n into_o this_o country_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o danish_a territory_n be_v change_v into_o a_o hospital_n 2._o rensborg_n or_o reinholsburg_n found_v by_o one_o reinold_n of_o who_o we_o have_v no_o further_o account_v then_o that_o he_o be_v either_o a_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n or_o some_o great_a nobleman_n this_o be_v the_o best_a fortify_v town_n in_o the_o dukedom_n environ_v with_o the_o byder_n and_o defend_v by_o a_o strong_a castle_n build_v by_o earl_n gerhard_n the_o great_a 3._o wilster_n a_o neat_a and_o well_o build_v city_n seat_v on_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n which_o soon_o after_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o stor_n 4._o nieumunster_n seat_v on_o the_o north-west_n of_o the_o stor_n not_o far_o from_o the_o head_n of_o it_o the_o earldom_n of_o holstein_n be_v only_o a_o province_n of_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o saxony_n until_o lotharius_n great_a duke_n of_o saxony_n afterward_o emperor_n of_o germany_n bestow_v it_o upon_o adolph_n earl_n of_o schaumburg_n or_o schouwanburg_n about_o the_o year_n 1114._o since_o which_o time_n we_o have_v the_o follow_a account_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o holstein_n 1._o adolph_n of_o schouwenburg_n the_o first_o absolute_a prince_n of_o holstein_n on_o who_o the_o earldom_n be_v bestow_v as_o a_o recompense_n for_o the_o service_n he_o have_v do_v the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n in_o his_o german_a and_o danish_a war_n 2._o adolph_n ii_o son_n to_o adolph_n the_o i._o have_v obtain_v his_o father_n earldom_n cast_v out_o the_o slavonian_n who_o a_o little_a before_o his_o time_n have_v overrun_v all_o this_o part_n of_o saxony_n and_o plant_v in_o their_o room_n colony_n of_o german_n 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epitaph_n be_v magni_fw-la caroli_n regis_fw-la christianissimi_fw-la romanorum_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la corpus_fw-la hoc_fw-la sepulchro_fw-la conditum_fw-la iaceo_fw-la he_o bequeath_v his_o empire_n to_o his_o son_n ludowic_n than_o king_n of_o aquitain_n 814._o ludowic_n or_o lewis_n for_o his_o piety_n and_o zeal_n in_o promote_a the_o christian_a religion_n surname_v the_o godly_a succeed_v his_o father_n he_o be_v crown_v emperor_n by_o pope_n stephen_n iv_o at_o rheims_n in_o france_n soon_o after_o his_o entrance_n upon_o the_o empire_n he_o procure_v a_o translation_n of_o the_o bible_n into_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n copy_n of_o which_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v distribute_v among_o the_o commonalty_n the_o great_a exploit_n of_o war_n which_o he_o be_v report_v to_o have_v do_v be_v the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o saracen_n out_o of_o italy_n beside_o this_o he_o take_v his_o nephew_n bernhard_n king_n of_o lombardy_n who_o have_v endeavour_v to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o 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of_o his_o age._n 840._o lotharius_n the_o emperor_n ludowic_n elder_a son_n succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o whole_a empire_n have_v throw_v out_o his_o two_o brethren_n who_o be_v leave_v partner_n with_o he_o he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o annex_v austrasia_n which_o be_v from_o he_o call_v by_o the_o high_a dutch_a loth-reich_a by_o the_o french_a lot-regne_a now_o lorreign_a i._n e._n lotharius_n kingdom_n to_o the_o german_a empire_n after_o he_o have_v rule_v fifteen_o year_n he_o retire_v into_o a_o monastery_n at_o treves_n where_o he_o live_v some_o time_n after_o in_o his_o day_n pope_n joan_n under_o the_o covert_a name_n of_o john_n viii_o as_o the_o historian_n of_o that_o time_n general_o relate_v be_v head_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n 855._o ludowic_n ii_o ah_o prince_n of_o wonderful_a piety_n and_o learning_n succeed_v in_o the_o empire_n upon_o his_o father_n resignation_n he_o conquer_v the_o sclavonian_n and_o convert_v they_o to_o christianity_n defend_v italy_n from_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o saracen_n and_o make_v provision_n in_o most_o part_n of_o his_o empire_n for_o poor_a widow_n and_o orphan_n he_o have_v a_o great_a quarrel_n with_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n for_o elect_v a_o pope_n without_o acquaint_v he_o but_o the_o popish_a writer_n tell_v the_o story_n otherwise_o and_o say_v that_o when_o the_o emperor_n hear_v how_o that_o court_n have_v elect_v pope_n adrian_n ii_o into_o the_o room_n of_o nicolas_n i._o without_o stay_v for_o his_o voice_n he_o commend_v they_o high_o for_o so_o do_v nay_o they_o make_v he_o give_v this_o reason_n for_o his_o approbation_n of_o their_o proceed_n qui_fw-la enim_fw-la fieri_fw-la posset_n ut_fw-la peregrinus_fw-la &_o hospes_fw-la dignoscere_fw-la posset_n in_fw-la aliena_fw-la republica_fw-la quis_fw-la potissimum_fw-la caeteris_fw-la praeferendus_fw-la sit_fw-la i._o e._n how_o be_v it_o possible_a that_o a_o stranger_n shall_v be_v so_o well_o skilled_a in_o a_o foreign_a commonwealth_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o pitch_v upon_o a_o man_n fit_a
cucullum_fw-la in_o which_o last_o word_n we_o have_v as_o many_o numeral_a letter_n as_o will_v give_v we_o the_o year_n 1315._o 1318._o ludowic_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n after_o a_o interregnum_fw-la of_o some_o year_n be_v elect_v and_o crown_v emperor_n by_o a_o majority_n of_o the_o elector_n but_o be_v oppose_v by_o frideric_n duke_n of_o austria_n the_o emperor_n albert_n son_n who_o be_v set_v up_o by_o another_o faction_n and_o crown_v at_o bonna_n a_o small_a town_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o colen_n for_o some_o time_n the_o dispute_n be_v manage_v with_o equal_a success_n betwixt_o the_o two_o emperor_n but_o at_o the_o last_o the_o victory_n go_v on_o ludowic_n side_n who_o have_v utter_o rout_v frideric_n army_n get_v the_o whole_a empire_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n he_o be_v a_o great_a opposer_n of_o the_o pope_n authority_n insomuch_o that_o in_o a_o public_a oration_n speak_v by_o he_o at_o francfurt_n he_o declare_v open_o quod_fw-la 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intend_v to_o have_v give_v his_o rival_n battle_n but_o charles_n be_v loath_a to_o encounter_v so_o great_a a_o soldier_n and_o hazard_v a_o empire_n at_o one_o engagement_n which_o have_v cost_v he_o such_o large_a sum_n as_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v to_o some_o of_o his_o votary_n he_o still_o fancy_v his_o gold_n be_v the_o best_a weapon_n he_o have_v to_o trust_v to_o and_o so_o indeed_o it_o prove_v for_o therewith_o he_o hire_v a_o physician_n to_o poison_v gunther_n body_n which_o make_v he_o unfit_a for_o government_n that_o do_v he_o compound_v with_o his_o child_n and_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o money_n buy_v off_o their_o title_n he_o reign_v thirty-two_a year_n 1378._o wenceslaus_n charles_n the_o four_o son_n succeed_v his_o father_n upon_o his_o earnest_a entreaty_n for_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o himself_o that_o can_v deserve_v a_o crown_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o give_v himself_o up_o to_o all_o manner_n of_o vicious_a practice_n and_o towards_o the_o late_a end_n prove_v a_o cruel_a but_o unfortunate_a tyrant_n he_o be_v twice_o take_v prisoner_n but_o make_v his_o escape_n at_o last_o the_o elector_n weary_a of_o so_o sordid_a a_o emperor_n depose_v he_o after_o he_o have_v reign_v twentytwo_a year_n frideric_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n be_v elect_v into_o the_o room_n of_o wenceslaus_n but_o never_o live_v to_o enjoy_v the_o imperial_a crown_n for_o return_v from_o the_o election_n he_o be_v barbarous_o slay_v by_o henry_n count_n waldeck_n who_o with_o a_o company_n of_o ruffian_n lay_v in_o ambush_n for_o he_o near_o fritzlar_n whereupon_o the_o elector_n immediate_o return_v to_o francfurt_n and_o choose_v 1400._o rupert_n elector_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n a_o prince_n of_o great_a valour_n though_o never_o engage_v in_o any_o war_n but_o by_o constraint_n the_o great_a enterprise_n he_o ever_o set_v upon_o be_v the_o recovery_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o milan_n which_o his_o predecessor_n wenceslaus_n have_v sell_v but_o john_n galeazze_v at_o that_o time_n duke_n of_o milan_n quick_o rout_v his_o army_n and_o force_v he_o to_o retire_v back_o into_o germany_n he_o die_v in_o peace_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v nine_o year_n and_o ten_o month_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o spire_n 1410._o jodocus_n barbatus_n marquis_n of_o moravia_n and_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o four_o nephew_n succeed_v rupert_n he_o reign_v no_o long_o than_o five_o month_n be_v no_o way_n qualify_v for_o a_o emperor_n and_o have_v nothing_o remarkable_a in_o he_o but_o his_o beard_n which_o surname_v he_o barbatus_n 1411._o sigismond_n wenceslaus_n brother_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n be_v choose_v into_o jodocus_n place_n by_o a_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o elector_n historian_n represent_v this_o emperor_n as_o a_o prince_n of_o incomparable_a piety_n learning_n and_o valour_n who_o want_v nothing_o but_o success_n in_o his_o undertake_n to_o make_v he_o complete_o happy_a he_o be_v a_o great_a promoter_n of_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n hold_v in_o the_o year_n 1415_o wherein_o john_n huss_n and_o jerom_n of_o prague_n notwithstanding_o the_o emperor_n pass_v and_o promise_v that_o they_o shall_v return_v safe_a to_o bohemia_n be_v condemn_v to_o be_v burn_v alive_a for_o heretic_n this_o so_o incense_v the_o hussites_n that_o they_o immediate_o rebel_v against_o sigismond_n under_o the_o command_n of_o their_o general_n zysca_n who_o have_v be_v breed_v up_o in_o the_o emperor_n court_n this_o zysca_n prove_v so_o fortunate_a in_o the_o field_n that_o he_o vanquish_v the_o emperor_n army_n fourteen_o several_a time_n he_o be_v a_o captain_n of_o that_o courage_n that_o after_o his_o death_n his_o soldier_n cover_v a_o drum_n with_o his_o skin_n imagine_v that_o the_o noise_n thereof_o will_v strike_v terror_n into_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o stout_a of_o their_o enemy_n sigismond_n have_v reign_v twenty-seven_o year_n most_o of_o which_o time_n be_v spend_v in_o a_o continual_a war_n with_o the_o hussites_n die_v and_o leave_v his_o empire_n to_o his_o son-in-law_n 1440._o frideric_n iii_o or_o iu_o if_o we_o reckon_v the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n who_o be_v slay_v at_o fritzlar_n for_o one_o duke_n of_o austria_n be_v unanimous_o elect_v into_o the_o imperial_a throne_n upon_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o emperor_n albert_n and_o be_v crown_v emperor_n at_o rome_n by_o pope_n nicolas_n v._o he_o make_v it_o his_o whole_a business_n to_o procure_v and_o establish_v a_o universal_a peace_n in_o christendom_n and_o to_o that_o end_n procure_v the_o call_n of_o the_o council_n of_o basil_n he_o marry_v leonora_n daughter_n of_o alphonsus_n king_n of_o portugal_n whence_o the_o house_n of_o spain_n and_o austria_n be_v unite_v into_o one_o family_n he_o reign_v fifty_o and_o three_o year_n the_o long_a of_o any_o of_o the_o german_a emperor_n and_o die_v as_o some_o say_v of_o a_o surfeit_n by_o
his_o son_n charles_n succeed_v mathias_n in_o all_o his_o title_n and_o dominion_n the_o bohemian_o fear_v he_o may_v prove_v as_o severe_a a_o persecutor_n of_o the_o protestant_n in_o that_o kingdom_n as_o his_o predecessor_n have_v be_v refuse_v to_o acknowledge_v he_o their_o king_n but_o immediate_o upon_o his_o be_v proclaim_v emperor_n proffer_v the_o crown_n of_o bohemia_n to_o frideric_n v._o count_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n who_o accept_v their_o kindness_n which_o so_o high_o enrage_v the_o emperor_n that_o he_o resolve_v to_o use_v his_o utmost_a endeavour_n whole_o to_o ruin_n and_o overthrow_v the_o protestant_a party_n whereupon_o ensue_v that_o bloody_a german_a war_n of_o almost_o thirty_o year_n continuance_n which_o be_v at_o last_o happy_o conclude_v by_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n of_o peace_n in_o the_o year_n 1648._o after_o a_o troublesome_a reign_n of_o seventeen_o year_n spend_v in_o a_o continual_a civil_a war_n which_o have_v ruin_v and_o lay_v waste_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n he_o die_v at_o vienna_n leave_v his_o distract_a empire_n to_o his_o son_n 1637._o ferdinand_n iii_o who_o the_o year_n before_o his_o father_n death_n be_v elect_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n he_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n which_o his_o father_n have_v begin_v with_o variety_n of_o success_n he_o obtain_v a_o great_a victory_n over_o the_o protestant_a party_n at_o ratisbon_n and_o break_v the_o vast_a power_n of_o the_o swede_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o norlingen_n but_o afterward_o be_v forsake_v by_o most_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n he_o be_v force_v to_o think_v of_o procure_v a_o peace_n by_o fair_a mean_n and_o treaty_n according_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n between_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o other_o prince_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v seal_v at_o munster_n and_o osnaburg_n the_o popish_a agent_n keep_v their_o residence_n at_o the_o former_a of_o these_o city_n and_o the_o protestant_n in_o the_o 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son_n now_o live_v who_o be_v not_o yet_o full_a three_o year_n old_a will_v be_v elect_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n or_o the_o grow_a interest_n of_o the_o french_a king_n may_v engage_v a_o party_n strong_a enough_o for_o the_o dauphin_n be_v a_o question_n that_o time_n only_o can_v resolve_v of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o german_a emperor_n though_o the_o word_n imperator_fw-la and_o rex_fw-la seem_v to_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n yet_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o all_o nation_n have_v for_o many_o year_n distinguish_v between_o a_o emperor_n and_o a_o king_n and_o give_v the_o former_a the_o preeminence_n all_o the_o european_a monarch_n that_o write_v themselves_o king_n do_v willing_o and_o ready_o give_v place_n to_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n who_o ambassador_n in_o foreign_a court_n be_v always_o first_o admit_v to_o audience_n david_n vngnade_n the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n ambassador_n at_o the_o court_n of_o constantinople_n have_v design_v to_o take_v formal_a 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general_o receive_v opinion_n among_o the_o commonalty_n and_o the_o tradition_n be_v stiff_o assert_v and_o maintain_v by_o many_o of_o their_o most_o famous_a writer_n that_o the_o german_a empire_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o which_o the_o roman_n ancient_o pretend_v to_o and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o they_o call_v their_o emperor_n der_n romischer_n kayser_n that_o be_v the_o roman_a cesar_n and_o the_o german_a empire_n das_n heilige_v romische_n reich_n that_o be_v the_o holy_a roman_a empire_n i_o shall_v not_o here_o stay_v to_o inquire_v after_o the_o large_a extent_n of_o the_o old_a roman_a empire_n or_o the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o their_o emperor_n it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o know_v that_o petronius_n verse_n orbem_fw-la jam_fw-la totum_fw-la victor_n romanus_n habebat_fw-la be_v only_o a_o hyperbolical_a rant_v and_o when_o st._n luke_n tell_v sus_fw-la there_o go_v out_o a_o decree_n from_o cesar_n augustus_n that_o all_o the_o world_n shall_v be_v tax_v he_o mean_v no_o more_o by_o the_o word_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d than_o the_o several_a province_n and_o territory_n of_o which_o the_o roman_n have_v then_o make_v themselves_o master_n so_o that_o though_o we_o shall_v grant_v which_o we_o shall_v find_v but_o little_a reason_n to_o do_v that_o the_o whole_a power_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o roman_a caesar_n descend_v upon_o the_o german_a emperor_n it_o will_v not_o thence_o follow_v what_o some_o of_o the_o high_a dutch_a writer_n endeavour_v to_o make_v out_o that_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o europe_n to_o go_v no_o further_o aught_o to_o pay_v some_o homage_n or_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n but_o we_o can_v indeed_o allow_v they_o so_o much_o as_o this_o that_o the_o german_a emperor_n have_v any_o right_a or_o title_n to_o the_o ancient_a roman_a empire_n the_o original_n of_o this_o conceit_n spring_v hence_o charles_n the_o great_a in_o the_o year_n 800_o come_v to_o rome_n upon_o some_o 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julius_n cesar_n who_o questionless_a if_o we_o believe_v the_o more_o credible_a roman_a historian_n never_o see_v this_o country_n however_o that_o the_o story_n in_o the_o main_n be_v true_a and_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n do_v indeed_o worship_v a_o image_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v agree_v on_o by_o all_o the_o dutch_a antiquary_n although_o they_o be_v at_o a_o loss_n to_o find_v out_o how_o their_o ancestor_n come_v come_v by_o the_o latin_a name_n of_o lunus_n or_o luna_fw-la there_o be_v to_o this_o day_n several_a river_n and_o town_n in_o this_o dukedom_n and_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n which_o still_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o lune_fw-fr the_o old_a annal_n of_o the_o cathedral_n church_n at_o vehrden_n say_v that_o this_o idol_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o mountain_n far_o from_o luneburg_n call_v at_o this_o day_n kalk-berg_n from_o the_o abundance_n of_o lime_n find_v there_o be_v first_o destroy_v by_o aegisthus_n one_o of_o the_o seventy_o disciple_n that_o first_o plant_v christianity_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n yet_o afterward_o when_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o as_o well_o as_o many_o other_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n relapse_v into_o their_o ancient_a idolatry_n the_o image_n be_v again_o set_v up_o and_o worship_v until_o at_o last_o it_o be_v final_o remove_v by_o suibert_n not_o wibert_n as_o some_o of_o their_o historian_n write_v the_o word_n the_o first_o bishop_n of_o vehrden_n who_o in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o this_o goddess_n temple_n stand_v build_v a_o splendid_a monastery_n about_o the_o year_n 780_o which_o be_v by_o he_o dedicate_v to_o st._n mary_n cluverius_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o whole_a country_n about_o luneburg_n and_o vltzen_n which_o be_v a_o city_n about_o twenty_o english_a mile_n distant_a from_o luneburg_n towards_o the_o south_n be_v first_o inhabit_v by_o the_o cathulci_n who_o he_o guess_v to_o have_v be_v a_o province_n of_o the_o cherusci_n who_o territory_n reach_v much_o far_o up_o into_o the_o empire_n the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n be_v everywhere_o full_a of_o large_a wood_n and_o forest_n many_o of_o which_o be_v note_v in_o the_o map_n abound_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o deer_n wild_a swine_n and_o other_o kind_n of_o venison_n sâil_n nature_n of_o the_o sâil_n the_o most_o note_a forest_n wherein_o the_o duke_n of_o zell_n usual_o spend_v the_o hunt_a season_n of_o the_o year_n accompany_v with_o several_a of_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n count_n and_o other_o noble_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v raarbroock_v die_v roffkammer_n grode_n bergerwald_n kralingerbroeck_n in_o ringelow_n in_o lewen_v and_o in_o dromeling_n another_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v take_v up_o with_o vast_a heath_n and_o waste_v the_o large_a of_o which_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o die_n lunenburgurgische_n heyde_n lie_v on_o the_o west_n of_o the_o city_n luneburg_n be_v a_o great_a share_n of_o the_o dukedom_n for_o several_a german_a mile_n together_o whole_o desert_a and_o uninhabited_a ducatus_n luneburgenis_n adiacentiumque_fw-la regionum_fw-la delineatio_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a what_o kind_n of_o government_n the_o ancient_a saxon_n of_o which_o great_a nation_n the_o present_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n be_v only_o two_o small_a branch_n be_v subject_a to_o ãâ¦ã_o ãâ¦ã_o we_o have_v already_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o account_n and_o in_o the_o same_o state_n of_o anarchy_n and_o confusion_n they_o have_v probable_o to_o this_o day_n continue_v if_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a have_v not_o new_o model_v their_o government_n and_o make_v they_o sensible_a of_o the_o convenience_n of_o be_v constant_o subject_a and_o obedient_a to_o some_o supreme_a ruler_n and_o magistrate_n but_o this_o he_o can_v never_o effect_v by_o conquest_n or_o the_o sword_n only_a religion_n by_o degree_n reduce_v they_o into_o a_o formal_a commonwealth_n and_o the_o precept_n of_o christianity_n first_o teach_v they_o how_o to_o obey_v the_o law_n of_o temporal_a as_o well_o as_o spiritual_a prince_n for_o the_o forementioned_a emperor_n have_v win_v over_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o the_o profession_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n get_v several_a bishopric_n erect_v in_o many_o part_n of_o the_o land_n and_o persuade_v the_o neighbourhood_n to_o pay_v tithe_n and_o other_o church_n duty_n to_o the_o prelate_n he_o have_v set_v over_o these_o new_a diocese_n and_o this_o be_v the_o only_a government_n know_v for_o some_o age_n after_o in_o the_o territory_n which_o now_o be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n for_o although_o we_o read_v that_o the_o emperor_n lotharius_n make_v ludolf_n great_a grandchild_n to_o the_o famous_a wittikind_n that_o encounter_v charles_n the_o great_a duke_n of_o saxony_n yet_o crantzius_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o neither_o this_o ludolf_n nor_o his_o successor_n otho_n have_v any_o thing_n to_o do_v with_o the_o low_a saxony_n but_o be_v only_o make_v prince_n of_o thuringen_n meisen_n and_o some_o other_o province_n of_o the_o upper_a saxony_n indeed_o wittikind_a a_o author_n of_o great_a credit_n seem_v to_o assert_v the_o contrary_a tell_v we_o in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o his_o history_n that_o otho_n the_o first_o german_a emperor_n of_o that_o name_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o imperial_a throne_n leave_v behind_o he_o one_o herman_n a_o baron_n son_n so_o the_o learned_a meibomius_n prove_v he_o to_o have_v be_v though_o most_o of_o the_o dutch_a historian_n say_v he_o be_v descend_v from_o much_o mean_a parentage_n who_o he_o make_v his_o lieutenant_n in_o these_o part_n and_o to_o encourage_v he_o faithful_o to_o discharge_v his_o office_n settle_v several_a land_n and_o tenement_n upon_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o soon_o after_o the_o say_a emperor_n return_v out_o of_o italy_n where_o for_o some_o considerable_a time_n he_o have_v for_o weighty_a reason_n be_v force_v to_o keep_v his_o residence_n be_v so_o well_o please_v with_o herman_n acquit_v himself_n brave_o of_o the_o trust_v repose_v in_o he_o that_o immediate_o he_o make_v he_o duke_n of_o north_n saxony_n contain_v all_o the_o territory_n now_o subject_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o luneburg_n and_o lawenburg_n together_o with_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n dominion_n this_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 966._o by_o this_o mean_v the_o great_a dukedom_n come_v to_o be_v divide_v dukedom_n dukedom_n and_o a_o new_a dukedom_n the_o prince_n whereof_o however_o style_v themselves_o duke_n of_o saxony_n erect_v out_o of_o it_o which_o be_v govern_v by_o herman_n and_o his_o successor_n bruno_n bernhard_n artolf_n and_o magnus_n the_o last_o of_o these_o die_v without_o any_o heir_n male_a though_o not_o in_o the_o emperor_n prison_n as_o some_o historian_n have_v confident_o report_v but_o at_o home_n in_o his_o own_o house_n in_o the_o year_n 1106._o whereupon_o the_o dukedom_n of_o the_o low_a saxony_n be_v give_v by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n v._o to_o lotharius_n baron_n of_o querfurt_n after_o lotharius_n death_n henry_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n surname_v the_o proud_a get_v possession_n of_o this_o dukedom_n which_o he_o challenge_v upon_o a_o double_a account_n as_o have_v marry_v lotharius_n daughter_n and_o be_v himself_o the_o son_n of_o wolfbilde_a daughter_n to_o duke_n magnus_n lotharius_n predecessor_n but_o albert_n surname_v vrsus_fw-la marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n oppose_v he_o with_o so_o good_a success_n at_o first_o that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v the_o city_n of_o lunenburg_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o adjoin_a territory_n out_o of_o which_o nevertheless_o he_o make_v a_o shift_n to_o beat_v back_o albert_n at_o last_o and_o so_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n the_o pretension_n which_o albert_n have_v to_o this_o dukedom_n be_v ground_v upon_o his_o be_v son_n to_o duke_n magnus_n elder_a daughter_n elicke_n whereas_o henry_n be_v only_o descend_v from_o the_o young_a and_o therefore_o have_v the_o worse_a title_n if_o his_o father-in-law_n lotharius_n right_o have_v prove_v insignificant_a this_o henry_n leave_v behind_o he_o one_o only_a son_n henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n a_o prince_n of_o so_o great_a and_o fortunate_a undertake_n in_o war_n that_o the_o german_a chronicle_n be_v full_a of_o his_o exploit_n some_o of_o the_o dutch_a historian_n tell_v we_o he_o extend_v his_o dominion_n from_o the_o rhine_n to_o the_o elb_n other_o say_v from_o the_o adriatic_a to_o the_o baltic_a sea_n a_o three_o sort_n go_v yet_o further_o and_o make_v he_o lord_n of_o holstein_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o denmark_n certain_a it_o be_v he_o be_v a_o victorious_a prince_n and_o ruler_n over_o more_o province_n than_o any_o of_o his_o successor_n can_v lay_v claim_n to_o
he_o mention_n yet_o upon_o examination_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o this_o wisimir_n if_o ever_o there_o be_v any_o such_o man_n must_v have_v slay_v siward_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 340_o and_o we_o never_o hear_v of_o duke_n lechus_n in_o poland_n before_o the_o year_n 550_o nay_o some_o say_v he_o begin_v his_o government_n in_o the_o year_n 644._o wherefore_o omit_v these_o impertinent_a contradiction_n and_o anticronism_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o wismar_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o convenience_n of_o its_o situation_n wis-mee_a signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o safe_a and_o secure_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n such_o a_o one_o as_o that_o be_v upon_o which_o this_o city_n be_v now_o seat_v nor_o be_v the_o town_n so_o ancient_a as_o they_o will_v make_v it_o but_o first_o build_v or_o at_o least_o make_v a_o city_n out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o mecklenburg_n which_o as_o have_v be_v already_o say_v be_v once_o the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o whole_a dukedom_n about_o the_o year_n 1250_o or_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o 1238_o by_o gunceline_n ii_o earl_n of_o swerin_n afterward_o henry_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n for_o his_o great_a performance_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n surname_v hierosolymitanus_n bring_v hither_o the_o statute_n and_o ordinance_n observe_v in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o city_n of_o lubec_n and_o new_o model_v wismar_n about_o the_o year_n 1266._o from_o which_o time_n it_o grow_v so_o extravagant_o great_a and_o populous_a that_o within_o a_o very_a short_a time_n it_o be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a hans-town_n and_o be_v make_v the_o harbour_n for_o all_o the_o man_n of_o war_n belong_v to_o that_o society_n this_o engage_v the_o whole_a community_n to_o contribute_v towards_o its_o fortification_n insomuch_o that_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o very_a few_o year_n it_o become_v almost_o impregnable_a by_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n the_o city_n and_o haven_n of_o wismar_n with_o the_o castle_n of_o wallfrisch_n and_o the_o peninsula_n of_o pole_n except_v the_o village_n of_o schedorff_n weitendorff_n brandenhusen_n and_o wangeren_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o hospital_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n in_o lubec_n as_o also_o newen-clost_a be_v give_v up_o to_o the_o swede_n since_o which_o time_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v always_o style_v himself_o lord_n of_o wismar_n but_o in_o these_o late_a war_n between_o the_o two_o northern_a crown_n the_o city_n of_o wismar_n among_o many_o other_o be_v take_v by_o the_o present_a victorious_a king_n of_o denmark_n christian_a v._n although_o it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o eight_o article_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n sign_v at_o fountainblaeu_n on_o the_o second_o day_n of_o september_n in_o the_o year_n 1679_o by_o the_o french_a and_o danish_a minister_n that_o wismar_n and_o rugen_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o swede_n within_o three_o week_n after_o the_o ratification_n of_o the_o say_a treaty_n yet_o in_o a_o second_o treaty_n sign_v on_o the_o twenty-sixth_a day_n of_o the_o same_o month_n at_o lunden_n in_o schonen_fw-mi it_o be_v agree_v that_o wismar_n shall_v remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n as_o a_o surety_n for_o the_o arrear_n of_o certain_a contribution_n due_a from_o that_o king_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n this_o obligation_n it_o seem_v be_v not_o yet_o cancel_v for_o the_o dane_n to_o this_o day_n keep_v possession_n of_o this_o great_a town_n and_o be_v not_o like_a to_o be_v force_v in_o any_o short_a time_n to_o yield_v it_o up_o iii_o rostock_n rostock_n rostock_n a_o city_n of_o great_a antiquity_n if_o we_o believe_v the_o story_n which_o some_o of_o the_o german_a antiquary_n report_v of_o it_o for_o they_o tell_v we_o that_o this_o be_v the_o very_a place_n which_o several_a of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a writer_n point_v at_o when_o they_o report_v great_a thing_n of_o lacinium_n rhodopolis_n and_o laciburgium_n all_o which_o name_v the_o 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the_o seal_n of_o the_o city_n and_o other_o ancient_a monument_n that_o the_o true_a name_n of_o the_o town_n be_v rotzstock_n and_o he_o guess_v that_o this_o name_n be_v first_o give_v it_o from_o a_o great_a red_a pillar_n von_fw-mi einem_fw-la rothen_fw-ge soul_fw-mi oder_fw-ge stock_n which_o in_o the_o day_n of_o paganism_n and_o idolatry_n be_v worship_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n and_o this_o conjecture_n seem_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o name_n of_o rhodopolis_n beforementioned_a not_o to_o mention_v its_o be_v back_v with_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o learned_a man_n and_o great_a antiquary_n but_o whatever_o grand_a conceit_n the_o mecklenburger_n may_v have_v of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o city_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o the_o year_n 329_o it_o be_v only_o a_o small_a inconsiderable_a village_n build_v by_o some_o poor_a fisherman_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o warna_n and_o consist_v of_o a_o few_o slender_a tent_n rather_o than_o house_n 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tree_n in_o the_o common_a garden_n but_o of_o late_a year_n one_o of_o their_o bridge_n be_v decay_v with_o age_n fall_v down_o and_o because_o of_o no_o great_a use_n have_v not_o since_o be_v repair_v so_o that_o one_o of_o their_o septenaries_n be_v fail_v the_o most_o notable_a commodity_n of_o the_o town_n be_v beer_n which_o be_v here_o brew_v and_o carry_v into_o several_a part_n of_o germany_n and_o other_o nation_n a_o rostocker_n will_v tell_v we_o that_o yearly_a by_o the_o 250_o privilege_a brewer_n in_o this_o city_n there_o be_v at_o least_o so_o many_o thousand_o tun_n of_o beer_n brew_v beside_o the_o vast_a quantity_n which_o many_o of_o the_o private_a citizen_n man_n especial_o of_o the_o chief_a rank_n and_o repute_v must_v be_v suppose_v to_o brew_v for_o their_o own_o use_n the_o university_n at_o rostock_n which_o be_v now_o one_o of_o the_o large_a and_o best_a stock_v in_o the_o german_a empire_n be_v first_o found_v by_o john_n
pomeren_n with_o which_o dukedom_n after_o the_o failure_n of_o that_o line_n it_o shall_v have_v be_v annex_v to_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n but_o as_o have_v be_v before_o note_v in_o consideration_n of_o the_o signal_n favour_v the_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v do_v the_o protestant_a party_n in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n the_o prince_n concern_v in_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n think_v fit_a to_o annex_v the_o low_a pomeren_n to_o the_o dominion_n of_o that_o king_n and_o as_o a_o part_n of_o this_o dukedom_n the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n be_v throw_v into_o the_o bargain_n afterward_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n frideric_n iii_o begin_v to_o revive_v some_o ancient_a pretension_n of_o some_o of_o his_o ancestor_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o rugen_n but_o the_o ensue_a war_n betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n of_o which_o we_o have_v give_v the_o reader_n some_o account_n in_o the_o description_n of_o denmark_n put_v a_o end_n as_o it_o be_v think_v to_o these_o pretension_n for_o the_o say_v frideric_n in_o the_o treaty_n of_o roschild_n make_v between_o the_o two_o northern_a crown_n in_o the_o year_n 1658_o disclaim_v all_o right_a and_o title_n to_o the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n however_o notwithstanding_o the_o promise_n and_o protestation_n make_v in_o that_o treaty_n the_o present_a king_n of_o denmark_n show_v that_o contract_v make_v between_o great_a prince_n and_o commonwealth_n be_v no_o long_o obligatory_a than_o consistent_a with_o the_o intrigue_n of_o state_n for_o hear_v that_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n have_v besiege_v stetin_n and_o that_o count_n koningsmarck_n the_o valiant_a swedish_n governor_n of_o rugen_n have_v thereupon_o draw_v the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o force_n into_o pomeren_n leave_v the_o island_n of_o rugen_n to_o be_v defend_v by_o a_o small_a company_n of_o about_o fifty_o horse_n he_o immediate_o ship_v six_o thousand_o soldier_n intend_v with_o they_o to_o surprise_v the_o 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be_v say_v to_o have_v take_v from_o the_o dane_n beside_o a_o incredible_a number_n of_o prisoner_n six_o and_o twenty_o standard_n sixteen_o field-piece_n five_o mortar-piece_n and_o thirty_o thousand_o rixdollar_n in_o money_n yet_o this_o unhappy_a overthrow_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o discourage_v the_o brave_a king_n christian_n from_o a_o second_o adventure_n and_o the_o draw_v back_o his_o arm_n after_o this_o defeat_n seem_v only_o intend_v to_o fetch_v the_o great_a blow_n for_o have_v double_v his_o force_n in_o the_o year_n follow_v 1678_o he_o fall_v upon_o the_o rugian_o with_o that_o irresistible_a strength_n and_o courage_n which_o oblige_v they_o to_o resign_v up_o the_o whole_a island_n upon_o his_o own_o term_n and_o it_o may_v to_o this_o day_n have_v be_v at_o his_o devotion_n have_v not_o the_o french_a king_n strike_v in_o as_o mediator_n betwixt_o the_o northern_a crown_n in_o the_o alte_fw-la treaty_n sign_v by_o the_o danish_a and_o swedish_n minister_n at_o lunden_n in_o schonen_fw-mi sept._n 26._o a._n d._n 1679_o by_o the_o seven_o article_n of_o which_o treaty_n it_o be_v agree_v because_o lewis_n the_o great_a be_v please_v to_o have_v it_o so_o that_o rugen_n shall_v be_v deliver_v up_o to_o the_o swede_n on_o or_o before_o the_o six_o of_o december_n follow_v according_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n be_v now_o repossess_v of_o that_o island_n and_o have_v send_v in_o new_a garrison_n to_o fortify_v and_o defend_v it_o against_o all_o future_a assault_n of_o its_o formidable_a neighbour_n the_o dane_n and_o brandenburger_n the_o only_a town_n of_o note_n in_o the_o whole_a isle_n of_o rugen_n be_v bergen_n to_n to_n situate_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o island_n it_o have_v the_o name_n of_o a_o city_n give_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 1190_o but_o so_o little_o deserve_v that_o title_n that_o it_o have_v not_o the_o advantage_n of_o be_v fortify_v or_o wall_v round_o all_o the_o account_n which_o modern_a traveller_n give_v of_o it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o better_a sort_n of_o village_n consist_v of_o about_o four_o hundred_o house_n stralsund_v indeed_o seem_v the_o metropolis_n of_o rugen_n and_o as_o it_o be_v former_o may_v still_o be_v so_o account_v if_o we_o consider_v the_o many_o and_o great_a privilege_n which_o the_o burgher_n of_o that_o city_n still_o pretend_v to_o in_o that_o island_n for_o 1._o the_o high_a court_n of_o admiralty_n in_o stralsund_n determine_v all_o cause_n and_o contest_v arise_v in_o any_o of_o the_o port-town_n in_o rugen_n and_o therefore_o because_o the_o stralsunder_n will_v not_o assign_v over_o this_o jurisdiction_n to_o any_o delegate_n reside_v in_o the_o island_n the_o rugian_o be_v oblige_v upon_o debate_n of_o all_o such_o quarrel_n to_o repair_v to_o stralsund_v for_o judgement_n 2._o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o citizen_n of_o stralsund_n no_o definitive_a sentence_n can_v be_v give_v nor_o no_o court_n of_o equity_n or_o judicature_n whatever_o erect_v in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o isle_n 3._o the_o rugian_o may_v not_o without_o leave_n first_o obtain_v from_o the_o common_a council_n of_o stralsund_n export_v any_o manner_n of_o grain_n or_o other_o commodity_n or_o brew_v beer_n for_o sale_n in_o short_a this_o city_n be_v the_o key_n of_o the_o island_n and_o the_o only_a fortress_n upon_o which_o depend_v its_o security_n or_o ruin_n so_o that_o have_v rugen_n be_v keep_v by_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o stralsund_v by_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n according_a to_o the_o right_n of_o conquest_n in_o the_o late_a war_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o those_o new_a accession_n will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n have_v occasion_v quarrel_n and_o animosity_n between_o the_o two_o prince_n the_o elector_n will_v questionless_a have_v be_v loath_a to_o have_v disclaim_v all_o right_a and_o title_n to_o the_o privilege_n which_o the_o city_n of_o stralsund_n now_o challenge_v in_o rugen_n and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n his_o majesty_n of_o denmark_n will_v in_o all_o probability_n have_v be_v as_o unwilling_a to_o have_v suffer_v any_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o lord_n it_o in_o his_o dominion_n it_o be_v almost_o necessary_a consider_v the_o present_a state_n of_o stralsund_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n that_o both_o these_o place_n shall_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o master_n though_o not_o impossible_a to_o make_v the_o island_n at_o least_o independent_a upon_o if_o not_o a_o terror_n to_o that_o city_n for_o since_o all_o the_o merchant_n ship_n which_o come_v from_o the_o danish_a sund_n to_o the_o city_n of_o stralsund_n be_v oblige_v to_o sail_v round_o the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n it_o will_v not_o possible_o be_v so_o expensive_a as_o profitable_a to_o build_v three_o or_o four_o good_a port-town_n in_o wittow_n jasmumd_v and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o island_n and_o thereby_o not_o only_o command_v all_o ship_n that_o sail_v this_o road_n but_o also_o divert_v the_o grand_a current_n of_o trade_n from_o stralsund_n to_o rugen_n the_o storehouse_n of_o that_o city_n but_o as_o long_o as_o the_o city_n of_o stralsund_n want_v provision_n for_o its_o inhabitant_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n vent_n for_o its_o great_a abundance_n of_o corn_n and_o other_o commodity_n there_o seem_v to_o be_v such_o a_o mutual_a dependence_n between_o the_o two_o place_n that_o to_o subject_v they_o to_o different_a master_n manifest_o threaten_v the_o destruction_n of_o their_o common_a interest_n though_o never_o poor_a island_n have_v be_v more_o miserable_o mangle_a and_o afflict_v with_o war_n witness_n the_o civil_a war_n in_o germany_n and_o the_o late_a northern_a broil_n nobility_n nobility_n in_o both_o which_o rugen_n be_v several_a time_n take_v and_o retake_v yet_o you_o shall_v meet_v with_o a_o great_a many_o noble_a family_n that_o pretend_v to_o derive_v their_o pedigree_n from_o the_o true_a ancient_a rugii_fw-la
whole_a army_n 16._o otto_n depose_v by_o honorius_n for_o simony_n 17._o rudolf_n founder_n of_o st._n mary_n church_n in_o halberstadt_n 18._o vlric_n who_o engage_v himself_o in_o a_o war_n against_o henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n to_o the_o almost_o utter_a destruction_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o successor_n for_o the_o city_n be_v take_v by_o the_o say_v duke_n army_n and_o burn_v down_o to_o the_o ground_n the_o citizen_n also_o and_o clergyman_n take_v sanctuary_n in_o the_o cathedral_n perish_v in_o the_o same_o flame_n with_o their_o church_n 19_o theodoric_n who_o rebuilt_a the_o cathedral_n which_o his_o predecessor_n have_v so_o unfortunate_o destroy_v 20._o barthold_n 21._o conrade_n 22._o frideric_n burggrave_n of_o kirchberg_n 23._o ludolf_n count_n of_o schladem_n 24._o meinhard_n 25._o ludolf_n the_o second_o count_n of_o schladem_n 26._o wolrad_n count_n kranichfeld_n 27._o herman_n count_n of_o blanckenburg_n 28._o albert_n count_n of_o anhalt_n 29._o albert_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n a_o great_a warrior_n who_o fight_v above_o twenty_o pitch_a battle_n as_o the_o chronicle_n of_o brunswic_n inform_v we_o and_o come_v off_o most_o common_o a_o conqueror_n 30._o ludowic_n landgraf_n of_o thuringen_n and_o marquis_n of_o misnia_n 31._o albert_n a_o great_a philosopher_n but_o unfortunate_a soldier_n overcome_v in_o battle_n by_o gerhard_n bishop_n of_o hildesheim_n a_o eloquent_a prelate_n in_o remembrance_n of_o which_o overthrow_n the_o burgher_n of_o halberstadt_n have_v to_o this_o day_n a_o proverbial_a say_n among_o they_o klanck_a uberwand_a den_n ranck_n that_o be_v rhetoric_n prove_v too_o hard_o for_o logic._n 32._o ernest_n count_n of_o honstein_n 33._o rudolf_n count_n of_o anhalt_n 34._o henry_n baron_n of_o werberge_n 35._o albert_n count_n of_o werningenrode_n 36._o john_n von_fw-mi hoym._n 37._o burcard_n baron_n of_o werberg_n 38._o gerhard_n von_fw-mi hoym._n 39_o ernest_n duke_n of_o saxony_n 40._o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n 41._o john_n albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n 42._o frideric_n elector_n of_o brandenburg_n 43._o sigismond_n brother_n to_o his_o predecessor_n frideric_n 44._o henry_n julius_n son_n of_o julius_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n elect_v bishop_n when_o he_o be_v a_o child_n of_o two_o year_n old_a upon_o condition_n that_o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n shall_v have_v the_o whole_a government_n in_o their_o hand_n for_o twelve_o year_n pay_v only_o during_o the_o say_a term_n a_o certain_a yearly_a stipend_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o church_n to_o their_o infant-prelate_n in_o the_o year_n 1591._o this_o bishop_n abolish_v popish_a ceremony_n and_o establish_v the_o reform_a religion_n in_o the_o cathedral_n at_o halberstadt_n 45._o henry_n charles_n son_n of_o the_o forementioned_a henry_n julius_n he_o die_v at_o six_o year_n of_o age_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o brother_n 46._o rudolf_n who_o also_o die_v the_o year_n follow_v and_o so_o the_o diocese_n come_v to_o his_o brother_n 47._o christian_n a_o great_a champion_n in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n but_o not_o very_o fortunate_a 48._o leopold_n william_n archduke_n of_o austria_n the_o last_o bishop_n of_o this_o place_n in_o his_o time_n the_o reform_a religion_n be_v lay_v aside_o and_o popery_n once_o more_o establish_v in_o halberstadt_n but_o not_o long_o after_o the_o swedish_n army_n have_v take_v the_o town_n restore_v the_o augsburg_n confession_n and_o keep_v possession_n of_o the_o city_n and_o diocese_n until_o the_o ratification_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n by_o which_o as_o we_o have_v say_v it_o be_v give_v to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n under_o the_o title_n of_o a_o principality_n in_o which_o estate_n it_o continue_v unto_o this_o day_n the_o town_n of_o halberstadt_n be_v tolerable_o well_o build_v halberstadt_n halberstadt_n the_o street_n be_v straight_o and_o uniform_a and_o many_o of_o the_o building_n fair_a and_o stately_a the_o most_o remarkable_a thing_n in_o the_o town_n be_v the_o commiss_n a_o vast_a inn_n build_v by_o henry_n julius_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n and_o bishop_n of_o halberstadt_n this_o be_v think_v to_o contain_v more_o and_o better_a accommodation_n for_o stranger_n than_o any_o other_o house_n of_o its_o kind_n in_o europe_n albert_n count_n of_o wallenstein_n and_o duke_n of_o friedland_n general_n of_o the_o emperor_n force_n in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n keep_v his_o court_n for_o some_o month_n in_o this_o inn_n and_o find_v lodging_n in_o it_o for_o all_o his_o attendant_n and_o guard_n other_o town_n of_o note_n in_o this_o principality_n be_v gruningen_n gruningen_n 1._o gruningen_n where_o be_v ancient_o keep_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o halberstadt_n in_o the_o year_n 1593._o the_o old_a castle_n be_v demolish_v and_o a_o new_a one_o build_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o henry_n julius_n before_o mention_v the_o only_a remarkable_a thing_n in_o this_o place_n at_o present_a be_v the_o great_a organ_n in_o the_o new_a chapel_n and_o winefat_a in_o the_o outer_a court_n the_o late_a of_o these_o be_v make_v as_o the_o inscription_n show_v by_o one_o michael_n werner_n of_o landau_n upon_o the_o rhine_n possible_o in_o imitation_n of_o that_o much_o large_a one_o at_o heydelberg_n of_o which_o the_o reader_n may_v expect_v a_o description_n in_o its_o place_n this_o at_o gruningen_n will_v hold_v 161_o wagon_n load_v of_o wine_n reckon_v six_o hogshead_n to_o each_o load_n 2._o oschersleben_n oschersleben_n oschersleben_n a_o small_a town_n on_o the_o border_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o magdeburg_n not_o far_o from_o which_o lie_v hornhausen_n now_o a_o despicable_a village_n but_o once_o the_o large_a town_n on_o the_o two_o 3._o osterwic_n a_o strong_a little_a town_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n ilse_n it_o ancient_a name_n be_v salingstede_n in_o which_o place_n as_o we_o have_v say_v the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a first_o found_v the_o bishopric_n which_o be_v afterward_o by_o its_o first_o bishop_n hildegrine_n remove_v to_o halberstadt_n upon_o this_o removal_n say_v werdenhagen_n the_o town_n get_v the_o new_a name_n of_o osterwic_n which_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o be_o osten_v wieken_fw-mi oder_fw-ge weichen_fw-ge i.e._n to_o move_v towards_o the_o east_n to_o these_o i_o think_v we_o may_v add_v the_o city_n of_o quedlingburg_n a_o considerable_a and_o well_o situate_a town_n on_o the_o river_n bode_n but_o because_o it_o be_v subject_a at_o present_a to_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n we_o shall_v reserve_v a_o more_o particular_a description_n of_o it_o till_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o some_o of_o that_o prince_n dominion_n thuringia_n lantgraviatus_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a serenissimo_fw-la fortissimoque_fw-la principi_fw-la ac_fw-la domino_fw-la d_o bernardo_n duci_fw-la saxoniae_fw-la juliae_fw-la clivorum_fw-la montiumque_fw-la lantgravio_n thuringiae_fw-la march_n misniae_fw-la comiti_fw-la marcae_fw-la et_fw-la ravensbergae_n domino_fw-la ravestini_n etc_n hanc_fw-la accuratissimam_fw-la totius_fw-la thuringiae_fw-la tabulam_fw-la lubens_fw-la consecrat_fw-mi dedicatque_fw-la henricus_fw-la hondius_n the_o landgraviat_fw-la of_o thuringen_n duringen_n or_o thuringen_n in_o latin_a author_n duringia_n and_o thuringia_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o old_a deuringi_n toringi_n turingi_n or_o thuringi_n who_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o vandalii_fw-la mention_v by_o tacitus_n and_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n cluverius_n in_o his_o incomparable_a description_n of_o old_a germany_n give_v we_o a_o large_a account_n of_o the_o manner_n religion_n etc._n etc._n of_o these_o people_n together_o with_o a_o learned_a account_n of_o their_o first_o pass_v over_o the_o elb_n out_o of_o the_o mark_n and_o fix_v themselves_o in_o this_o place_n micraelius_n guess_v from_o the_o name_n of_o several_a town_n in_o thuringen_n such_o as_o gotha_n gotleben_n altengothen_n etc._n etc._n that_o the_o thuringi_n be_v a_o gothic_a people_n and_o no_o branch_n of_o the_o vandal_n as_o cluverius_n will_v make_v they_o but_o his_o argument_n will_v only_o prove_v that_o some_o part_n of_o the_o gothic_a nation_n have_v former_o intermix_v itself_o with_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n and_o not_o that_o the_o goth_n be_v once_o sole_a master_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n any_o more_o than_o the_o meeting_n with_o a_o few_o english_a name_n of_o town_n in_o pembrokeshire_n and_o other_o part_n of_o wales_n will_v demonstrate_v the_o welsh_a man_n to_o be_v of_o a_o anglo-saxonic_a extraction_n this_o province_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o river_n sala_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o hercynean_a wood_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o river_n werra_n on_o the_o south_n its_o utmost_a bound_n be_v those_o vast_a wood_n which_o separate_v it_o from_o franconia_n and_o be_v usual_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o thuringian_n forest_n the_o country_n abound_v almost_o everywhere_o with_o corn_n and_o in_o some_o place_n
they_o in_o the_o year_n 1648_o which_o have_v not_o since_o be_v rebuilt_a however_o the_o place_n be_v still_o beautify_v with_o a_o fair_a church_n college_n and_o town-hall_n and_o the_o street_n especial_o the_o marketplace_n which_o be_v in_o a_o exact_a square_n be_v general_o neat_a and_o uniform_a oelsse_a have_v ancient_o its_o own_o duke_n who_o keep_v his_o residence_n in_o that_o city_n but_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o duke_n conrade_n the_o eight_o in_o the_o year_n 1492._o the_o dukedom_n be_v give_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o munsterberg_n who_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v lord_n of_o it_o in_o this_o principality_n be_v reckon_v the_o small_a city_n of_o bernstatt_n festenberg_n kunstatt_n stroppen_n mosebahr_n hundsfeld_n and_o trebnitz_n vi_o the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o breslaw_n breslaw_n or_o wratislavia_n the_o metropolis_n of_o silesia_n have_v its_o name_n from_o wratislaus_n a_o bohemian_a prince_n its_o first_o founder_n whence_o the_o citizen_n bear_v a_o great_a w_n in_o their_o coat_n of_o arm_n to_o this_o day_n it_o be_v seat_v at_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o two_o river_n other_o and_o ohla_n in_o a_o rich_a and_o pleasant_a country_n towards_o the_o north_n indeed_o there_o be_v some_o marsh_n and_o moist_a field_n whence_o be_v now_o and_o then_o some_o unwholesome_a gale_n send_v into_o the_o town_n and_o the_o whole_a city_n be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v build_v in_o the_o place_n of_o a_o great_a pond_n dry_v up_o the_o citizen_n who_o be_v exceed_o numerous_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a traffic_n with_o the_o hungarian_n bohemian_o polander_n and_o other_o foreign_a merchant_n who_o resort_v hither_o be_v say_v to_o be_v as_o neat_a and_o gentile_a in_o their_o clothes_n and_o cookery_n as_o any_o other_o of_o the_o emperor_n subject_n whatever_o breslawer_n love_v to_o be_v esteem_v immediate_a member_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o can_v endure_v to_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o they_o have_v obtain_v leave_n of_o the_o emperor_n to_o bear_v the_o spread_a eagle_n in_o their_o escutcheon_n and_o that_o they_o petition_v charles_n v._o to_o confirm_v their_o privilege_n for_o this_o reason_n m._n boregius_n a_o breslaw_a who_o write_v a_o chronicle_n of_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n rank_n breslaw_n among_o the_o imperial_a city_n but_o never_o mention_v it_o with_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n town_n although_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o be_v former_o subject_n to_o that_o prince_n this_o goldastus_n in_o his_o learned_a treatise_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bchemia_n evident_o prove_v notwithstanding_o what_o be_v usual_o allege_v as_o a_o argument_n to_o the_o contrary_a by_o some_o ignorant_a and_o silly_a historian_n that_o it_o be_v once_o one_o of_o the_o hans-town_n the_o generality_n of_o the_o building_n in_o this_o city_n be_v fair_a and_o stately_a only_o on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o other_o stand_v four_o old_a fashion_a fabric_n with_o turret_n on_o the_o top_n which_o the_o antiquary_n of_o this_o place_n fancy_n to_o have_v be_v the_o ancient_a palace_n of_o so_o many_o schwabish_a prince_n who_o in_o former_a day_n be_v lord_n of_o this_o city_n beside_o the_o vast_a traffic_n of_o the_o citizen_n the_o town_n be_v famous_a for_o a_o bishop_n see_v and_o a_o university_n wherein_o have_v be_v breed_v many_o learned_a man_n and_o some_o great_a writer_n the_o bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n who_o have_v ancient_o the_o epiphet_n or_o title_n of_o golden_a give_v they_o from_o their_o vast_a revenue_n be_v put_v in_o by_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n who_o they_o acknowledge_v their_o supreme_a head_n at_o least_o in_o temporal_n it_o be_v a_o receive_a tradition_n in_o these_o part_n that_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n have_v no_o power_n to_o promote_v a_o stranger_n to_o any_o bishopric_n in_o silesia_n so_o that_o a_o bohemian_a be_v no_o more_o capable_a of_o be_v advance_v to_o one_o of_o their_o diocese_n then_o a_o silesian_n be_v of_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o prague_n but_o how_o false_a this_o report_n be_v historian_n will_v sufficient_o inform_v we_o boleslaus_n dukedom_n dukedom_n surname_v the_o long_a a_o polish_v prince_n be_v create_v the_o first_o duke_n of_o breslaw_n and_o lignitz_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n in_o the_o year_n 1163._o but_o these_o kind_n of_o petty_a prince_n not_o be_v able_a to_o secure_v their_o territory_n and_o especial_o this_o large_a and_o rich_a city_n which_o be_v a_o bait_n sufficient_a to_o tempt_v the_o most_o potent_a prince_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n from_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n polander_n and_o other_o foreign_a enemy_n the_o citizen_n of_o breslaw_n be_v force_v to_o put_v themselves_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n or_o as_o they_o will_v have_v it_o emperor_n of_o germany_n to_o who_o they_o be_v now_o immediate_o subject_a vii_o the_o town_n and_o dukedom_n of_o lignitz_n lignitz_n a_o fair_a city_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o a_o small_a rivulet_n call_v katsbach_n be_v think_v to_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o lygii_n city_n city_n a_o german_a people_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o part_n of_o silesia_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1170_o this_o town_n be_v much_o enlarge_v beautify_v and_o fortify_v by_o boleslaus_n the_o long_a the_o first_o duke_n of_o lignitz_n after_o he_o duke_n frideric_n the_o second_o so_o far_o improve_v his_o predecessor_n boleslaus_n undertake_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1532_o it_o become_v one_o of_o the_o best_a fortify_v city_n next_o to_o breslaw_n in_o all_o silesia_n thing_n best_o worth_a see_v in_o the_o town_n be_v the_o hospital_n the_o town-hall_n and_o castle_n the_o dukedom_n of_o lignitz_n be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o best_a corn-country_n in_o silesia_n dukedom_n dukedom_n and_o afford_v near_o as_o great_a plenty_n of_o the_o terra_fw-la sigillata_fw-la as_o the_o dukedom_n of_o schweidnitz_n especial_o the_o white_a sort_n which_o be_v here_o more_o plentiful_a then_o in_o any_o other_o province_n the_o whole_a be_v common_o subdivide_v into_o seven_o circle_n whereof_o four_o have_v name_n from_o the_o four_o city_n of_o luben_n parchwitz_n hayn_n and_o goldberg_n and_o the_o other_o three_o be_v the_o division_n of_o the_o barren_a or_o desert_a part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n viii_o the_o ducal_z city_n of_o jawer_n schweidnitz_n brieg_n monsterberg_n and_o oppelen_n the_o city_n of_o jawer_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a valley_n jawer_n jawer_n though_o not_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o rugged_a crag_n and_o mountain_n which_o separate_a silesia_n from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n it_o have_v not_o the_o advantage_n of_o any_o river_n near_o it_o so_o that_o all_o the_o fortification_n it_o have_v be_v high_a rampire_n and_o deep_a ditch_n there_o be_v little_a of_o note_n in_o the_o town_n but_o the_o church_n burn_v down_o in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n a._n d._n 1648._o but_o rebuilt_a more_o stately_a than_o before_o and_o the_o castle_n wherein_o reside_v the_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o two_o dukedom_n of_o jawer_n and_o schweidnitz_n the_o emperor_n charles_n iv_o king_n of_o bohemia_n marry_v ann_n daughter_n of_o henry_n ii_o duke_n of_o javer_n who_o with_o his_o brother_n bolco_n duke_n of_o schweidnitz_n die_v without_o issue_n whereupon_o these_o two_o dukedom_n be_v more_o immediate_o subject_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n in_o who_o hand_n they_o still_o remain_v to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o javer_n belong_v the_o town_n of_o buntzlau_n lemberg_n schonau_n greiffenberg_n lahn_n fridberg_n lubenthal_n schmideberg_n naumburg_n upon_o the_o queiss_n kupfferberg_n and_o hirschberg_n 2._o schweidnitz_n or_o schweinnitz_n schweidnitz_n schweidnitz_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o great_a herd_n of_o wild_a swine_n which_o be_v harbour_v in_o this_o place_n before_o the_o forest_n be_v cut_v down_o in_o the_o year_n 1070._o whence_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o town_n be_v a_o wild_a boar._n it_o be_v afterward_o much_o enlarge_v by_o boleslaus_n i._n who_o fortify_v it_o with_o wall_n and_o rampire_n and_o beautify_v it_o with_o several_a fair_a building_n so_o that_o it_o be_v now_o one_o of_o the_o fine_a city_n in_o silesia_n the_o most_o remarkable_a sight_n in_o the_o town_n next_o to_o the_o church_n and_o other_o public_a building_n be_v the_o great_a gun_n in_o the_o armoury_n which_o carry_v a_o bullet_n of_o three_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o pound_n weight_n this_o be_v by_o schickfusius_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o curaeus_n chronicle_n of_o silesia_n very_o improper_o reckon_v among_o the_o great_a and_o extraordinary_a blessing_n which_o the_o almighty_a have_v be_v please_v to_o bestow_v on_o some_o of_o the_o city_n in_o silesia_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o schweidnitz_n be_v the_o town_n of_o strigau_n memorable_a as_o we_o have_v already_o acquaint_v
place_n spring_v out_o of_o hill_n of_o alum_n brimstone_n and_o niter_n but_o their_o water_n be_v not_o so_o hot_a here_o as_o at_o baden_n drink_a inward_o they_o have_v be_v know_v to_o cure_v asthmae_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o stoppage_n and_o shortness_n of_o breath_n as_o also_o old_a and_o inveterate_a ague_n and_o fever_n by_o wash_v and_o bathe_v they_o cure_v the_o itch_n scab_n and_o leprosy_n and_o be_v a_o excellent_a remedy_n against_o old_a sore_n and_o bruise_n rotel_n sponheim_n susenburg_n and_o mahlberg_n badenweiler_n badenweiler_n be_v place_n which_o have_v be_v former_o of_o some_o note_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o castle_n or_o palace_n of_o some_o ancient_a prince_n of_o the_o empire_n who_o have_v borrow_a their_o title_n from_o the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o their_o family_n and_o hence_o the_o name_n of_o these_o old_a town_n be_v still_o register_v in_o the_o title_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o baden_n but_o otherwise_o they_o have_v nothing_o worthy_a of_o a_o description_n the_o landgraviate_n of_o alsace_n alsatia_n or_o elsass_n have_v its_o name_n in_o all_o probability_n from_o the_o river_n ell_n or_o ill_n which_o run_v through_o it_o whence_o elsassen_n as_o the_o german_n call_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o die_v a_o der_fw-mi elle_fw-fr sassen_n other_o wohnen_n i.e._n the_o people_n that_o dwell_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o elle_fw-fr some_o i_o know_v will_v have_v the_o ancient_a name_n of_o the_o country_n to_o be_v edel-sassen_a intimate_v a_o delicate_a and_o noble_a seat_n our_o countryman_n mr._n sheringham_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o observe_v make_v this_o a_o part_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n and_o by_o they_o call_v edel-sassen_a or_o noble_a as_o a_o piece_n of_o the_o rich_a and_o pleasant_a ground_n they_o be_v master_n of_o the_o country_n be_v certain_o as_o these_o late_a etymologist_n will_v make_v it_o as_o rich_a and_o noble_a a_o province_n as_o any_o in_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o as_o plentiful_o stock_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n especial_o corn_n and_o wine_n the_o hill_n be_v common_o cover_v with_o chesnut-grove_n and_o leberthal_n with_o some_o other_o valley_n afford_v good_a store_n of_o copper_n lead_v and_o other_o metal_n in_o some_o place_n you_o meet_v with_o rich_a meadow_n and_o fat_a pasture-ground_n which_o furnish_v the_o inhabitant_n with_o good_a butter_n and_o a_o sort_n of_o cheese_n equal_a if_o not_o preferable_a to_o the_o best_a in_o holland_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o schwaben_n and_o the_o dukedom_n of_o wirtenberg_n on_o the_o south_n with_o switzerland_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o dukedom_n of_o lorraine_n and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o county_n palatinate_n of_o the_o rhine_n the_o length_n of_o it_o be_v reckon_v at_o about_o twenty_o german_a mile_n though_o the_o breadth_n scarce_o any_o where_n exceed_v four_o this_o whole_a land_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o the_o franc_n and_o by_o their_o king_n hilderic_n bestow_v under_o the_o name_n of_o a_o dukedom_n on_o his_o favourite_n etico_n in_o the_o year_n 684._o etico_n be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n adelprecht_n who_o leave_v his_o two_o son_n linfrid_n and_o eberhard_n coheir_n of_o the_o dukedom_n after_o this_o the_o duke_n of_o this_o country_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o their_o dominion_n by_o charles_n martel_n hofmeister_n or_o lord_z chamberlain_z of_o the_o household_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n but_o in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n otho_n i._o the_o count_n of_o kiburg_n the_o emperor_n kinsman_n get_v possession_n of_o alsatia_n and_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o be_v make_v the_o first_o landgrave_v of_o this_o country_n other_o say_v that_o it_o be_v first_o divide_v into_o two_o landgraviate_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n otto_n iii_o in_o who_o time_n the_o upper_a alsace_n come_v first_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o count_n of_o haspurge_n who_o from_o thenceforward_o be_v lord_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n the_o low_a alsace_n be_v afterward_o by_o the_o earl_n of_o ottingen_n who_o get_v the_o possession_n of_o it_o after_o the_o decease_n of_o henry_n its_o landgrave_n without_o issue_n sell_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o strasburg_n who_o be_v like_a to_o continue_v master_n of_o it_o so_o long_o as_o the_o french_a king_n will_v give_v he_o leave_v alsatia_n be_v usual_o divide_v into_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a alsace_n beside_o the_o lesser_a territory_n of_o ortenaw_n brisgow_n hagenaw_n sungaw_n etc._n etc._n but_o most_o of_o these_o petty_a province_n may_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o upper_a alsace_n and_o come_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o upper_a landgraviate_v and_o the_o rest_n to_o the_o low_a the_o chief_a city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o the_o low_a alsace_n next_o to_o strasburg_n of_o which_o anon_o the_o chief_a town_n in_o the_o low_a alsace_n be_v zabern_n zabern_n zabern_n or_o elsasszabern_n as_o it_o be_v sometime_o call_v to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o other_o two_o city_n of_o the_o same_o name_n one_o in_o the_o palatinate_n and_o the_o other_o in_o bergen_n it_o be_v thought_n to_o be_v the_o tabernae_n mention_v by_o antonine_n and_o marcellinus_n one_o of_o the_o old_a roman_a garrison_n demolish_v by_o the_o ancient_a german_n but_o rebuilt_a by_o julian_n the_o apostate_n the_o city_n be_v defend_v by_o a_o strong_a castle_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a rock_n up_o to_o which_o you_o be_v lead_v by_o a_o narrow_a and_o rugged_a way_n cut_v out_o of_o the_o hard_a craggy_a mountain_n by_o william_n iii_o bishop_n of_o strasburg_n this_o prelate_n and_o his_o successor_n have_v usual_o keep_v their_o residence_n at_o zabern_n where_o they_o have_v also_o erect_v a_o court_n of_o judicature_n for_o the_o decision_n of_o all_o controversy_n arise_v within_o the_o precinct_n of_o their_o diocese_n but_o it_o be_v think_v that_o the_o french_a king_n who_o pretend_v to_o be_v master_n of_o the_o place_n will_v employ_v the_o castle_n otherwise_o hereafter_o 2._o weissenburg_n weissenburg_n weissenburg_n be_v a_o imperial_a city_n but_o reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o low_a alsace_n as_o be_v incorporate_v into_o the_o province_n of_o hagenaw_n beatus_fw-la rhenanus_fw-la say_v that_o it_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o ancient_a sebusii_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v call_v by_o latin_a author_n sebusium_n dagobert_n king_n of_o france_n present_v this_o city_n with_o a_o crown_n of_o silver_n gild_v with_o gold_n and_o adorn_v with_o a_o great_a many_o turret_n and_o other_o flourish_n of_o art_n who_o diameter_n be_v four_o and_o twenty_o foot_n in_o remembrance_n of_o which_o noble_a present_a the_o citizen_n have_v a_o crown_n of_o copper_n of_o the_o same_o bigness_n hang_v up_o in_o their_o great_a church_n which_o continue_v there_o till_o in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n of_o germany_n it_o be_v break_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o soldiery_n who_o sieze_v on_o it_o for_o good_a plunder_v the_o same_o king_n grant_v the_o citizen_n of_o weissenburg_n privilege_n to_o hunt_v and_o fish_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o certain_a circle_n which_o in_o some_o place_n reach_v two_o german_a mile_n from_o the_o town_n in_o other_o no_o more_o than_o one_o this_o circle_n be_v in_o their_o charter_n style_v emunitas_fw-la which_o the_o modern_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o place_n have_v corrupt_v into_o mundat_fw-la the_o emperor_n charles_n iv_o make_v the_o abbot_n of_o this_o place_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o monastery_n at_o fulda_n kempten_a and_o murbach_n a_o prelate_n of_o the_o empire_n bestow_v on_o he_o the_o title_n of_o a_o prince_n and_o allow_v he_o to_o sit_v at_o his_o foot_n in_o all_o diet_n and_o other_o public_a assembly_n of_o the_o state_n general_n of_o the_o empire_n 3._o brisach_n brisach_n the_o imperial_a city_n hagenaw_n be_v seat_v between_o the_o two_o rivers_n motter_n and_o sorna_n about_o four_o german_a mile_n from_o strasburg_n it_o be_v encompass_v round_o with_o a_o sandy_a soil_n and_o thick_a wood_n but_o at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o town_n there_o be_v large_a and_o pleasant_a cornfield_n with_o good_a store_n of_o vineyard_n it_o have_v ancient_o be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o four_o chief_a village_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o indeed_o it_o may_v now_o as_o proper_o as_o ever_o be_v term_v a_o village_n since_o it_o be_v burn_v to_o the_o ground_n by_o the_o french_a force_n a._n d._n 1677_o but_o have_v in_o it_o even_o in_o those_o day_n the_o supreme_a court_n of_o judicature_n for_o both_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a alsace_n afterward_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n i._o wall_v it_o round_o beautify_v it_o with_o a_o fair_a palace_n wherein_o himself_o for_o some_o time_n keep_v his_o residence_n and_o make_v it_o
a_o imperial_a city_n at_o the_o jesuit_n college_n be_v to_o be_v see_v before_o the_o war_n with_o france_n a_o large_a old_a roman_a aries_n or_o battering-ram_n a_o piece_n of_o antiquity_n of_o great_a value_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v now_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o i_o know_v not_o to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v moltzheim_n have_v on_o the_o brusch_n seltz_n and_o some_o few_o town_n more_o place_n of_o no_o great_a note_n before_o they_o be_v visit_v by_o the_o french_a army_n and_o of_o much_o less_o since_o the_o chief_a city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o the_o upper_a alsace_n the_o city_n of_o brisach_n call_v by_o antonine_n in_o his_o itenerary_n mons_fw-la brisiacus_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o brisgow_n the_o old_a inhabitant_n of_o which_o province_n we_o find_v often_o mention_v in_o latin_a historian_n by_o the_o name_n of_o brisigavi_n or_o brisigavii_n b._n rhenanus_fw-la and_o some_o other_o high_a dutch_a antiquary_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o brisach_n stand_v former_o on_o the_o western_a bank_n of_o the_o rhine_n because_o on_o that_o side_n the_o old_a roman_n use_v to_o build_v their_o fort_n and_o on_o the_o east_n of_o this_o town_n there_o be_v still_o a_o great_a hollow_a valley_n which_o they_o take_v for_o the_o ancient_a channel_n of_o the_o rhine_n but_o cluverius_n be_v of_o a_o contrary_a opinion_n and_o prove_v that_o the_o emperor_n valentinian_n who_o all_o allow_v to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o brisach_n build_v castle_n on_o both_o side_n the_o river_n the_o town_n stand_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o round_a hill_n excellent_o well_o fortify_v both_o by_o nature_n and_o art_n but_o they_o have_v only_o one_o deep_a well_o which_o supply_v the_o whole_a city_n with_o water_n the_o river_n be_v at_o some_o distance_n and_o the_o passage_n troublesome_a in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n this_o town_n be_v besiege_v and_o take_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o saxon-weimar_n who_o force_n be_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o courage_n and_o gallantry_n resist_v by_o the_o imperialist_n for_o four_o month_n together_o during_o which_o time_n the_o besiege_a be_v bring_v to_o those_o extremity_n as_o to_o dig_v up_o the_o dead_a body_n of_o their_o soldier_n after_o they_o have_v be_v some_o day_n bury_v and_o to_o eat_v their_o flesh_n in_o this_o siege_n 80000_o man_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v slay_v and_o about_o 1100000_o rixdollar_n spend_v in_o ammunition_n on_o both_o side_n since_o that_o time_n a._n d._n 1638_o the_o french_a under_o who_o banner_n the_o forementioned_a duke_n of_o saxony_n then_o bear_v arm_n have_v remain_v master_n of_o this_o city_n wherein_o their_o present_a victorious_a king_n have_v of_o late_o repair_v its_o fortification_n keep_v a_o strong_a garrison_n and_o a_o court_n of_o judicature_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o chamber_n at_o spire_n which_o decide_v all_o controversy_n in_o his_o new_a conquest_n levy_n contribution_n give_v he_o right_o to_o all_o neighbour_a village_n as_o dependency_n on_o some_o great_a town_n yield_v up_o to_o he_o by_o the_o late_a treaty_n at_o nimiguen_n etc._n etc._n 2._o freyburg_n in_o brisgow_n be_v at_o first_o a_o village_n build_v by_o a_o company_n of_o miner_n who_o wrought_v at_o the_o silver_n and_o copper_n mine_n about_o a_o german_a mile_n from_o brisach_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n grow_v so_o rich_a as_o to_o purchase_v the_o estate_n and_o title_n of_o nobleman_n by_o this_o mean_v their_o village_n grow_v up_o into_o a_o large_a city_n which_o be_v able_a upon_o a_o very_a short_a warning_n to_o send_v into_o the_o field_n three_o thousand_o fight_a man_n this_o city_n fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n a._n d._n 1386_o and_o be_v by_o the_o present_a emperor_n resign_v up_o to_o the_o french_a together_o with_o its_o village_n of_o lehn_n mezhausen_n and_o kirchzart_n in_o exchange_n for_o philipsburg_n there_o be_v in_o the_o town_n fourteen_o religious_a house_n and_o a_o university_n found_v by_o albert_n archduke_n of_o austria_n in_o the_o year_n 1450._o the_o citizen_n be_v excellent_a artist_n at_o polish_n all_o manner_n of_o precious_a stone_n such_o especial_o as_o be_v find_v in_o lorraine_n and_o the_o neighbour_a country_n 3._o near_o the_o place_n where_o the_o imperial_a city_n colmar_n be_v now_o seat_v stand_v the_o ancient_a argentuaria_n which_o be_v conquer_v by_o gratian_n the_o emperor_n a._n d._n 378_o and_o afterward_o destroy_v by_o the_o gothic_a general_n attila_n out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o this_o old_a town_n colmar_n or_o cole-market_n be_v first_o build_v a_o city_n which_o stand_v in_o a_o plain_a and_o fruitful_a country_n and_o former_o so_o populous_a that_o in_o the_o great_a church_n at_o a_o easter-time_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o have_v near_o four_o thousand_o communicant_n but_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n wherein_o it_o be_v take_v by_o the_o swedish_n force_n and_o by_o they_o resign_v to_o the_o french_a and_o the_o late_a engagement_n with_o the_o king_n of_o france_n army_n have_v make_v it_o as_o desolate_a of_o inhabitant_n as_o house_n vtriusque_fw-la alsatiae_fw-la superioris_fw-la ac_fw-la inferioris_fw-la nova_fw-la tabula_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a lantgraff_n in_o obern_n elssas_n lantgraff_n in_o vnderen_n elssa_n alsatia_n inferior_a apud_fw-la mosem_fw-la pitt_n alsatia_n superior_n cum_fw-la suntgoia_n et_fw-fr brisgoia_n terrirotium_fw-la argentoratense_n apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr ptephanum_n swart_a mulnhausen_n by_o most_o late_a geographer_n place_v in_o the_o upper_a alsace_n be_v one_o of_o the_o confederate_a city_n of_o switzerland_n keysersberg_n and_o turcheim_n be_v imperial_a city_n but_o of_o no_o great_a note_n the_o city_n and_o bishopric_n of_o strasburg_n argentina_n be_v a_o name_n of_o a_o monkish_a invention_n instead_o of_o argentoratum_n as_o well_o as_o moguntia_n for_o moguntiacum_n to_o omit_v other_o frivolous_a conjecture_n about_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o word_n argentoratum_n and_o strasburg_n we_o shall_v satisfy_v ourselves_o with_o the_o fancy_n of_o the_o learned_a cluverius_n who_o think_v the_o ancient_a name_n of_o this_o famous_a city_n to_o have_v be_v argen_n straaten_v or_o bad-street_n which_o may_v easy_o by_o add_v a_o latin_a termination_n be_v turn_v into_o argentratum_n or_o argentoratum_n and_o afterward_o by_o omit_v the_o two_o first_o syllable_n and_o annex_v burg_n to_o denote_v some_o new_a build_v fort_n with_o as_o much_o ease_n turn_v to_o straetburg_n or_o straesburg_n this_o city_n though_o at_o first_o design_v only_o for_o a_o strong_a fortification_n be_v now_o one_o of_o the_o most_o populous_a and_o best_a trade_v town_n in_o germany_n the_o citizen_n be_v general_o courteous_a and_o rich_a most_o of_o their_o merchant_n and_o magistrate_n have_v house_n fit_a to_o entertain_v so_o many_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o cathedral_n be_v one_o of_o the_o wonder_n of_o germany_n describe_v at_o large_a by_o os_fw-la schadaeus_n in_o a_o particular_a tract_n upon_o this_o subject_n by_o he_o publish_v at_o strasburg_n a._n d._n 1617._o the_o tower_n of_o this_o church_n be_v the_o high_a in_o the_o german_a empire_n nay_o possible_o in_o europe_n or_o the_o whole_a world_n some_o have_v reckon_v it_o perpendicular_a from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o spire_n to_o the_o ground_n at_o 574_o other_o 575_o geometrical_a foot_n but_o schadaeus_n who_o seem_v most_o accurate_a in_o his_o computation_n say_v it_o be_v 489_o foot_n and_o 8_o inch_n yet_o much_o more_o famous_a be_v this_o cathedral_n for_o the_o great_a clock_n in_o it_o which_o by_o the_o honourable_a mr._n boyle_n and_o some_o other_o of_o our_o ingenious_a virtuoso_n have_v be_v mention_v as_o a_o instance_n of_o the_o late_a great_a improvement_n of_o art_n mechanical_a it_o be_v finish_v in_o the_o year_n 1574_o at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o magistracy_n of_o the_o town_n by_o one_o habrecht_n a_o famous_a artificer_n of_o who_o work_n they_o have_v many_o more_o piece_n in_o the_o same_o kind_n this_o workman_n have_v his_o instruction_n from_o d._n wolckenstein_n and_o conr._n dasypodius_n two_o learned_a mathematician_n the_o latter_a whereof_o have_v publish_v a_o tract_n about_o this_o clock_n the_o first_o thing_n present_v to_o your_o view_n be_v a_o celestial_a globe_n with_o all_o the_o motion_n of_o planet_n fix_a star_n etc._n etc._n behind_o which_o there_o be_v a_o perpetual_a almanac_n wherein_o the_o day_n of_o the_o month_n be_v point_v at_o by_o a_o statue_n stand_v by_o the_o hour_n be_v crow_v by_o a_o gild_a cock_n and_o afterward_o strike_v on_o a_o bell_n by_o a_o angel_n not_o far_o from_o which_o stand_v another_o angel_n with_o a_o hourglass_n in_o its_o hand_n which_o it_o turn_v round_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o clock_n have_v do_v strike_v the_o first_o
20_o zottl_n 22_o 51_o 00_o 29_o 10_o zottsted_n 22_o 51_o 10_o 28_o 20_o zottwitz_n 28_o 51_o 10_o 34_o 15_o zschimichen_n 22_o 50_o 50_o 29_o 30_o zubern_n 26_o 51_o 40_o 32_o 20_o zublow_n 10_o 13_o 53_o 00_o 32_o 10_o zuchou_n 22_o 50_o 50_o 29_o 20_o zuck_n 40_o 41_o 43_o 47_o 55_o 24_o 20_o zuckmante_fw-la 1_o 24_o 30_o 50_o 10_o 34_o 30_o zuenicke_n 22_o 33_o 50_o 20_o 29_o 40_o zuffenhausen_n 45_o 48_o 35_o 25_o 50_o zug_n 38_o 46_o 40_o 24_o 40_o zuger_n see_v 38_o 46_o 40_o 24_o 40_o zhurstein_n 32_o 49_o 20_o 33_o 20_o zukleibe_n 23_o 51_o 40_o 32_o 00_o zulauff_n 24_o 25_o 51_o 30_o 34_o 00_o zulberg_n 22_o 50_o 20_o 29_o 00_o zule_n 0_o 53_o 30_o 28_o 10_o zullich_n 10_o 135_o 52_o 10_o 33_o 00_o zullichaw_n 24_o 25_o 36_o 52_o 10_o 32_o 20_o zulichendorff_n 10_o 12_o 52_o 40_o 30_o 20_o zulin_n 10_o 125_o 52_o 50_o 29_o 50_o zultenhagen_n 12_o 52_o 30_o 30_o 40_o zultz_n 24_o 50_o 20_o 34_o 00_o zumflin_n 22_o 50_o 30_o 29_o 30_o zumloch_n 38_o 50_o 20_o 23_o 20_o zumsw_n 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pars_fw-la secunda_fw-la seu_fw-la herbarum_fw-la distributio_fw-la nova_fw-la per_fw-la tabulas_fw-la cognationis_fw-la &_o affinitatis_fw-la ex_fw-la libro_fw-la naturae_fw-la observata_fw-la &_o detecta_fw-la authore_fw-la roberto_n morison_n med._n d._n &_o professor_n botanico_n regio_n folio_fw-la lactantius_n de_fw-fr mortibus_fw-la persecutorum_fw-la libre_fw-la accesserunt_fw-la s._n s._n perpetuae_fw-la &_o felicitatis_fw-la s_o maximiliani_n s._n felicis_n of_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o church_n a_o discourse_n write_v 1430_o year_n since_o in_o the_o time_n of_o decius_n the_o persecute_v emperor_n by_o cyprian_a bishop_n of_o carthage_n and_o martyr_n most_o useful_a for_o allay_v the_o present_a heat_n and_o reconcile_a the_o difference_n among_o we_o quarto_fw-la price_n 6._o d._n direction_n for_o the_o book-binder_n to_o place_v the_o map_n of_o this_o second_o volume_n of_o the_o english_a atlas_n 1_o germania_n pag._n 1_o 2_o albis_n fluvius_n generalis_fw-la pag._n 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not_o he_o call_v it_o also_o king_n james_n new-land_n but_o that_o name_n be_v grow_v obsolete_a he_o also_o give_v name_n to_o many_o of_o the_o most_o eminent_a place_n upon_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o country_n as_o to_o horn-sound_a because_o there_o they_o find_v a_o unicorns-horn_n ice-point_n bell-point_n lowness-island_n black-point_n cape-cold_a ice-sound_a knotty-point_n fowl-sound_a deer-sound_a and_o in_o cross-road_n 79_o deg_fw-la 15_o min._n variation_n 18_o deg_fw-la 16_o min._n northwest_n he_o seize_v upon_o the_o country_n to_o the_o use_n of_o his_o master_n by_o set_v up_o a_o red_a cross_n and_o fasten_v a_o writing_n to_o it_o there_o also_o he_o make_v some_o quantity_n of_o oil_n and_o bring_v a_o unicorns-horn_n as_o they_o call_v it_o from_o thence_o and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o any_o benefit_n be_v make_v by_o the_o fish_n of_o that_o place_n in_o 1611_o the_o company_n hire_v six_o basques_n expert_a fisherman_n and_o send_v they_o 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or_o cover_v their_o eye_n if_o they_o understand_v not_o stop_v their_o ear_n and_o the_o like_a they_o delight_v exceed_o in_o music_n to_o which_o they_o will_v keep_v time_n both_o with_o their_o voice_n hands_z and_o foot_n wonderful_a also_o affectionate_a one_o to_o another_o and_o to_o their_o country_n in_o one_o voyage_n there_o go_v a_o danish_a mariner_n with_o black_a hair_n flat_a nose_a and_o other_o though_o not_o very_o exact_a resemblance_n of_o a_o gronelander_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o see_v he_o they_o come_v about_o he_o kiss_v he_o hang_v upon_o he_o and_o show_v to_o he_o all_o possible_a demonstration_n of_o kindness_n and_o affection_n and_o those_o who_o be_v in_o denmark_n never_o enjoy_v themselves_o nor_o have_v any_o content_a but_o continual_o pine_v away_o and_o languish_v with_o discontent_n for_o their_o condition_n and_o love_n of_o their_o country_n their_o religion_n such_o as_o it_o be_v seem_v to_o be_v unto_o the_o sun_n for_o when_o our_o 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and_o if_o they_o can_v lift_v it_o up_o easy_o and_o light_o they_o think_v their_o prayer_n be_v hear_v and_o recovery_n grant_v in_o winter_n they_o retire_v from_o the_o seaside_n unto_o the_o warm_a valley_n where_o they_o have_v their_o house_n and_o town_n which_o be_v common_o cave_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o hill_n round_o like_o a_o oven_n close_o to_o one_o another_o and_o passage_n in_o the_o inner_a part_n from_o one_o to_o another_o their_o door_n which_o be_v low_a and_o round_o open_a to_o the_o south_n and_o they_o dig_v trench_n also_o to_o draw_v away_o the_o water_n that_o fall_v or_o drain_v from_o the_o hill_n the_o entrance_n and_o some_o part_n of_o their_o house_n stand_v without_o the_o cave_n which_o they_o frame_v very_o handsome_o and_o commodious_o of_o the_o rib_n of_o whale_n join_v artificial_o at_o the_o top_n and_o cover_v with_o seals-skin_n they_o raise_v also_o one_o part_n of_o their_o floor_n high_o than_o another_o which_o they_o strew_v with_o 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suedes_o at_o the_o treaty_n 1616_o of_o stolbow_n the_o grand_a tzar_n quit_v the_o title_n of_o this_o country_n to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n vodska_n or_o votska_n thirty_o league_n north_n of_o novogorod_n vodska_n vodska_n upon_o its_o left_a hand_n be_v the_o strong_a castle_n of_o ivanogorod_n surrender_v to_o the_o swede_n by_o the_o same_o treaty_n as_o well_o as_o the_o town_n jamagrod_v and_o augdow_n and_o the_o castle_n coporia_n noteburg_n and_o kexholm_n they_o say_v that_o all_o the_o beast_n that_o be_v bring_v into_o this_o province_n turn_v white_a the_o inhabitant_n have_v a_o language_n proper_a to_o themselves_o woskopitin_n be_v by_o some_o author_n place_v between_o kexholm_n and_o noteburg_n woskopitin_n woskopitin_n a_o large_a and_o fruitful_a province_n both_o for_o corn_n and_o cattle_n but_o so_o pester_v with_o lake_n and_o marsh_n that_o it_o be_v very_o little_o frequent_v and_o the_o name_n scarce_o know_v bieleiezioro_n bieleiozioro_n bieleiozioro_n situate_v upon_o a_o lake_n of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o signification_n i.e._n the_o white_a lake_n which_o lake_n be_v thirteen_o league_n long_o and_o as_o many_o broad_a and_o furnish_v only_o one_o river_n call_v sosna_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o wolga_n in_o this_o lake_n be_v a_o castle_n both_o for_o natural_a and_o artisicial_a strength_n account_v impregnable_a whither_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n the_o prince_n have_v send_v their_o treasure_n and_o themselves_o also_o retire_v the_o whole_a province_n be_v full_a of_o wood_n and_o lake_n that_o except_o when_o they_o be_v hard_o freeze_v it_o be_v not_o easy_o passable_a near_o this_o lake_n be_v another_o small_a lake_n that_o produce_v sulphur_n i_o rather_o suppose_v naphtha_n or_o petroleum_n swim_v like_o froth_n or_o oil_n upon_o the_o water_n this_o be_v say_v to_o be_v first_o possess_v by_o sinaus_n varegus_n who_o brother_n truvor_v settle_v in_o pskouvia_n and_o runiz_n in_o novogardia_n these_o three_o be_v by_o the_o russes_z look_v upon_o as_o the_o founder_n of_o their_o nation_n vologda_n be_v the_o only_a city_n in_o all_o the_o grand_a tzars_n dominion_n that_o be_v fortify_v with_o a_o stone-wall_n vologda_fw-la vologda_fw-la and_o for_o its_o strength_n the_o emperor_n be_v wont_a in_o time_n of_o danger_n to_o secure_v here_o part_n of_o his_o treasure_n it_o be_v as_o the_o rest_n of_o those_o westerly_a and_o northerly_a province_n much_o encumber_a with_o wood_n and_o marsh_n many_o of_o which_o be_v except_o in_o winter_n utter_o unpassable_a it_o be_v situate_v upon_o the_o river_n waga_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o dwina_n and_o it_o together_o with_o all_o the_o province_n mention_v since_o dwina_n belong_v to_o the_o duchy_n of_o novogorod_n novogorod_n call_v weliki_n or_o the_o great_a novogorod_n novogorod_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o other_o of_o that_o name_n the_o dutch_a call_v it_o nieugarten_n in_o 58_o deg_fw-la 23_o min._n situate_v upon_o the_o river_n volgda_n not_o volga_n or_o volchou_n famous_a for_o its_o bremes_n a_o little_a below_o the_o lake_n ilmin_n whilst_o it_o be_v govern_v by_o its_o own_o prince_n it_o be_v in_o so_o great_a power_n fame_n and_o wealth_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o vast_a commerce_n of_o several_a nation_n there_o establish_v that_o it_o be_v proverbial_o speak_v who_o can_v do_v any_o thing_n against_o god_n and_o great_a novogorod_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o trade_n be_v the_o convenience_n of_o the_o river_n which_o be_v navigable_a from_o the_o very_a spring_n and_o the_o country_n abound_v in_o wheat_n flax_n hemp_n honey_n wax_n and_o leather_n which_o be_v better_o dress_v here_o than_o in_o any_o other_o place_n invite_v hither_o so_o many_o merchant_n from_o all_o the_o northern_a country_n and_o those_o upon_o the_o baltic_a sea_n that_o it_o be_v the_o great_a city_n of_o all_o the_o north_n for_o trade_n and_o wealth_n the_o first_o diminution_n of_o it_o be_v from_o vitold_a duke_n of_o lithvania_n who_o 1427_o oblige_a the_o city_n to_o compound_v for_o their_o peace_n at_o a_o great_a rate_n but_o ivan_n vasili_n grotsdin_n 1477_o force_v they_o to_o receive_v a_o governor_n from_o he_o but_o that_o not_o satisfy_v of_o he_o he_o go_v thither_o in_o person_n pretend_v i_o know_v not_o what_o devotion_n and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o bishop_n be_v admit_v into_o the_o city_n with_o his_o army_n he_o pillage_v it_o carrying_z away_o three_o hundred_o cart_n load_v with_o jewel_n gold_n and_o silver_n beside_o many_o more_o fill_v with_o rich_a stuff_n and_o sumptuous_a moveable_n all_o which_o he_o send_v to_o moscow_n and_o transport_v many_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n into_o other_o place_n and_o send_v muscovite_n to_o inhabit_v in_o their_o stead_n but_o their_o great_a calamity_n be_v from_o ivan_n vasilowich_n in_o 1569_o who_o upon_o a_o suspicion_n of_o their_o endeavour_v to_o revolt_v come_v hither_o with_o his_o army_n slay_v drown_v and_o trample_v to_o death_n a_o vast_a number_n of_o people_n present_o after_o this_o follow_v a_o great_a plague_n which_o bring_v so_o great_a a_o famine_n that_o they_o eat_v one_o another_o the_o tzar_n on_o this_o occasion_n pretend_v to_o punish_v their_o inhumanity_n cut_v to_o piece_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o remain_a inhabitant_n his_o barbarous_a cruelty_n here_o act_v be_v not_o sit_v to_o be_v repeat_v it_o be_v in_o 1611_o take_v by_o the_o swede_n by_o storm_n but_o at_o the_o great_a treaty_n between_o the_o two_o crown_n of_o russia_n and_o sweden_n it_o be_v agree_v to_o be_v redeliver_v to_o the_o russes_z and_o in_o their_o hand_n it_o have_v continue_v ever_o since_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o water_n be_v a_o strong_a castle_n build_v of_o stone_n join_v to_o the_o city_n by_o a_o large_a bridge_n wherein_o live_v the_o weywod_n or_o governor_n and_o the_o metropolitan_a by_o which_o two_o all_o the_o affair_n ecclesiastical_a civil_a and_o military_a in_o all_o that_o province_n be_v govern_v the_o town_n be_v encompass_v with_o a_o rampart_n of_o timber_n and_o earth_n and_o have_v a_o castle_n in_o the_o midst_n reasonable_o well_o fortify_v there_o be_v about_o a_o hundred_o monastery_n whereof_o that_o of_o st._n antony_n be_v the_o chief_a church_n and_o chapel_n which_o have_v their_o steeple_n and_o tower_n cover_v with_o copper_n gild_v the_o cathedral_n church_n be_v that_o of_o st._n sophia_n in_o the_o territory_n belong_v to_o this_o city_n stara-russa_a brunitza_n sedrowa_n and_o stara-russa_a be_v brunitza_n sedrowa_n and_o stara-russa_a which_o the_o baron_n of_o herberstein_n call_v russ_n and_o say_v it_o give_v name_n to_o all_o the_o russes_z near_o that_o town_n be_v a_o salt_n river_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v form_v into_o a_o lake_n and_o with_o conduit_n draw_v the_o salt-water_n to_o their_o house_n where_o they_o boil_v the_o salt_n with_o which_o and_o other_o commodity_n they_o drive_v a_o great_a trade_n into_o polotskow_n a_o province_n of_o poland_n the_o russes_z say_v that_o near_o to_o novogorod_n be_v the_o famous_a battle_n of_o whip_n mention_v by_o justin_n l._n 2._o and_o many_o other_o author_n wherewith_o the_o master_n return_v victorious_a after_o some_o year_n war_n conquer_v their_o slave_n who_o in_o the_o long_a time_n of_o their_o absence_n have_v seize_v upon_o their_o estate_n and_o wife_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o novogorod-money_n have_v former_o on_o one_o side_n a_o horseman_n shake_v his_o whip_n bielski_n be_v a_o province_n between_o novogorod_n and_o smolensko_n bielski_n bielski_n have_v its_o principal_a city_n and_o castle_n call_v biela_n bielha_n or_o bielow_n situate_v on_o the_o river_n osca_n this_o have_v heretofore_o a_o prince_n of_o its_o own_o subject_a to_o the_o descendants_n of_o jagellan_n duke_n of_o litvania_n till_o basilius_n prince_n of_o bielski_n fall_v off_o to_o the_o grand_a tzar_n and_o agree_v to_o pay_v he_o tribute_n it_o now_o augment_v the_o number_n of_o his_o title_n as_o do_v also_o that_o of_o rischow_n rischow_n rischow_n which_o have_v also_o a_o castle_n and_o city_n of_o that_o name_n it_o have_v also_o former_o a_o prince_n of_o its_o own_o but_o now_o be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o russ-empire_n the_o country_n be_v full_a of_o forest_n and_o lake_n particular_o here_o be_v that_o great_a forest_n of_o wolchonisky_n wherein_o arise_v the_o volga_n the_o dnieper_n the_o dwina_n and_o the_o lowat_n all_o great_a river_n near_o to_o this_o be_v woloizk_a famous_a for_o its_o white_a hare_n and_o the_o prince_n frequent_a hunt_v there_o wyelikyeluki_n a_o large_a city_n with_o a_o good_a castle_n and_o toropyecz_n a_o large_a town_n also_o and_o a_o castle_n all_o which_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o russia_n by_o surrender_n of_o their_o proper_a lord_n it_o be_v be_v near_a to_o the_o foresay_a ãâ¦ã_o ãâ¦ã_o north-west_n from_o moskow_n the_o capital_a town_n
people_n be_v find_v dead_a in_o their_o sled_n the_o cold_a also_o endure_v a_o long_a time_n the_o frost_n ordinary_o begin_v with_o november_n but_o break_v not_o up_o till_o april_n i.e._n till_o the_o sun_n have_v be_v some_o considerable_a time_n above_o their_o horizon_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o all_o their_o plant_n and_o whatsoever_o be_v underground_o in_o winter_n be_v ready_a to_o thrust_v itself_o into_o the_o air_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o have_v liberty_n their_o rye_n for_o this_o reason_n they_o sow_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o snow_n and_o ice_n be_v melt_v it_o may_v spring_v and_o have_v time_n to_o ripen_v but_o all_o their_o other_o corn_n which_o require_v not_o so_o much_o maturation_n they_o sow_v not_o till_o may._n and_o it_o be_v by_o stranger_n much_o take_v notice_n of_o that_o even_o almost_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o snow_n be_v go_v the_o field_n be_v all_o green_a and_o plant_n spring_n much_o fast_o than_o in_o another_o place_n where_o their_o natural_a force_n and_o vigour_n have_v not_o be_v so_o much_o restrain_v and_o keep_v back_o by_o the_o cold_a and_o the_o snow_n so_o that_o what_o they_o sow_v in_o may_n and_o june_n they_o reap_v in_o july_n and_o august_n and_o indeed_o the_o shortness_n of_o their_o summer_n allow_v they_o not_o much_o time_n for_o tillage_n it_o be_v also_o observe_v that_o their_o rye_n be_v in_o its_o kind_n their_o best_a grain_n and_o for_o their_o fruit_n though_o they_o have_v of_o most_o sort_n as_o apple_n pear_n plum_n cherry_n etc._n etc._n yet_o they_o be_v not_o so_o good_a nor_o do_v not_o ripen_v so_o kind_o nor_o can_v be_v so_o long_o preserve_v as_o in_o those_o place_n where_o they_o grow_v and_o ripen_v slow_a but_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v of_o hasty_a and_o speedy_a growth_n be_v very_o good_a as_o all_o sort_n of_o berry_n herb_n gourd_n and_o melon_n which_o be_v here_o both_o exceed_o great_a some_o weigh_a forty_o pound_n and_o very_o well_o taste_v but_o they_o breed_v they_o in_o hot_a bed_n as_o we_o do_v here_o and_o never_o remove_v they_o all_o author_n almost_o speak_v of_o a_o certain_a melon_n or_o gourd_n call_v boranetz_n or_o a_o lamb_n that_o grow_v upon_o a_o stalk_n and_o when_o it_o have_v eat_v all_o the_o grass_n within_o its_o reach_n it_o die_v it_o be_v possible_a that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o fruit_n which_o with_o the_o help_n of_o imagination_n may_v somewhat_o resemble_v a_o lamb_n and_o it_o may_v also_o be_v downy_a and_o woolly_a also_o it_o may_v be_v either_o of_o so_o hot_a a_o temper_n or_o so_o great_a a_o depredator_n of_o moisture_n that_o it_o may_v cause_v the_o neighbouring-plant_n to_o wither_v and_o die_v but_o that_o there_o be_v any_o animal_n grow_v upon_o a_o root_n and_o eat_v etc._n etc._n they_o that_o have_v see_v it_o must_v believe_v it_o but_o other_o person_n may_v have_v their_o liberty_n it_o be_v not_o long_o ago_o since_o they_o begin_v to_o cultivate_v garden-herb_n but_o they_o prosper_v very_o well_o as_o asparagus_n for_o the_o purpose_n grow_v as_o thick_a as_o a_o man_n thumb_n and_o edible_a root_n must_v needs_o become_v both_o large_a and_o pleasant_a from_o this_o multitude_n of_o melt_a snow_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o ground_n be_v very_o soft_a and_o mellow_a which_o though_o it_o be_v a_o inconvenience_n in_o their_o high_a way_n insomuch_o that_o even_o the_o street_n of_o moskow_n will_v be_v unpassable_a be_v it_o not_o that_o they_o pave_v they_o with_o round_a fir-tree_n lay_v close_o to_o one_o another_o yet_o in_o their_o till_v their_o ground_n it_o be_v very_o useful_a for_o neither_o do_v they_o use_v any_o manure_a even_o in_o the_o barren_a place_n nor_o be_v their_o ground_n difficult_a to_o belabour_v not_o small_a convenience_n to_o a_o lazy_a people_n that_o even_o stir_v it_o with_o a_o stick_n be_v in_o some_o place_n sufficient_a for_o their_o corn._n nor_o be_v their_o corn_n be_v so_o short_a a_o time_n betwixt_o the_o sow_a and_o harvest_n subject_a to_o so_o many_o accident_n drought_n rain_n blast_n etc._n etc._n as_o we_o be_v whence_o it_o be_v note_v that_o it_o be_v exceed_o rare_a to_o hear_v of_o a_o dearth_n in_o muscovy_n except_o by_o the_o wickedness_n of_o they_o that_o buy_v up_o the_o corn_n to_o sell_v it_o dear_a though_o they_o sow_v little_o more_o than_o for_o their_o own_o spend_v but_o sow_v for_o plenty_n they_o have_v much_o to_o spare_v as_o the_o dutch_a know_v very_o well_o who_o bring_v thence_o great_a quantity_n to_o supply_v their_o own_o necessity_n it_o be_v also_o observe_v in_o their_o weather_n that_o the_o summer_n be_v violent_o hot_a both_o because_o their_o day_n be_v so_o long_o and_o the_o soil_n for_o the_o most_o part_n sandy_a which_o easy_o receive_v and_o retain_v strong_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n so_o long_o upon_o it_o this_o heat_n come_v upon_o proportionable_a moisture_n produce_v prodigious_a quantity_n of_o gnat_n and_o other_o infect_v which_o though_o not_o so_o dangerous_a as_o toad_n and_o viper_n yet_o be_v much_o more_o troublesome_a and_o a_o much_o great_a annoyance_n indeed_o a_o extraordinary_a heat_n be_v requisite_a to_o force_v up_o such_o a_o quantity_n of_o material_n as_o must_v serve_v to_o make_v so_o much_o snow_n that_o it_o cover_v the_o ground_n some_o yard_n thick_a but_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o believe_v what_o some_o author_n say_v that_o it_o sometime_o set_v on_o fire_n their_o cornfield_n and_o their_o wood_n but_o this_o heat_n be_v augment_v or_o conserve_v as_o be_v say_v before_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n for_o in_o livonia_n in_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o latitude_n yea_o divide_v only_o from_o russia_n by_o the_o river_n narva_n their_o corn_n seldom_o come_v to_o be_v so_o ripe_a and_o hard_a that_o they_o can_v thresh_v or_o grind_v it_o but_o they_o be_v force_v to_o help_v themselves_o with_o stove_n build_v in_o their_o barn_n for_o dry_v their_o corn_n which_o though_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o thresh_v yet_o it_o neither_o yield_v so_o much_o flower_n nor_o be_v so_o good_a to_o sow_v as_o that_o which_o ripen_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o it_o always_o do_v in_o muscovy_n the_o country_n be_v general_o overgrow_v with_o wood_n and_o their_o forest_n consist_v most_o of_o fir_n and_o birch_n which_o love_v a_o light_n sandy_a soil_n and_o lake_n both_o i_o believe_v from_o the_o same_o cause_n want_v of_o tillage_n for_o the_o native_n husband_v not_o much_o more_o than_o they_o be_v sure_o will_v serve_v themselves_o for_o shall_v they_o have_v great_a plenty_n they_o can_v not_o find_v market_n for_o it_o and_o they_o be_v not_o careful_a of_o increase_a their_o stock_n of_o man_n albertus_n campensis_n tell_v very_o great_a story_n who_o in_o some_o thing_n we_o have_v follow_v of_o the_o great_a abundance_n of_o people_n in_o russia_n possevine_v again_o as_o much_o disparage_v they_o but_o our_o own_o author_n affirm_v that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o well_o people_v as_o it_o may_v be_v partly_o because_o of_o their_o war_n which_o devour_v always_o great_a quantity_n of_o they_o and_o partly_o because_o they_o be_v lazy_a and_o take_v more_o care_n themselves_o to_o live_v in_o ease_n and_o plenty_n then_o to_o multiply_v their_o nation_n or_o employ_v more_o hand_n then_o of_o needs_o they_o must_v these_o forest_n must_v needs_o be_v very_o well_o store_v with_o beast_n and_o fowl_n their_o beast_n be_v elk_n which_o the_o german_n call_v elans_n and_o olan_n and_o the_o russes_z lozzi_n not_o much_o unlike_a to_o the_o rain-deer_n wild_a bull_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o bisontes_n of_o the_o ancient_n boar_n bear_n of_o a_o prodigious_a magnitude_n strength_n and_o cruelty_n both_o white_a and_o black_a wolf_n also_o too_o many_o for_o in_o a_o hard_a winter_n both_o the_o bear_n who_o sleep_v not_o when_o hunger_n pinch_v they_o and_o wolf_n be_v very_o pernicious_a to_o their_o cattle_n and_o their_o person_n also_o when_o they_o meet_v they_o unarm_v there_o be_v also_o horse_n plenty_n small_a but_o strong_a courageous_a and_o very_o serviceable_a cow_n goat_n and_o sheep_n fallow_a deer_n also_o and_o roe-buck_n in_o great_a plenty_n beside_o these_o be_v many_o other_o who_o be_v hunt_v only_o for_o their_o fur_n as_o the_o wolverine_n or_o wood-dog_n beavor_n once_o lysern_n sable_n martron_n black_a dun_a red_a and_o white_a fox_n the_o gurnstal_n the_o laset_n or_o minever_n hare_n which_o in_o winter_n change_v their_o colour_n into_o white_a as_o the_o squirrel_n do_v into_o gray_a whereof_o come_v the_o fur_n they_o call_v calaber_n there_o be_v one_o sort_n of_o squirrel_n that_o have_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o its_o
of_o the_o clergy_n as_o he_o think_v most_o prudent_a to_o be_v present_a at_o a_o day_n appoint_v which_o common_o be_v a_o friday_n be_v their_o strict_a fasting-day_n where_o the_o clergy_n sit_v in_o a_o honourable_a place_n by_o themselves_o one_o of_o the_o secretary_n propose_v the_o point_n to_o be_v deliberate_v upon_o ask_v first_o of_o all_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o clergy_n his_o majesty_n require_v their_o godly_a opinion_n and_o advice_n and_o if_o they_o approve_v of_o what_o be_v propose_v the_o proposal_n pass_v to_o a_o full_a conclusion_n and_o be_v make_v into_o a_o act_n else_o they_o be_v relinquish_v after_o all_o the_o consent_v give_v the_o diack_n or_o secretary_n draw_v they_o up_o into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o proclamation_n and_o send_v they_o to_o the_o great_a city_n with_o charge_n to_o the_o governor_n to_o see_v they_o observe_v this_o care_n be_v take_v for_o the_o law_n of_o great_a consequence_n there_o be_v beside_o they_o very_o many_o which_o though_o make_v upon_o particular_a occasion_n yet_o for_o want_v of_o better_a they_o be_v in_o force_n as_o precedent_n the_o great_a prime_a minister_n afanase_n nashockin_n be_v endeavour_v a_o reformation_n and_o methodize_n of_o these_o which_o without_o some_o such_o diligence_n must_v of_o necessity_n grow_v to_o be_v too_o numerous_a and_o not_o very_o consistent_a one_o with_o another_o next_o to_o the_o prince_n nobility_n the_o nobility_n be_v the_o nobility_n which_o be_v of_o divers_a degree_n former_o there_o be_v young_a branch_n of_o the_o royal_a family_n who_o have_v the_o government_n and_o revenue_n of_o several_a city_n and_o province_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o be_v before_o mention_v but_o these_o be_v extinguish_v by_o ivan_n vasilowich_n and_o the_o succeed_a prince_n have_v not_o have_v occasion_n to_o renew_v those_o power_n and_o title_n there_o be_v also_o vdelney_n knazey_n knazey_n vdelney_n knazey_n exempt_a or_o privilege_a duke_n 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man_n know_v also_o who_o be_v of_o which_o party_n and_o a_o register_n be_v keep_v of_o they_o by_o which_o barbarous_a and_o tyrannical_a mean_n in_o seven_o year_n for_o so_o long_o that_o continue_a he_o take_v out_o of_o the_o way_n all_o such_o as_o himself_o suspect_v encourage_v his_o own_o party_n and_o enrich_v his_o treasure_n exceed_o by_o the_o confiscation_n if_o any_o remain_v he_o take_v away_o their_o estate_n and_o give_v they_o in_o exchange_v other_o of_o lesser_a value_n in_o some_o remote_a province_n or_o by_o some_o other_o mean_v waste_v and_o consume_v they_o and_o who_o ivan_n leave_v boris_n federowich_n make_v a_o shift_n to_o dispatch_v that_o himself_o a_o stranger_n to_o the_o throne_n may_v the_o more_o secure_o enjoy_v it_o now_o therefore_o the_o chief_a degree_n of_o nobility_n be_v that_o of_o the_o boiar_n or_o boiarens_n boiarââs_n boiarââs_n these_o be_v such_o as_o the_o emperor_n beside_o their_o nobility_n honour_n with_o be_v of_o his_o council_n these_o be_v the_o great_a body_n of_o noble_n out_o of_o who_o he_o raise_v his_o servant_n governor_n soldier_n etc._n etc._n many_o of_o they_o be_v rich_a both_o in_o land_n which_o they_o receive_v from_o and_o continue_v by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o emperor_n salary_n for_o their_o service_n especial_o the_o court-office_n and_o government_n and_o their_o own_o acquisition_n many_o also_o have_v annual_a pension_n from_o the_o emperor_n especial_o if_o they_o have_v either_o merit_v well_o or_o by_o ability_n give_v hope_n that_o they_o will_v be_v able_a to_o do_v he_o service_n they_o also_o who_o have_v bear_v any_o great_a office_n in_o war_n as_o a_o general_n governor_z etc._n etc._n do_v leave_v something_o of_o title_n to_o their_o posterity_n so_o as_o they_o take_v place_n of_o all_o under_o the_o boiar_n they_o also_o as_o well_o as_o the_o boiar_n may_v add_v which_o to_o the_o name_n of_o their_o ancestor_n federowich_n ivanowich_n etc._n etc._n i.e._n the_o son_n of_o theodore_n of_o john_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v account_v a_o great_a honour_n among_o they_o and_o they_o may_v have_v reparation_n upon_o those_o who_o do_v not_o give_v it_o they_o yet_o themselves_o do_v not_o use_v that_o privilege_n when_o they_o write_v to_o their_o lord_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a diminish_v their_o own_o true_a name_n call_v themselves_o u.g._n timoska_n for_o timothy_n ivoska_n for_o ivan_n and_o the_o like_a diminutive_n for_o humility_n sake_n they_o also_o carry_v a_o little_a kettledrum_n at_o the_o pummel_n of_o their_o saddle_n upon_o which_o they_o beat_v with_o the_o end_n of_o their_o whip_n to_o make_v way_n for_o they_o in_o crowd_n in_o the_o street_n and_o in_o war_n to_o give_v notice_n of_o march_v stay_v or_o the_o like_a the_o first_o that_o receive_v the_o command_n beat_v all_o the_o rest_n answer_v he_o next_o to_o these_o be_v the_o knazey_a knazey_n knazey_n which_o our_o people_n call_v duke_n this_o title_n ancient_o be_v of_o great_a honour_n insomuch_o that_o the_o grand_fw-fr tzar_n call_v himself_o weliki_n knez_fw-fr or_o great_a duke_n but_o the_o knazey_n communicate_v their_o title_n to_o all_o their_o posterity_n have_v so_o multiply_v that_o now_o there_o be_v knazey_n who_o be_v glad_a to_o serve_v person_n of_o mean_a quality_n for_o a_o small_a salary_n though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o will_v not_o fail_v to_o boast_v of_o their_o nobility_n and_o trouble_v any_o one_o that_o shall_v affront_v they_o the_o sinboiars_a or_o sinaboiarskey_a be_v the_o son_n of_o such_o as_o enjoy_v land_n and_o revenue_n for_o serve_v the_o emperor_n in_o his_o war_n and_o be_v the_o same_o with_o those_o that_o with_o we_o hold_v in_o knights-service_n and_o the_o land_n hold_v in_o this_o tenure_n be_v common_o divide_v among_o the_o son_n except_o the_o son_n be_v so_o numerous_a that_o there_o be_v not_o a_o competency_n for_o each_o of_o they_o in_o which_o case_n they_o petition_v the_o emperor_n for_o maintenance_n and_o he_o common_o give_v they_o inferior_a office_n in_o the_o court_n or_o make_v they_o spy_n and_o informer_n allow_v they_o a_o small_a annual_a pension_n till_o a_o war_n come_v which_o entertain_v they_o all_o the_o grand_a tzar_n have_v also_o his_o council_n ãâ¦ã_o ãâ¦ã_o he_o give_v indeed_o the_o honorary_a title_n of_o counsellor_n to_o very_a many_o who_o never_o come_v to_o consult_v but_o those_o who_o be_v actual_o employ_v and_o call_v to_o advise_v be_v call_v dumnoy_n boiaren_n and_o their_o number_n be_v as_o the_o prince_n please_v this_o council_n consist_v of_o all_o the_o great_a officer_n of_o state_n and_o such_o other_o as_o himself_o please_v to_o call_v to_o this_o honour_n yet_o neither_o be_v all_o these_o continual_o present_a but_o he_o as_o most_o other_o prince_n for_o more_o secrecy_n in_o some_o and_o more_o easy_a dispatch_n in_o other_o business_n have_v a_o few_o select_a person_n a_o cabinet_n council_n 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to_o the_o mortify_v their_o passion_n and_o the_o exercise_n of_o virtue_n practise_v even_o in_o trivial_a school_n nor_o do_v they_o by_o book_n learn_v the_o example_n and_o prudence_n of_o other_o nation_n and_o time_n nor_o be_v they_o able_a to_o serve_v themselves_o of_o other_o useful_a art_n and_o science_n as_o not_o that_o of_o well-speaking_a not_o mathematics_n and_o what_o depend_v upon_o they_o as_o architecture_n measure_v fortification_n etc._n etc._n wherein_o they_o be_v force_v to_o make_v use_n of_o foreigner_n when_o they_o have_v necessity_n beside_o that_o all_o learning_n have_v this_o use_n that_o it_o replenish_v the_o memory_n with_o good_a notion_n and_o elevate_v the_o mind_n to_o some_o degree_n of_o contemplation_n yet_o in_o this_o also_o they_o have_v some_o that_o see_v their_o defect_n labour_v to_o amend_v it_o as_o ivan_n borissovit_n cirkassi_n get_v divers_a history_n and_o foreign_a book_n of_o art_n and_o science_n translate_v into_o the_o russ_n tongue_n he_o be_v esteem_v the_o wise_a and_o just_a person_n of_o their_o nation_n by_o they_o who_o yet_o do_v not_o imitate_v he_o but_o in_o sum_n they_o have_v just_a so_o much_o learning_n as_o to_o account_v whatever_o they_o know_v not_o to_o be_v vanity_n and_o they_o fool_n that_o study_v it_o and_o yet_o to_o make_v they_o jealous_a and_o afraid_a to_o be_v overreach_v and_o cozen_v by_o stranger_n who_o they_o always_o suspect_v to_o know_v more_o than_o themselves_o their_o oppression_n by_o their_o superior_n drive_v they_o to_o fortify_v themselves_o by_o cunning_a and_o deceit_n ready_a also_o and_o willing_a to_o help_v themselves_o by_o any_o safe_a though_o unlawful_a mean_n they_o be_v also_o hereby_o render_v very_o timorous_a and_o cowardly_a and_o as_o far_o from_o valour_n as_o generosity_n from_o hence_o proceed_v also_o that_o they_o be_v haughty_a and_o insolent_a towards_o their_o inferior_n mistake_v that_o for_o grandeur_n and_o greatness_n of_o 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not_o many_o shall_v i_o say_v the_o major_a part_n i_o shall_v not_o be_v disbelieved_a bad_a and_o none_o so_o bad_a wherein_o be_v not_o many_o good_a we_o ought_v to_o be_v wary_a how_o we_o censure_v they_o let_v we_o therefore_o proceed_v rather_o to_o show_v their_o public_a action_n and_o by_o they_o take_v a_o true_a or_o better_a estimate_n as_o that_o we_o may_v judge_n of_o their_o valour_n let_v we_o consider_v their_o soldiery_n and_o manner_n of_o war_a that_o we_o may_v know_v their_o piety_n let_v we_o look_v upon_o the_o exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o the_o like_a to_o begin_v with_o the_o soldiery_n they_o have_v four_o very_a potent_a and_o warlike_a neighbour_n some_o whereof_z be_v always_o enemy_n the_o tartar_n and_o turk_n and_o the_o rest_n no_o very_o good_a friend_n the_o polander_n and_o suede_n and_o such_o be_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o country_n that_o they_o can_v have_v near_o hand_n any_o friend_n or_o assistant_n so_o that_o their_o defence_n must_v rest_v upon_o themselves_o for_o the_o foreign_a soldier_n and_o officer_n that_o straggle_v to_o they_o for_o pay_v be_v not_o considerable_a as_o to_o a_o great_a war_n his_o stand_a militia_n than_o consist_v partly_o in_o his_o garrison_n which_o in_o the_o frontier_n town_n especial_o towards_o the_o tartar_n and_o turk_n for_o the_o polonian_n and_o suede_n be_v christian_n when_o he_o have_v make_v a_o accord_n with_o they_o he_o have_v peace_n who_o keep_v no_o article_n long_o than_o it_o be_v for_o their_o advantage_n be_v very_o strong_a numerous_a and_o well_o furnish_v with_o good_a officer_n in_o the_o inland_n place_v the_o guard_n be_v few_o and_o weak_a sufficient_a only_o to_o countenance_v the_o government_n and_o to_o be_v nursery_n for_o a_o serious_a war_n his_o garrison_n beside_o his_o ordinary_a guard_n which_o be_v above_o twenty_o thousand_o amount_v to_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n in_o actual_a service_n and_o upon_o continual_a duty_n and_o therefore_o in_o time_n of_o war_n must_v be_v augment_v beside_o therefore_o he_o have_v a_o militia_n to_o be_v ready_a upon_o summons_n to_o rendezvous_n and_o march_n as_o he_o shall_v please_v which_o be_v thus_o he_o let_v out_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n to_o those_o call_v sinaboiarskey_n upon_o condition_n that_o themselves_o their_o son_n and_o retainer_n or_o farmer_n to_o such_o a_o number_n as_o he_o think_v fit_v shall_v serve_v he_o with_o horse_n and_o arm_n and_o at_o their_o own_o charge_n in_o the_o war_n such_o be_v the_o present_a spahi_n among_o the_o turk_n and_o knights-service_n among_o we_o now_o every_o son_n of_o any_o of_o these_o be_v a_o sin-boiar_a or_o gentleman_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v arm_n enter_v himself_o in_o the_o roserade_n or_o office_n of_o great_a constable_n and_o petition_n for_o mean_n to_o maintain_v he_o if_o his_o father_n farm_n be_v not_o sufficient_a nor_o any_o other_o void_a they_o be_v either_o put_v into_o some_o low_a and_o mean_a employment_n or_o else_o defer_v till_o there_o happen_v something_o fit_a for_o he_o till_o when_o he_o must_v shift_v as_o well_o as_o he_o can_v when_o the_o emperor_n go_v in_o person_n to_o the_o war_n he_o have_v a_o select_a guard_n of_o fifteen_o thousand_o horse_n who_o be_v all_o pay_v the_o best_a sort_n have_v not_o under_o seventy_o rubble_n the_o second_o not_o under_o forty_o and_o the_o three_o not_o under_o twelve_o rubble_n per_fw-la ann_n beside_o their_o land_n which_o be_v also_o allow_v they_o beside_o these_o the_o chief_a noble_n and_o man_n of_o employment_n be_v also_o oblige_v to_o maintain_v considerable_a number_n of_o horse_n amount_v to_o sixty_o thousand_o at_o their_o own_o charge_n yet_o receive_v a_o sufficient_a allowance_n also_o for_o they_o from_o the_o grand_a tzar_n and_o these_o be_v muster_v and_o employ_v every_o year_n at_o least_o to_o show_v themselves_o upon_o the_o border_n of_o tartary_n the_o foreign_a soldier_n be_v most_o mingle_v among_o his_o guard_n and_o be_v sometime_o more_o sometime_o few_o the_o great_a part_n be_v polonian_n circassian_n or_o cossack_n who_o amount_v sometime_o to_o four_o thousand_o and_o be_v disperse_v in_o garrison_n further_a from_o their_o own_o country_n dutch_n and_o some_o few_o scot_n suedes_n and_o dane_n many_o of_o which_o be_v for_o their_o skill_n take_v to_o be_v officer_n all_o these_o beside_o the_o hundred_o thousand_o before_o mention_a be_v esteem_v to_o make_v up_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o horse_n which_o be_v ready_a to_o march_v upon_o all_o occasion_n their_o arm_n for_o their_o foot_n soldier_n arm_n and_o discipline_n of_o their_o soldier_n be_v a_o gun_n a_o sword_n and_o a_o axe_n behind_o they_o of_o their_o horse_n be_v bow_n arrow_n iron_z mass_n scimiter_n target_n lance_n some_o few_o have_v helmet_n corslet_n of_o iron_n or_o quilt_a cloth_n but_o now_o they_o have_v great_a quantity_n of_o fire-arm_n and_o abundance_n of_o canon_n and_o in_o all_o their_o arm_a and_o discipline_n they_o conform_v to_o the_o european_a manner_n which_o be_v introduce_v among_o they_o by_o the_o great_a number_n of_o officer_n pole_n swede_n scot_n etc._n etc._n that_o have_v be_v thither_o invite_v by_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o pay_n every_o one_o of_o the_o sinboiars_a carry_v his_o own_o provision_n for_o so_o long_a time_n which_o be_v biscuit_n oat_n pulse_n pepper_n and_o salt_n together_o vinegar_n and_o brandy_n their_o commander_n be_v the_o same_o that_o we_o have_v a_o general_n lieutenant-general_n four_o field-marshal_n each_o of_o who_o take_v care_n of_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o army_n and_o each_o have_v two_o undermarshal_n who_o twice_o every_o week_n whilst_o in_o the_o field_n muster_v and_o exercise_v their_o man_n they_o have_v also_o a_o general_n of_o the_o ordnance_n and_o other_o officer_n
under_o he_o they_o make_v use_v of_o in_o their_o war_n with_o the_o tartar_n a_o general_n they_o call_v the_o walk_v captain_n or_o the_o commander_n of_o the_o walk_a castle_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o double_a wall_n of_o thick_a pale_n so_o contrive_v that_o it_o may_v be_v in_o ashort_a time_n set_v up_o in_o length_n and_o then_o it_o will_v reach_v seven_o mile_n and_o the_o two_o wall_n about_o ten_o foot_n distance_n the_o pale_n be_v high_a than_o a_o man_n and_o in_o they_o loophole_n to_o lay_v out_o the_o nose_n of_o their_o musequet_n and_o this_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o shot_n where_o the_o enemy_n have_v no_o canon_n as_o the_o tartar_n have_v not_o else_o it_o be_v of_o little_a use_n or_o esteem_v they_o have_v also_o one_o great_a drum_n carry_v upon_o four_o horse_n fasten_v together_o and_o eight_o man_n to_o beat_v it_o but_o these_o custom_n be_v lay_v aside_o and_o they_o follow_v the_o mode_n of_o the_o german_n and_o other_o european_n they_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v better_o at_o keep_v fort_n and_o city_n then_o in_o a_o field_n battle_n valour_n their_o valour_n to_o which_o also_o their_o frequent_a fasting_n slender_a diet_n education_n to_o hardship_n do_v much_o dispose_v they_o their_o woman_n have_v many_o time_n supply_v the_o defect_n of_o soldier_n keep_v guard_n fight_v stout_o upon_o the_o work_n and_o even_o defend_v breach_n in_o some_o of_o the_o castle_n of_o livonia_n when_o the_o pole_n take_v they_o they_o find_v almost_o all_o the_o man_n consume_v in_o one_o but_o two_o be_v leave_v and_o yet_o those_o two_o refuse_v to_o yield_v up_o the_o fort_n lest_o they_o shall_v seem_v not_o to_o have_v perform_v their_o trust_n to_o their_o prince_n when_o the_o polonian_n upbraid_v they_o with_o their_o loss_n of_o so_o many_o battle_n when_o they_o have_v sufficient_a advantage_n they_o answer_v but_o who_o have_v smolensko_n novogorod_n etc._n etc._n their_o fort_n be_v very_o well_o victual_v and_o mane_v fortify_v common_o with_o turf_n keep_v up_o with_o bavin_n hurdle_n or_o timber_n which_o resist_v battery_n the_o better_a though_o the_o frost_n have_v too_o much_o power_n upon_o they_o they_o now_o also_o face_n they_o with_o brick_n and_o stone_n their_o sinboiar_n be_v educate_v and_o inure_v to_o war_n in_o those_o fort_n but_o they_o stay_v not_o above_o a_o year_n or_o two_o in_o one_o garrison_n as_o neither_o do_v the_o governor_n there_o be_v general_o two_o and_o sometime_o three_o governor_n in_o one_o garrison_n the_o chief_a have_v care_n of_o the_o munition_n and_o never_o stir_v forth_o the_o other_o upon_o occasion_n go_v abroad_o sally_n fetch_v in_o contribution_n etc._n etc._n many_o of_o they_o be_v very_o valiant_a expert_a and_o careful_a soldier_n of_o all_o their_o borderer_n they_o most_o apprehend_v the_o swede_n the_o polonian_n be_v more_o valiant_a and_o will_v not_o fear_v with_o twenty_o thousand_o to_o fight_v sixty_o thousand_o russes_z but_o they_o be_v not_o so_o expert_a in_o take_v town_n nor_o be_v they_o so_o easy_o keep_v together_o their_o obedience_n be_v too_o voluntary_a the_o tartar_n do_v the_o russes_z most_o mischief_n for_o in_o sudden_a and_o violent_a inroad_n they_o sweep_v a_o whole_a country_n carry_v away_o all_o that_o be_v able_a to_o march_v and_o child_n that_o can_v endure_v to_o be_v carry_v in_o basket_n which_o they_o bring_v with_o they_o for_o that_o purpose_n if_o the_o russes_z meet_v with_o they_o they_o never_o refuse_v to_o fight_v with_o they_o but_o the_o tartar_n seldom_o come_v to_o a_o battle_n but_o if_o they_o apprehend_v themselves_o weak_a they_o will_v all_o disperse_v and_o rendezvous_n again_o at_o night_n or_o after_o one_o day_n or_o two_o in_o their_o last_o invasion_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v carry_v away_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o captive_n which_o be_v enough_o to_o depopulate_v a_o country_n the_o best_a defence_n against_o they_o be_v a_o great_a barren_a desert_n of_o twenty_o day_n march_v be_v the_o confine_n between_o they_o and_o the_o russes_z but_o in_o general_a all_o war_n be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o russ_n for_o they_o raise_v great_a army_n for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o marry_a man_n and_o be_v not_o very_o careful_a of_o preserve_v their_o man_n all_o the_o time_n therefore_o that_o war_n last_v the_o woman_n be_v unfruitful_a and_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o old_a stock_n decay_v and_o the_o new_a do_v not_o advance_v the_o remedy_n they_o have_v be_v by_o work_v the_o czremiss_a and_o other_o moderator_n tartar_n mingle_v among_o they_o to_o a_o coalition_n with_o they_o into_o the_o same_o religion_n and_o government_n which_o the_o russes_z sedulous_o endeavour_n and_o have_v in_o good_a part_n effect_v next_o for_o their_o religion_n and_o religious_a ceremony_n ãâã_d religin_n ãâã_d of_o the_o ãâã_d themselves_o say_v that_o st._n andrew_n plant_v christianity_n among_o they_o which_o be_v by_o invasion_n of_o the_o tartar_n afterward_o either_o abolish_v or_o very_o much_o deface_v till_o after_o the_o year_n 900_o some_o say_v 960_o other_o 989_o it_o be_v again_o restore_v by_o volodomir_n i_o find_v in_o can._n 28._o conc._n chalced._n that_o it_o be_v order_v that_o the_o church_n of_o the_o barbarian_n shall_v receive_v their_o ordination_n from_o constantinople_n both_o balsamon_n and_o zonaras_n interpret_v this_o of_o the_o russes_z so_o that_o these_o two_o learned_a person_n be_v of_o this_o opinion_n that_o the_o russes_z be_v christian_n before_o that_o council_n which_o begin_v 451._o and_o their_o metropolitan_a be_v consecrate_v by_o the_o constantinopolitan_a patriarch_n may_v seem_v to_o argue_v so_o much_o but_o neither_o of_o these_o argument_n be_v convince_a let_v we_o therefore_o follow_v the_o common_a opinion_n it_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o all_o that_o they_o be_v christian_n in_o volodomir_n time_n and_o that_o they_o follow_v or_o consent_v with_o the_o greek_a church_n as_o they_o do_v still_o in_o most_o of_o their_o opinion_n and_o practice_n the_o great_a difference_n seem_v to_o be_v their_o rebaptisation_n whereof_o more_o by_o and_o by_o their_o ecclesiastical_a government_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o all_o the_o church_n till_o now_o of_o late_a i._n e._n by_o bishop_n priest_n and_o deacon_n whether_o they_o retain_v the_o lesser_a order_n as_o they_o be_v call_v i_o can_v find_v till_o of_o late_a the_o supreme_a officer_n in_o their_o church_n be_v the_o metropolitan_a of_o moskow_n who_o be_v elect_v by_o his_o clergy_n be_v ordain_v or_o consecrate_v by_o a_o commission_n from_o the_o patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n but_o about_o the_o year_n 1588._o there_o come_v to_o moskow_n one_o hieronymus_n who_o pretend_v to_o be_v patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n and_o to_o have_v be_v banish_v for_o i_o know_v not_o what_o reason_n by_o the_o turk_n other_o say_v that_o he_o be_v depose_v by_o his_o own_o clergy_n for_o comply_v too_o much_o with_o the_o western_a church_n and_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la he_o do_v endeavour_v to_o reconcile_v the_o russes_z to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n to_o which_o purpose_n ant._n possevine_n be_v at_o that_o time_n also_o send_v by_o the_o pope_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o other_o christian_a prince_n who_o interest_v themselves_o serious_o in_o this_o affair_n which_o not_o succeed_v hieronymus_n begin_v to_o treat_v about_o resign_v his_o patriarchship_n and_o translate_n of_o the_o see_v from_o constantinople_n to_o moskow_n which_o motion_n be_v greedy_o embrace_v by_o the_o russes_z and_o jan._n 25_o 1588._o in_o a_o very_a great_a solemnity_n the_o prince_n and_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o clergy_n go_v in_o procession_n through_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o city_n at_o length_n in_o our_o lady_n church_n he_o make_v a_o oration_n to_o the_o foresay_a purpose_n deliver_v up_o his_o resignation_n authenticated_a and_o his_o patriarchal_a staff_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o metropolitan_a of_o moskow_n who_o present_o with_o divers_a ceremony_n be_v inaugurate_v patriarch_n and_o his_o successor_n do_v all_o use_v that_o title_n and_o be_v consecrate_v by_o their_o own_o bishop_n whether_o this_o action_n be_v valid_a i_o dispute_v not_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o the_o patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n who_o be_v most_o concern_v do_v not_o question_v it_o and_o to_o stop_v his_o mouth_n as_o i_o suppose_v there_o be_v every_o year_n beside_o upon_o divers_a other_o occasion_n a_o very_a considerable_a present_n of_o five_o hundred_o crown_n send_v to_o he_o beside_o the_o greek_n want_v not_o other_o artifices_fw-la as_o send_v thing_n hallow_a relic_n etc._n etc._n for_o which_o they_o receive_v very_o great_a present_n yet_o filaretes_n nikitys_n the_o late_a patriarch_n and_o father_n to_o the_o emperor_n michael_n federowitz_n be_v consecrate_v by_o the_o
his_o crown_n very_o bare_a unction_n and_o the_o like_a they_o vow_v perpetual_a chastity_n and_o abstinence_n from_o flesh_n nor_o have_v he_o that_o be_v once_o enter_v ever_o any_o hope_n to_o get_v out_o again_o the_o monastery_n of_o troitza_n be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v near_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o rubble_n per_fw-la ann_n in_o revenue_n it_o be_v build_v like_o a_o castle_n have_v wall_n of_o stone_n regular_o fortify_v and_o store_v with_o cannon_n and_o the_o ordinary_a number_n of_o religious_a beside_o their_o officer_n and_o servant_n be_v about_o seven_o hundred_o they_o have_v also_o nunnery_n of_o several_a order_n some_o admit_v only_o noble_a widow_n and_o maid_n other_o promiscuous_o but_o this_o be_v universal_o observe_v that_o none_o that_o be_v once_o enter_v do_v ever_o return_v to_o their_o secular_a condition_n the_o emperor_n have_v continue_v with_o his_o wife_n twenty_o year_n without_o have_v issue_n by_o she_o thrust_v she_o into_o a_o nunnery_n where_o after_o two_o month_n she_o be_v brought-a-bed_n but_o can_v not_o for_o all_o that_o go_v out_o of_o the_o nunnery_n the_o history_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o russia_n the_o russes_z have_v the_o same_o vanity_n that_o the_o roman_n and_o most_o other_o nation_n have_v have_v to_o deduce_v their_o original_n either_o from_o god_n or_o the_o most_o famous_a of_o man_n whereby_o how_o much_o honour_n soever_o themselves_o think_v to_o have_v obtain_v so_o much_o do_v other_o nation_n think_v they_o have_v lose_v of_o truth_n some_o author_n derive_v they_o from_o augustus_n cesar_n ivan_n vasilowich_n the_o learn_a of_o all_o the_o russes_z and_o who_o have_v reason_n to_o be_v best_a inform_v tell_v a_o english_a goldsmith_n smile_v because_o the_o emperor_n have_v say_v that_o all_o russes_z were_z thief_n that_o he_o be_v not_o a_o russ_n but_o a_o german_a and_o that_o their_o family_n come_v from_o beala_n a_o famous_a king_n of_o hungary_n more_o particular_n of_o this_o we_o know_v not_o as_o neither_o who_o when_o or_o upon_o what_o occasion_n they_o come_v nor_o who_o be_v their_o successor_n but_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o imperial_a family_n be_v common_o call_v the_o house_n of_o beala_n other_o say_v that_o the_o first_o governor_n be_v three_o brethren_n rurich_n sinaux_n and_o truvor_n of_o the_o varegi_n but_o who_o those_o varegi_n be_v or_o what_o country_n they_o inhabit_v it_o be_v uncertain_a as_o be_v also_o the_o time_n of_o their_o come_n which_o some_o say_v be_v ann_n 752_o other_o 861._o and_o of_o these_o rurich_n settle_v at_o novogrod_n truvor_n at_o plescow_n and_o sinaux_n at_o bielios_a these_o two_o last_o die_v without_o issue_n rurich_n succeed_v and_o leave_v the_o whole_a dominion_n to_o his_o son_n igor_n igor_n marry_v olga_n and_o fight_v with_o the_o drewlians_n be_v take_v by_o they_o and_o behead_v olga_n afterward_o defeat_v and_o destroy_v these_o drewlians_n go_v to_o constantinople_n be_v baptize_v and_o take_v the_o name_n of_o helena_n about_o the_o year_n 876_o bring_v christianity_n into_o russia_n and_o die_v with_o the_o opinion_n of_o sanctity_n and_o her_o anniversary_n day_n be_v july_n 11._o suetoslaw_n when_o he_o come_v to_o age_n succeed_v his_o father_n and_o jeropolick_v he_o next_o after_o he_o be_v wolodomir_n concern_v who_o we_o have_v something_o of_o certainty_n zonara_n say_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o basilius_n the_o emperor_n there_o be_v a_o bishop_n send_v from_o constantinople_n to_o convert_v the_o russes_z i_o think_v his_o name_n be_v leo_n the_o russes_z will_v not_o believe_v except_o they_o see_v a_o miracle_n whereupon_o the_o bishop_n throw_v the_o book_n of_o the_o gospel_n into_o the_o fire_n and_o after_o a_o long_a time_n take_v it_o out_o unblemished_a and_o this_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o conversion_n of_o the_o russes_z but_o their_o solemn_a receive_n it_o be_v not_o till_o 988_o when_o their_o prince_n wolodomir_n marry_v anna_n sister_n of_o basilius_n and_o constantine_n be_v convert_v baptize_v and_o change_v his_o name_n into_o basilius_n he_o be_v by_o they_o look_v upon_o as_o their_o apostle_n and_o they_o celebrate_v his_o festival_n july_n 15._o he_o die_v in_o 1015._o this_o man_n remove_v the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o nation_n from_o kiow_n to_o wolodomir_n he_o have_v many_o child_n who_o fight_v and_o slay_v one_o another_o two_o borissus_n and_o chlebus_n be_v for_o their_o holy_a life_n and_o unjust_a death_n account_v holy_a martyr_n and_o their_o day_n be_v july_n 24._o sewoldus_n coras_fw-la some_o call_v he_o jeroslaw_n after_o many_o war_n subdue_v his_o brethren_n and_o obtain_v the_o government_n he_o be_v follow_v by_o his_o son_n wolodomir_n surname_v monomachus_n but_o other_o say_v he_o be_v call_v jeroslaw_n or_o fair_a bank_n because_o he_o build_v that_o city_n saxon_a grammaticus_n say_v that_o he_o marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o harold_n king_n of_o england_n he_o be_v a_o potent_a prince_n and_o keep_v very_o good_a correspondence_n with_o the_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o action_n of_o this_o be_v confound_v with_o those_o of_o the_o other_o wolodomir_n they_o say_v he_o die_v ann_n 1146_o which_o be_v not_o probable_a if_o he_o be_v the_o husband_n of_o that_o lady_n who_o follow_v and_o be_v not_o set_v down_o till_o 1237_o when_o reign_v george_n by_o some_o call_v gregory_n call_v by_o some_o szeveloditz_n other_o make_v wszevolod_n to_o be_v the_o father_n and_o george_n his_o son_n george_n be_v ann_n 1237_o slay_v by_o batus_fw-la a_o tartarian_a prince_n who_o subject_v the_o whole_a country_n to_o the_o tartar_n order_v that_o the_o tartar_n shall_v from_o time_n to_o time_n choose_v the_o prince_n of_o moskow_n that_o when_o they_o send_v their_o ambassador_n the_o prince_n shall_v go_v to_o meet_v and_o wait_v upon_o he_o on_o foot_n offer_v a_o platter_n of_o mares-milk_n that_o if_o the_o tartar_n let_v any_o of_o it_o fall_v upon_o the_o main_a of_o his_o horse_n the_o prince_n shall_v lick_v it_o up_o and_o that_o he_o shall_v bareheaded_a and_o on_o foot_n give_v the_o tartar_n horse_n his_o provender_n out_o of_o his_o cap_n but_o the_o most_o grievous_a be_v that_o the_o tartar_n have_v a_o house_n and_o a_o guard_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o moskow_n michael_n succeed_v his_o brother_n and_o be_v also_o slay_v by_o the_o same_o tartar_n next_o be_v alexander_n his_o son_n and_o then_o his_o son_n danielou_n or_o daniel_n surname_v caleta_n he_o transfer_v the_o imperial_a seat_n to_o moskow_n and_o call_v himself_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovia_n etc._n etc._n some_o say_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o innocent_a iv_o about_o ann_n 1246._o some_o place_n after_o he_o george_n danielowitz_n caleta_n who_o they_o say_v be_v slay_v by_o demetri_fw-la michaelowitz_n who_o be_v kill_v by_o the_o tartar_n other_o place_n next_o to_o daniel_n his_o son_n ivan_n choose_v by_o zanabeck_n the_o crim-tartar_n who_o favour_v he_o so_o much_o that_o he_o abate_v some_o part_n of_o the_o slavery_n impose_v upon_o the_o tzar_n his_o son_n ivan_n ivanowitz_n succeed_v and_o be_v whole_o subject_a to_o the_o tartar_n demetri_fw-la ivanowitz_n be_v his_o son_n who_o refuse_v to_o pay_v tribute_n to_o the_o tartar_n make_v a_o fierce_a war_n upon_o mamai_n can_n and_o gain_v a_o very_a bloody_a victory_n the_o earth_n for_o thirteen_o mile_n together_o be_v cover_v with_o carcase_n but_o tachtanisk_a can_n in_o another_o battle_n slay_v demetri_fw-la and_o renew_v the_o power_n of_o the_o tartar_n over_o the_o russes_z vasili_n demetriwitz_n follow_v ann_n 1357_o who_o chase_v the_o tartar_n out_o of_o russia_n and_o conquer_a bulgaria_n beyond_o the_o wolga_n be_v jealous_a of_o his_o wife_n anastasia_n he_o disinherit_v his_o son_n vasili_n and_o give_v the_o empire_n to_o his_o brother_n george_n who_o at_o his_o death_n restore_v it_o from_o his_o own_o son_n to_o the_o right_a heir_n but_o those_o son_n make_v war_n upon_o vasili_n take_v he_o prisoner_n and_o put_v out_o his_o eye_n therefore_o be_v he_o call_v vasili_n ciemnox_n or_o dark_a but_o the_o boiar_n be_v faithful_a to_o he_o he_o reign_v peaceable_o till_o his_o death_n and_o leave_v the_o empire_n to_o his_o son_n ivan_n vasilowich_n surname_v grotzdyn_n who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o give_v lustre_n and_o fame_n to_o the_o obscure_a name_n of_o the_o russes_z for_o take_v away_o the_o dukedom_n and_o government_n from_o his_o uncle_n who_o account_v themselves_o absolute_a in_o their_o dominion_n he_o unite_v the_o whole_a nation_n in_o his_o own_o person_n and_o call_v himself_o tzaar_n or_o as_o they_o pronounce_v it_o tzar_n that_o be_v king_n he_o marry_v mary_n daughter_n to_o michael_n duke_n of_o tweria_n some_o say_v severia_n or_o severski_n and_o present_o after_o chase_v he_o out_o of_o his_o
so_o many_o in_o all_o as_o the_o tatar_n to_o show_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o slaughter_n fill_v nine_o great_a sack_n with_o their_o right_a ear_n and_o the_o arabian_a author_n say_v they_o amount_v to_o 270000_o which_o be_v manifest_o false_a if_o speak_v of_o this_o battle_n if_o of_o all_o the_o war_n may_v have_v some_o probability_n this_o battle_n be_v fight_v v._o id._n apr._n 1241_o at_o a_o place_n thence_o call_v walstad_n a_o mile_n from_o lignitz_n the_o tatar_n also_o be_v so_o weaken_v that_o they_o stir_v not_o out_o of_o their_o camp_n for_o fifteen_o day_n space_n to_o cure_v their_o man_n and_o to_o deliberate_v whither_o they_o shall_v march_v next_o and_o they_o resolve_v upon_o moravia_n to_o be_v near_o to_o their_o general_n the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n raise_v what_o man_n he_o can_v send_v they_o under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o very_a valiant_a and_o expert_a soldier_n jaroslaus_n a_o sternberg_n to_o defend_v such_o place_n as_o be_v most_o considerable_a he_o with_o much_o labour_n and_o difficulty_n get_v into_o olmutz_n when_o the_o scout_n of_o the_o tatar_n appear_v before_o the_o town_n trust_v to_o the_o strength_n of_o his_o work_n he_o forbear_v to_o fight_v the_o enemy_n so_o long_o that_o they_o conceive_v he_o a_o coward_n begin_v to_o despise_v he_o and_o to_o keep_v their_o own_o guard_n more_o negligent_o which_o jaroslaus_n perceive_v after_o they_o have_v recommend_v their_o cause_n to_o god_n by_o fast_v and_o prayer_n choose_v a_o dark_a night_n march_v out_o of_o a_o postern_n and_o with_o great_a silence_n fall_v into_o the_o tatar_n camp_n of_o who_o they_o slay_v a_o great_a number_n peta_n be_v slay_v by_o jaroslaus_n himself_o the_o rest_n draw_v off_o and_o march_v to_o batu_n into_o hungary_n batu_n have_v ravage_v for_o two_o year_n together_o not_o only_a hungary_n but_o slavonia_n bosnia_n rascia_fw-la bulgaria_n and_o the_o country_n on_o both_o side_n the_o danube_n some_o say_v that_o after_o this_o make_v a_o attempt_n upon_o austria_n and_o endeavour_v to_o swim_v a_o great_a river_n he_o be_v drown_v other_o that_o go_v against_o the_o greek_a emperor_n he_o be_v overthrow_v however_o it_o be_v it_o be_v agree_v that_o his_o army_n return_v back_o and_z seizing_z upon_o all_o the_o country_n between_o the_o boristhenes_n and_o volga_n and_o the_o taurica_n chersonesus_n which_o before_o they_o very_o much_o waste_v there_o settle_v unto_o this_o day_n be_v call_v crim-tartar_n from_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o chersonesus_n call_v crim_n and_o precopense_n from_o precop_n which_o in_o their_o language_n signify_v a_o ditch_n such_o a_o one_o be_v draw_v across_o the_o isthmus_n to_o cut_v of_o that_o peninsula_n from_o the_o continent_n the_o tartar_n at_o first_o be_v lord_n yet_o not_o absolute_a for_o they_o acknowledge_v the_o superiority_n of_o the_o great_a cham_n the_o chief_a heir_n of_o gingis-chan_n till_o lochtan-chan_n one_o of_o the_o descendant_n from_o batu_n refuse_v obedience_n to_o he_o and_o take_v upon_o himself_o the_o absolute_a dominion_n over_o all_o those_o place_n except_o some_o few_o city_n in_o taurica_n which_o notwithstanding_o their_o conquest_n remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o genovese_n their_o inhabitant_n till_o about_o the_o year_n 1574_o when_o mahomet_n ii_o emperor_n of_o the_o turk_n take_v they_o a_o little_a before_o that_o they_o have_v forsake_v their_o old_a religion_n of_o gingis-chan_n by_o the_o practice_n of_o hedegh_n and_o sida-hameth-chan_n their_o emperor_n and_o embrace_v the_o mahometan_a yet_o the_o common_a people_n be_v not_o very_o zealous_a in_o it_o to_o this_o day_n but_o make_v use_n of_o their_o little_a puppet-idol_n of_o felt_n etc._n etc._n and_o continue_v many_o other_o pagan_a custom_n of_o their_o former_a religion_n mahomet_n the_o great_a fear_v they_o shall_v grow_v too_o powerful_a for_o he_o under_o colour_n of_o take_v in_o the_o city_n of_o caffa_n possess_v by_o the_o genovese_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o chersonesus_n and_o of_o the_o city_n of_o azoph_n or_o azek_n a_o strong_a place_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o tanais_n afterward_o the_o crim-tartar_n aid_v selimus_n i._o who_o marry_v his_o daughter_n with_o a_o army_n of_o 150000_o man_n against_o his_o father_n and_o then_o the_o two_o nation_n make_v a_o league_n that_o the_o tartar_n shall_v assist_v the_o turk_n when_o require_v with_o 50000_o horse_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o make_v war_n except_o against_o the_o muscovite_n without_o leave_n of_o the_o turk_n that_o they_o shall_v yearly_o pay_v to_o the_o turk_n a_o tribute_n of_o three_o hundred_o christian_n some_o fur_n butter_n and_o such_o other_o thing_n and_o the_o turk_n shall_v pay_v they_o 5500_o ducat_n and_o the_o cham_n shall_v succeed_v to_o the_o turkish_a empire_n if_o the_o male_n of_o the_o ottoman_a line_n shall_v fail_v but_o this_o last_v not_o long_o for_o amurath_n iii_o in_o the_o year_n 1584._o quarrel_v mahomet_n the_o crim-tartar_n as_o if_o he_o design_v to_o intercept_v osman_n bassa_n in_o his_o return_n from_o persia_n to_o constantinople_n authorize_v osman_n to_o invade_v he_o who_o take_v he_o and_o his_o two_o son_n strangle_v they_o and_o set_v up_o islan_n the_o brother_n of_o mahomet_n under_o such_o condition_n as_o the_o grand_a signior_n please_v the_o tartar_n do_v enjoy_v also_o all_o the_o country_n of_o budziak_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o niester_n and_o boristhenes_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o but_o the_o turk_n have_v seize_v upon_o that_o so_o that_o now_o their_o dominion_n reach_v only_o between_o dnieper_n or_o boristhenes_n and_o the_o don_n or_o tanais_n and_o of_o this_o that_o peninsula_n call_v taurica_n chersonesus_n be_v the_o chief_a part_n that_o peninsula_n ãâ¦ã_o ãâ¦ã_o or_o chersonesus_n be_v call_v taurica_n because_v inhabit_v by_o a_o sort_n of_o scythian_n call_v tauri_n and_o tauro-scythae_a afterward_o the_o greek_n mingle_v among_o they_o and_o bring_v the_o country_n into_o great_a beauty_n and_o fame_n but_o their_o name_n and_o action_n belong_v to_o the_o ancient_a geography_n the_o genovese_n take_v advantage_n of_o the_o great_a feud_n of_o the_o greek_n among_o themselves_o in_o the_o year_n 1266_o or_o about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o holy-war_n take_v caffa_n and_o plant_v a_o considerable_a interest_n in_o the_o country_n the_o tartar_n either_o permit_v they_o because_o of_o the_o gain_n they_o make_v by_o their_o traffic_n principal_o of_o slave_n which_o they_o furnish_v to_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o world_n but_o especial_o to_o egypt_n who_o general_o have_v all_o their_o mamaluke_n as_o long_o as_o that_o government_n last_v from_o this_o place_n or_o not_o be_v skill_v in_o besiege_v of_o town_n especial_o such_o as_o can_v be_v perpetual_o relieve_v and_o indeed_o it_o be_v very_o convenient_a for_o the_o genovese_n for_o have_v beside_o this_o a_o great_a plantation_n at_o pera_n near_o constantinople_n they_o thereby_o enjoy_v the_o whole_a trade_n of_o the_o black-sea_n till_o as_o we_o say_v they_o be_v ruin_v by_o the_o turk_n since_o which_o time_n i_o can_v find_v that_o it_o have_v suffer_v any_o considerable_a alteration_n we_o shall_v therefore_o describe_v it_o be_v by_o christian_n a_o unfrequented_a country_n out_o of_o mart._n broniovius_n who_o be_v send_v ambassador_n twice_o thither_o from_o stephanes_n battori_n king_n of_o poland_n from_o which_o such_o little_a information_n as_o we_o meet_v with_o since_o do_v not_o considerable_o differ_v this_o chersonesus_n then_o be_v about_o fifty_o league_n long_o and_o thirty_o where_o broad_a the_o first_o town_n at_o the_o entrance_n upon_o the_o east_n be_v przecop_n call_v by_o the_o tartar_n or_o situate_v upon_o the_o dyke_n in_o the_o narrow_a part_n of_o the_o isthmus_n where_o it_o be_v not_o above_o a_o mile_n wide_a ancient_o call_v eupatoria_n pompeiopolis_n beside_o other_o name_n it_o be_v now_o a_o small_a town_n of_o about_o four_o hundred_o fire_n it_o have_v a_o stone_n castle_n but_o not_o strong_a wherein_o the_o cham_n have_v continual_o he_o beg_v or_o palatine_n who_o command_v the_o guard_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o boristhenes_n and_o tanais_n as_o also_o the_o tartar_n in_o the_o plain_n betwixt_o he_o also_o examine_v all_o stranger_n suffer_v none_o to_o pass_v without_o the_o cham_n letter_n sachingeri_fw-la the_o great_a cham_fw-mi here_o overthrow_v the_o nagay-tartar_n and_o raise_v seventeen_o fort_n upon_o the_o dyke_n some_o of_o they_o of_o the_o skull_n and_o bone_n of_o the_o slay_v coslow_n situate_v near_o unto_o the_o black_a sea_n be_v a_o town_n of_o traffic_n have_v near_o two_o thousand_o house_n and_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o cham._n ingerman_n be_v now_o only_a a_o castle_n but_o have_v be_v a_o great_a town_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o ruin_n among_o which_o
present_a royal_a family_n but_o if_o this_o be_v extinct_a the_o vlan_n have_v a_o right_a to_o return_v again_o to_o that_o honour_n the_o most_o promise_a of_o the_o tartar_n youth_n attend_v upon_o the_o cham_n person_n most_o of_o the_o courtier_n and_o great_a person_n be_v very_o rich_a with_o the_o booty_n get_v chief_o from_o the_o christian_n be_v splendid_o clothe_v keep_v good_a house_n and_o live_v as_o well_o as_o the_o noble_a turk_n they_o wear_v no_o sort_n of_o arm_n in_o the_o court_n they_o live_v in_o house_n also_o and_o upon_o their_o land_n which_o they_o husband_n by_o their_o slave_n and_o their_o herd_n in_o the_o country_n which_o be_v govern_v by_o other_o tartar_n their_o retainer_n the_o tartar_n rare_o merchandise_n or_o exercise_v any_o manual_a art_n rather_o choose_v to_o live_v miserable_o and_o poor_o than_o not_o idle_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o cham_n be_v 1._o the_o donative_n and_o present_v send_v he_o yearly_o from_o all_o the_o neighbour-prince_n by_o their_o own_o ambassador_n 2._o tribute_n of_o christian_n jew_n tartar_n and_o in_o sum_n all_o except_o the_o turk_n under_o his_o dominion_n 3._o the_o turk_n pay_v every_o day_n to_o the_o cham_n twenty-five_o dollar_n to_o the_o galga_n twelve_o and_o a_o half_a to_o the_o sultan-hostage_n two_o and_o a_o half_a beside_o land_n all_o the_o great_a person_n also_o have_v salary_n but_o uncertain_a 4._o he_o have_v the_o ten_o of_o all_o the_o slave_n take_v and_o for_o every_o one_o beside_o of_o better_a quality_n three_o crown_n and_o for_o other_o each_o one_o dollar_n 5._o every_o well_o pay_v he_o a_o horse_n 6._o the_o rich_a and_o better_a sort_n of_o tartar_n furnish_v he_o with_o provision_n and_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n all_o the_o nation_n contribute_v 7._o he_o have_v vast_a herd_n and_o flock_n keep_v by_o his_o factor_n 8._o he_o coin_v copper-money_n which_o be_v only_a current_n in_o his_o dominion_n and_o once_o in_o four_o or_o five_o year_n he_o call_v it_o all_o in_o and_o coin_v a_o new_a sort_n the_o force_n of_o the_o chan_n be_v esteem_v in_o all_o such_o as_o they_o be_v to_o amount_v to_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o horse_n foot_n he_o have_v none_o but_o what_o he_o borrow_v from_o the_o turk_n as_o he_o do_v common_o a_o few_o janissary_n for_o the_o guard_n of_o his_o person_n when_o he_o go_v to_o war_n the_o ordinary_a tartar_n live_v miserable_o it_o be_v by_o most_o author_n report_v that_o it_o be_v some_o day_n after_o their_o birth_n that_o they_o first_o open_v their_o eye_n their_o mother_n or_o nurse_n wash_v they_o every_o day_n in_o salt-water_n to_o harden_v and_o thicken_v their_o skin_n against_o cold_a which_o some_o in_o poland_n use_v also_o and_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o necessary_a for_o from_o seven_o year_n old_a that_o they_o leave_v their_o cantares_fw-la their_o late-walking_a habitation_n they_o never_o sleep_v in_o a_o house_n but_o in_o the_o open_a air_n though_o frost_n and_o snow_n nor_o eat_v they_o any_o thing_n but_o what_o they_o shoot_v down_o with_o their_o arrow_n and_o at_o twelve_o or_o fifteen_o year_n old_a they_o go_v to_o war_n with_o their_o father_n their_o clothing_n at_o best_a be_v a_o short_a shirt_n with_o a_o pair_n of_o course_n drawer_n and_o a_o sheeps-skin_n with_o the_o wool_n upon_o it_o over_o their_o shoulder_n garment_n very_o insufficient_a against_o cold_a their_o walk_a cabans_n or_o house_n be_v make_v of_o reed_n osier_n or_o the_o like_a weave_v like_o basket_n twelve_o or_o fifteen_o foot_n wide_a cover_v either_o with_o a_o course_n hairy_a feel_v or_o cloth_n incommodious_a enough_o in_o every_o respect_n their_o ordinary_a diet_n be_v flesh_n almost_o raw_a though_o dead_a of_o sickness_n or_o putrify_a without_o bread_n or_o salt_n and_o sauce_v with_o the_o sweat_n and_o foam_n of_o their_o horse_n only_a garlic_n they_o eat_v in_o abundance_n which_o they_o think_v help_n to_o digest_v their_o undress_v meat_n a_o life_n certain_o not_o desirable_a nor_o to_o be_v embrace_v by_o any_o but_o such_o as_o know_v no_o better_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o many_o of_o they_o among_o the_o muscovite_n leave_v their_o barbarism_n and_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o civility_n and_o religion_n of_o the_o russes_z all_o of_o they_o intermarry_v into_o their_o own_o nation_n render_v they_o all_o like_a to_o one_o another_o that_o be_v they_o be_v of_o mean_a stature_n yet_o square_a and_o big-limmed_a thick_a shoulder_n short_a neck_n great_a head_n broad_a face_n large_a forehead_n large_a and_o black_a eye_n which_o they_o open_v but_o half_a short_a nose_n which_o some_o of_o they_o break_v when_o they_o be_v child_n narrow_a mouth_n tan_a colour_n black_a and_o stiff_a hair_n each_o one_o when_o he_o go_v to_o the_o war_n carry_v with_o he_o two_o or_o three_o horse_n at_o least_o a_o sword_n a_o bow_n and_o quiver_n with_o about_o twenty_o arrow_n a_o knife_n tinderbox_n a_o awl_n to_o mend_v his_o bridle_n etc._n etc._n a_o dial_n with_o a_o needle_n and_o a_o striag_n to_o bind_v his_o prisoner_n their_o horse_n also_o which_o they_o call_v baquemate_n be_v long_o raw-boned_a low_a and_o very_o ugly_a their_o mains_fw-fr and_o tail_n long_a and_o tufty_o yet_o incomparable_a for_o service_n usual_o march_v twenty_n or_o thirty_o league_n without_o draw_v bit_n but_o the_o cham_n myrza_n and_o great_a person_n among_o they_o have_v turkish_a persian_a and_o arabian_a horse_n which_o they_o buy_v at_o very_o great_a rate_n as_o also_o good_a armour_n coat_n of_o mail_n excellent_a fire-arm_n etc._n etc._n the_o chief_a thing_n for_o which_o they_o be_v remarkable_a and_o what_o be_v least_o understand_v concern_v they_o be_v their_o manner_n of_o war_a which_o be_v not_o as_o most_o suppose_v by_o violence_n and_o open_a force_n but_o by_o cunning_a and_o artifice_n in_o this_o manner_n suppose_v they_o will_v invade_v poland_n if_o the_o cham_n go_v in_o person_n he_o march_v seldom_o few_o than_o eighty-thousand_a strong_a if_o a_o mirza_n command_v seldom_o more_o than_o fifty_o thousand_o and_o they_o always_o choose_v the_o winter_n when_o the_o river_n be_v freeze_v and_o the_o rather_o in_o a_o snow_n the_o hard_a slippery_a way_n beat_v their_o horse_n foot_n which_o be_v not_o shod_a except_o some_o few_o which_o have_v piece_n of_o ox_n hoof_n sow_v to_o they_o they_o make_v very_o short_a march_n ten_o or_o twelve_o mile_n a_o day_n and_o they_o contrive_v that_o their_o return_n may_v be_v before_o the_o river_n be_v thaw_v which_o they_o seldom_o be_v till_o march._n they_o march_v as_o much_o as_o be_v possible_a through_o valley_n low_a and_o unfrequented_a place_n to_o conceal_v themselves_o from_o the_o scout_n of_o the_o cossack_n nor_o do_v they_o at_o night_n make_v any_o fire_n they_o continual_o send_v out_o scout_n to_o catch_v some_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o get_v notice_n of_o the_o enemy_n they_o march_v common_o a_o hundred_o i.e._n three_o hundred_o horse_n each_o man_n have_v three_o horse_n in_o front_n which_o take_v up_o near_o a_o thousand_o pace_n and_o in_o file_n when_o most_o close_o they_o reach_v three_o large_a league_n but_o when_o they_o march_v loose_o ten_o league_n a_o army_n of_o eighty_o thousand_o have_v above_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o horse_n they_o make_v a_o halt_v every_o hour_n at_o a_o whistle_n and_o alight_v that_o themselves_o and_o horse_n may_v urine_n they_o divide_v their_o army_n into_o three_o tierce_v then_o whereof_o march_n in_o a_o body_n the_o other_o three_o be_v again_o divide_v into_o two_o which_o make_v the_o two_o wing_n the_o body_n march_v slow_o but_o without_o give_v any_o more_o rest_n than_o a_o hour_n at_o a_o time_n till_o they_o arrive_v at_o the_o utmost_a whither_o they_o design_v to_o go_v nor_o do_v they_o much_o harm_n till_o they_o come_v thither_o but_o when_o they_o return_v which_o be_v by_o another_o way_n the_o wing_n divide_v themselves_o into_o small_a troop_n and_o ravage_v every_o way_n ten_o or_o twelve_o league_n and_o then_o pillage_n burn_v and_o kill_v all_o that_o resist_v those_o that_o yield_v they_o bound_v and_o carry_v away_o prisoner_n all_o their_o cattle_n also_o they_o carry_v away_o only_o the_o hog_n they_o gather_v into_o a_o house_n and_o set_v fire_n into_o the_o four_o corner_n and_o so_o burn_v they_o as_o unclean_a creature_n as_o soon_o as_o these_o wing_n have_v ravage_v so_o far_o they_o return_v to_o the_o body_n which_o be_v easy_o find_v by_o their_o tract_n and_o as_o many_o more_o be_v send_v out_o in_o like_a manner_n and_o after_o their_o return_n as_o many_o more_o so_o that_o they_o all_o plunder_v and_o the_o body_n never_o diminish_v nor_o ever_o march_v more_o than_o a_o footpace_n in_o very_o good_a order_n to_o be_v
always_o ready_a to_o defend_v themselves_o for_o they_o fight_v not_o willing_o if_o the_o enemy_n shall_v charge_v they_o to_o prevent_v their_o mischief_n the_o inhabitant_n have_v always_o either_o their_o own_o dwelling_n fortify_v or_o have_v a_o town_n or_o the_o landlord_n manor-house_n or_o a_o thick_a wood_n to_o which_o they_o retire_v in_o such_o hazard_n the_o cossack_n where_o they_o live_v fill_v their_o ground_n full_a of_o trench_n and_o hedge_n to_o hinder_v their_o march_n they_o also_o keep_v very_o diligent_a watch_n both_o beyond_o and_o upon_o the_o river_n that_o they_o may_v have_v timely_a notice_n of_o their_o invasion_n then_o if_o they_o can_v overtake_v they_o they_o repair_v to_o the_o know_a passage_n of_o which_o there_o be_v not_o many_o through_o the_o nieper_n and_o there_o as_o well_o as_o they_o can_v ambush_n themselves_o to_o surprise_v they_o at_o their_o return_n as_o they_o do_v many_o time_n and_o recover_v much_o of_o the_o prey_n after_o they_o be_v return_v into_o a_o safe_a place_n of_o their_o own_o desert_n they_o put_v themselves_o in_o order_n and_o divide_v the_o prey_n and_o first_o consideration_n be_v have_v of_o they_o who_o have_v lose_v their_o horse_n in_o the_o service_n as_o also_o of_o the_o kindred_n of_o they_o who_o be_v slay_v next_o the_o cham_n after_o he_o the_o officer_n take_v their_o share_n the_o rest_n be_v divide_v among_o the_o soldier_n the_o rich_a of_o their_o prey_n be_v the_o person_n they_o take_v and_o of_o all_o they_o the_o most_o esteem_v be_v the_o polish_v woman_n especial_o virgin_n who_o be_v sell_v at_o very_o great_a rate_n even_o into_o persia_n and_o india_n to_o be_v put_v into_o their_o seraglio_n but_o the_o tartar_n of_o budziack_n have_v another_o maneer_n of_o steal_v budziack_n the_o tartar_n of_o budziack_n they_o be_v less_o civil_a but_o more_o valiant_a than_o other_o tartar_n the_o country_n betwixt_o danubius_n and_o boristhenes_n be_v sometime_o under_o the_o crim-tartar_n till_o the_o turk_n plant_v town_n upon_o the_o convenient_a place_n of_o the_o sea-coast_n and_o along_o the_o river_n yet_o be_v the_o country_n still_o possess_v by_o tartar_n yet_o not_o subject_n either_o to_o the_o turk_n or_o crim_n but_o as_o the_o cossack_n among_o the_o christian_n a_o nation_n of_o thief_n and_o banditi_n libertine_n that_o in_o their_o life_n acknowledge_v no_o superior_a either_o god_n or_o man_n these_o many_o time_n invade_v their_o neighbour_n in_o summer_n but_o with_o lesser_a number_n twenty_o thousand_o at_o most_o lest_o they_o shall_v be_v discover_v because_o the_o cosack_n be_v continual_o upon_o the_o guard_n even_o in_o these_o place_n they_o march_v to_o their_o rendezvous_n which_o they_o appoint_v in_o some_o valley_n or_o obscure_a place_n upon_o the_o confine_n in_o very_o small_a party_n lest_o they_o shall_v be_v descry_v by_o tread_v down_o the_o grass_n they_o observe_v the_o the_o same_o manner_n in_o the_o enemy_n country_n appoint_v certain_a place_n for_o their_o meeting_n and_o separate_v again_o present_o so_o that_o it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o meet_v with_o a_o tract_n but_o if_o the_o cosack_n do_v happen_v upon_o such_o a_o one_o as_o will_v lead_v they_o to_o the_o place_n of_o rendezvous_n yet_o except_o they_o surprise_v they_o eat_v or_o sleep_v which_o be_v very_o difficult_a because_o they_o keep_v such_o diligent_a sentinel_n they_o know_v not_o afterward_o which_o tract_n to_o follow_v to_o overtake_v they_o again_o the_o tartar_n first_o divide_v into_o four_o body_n which_o march_v east_n west_n north_n and_o south_n after_o they_o have_v go_v a_o little_a way_n each_o troop_n subdivide_v again_o into_o three_o and_o after_o that_o each_o troop_n into_o three_o again_o so_o that_o at_o length_n they_o have_v not_o above_o ten_o or_o twelve_o together_o and_o though_o some_o take_v further_a compass_n than_o other_o yet_o all_o know_v the_o time_n and_o place_n of_o meeting_n which_o according_a to_o the_o occasion_n be_v after_o three_o four_o or_o more_o day_n if_o they_o chance_v to_o be_v rencountre_v with_o the_o enemy_n except_o they_o have_v very_o great_a advantage_n they_o fight_v he_o not_o but_o divide_v after_o their_o manner_n and_o run_v away_o full-speed_n yet_o shoot_v still_o if_o pursue_v nor_o be_v the_o horse_n of_o poland_n or_o any_o other_o able_a to_o overtake_v they_o after_o they_o have_v thus_o disperse_v for_o some_o league_n they_o join_v again_o and_o follow_v their_o design_n all_o author_n take_v notice_n also_o of_o a_o great_a advantage_n they_o have_v over_o other_o nation_n that_o they_o can_v see_v better_o and_o far_o insomuch_o that_o a_o tartar_n will_v discern_v a_o single_a russ_n further_a than_o a_o russ_n can_v a_o troop_n of_o tartar_n which_o they_o attribute_v partly_o to_o their_o natural_a constitution_n that_o they_o have_v little_a hollow_a eye_n partly_o to_o their_o custom_n that_o they_o use_v continual_o to_o half-close_a their_o eyelid_n when_o they_o will_v swim_v a_o river_n each_o get_v he_o a_o bundle_n of_o reed_n sedge_n bulrush_n or_o the_o like_a about_o three_o foot_n long_o upon_o which_o they_o tie_v three_o or_o four_o stick_n across_o and_o two_o or_o three_o long-way_n upon_o these_o they_o make_v fast_o their_o saddle_n clothes_n arm_n and_o such_o baggage_n as_o they_o have_v the_o bundle_n they_o make_v fast_o to_o their_o horse_n tail_n so_o that_o from_o a_o convenient_a low_a bank_n they_o go_v into_o the_o river_n hold_v in_o one_o hand_n the_o bridle_n of_o their_o horse_n with_o the_o other_o swim_v themselves_o sometime_o the_o cosack_n seek_v they_o in_o their_o own_o country_n and_o then_o they_o march_v always_o in_o their_o tabor_n that_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o their_o chariot_n and_o send_v out_o sentinel_n on_o every_o side_n at_o a_o good_a distance_n if_o they_o first_o espy_v the_o tartar_n they_o leave_v their_o tabor_n and_o fall_n upon_o they_o and_o common_o have_v the_o advantage_n but_o if_o the_o tartar_n first_o see_v the_o cosack_n they_o assault_v they_o in_o their_o tabor_n but_o at_o a_o distance_n with_o their_o arrow_n which_o though_o they_o reach_v further_o than_o the_o cosack_v gun_n yet_o be_v their_o tabor_n so_o good_a a_o defence_n that_o fifty_o cosack_n will_v not_o fly_v from_o five_o hundred_o tartar_n typus_fw-la generalis_fw-la ukrainae_fw-la sive_fw-la palatinatuum_fw-la podoliae_n kioviensis_fw-la et_fw-la braczlaviensis_fw-la terras_fw-la nova_fw-la declinatione_fw-la exhibens_fw-la vrbs_fw-la antiquâm_fw-la christianâm_fw-la oppidum_n turcae_n pagus_n ruinae_fw-la fons_n fl_fw-mi â¦_o in_o signum_fw-la quo_fw-la fl_fw-mi â¦_o in_o decurrit_fw-la pagi_n tartarum_fw-la homaijbiorum_n g._n mons_fw-la mâlendiâââ_n â_o transitus_fw-la of_o the_o boristhenes_n and_o the_o cosack_n of_o ukrain_n we_o have_v speak_v before_o in_o general_a of_o the_o boristhenes_n as_o far_o as_o it_o continue_v in_o the_o grand_a tzars_n dominion_n wherein_o be_v nothing_o observable_a but_o what_o city_n and_o town_n be_v upon_o it_o which_o appear_v sufficient_o by_o the_o map_n but_o now_o we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o remainder_n which_o be_v betwixt_o the_o dominion_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o tartar_n which_o afford_v we_o great_a variety_n of_o matter_n we_o have_v also_o treat_v in_o general_a of_o the_o cosack_n and_o of_o those_o who_o live_v upon_o the_o tanais_n and_o be_v under_o the_o muscovite_n but_o we_o now_o come_v to_o the_o great_a body_n of_o they_o who_o first_o assume_v that_o name_n and_o inhabit_v upon_o or_o near_o the_o boristhenes_n and_o be_v or_o be_v late_o under_o the_o polander_n we_o begin_v with_o kiow_n the_o place_n of_o the_o original_n of_o these_o valiant_a people_n the_o cosack_n kiow_n kisovia_n of_o kijovia_n be_v a_o ancient_a beautiful_a and_o strong_a city_n even_o before_o it_o be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o russes_z mieceslaus_n their_o duke_n have_v marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o polowtzi_n and_o assist_v they_o be_v himself_o slay_v in_o the_o battle_n and_o the_o town_n afterward_o quite_o ruin_v which_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o volodomir_n deep_o engage_v in_o that_o war_n but_o escape_v make_v volodomir_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o russ-empire_n kiow_n be_v situate_v upon_o a_o hill_n near_o the_o nieper_n where_o still_o remain_v the_o ruin_n of_o many_o arcades_n high_a wall_n church_n and_o sepulture_n of_o divers_a king_n ancient_a than_o those_o of_o the_o russ-prince_n with_o greek_a inscription_n there_o remain_v in_o reasonable_a good_a condition_n two_o church_n s._n sophia_n who_o wall_n be_v line_v with_o excellent_a mosaic_a work_n and_o the_o vault_n be_v earthen_a pot_n cement_v and_o fill_v with_o good_a plaster_n and_o s._n michael_n most_o conspicuous_a for_o its_o guild_a roof_n betwixt_o this_o and_o the_o nieper_n be_v new_a kiow_n along_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n
be_v call_v quartani_fw-la these_o force_n have_v such_o effect_n against_o the_o tartar_n that_o the_o country_n beyond_o breclaw_n bar_n and_o kiow_n begin_v to_o be_v people_v town_n and_o fortress_n to_o be_v build_v and_o colony_n bring_v from_o the_o neighbour_a place_n but_o as_o their_o establishment_n and_o union_n be_v very_o proper_a to_o make_v head_n against_o the_o tartar_n so_o in_o short_a time_n it_o prove_v of_o great_a danger_n to_o poland_n itself_o for_o the_o cosack_v know_v their_o own_o strength_n and_o of_o what_o importance_n they_o be_v begin_v to_o set_v up_o for_o themselves_o they_o will_v not_o obey_v the_o order_n of_o their_o superior_n nor_o acknowledge_v the_o power_n of_o the_o polonian_n over_o they_o their_o first_o rebellion_n be_v in_o the_o year_n 1587._o under_o john_n podkowa_n their_o general_n who_o be_v foil_v take_v and_o his_o head_n strike_v off_o in_o the_o year_n 1596_o sigismond_n iii_o upon_o the_o complaint_n and_o threat_n of_o the_o grand_a signior_n forbid_v they_o to_o pillage_v any_o more_o upon_o the_o black_a sea_n from_o which_o they_o indeed_o for_o awhile_o abstain_v but_o it_o be_v that_o they_o may_v fall_v upon_o russia_n and_o lithvania_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o nalevaiko_n their_o general_n the_o polander_n to_o secure_v their_o country_n be_v force_v to_o raise_v a_o army_n against_o they_o command_v by_o zolkiewski_n who_o the_o cosack_v fight_v at_o bialacerkiew_n and_o worsted_n but_o he_o return_v and_o force_v they_o into_o place_n of_o disadvantage_n compel_v they_o to_o give_v up_o their_o general_n who_o in_o like_a manner_n lose_v his_o head_n in_o the_o year_n 1637_o certain_a polish_v nobleman_n have_v obtain_v the_o land_n upon_o these_o frontier_n in_o the_o place_n appoint_v for_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o cosack_n begin_v to_o force_v these_o their_o new_a subject_n to_o the_o same_o service_n as_o in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v to_o work_v three_o day_n of_o the_o week_n man_n and_o horse_n for_o their_o lord_n to_o pay_v also_o according_a to_o their_o farm_n so_o much_o corn_n poultry_n fowl_n etc._n etc._n at_o easter_n whitsuntide_n and_o christmas_n to_o cart_v home_o his_o lord_n wood_n beside_o other_o duty_n as_o pay_v so_o much_o money_n the_o ten_o of_o their_o cattle_n honey_n fruit_n and_o every_o three_o year_n the_o three_o ox_n and_o these_o ordinary_o beside_o what_o the_o lord_n please_v to_o impose_v upon_o they_o for_o indeed_o the_o lord_n be_v absolute_a nor_o be_v they_o punish_v if_o they_o kill_v their_o paysant_n who_o be_v little_o better_o than_o their_o slave_n these_o nobleman_n also_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o king_n and_o senator_n show_v they_o that_o the_o cosack_v only_o can_v frustrate_v their_o plantation_n for_o the_o paysant_n when_o they_o find_v themselves_o to_o be_v oppress_v list_v themselves_o among_o the_o cosack_n that_o they_o be_v a_o thievish_a libertine_n sort_n of_o people_n and_o hinder_v both_o by_o example_n and_o protection_n the_o obedience_n of_o their_o farmer_n it_o be_v therefore_o resolve_v to_o build_v a_o fort_n at_o kudac_n a_o place_n near_o their_o porouhi_n and_o therefore_o very_o convenient_a to_o bridle_v the_o cosack_n who_o well_o understanding_n to_o what_o this_o tend_v first_o cut_v in_o piece_n two_o hundred_o man_n that_o be_v set_v to_o guard_v the_o build_n of_o it_o afterward_o when_o it_o be_v finish_v resolve_v to_o take_v it_o they_o fall_v into_o jealousy_n of_o their_o general_n sawakonowicz_n and_o have_v murder_v he_o choose_v one_o paulucus_n a_o man_n of_o little_a conduct_n and_o experience_n and_o before_o they_o be_v get_v into_o their_o tabor_n be_v meet_v by_o the_o general_n potoski_n they_o be_v rout_v at_o korsun_n and_o force_v to_o deliver_v up_o their_o general_n and_o four_o more_o of_o their_o chief_a officer_n who_o be_v put_v to_o death_n at_o warsaw_n notwithstanding_o that_o the_o general_n have_v promise_v they_o their_o life_n present_o follow_v the_o loss_n of_o their_o privilege_n and_o their_o town_n trethymirow_n and_o the_o suppression_n of_o their_o militia_n which_o be_v new_o model_v into_o a_o more_o obedient_a form_n this_o more_o irritate_v the_o cosack_n who_o again_o try_v their_o fortune_n with_o potoski_n but_o be_v worsted_n and_o then_o fortify_v themselves_o upon_o the_o river_n starcza_n beyond_o boristhenes_n after_o this_o the_o polonian_n have_v lose_v so_o many_o in_o try_v to_o suppress_v they_o be_v force_v to_o compound_v and_o promise_v that_o their_o militia_n of_o six_o thousand_o shall_v be_v reestablish_v under_o a_o general_n appoint_v by_o the_o king_n but_o these_o article_n be_v not_o observe_v for_o the_o cosack_n as_o they_o return_v every_o man_n to_o his_o house_n be_v kill_v or_o plunder_v by_o the_o polish_v soldier_n and_o another_o militia_n set_v up_o exclude_v the_o ancient_a and_o true_a cosack_n but_o the_o tartar_n a_o little_a after_o ruine_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o vkrain_n show_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o former_a establishment_n for_o vladislaus_n iv_o pretend_v to_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o tartar_n be_v very_o careful_a to_o set_v they_o up_o again_o give_v they_o for_o their_o general_n bogdan_n or_o theodore_n chmielniski_n son_n of_o a_o polish_v gentleman_n enroll_v young_a into_o the_o militia_n of_o the_o cosack_n and_o by_o the_o degree_n of_o captain_n commissary_n etc._n etc._n bring_v to_o be_v general_n this_o man_n be_v the_o spark_n that_o kindle_v that_o terrible_a war_n which_o endanger_v all_o poland_n chmielniski_n in_o the_o year_n 1647_o have_v receive_v some_o injury_n from_o a_o polish_v officer_n whereof_o he_o can_v get_v no_o redress_n begin_v to_o complain_v to_o his_o cosack_n who_o unanimous_o resolve_v to_o stand_v by_o he_o as_o do_v also_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o the_o rustic_n oppress_v by_o their_o landlord_n who_o have_v farm_a out_o much_o of_o their_o land_n to_o the_o jew_n who_o have_v also_o monopolise_v all_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o country_n as_o brew_v of_o beer_n distil_v aquavitae_n nay_o even_o the_o key_n of_o the_o church-door_n insomuch_o that_o a_o native_a can_v not_o be_v marry_v or_o christen_v a_o child_n without_o pay_v so_o much_o to_o a_o jew_n which_o so_o irritate_v the_o rustic_n that_o they_o come_v in_o to_o chmielniski_n and_o make_v he_o a_o army_n of_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o the_o king_n who_o pretend_v to_o fight_v the_o tartar_n and_o endeavour_v the_o conquest_n of_o crim_n underhand_o favour_v they_o but_o the_o commonwealth_n grow_v jealous_a as_o if_o he_o intend_v to_o make_v himself_o absolute_a because_o he_o have_v get_v together_o a_o considerable_a army_n of_o foreigner_n cause_v he_o to_o disband_v that_o army_n and_o disow_v the_o cosack_n and_o send_v against_o they_o a_o army_n part_n of_o which_o turn_v to_o the_o cosack_n the_o rest_n be_v whole_o destroy_v upon_o 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good_a housewifery_n and_o to_o look_v after_o their_o dairy_n or_o else_o employ_v in_o spin_v weave_v or_o sow_v whilst_o the_o man_n according_a to_o their_o several_a quality_n follow_v their_o husbandry_n merchandise_v or_o the_o more_o weighty_a concern_v of_o church_n and_o state_n the_o pesantry_n live_v in_o great_a servitude_n to_o their_o lord_n who_o dominion_n they_o may_v not_o quit_v without_o their_o permission_n if_o they_o be_v bear_v or_o have_v inhabit_v three_o year_n therein_o those_o that_o do_v so_o be_v certain_o hang_v if_o take_v the_o noble_n be_v very_o much_o addict_v to_o travel_v as_o admire_v foreign_a country_n more_o than_o their_o own_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o they_o greedy_o and_o easy_o learn_v the_o language_n of_o those_o nation_n they_o affect_v and_o they_o esteem_v it_o no_o small_a commendation_n of_o their_o ingenuity_n to_o introduce_v something_o of_o the_o new_a habit_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o people_n with_o who_o they_o 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martinus_n smiglecius_n the_o logician_n abr._n bzovius_fw-la who_o have_v continue_v baronius_n annal_n with_o many_o other_o who_o work_n be_v much_o esteem_v in_o foreign_a country_n and_o doubtless_o the_o learned_a will_v have_v be_v oblige_v to_o more_o of_o their_o nation_n have_v not_o their_o writing_n perish_v for_o want_n of_o print_v but_o late_o receive_v among_o they_o physic_n also_o begin_v to_o come_v in_o request_n since_o even_o in_o these_o part_n the_o modern_a luxury_n in_o diet_n be_v attend_v with_o more_o disease_n than_o the_o homely_a fare_n of_o former_a age_n their_o language_n be_v a_o dialect_n of_o the_o slavonian_a language_n language_n and_o not_o so_o copious_a as_o many_o other_o it_o be_v difficult_a to_o write_v and_o read_v because_o of_o the_o multitude_n of_o consonant_n join_v with_o one_o vowel_n yet_o the_o harshness_n be_v much_o correct_v in_o speak_v for_o they_o pronounce_v they_o as_o if_o mix_v with_o vowel_n they_o have_v borrow_v 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herb_n now_o beef_n veal_n and_o mutton_n the_o table_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o citizen_n be_v furnish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o dainty_n wherein_o they_o use_v great_a store_n of_o spice_n and_o sugar_n and_o indeed_o luxury_n in_o diet_n and_o apparel_n prevail_v more_o and_o more_o among_o they_o every_o day_n the_o common_a drink_n of_o the_o country_n be_v beer_n drink_v drink_v and_o mead_n boil_v with_o hops_n beside_o which_o they_o use_v great_a quantity_n of_o aquavitae_n make_v by_o infuse_v wheat_n in_o water_n for_o some_o day_n and_o then_o distil_v off_o the_o spirit_n and_o mix_v it_o with_o sugar_n and_o hot_a spice_n the_o nobility_n and_o merchant_n here_o drink_v wine_n as_o plentiful_o as_o in_o other_o place_n import_v from_o hungary_n moravia_n the_o rhine_n and_o gascogny_n the_o money_n peculiar_a to_o poland_n be_v coin_v in_o such_o small_a piece_n that_o it_o be_v very_o troublesome_a receive_n money_n money_n or_o pay_v out_o any_o round_a sum_n in_o it_o the_o gross_a be_v a_o little_a piece_n of_o copper_n mix_v with_o silver_n value_v at_o three_o halfpence_n english_a the_o attine_n at_o four_o penny_n halfpenny_n their_o trigross_a and_o segross_v both_o of_o pure_a silver_n the_o one_o three_o time_n the_o other_o six_o time_n the_o value_n of_o a_o gross_a but_o the_o most_o current_a money_n in_o poland_n at_o this_o time_n be_v foreign_a coin_n bring_v in_o chief_o though_o not_o in_o great_a plenty_n by_o the_o hungarian_a german_a and_o italian_a merchant_n for_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o country_n which_o be_v rye_n wheat_n barley_n oat_n and_o other_o pulse_n flax_n hops_n hides_n tallow_n tan_a leather_n divers_a sort_n of_o fur_n bring_v first_o out_o of_o muscovy_n but_o dress_v and_o vend_v here_o honey_n wax_n amber_n pitch_n pot-ash_n mast_n and_o plank_n the_o horse_n also_o of_o poland_n for_o their_o swiftness_n hardiness_n and_o easy_a pace_n be_v much_o covet_v by_o foreigner_n beside_o all_o these_o it_o supply_v the_o neighbour_a country_n with_o vast_a number_n of_o ox_n and_o sheep_n to_o which_o must_v be_v add_v the_o salt-pit_n whence_o spring_v the_o great_a revenue_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v the_o riches_n of_o poland_n consist_v in_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o country_n already_o mention_v traffic_n traffic_n which_o though_o they_o be_v of_o several_a sort_n and_o general_a use_n yet_o bring_v but_o little_a money_n into_o the_o kingdom_n be_v counterpoise_v by_o the_o incredible_a quantity_n and_o rich_a variety_n of_o foreign_a merchandise_n so_o that_o they_o hardly_o suffice_v to_o pay_v for_o the_o cloth_n silk_n jewel_n tapestry_n the_o fruit_n spice_n saltfish_n wine_n tin_n and_o steel_n bring_v in_o from_o england_n flanders_n portugal_n and_o spain_n etc._n etc._n but_o to_o say_v the_o truth_n the_o people_n be_v neither_o industrious_a nor_o addict_v to_o trade_n the_o nobility_n be_v forbid_v it_o by_o their_o own_o constitution_n upon_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o their_o honour_n and_o the_o commonalty_n for_o the_o most_o part_n want_v estate_n sufficient_a to_o promote_v it_o beside_o those_o of_o better_a fortune_n spend_v too_o much_o of_o their_o revenue_n in_o costly_a apparel_n and_o furnish_v their_o table_n by_o which_o mean_n instead_o of_o save_v and_o lay_v up_o they_o become_v very_o poor_a or_o at_o least_o always_o in_o a_o want_a condition_n to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v that_o their_o country_n lie_v not_o commodious_o for_o traffic_v not_o have_v the_o advantage_n of_o any_o considerable_a port_n town_n dantzick_n only_o except_v the_o chief_a strength_n of_o poland_n consist_v in_o their_o cavalry_n which_o be_v very_o numerous_a and_o ready_o raise_v strength_n military_a strength_n the_o nobility_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n to_o attend_v the_o king_n in_o all_o expedition_n for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o such_o case_n the_o king_n send_v his_o summons-into_a all_o the_o palatinate_v which_o be_v proclaim_v three_o time_n and_o at_o a_o month_n distance_n from_o one_o another_o upon_o the_o three_o proclamation_n the_o nobility_n be_v oblige_v to_o repair_v to_o the_o paricular_a rendezvous_n of_o their_o own_o palatine_a who_o lead_v they_o to_o the_o general_a rendezvous_n and_o in_o regard_n they_o be_v exempt_v from_o all_o other_o burden_n they_o bear_v their_o own_o charge_n all_o the_o time_n of_o the_o war_n if_o there_o be_v any_o that_o refuse_v to_o appear_v their_o good_n be_v present_o confiscate_v to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o king_n table_n they_o all_o serve_v on_o horseback_n and_o be_v enroll_v above_o 200000_o yet_o in_o as_o much_o as_o they_o have_v very_o few_o fortify_v place_n on_o any_o side_n for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o frontier_n they_o can_v hardly_o draw_v together_o above_o 100000_o without_o leave_v their_o province_n too_o naked_a but_o these_o force_n when_o assemble_v serve_v only_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n and_o
march_v not_o beyond_o its_o limit_n above_o five_o league_n wherefore_o when_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o lead_v a_o army_n further_o it_o be_v decree_v in_o the_o senate_n which_o be_v convoke_v before_o every_o war_n to_o levy_v stipendiary_a soldier_n and_o as_o they_o be_v compose_v principal_o of_o the_o noble_n they_o frequent_o signalise_v themselves_o by_o their_o valour_n and_o success_n against_o the_o much_o great_a number_n of_o their_o enemy_n thus_o zamoschius_n in_o the_o time_n of_o sigismond_n the_o three_o with_o 3000_o man_n worsted_n carigereius_n the_o scythian_a who_o with_o 70000_o be_v make_v a_o inroad_n into_o poland_n and_o force_v he_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o thousand_o of_o his_o tartar_n to_o return_v into_o his_o own_o country_n taurica_n chersonesus_n and_o zolkievi_n with_o 3000_o horse_n set_v upon_o 80000_o muscovite_n unawares_o put_v themselves_o all_o to_o flight_n and_o bring_v away_o prisoner_n three_o german_a regiment_n that_o 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the_o polander_n may_v be_v say_v to_o equal_v both_o in_o number_n and_o quality_n most_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n yet_o it_o often_o fall_v out_o that_o they_o be_v unsuccesful_a in_o their_o undertake_n partly_o because_o of_o the_o slowness_n as_o well_o of_o their_o council_n which_o consist_v of_o all_o the_o principal_a officer_n in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o ready_o convene_v nor_o without_o much_o ado_n keep_v together_o as_o of_o their_o noble_n in_o their_o rendezvouse_n who_o seldom_o come_v in_o before_o the_o last_o summons_n partly_o also_o because_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o soldier_n depend_v more_o upon_o their_o particular_a patron_n than_o the_o king_n be_v apt_a to_o follow_v their_o inclination_n though_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o public_a beside_o it_o be_v a_o difficult_a thing_n to_o furnish_v necessary_n for_o so_o many_o person_n any_o long_a time_n have_v no_o public_a magazine_n provide_v towards_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o war_n they_o be_v incline_v to_o mutiny_n and_o disband_v before_o they_o have_v do_v their_o work_n fortify_v town_n they_o have_v but_o few_o as_o we_o say_v before_o believe_v their_o own_o courage_n fortification_n enough_o to_o defend_v their_o country_n and_o unwilling_a by_o mean_n of_o garrison_n to_o give_v their_o king_n opportunity_n of_o assume_v a_o absolute_a power_n and_o arbitrary_a rule_n over_o they_o the_o government_n of_o poland_n partake_v more_o of_o aristocracy_n than_o monarchy_n ãâ¦ã_o ãâ¦ã_o and_o be_v share_v among_o the_o king_n the_o senate_n and_o nobility_n some_o will_v reckon_v in_o the_o citizen_n and_o kmetone_n for_o so_o in_o old_a charter_n be_v the_o husbandman_n call_v who_o live_v disperse_v in_o village_n but_o they_o be_v never_o admit_v to_o public_a office_n and_o employment_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v number_v among_o the_o order_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o first_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v successive_a ãâã_d ãâã_d of_o the_o ãâã_d as_o appear_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o all_o their_o historian_n and_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n that_o the_o reign_a prince_n appoint_v his_o successor_n so_o lescus_n the_o three_o appoint_v popielus_n so_o also_o boleslaus_n the_o chaste_a do_v lescus_n the_o black_n nay_o oftentimes_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n divide_v the_o kingdom_n among_o their_o son_n which_o be_v not_o usual_a in_o elective_a government_n this_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o example_n of_o boleslaus_n crivoustus_n and_o be_v further_o confirm_v in_o the_o polonian_a history_n by_o the_o precedent_n of_o boleslaus_n the_o curl_a but_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n augustus_n a_o law_n be_v make_v that_o no_o king_n of_o poland_n shall_v presume_v to_o nominate_v or_o impose_v on_o the_o kingdom_n a_o successor_n which_o law_n be_v not_o only_o renew_v in_o the_o interregnum_fw-la after_o his_o death_n but_o several_a time_n afterward_o the_o custom_n of_o election_n have_v encroach_v upon_o the_o sceptre_n for_o some_o while_n before_o for_o want_v of_o issue_n of_o the_o true_a polish_v royal_a family_n from_o this_o electiveness_n it_o now_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o from_o the_o death_n of_o one_o till_o the_o election_n of_o another_o king_n there_o be_v frequent_o too_o long_o interregna_fw-la during_o which_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n perform_v all_o kingly_a office_n act_v in_o all_o thing_n like_o their_o sovereign_n without_o any_o distinction_n save_v that_o he_o be_v not_o crown_v with_o the_o royal_a diadem_n and_o such_o a_o interregnum_fw-la may_v happen_v not_o only_o by_o the_o death_n but_o by_o the_o deposition_n or_o resignation_n of_o the_o king_n deposition_n of_o king_n be_v former_o more_o frequent_a in_o poland_n then_o now_o henry_n valois_n be_v the_o last_o precedent_n in_o that_o kind_n who_o be_v elect_v king_n of_o poland_n when_o he_o hear_v of_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n charles_n the_o nine_o withdraw_v himself_o private_o out_o of_o poland_n by_o night_n that_o he_o may_v not_o loose_v his_o right_n in_o france_n whereupon_o the_o pole_n after_o they_o have_v often_o beseech_v his_o return_n find_v he_o not_o in_o the_o least_o incline_v to_o forsake_v a_o successive_a for_o a_o elective_a kingdom_n in_o a_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n discharge_v he_o from_o be_v king_n of_o poland_n and_o renounce_v their_o allegiance_n the_o most_o memorable_a example_n of_o resignation_n be_v that_o of_o john_n casimir_n in_o the_o year_n 1669_o of_o which_o a_o large_a narrative_a be_v give_v by_o nicolas_n chwalkowski_n in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la publico_fw-la polonico_n who_o be_v a_o eye_n witness_n of_o the_o whole_a ceremony_n the_o interrex_n or_o person_n who_o perform_v the_o regal_a office_n during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la as_o be_v say_v be_v the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n a_o legate_n bear_v the_o primate_n and_o first_o prince_n of_o the_o kingdom_n not_o suspect_v as_o be_v a_o spiritual_a person_n of_o affect_v the_o crown_n which_o dignity_n be_v not_o confer_v upon_o he_o by_o election_n but_o be_v annex_v to_o his_o archbishopric_n lest_o any_o delay_n in_o his_o nomination_n shall_v endammage_n the_o public_a this_o office_n he_o take_v upon_o he_o not_o only_o upon_o the_o death_n but_o also_o in_o the_o king_n absence_n or_o residence_n in_o another_o country_n as_o when_o henry_n withdraw_v into_o france_n and_o sigismond_n the_o three_o go_v into_o swedeland_n if_o there_o be_v no_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n than_o this_o dignity_n belong_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n or_o in_o his_o absence_n also_o or_o vacancy_n of_o the_o see_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o posnania_n at_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la the_o archbishop_n betake_v himself_o to_o warsaw_n whither_o all_o the_o neighbour_a nobility_n repair_v to_o he_o by_o who_o advice_n proclamation_n be_v issue_v forth_o out_o of_o the_o archbishop_n chancery_n under_o his_o hand_n with_o all_o his_o title_n annex_v whereby_o the_o interregnum_fw-la be_v proclaim_v by_o the_o public_a minister_n in_o all_o the_o palatinate_v and_o district_v of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a while_o all_o necessary_a order_n be_v take_v for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o people_n the_o interrex_n also_o receive_v open_v and_o answer_v all_o the_o letter_n from_o foreign_a prince_n give_v audience_n to_o all_o foreign_a ambassador_n and_o indeed_o all_o the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n pass_v through_o his_o hand_n as_o for_o the_o candidate_n this_o be_v certain_o agree_v that_o no_o piasti_fw-la or_o native_a be_v exclude_v from_o the_o hope_n of_o election_n the_o elector_n in_o the_o first_o place_n be_v the_o prime_a senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o ecclesiastic_a as_o secular_a next_o to_o they_o the_o nobility_n who_o have_v liberty_n to_o act_n either_o in_o their_o proper_a person_n or_o by_o deputy_n and_o last_o the_o deputy_n of_o cracow_n posnania_n leopolis_n
and_o vilna_n for_o the_o polonian_n believe_v that_o it_o very_o much_o avail_v both_o to_o the_o security_n of_o the_o governor_n and_o to_o confirm_v the_o allegiance_n of_o they_o that_o obey_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v choose_v by_o the_o generality_n who_o can_v then_o have_v no_o pretence_n to_o complain_v of_o their_o own_o act._n the_o place_n of_o election_n be_v in_o a_o open_a field_n not_o far_o from_o warsaw_n near_o the_o village_n wola_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o they_o who_o have_v voice_n in_o the_o election_n it_o be_v mark_v out_o by_o the_o marshal_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n when_o the_o day_n of_o election_n be_v come_v and_o the_o senator_n all_o meet_v the_o interrex_n ask_v the_o question_n three_o time_n whether_o it_o be_v their_o pleasure_n to_o command_v that_o such_o a_o one_o shall_v be_v declare_v king_n if_o by_o consent_n of_o voice_n they_o return_v for_o a_o answer_n it_o please_v we_o let_v he_o live_v then_o the_o archbishop_n declare_v he_o king_n in_o these_o word_n in_o the_o name_n of_o god_n i_o declare_v such_o a_o one_o king_n and_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n and_o beseech_v the_o king_n of_o heaven_n to_o enable_v he_o for_o so_o great_a a_o charge_n and_o through_o his_o mercy_n so_o to_o order_n that_o the_o election_n may_v be_v prosperous_a for_o the_o nation_n and_o happy_a for_o the_o catholic_n religion_n after_o which_o the_o marshal_n proclaim_v the_o election_n in_o the_o follow_a manner_n king_n n._n be_v unanimous_o elect_v and_o so_o declare_v by_o the_o interrex_n he_o therefore_o all_o you_o acknowledge_v your_o lawful_o elect_a and_o declare_v king_n if_o the_o king_n so_o elect_v be_v absent_a his_o ambassador_n be_v oblige_v to_o confirm_v by_o oath_n the_o condition_n and_o receive_v the_o decree_n of_o the_o election_n after_o which_o the_o marshal_n make_v a_o second_o proclamation_n in_o these_o word_n the_o polander_n have_v a_o lawful_a king_n on_o the_o other_o side_n before_o the_o king_n be_v admit_v he_o be_v oblige_v by_o oath_n to_o preserve_v the_o law_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o covenant_n agree_v upon_o by_o the_o estate_n in_o all_o their_o clause_n point_n and_o condition_n and_o to_o renew_v the_o say_a oath_n at_o his_o coronation_n but_o though_o he_o be_v now_o elect_v the_o interregnum_fw-la do_v not_o cease_v till_o after_o his_o coronation_n for_o till_o then_o he_o assume_v no_o other_o title_n then_o that_o of_o king_n elect_n neither_o be_v his_o letter_n to_o foreign_a prince_n seal_v with_o any_o other_o seal_n than_o that_o of_o the_o chamber_n so_o that_o though_o the_o present_a king_n be_v permit_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o seal_n of_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n before_o his_o coronation_n that_o be_v only_o do_v upon_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o muscovitick_a expedition_n the_o usual_a place_n of_o coronation_n be_v cracow_n where_o the_o crown_n be_v keep_v in_o the_o chief_n treasury_n under_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o high_a treasurer_n and_o the_o person_n perform_v the_o ceremony_n be_v always_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n if_o not_o prevent_v by_o sickness_n the_o chief_a ceremony_n at_o the_o coronation_n be_v the_o question_n propound_v to_o the_o king_n will_v thou_o profess_v the_o catholic_n faith_n deliver_v by_o catholic_n man_n answ_n i_o will_n will_v thou_o defend_v and_o maintain_v the_o church_n and_o its_o minister_n will_v thou_o uphold_v defend_v and_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n by_o god_n commit_v to_o thy_o care_n according_a to_o justice_n ans_fw-fr i_o will_n all_o which_o he_o confirm_v by_o the_o usual_a form_n of_o word_n and_o lay_v his_o hand_n upon_o the_o evangelist_n the_o ceremony_n of_o anoint_v be_v perform_v with_o say_v these_o word_n i_o anoint_v thou_o king_n with_o the_o sanctify_a oil_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o father_n son_n and_o holy_a ghost_n the_o word_n of_o confirmation_n be_v sit_v and_o possess_v the_o throne_n appoint_v thou_o by_o god_n let_v thy_o hand_n be_v strengthen_v and_o thy_o right_a hand_n exalt_v the_o solemnity_n be_v end_v the_o king_n repair_v to_o the_o grand_a assembly_n for_o the_o coronation_n where_o the_o interrex_n resign_v his_o authority_n and_o the_o senator_n together_o with_o the_o nobility_n and_o deputy_n of_o the_o city_n take_v their_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o the_o new_a king_n the_o present_a power_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n will_n more_o plain_o appear_v by_o a_o recital_n of_o the_o article_n to_o the_o observance_n whereof_o they_o bound_v themselves_o as_o well_o before_o as_o at_o their_o coronation_n for_o they_o contain_v all_o the_o essential_a property_n of_o regal_a dominion_n under_o the_o name_n of_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la as_o to_o their_o power_n in_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n the_o roman-catholick_n king_n of_o poland_n have_v be_v so_o kind_a as_o to_o part_v with_o their_o chief_a prerogative_n in_o that_o particular_a reserve_v only_o to_o themselves_o the_o collation_n of_o benefice_n the_o king_n swear_v to_o maintain_v peace_n between_o the_o dissenter_n in_o religion_n of_o which_o there_o be_v many_o in_o poland_n and_o to_o compose_v the_o cause_n and_o difference_n among_o person_n profess_v the_o greek_a religion_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la swear_v to_o by_o john_n the_o three_o now_o reign_v as_o for_o foundation_n of_o church_n and_o monastery_n whatsoever_o liberty_n the_o king_n may_v have_v to_o erect_v they_o be_v to_o be_v confirm_v by_o all_o the_o order_n at_o the_o general_a assembly_n of_o estate_n and_o thus_o the_o immunity_n and_o privilege_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o the_o academy_n of_o vilna_n be_v also_o confirm_v the_o next_o prerogative_n be_v the_o legislative_a power_n concern_v which_o we_o find_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o lechus_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v a_o absolute_a authority_n of_o make_v law_n themselves_o as_o necessity_n require_v but_o afterward_o when_o they_o have_v receive_v the_o christian_a faith_n they_o begin_v to_o make_v law_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o peer_n insomuch_o that_o sigismond_n the_o three_o in_o the_o year_n 1570_o enact_v that_o no_o law_n shall_v be_v of_o public_a force_n till_o review_v and_o subscribe_v by_o such_o a_o number_n of_o deputy_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o senator_n who_o consent_n be_v to_o be_v require_v beforehand_o whether_o the_o law_n shall_v pass_v which_o law_n remain_v to_o this_o day_n the_o determination_n of_o controversy_n be_v likewise_o former_o in_o the_o breast_n of_o the_o king_n as_o supreme_a judge_n till_o vladislaus_n jagello_n grant_v this_o privilege_n to_o the_o nobility_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v punish_v or_o imprison_v till_o convict_v by_o law_n after_o he_o bathor_n throw_v off_o the_o burden_n of_o hear_v cause_n from_o his_o own_o shoulder_n and_o erect_v several_a court_n of_o judicature_n in_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n reserve_v only_o to_o himself_o the_o judgement_n of_o such_o cause_n as_o concern_v his_o chequer_n and_o such_o city_n as_o be_v immediate_o under_o his_o jurisdiction_n but_o now_o the_o nobility_n create_v the_o chief_a judge_n or_o marshal_n with_o his_o assistant_n in_o those_o tribunal_n nor_o do_v the_o king_n sit_v alone_o upon_o cause_n that_o come_v before_o he_o by_o way_n of_o appeal_n beside_o the_o king_n swear_v to_o determine_v all_o court_n cause_v according_a to_o the_o advice_n and_o opinion_n of_o the_o senator_n and_o officer_n reside_v at_o court_n as_o also_o to_o call_v the_o cause_n in_o order_n as_o they_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o register_n and_o neither_o to_o retard_v nor_o further_o any_o cause_n for_o favour_n or_o interest_n the_o power_n of_o make_v war_n do_v former_o without_o doubt_n absolute_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n but_o casimir_n the_o three_o in_o the_o year_n 1454_o make_v a_o promise_n that_o he_o will_v undertake_v no_o war_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o senate_n at_o this_o day_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la promise_v not_o to_o admit_v or_o call_v in_o any_o foreign_a assistance_n without_o the_o especial_a consent_n of_o the_o estate_n not_o to_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o the_o stand_a militia_n nor_o raise_v force_n private_o not_o to_o send_v aid_n to_o any_o other_o prince_n without_o consent_n as_o aforesaid_a nor_o to_o commit_v the_o trust_n of_o fort_n or_o castle_n to_o stranger_n or_o plebeian_n but_o to_o man_n of_o worth_n and_o land_a nobility_n beside_o all_o these_o engagement_n there_o be_v a_o council_n of_o war_n elect_v out_o of_o the_o senate_n and_o nobility_n to_o attend_v and_o advise_v he_o in_o the_o field_n according_a to_o the_o late_a constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1676_o and_o several_a other_o before_o he_o be_v also_o
express_o forbid_v to_o undertake_v any_o offensive_a war_n as_o a_o affair_n whole_o belong_v to_o the_o general_n assembly_n again_o his_o power_n of_o make_v peace_n and_o enter_v into_o new_a league_n be_v so_o far_o limit_v that_o neither_o shall_v be_v valid_a unless_o approve_v and_o confirm_v by_o the_o general_a estate_n only_o ancient_a alliance_n may_v be_v renew_v by_o the_o king_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o senator_n resident_a at_o court_n what_o his_o power_n be_v in_o raise_v tribute_n and_o tax_n may_v be_v easy_o gather_v from_o the_o word_n of_o konarscius_n in_o fredo_n p._n 98._o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n say_v he_o have_v exempt_v thou_o speak_v to_o the_o king_n from_o all_o charge_n and_o expense_n it_o be_v their_o business_n to_o pay_v the_o soldiery_n and_o to_o furnish_v the_o magazine_n thou_o with_o their_o joint_n and_o mutual_a consent_n to_o proclaim_v war_n overcome_v and_o triumph_v the_o coinage_n of_o money_n be_v a_o royal_a prerogative_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o poland_n know_v money_n be_v in_o the_o sole_a power_n of_o the_o king_n but_o vladislaus_n jagello_n in_o the_o year_n 1422_o make_v a_o promise_n not_o to_o coin_v any_o money_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o counsellor_n which_o law_n be_v renew_v by_o sigismond_n the_o three_o in_o the_o year_n 1632_o and_o insert_v into_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la swear_v to_o by_o the_o present_a king_n nor_o be_v it_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o senate_n that_o casimir_n jagello_n grant_v to_o the_o city_n of_o dantzick_n elbing_n and_o thorn_n the_o privilege_n of_o coin_v money_n which_o they_o keep_v to_o this_o day_n the_o prerogative_n of_o confer_v employment_n and_o honour_n still_o remain_v in_o the_o sole_a power_n of_o the_o king_n he_o be_v supreme_a judge_n and_o arbyter_n of_o merit_n and_o reward_n and_o dispose_v of_o all_o as_o well_o ecclesiastical_a as_o civil_a dignity_n yet_o this_o illustrious_a prerogative_n suffer_v some_o eclipse_n too_o for_o first_o the_o king_n can_v advance_v no_o foreigner_n nor_o any_o person_n who_o have_v no_o land_n in_o the_o province_n where_o the_o preferment_n lie_v next_o he_o can_v neither_o diminish_v nor_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o the_o office_n either_o of_o the_o court_n or_o kingdom_n three_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o supply_v such_o as_o be_v vacant_a by_o a_o time_n limit_v four_o he_o engage_v himself_o not_o to_o bestow_v the_o office_n of_o bishop_n nor_o the_o command_n of_o palatine_a castellane_n or_o captain_n upon_o any_o of_o his_o son_n grandchild_n or_o other_o relation_n of_o the_o royal_a blood_n five_o he_o be_v restrain_v from_o confer_v a_o plurality_n of_o high_a dignity_n upon_o one_o person_n last_o he_o be_v bind_v not_o to_o seek_v any_o private_a advantage_n by_o the_o advancement_n of_o any_o man_n and_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o all_o promise_n of_o preferment_n make_v in_o order_n to_o his_o advancement_n to_o the_o crown_n shall_v be_v invalid_a but_o grant_v his_o power_n to_o be_v considerable_a in_o confer_v of_o honour_n yet_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o deprive_v the_o same_o person_n though_o ill_a deserve_n of_o the_o honour_n once_o confer_v upon_o they_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n and_o with_o their_o approbation_n he_o may_v remove_v from_o their_o employment_n not_o only_o secular_o but_o ecclesiastic_n by_o the_o same_o permission_n he_o have_v also_o power_n to_o create_v duke_n earls_z and_o baron_n but_o the_o reason_n why_o he_o make_v so_o few_o be_v because_o the_o polish_v nobility_n will_v not_o admit_v of_o any_o other_o superiority_n one_o among_o another_o than_o what_o come_v by_o birthright_n and_o because_o they_o be_v very_o cautious_a of_o admit_v stranger_n he_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o advance_v any_o foreigner_n into_o the_o number_n of_o the_o nobility_n by_o way_n of_o naturalisation_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n first_o obtain_v and_o the_o particular_a recommendation_n of_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n it_o be_v in_o the_o king_n power_n to_o give_v audience_n to_o the_o ambassador_n of_o foreign_a prince_n and_o to_o elect_v his_o own_o but_o he_o can_v send_v they_o abroad_o upon_o the_o concern_v of_o peace_n war_n or_o enter_v into_o new_a league_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o resident_a senator_n former_o the_o privilege_n of_o hunt_v belong_v sole_o to_o the_o king_n but_o now_o every_o one_o of_o the_o nobility_n have_v power_n to_o use_v that_o sport_n in_o his_o own_o ground_n the_o king_n can_v contract_v a_o marriage_n for_o himself_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o senate_n he_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o enjoy_v or_o possess_v any_o land_n of_o inheritance_n in_o his_o own_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v he_o suffer_v to_o stir_v beyond_o its_o confine_n except_o the_o senate_n agree_v thereto_o he_o may_v not_o have_v any_o foreigner_n employ_v about_o he_o at_o court_n for_o all_o the_o court-officer_n be_v swear_v to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a not_o only_o to_o the_o king_n but_o also_o to_o the_o senate_n and_o be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n he_o be_v also_o oblige_v by_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o queen_n do_v not_o meddle_v with_o state_n affair_n to_o all_o these_o article_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n most_o religious_o swear_v observance_n nay_o to_o keep_v their_o king_n the_o more_o in_o awe_n the_o nobility_n of_o poland_n publish_v the_o follow_a declaration_n in_o the_o year_n 1609_o if_o any_o nobleman_n or_o senator_n observe_v that_o the_o king_n have_v act_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o kingdom_n he_o be_v to_o give_v notice_n thereof_o to_o the_o primate_n and_o the_o senator_n who_o be_v to_o admonish_v the_o king_n thereof_o if_o he_o slight_v the_o admonition_n it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a public_o to_o declare_v the_o king_n neglect_n to_o the_o senate_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o deputy_n may_v be_v enjoin_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a nobility_n to_o advise_v he_o to_o desist_v from_o act_v so_o contrary_a to_o the_o establish_a law_n of_o the_o land_n if_o the_o king_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o this_o second_o admonition_n they_o be_v then_o to_o acquaint_v the_o general_n assembly_n of_o estate_n if_o the_o three_o admonition_n prevail_v not_o than_o all_o the_o order_n be_v to_o proceed_v according_a to_o the_o article_n of_o withdraw_a their_o allegiance_n the_o revenue_n of_o the_o king_n household_n arise_v out_o of_o his_o land_n and_o salt-pit_n be_v compute_v to_o above_o three_o million_o of_o florin_n yearly_a of_o which_o piasecius_n give_v this_o account_n that_o the_o allowance_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v such_o as_o be_v not_o only_o sufficient_a to_o maintain_v the_o splendour_n of_o a_o court_n equal_a to_o any_o prince_n in_o christendom_n but_o also_o large_a enough_o for_o all_o occasion_n of_o royal_a munificence_n the_o truth_n of_o which_o many_o of_o the_o nobility_n experience_n by_o the_o large_a possession_n which_o the_o king_n often_o grant_v they_o during_o he_o or_o their_o life_n the_o public_a revenue_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v either_o ordinary_a or_o extraordinary_a the_o ordinary_a revenue_n be_v the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o king_n land_n grant_v by_o he_o towards_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o soldiery_n impost_n upon_o wine_n custom_n upon_o good_n export_v and_o import_v the_o four_o gross_a out_o of_o great_a and_o little_a poland_n etc._n etc._n the_o extraordinary_a revenue_n be_v 1._o the_o agraria_n or_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n tax_v upon_o land_n and_o farm_n 2._o excise_n upon_o beer_n from_o which_o the_o tenant_n of_o nobleman_n that_o keep_v publick-house_n be_v not_o free_a 3._o capitatio_fw-la judaica_n or_o the_o jew_n pole-money_n which_o in_o the_o year_n 1671_o be_v tax_v at_o 150000_o florin_n the_o jew_n in_o lithvania_n upon_o extremity_n be_v tax_v at_o 40000_o florin_n sometime_o they_o pay_v two_o florin_n a_o head_n for_o themselves_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n 4._o the_o merchant_n donative_n which_o in_o the_o year_n 1650_o be_v raise_v to_o 40000_o florin_n 5._o the_o chimney-money_n which_o be_v double_v and_o treble_v as_o necessity_n require_v sometime_o a_o general_a pole_n be_v lay_v upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n where_o every_o man_n the_o archbishop_z not_o except_v pay_v according_a to_o his_o estate_n and_o the_o office_n he_o hold_v nothing_o of_o all_o this_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n but_o it_o be_v all_o reserve_v for_o public_a use_n of_o which_o the_o treasurer_n give_v a_o account_n to_o the_o general_a estate_n who_o have_v the_o only_a power_n to_o levy_v these_o new_a assessment_n and_o extraordinary_a imposition_n as_o the_o necessity_n of_o affair_n require_v the_o king_n
enter_v into_o his_o office_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o present_a to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o principal_a minister_n of_o state_n the_o apostolic_a brief_n of_o his_o nunciature_n wherein_o he_o acknowledge_v the_o king_n as_o supreme_a to_o conclude_v it_o have_v be_v often_o controvert_v among_o which_o of_o aristotle_n five_o sort_n of_o government_n the_o government_n of_o poland_n may_v be_v reckon_v which_o when_o the_o most_o learned_a have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o determine_v they_o have_v all_o betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o common_a proverb_n frequent_o in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o polonian_n themselves_z polonia_n confusione_n regitur_fw-la yet_o such_o a_o confusion_n say_v coricinius_n which_o have_v preserve_v the_o virgin_n honour_n of_o the_o nation_n safe_a and_o undefiled_a in_o the_o midst_n of_o so_o many_o cruel_a and_o bloody_a war_n at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v no_o less_o confusion_n in_o the_o religion_n than_o government_n of_o poland_n ãâ¦ã_o ãâ¦ã_o in_o the_o year_n 965_o miecislaus_fw-la king_n of_o poland_n john_n the_o 13_o be_v then_o pope_n receive_v and_o entertain_v the_o christian_a faith_n according_a to_o the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n which_o though_o it_o be_v still_o the_o most_o profess_a and_o reign_a religion_n to_o this_o day_n yet_o have_v other_o religion_n and_o sect_n get_v no_o small_a foot_n in_o the_o realm_n for_o in_o the_o year_n 1264_o the_o jew_n flock_v into_o poland_n plant_v themselves_o whole_a colony_n together_o in_o this_o kingdom_n to_o who_o boleslaus_n duke_n of_o great_a poland_n grant_v several_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n which_o casimir_n the_o great_a at_o the_o suit_n of_o another_o jewish_a esther_n who_o be_v his_o mistress_n very_o much_o enlarge_v by_o which_o mean_v their_o number_n be_v now_o so_o increase_v over_o all_o the_o city_n and_o village_n of_o poland_n that_o be_v now_o call_v the_o jew_n paradise_n in_o the_o year_n 1397_o vitoldus_n grand_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n have_v overthrow_v the_o nagayan_a tartar_n translate_v whole_a herd_n of_o they_o into_o his_o own_o territory_n who_o to_o this_o day_n obstinate_o maintain_v the_o folly_n of_o mahomet_n much_o about_o the_o same_o time_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o vladislaus_n jagello_n the_o opinion_n of_o john_n huss_n break_v forth_o and_o by_o the_o pain_n of_o procopius_n holy_a brederick_n straznicz_n and_o william_n kotska_n prevail_v so_o far_o in_o poland_n even_o among_o the_o nobility_n that_o though_o several_a severe_a edict_n be_v make_v against_o they_o yet_o can_v they_o never_o be_v whole_o extirpate_v at_o length_n the_o lutheran_n and_o calvinist_n invade_v the_o roman-catholick_n religion_n with_o more_o danger_n to_o the_o papacy_n their_o party_n be_v increase_v by_o the_o student_n of_o cracow_n through_o the_o neglect_n of_o the_o magistrate_n in_o not_o revenge_v the_o murder_n of_o one_o of_o their_o collegiate_n for_o they_o thereupon_o disperse_v into_o bohemia_n and_o germany_n upon_o their_o return_n so_o large_o propagate_v the_o doctrine_n of_o luther_n that_o sigismond_n augustus_n himself_o the_o archbishop_z of_o gnesna_n with_o the_o bishop_n of_o culmo_fw-la and_o camieniek_v lean_v very_o much_o to_o their_o party_n among_o these_o the_o arrian_n intermix_v themselves_o and_o although_o so_o severe_o prosecute_v by_o john_n casimir_n and_o other_o that_o alexander_n the_o seven_o for_o their_o sake_n give_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n the_o title_n of_o orthodox_n yet_o they_o still_o shelter_v themselves_o under_o the_o name_n of_o dissenter_n as_o for_o the_o calvinist_n how_o far_o they_o have_v strengthen_v themselves_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o late_a disturbance_n in_o dantzick_n the_o russian_n though_o a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o in_o the_o year_n 1596_o join_v themselves_o to_o the_o roman_a church_n yet_o the_o more_o numerous_a party_n which_o go_v by_o the_o name_n of_o not-united_n still_o retain_v the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o greek_n under_o archbishop_n and_o priest_n of_o the_o same_o profession_n and_o their_o privilege_n be_v confirm_v by_o the_o agreement_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1658._o the_o armenian_n who_o be_v very_o numerous_a in_o poland_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o trade_n profess_v the_o roman_n catholic_n religion_n be_v wrought_v thereto_o by_o the_o zealous_a industry_n of_o john_n casimir_n late_o for_o the_o better_a support_n of_o the_o roman-catholick_n religion_n there_o be_v a_o article_n insert_v into_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la to_o which_o this_o present_a king_n swear_v that_o no_o person_n shall_v be_v elect_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n that_o be_v not_o of_o the_o roman_n catholic_n religion_n and_o that_o the_o queen_n shall_v be_v either_o a_o roman_n catholic_n bear_v or_o by_o conversion_n palatinatus_n posnaniensis_fw-la in_o maioti_n polonia_n primarii_fw-la nova_fw-la delinatio_fw-la per_fw-la g._n f._n m._n what_o have_v be_v hitherto_o say_v have_v relate_v to_o poland_n in_o general_a which_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o best_a modern_a geographer_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o the_o follow_a province_n 1._o the_o great_a poland_n which_o contain_v the_o palatinate_n of_o posnania_n calissia_n lancicia_n bresta_fw-mi inouladislavia_n sirad_n and_o rava_n and_o the_o territory_n of_o vielun_n and_o dobrin_n 2._o the_o lesser_a poland_n in_o which_o be_v contain_v the_o palatinate_n of_o cracow_n sendomir_n and_o lublin_n the_o dukedom_n of_o oswiec_n tabor_n and_o aever_n and_o the_o county_n of_o scepus_n 3._o lithuania_n which_o consist_v of_o three_o palatinate_n of_o vilna_n troco_n and_o brescia_n 4._o masovia_n to_o which_o belong_v the_o palatinate_n of_o masovia_n ploco_fw-la and_o podlachia_n 5._o prussia_n regius_fw-la which_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o palatinate_n of_o culmo_fw-la mariaeburg_n and_o pomerania_n and_o the_o bishopric_n of_o varma_n 6._o samogitia_n in_o which_o be_v no_o palatinate_n but_o the_o whole_a province_n be_v subject_a to_o one_o governor_n or_o captain_n 7._o white_a russia_n which_o border_n upon_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o moscovy_n and_o contain_v the_o palatinate_n of_o novogrod_n micislavia_n vitep_n poloco_fw-la smolensco_n czernichovia_n and_o kiovia_n of_o which_o at_o present_a a_o great_a part_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o moscovy_n 8._o red_a russia_n in_o which_o lie_v the_o palatine_n of_o russia_n podolia_n volhinia_n belze_n and_o braclavia_n last_o the_o southern_a tract_n of_o livonia_n be_v also_o reckon_v among_o the_o province_n of_o poland_n but_o of_o all_o these_o we_o shall_v treat_v more_o full_o in_o the_o follow_a order_n great_a poland_n the_o great_a poland_n contain_v the_o county_n of_o posnania_n and_o calissia_n poland_n great_a poland_n and_o the_o palatine_n of_o sirad_n rava_n vielun_n and_o cujavia_n which_o last_o be_v subdivide_v into_o the_o barony_n of_o breast_n and_o junuuladislavia_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o silesia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o the_o upper_a pomeren_n on_o the_o north_n with_o masovia_n and_o part_n of_o prussia_n on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o lesser_a poland_n it_o be_v general_o a_o level_a champain_n country_n abound_v with_o pleasant_a river_n lake_n and_o pond_n and_o well_o furnish_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o fish_n and_o fowl_n some_o part_n of_o cujavia_n indeed_o be_v more_o mountainous_a but_o what_o those_o want_n in_o pleasure_n they_o repay_v with_o profit_n the_o hill_n everywhere_o afford_v good_a store_n of_o wool_n and_o the_o valley_n plenty_n of_o corn._n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n be_v posnania_n call_v by_o the_o pole_n posnan_n posnania_n posnania_n by_o the_o german_n posen_n seat_v in_o 39_o degree_n of_o longitude_n and_o 52_o and_o about_o 10_o minute_n of_o latitude_n on_o the_o river_n warta_n the_o city_n be_v not_o large_a but_o well_o stock_v with_o merchant_n from_o all_o part_n of_o germany_n john_n lubranski_n former_o bishop_n of_o this_o place_n found_v here_o a_o gymnasium_n or_o petty-university_n in_o the_o suburb_n order_v the_o professor_n to_o be_v call_v from_o cracow_n where_o himself_o have_v be_v doctor_n of_o law_n though_o this_o structure_n have_v since_o that_o time_n be_v very_o much_o beautify_v by_o adam_n canar_n one_o of_o lubranski_n successor_n in_o the_o bishopric_n yet_o it_o be_v still_o outdo_v by_o the_o jesuit_n college_n and_o monastery_n in_o posen_n the_o people_n here_o be_v civil_a and_o gentile_a orderly_a and_o clean_o in_o their_o house_n and_o go_v more_o rich_a in_o apparel_n then_o be_v ordinary_a in_o any_o other_o place_n in_o poland_n cracow_n only_o except_v with_o which_o notwithstanding_o posen_n may_v vie_v for_o beauty_n trade_n and_o riches_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v roman-catholic_n however_o there_o be_v many_o large_a swarm_n of_o jew_n who_o live_v among_o they_o and_o enjoy_v more_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n than_o the_o citizen_n themselves_o
october_n they_o have_v a_o general_a rendezvous_n of_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n who_o bring_v with_o they_o to_o the_o place_n appoint_v loaf_n of_o bread_n and_o vessel_n full_a of_o beer_n these_o they_o set_v on_o a_o table_n spread_v with_o hay_n that_o do_v they_o bring_v out_o a_o young_a heifer_n a_o boar_n and_o a_o sow_n a_o cock_n and_o hen_n with_o other_o such_o cattle_n and_o poultry_n as_o the_o house_n afford_v in_o pair_n male_a and_o female_a when_o thing_n be_v thus_o in_o readiness_n out_o come_v a_o old_a priest_n or_o wizard_n who_o mumble_v over_o a_o few_o hard_a word_n give_v the_o sacrifice_n a_o blow_n with_o a_o stick_n which_o stroke_n be_v second_v by_o the_o whole_a company_n till_o the_o heifer_n be_v dead_a and_o beat_v to_o piece_n whilst_o this_o ceremony_n last_v they_o cry_v this_o oblation_n of_o thanksgiving_n we_o make_v thou_o o_o ziemiennik_n so_o they_o call_v the_o feign_a god_n for_o that_o it_o have_v please_v thou_o to_o preserve_v we_o from_o all_o the_o evil_n of_o the_o year_n past_a and_o we_o beseech_v thou_o to_o protect_v and_o defend_v we_o for_o the_o future_a from_o fire_n sword_z pestilence_n and_o all_o our_o enemy_n after_o this_o they_o take_v a_o little_a of_o every_o dish_n they_o have_v provide_v and_o put_v it_o in_o four_o corner_n of_o the_o house_n and_o in_o the_o ground_n cry_v aloud_o accept_v o_o ziemiennik_n our_o offering_n eat_v with_o we_o and_o be_v merry_a the_o solemnity_n thus_o over_o they_o spend_v the_o rest_n of_o that_o day_n in_o feast_v and_o drunkenness_n there_o be_v no_o city_n or_o great_a town_n in_o samogitia_n of_o any_o consequence_n mzdniki_n be_v a_o poor_a and_o despicable_a city_n all_o the_o rest_n scarce_o merit_v the_o name_n of_o village_n lithvania_n and_o this_o province_n have_v all_o along_o be_v sharer_n in_o the_o same_o fortune_n and_o change_n they_o be_v both_o at_o once_o subject_a to_o the_o russian_n at_o once_o overrun_v by_o the_o teutonic_n order_n and_o at_o once_o convert_v from_o idolatry_n and_o subject_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n livonia_n livonia_n or_o liefland_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o russia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o finland-bay_n on_o the_o south_n with_o samogitia_n and_o some_o part_n of_o lithvania_n the_o length_n of_o it_o be_v about_o 500_o english_a mile_n and_o the_o breadth_n near_o 160._o the_o country_n be_v general_o plain_a and_o fruitful_a abound_v with_o corn_n and_o honey_n some_o part_n of_o it_o be_v fenny_a full_a of_o lake_n and_o river_n the_o many_o conquest_n this_o land_n have_v suffer_v have_v make_v its_o inhabitant_n a_o medley_n of_o moscovite_n swede_n dane_n polander_n and_o german_n but_o the_o last_o have_v the_o great_a share_n in_o the_o country_n whence_o the_o generality_n speak_v high-dutch_a the_o common_a people_n be_v use_v as_o hardly_o here_o as_o in_o poland_n or_o lithvania_n and_o the_o nobility_n lord_n it_o as_o much_o drunkenness_n and_o gluttony_n be_v vice_n the_o lieflander_n be_v general_o addict_v to_o from_o the_o great_a lord_n to_o the_o mean_a peasant_n the_o boar_n will_v be_v hard_o put_v to_o it_o to_o get_v a_o live_n consider_v the_o untolerable_a drudgery_n they_o undergo_v if_o they_o have_v not_o the_o privilege_n of_o hunt_a hare_n of_o which_o they_o have_v great_a plenty_n in_o these_o part_n white_a in_o winter_n and_o brown_a in_o summer_n fox_n bear_n and_o other_o kind_n of_o venison_n it_o be_v agree_v upon_o by_o all_o author_n that_o liefland_n be_v first_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n by_o sigismond_n augustus_n though_o the_o story_n be_v tell_v different_a way_n kojalowicz_n tell_v we_o that_o william_n furstenburg_n master_n of_o the_o liefland_n order_n of_o knighthood_n upon_o his_o turn_n lutheran_n have_v frequent_a quarrel_n with_o william_n archbishop_n of_o riga_n who_o he_o accuse_v at_o a_o session_n of_o the_o nobility_n at_o winden_n of_o a_o conspiracy_n of_o betray_v curland_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o albert_n duke_n of_o prussia_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o liefland_n to_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n his_o kinsman_n upon_o this_o pretence_n he_o immediate_o enter_v the_o archbishops_n territory_n with_o a_o army_n and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n king_n sigismond_n hear_v this_o wage_n war_n with_o liefland_n and_o a.d._n 1557_o conquer_v it_o but_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o war_n seem_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o better_a pretension_n than_o these_o for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o there_o arise_v many_o skirmish_n between_o the_o archbishop_n and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o order_n touch_v point_n of_o religion_n yet_o during_o furstenburg_n government_n ivan_n duke_n of_o moscovy_n and_o not_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n overrun_v and_o lay_v waste_v the_o great_a part_n of_o liefland_n against_o who_o gothard_n ketler_n furstenburg_n successor_n request_v the_o aid_n of_o king_n sigismond_n who_o quick_o beat_v the_o moscovian_a out_o of_o his_o hold_n and_o create_v gothard_n duke_n of_o curland_n annex_v the_o rest_n of_o liefland_n to_o his_o own_o dominion_n but_o he_o find_v this_o country_n be_v easy_o conquer_v than_o keep_v for_o the_o revalians_n find_v themselves_o unable_a to_o withstand_v the_o daily_a incursion_n of_o the_o moscovian_o commit_v their_o land_n to_o the_o protection_n of_o eric_n king_n of_o sweden_n whereupon_o this_o king_n think_v his_o title_n to_o liefland_n be_v as_o good_a as_o the_o polander_n especial_o since_o ferdinand_n the_o emperor_n have_v give_v he_o the_o sole_a charge_n of_o defend_v it_o upon_o these_o pretension_n he_o present_o rout_v the_o pole_n out_o of_o habsal_n lehale_n parnow_n and_o other_o place_n and_o put_v into_o they_o garrison_n of_o his_o own_o beside_o the_o polish_v interest_n receive_v at_o the_o same_o time_n another_o fatal_a blow_n upon_o this_o occasion_n john_n duke_n of_o finland_n marry_v katherine_n sister_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o who_o he_o lend_v 80000_o some_o say_v 124000_o dollar_n upon_o a_o mortgage_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o wittenstein_n karchise_v frichate_n helmult_n ermise_n ruja_n and_o bortwic_n all_o in_o liefland_n return_v into_o sweden_n he_o be_v accuse_v by_o king_n eric_n his_o brother_n of_o high_a treason_n in_o offer_v to_o make_v a_o confederacy_n as_o he_o call_v it_o with_o sigismond_n augustus_n king_n of_o poland_n without_o his_o consent_n in_o this_o rage_n the_o king_n rob_v his_o brother_n of_o all_o the_o castle_n and_o take_v they_o into_o his_o own_o hand_n not_o without_o the_o pretence_n of_o be_v more_o able_a to_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o moscovite_n not_o long_o after_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o eric_n king_n of_o sweden_n and_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n the_o duke_n of_o moscovy_n with_o irresistible_a force_n create_v the_o great_a duke_n of_o holstein_n king_n of_o liefland_n when_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o poland_n perceive_v matter_n bring_v to_o this_o pass_n they_o think_v it_o high_a time_n to_o lay_v aside_o all_o petit_fw-fr animosity_n between_o their_o two_o kingdom_n and_o to_o join_v force_n against_o their_o common_a enemy_n the_o moscovite_n fear_v lest_o otherwise_o whilst_o they_o two_o stand_v quarrel_v for_o each_o a_o shell_n he_o shall_v snatch_v away_o the_o fish_n and_o indeed_o this_o confederacy_n prove_v very_o successful_a to_o the_o swede_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1580_o retake_v many_o strong_a hold_v from_o the_o moscovite_n as_o lode_n lehale_n habsal_n narwe_v the_o province_n of_o wicki_n wittenstein_n carelogrod_n etc._n etc._n steven_n king_n of_o poland_n fear_v lest_o if_o the_o swede_n go_v on_o with_o the_o same_o success_n and_o vigour_n he_o begin_v with_o he_o will_v bring_v all_o liefland_n to_o his_o own_o beck_n clap_v up_o a_o peace_n with_o the_o moscovite_n unknown_a to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o the_o moscovite_n shall_v restore_v all_o the_o place_n he_o have_v take_v in_o lithvania_n that_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n king_n stephen_n shall_v restore_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o moscovy_n vielikoluk_n and_o some_o other_o fort_n he_o have_v take_v in_o these_o war_n after_o this_o when_o sigismond_n son_n of_o john_n the_o three_o king_n of_o sweden_n be_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o stephen_n elect_a king_n of_o poland_n the_o pole_n admit_v he_o upon_o this_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v annex_v all_o that_o part_n of_o liefland_n which_o be_v under_o his_o government_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n but_o sigismond_n the_o three_o come_v to_o he_o crown_n of_o sweden_n can_v not_o by_o any_o mean_n be_v persuade_v to_o grant_v this_o request_n when_o he_o be_v depose_v from_o his_o kingdom_n there_o arise_v bloody_a war_n between_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n
way_n beyond_o the_o nieper_n or_o boristhenes_n take_v within_o its_o precinct_n the_o territory_n of_o kiow_n and_o braclaw_n which_o go_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o the_o vkrain_n speak_v of_o before_o yet_o since_o the_o treaty_n ratify_v between_o the_o grand_a signior_n and_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1677_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o the_o cosack_n be_v deliver_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o turk_n and_o the_o hither_o volhinia_n be_v at_o this_o day_n the_o outmost_a bound_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n walachia_n too_o and_o moldavia_n be_v by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n but_o soon_o after_o his_o death_n his_o son_n casimir_n lose_v they_o both_o back_n again_o to_o the_o turk_n for_o when_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o continual_a trouble_n he_o have_v in_o defend_v prussia_n against_o the_o teutonic_n order_n he_o can_v not_o possible_o succour_v those_o part_n the_o palatine_a of_o walachia_n strike_v up_o a_o peace_n with_o mahomet_n upon_o condition_n of_o pay_v a_o yearly_a tribute_n of_o 2000_o crown_n since_o that_o time_n the_o palatine_n of_o walachia_n have_v sometime_o swear_v fealty_n to_o the_o turk_n sometime_o to_o the_o polander_n but_o keep_v their_o word_n with_o neither_o several_a of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v be_v in_o a_o condition_n of_o repossess_v themselves_o of_o these_o part_n but_o fear_v to_o engage_v in_o a_o war_n with_o so_o potent_a a_o enemy_n as_o the_o grand_a signior_n for_o so_o mean_v a_o stake_n they_o have_v rather_o choose_v to_o resign_v they_o quiet_o and_o suffer_v he_o still_o to_o enjoy_v they_o upon_o condition_n that_o the_o turk_n shall_v constitute_v no_o vicegerent_n in_o these_o their_o neighbour_a province_n but_o such_o as_o be_v lineal_o descend_v from_o the_o duke_n of_o moldavia_n and_o consequent_o of_o a_o polish_v stock_n nor_o shall_v demand_v any_o arbitrary_a but_o a_o certain_a fix_a and_o determine_v tribute_n but_o these_o privilege_n the_o pole_n have_v now_o lose_v insomuch_o that_o the_o turk_n be_v grow_v absolute_a lord_n of_o the_o country_n and_o govern_v it_o by_o who_o and_o how_o he_o please_v but_o these_o two_o country_n can_v not_o satisfy_v the_o the_o great_a turk_n who_o find_v a_o occasion_n to_o pick_v a_o quarrel_n with_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o he_o know_v himself_o able_a to_o conquer_v wherefore_o in_o the_o year_n 1672_o advance_v further_o into_o this_o king_n dominion_n with_o a_o vast_a army_n he_o take_v camienec_n the_o best_a fortress_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o have_v march_v further_o into_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o the_o nation_n have_v he_o not_o be_v stop_v with_o proposal_n of_o peace_n from_o king_n michael_n upon_o these_o term_n that_o the_o polander_n shall_v quit_v all_o title_n to_o podolia_n and_o resign_v it_o whole_o to_o the_o turk_n that_o with_o podolia_n they_o shall_v also_o surrender_v all_o pretension_n to_o the_o vkrain_n that_o they_o shall_v pay_v yearly_a to_o the_o grand_a signior_n a_o tribute_n of_o 22000_o ducat_n etc._n etc._n these_o condition_n propose_v and_o ratify_v by_o the_o king_n alone_o without_o the_o approbation_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v look_v upon_o by_o the_o whole_a nation_n as_o too_o dishonourable_a to_o be_v observe_v wherefore_o it_o be_v resolve_v they_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o the_o outmost_a to_o recover_v brave_o what_o their_o king_n have_v so_o cowardly_o part_v with_o according_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o year_n 1673_o they_o proclaim_v war_n against_o the_o turk_n which_o be_v carry_v on_o with_o good_a success_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o john_n sobieski_n the_o present_a king_n of_o poland_n their_o then_o valorous_a general_n who_o on_o the_o 11_o of_o november_n discomfit_v the_o turkish_a army_n and_o retake_v the_o castle_n of_o chotim_n after_o many_o more_o bloody_a engagement_n in_o a_o war_n of_o several_a year_n continuance_n the_o peace_n be_v at_o last_o conclude_v in_o november_n 1676_o upon_o these_o and_o some_o other_o condition_n that_o the_o lipec-tartar_n shall_v be_v permit_v to_o remove_v their_o good_n and_o family_n into_o podolia_n and_o there_o live_v subject_a to_o the_o turk_n that_o the_o vkrain_n shall_v remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o grand_a signior_n that_o polish_v garrison_n shall_v be_v put_v into_o niemierow_n and_o kallik_a and_o the_o bassaw_n of_o camieniec_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v there_o till_o matter_n be_v adjust_v at_o the_o convention_n of_o ambassador_n at_o porte_fw-fr that_o pawolocz_n and_o bialocerkiew_n shall_v remain_v entire_a in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o polander_n that_o the_o resignation_n of_o podolia_n shall_v be_v debate_v by_o the_o ambassador_n at_o porte_fw-fr that_o in_o all_o place_n take_v by_o the_o turk_n the_o christian_n shall_v enjoy_v the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n etc._n etc._n these_o article_n be_v read_v and_o ratify_v in_o the_o parliament_n of_o poland_n the_o 22_o day_n of_o february_n a.d._n 1677._o since_o which_o time_n the_o great_a turk_n have_v not_o answer_v the_o expectation_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n in_o resign_v the_o country_n he_o have_v take_v podolia_n be_v doubtless_o worth_a seek_v after_o and_o too_o good_a to_o be_v part_v with_o upon_o slight_a term_n by_o those_o who_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o by_o a_o fair_a conquest_n be_v able_a to_o keep_v their_o hold_n if_o what_o maginus_fw-la report_v of_o it_o be_v true_a that_o it_o be_v so_o fruitful_a that_o in_o one_o night_n the_o grass_n will_v hide_v a_o rod_n and_o in_o a_o few_o day_n a_o plough_n volhinia_n be_v as_o well_o worth_a defend_n as_o podolia_n regain_n be_v a_o fruitful_a and_o plenteous_a country_n exceed_o well_o stock_v with_o corn_n sheep_n timber_n fish_n honey_n etc._n etc._n place_n of_o great_a note_n in_o it_o be_v 1._o luceoria_n or_o lusuc_n a_o bishop_n see_v first_o found_v by_o ludowic_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o hungary_n about_o the_o year_n 1374._o 2._o olyka_n a_o seat_n of_o some_o of_o the_o lithvanian_a duke_n among_o who_o john_n former_o duke_n of_o this_o place_n and_o nieswiesc_n with_o his_o brother_n nicolas_n radziwil_n marshal_n of_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n be_v make_v a_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o germany_n in_o the_o diet_n at_o augspurg_n a.d._n 1547._o 3._o ostrog_n once_o the_o seat_n of_o duke_n to_o who_o a_o great_a part_n of_o this_o country_n be_v immediate_o subject_a but_o that_o line_n be_v of_o late_o utter_o extinct_a the_o lesser_a poland_n the_o lesser_a poland_n lie_v on_o the_o south_n of_o the_o great_a from_o some_o part_n of_o which_o it_o be_v separate_v by_o the_o warta_n from_o other_o by_o the_o pilcza_n it_o be_v divide_v in_o the_o middle_n by_o the_o vistula_n upon_o which_o be_v seat_v most_o of_o its_o great_a town_n and_o contain_v in_o it_o three_o palatinate_n of_o cracow_n sendomir_n and_o lublin_n this_o province_n as_o all_o poland_n have_v former_o be_v be_v very_o woody_a ãâã_d ãâã_d of_o ãâã_d which_o heretofore_o occasion_v so_o many_o barbarous_a robbery_n as_o be_v usual_o commit_v under_o the_o shelter_n of_o their_o forest_n insomuch_o that_o in_o the_o year_n 1450_o casimir_n call_v a_o assembly_n of_o the_o noble_n of_o the_o lesser_a poland_n only_o to_o consult_v of_o some_o mean_n to_o suppress_v the_o intolerable_a thievery_n practise_v among_o the_o generality_n of_o they_o the_o nobility_n not_o except_v but_o because_o many_o of_o the_o grandee_n of_o poland_n be_v not_o at_o that_o time_n satisfy_v with_o this_o king_n title_n to_o the_o crown_n nothing_o can_v be_v effectual_o enact_v by_o his_o authority_n so_o that_o for_o a_o long_a time_n rapine_n and_o murder_n be_v increase_v rather_o then_o diminish_v for_o by_o these_o delay_n of_o justice_n the_o robber_n be_v come_v to_o that_o strength_n at_o last_o that_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o two_o nobleman_n cauca_n sweborowski_n and_o john_n his_o brother_n they_o have_v fortify_v the_o mountain_n zebrace_n near_o oswenskim_n and_o several_a other_o place_n whither_o such_o army_n of_o ruffian_n continual_o flock_v as_o can_v not_o afterward_o be_v suppress_v without_o a_o deal_n of_o bloodshed_n and_o hazard_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n cracow_n the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o province_n and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o poland_n be_v seat_v on_o a_o rocky_a bank_n of_o the_o vistula_n it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o one_o cracus_n gracus_fw-la or_o gracchus_n who_o the_o polander_n so_o they_o themselves_o say_v though_o the_o bohemian_a writer_n will_v needs_o make_v he_o one_o of_o their_o prince_n set_v over_o they_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o grow_v weary_a of_o the_o twelve_o palatine_n who_o take_v the_o government_n into_o their_o hand_n upon_o the_o death_n
of_o lechus_n the_o first_o other_o think_v it_o the_o same_o with_o ptolomey_n carodunum_fw-la corrupt_v into_o cracow_n this_o city_n as_o it_o be_v the_o large_a so_o it_o be_v the_o best_a build_v of_o any_o one_o in_o poland_n cromer_n set_v it_o in_o competition_n with_o the_o best_a build_v city_n of_o germany_n or_o italy_n but_o we_o must_v allow_v he_o to_o stretch_v a_o little_a more_o than_o ordinary_a in_o commendation_n of_o his_o own_o country_n the_o house_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o freestone_n and_o four_o or_o five_o story_n high_a but_o cover_v with_o board_n instead_o of_o slat_n there_o be_v in_o it_o a_o considerable_a company_n of_o italian_a and_o german_a merchant_n who_o bring_v in_o such_o foreign_a ware_n as_o the_o country_n stand_v in_o need_n of_o it_o consist_v like_a london_n and_o paris_n of_o three_o part_n 1._o cracow_n proper_o so_o call_v or_o the_o ancient_a city_n 2._o cazimiria_n join_v to_o the_o rest_n by_o a_o wooden_a bridge_n across_o the_o vistula_n 3._o stradomia_fw-la which_o lie_v between_o cracow_n and_o the_o bridge_n the_o king_n palace_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n whence_o it_o overlook_v both_o city_n and_o country_n it_o be_v rebuilt_a in_o the_o magnificent_a posture_n it_o now_o stand_v by_o sigismond_n the_o elder_a who_o add_v the_o gallery_n on_o the_o north_n side_n from_o whence_o you_o have_v one_o of_o the_o best_a prospect_n in_o europe_n the_o university_n of_o cracow_n be_v first_o begin_v by_o casimir_n the_o great_a finish_v by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n in_o performance_n of_o the_o last_o will_v and_o testament_n of_o his_o queen_n hedwig_n and_o have_v its_o privilege_n confirm_v to_o it_o by_o pope_n vrban_n in_o the_o year_n 1549_o the_o scholar_n of_o cracow_n by_o a_o general_a consent_n leave_v the_o university_n upon_o a_o affront_n put_v on_o they_o by_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o city_n who_o refuse_v to_o execute_v justice_n upon_o the_o servant_n of_o andrew_n czarnkowski_n when_o in_o a_o quarrel_n they_o have_v slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o student_n and_o disperse_v themselves_o into_o several_a part_n of_o germany_n whence_o return_v lutheran_n they_o spread_v the_o reform_a opinion_n all_o poland_n over_o and_o get_v great_a number_n of_o proselyte_n upon_o the_o first_o plant_n of_o christianity_n in_o this_o kingdom_n miecislaus_fw-la the_o first_o who_o begin_v his_o reign_n in_o the_o year_n 964_o cracow_n be_v make_v a_o archbishopric_n but_o within_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o lampert_n zula_n refuse_v to_o receive_v his_o pall_n from_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n as_o his_o predecessor_n have_v do_v before_o he_o it_o degenerate_v into_o a_o bishopric_n afterward_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o boleslaus_n the_o chaste_a which_o begin_v a.d._n 1226_o asleep_o contest_v arise_v between_o jvo_n bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o vratislaw_n about_o precedency_n the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n upon_o his_o submissive_a appeal_n to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n be_v again_o restore_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o archbishop_n which_o only_o last_v during_o his_o life_n at_o this_o day_n the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n wear_v a_o archbishops_n pall_n set_v rich_o with_o jewel_n which_o be_v the_o only_a relic_n they_o have_v of_o their_o ancient_a honour_n the_o next_o palatinate_n of_o the_o lesser_a poland_n sendomir_n sendomir_n be_v that_o of_o sendomir_n the_o city_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o vistula_n and_o fortify_v with_o wall_n and_o a_o castle_n both_o build_v by_o casimir_n the_o great_a who_o afterward_o die_v of_o a_o surfeit_n by_o eat_v too_o free_o of_o the_o fruit_n of_o this_o country_n which_o be_v reckon_v the_o fair_a and_o best_a in_o poland_n here_o be_v nothing_o else_o worth_a the_o take_a notice_n of_o save_o the_o monastery_n of_o dominican_n friar_n found_v by_o jvo_n archbishop_n of_o cracow_n the_o palatinate_n of_o lublin_n be_v take_v out_o of_o that_o of_o sendomir_n as_o be_v too_o big_a for_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o one_o palatine_a by_o casimir_n jagellonides_n lublin_n lublin_n the_o city_n be_v not_o very_o large_a but_o well_o build_v and_o much_o frequent_v especial_o in_o the_o fair_n keep_v three_o time_n a_o year_n by_o christian_n jewish_a and_o turkish_a merchant_n it_o be_v much_o better_a fortifve_v by_o the_o marsh_n which_o environ_v it_o than_o its_o wall_n and_o more_o beholden_a to_o nature_n for_o its_o defence_n then_o either_o casimir_n the_o great_a who_o wall_v it_o round_o or_o the_o russian_n who_o build_v the_o adjoin_a castle_n the_o great_a church_n in_o it_o be_v build_v by_o lescus_n the_o black_a upon_o a_o great_a conquest_n obtain_v against_o the_o lithvanians_n near_o this_o city_n and_o dedicate_v to_o st._n michael_n who_o in_o a_o vision_n the_o night_n before_o the_o battle_n have_v promise_v he_o good_a success_n st._n bridget_n monastery_n among_o many_o other_o magnificent_a one_o be_v found_v by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n one_o of_o the_o two_o chief_a court_n of_o judicature_n from_o which_o no_o appeal_n lie_v save_v to_o the_o parliament_n of_o poland_n be_v keep_v at_o lublin_n hither_o for_o judgement_n in_o controversy_n of_o any_o great_a moment_n repair_v the_o palatinate_v of_o cracow_n sendomir_n russia_n podolia_n lublin_n belze_n podlassia_n volhinia_n braclaw_n kiow_n and_o czernichow_n or_o at_o least_o so_o many_o of_o they_o as_o be_v still_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n of_o other_o country_n and_o province_n to_o which_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v former_o pretend_v a_o title_n by_o conquest_n contract_n or_o otherwise_o beside_o the_o place_n mention_v and_o at_o present_a subject_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n the_o king_n of_o that_o nation_n have_v from_o time_n to_o time_n lay_v claim_n to_o many_o and_o large_a territory_n now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o other_o prince_n omit_v bohemia_n moravia_n wagria_n misnia_n and_o the_o dukedom_n of_o rugen_n mecklenburg_n and_o lunenburg_n which_o whatever_o some_o of_o the_o polish_v writer_n assert_v and_o endeavour_v to_o make_v good_a be_v very_o little_a or_o not_o at_o all_o subject_n to_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n who_o be_v the_o only_a king_n that_o ever_o can_v plausible_o pretend_v a_o title_n to_o any_o part_n of_o they_o we_o shall_v confine_v our_o discourse_n to_o those_o country_n to_o which_o the_o polonian_a prince_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v have_v a_o more_o just_a and_o legal_a title_n that_o all_o or_o most_o of_o silesia_n be_v part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o poland_n silesia_n silesia_n in_o the_o day_n of_o lechus_n the_o first_o and_o several_a of_o his_o successor_n be_v high_o probable_a from_o the_o writing_n of_o adam_n bremensis_n and_o helmoldus_n who_o both_o of_o they_o make_v the_o river_n other_o the_o bound_n of_o poland_n beside_o the_o german_a chronologer_n tell_v we_o that_o charles_n the_o great_a ludovicus_n pius_n and_o other_o emperor_n conquer_v the_o silesian_n and_o make_v they_o tributary_n to_o the_o empire_n but_o the_o polish_v historian_n upon_o what_o ground_n i_o know_v not_o be_v general_o positive_a in_o assert_v that_o silesia_n be_v always_o without_o any_o such_o intermission_n or_o conquest_n as_o the_o german_n strive_v to_o make_v out_o a_o part_n of_o the_o polish_v dominion_n only_o vincentius_n kadlubko_n agree_v with_o the_o german_n affirm_v that_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n among_o his_o many_o other_o conquest_n regain_v selucia_n as_o he_o call_v it_o and_o leave_v it_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n after_o his_o time_n we_o find_v that_o casimir_n the_o first_o translate_v the_o bishopric_n of_o bicine_n to_o vratislaw_n whence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o his_o day_n silesia_n be_v part_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o poland_n not_o long_o after_o henry_n the_o iv_o emperor_n of_o germany_n in_o the_o diet_n at_o munster_n a.d._n 1086_o make_v over_o silesia_n lusatia_n and_o indeed_o all_o poland_n to_o vratislaus_n king_n of_o bohemia_n though_o as_o cromer_n say_v he_o have_v no_o right_n to_o a_o foot_n of_o land_n in_o any_o of_o they_o whereupon_o ensue_v a_o bloody_a war_n betwixt_o the_o bohemian_o and_o pole_n wherein_o it_o be_v to_o be_v conjecture_v the_o latter_a have_v the_o better_a since_o all_o historian_n agree_v that_o silesia_n be_v under_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n government_n during_o the_o whole_a reign_n of_o boleslaus_n the_o three_o his_o son_n vladislaus_n the_o second_o be_v depose_v by_o his_o brethren_n who_o be_v leave_v coheir_n with_o he_o in_o the_o kingdom_n flee_v first_o to_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n the_o first_o who_o bring_v boleslaus_n crispus_n duke_n of_o poland_n and_o brother_n to_o vladislaus_n to_o such_o strait_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o resign_v all_o silesia_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o brother_n child_n but_o upon_o condition_n they_o shall_v
still_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n from_o that_o time_n the_o polander_n begin_v to_o sleight_n and_o hate_v the_o silesian_n seldom_o call_v any_o of_o the_o silesian_n nobility_n to_o council_n of_o parliament_n and_o balk_v the_o right_a succession_n if_o any_o of_o this_o province_n have_v a_o just_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n these_o jealousy_n and_o quarrel_n be_v foment_v and_o increase_v by_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n son_n to_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o seven_o who_o by_o this_o mean_v whedle_v the_o duke_n of_o silesia_n into_o his_o yoke_n and_o afterward_o force_v casimir_n the_o great_a to_o resign_v the_o supreme_a government_n of_o that_o province_n into_o his_o hand_n after_o this_o the_o pole_n though_o they_o have_v frequent_a skirmish_n with_o the_o bohemian_o yet_o never_o regain_v any_o considerable_a foot_n in_o silesia_n for_o except_v the_o small_a territory_n of_o wschovia_n retake_v by_o casimir_n the_o great_a a.d._n 1343_o and_o some_o other_o parcel_n of_o ground_n annex_v to_o the_o estate_n of_o several_a bishopric_n and_o abbey_n in_o poland_n silesia_n be_v at_o present_a whole_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n lusatia_n be_v once_o conquer_v by_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n but_o soon_o after_o lose_v again_o lusââââ_n lusââââ_n for_o though_o when_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n subdue_v silesia_n lusatia_n be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o that_o country_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o so_o continue_v yet_o the_o polander_n claim_v no_o more_o of_o it_o as_o lord_n of_o silesia_n than_o a_o few_o frontier_n town_n the_o rest_n be_v under_o the_o marquess_n of_o misnia_n and_o lusatia_n prince_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o goldastus_n prove_v it_o be_v without_o all_o authority_n of_o annal_n what_o some_o of_o the_o polish_v writer_n have_v endeavour_v to_o make_v out_o by_o etymology_n maâââ_n neâ_n maâââ_n that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n that_o new_a marck_n indeed_o or_o at_o least_o a_o good_a share_n of_o it_o be_v they_o be_v beyond_o all_o controversy_n since_o as_o the_o best_a historian_n witness_v miecislaus_fw-la or_o miscio_n the_o first_o christian_a duke_n of_o poland_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o ten_o century_n first_o found_v the_o bishopric_n of_o lubuss_n this_o city_n be_v take_v from_o the_o polander_n by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o second_o but_o recover_v by_o boleslaus_n the_o first_o king_n of_o poland_n his_o successor_n keep_v it_o till_o the_o year_n 1109_o when_o it_o be_v again_o take_v by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n v_n who_o give_v it_o to_o adelgot_v archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n but_o soon_o after_o it_o return_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o pole_n when_o silesia_n be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v divide_v among_o the_o son_n of_o vladislaus_n the_o second_o the_o territory_n of_o lubuss_n devolve_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o silesian_n duke_n whence_o it_o happen_v within_o a_o short_a while_n after_o to_o be_v make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n cromer_n say_v it_o be_v mortgage_v by_o boleslaus_n the_o bald_a and_o never_o redeem_v but_o dlugossus_n ad_fw-la ann_n 1198._o tell_v we_o it_o be_v sell_v by_o boleslaus_n son_n to_o henry_n duke_n of_o vratislavia_n from_o that_o time_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v have_v very_o little_a to_o do_v in_o new_a marck_n and_o at_o present_a have_v not_o one_o foot_n of_o land_n in_o it_o vladislaus_n jagello_n bring_v it_o whole_o under_o his_o power_n but_o his_o son_n find_v it_o too_o hot_a service_n for_o he_o to_o keep_v it_o and_o be_v therefore_o fain_o to_o resign_v it_o up_o to_o the_o marquis_n john_n casimir_n their_o late_a king_n part_v with_o the_o last_o stake_n by_o deliver_v up_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o drahim_n to_o the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n in_o the_o treaty_n at_o bydgost_n in_o the_o year_n 1657._o that_o the_o slavonian_n be_v ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o pomeren_n be_v undeniable_o true_a â¦_o pom_n â¦_o pomorska_n in_o the_o slavonian_a language_n signify_v near_o the_o sea_n whence_o vincentius_n kadlubko_n a_o ancient_a and_o judicious_a polish_v writer_n use_v frequent_o the_o word_n maritima_n for_o pomeren_n and_o speak_v of_o this_o country_n these_o phrase_n be_v ordinary_a with_o he_o maritimae_n praeses_fw-la maritimae_n dux_n ingressus_fw-la est_fw-la maritimam_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o whether_o or_o no_o the_o polander_n be_v master_n of_o pomeren_n immediate_o upon_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o slavoniaus_n be_v a_o grand_a question_n which_o the_o pole_n affirm_v but_o the_o pomeranian_o deny_v and_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n between_o they_o helmoldus_n agree_v as_o it_o shall_v seem_v with_o the_o latter_a place_n pomeren_n among_o the_o free_a slavonian_a province_n lie_v without_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o polish_v dominion_n and_o before_o his_o day_n adam_n bremensis_n give_v we_o the_o same_o account_n micraelius_n a_o historian_n of_o good_a credit_n lib._n 2._o chron._n pomer_n num_fw-la 46._o p._n 191._o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o first_o entrance_n which_o the_o polander_n make_v upon_o pomeren_n be_v in_o the_o ten_o century_n when_o the_o emperor_n otto_n iii_o authorize_v boleslaus_n chrobri_n king_n of_o poland_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o and_o bring_v into_o his_o subjection_n the_o prussian_n pomeranians_n wendi_n and_o russian_n which_o do_v the_o emperor_n at_o a_o visit_n give_v king_n boleslaus_n make_v the_o bishop_n of_o colberg_n a_o suffragan_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o eleven_o century_n miecislaus_fw-la ii_o spread_v his_o dominion_n all_o over_o casubia_n and_o the_o eastern_a pomeren_n put_v garrison_n into_o all_o the_o fort_n and_o castle_n between_o the_o persandt_n and_o the_o vistula_n and_o commit_v the_o government_n of_o they_o to_o bela_n the_o king_n of_o hungary_n brother_n but_o upon_o bela_n return_n into_o hungary_n pomeren_n shake_v off_o the_o polish_v yoke_n and_o only_o be_v subject_n to_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o till_o svantibor_n surrender_v it_o again_o to_o boleslaus_n iii_o duke_n of_o poland_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v free_v he_o from_o prison_n to_o which_o his_o own_o subject_n have_v commit_v he_o after_o svantibors_n death_n the_o dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n be_v divide_v among_o his_o four_o son_n whereof_o two_o who_o be_v duke_n of_o the_o western_a pomeren_n from_o colberg_n as_o far_o as_o the_o marck_n and_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburgh_n be_v admit_v prince_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o frederick_n barbarossa_n the_o other_o two_o be_v force_v to_o yield_v themselves_o subject_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n but_o the_o pomeranian_o soon_o weary_a of_o bondage_n revolt_v once_o more_o from_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o perhaps_o have_v for_o ever_o reject_v his_o government_n have_v not_o mestwin_n their_o duke_n want_v issue_n endeavour_v to_o subject_v they_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o west_n pomeren_n for_o look_v upon_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n as_o mere_a stranger_n be_v indeed_o three_o part_n of_o they_o german_n they_o choose_v rather_o to_o give_v themselves_o up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o their_o acquaintance_n then_o to_o be_v slave_n to_o a_o upstart_n and_o foreign_a nation_n whereupon_o they_o unanimous_o swear_v fealty_n to_o praemislaus_fw-la ii_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n and_o quarter_v his_o coat_n with_o the_o arm_n of_o pomeren_n the_o gryphin_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n become_v sole_a lord_n of_o the_o eastern_a pomeren_n in_o the_o year_n 1460_o casimir_n jagellonides_n straighten_a in_o the_o war_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o against_o the_o teutonick_n order_n in_o prussia_n commit_v the_o city_n and_o castle_n of_o lavenburgh_n and_o bouta_n to_o the_o trust_n of_o eric_n ii_o duke_n of_o west_n pomeren_n who_o successor_n george_n son_n of_o bugislaus_fw-la x._o and_o nephew_n to_o sigismond_n i._o king_n of_o poland_n have_v these_o city_n confirm_v to_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n upon_o condition_n of_o pay_v some_o sleight_n acknowledgement_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n upon_o these_o term_n the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n renew_v his_o title_n to_o these_o place_n after_o the_o usual_a fashion_n by_o his_o ambassador_n in_o the_o year_n 1670._o what_o right_a the_o polander_n have_v at_o this_o day_n in_o prussia_n we_o have_v show_v before_o but_o former_o their_o pretension_n be_v much_o great_a than_o now_o sometime_o the_o duke_n of_o masovia_n lord_v it_o over_o the_o prussian_n and_o make_v the_o master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_v his_o vicegerent_n but_o in_o the_o treaty_n make_v between_o sigismond_n i._o king_n of_o poland_n and_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o the_o
all_o the_o beast_n of_o lapland_n the_o bear_n be_v chief_a beast_n beast_n style_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n the_o king_n of_o the_o wood_n next_o to_o the_o bear_v the_o elk_n be_v remarkable_a call_v by_o the_o swede_n aelg_n or_o aelgar_a and_o by_o the_o german_n ellend_n it_o differ_v much_o from_o the_o rain-deer_n both_o in_o height_n be_v as_o high_a as_o any_o horse_n and_o in_o the_o make_v of_o it_o horn_n they_o be_v short_a than_o those_o of_o the_o rain-deer_n above_o two_o handful_n in_o breadth_n upon_o the_o palm_n shoot_v out_o not_o many_o lesser_a branch_n see_v a_o description_n of_o this_o creature_n among_o the_o beast_n of_o poland_n there_o be_v no_o great_a breed_n of_o they_o in_o lapland_n but_o they_o have_v they_o from_o other_o place_n especial_o lithvania_n and_o russia_n whence_o twice_o a_o year_n they_o swim_v in_o great_a herd_n over_o the_o river_n niva_n in_o the_o spring_n to_o go_v into_o carelia_n and_o those_o part_n and_o in_o autumn_n to_o return_v into_o russia_n here_o be_v likewise_o beside_o these_o and_o the_o rain-deer_n great_a plenty_n of_o stag_n wolf_n glutton_n beaver_n and_o more_o sort_n of_o fur_n as_o for_o the_o stag_n there_o be_v but_o few_o and_o little_a such_o as_o be_v call_v damicervi_n or_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d which_o since_o they_o have_v nothing_o peculiar_a from_o those_o of_o other_o nation_n let_v it_o suffice_v that_o they_o be_v name_v wolf_n be_v here_o in_o great_a number_n distinguish_v from_o those_o of_o other_o country_n only_o by_o their_o colour_n which_o be_v common_o white_a a_o great_a enemy_n to_o the_o rain-deer_n but_o be_v observe_v never_o to_o assault_v they_o if_o bind_v to_o a_o stake_n the_o wolf_n be_v a_o jealous_a creature_n and_o suspect_v every_o rope_n he_o see_v to_o be_v a_o snare_n to_o catch_v he_o the_o next_o be_v the_o glutton_n so_o name_v from_o their_o rapaciousness_n a_o amphilbious_a creature_n with_o a_o round_a head_n strong_a and_o sharp_a tooth_n like_o a_o wolf_n a_o plump_a body_n and_o foot_n short_a than_o the_o otter_n their_o skin_n be_v of_o a_o very_a dark_a colour_n some_o of_o they_o resemble_v sable_n only_o they_o have_v a_o soft_a and_o fine_a hair_n beaver_n also_o be_v very_o numerous_a here_o and_o general_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o quietness_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v never_o or_o seldomer_n trouble_v with_o ship_n and_o boat_n than_o the_o rhine_n and_o danow_n be_v all_o creature_n that_o live_v in_o river_n and_o feed_v upon_o fish_n abound_v in_o this_o country_n beast_n also_o that_o live_v whole_o upon_o land_n be_v in_o great_a number_n and_o variety_n as_o fox_n of_o several_a sort_n and_o colour_n as_o the_o black_a brown_a ash-coloured_a white_a and_o those_o that_o be_v mark_v with_o a_o cross_a all_o along_o the_o back_n and_o down_o the_o shoulder_n call_v crucigerae_n martron_n or_o martin_n a_o little_a beast_n not_o unlike_o a_o ferret_n feed_v upon_o mouse_n bird_n and_o such_o like_a ermine_n which_o be_v white_a weasel_n with_o black_a tail_n feed_v also_o upon_o mouse_n and_o the_o like_a little_a animal_n sables_n a_o kind_n of_o martron_n the_o white_a be_v very_o rare_a and_o of_o extraordinary_a price_n of_o the_o rest_n the_o black_a be_v the_o better_a with_o some_o other_o who_o skin_n be_v high_o prize_v and_o reckon_v the_o chief_a commodity_n of_o lapland_n there_o be_v also_o on_o the_o mountain_n of_o lapland_n vast_a number_n of_o mouse_n which_o because_o they_o appear_v common_o after_o rain_n have_v i_o suppose_v give_v occasion_n to_o some_o author_n to_o think_v they_o generate_v in_o the_o cloud_n and_o so_o rain_v down_o of_o these_o mouse_n be_v report_v several_a incredible_a thing_n as_o their_o wage_n war_n and_o draw_v themselves_o in_o body_n like_o army_n their_o oeconomy_n also_o and_o such_o like_a story_n they_o be_v meat_n for_o their_o fox_n rain-deer_n and_o their_o dog_n which_o eat_v only_o the_o fore_n part_n of_o they_o cattle_n common_a to_o other_o nation_n as_o horse_n ox_n sheep_n etc._n etc._n be_v not_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o lapland_n the_o beast_n proper_a to_o this_o and_o the_o northern_a country_n be_v the_o rain-deer_n a_o ancient_a name_n call_v by_o king_n aelfred_n in_o his_o saxon_a periplus_n hynas_n and_o the_o latin_a name_n rangifer_n seem_v to_o be_v derive_v from_o it_o they_o differ_v much_o from_o the_o tarandus_fw-la of_o pliny_n and_o also_o from_o our_o common_a stag_n they_o have_v three_o horn_n two_o branch_a out_o backward_o like_o our_o stag_n horn_n sometime_o five_o cubit_n in_o length_n and_o adorn_v with_o five_o and_o twenty_o branch_n the_o three_o spout_v down_o their_o forehead_n by_o which_o they_o defend_v themselves_o against_o wild_a beast_n the_o doe_n have_v but_o two_o horn_n somewhat_o short_a one_o whereof_o be_v fix_v in_o her_o forehead_n their_o foot_n be_v thick_a like_o bull_n foot_n of_o a_o ash-colour_n except_o under_o their_o belly_n and_o haunch_n which_o be_v white_a resemble_v more_o a_o ass_n than_o a_o stag._n this_o beast_n when_o it_o walk_v or_o run_v make_v a_o noise_n with_o its_o joint_n like_o the_o clash_n of_o flint_n which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o these_o creature_n though_o their_o hoof_n be_v cleave_v they_o do_v not_o chew_v the_o cud_n they_o be_v natural_o wild_a but_o not_o difficult_o tame_v and_o make_v serviceable_a to_o man_n the_o male_n they_o employ_v in_o draw_v their_o sled_n and_o the_o do_v they_o keep_v for_o their_o milk_n of_o which_o they_o make_v cheese_n but_o not_o any_o butter_n for_o they_o have_v none_o in_o the_o whole_a country_n but_o make_v use_n of_o a_o kind_n of_o tallow_n instead_o of_o it_o the_o inhabitant_n both_o in_o figure_n and_o manner_n be_v not_o unlike_o the_o samoieds_fw-fr of_o muscovy_n inhabitant_n the_o ââtureââ_n inhabitant_n and_o the_o description_n there_o give_v of_o that_o people_n may_v in_o several_a respect_n be_v say_v to_o agree_v to_o they_o they_o be_v general_o short_a of_o stature_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n very_o lean_a and_o perhaps_o both_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o extreme_a coldness_n of_o the_o country_n they_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v very_o light_a of_o body_n which_o some_o perhaps_o not_o without_o reason_n attribute_v to_o their_o not_o eat_v any_o salt_n they_o have_v great_a head_n prominent_a forehead_n hollow_a and_o blear_a eye_n short_a flat_a nose_n and_o wide_a mouth_n their_o hair_n be_v general_o flaggy_a their_o breast_n broad_a slender_a waste_n and_o though_o their_o leg_n be_v small_a yet_o be_v they_o nimble_a strong_a and_o swift_a of_o foot_n their_o usual_a exercise_n be_v run_v raze_n and_o climb_v high_a rock_n and_o tree_n though_o they_o be_v thus_o nimble_a and_o strong_a yet_o they_o never_o go_v upright_o but_o stoop_v which_o habit_n they_o get_v by_o frequent_a sit_v in_o their_o cottage_n on_o the_o ground_n or_o by_o bend_v their_o body_n as_o they_o slide_v along_o the_o snow_n in_o their_o scait_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o live_n in_o wood_n among_o wild_a beast_n and_o want_v of_o correspondence_n as_o well_o among_o themselves_o as_o with_o other_o nation_n they_o be_v very_o superstitious_a fearful_a and_o mean_v spirit_v and_o above_o all_o thing_n dread_v war_n so_o that_o the_o swede_n seldom_o or_o never_o employ_v any_o of_o they_o in_o their_o army_n though_o it_o be_v false_o report_v that_o gustavus_n adolphus_n make_v use_v of_o both_o they_o and_o their_o magic_n in_o his_o expedition_n upon_o germany_n but_o of_o late_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v more_o courageous_a and_o considerable_a and_o we_o be_v inform_v that_o this_o present_a king_n charles_n the_o xith_o in_o his_o war_n with_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n have_v some_o regiment_n of_o lap_n in_o his_o army_n who_o for_o the_o good_a service_n they_o do_v he_o have_v give_v they_o better_a lodging_n than_o they_o have_v before_o and_o cause_v they_o to_o change_v quarter_n with_o some_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o schonen_fw-mi who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o treacherousness_n be_v not_o so_o deserve_v as_o they_o if_o they_o chance_v to_o be_v remove_v out_o of_o their_o own_o into_o a_o more_o southern_a country_n they_o frequent_o fall_v into_o disease_n and_o die_v be_v less_o able_a to_o endure_v a_o mild_a air_n and_o to_o feed_v upon_o salt_n bread_n and_o boil_a meat_n than_o other_o nation_n be_v to_o live_v upon_o their_o raw_a flesh_n and_o dry_a fish_n former_o they_o be_v account_v plain-dealer_n and_o in_o barter_v very_o honest_a but_o have_v be_v deceive_v by_o stranger_n they_o take_v up_o cheat_v and_o cozen_v as_o well_o as_o other_o and_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v behind_o hand_n with_o they_o in_o it_o that_o they_o be_v notorious_a and_o infamous_a for_o deceive_v
south_n part_n of_o westro-gothia_a the_o ground_n be_v so_o rich_a and_o fertile_a that_o thirty-six_a day_n after_o they_o have_v sow_o they_o reap_v their_o barley_n beast_n of_o all_o sort_n be_v here_o in_o great_a plenty_n beast_n beast_n as_o horse_n elk_n bear_n wild_a bull_n castor_n or_o beaver_n sables_n ermine_n martron_n etc._n etc._n sheep_n also_o and_o ox_n not_o only_o sufficient_a to_o supply_v the_o whole_a country_n but_o also_o to_o have_v great_a number_n transport_v out_o of_o finland_n schonen_fw-mi etc._n etc._n into_o other_o nation_n tree_n also_o be_v here_o in_o great_a abundance_n tree_n tree_n as_o fir_n pine_n birch_n juniper_n etc._n etc._n apple_n also_o and_o pear_n plumb_n and_o other_o fruit-tree_n and_o of_o late_a hop_n have_v be_v plant_v here_o the_o pine_n and_o fir_n which_o grow_v upon_o the_o seacoast_n be_v say_v to_o have_v in_o the_o summertime_n a_o kind_n of_o rosinous_n gum_n distil_v from_o they_o which_o fall_v into_o the_o baltic_a and_o bothnick_a sea_n and_o by_o the_o wave_n carry_v to_o the_o prussian_a shore_n have_v give_v occasion_n to_o some_o to_o ascribe_v to_o this_o the_o original_n of_o their_o amber_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v rather_o a_o coagulation_n of_o petroleum_n honey_n abound_v very_o much_o in_o this_o country_n not_o only_o preserve_v in_o hive_n in_o their_o garden_n but_o ordinary_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o wood_n wine_n have_v be_v sometime_o in_o such_o scarcity_n here_o that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v furnish_v for_o the_o communion_n to_o remedy_v which_o divers_a author_n report_n that_o p._n innocent_a viii_o ann_n '_o 1486_o give_v leave_v to_o the_o priest_n of_o norway_n and_o place_n under_o the_o same_o parallel_n to_o celebrate_v in_o some_o other_o liquor_n the_o air_n be_v of_o different_a temperature_n aââ_n aââ_n according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o clime_n for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o be_v cold_a pure_a free_a from_o vapour_n and_o consequent_o healthful_a in_o those_o part_n near_o the_o bethnic_n and_o baltic_a coast_n it_o be_v frequent_o mud_v with_o sea_n and_o marish_a vapour_n serpent_n and_o venomous_a beast_n whatever_o some_o author_n say_v be_v not_o at_o all_o or_o very_o rare_o in_o these_o country_n but_o fowl_n and_o fish_n of_o all_o sort_n in_o so_o great_a abundance_n that_o even_o the_o peasant_n contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o country_n be_v permit_v to_o catch_v and_o to_o make_v profit_n of_o they_o lake_n here_o be_v many_o and_o very_o large_a lââââ_n lââââ_n the_o great_a and_o most_o considerable_a be_v 1._o meller_n in_o vpland_n well_o store_v with_o salmon_n pike_n and_o such_o like_a fish_n and_o in_o winter_n so_o hard_o freeze_v that_o it_o be_v ordinary_a to_o have_v market_n and_o fair_n keep_v upon_o it_o 2._o hielmer_n in_o nericia_n 3._o sitian_n in_o dalecarlia_n 4._o vener_n in_o westro-gothia_a a_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o english_a mile_n in_o length_n and_o forty_o in_o breadth_n have_v many_o island_n in_o it_o and_o twentyfour_o considerable_a river_n which_o fall_v from_o the_o norwegian_a mountain_n unburthen_v themselves_o into_o it_o all_o which_o have_v but_o one_o passage_n out_o call_v tralhetta_n i._n e_o the_o devil_n cap_n lie_v towards_o the_o south_n 5._o veter_fw-la in_o the_o same_o province_n who_o water_n be_v so_o clear_a and_o calm_a that_o one_o may_v discern_v the_o bottom_n at_o a_o great_a depth_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o this_o lake_n be_v ancient_o found_v the_o monastery_n of_o st._n bridget_n the_o chief_a saint_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o of_o st._n catherine_n her_o daughter_n with_o several_a other_o noble_a building_n 6._o vlatraesch_n in_o cajania_n 7._o pejenda_fw-la in_o tavastia_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v 8._o ladoga_n upon_o the_o confine_n of_o muscovy_n the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o be_v by_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n cede_v by_o the_o muscovite_n to_o this_o crown_n all_o of_o they_o abound_v with_o fish_n the_o revenue_n of_o which_o make_v no_o small_a addition_n to_o the_o king_n exchequer_n from_o these_o lake_n arise_v many_o river_n râââââ_n râââââ_n run_v so_o orderly_o from_o one_o to_o another_o that_o they_o may_v seem_v like_o those_o in_o holland_n to_o have_v their_o channel_n cut_v and_o direct_v by_o art_n the_o first_o be_v dalecarle_n who_o head_n be_v in_o the_o dofrine_n mountain_n whence_o it_o fall_v into_o dalecarlia_n take_v in_o several_a lesser_a current_n at_o torsang_n and_o so_o part_v the_o province_n of_o upland_n and_o gestricia_n and_o at_o last_o fall_v into_o the_o bothnick_a bay_n 2._o saga_fw-la or_o sawe_n which_o divide_v vpland_n from_o westmannia_n 3._o angermannie_n which_o water_v angermannia_n and_o be_v note_v for_o its_o abundance_n of_o salmon_n with_o several_a other_o of_o lesser_a note_n mine_n in_o this_o country_n be_v very_o frequent_a mââââ_n mââââ_n as_o of_o silver_n copper_n iron_n lead_v alum_n vitriol_n sulphur_n etc._n etc._n 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appeal_n but_o only_o to_o the_o king_n who_o may_v pardon_v the_o crime_n or_o mitigate_v the_o punishment_n as_o he_o please_v under_o this_o for_o dispatch_v of_o business_n be_v two_o other_o court_n one_o for_o civil_a and_o one_o for_o criminal_a matter_n of_o inferior_a concernment_n 2._o the_o court_n marshal_n in_o which_o all_o matter_n relate_v to_o war_n be_v decide_v the_o grand_a marshal_n of_o the_o army_n be_v always_o precedent_n have_v two_o assessor_n senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o public_a officer_n all_o man_n of_o the_o sword_n with_o the_o master_n of_o the_o camp_n master_n of_o the_o artillery_n and_o captain_n general_n of_o the_o king_n guard_n 3._o the_o court_n of_o chancery_n for_o the_o decision_n of_o all_o case_n civil_a or_o ecclesiastical_a ãâ¦ã_o ãâ¦ã_o here_o the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n preside_v with_o four_o senator_n assessor_n and_o the_o two_o secretary_n of_o state_n here_o all_o mandate_n edict_n commission_n etc._n etc._n 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the_o four_o former_a at_o present_a only_o make_v use_n of_o in_o the_o city_n of_o lesser_a note_n justice_n be_v execute_v in_o this_o manner_n the_o first_o hear_n be_v before_o a_o inferior_a magistrate_n call_v cammene_n rat_n the_o second_o before_o the_o consul_n and_o senate_n of_o the_o town_n which_o be_v always_o four_o in_o number_n each_o have_v his_o particular_a charge_n the_o three_o if_o the_o case_n be_v of_o importance_n before_o one_o of_o the_o supreme_a tribunal_n where_o upon_o the_o first_o hear_n the_o judge_n or_o precedent_n of_o the_o court_n be_v bind_v to_o determine_v the_o case_n or_o else_o to_o give_v under_o his_o hand_n that_o it_o be_v very_o intricate_a and_o require_v long_a time_n or_o a_o high_a court_n for_o its_o determination_n or_o else_o he_o with_o the_o twelve_o assessor_n be_v to_o be_v fine_v each_o three_o mark_n apiece_o over_o and_o above_o all_o these_o court_n kingdom_n the_o senate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o 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city_n one_o of_o the_o consul_n of_o stockholme_n or_o the_o master_n of_o the_o artillery_n and_o for_o those_o of_o the_o country_n some_o one_o elect_a out_o of_o their_o own_o body_n when_o they_o have_v finish_v their_o deliberation_n several_o they_o confer_v all_o the_o house_n together_o and_o have_v agree_v upon_o a_o form_n present_v their_o resolve_n to_o the_o king_n if_o he_o be_v please_v with_o they_o and_o think_v fit_a to_o pass_v they_o into_o act_n he_o with_o the_o member_n of_o the_o parliament_n subscribe_v and_o seal_v they_o the_o record_n of_o which_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o state_n a_o officer_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n put_v into_o the_o chancery_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v promulgate_v and_o then_o quit_v his_o charge_n and_o his_o staff_n the_o mark_n of_o his_o dignity_n the_o law_n use_v in_o sweden_n law_n the_o law_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o ostro_fw-la and_o westro-gothia_a be_v very_o ancient_a every_o province_n have_v former_o have_v 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wehide_n i._n e._n consecration_n this_o manner_n of_o trial_n be_v first_o allow_v say_v some_o by_o frotho_n king_n of_o denmarck_n whence_o be_v bring_v into_o sweden_n and_o for_o sometime_o prevail_v it_o be_v first_o of_o all_o by_o gustavus_n the_o great_a under_o great_a penalty_n forbid_v but_o not_o absolute_o extirpate_v till_o the_o time_n of_o this_o present_a king_n a._n 1662._o when_o its_o punishment_n be_v make_v arbitrary_a at_o present_v if_o a_o legifer_fw-la be_v to_o be_v elect_v it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o bishop_n who_o give_v notice_n thereof_o in_o the_o court_n eight_o week_n before_o the_o electionday_n and_o the_o people_n of_o the_o territory_n who_o return_n three_o sufficient_a person_n to_o the_o king_n and_o he_o choose_v one_o of_o they_o if_o a_o precedent_n the_o legifer_fw-la and_o the_o people_n of_o the_o district_n choose_v he_o who_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o administer_v justice_n impartial_o among_o they_o and_o can_v be_v judge_n in_o one_o 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our_o saviour_n birth_n if_o any_o one_o deny_v lodging_n three_o time_n to_o stranger_n that_o king_n send_v to_o set_v fire_n on_o the_o house_n of_o such_o offender_n and_o burn_v they_o down_o to_o the_o ground_n this_o freedom_n of_o entertainment_n sometime_o cause_v damage_n and_o inconvenience_n to_o private_a person_n a._n d._n 1285_o magnus_n ladulaus_n then_o king_n put_v forth_o a_o decree_n that_o no_o one_o shall_v think_v himself_o oblige_v as_o they_o perhaps_o by_o some_o natural_a dictate_v do_v think_v themselves_o to_o be_v to_o afford_v lodging_n victual_n and_o horse_n to_o stranger_n but_o may_v demand_v money_n for_o what_o they_o afford_v they_o which_o some_o of_o the_o more_o southern_a people_n more_o accustom_v to_o stranger_n at_o this_o day_n do_v exact_a though_o among_o the_o more_o northern_a the_o ancient_a custom_n do_v still_o prevail_v their_o clothes_n ancient_o as_o those_o of_o the_o laplander_n at_o present_a habit._n their_o habit._n be_v as_o may_v be_v gather_v out_o of_o claudian_n and_o jornandes_n ordinary_o make_v of_o skin_n of_o wild-beast_n and_o call_v mudd_n the_o black_a be_v in_o most_o request_n and_o use_v by_o the_o better_a sort_n at_o present_v not_o only_o the_o gentry_n but_o the_o common_a people_n use_v habit_n equal_a to_o those_o of_o other_o country_n but_o strive_v to_o outgo_v one_o another_o in_o fineness_n and_o costliness_n in_o the_o time_n of_o gustavus_n the_o first_o there_o be_v such_o irregularity_n of_o habit_n among_o the_o people_n the_o courtier_n especial_o that_o the_o dalecarli_n petition_v he_o that_o all_o foreign_a mode_n and_o fashion_n may_v be_v leave_v off_o in_o his_o court_n and_o forbid_v to_o be_v use_v in_o his_o kingdom_n but_o that_o king_n perhaps_o see_v as_o great_a advantage_n by_o it_o in_o respect_n of_o trade_n as_o disadvantage_n any_o other_o way_n put_v the_o petitioner_n off_o with_o a_o compliment_n the_o common_a people_n have_v their_o apparel_n make_v 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the_o king_n
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particular_a colony_n but_o have_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o swedland_n subject_n to_o they_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o what_o we_o have_v allege_v out_o of_o locc_n and_o other_o approve_a author_n for_o if_o the_o swede_n be_v subject_a to_o they_o in_o thracia_n etc._n etc._n upon_o what_o authority_n do_v they_o publish_v law_n for_o the_o recall_v they_o thence_o and_o if_o those_o be_v lord_n and_o master_n of_o sweden_n upon_o what_o account_n can_v they_o be_v just_o disinherit_v for_o not_o return_v thither_o and_o it_o be_v further_o say_v that_o when_o theodoricus_n be_v king_n of_o the_o goth_n in_o italy_n one_o radolphus_n king_n of_o swedland_n with_o many_o of_o his_o subject_n go_v to_o visit_v he_o which_o show_v that_o even_o then_o when_o the_o gothish_a nation_n be_v most_o potent_a abroad_o the_o swede_n have_v a_o distinct_a king_n of_o their_o own_o and_o exempt_a from_o their_o jurisdiction_n johannes_n magnus_n by_o what_o authority_n i_o know_v not_o loccenius_n himself_n in_o a_o matter_n so_o obscure_a not_o venture_v to_o be_v positive_a deduce_v the_o original_a both_o of_o this_o nation_n and_o monarchy_n of_o the_o swede_n from_o 1._o magog_n grandchild_n to_o noah_n by_o japhet_n who_o he_o make_v to_o be_v their_o first_o king_n and_o founder_n 2._o after_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v succeed_v swenno_n his_o elder_a son_n who_o as_o the_o same_o author_n say_v first_o of_o all_o give_v name_n to_o the_o swede_n or_o swenon_n 3._o gether_o or_o gogus_fw-la who_o found_v the_o getish_a or_o as_o afterward_o name_v the_o gothish_a nation_n 4._o vbbo_n brother_n to_o swenno_n anno_fw-la a_o dil._n 246_o who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v build_v vpsal_n 5._o siggo_n who_o to_o defend_v his_o territory_n against_o the_o finlander_n build_v the_o city_n sigtuna_n near_o the_o lake_n meller_n 6._o ericus_n anno_fw-la a_o dil._n 357_o he_o so_o prudent_o manage_v and_o so_o far_o extend_v his_o kingdom_n that_o by_o many_o historian_n among_o which_o loccenius_n be_v one_o he_o be_v reckon_v as_o the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o swede_n and_o goth_n how_o descend_v be_v somewhat_o uncertain_a but_o by_o some_o say_v to_o have_v be_v a_o poor_a man_n son_n and_o advance_v to_o the_o throne_n by_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o people_n in_o his_o reign_n several_a man_n vagabond_n such_o as_o will_v not_o conform_v to_o his_o law_n and_o government_n be_v send_v out_o into_o schonen_fw-mi and_o the_o cimbrick_n island_n he_o live_v to_o a_o great_a age_n and_o die_v peaceable_o after_o the_o death_n of_o ericus_n an._n mundi_fw-la 2014_o according_a to_o the_o swedish_n chronicle_n the_o state_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v much_o disturb_v by_o civil_a commotion_n and_o the_o succession_n in_o the_o throne_n for_o some_o time_n interrupt_v the_o next_o name_n be_v 7._o vddo_fw-la 8._o alo._n 9_o othenus_n 10._o charles_n i._n 11._o biorno_n and_o getharus_n all_o which_o rule_v both_o in_o gothia_n and_o their_o own_o country_n suecia_n 12._o gylfo_n who_o be_v say_v to_o be_v descend_v from_o one_o ferinoto_n king_n of_o finland_n 13._o after_o gulfo_n the_o kingdom_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v govern_v by_o judge_n for_o sometime_o till_o othinus_n or_o odinus_n who_o come_v out_o of_o asia_n into_o the_o northern_a part_n and_o settle_v at_o vpsal_n by_o his_o magic_n and_o sorcery_n gain_v so_o much_o favour_n among_o the_o people_n that_o they_o elect_v he_o king_n and_o after_o he_o be_v dead_a esteem_v he_o as_o one_o of_o their_o principal_a go_n he_o be_v as_o i_o may_v say_v the_o numa_n pompilius_n of_o the_o swede_n be_v the_o first_o that_o establish_v any_o set_a worship_n and_o sacred_a solemnity_n among_o they_o that_o give_v law_n and_o ordain_v officer_n both_o to_o execute_v justice_n in_o his_o kingdom_n and_o take_v care_n of_o all_o religious_a matter_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v twelve_o of_o a_o senatorian_a order_n call_v driar_n or_o drotnar_n whence_o drotset_n the_o name_n now_o in_o use_n to_o denote_v their_o viceroy_n seem_v to_o come_v this_o he_o do_v as_o he_o pretend_v by_o the_o advice_n or_o at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o god_n with_o who_o he_o keep_v great_a familiarity_n and_o correspondence_n 14._o niordus_n or_o nearchus_n a_o famous_a magician_n 15._o freius_n froerus_n or_o frotho_n surname_v the_o peaceable_a the_o first_o that_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o name_n of_o drott_n or_o king_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v give_v the_o patrimony_n of_o vpsal_n call_v vpsala_n oedom_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o which_o the_o king_n take_v a_o oath_n not_o to_o alienate_v or_o embezle_n 16._o odder_n and_o freia_n or_o frigga_n his_o wife_n who_o with_o her_o husband_n rule_v peaceable_o and_o be_v repute_v a_o goddess_n after_o her_o death_n 17._o fiolmus_n a_o sottish_a and_o negligent_a prince_n who_o neither_o regard_v his_o own_o nor_o the_o people_n welfare_n be_v invite_v to_o banquet_n by_o fretho_fw-mi king_n of_o denmark_n and_o make_v drink_v with_o strong_a liquor_n he_o be_v accident_o drown_v in_o a_o vessel_n of_o mead._n 18._o sueigder_o of_o who_o the_o norwegian_a chronicle_n mention_v many_o fabulous_a story_n and_o diabolical_a enchantment_n 19_o walander_n or_o wanlander_n who_o make_v a_o inroad_n into_o schonen_fw-mi and_z hallandia_n and_o conquer_v they_o or_o rather_o regain_v they_o out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o one_o ostarus_n who_o have_v possess_v himself_o of_o those_o part_n in_o his_o time_n the_o russes_z be_v say_v to_o have_v employ_v one_o retho_n a_o famous_a pirate_n to_o infest_v the_o swede_n who_o lie_v upon_o their_o coast_n and_o do_v very_o much_o injury_n to_o they_o hence_o retheran_n signify_v in_o the_o swedish_n language_n to_o commit_v rapine_n against_o this_o pirate_n the_o king_n levy_v all_o the_o force_n he_o can_v but_o withal_o distrust_v their_o power_n desire_a assistance_n of_o the_o devil_n promise_v he_o his_o body_n and_o soul_n upon_o condition_n he_o may_v obtain_v a_o victory_n over_o he_o which_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v do_v and_o the_o devil_n short_o after_o according_a to_o compact_n to_o have_v come_v and_o fetch_v away_o his_o bargain_n 20._o wisbur_fw-la 21._o domalder_n who_o with_o many_o of_o his_o noble_n be_v sacrifice_v to_o their_o god_n odinus_n or_o woden_n 22._o domarus_n 23._o vignerus_fw-la in_o the_o norwegian_a chronicle_n call_v dygue_n the_o first_o that_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o name_n konung_n or_o king_n 24._o ingemarus_n or_o agnus_n as_o some_o report_n murder_v by_o his_o wife_n 25._o humelus_n or_o humblus_n who_o elder_a son_n dan_fw-mi be_v the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o gve_n name_n to_o that_o nation_n 26._o sigtrugus_n who_o defeat_v gramus_fw-la king_n of_o denmark_n in_o battle_n 27._o suibdagerus_n first_o of_o all_o king_n of_o norway_n next_o of_o denmark_n and_o afterward_o of_o sweden_n the_o first_o foreigner_n after_o odinus_n that_o obtain_v the_o swedish_n kingdom_n 28._o asmundus_n 29._o vffo_n both_o which_o wage_v a_o long_a and_o bloody_a war_n with_o hadingus_fw-la king_n of_o denmark_n 30._o hunningus_n or_o hundingus_n who_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o hadingus_fw-la and_o love_v he_o so_o entire_o that_o hear_v a_o false_a report_v of_o his_o death_n he_o make_v a_o funeral_n banquet_n as_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o honour_n and_o remembrance_n of_o he_o invite_v his_o noble_n to_o it_o and_o as_o not_o will_v to_o survive_v his_o friend_n before_o they_o all_o drown_v himself_o in_o a_o vessel_n of_o metheglin_n which_o hadingus_fw-la hearing_n and_o be_v resolve_v that_o affection_n shall_v not_o seem_v cold_a on_o his_o part_n for_o very_a grief_n hang_v himself_o 31._o regnerus_n a_o good_a and_o peaceable_a king_n 32._o hothebrodus_n who_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o helgo_n king_n of_o denmark_n because_o he_o in_o disgrace_n of_o
to_o teach_v he_o and_o his_o subject_n in_o that_o religion_n ethelred_n according_o order_v sigfridus_n archbishop_n of_o york_n and_o with_o he_o two_o priest_n eschillas_n and_o davidus_fw-la to_o go_v into_o sweden_n where_o the_o king_n kind_o receive_v they_o be_v by_o they_o baptize_v and_o at_o their_o entreaty_n build_v christian_a church_n in_o most_o province_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o as_o some_o say_v by_o reason_n of_o his_o great_a constancy_n and_o zeal_n in_o his_o religion_n have_v the_o name_n of_o christianissimus_a give_v he_o he_o among_o several_a good_a law_n and_o constitution_n order_v that_o the_o chief_a power_n of_o elect_v the_o king_n of_o sweden_n shall_v not_o belong_v to_o the_o goth_n in_o any_o case_n but_o principal_o to_o the_o swede_n and_o that_o they_o before_o call_v king_n of_o vpsal_n shall_v be_v thenceforth_o style_v king_n of_o swedland_n and_o gothland_n this_o king_n suppress_v duel_v and_o the_o runick_a character_n introduce_v the_o trial_n by_o fire_n ordeal_o and_o die_v in_o a_o happy_a old_a age_n 98._o anundus_fw-la nickname_v carbonarius_n because_o he_o order_v that_o whosoever_o offend_v against_o the_o law_n which_o he_o have_v promulgate_v shall_v in_o proportion_n to_o the_o crime_n either_o have_v all_o his_o house_n or_o part_n of_o it_o burn_v down_o he_o be_v educate_v in_o the_o christian_a religion_n by_o the_o care_n of_o his_o father_n olaus_n which_o in_o his_o reign_n he_o defend_v and_o die_v peaceable_o 99_o enundus_fw-la base-son_n to_o olaus_n and_o brother_n to_o anundus_n surname_v gammel_n i._n e._n base_a from_o his_o contempt_n of_o religion_n or_o as_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n because_o he_o yield_v up_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n schonen_fw-mi blekingia_n and_o hallandia_n which_o belong_v to_o he_o as_o be_v part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o gothia_n 100_o haquinus_fw-la iii_o surname_v rufus_n 101._o stenchillus_n ii_o breed_v up_o in_o the_o christian_a religion_n which_o he_o very_o much_o encourage_v among_o his_o subject_n make_v his_o palace_n a_o sanctuary_n for_o any_o that_o be_v persecute_v in_o any_o part_n of_o his_o dominion_n for_o that_o profession_n 102._o ingo_n iii_o not_o descend_v from_o the_o blood-royal_a but_o for_o his_o singular_a virtue_n elect_v king_n by_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o people_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v so_o exact_a a_o observer_n of_o his_o own_o law_n that_o he_o never_o offend_v against_o any_o of_o they_o 103._o halstanus_n a_o just_a and_o peaceable_a prince_n 104._o philippus_n 105._o ingo_n iu._n in_o his_o progress_n through_o his_o dominion_n by_o some_o of_o his_o courtier_n poison_a at_o a_o small_a village_n in_o ostrogothia_a 106._o ragvaldus_n surname_v knaphofde_v i._n e._n cock-brained_a elect_v by_o the_o swede_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o goth_n which_o they_o not_o endure_v as_o think_v it_o a_o breach_n of_o their_o privilege_n rebel_v against_o he_o and_o in_o battle_n slay_v he_o for_o one_o to_o succeed_v he_o both_o nation_n pitch_v upon_o 107._o suercherus_fw-la two_o who_o as_o he_o be_v go_v to_o church_n on_o christmas_n day_n be_v by_o a_o ruffian_n employ_v by_o one_o scatelerus_n who_o hope_v to_o obtain_v the_o crown_n after_o his_o death_n miserable_o assassinate_v gothick_n king_n out_o of_o their_o own_o country_n who_o reign_v over_o the_o goth_n while_o they_o inhabit_v about_o the_o river_n vistula_n or_o weissel_n and_o also_o in_o dacia_n and_o thracia_n near_o that_o time_n when_o according_a to_o some_o author_n they_o divide_v themselves_o into_o ostro_fw-la and_o westro-goth_n 1._o anthinus_n 2._o antheas_n 3._o gothilas_n a_o famous_a queen_n who_o daughter_n medumpa_n be_v marry_v to_o philip_n king_n of_o macedonia_n 4._o sitalcus_fw-la elect_v king_n an._n ante_fw-la christum_fw-la 300._o he_o with_o a_o army_n of_o 150000_o man_n lay_v waste_v all_o the_o country_n of_o greece_n 5._o dromgethes_n 6._o tanobonta_fw-la 7._o boroista_n cotemporary_a with_o sylla_n the_o roman_a dictator_n who_o live_v an._n aunt_n nat_n christ_n 76._o 8._o commositus_fw-la both_o king_n and_o priest_n 9_o corillus_fw-la under_o who_o conduct_n the_o goth_n say_v lazius_n first_o of_o all_o invade_v dacia_n 10._o dorpaneus_n co-temporary_a with_o domitian_n the_o roman_a emperor_n an._n christ_n 83._o 11._o decebalus_n 12._o ostrogotha_n 13._o cinna_z or_o omba_n 14._o cannabas_n or_o canabande_n 15._o hildericus_n surname_v ovida_fw-la who_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a 16._o gebeticus_fw-la 17._o armanaricus_n who_o be_v say_v damasc_n suppl_n eutrop._n overcome_v by_o the_o hunns_n and_o make_v tributary_n to_o they_o 18._o vinnitarius_n 19_o hunimundus_n 20._o totismundus_n 21._o alaricus_n and_o fridigernus_n who_o as_o lazius_n mention_n reign_v at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o thracia_n they_o defeat_v the_o roman_a force_n send_v against_o they_o command_v by_o valens_n the_o emperor_n who_o they_o put_v to_o flight_n and_o apprehend_v he_o in_o a_o small_a cottage_n whither_o he_o have_v flee_v to_o hide_v himself_o burn_v he_o to_o death_n 23._o theomarus_n who_o conquer_v maesia_n 24._o radagaisus_n who_o to_o maesia_n add_v a_o great_a part_n of_o pannonia_n an._n christ_n 390._o 25._o alvaricus_n a_o potent_a king_n 26._o alaricus_n ii_o who_o subdue_v all_o illyricum_n and_o extend_v his_o arm_n as_o far_o as_o italy_n arcadius_n and_o honorius_n son_n to_o theodosius_n the_o emperor_n either_o for_o some_o private_a end_n wish_v the_o success_n or_o not_o be_v able_a to_o withstand_v the_o power_n of_o his_o force_n and_o thereupon_o not_o timely_a prevent_v his_o design_n he_o sack_v rome_n subdue_v naples_n and_o overrun_v the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o country_n but_o at_o last_o the_o goth_n be_v by_o stilico_n general_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n driven_z out_o of_o italy_n and_o after_o their_o departure_n thence_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v sit_v down_o in_o france_n the_o ostrogothish_a king_n who_o rule_v in_o italy_n according_a to_o wolf_n lazius_n 1._o alaricus_n i._o 2._o theodericus_fw-la who_o leo_n or_o as_o scalig._n zeno_n the_o emperor_n make_v his_o adopt_a son_n he_o expel_v the_o heruli_n out_o of_o italy_n and_o whole_o subject_v it_o to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o goth_n he_o have_v one_o daughter_n name_v amalasuentha_n 3._o theodatus_fw-la or_o as_o jornandes_n have_v it_o eutharicus_fw-la call_v out_o of_o france_n by_o the_o italic_a goth_n to_o be_v their_o king_n 4._o alaricus_n two_o though_o he_o be_v the_o first_o of_o that_o name_n who_o settle_v in_o italy_n 5._o alaricus_n iii_o 6._o athalaricus_n who_o have_v one_o only_a daughter_n who_o he_o marry_v to_o vittigis_fw-la who_o maintain_v a_o war_n against_o justinian_n the_o emperor_n for_o about_o fourteen_o year_n and_o defend_v himself_o brave_o against_o the_o roman_a power_n 7._o illovadus_n he_o be_v kill_v in_o battle_n by_o narses_n the_o roman_a general_n 8._o alaricus_n iu._n who_o reign_v only_o five_o month_n 9_o totylas_n or_o odilo_n 10._o teias_n the_o last_o gothish_a king_n in_o italy_n who_o himself_o be_v kill_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o his_o people_n almost_o all_o root_v out_o and_o destroy_v by_o they_o some_o few_o only_o remain_v who_o mix_v and_o incorporate_n with_o the_o italian_n at_o present_a pass_n for_o the_o same_o nation_n with_o they_o westro_n or_o wiso-gothick_a king_n who_o reign_v in_o gallia_n lugdunensis_n and_o aquitanica_fw-la 1._o alaricus_n i._n who_o as_o be_v say_v conduct_v the_o gothick_n people_n into_o those_o part_n an._n salut_n 411._o 2._o austulphus_n son_n to_o alaricus_n 3._o theodericus_fw-la kill_v by_o attyla_n king_n of_o the_o hunns_n 4._o turismundus_n son_n to_o theodericus_fw-la who_o to_o revenge_v his_o father_n death_n wage_v war_n with_o the_o hunns_n and_o overcome_v they_o 5._o dietmarus_n in_o who_o time_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o goth_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o one_o vallia_n go_v into_o spain_n 6._o gundoccarus_n in_o the_o time_n of_o theodosius_n junior_a after_o his_o reign_n the_o goth_n in_o these_o part_n grow_v inconsiderable_a as_o intermix_v themselves_o with_o other_o people_n and_o not_o have_v a_o distinct_a king_n of_o their_o own_o but_o be_v subject_v to_o many_z other_o prince_n beside_o these_o gothish_a king_n which_o we_o have_v mention_v there_o be_v many_o other_o who_o rule_v over_o the_o wisogoth_n in_o spain_n and_o the_o adjacent_a part_n a_o catalogue_n of_o who_o we_o leave_v to_o be_v set_v down_o in_o spain_n and_o arragon_n and_o the_o kingdom_n where_o they_o reign_v for_o the_o goth_n in_o those_o part_n blending_a with_o the_o romani_n alani_n suevi_n mauri_n saraceni_n etc._n etc._n do_v not_o so_o much_o continue_v a_o distinct_a nation_n of_o themselves_o as_o become_v a_o people_n incorporate_v with_o those_o of_o other_o nation_n or_o these_o with_o the_o goth_n so_o that_o they_o be_v rule_v by_o
foreign_a prince_n and_o their_o manner_n model_v by_o different_a law_n the_o second_o great_a epocha_n in_o the_o swedish_n chronicle_n be_v from_o the_o reign_n of_o 108._o ericus_n ix_o surname_v the_o saint_n a_o virtuous_a and_o pious_a prince_n he_o never_o lay_v any_o tax_n or_o imposition_n upon_o his_o subject_n but_o be_v content_a with_o the_o crown-patrimony_n and_o when_o money_n be_v offer_v he_o by_o his_o people_n he_o refuse_v to_o accept_v it_o he_o build_v the_o cathedral_n church_n at_o vpsal_n and_o propagate_v christianity_n to_o the_o finlander_n this_o king_n new_o model_v all_o the_o swedish_n law_n and_o expunge_v those_o that_o any_o way_n favour_v paganism_n he_o be_v murder_v by_o a_o party_n of_o rebel_n and_o in_o the_o very_a place_n where_o they_o cut_v off_o his_o head_n there_o present_o issue_v out_o say_v loccen_n a_o spring_n of_o pure_a water_n famous_a for_o cure_v disease_n 109._o charles_n vii_o a_o peaceable_a and_o religious_a king_n who_o found_v several_a monastery_n and_o have_v a_o archbishop_n see_v grant_v he_o in_o his_o own_o dominion_n 110._o canutus_n son_n to_o ericus_n 111._o suercherus_fw-la ii_o 112._o ericus_n x_o a_o quiet_a and_o peaceable_a king_n 113._o john_n ay_o surname_v the_o meek_a he_o propagate_v the_o christian_a religion_n among_o the_o leiflander_n 114._o ericus_n xi_o surname_v the_o stammerer_n he_o root_v out_o paganism_n in_o tavastia_n and_o bring_v over_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o the_o christian_a faith_n 115._o waldemarus_n son_n to_o bergerus_n jerl_n who_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o ericus_n in_o his_o father_n absence_n be_v clect_v king_n which_o his_o father_n be_v dissatisfy_v with_o at_o his_o return_n declare_v his_o displeasure_n that_o a_o unexperienced_a youth_n his_o son_n shall_v be_v advance_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o himself_o disregard_v he_o be_v thereupon_o desire_v to_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o management_n of_o all_o public_a affair_n after_o his_o death_n waldemarus_n have_v absolute_a power_n in_o his_o kingdom_n and_o rule_v by_o his_o own_o unfortunate_a command_v he_o be_v depose_v by_o his_o people_n and_o his_o crown_n give_v to_o 116._o magnus_n i_o surname_v ladulaus_n i._n e._n the_o lock_n to_o granary_n because_o he_o make_v such_o severe_a law_n against_o steal_v corn_n and_o break_v up_o granary_n that_o in_o his_o reign_n the_o people_n use_v neither_o lock_n nor_o key_n his_o law_n be_v sufficien_fw-fr to_o secure_v they_o from_o thief_n and_o robber_n he_o build_v many_o church_n and_o make_v several_a wholesome_a law_n order_v that_o all_o offender_n instead_o of_o pay_v mulct_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o assist_v in_o build_v some_o tower_n or_o fort._n 117._o birgerus_n son_n to_o magnus_n in_o his_o time_n and_o by_o his_o mean_n carelia_n receive_v the_o gospel_n he_o manage_v affair_n imprudent_o and_o thereupon_o be_v depose_v and_o banish_v by_o his_o subject_n and_o his_o kingdom_n confer_v on_o 118._o magnus_fw-la ii_o surname_v smeek_a i._n e._n the_o flatter_a or_o cocker_v prince_n in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o rule_v peaceable_o and_o have_v the_o affection_n of_o his_o people_n but_o fall_v into_o sottishness_n and_o follow_v strange_a woman_n he_o lose_v the_o love_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o be_v in_o a_o senate_n at_o stockholm_n public_o arraign_v for_o his_o misdemeanour_n call_v for_o to_o answer_v for_o himself_o and_o not_o appear_v in_o his_o own_o defence_n by_o they_o depose_v ericus_n xii_o son_n to_o magnus_n sometime_o during_o his_o father_n reign_n manage_v all_o business_n of_o state_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v by_o some_o reckon_v among_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n though_o without_o good_a reason_n for_o he_o be_v only_o a_o assistant_n to_o the_o king_n in_o council_n not_o a_o partner_n in_o the_o government_n the_o four_o swedish_n epocha_n be_v reckon_v from_o the_o remarkable_a alteration_n of_o affair_n under_o 119._o albertus_n of_o mecklebourg_n elect_v by_o the_o suffrage_n of_o the_o people_n for_o some_o time_n he_o rule_v well_o but_o prefer_v germane_a to_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o trust_n in_o his_o kingdom_n he_o thereupon_o lose_v the_o love_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o his_o crown_n to_o boot_v after_o he_o be_v depose_v he_o retire_v into_o a_o monastery_n the_o person_n who_o succeed_v be_v 120._o margarita_n queen_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n she_o vex_v her_o subject_n with_o intolerable_a tax_n admit_v dane_n englishman_n and_o italian_n into_o public_a office_n and_o be_v thereupon_o assault_v by_o the_o noble_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o have_v certain_o slay_v she_o have_v she_o not_o give_v they_o fair_a promise_n and_o propose_v to_o they_o one_o to_o succeed_v she_o viz._n 121._o ericus_n xiii_o her_o nephew_n son_n to_o wartislavus_n duke_n of_o pomeren_n he_o be_v king_n of_o denmark_n norway_n and_o sweden_n at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o marry_v philippe_n daughter_n to_o henry_n iv_o then_o king_n of_o england_n for_o some_o time_n he_o reign_v happy_o but_o break_v the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o not_o observe_v his_o coronation-oath_n he_o fall_v into_o great_a trouble_n and_o at_o last_o after_o he_o have_v enjoy_v three_o crown_n for_o five_o and_o forty_o year_n be_v dethrone_v by_o his_o subject_n this_o king_n after_o he_o be_v depose_v be_v say_v to_o have_v turn_v pirate_n and_o very_o much_o infest_a the_o british_a coast_n his_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n be_v give_v to_o 122._o christophorus_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n this_o king_n revise_v and_o correct_v the_o municipal_a law_n of_o sweden_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v promulgate_v from_o he_o call_v christopher_n law_n he_o die_v sudden_o at_o helsinburg_n as_o he_o be_v go_v to_o consult_v with_o his_o noble_n at_o jenecopia_n after_o this_o king_n death_n there_o be_v a_o interregnum_fw-la for_o some_o small_a time_n during_o which_o all_o public_a business_n be_v manage_v by_o one_o benedictus_n bielke_n and_o nicolaus_n banner_n two_o principal_a officer_n of_o state_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n christophorus_n the_o five_o epocha_n be_v reckon_v from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la which_o be_v when_o the_o government_n be_v undertake_v by_o 123._o carolus_n viii_o canuti_n marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o stock_n of_o the_o ancient_a gothish_a king_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v settle_v in_o the_o throne_n he_o pretend_a title_n to_o gotlandia_n which_o the_o dane_n then_o possess_v and_o thereupon_o make_v war_n with_o christianus_n i_o king_n of_o denmark_n but_o with_o small_a success_n he_o lay_v upon_o his_o subject_n heavy_a and_o grievous_a tax_n and_o attempt_v to_o take_v away_o church_n land_n and_o pious_a donation_n lose_v the_o favour_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o be_v by_o they_o expel_v or_o rather_o by_o the_o danish_a force_n drive_v out_o of_o his_o dominion_n his_o friend_n who_o he_o in_o his_o banishment_n trust_v himself_o with_o be_v casimirus_n king_n of_o poland_n who_o entertain_v he_o noble_o for_o seven_o year_n during_o which_o time_n sweden_n be_v govern_v by_o 124._o christiernus_fw-la i._n king_n of_o denmark_n call_v hither_o by_o the_o prevail_a faction_n but_o seize_v the_o public_a treasure_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o commit_v many_o cruelty_n he_o be_v short_o after_o depose_v from_o be_v king_n and_o 125._o carolus_n canuti_n recall_v from_o dantzick_n and_o restore_v to_o the_o throne_n but_o be_v trouble_v with_o civil_a commotion_n at_o home_n chief_o manage_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o vpsal_n and_o endanger_v by_o the_o danish_a force_n from_o abroad_o command_v by_o the_o depose_v king_n christiernus_fw-la i._n he_o voluntary_o leave_v the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o appoint_v for_o his_o successor_n his_o nephew_n 126._o steno_n stir_v senior_n who_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o senate_n at_o stockholm_n rather_o as_o a_o protector_n than_o a_o absolute_a governor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n he_o manage_v all_o public_a affair_n very_o happy_o and_o with_o great_a satisfaction_n to_o the_o people_n for_o a_o long_a time_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1491_o at_o which_o time_n he_o be_v accuse_v by_o the_o senate_n for_o act_v in_o several_a matter_n without_o their_o knowledge_n and_o advice_n for_o make_v a_o league_n with_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o riga_n against_o the_o teutonick_n order_n of_o which_o the_o russes_z taking_z advantage_n have_v make_v some_o inroad_n into_o livonia_n and_o finland_n and_o suchlike_a crime_n and_o thereupon_o by_o they_o turn_v out_o of_o all_o office_n the_o kingdom_n be_v confer_v on_o 127._o john_n ii_o son_n to_o christiern_n i._o king_n of_o denmark_n he_o take_v steno_n stir_v into_o favour_n and_o go_v as_o be_v then_o the_o custom_n to_o visit_v his_o dominion_n leave_v he_o viceroy_n at_o stockholm_n to_o manage_v all_o the_o affair_n of_o
state_n during_o his_o absence_n steno_fw-it get_v into_o the_o office_n endeavour_v nothing_o more_o than_o to_o lessen_v his_o master_n and_o to_o advance_v his_o own_o credit_n and_o interest_n with_o the_o people_n and_o thereupon_o calumniate_v he_o as_o a_o public_a enemy_n to_o the_o nation_n seize_v upon_o those_o castle_n and_o fort_n which_o the_o king_n have_v officer_v with_o dane_n besieges_fw-fr stockholm_n gain_v the_o city_n present_o the_o castle_n in_o which_o the_o queen_n have_v secure_v herself_o after_o two_o year_n siege_n and_o not_o long_o after_o the_o command_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n upon_o these_o disorder_n in_o sweden_n the_o king_n shelter_n himself_o in_o denmark_n thence_o send_v a_o messenger_n to_o steno_n stir_v desire_v he_o to_o send_v his_o queen_n christina_n to_o he_o who_o he_o courteous_o attend_v to_o the_o border_n of_o denmark_n die_v sudden_o at_o jenecopia_n a_o city_n in_o smalandia_n be_v as_o be_v suppose_v poison_v by_o some_o of_o the_o queen_n friend_n the_o kingdom_n be_v dispose_v of_o by_o the_o noble_n and_o give_v to_o or_o rather_o as_o johannes_n magnus_n relate_v forcible_o obtain_v by_o 128._o suanto_fw-la stir_v son_n to_o one_o nicolaus_n grand_a marshal_n of_o sweden_n he_o be_v administrator_n or_o protector_n of_o the_o kingdom_n not_o absolute_a king_n he_o take_v colmar_n then_o possess_v by_o the_o dane_n and_o maintain_v a_o bloody_a war_n against_o john_n ii_o of_o denmark_n the_o exile_a king_n of_o sweden_n a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n be_v agree_v on_o to_o be_v hold_v at_o colmar_n he_o refuse_v to_o be_v present_a and_o be_v thereupon_o by_o maximilian_n the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n and_o john_n of_o denmark_n declare_v a_o enemy_n to_o the_o public_a and_o a_o disturber_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o as_o such_o he_o and_o all_o his_o accomplice_n be_v by_o all_o good_a man_n to_o be_v deem_v and_o their_o possession_n to_o be_v confiscate_v suanto_fw-la not_o value_v all_o their_o protestation_n against_o he_o declare_v against_o their_o proceed_n and_o strike_v a_o league_n with_o the_o lubecher_n which_o they_o afterward_o break_v put_v himself_o in_o a_o posture_n of_o defence_n in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o the_o war_n he_o die_v at_o arhusia_n after_o he_o have_v govern_v very_o happy_o for_o eight_o year_n the_o next_o who_o succeed_v he_o be_v his_o son_n 129._o steno_n stir_v junior_n protector_n of_o the_o kingdom_n upon_o some_o grievous_a quarrel_n and_o animosity_n break_v out_o betwixt_o this_o king_n and_o gustavus_n trolle_v who_o afterward_o enjoy_v the_o crown_n the_o kingdom_n be_v miserable_o shatter_v and_o opportunity_n give_v to_o christiern_n ii_o son_n to_o john_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n to_o make_v a_o invasion_n into_o it_o steno_n to_o defend_v himself_o raise_v a_o army_n go_v against_o he_o and_o near_o the_o lake_n wener_n lose_v his_o life_n in_o battle_n the_o kingdom_n be_v by_o the_o noble_n under_o certain_a condition_n as_o of_o have_v their_o law_n and_o religion_n protect_v etc._n etc._n give_v to_o 130._o christiern_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n who_o have_v obtain_v the_o diadem_n meditate_a nothing_o more_o than_o revenge_n and_o cruelty_n and_o commit_v so_o many_o massacre_n and_o act_n of_o hostility_n upon_o his_o subject_n that_o he_o may_v seem_v not_o much_o inferior_a in_o tyranny_n to_o nero_n himself_o he_o under_o pretence_n of_o friendship_n and_o decide_v the_o trouble_n of_o the_o kingdom_n invite_v all_o his_o noble_n to_o a_o royal_a banquet_n and_o after_o have_v treat_v they_o splendid_o for_o two_o whole_a day_n at_o last_o pretend_v the_o disturb_a state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n require_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o way_n and_o that_o the_o pope_n bull_n which_o he_o cause_v public_o to_o be_v read_v before_o they_o give_v he_o authority_n to_o do_v it_o murder_v they_o cast_v their_o dead_a body_n out_o into_o the_o street_n where_o they_o lie_v for_o three_o day_n to_o be_v tear_v by_o dog_n and_o tread_v upon_o by_o the_o soldier_n the_o body_n of_o steno_n stir_v which_o have_v lie_v some_o time_n in_o the_o ground_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v dug_n up_o and_o give_v to_o the_o dog_n to_o devour_v with_o suchlike_a unheard_a of_o cruelty_n which_o make_v he_o hate_v among_o his_o swedish_n subject_n and_o not_o secure_a while_o he_o live_v among_o they_o hereupon_o he_o retire_v or_o rather_o flee_v into_o denmark_n and_o the_o whole_a management_n of_o swedish_n affair_n be_v undertake_v by_o 131._o gustavus_n i._o nephew_n to_o steno_n stir_v by_o his_o brother_n ericus_n who_o christiern_n have_v put_v to_o death_n he_o when_o young_a be_v take_v by_o christiern_n and_o carry_v prisoner_n into_o denmark_n whence_o miraculous_o escape_v he_o come_v into_o sweden_n put_v himself_o in_o the_o head_n of_o the_o dissent_v party_n manage_v several_a engagement_n against_o the_o tyrant_n very_o successful_o and_o be_v at_o last_o seem_o much_a against_o his_o will_n crown_v king_n this_o king_n be_v the_o first_o who_o make_v the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n hereditary_n the_o noble_n and_o commons_o in_o consideration_n of_o the_o great_a service_n he_o have_v do_v the_o nation_n free_o give_v up_o their_o ancient_a right_n of_o elect_v and_o establish_v the_o crown_n upon_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o encourage_v and_o propagate_v the_o lutheran_n confession_n in_o sweden_n and_o make_v a_o league_n with_o the_o reform_a prince_n of_o germany_n to_o defend_v it_o against_o all_o opposer_n he_o protest_v against_o christianus_n iii_o king_n of_o denmark_n who_o allege_v some_o pretension_n to_o the_o arm_n three_o crown_n or_o of_o sweden_n make_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o russes_z and_o after_o he_o have_v reign_v happy_o for_o nine_o and_o thirty_o year_n dye_v in_o a_o quiet_a and_o peaceable_a old-age_n his_o diadem_n according_a to_o the_o right_n of_o inheritance_n be_v confer_v on_o the_o head_n of_o 132._o ericus_n fourteen_o his_o elder_a son_n as_o soon_o as_o or_o before_o he_o be_v well_o settle_v in_o the_o throne_n the_o first_o thing_n he_o propose_v to_o the_o senate_n be_v to_o consult_v about_o a_o marriage_n with_o elizabeth_n queen_n of_o england_n he_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o dane_n which_o they_o not_o observe_v on_o their_o part_n he_o make_v war_n against_o they_o invade_v norway_n and_o commit_v some_o cruelty_n upon_o the_o norwegian_a nobleman_n thereupon_o quite_o lose_v the_o favour_n of_o his_o own_o subject_n and_o be_v by_o they_o under_o the_o command_n of_o his_o rebellious_a brother_n notwithstanding_o their_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n treacherous_o betray_v thrust_v from_o his_o throne_n and_o shut_v up_o in_o prison_n where_o after_o nine_o year_n confinement_n he_o die_v miserable_o during_o his_o imprisonment_n when_o he_o perceive_v what_o way_n affair_n will_v go_v and_o to_o who_o the_o kingdom_n after_o his_o death_n according_a to_o justice_n be_v transfer_v he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v write_v under_o his_o escutcheon_n these_o word_n translatum_fw-la est_fw-la regnum_fw-la &_o factum_fw-la est_fw-la fratris_fw-la mei_fw-la a_o domino_fw-la constitutum_fw-la est_fw-la ei_fw-la which_o so_o happen_v for_o the_o diadem_n in_o right_n descend_v upon_o 133._o john_n iii_o brother_n to_o ericus_n he_o as_o soon_o as_o invest_v with_o his_o royal_a robe_n endeavour_n to_o lay_v a_o foundation_n for_o a_o quiet_a reign_n and_o thereupon_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o muscovite_n the_o pole_n and_o the_o dane_n his_o three_o potent_a neighbour_n this_o king_n be_v say_v to_o have_v endeavour_v to_o introduce_v the_o religion_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n into_o his_o dominion_n and_o labour_v to_o persuade_v his_o brother_n charles_n to_o embrace_v that_o profession_n but_o with_o small_a success_n in_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o be_v victorious_a in_o war_n and_o see_v his_o son_n sigismond_n crown_v king_n of_o poland_n he_o die_v not_o without_o suspicion_n of_o be_v poison_v after_o his_o death_n his_o brother_n charles_n duke_n of_o sudermannia_n for_o some_o time_n manage_v all_o public_a affair_n till_o his_o nephew_n to_o who_o according_a to_o the_o right_n of_o succession_n the_o crown_n do_v belong_v can_v convenient_o come_v out_o of_o poland_n to_o receive_v it_o 134._o sigismond_n son_n to_o john_n iii_o he_o be_v educate_v in_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n hereupon_o the_o state_n of_o sweden_n fear_v lest_o he_o be_v admit_v king_n may_v reestablish_v popery_n among_o they_o before_o his_o coronation_n propose_v to_o he_o a_o oath_n not_o to_o alter_v any_o thing_n in_o their_o religion_n reform_v according_a to_o luther_n but_o to_o allow_v his_o subject_n the_o free_a exercise_n of_o that_o profession_n this_o oath_n he_o endeavour_v at_o first_o to_o evade_v but_o be_v
village_n and_o fort_n of_o the_o late_a accession_n in_o pomeren_n and_o the_o empire_n how_o far_o the_o victorious_a arm_n of_o gustavus_n adolphus_n spread_v themselves_o in_o the_o empire_n of_o germany_n pass_v over_o the_o elb_n the_o rhine_n and_o the_o danow_n in_o one_o year_n and_o thereby_o become_v as_o well_o the_o terror_n as_o wonder_v of_o europe_n be_v sufficient_o know_v to_o all_o the_o world_n and_o how_o after_o his_o death_n the_o swedish_n conquest_n in_o those_o part_n begin_v to_o lessen_v and_o several_a place_n of_o importance_n to_o be_v either_o forcible_o regain_v by_o the_o emperor_n or_o by_o the_o succeed_a king_n of_o sweden_n free_o yield_v up_o to_o he_o be_v no_o less_o manifest_a what_o city_n town_n fort_n title_n territory_n etc._n etc._n be_v by_o a_o ratification_n of_o peace_n conclude_v between_o the_o imperial_a minister_n and_o the_o swedish_n agent_n in_o lieu_n of_o those_o many_o and_o large_a dominion_n which_o gustavus_n adolphus_n have_v possess_v himself_o of_o give_v up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n either_o absolute_o and_o for_o ever_o or_o under_o some_o condition_n to_o be_v by_o the_o swede_n observe_v we_o shall_v in_o this_o place_n only_a mention_n remit_v the_o more_o large_a description_n of_o they_o to_o pomeren_n germany_n etc._n etc._n whereunto_o they_o do_v former_o belong_v and_o where_o a_o account_n of_o they_o may_v be_v expect_v by_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n between_o the_o imperial_a plenipotentiaries_n and_o swedish_n minister_n hold_v at_o osnabrug_n and_o munster_n a._n d._n 1649_o it_o be_v conclude_v that_o because_o christina_n queen_n of_o sweden_n have_v require_v of_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o electoral_a prince_n that_o satisfaction_n shall_v be_v make_v she_o for_o deliver_v up_o to_o they_o several_a place_n which_o have_v be_v by_o her_o father_n in_o the_o late_a war_n bring_v under_o the_o swedish_n power_n and_o likewise_o upon_o account_n that_o she_o earnest_o desire_v as_o much_o as_o in_o she_o lay_v to_o restore_v and_o promote_v the_o public_a peace_n of_o the_o empire_n which_o the_o emperor_n and_o their_o electoral_a highness_n on_o the_o other_o part_n be_v very_o ready_a by_o all_o mean_n to_o advance_v and_o take_v care_n of_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o electoral_a prince_n and_o state_n of_o the_o empire_n shall_v give_v up_o to_o the_o queen_n of_o sweden_n and_o to_o her_o heir_n and_o successor_n these_o follow_a dominion_n to_o be_v hold_v by_o they_o in_o full_a right_n of_o possession_n as_o a_o perpetual_a and_o immediate_a feud_n of_o the_o empire_n viz._n 1._o all_o nether-pomeren_a common_o call_v nor-pomern_a with_o the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o extent_n as_o the_o late_a duke_n of_o pomeren_n have_v possess_v and_o enjoy_v the_o same_o and_o also_o in_o further-pomeren_a stetin_n gartz_n dam_n golnau_n the_o isle_n wollin_n with_o part_n of_o the_o river_n other_o that_o encompass_v it_o the_o sea_n common_o call_v das_fw-la frische_n haff_n with_o its_o three_o bay_n peine_fw-fr swine_n and_o divenow_n and_o so_o much_o land_n on_o each_o side_n as_o shall_v be_v agree_v on_o by_o the_o commissioner_n to_o be_v appoint_v for_o assign_v the_o just_a limit_n for_o both_o party_n which_o say_v kingdom_n of_o pomeren_n and_o principality_n of_o rugen_n with_o all_o dominion_n belong_v or_o place_n annex_v to_o either_o of_o they_o and_o also_o all_o territory_n prefecture_n city_n fort_n town_n village_n feud_n river_n isle_n etc._n etc._n with_o all_o tribute_n revenue_n title_n dignity_n preeminence_n immunity_n and_o praerogative_n ecclesiastical_a or_o civil_a with_o all_o other_o right_n and_o privilege_n shall_v from_o that_o day_n 27_o of_o july_n a._n 1648_o for_o ever_o belong_v to_o and_o be_v free_o use_v and_o inviolable_o possess_v by_o the_o then_z queen_n of_o sweden_n her_o heir_n and_o successor_n in_o as_o full_a and_o ample_a manner_n as_o the_o former_a duke_n of_o pomeren_n have_v have_v enjoy_v or_o govern_v the_o same_o moreover_o that_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o brandenburg_n shall_v both_o of_o they_o use_v the_o title_n and_o arm_n of_o pomeren_n after_o the_o manner_n that_o the_o former_a duke_n of_o pomeren_n use_v they_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n for_o ever_o and_o the_o duke_n of_o brandenburg_n so_o long_o as_o any_o of_o the_o issue_n male_a of_o that_o family_n remain_v but_o that_o upon_o defect_n of_o the_o masculine_a line_n of_o the_o house_n of_o brandenburg_n none_o shall_v lay_v claim_n to_o those_o title_n and_o arm_n of_o pomeren_n but_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n sole_o to_o retain_v they_o without_o any_o competitor_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o then_o to_o have_v all_o further_a pomeren_n with_o the_o bishopric_n and_o chapter_n of_o camminen_n yield_v up_o to_o they_o and_o their_o successor_n for_o ever_o 2._o that_o the_o emperor_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o elector_n shall_v give_v up_o to_o the_o say_a queen_n and_o her_o successor_n for_o ever_o the_o city_n and_o port_n of_o wismar_n with_o the_o fort_n walfisch_n and_o the_o prefecture_n of_o poel_n the_o town_n sehedorff_n wietendorff_n brandenhusen_n and_o wangern_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o hospital_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n in_o lubeck_n except_v and_o newen_n closter_n with_o all_o right_n and_o privilege_n belong_v to_o they_o in_o as_o full_a and_o ample_a manner_n as_o the_o duke_n of_o meklenburg_n have_v before_o enjoy_v and_o possess_v they_o 3._o that_o the_o emperor_n with_o etc._n etc._n shall_v give_v up_o to_o the_o queen_n of_o sweden_n and_o her_o successor_n for_o ever_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o breme_n and_o the_o bishopric_n of_o verden_n with_o the_o town_n and_o prefecture_n of_o wilshausen_n and_o also_o all_o the_o right_a the_o arch-bishop_n of_o breme_n have_v to_o the_o chapter_n and_o dioece_n of_o hamburg_n provide_v that_o the_o house_n of_o holsatia_n and_o the_o city_n and_o chapter_n of_o hamburg_n retain_v their_o respective_a liberty_n possession_n etc._n etc._n with_o all_o and_o singular_a right_n privilege_n etc._n etc._n ecclesiastical_a or_o civil_a to_o the_o say_a archbishopric_n bishopric_n and_o prefecture_n in_o any-wise_a belong_v yet_o to_o retain_v they_o for_o ever_o as_o a_o immediate_a fee_n of_o the_o empire_n use_v the_o ancient_a arm_n which_o belong_v to_o they_o but_o change_v the_o ecclefiastical_a title_n into_o a_o secular_a one_o viz._n that_o of_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n into_o duke_n of_o breme_n and_o verden_n and_o likewise_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o grant_v to_o have_v privilege_n to_o be_v present_a at_o all_o diet_n of_o the_o empire_n under_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o breme_n verden_n and_o pomeren_n prince_n of_o rugen_n and_o lord_n of_o wismar_n and_o to_o take_v place_n among_o the_o secular_a prince_n on_o the_o five_o seat_n in_o the_o say_a diet_n and_o in_o all_o controversy_n arise_v concern_v these_o territory_n to_o appeal_v to_o some_o of_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n be_v court_n of_o judicature_n there_o to_o have_v they_o determine_v 4._o that_o the_o queen_n of_o sweden_n or_o her_o successor_n may_v have_v power_n to_o erect_v a_o university_n where_o they_o think_v most_o convenient_a in_o any_o part_n of_o these_o new_a dominion_n last_o that_o her_o majesty_n of_o sweden_n and_o her_o successor_n shall_v acknowledge_v all_o these_o possession_n as_o feudiatary_a to_o the_o emperor_n and_o receive_v all_o investiture_n from_o and_o as_o their_o predecessor_n and_o other_o vassal_n of_o the_o empire_n former_o use_v to_o do_v to_z take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n and_o allegiance_n to_o he_o and_o his_o imperial_a successor_n for_o ever_o by_o these_o additional_a dominion_n in_o pomeren_n and_o germany_n which_o at_o present_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o war_n between_o the_o two_o northern_a crown_n be_v very_o much_o disturb_v and_o in_o great_a confusion_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v as_o be_v say_v several_a new_a title_n confer_v upon_o they_o which_o with_o other_o that_o be_v take_v from_o their_o late_a conquest_n in_o livonia_n carelia_n etc._n etc._n make_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o whole_a catalogue_n the_o present_a king_n style_v himself_o thus_o the_o most_o serene_a and_o most_o &c._n &c._n prince_n charles_n xi_o king_n of_o the_o swede_n goth_n and_o vandal_n and_o hereditary_a prince_n great_a prince_n of_o finland_n duke_n of_o schonen_fw-mi esthonia_n livonia_n carelia_n breme_n verde_n stetin_n pomeren_n cassubie_n and_o wenden_n prince_n of_o rugen_n lord_n of_o ingria_n and_o wismar_n count_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n juliers_n cleves_n bergen_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o new_a accession_n in_o denmark_n within_o the_o baltic_a sea_n viz._n scania_n hallandia_n
blekingia_n etc._n etc._n by_o a_o ratification_n of_o peace_n conclude_v at_o roschild_n feb._n 26_o ann_n 1658_o between_o charles_n x._o then_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o frederic_n iii_o king_n of_o denmark_n the_o province_n of_o scania_n hallandia_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o bahus_n with_o all_o the_o fort_n island_n etc._n etc._n and_o also_o all_o the_o royalty_n jurisdiction_n dominion_n ecclesiastical_a or_o civil_a with_o the_o revenue_n tribute_n payment_n and_o all_o right_n whatsoever_o whether_o by_o land_n or_o sea_n be_v by_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n in_o consideration_n of_o have_v some_o place_n restore_v to_o he_o as_o sialand_n laland_n falstria_n etc._n etc._n which_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v during_o the_o late_a war_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o whole_o cede_v and_o give_v up_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n as_o a_o perpetual_a possession_n to_o be_v incorporate_v with_o that_o kingdom_n for_o ever_o in_o as_o full_a and_o ample_a manner_n as_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n have_v former_o possess_v and_o enjoy_v the_o same_o and_o by_o another_o ratification_n of_o peace_n hold_v at_o copenhagen_n ann_n 1660_o between_o the_o say_v frideric_n iii_o of_o denmark_n and_o this_o present_a king_n of_o sweden_n these_o province_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o have_v be_v grant_v by_o the_o former_a treaty_n be_v confirm_v to_o the_o swedish_n crown_n we_o shall_v treat_v of_o all_o these_o province_n though_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o present_a war_n betwixt_o the_o swede_n and_o dane_n the_o possession_n of_o they_o be_v much_o disturb_v and_o some_o city_n and_o fort_n in_o they_o seize_v and_o garrison_v by_o the_o danish_a force_n as_o accessional_a part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n remit_v what_o may_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o ancient_a title_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n have_v to_o they_o or_o what_o else_o may_v concern_v they_o to_o be_v speak_v to_o in_o that_o kingdom_n 1._o scania_n or_o schonen_fw-mi a_o province_n abound_v as_o be_v say_v in_o gothia_n with_o corn_n beast_n bird_n and_o all_o commodity_n of_o life_n have_v on_o the_o east_n blekingia_n on_o the_o west_n the_o sund_n along_o the_o shore_n of_o which_o it_o run_v for_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o german_a mile_n on_o the_o north_n hallandia_n and_o westro-gothia_a and_o on_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o baltic_a or_o ost-zee_n it_o be_v in_o length_n eighteen_o and_o where_o broad_o in_o breadth_n twelve_o german_a miel_n in_o it_o be_v beside_o many_o town_n and_o village_n twelve_o nomarchy_n or_o principality_n the_o chief_a city_n be_v 1._o lundia_fw-la lundon_n or_o lune_fw-fr former_o from_o the_o year_n 1109_o to_o 1559_o the_o seat_n of_o a_o archbishop_n who_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v call_v to_o the_o general_a diet_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o have_v his_o voice_n in_o they_o it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v two_o and_o twenty_o church_n in_o it_o and_o among_o the_o rest_n a_o magnificent_a cathedral_n dedicate_v to_o st._n laurence_n no_o less_o remarkable_a for_o its_o high_a steeple_n which_o be_v a_o guide_n to_o mariner_n and_o its_o large_a vault_n under_o the_o choir_n then_o for_o the_o dial_n which_o show_v the_o year_n month_n week_n day_n and_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n all_o at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o all_o feast_n both_o movable_a and_o fix_a as_o also_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n and_o their_o progress_n through_o every_o degree_n of_o the_o zodiac_n this_o clock_n be_v so_o order_v by_o artificial_a engine_n that_o when_o ever_o it_o strike_v two_o horseman_n come_v forth_o and_o encounter_v each_o other_o the_o one_o give_v the_o other_o just_a so_o many_o blow_n as_o the_o hammer_n be_v to_o strike_v upon_o the_o bell_n at_o what_o time_n a_o door_n open_v the_o virgin_n mary_n appear_v sit_v upon_o a_o throne_n with_o christ_n in_o her_o arm_n and_o the_o magi_n do_v he_o reverence_n and_o two_o trumpeter_n sound_v all_o the_o while_n this_o be_v the_o suppose_a work_n of_o caspar_n bartholine_n the_o famous_a mathematician_n the_o altar_n also_o of_o this_o church_n be_v a_o excellent_a piece_n of_o work_n of_o black_a and_o white_a marble_n adorn_v on_o the_o forepart_n with_o the_o sculpture_n of_o frederic_n two_o and_o sophia_n his_o wife_n and_o upon_o the_o table-stone_n with_o the_o image_n of_o our_o saviour_n and_o his_o twelve_o apostle_n at_o his_o last_o supper_n 2._o malmoge_fw-mi or_o as_o some_o call_v it_o elbogen_n at_o the_o very_a southern_a point_n of_o schonen_fw-mi just_a opposite_a to_o copenhagen_n in_o zealand_n a_o well_o trade_v port_n the_o birthplace_n of_o the_o say_v caspar_n bartholine_n or_o malmogius_n danus_n as_o some_o please_v to_o name_v he_o the_o great_a mathematician_n 3._o trelleberg_n north_n of_o elbogen_n 4._o landscroon_fw-mi on_o the_o sea_n side_n a_o place_n of_o great_a consequence_n and_o strength_n build_v by_o ericus_n viii_o an._n 1413._o it_o have_v six_o gate_n in_o all_o three_o towards_o the_o sea_n and_o three_o towards_o the_o continent_n with_o a_o fair_a marketplace_n and_o a_o stately_a stadt-house_n here_o be_v a_o large_a and_o convenient_a harbour_n for_o ship_n though_o of_o somewhat_o hazardous_a entrance_n this_o city_n be_v fortify_v with_o a_o castle_n by_o christian_n iii_o who_o remove_v the_o fair_a at_o engelholm_n to_o this_o place_n where_o it_o be_v keep_v at_o midsummer_n every_o year_n with_o a_o great_a concourse_n of_o merchant_n 5._o helsemburg_n a_o mean_a town_n but_o fortify_v with_o a_o impregnable_a castle_n just_a opposite_a to_o helsinore_n and_o croneberg_n in_o seland_n the_o other_o of_o the_o two_o key_n which_o open_v into_o the_o sund._n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o castle_n rise_v a_o high_a four_o square_a tower_n which_o show_v itself_o to_o mariner_n a_o great_a way_n off_o from_o the_o castle_n and_o serve_v they_o as_o a_o mark_n to_o steer_v their_o course_n by_o in_o this_o town_n be_v keep_v two_o fair_n every_o year_n one_o in_o mid-lent_n the_o other_o upon_o palm-sunday_n note_v for_o the_o concourse_n of_o people_n and_o great_a store_n of_o merchandise_n vend_v here_o 6._o radneby_n a_o frontier_n town_n border_v on_o verendia_fw-la 7._o christiania_n or_o christendorp_n build_v by_o christiern_n iu._n an._n 1604_o out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o ahusia_n and_o vaea_n or_o wa_n and_o fortify_v with_o eight_o bulwark_n and_o so_o encompass_v with_o fen_n and_o marsh_n on_o one_o side_n and_o with_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o other_o that_o it_o may_v seem_v almost_o impregnable_a to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v 8._o scanore_n the_o most_o ancient_a of_o any_o 2._o hallandia_n hallandia_n hallandia_n or_o hallandt_n which_o lie_v to_o the_o north_n east_n upon_o part_n of_o westro_n gothia_n its_o limit_n begin_v at_o the_o promontory_n call_v by_o the_o native_n hallands-ars_a by_o stranger_n coll_n and_o thence_o run_v along_o the_o codane_a shore_n to_o elsburg_n sixteen_o german_a mile_n and_o may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v on_o the_o west_n the_o sea_n which_o run_v betwixt_o it_o and_o jutland_n on_o the_o north_n part_n of_o smalandia_n and_o on_o the_o south_n scania_n or_o schonen_fw-mi of_o this_o province_n see_v what_o be_v say_v in_o westro-gothia_a 3._o blescida_n blekingia_n or_o bleck_v blekingia_n blekingia_n a_o province_n somewhat_o mountainous_a woody_a and_o barren_a and_o not_o near_o so_o fertile_a as_o either_o of_o the_o two_o former_a it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n and_o south_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n on_o the_o north_n with_o verendia_fw-la in_o smaland_n and_o on_o the_o west_n with_o schonen_fw-mi the_o whole_a province_n be_v divide_v into_o eight_o nomarchy_n and_o contain_v these_o city_n and_o town_n of_o note_n all_o lie_v upon_o the_o baltic_a 1._o vstadium_n vulg_n vster_n 2._o stanthamera_fw-la or_o santhamer_n 3._o ahuiis_fw-la 4._o selsburg_n 5._o elenholm_n 6._o rottenbuy_n 7._o christianopolis_n christenberg_n raise_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n by_o christiern_n iv_o king_n of_o denmark_n a._n d._n 1604_o to_o defend_v his_o kingdom_n on_o this_o side_n but_o not_o long_o after_o by_o a_o warlike_a stratagem_n surprise_v by_o the_o swede_n an._n 1611_o and_o by_o they_o destroy_v and_o quite_o dispeople_v since_o which_o time_n it_o have_v be_v rebuilt_a and_o at_o present_a be_v very_o well_o replenish_v with_o inhabitant_n and_o much_o frequent_v by_o merchant_n 10._o bromsebro_n famous_a for_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n betwixt_o christina_n queen_n of_o sweden_n and_o christianus_n iv_o king_n of_o denmark_n conclude_v at_o this_o town_n a._n d._n 1648_o with_o many_o small_a town_n and_o village_n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v 4._o jemptia_n jemptia_n jemptia_n or_o jempterland_n so_o call_v from_o one_o kietellus_n jampte_v a_o norwegian_a nobleman_n who_o escape_v from_o the_o tyranny_n of_o harald_n harfager_n king_n of_o norway_n come_v
christian_n whereupon_o he_o be_v baptize_v in_o the_o year_n 826_o and_o immediate_o restore_v to_o his_o dominion_n but_o soon_o after_o he_o renounce_v christianity_n and_o continue_v heathen_a till_o reclaim_v by_o st._n anschar_n who_o for_o his_o good_a office_n in_o the_o northern_a kingdom_n be_v make_v archbishop_n of_o hamburgh_n in_o the_o year_n 835._o 2._o eric_n succeed_v his_o brother_n harald_n with_o who_o he_o have_v be_v baptize_v in_o germany_n in_o his_o kingdom_n and_o cruelty_n against_o the_o the_o christian_n in_o his_o day_n about_o the_o year_n 853_o the_o dane_n first_o enter_v france_n under_o the_o command_n of_o their_o captain_n rollo_n though_o other_o more_o probable_o relate_v he_o not_o to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o of_o those_o northern_a rover_n that_o invade_v france_n but_o to_o have_v succeed_v to_o gotfrid_n and_o to_o have_v enter_v france_n about_o the_o year_n 876_o and_o not_o to_o have_v be_v peaceable_o settle_v in_o normandy_n till_o 889_o or_o 890_o see_v the_o history_n of_o the_o life_n of_o king_n aelfred_n and_o seat_v themselves_o in_o that_o part_n which_o have_v ever_o since_o keep_v the_o name_n of_o normandy_n 3._o eric_n barn_n or_o the_o child_n be_v the_o only_a male_n leave_v alive_a of_o the_o royal_a family_n after_o the_o bloody_a war_n between_o his_o predecessor_n and_o guthorm_n king_n of_o norway_n he_o begin_v his_o reign_n happy_o have_v marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o king_n guthorm_n but_o within_o awhile_o he_o grow_v more_o cruel_a than_o any_o of_o his_o ancestor_n have_v be_v slay_v more_o bishop_n and_o destroy_v more_o church_n and_o religious_a house_n both_o in_o germany_n and_o england_n than_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o danish_a king_n put_v together_o in_o his_o german_a war_n he_o slay_v brunno_n duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o twelve_o count_n he_o die_v about_o the_o year_n 902._o 4._o canutus_n the_o hairy_a or_o lodneknudt_fw-ge succeed_v his_o father_n eric_n in_o his_o day_n say_v king_n eric_n in_o his_o chronicon_fw-la every_o three_o man_n in_o denmark_n go_v by_o lot_n to_o seek_v his_o fortune_n so_o that_o those_o who_o march_v off_o overrun_v all_o prussia_n semgal_n curland_n and_o several_a other_o country_n whence_o they_o never_o return_v but_o there_o they_o and_o their_o posterity_n have_v continue_v to_o this_o day_n he_o die_v a_o heathen_a about_o the_o year_n 912._o 5._o after_o the_o death_n of_o canutus_n the_o danish_a sceptre_n be_v give_v to_o frotho_n his_o son_n so_o say_v the_o most_o credible_a historian_n though_o lindenbruch_n report_v that_o his_o brother_n sueno_n reign_v nine_o year_n he_o be_v twenty_o year_n king_n of_o england_n and_o denmark_n in_o the_o former_a of_o which_o he_o be_v baptize_v and_o die_v a_o good_a christian_n 6._o gormo_n gormund_n or_o guthrum_n surname_v hartesnute_n and_o engelend_a because_o bear_v in_o england_n succeed_v his_o father_n he_o together_o with_o his_o follower_n be_v baptize_v at_o aalre_a in_o sommersetshire_n and_o have_v our_o learned_a and_o pious_a king_n aelfr_v to_o his_o godfather_n who_o at_o the_o font_n give_v he_o the_o name_n of_o athelstane_n and_o afterward_o bestow_v on_o he_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o east-angle_n from_o this_o gormo_n a_o village_n near_o huntingdon_n call_v at_o this_o day_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n corrupt_o godman-chester_n have_v its_o name_n gormon-chester_n as_o cambden_n prove_v from_o that_o old_a verse_n gormonis_fw-la a_o castri_fw-la nomine_fw-la nomen_fw-la habet_fw-la i_o be_o very_o unwilling_a i_o must_v confess_v to_o confound_v this_o gormo_n with_o king_n aelfred_n godson_n who_o as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v learn_v from_o english_a writer_n never_o sit_v in_o the_o throne_n of_o denmark_n neither_o do_v the_o time_n agree_v but_o the_o danish_a historian_n will_v have_v it_o so_o and_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o seek_v for_o satisfaction_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o such_o confusion_n as_o we_o meet_v with_o in_o their_o writing_n 7._o harald_n surname_v blaatand_v succeed_v his_o father_n gormo_n in_o his_o day_n the_o dane_n throw_v up_o that_o famous_a trench_n between_o gottorp_n and_o sleswic_n call_v dannewirck_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v more_o hereafter_o 8._o sueno_n or_o svenotho_n surname_v tuiskeg_n i._n e._n fork'd-beard_n succeed_v harald_n at_o first_o he_o be_v a_o heathen_a and_o a_o severe_a persecutor_n of_o the_o christian_n but_o afterward_o he_o turn_v christian_n himself_o and_o found_v three_o bishopric_n at_o sleswic_n ripe_n and_o arhuse_v some_o say_v he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1012_o and_o be_v bury_v at_o york_n other_o make_v he_o live_v till_o the_o year_n 1014_o and_o bring_v he_o to_o his_o grave_n in_o denmark_n 9_o canutus_n the_o great_a son_n to_o sueno_n he_o be_v at_o once_o king_n of_o england_n denmark_n sweden_n norway_n slavonia_n and_o sambland_n some_o make_v he_o king_n or_o duke_n at_o least_o of_o normandy_n and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o that_o old_a distich_n which_o not_o reckon_v either_o slavonia_n or_o sambland_n a_o kingdom_n bring_v he_o in_o thus_o speak_v of_o himself_o facta_fw-la mihi_fw-la magni_fw-la pepererunt_fw-la inclyta_fw-la nomen_fw-la quinque_fw-la sub_fw-la imperio_fw-la regna_fw-la fuere_fw-la meo_fw-la he_o be_v bury_v at_o winchester_n in_o the_o year_n 1036_o after_o he_o have_v be_v twenty-seven_o year_n king_n of_o denmark_n twentyfour_o of_o england_n and_o seven_o of_o norway_n leave_v the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n to_o his_o son_n 10._o hardicnute_a who_o within_o four_o year_n obtain_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n harald_n here_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1041_o and_o be_v bury_v by_o his_o father_n in_o the_o cathedral_n at_o winchester_n 11._o magnus_n king_n of_o norway_n seize_v on_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o hardicnute_a pretend_v a_o title_n to_o it_o by_o contract_n but_o he_o enjoy_v it_o not_o long_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1048_o and_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n to_o 12._o sveno_fw-la esthret_n son_n on_o one_o vlf_n a_o english_a earl_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1074_o and_o leave_v behind_o he_o five_o son_n who_o all_o of_o they_o sit_v successive_o in_o their_o father_n throne_n 13._o harald_n sveno_n elder_a son_n hold_v the_o sceptre_n only_o two_o year_n he_o be_v a_o soft_a easy_a and_o timorous_a prince_n afraid_a to_o punish_v offender_n or_o to_o look_v a_o enemy_n in_o the_o face_n so_o that_o the_o english_a make_v use_n of_o the_o opportunity_n shake_v off_o the_o danish_a yoke_n without_o any_o considerable_a molestation_n 14._o st._n canutus_n king_n swain_n second_o son_n be_v barbarous_o murder_v in_o st._n alban_n church_n in_o odensee_n a_o city_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o funen_n whither_o he_o flee_v for_o sanctuary_n from_o the_o rage_n of_o his_o own_o subject_n in_o the_o year_n 1088_o pontanus_n say_v 1077_o the_o occasion_n be_v this_o the_o pious_a king_n command_v that_o all_o his_o subject_n shall_v pay_v tithe_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n this_o edict_n be_v represent_v to_o the_o people_n by_o his_o brother_n olaf_n who_o long_v for_o the_o crown_n as_o a_o encroachment_n upon_o the_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a whereupon_o they_o quick_o rise_v in_o open_a rebellion_n against_o their_o sovereign_n who_o to_o appease_v the_o rage_n of_o the_o rabble_n be_v martyr_v 15._o olaf_n swain_n three_o son_n upon_o the_o slaughter_n of_o his_o brother_n cnute_n which_o he_o traitorous_o have_v procure_v be_v by_o his_o follower_n unanimous_o declare_v king_n but_o his_o brother_n blood_n go_v not_o long_o unrevenged_a for_o in_o this_o king_n day_n the_o famine_n be_v so_o great_a in_o denmark_n that_o even_o the_o king_n household_n want_v bread_n olaf_n at_o last_o sensible_a that_o this_o judgement_n be_v inflict_v on_o the_o kingdom_n for_o his_o sin_n pray_v that_o god_n will_v turn_v the_o current_n of_o his_o vengeance_n from_o the_o people_n upon_o his_o head_n that_o have_v offend_v his_o prayer_n be_v hear_v and_o the_o same_o night_n in_o the_o year_n 1096_o he_o die_v hungry_a and_o miserable_a and_o the_o famine_n immediate_o abate_v 16._o eric_n swain_n four_o son_n surname_v the_o good_a for_o his_o religious_a zeal_n and_o piety_n who_o die_v in_o his_o pilgrimage_n towards_o jerusalem_n and_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o cyprus_n in_o the_o year_n 1106._o in_o his_o day_n lunden_n be_v make_v a_o archbishop_n see_v before_o which_o time_n all_o the_o danish_a bishop_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n 17._o nicolas_n sveno_n young_a son_n he_o be_v slay_v by_o the_o jute_n in_o revenge_n of_o cnute_n duke_n of_o flanders_n who_o he_o have_v cause_v to_o be_v kill_v in_o the_o church_n in_o the_o year_n
34._o christian_n i_o son_n of_o theodoric_n count_n of_o oldenburgh_n be_v elect_v king_n of_o denmark_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n christopher_n he_o be_v a_o generous_a pious_a and_o valiant_a prince_n but_o whole_o ignorant_a of_o all_o manner_n of_o learning_n he_o reduce_v the_o swede_n to_o their_o allegiance_n who_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n have_v revolt_v from_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n annex_v holstein_n to_o his_o dominion_n make_v himself_o duke_n of_o dithmar_n and_o stormar_n and_o have_v rule_v three_o and_o thirty_o year_n dye_v in_o peace_n in_o the_o year_n 1481_o and_o be_v bury_v in_o a_o chapel_n which_o he_o himself_o have_v build_v at_o roschild_n leave_v his_o crown_n to_o his_o son_n 35._o john_n who_o be_v a_o prince_n endue_v with_o all_o the_o royal_a quality_n of_o his_o father_n he_o be_v devout_a in_o exercise_n of_o religion_n temperate_a in_o diet_n grave_n in_o apparel_n and_o valiant_a in_o exploit_n of_o war_n which_o except_v only_o the_o overthrow_n he_o receive_v from_o the_o dithmarsians_n in_o the_o year_n 1500_o prove_v exceed_o successful_a he_o die_v of_o the_o plague_n at_o olburgh_n in_o the_o year_n 1513._o 35._o christian_n ii_o king_n john_n son_n who_o be_v the_o bloody_a cruel_a and_o most_o dissolute_a prince_n that_o denmark_n or_o perhaps_o any_o other_o kingdom_n ever_o see_v lindenbruch_n give_v this_o character_n of_o he_o that_o nero_n phalaris_n and_o sylla_n put_v in_o the_o scale_n against_o he_o will_v signify_v no_o more_o then_o half_a a_o ounce_n to_o a_o pound_n weight_n meursius_n report_n that_o he_o be_v bear_v with_o one_o hand_n grasp_v which_o when_o the_o midwife_n open_v she_o find_v full_a of_o blood_n this_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o his_o father_n as_o a_o certain_a prognostic_n of_o a_o bloody_a mind_n of_o which_o his_o subject_n have_v afterward_o a_o lamentable_a experience_n the_o only_a good_a he_o ever_o do_v his_o country_n be_v the_o sound_n a_o fair_a and_o establish_v a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a trade_n at_o copenhagen_n at_o last_o after_o he_o have_v by_o his_o wickedness_n throw_v himself_o out_o of_o three_o kingdom_n and_o for_o six_o and_o thirty_o year_n undergo_v the_o misery_n of_o banishment_n or_o imprisonment_n he_o die_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o kallenborg_n in_o zeeland_n in_o the_o year_n 1559._o 36._o frideric_n i._o king_n john_n brother_n succeed_v his_o nephew_n christian_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v crown_v in_o the_o year_n 1524_o he_o begin_v to_o bring_v the_o augspur_n confession_n into_o all_o the_o church_n of_o denmark_n he_o rule_v almost_o ten_o year_n in_o quietness_n and_o die_v at_o sleswig_n in_o the_o year_n 1533._o 37._o christian_n iii_o frideric_n son_n he_o perfect_v the_o reformation_n which_o his_o father_n have_v begin_v in_o the_o church_n he_o live_v and_o dye_v in_o the_o year_n 1559_o a_o prince_n of_o singular_a piety_n wisdom_n temperance_n justice_n and_o all_o royal_a virtue_n and_o leave_v behind_o a_o fair_a pattern_n of_o a_o happy_a king_n and_o good_a christian_n to_o his_o son_n 37._o frederic_n ii_o who_o have_v exact_o imitate_v his_o father_n example_n after_o a_o happy_a reign_n of_o twenty-nine_o year_n dye_v in_o his_o palace_n of_o anderscow_n in_o the_o year_n 1587._o immediate_o after_o his_o coronation_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n against_o the_o rebel_n of_o dithmar_n who_o he_o quell_v with_o small_a trouble_n afterward_o he_o wage_v war_n with_o eric_n fourteen_o king_n of_o sweden_n which_o last_v seven_o year_n the_o rest_n of_o his_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o peace_n and_o quietness_n 39_o christian_n iu_o before_o his_o father_n burial_n be_v elect_v and_o soon_o after_o crown_v king_n of_o denmark_n in_o his_o reign_n the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n ferdinand_n ii_o overrun_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o cimbrian_a chersonese_n and_o have_v once_o well_o nigh_o bring_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n under_o his_o subjection_n but_o king_n christian_n contract_v as_o it_o be_v all_o the_o exspire_a spirit_n of_o his_o realm_n make_v the_o imperialist_n at_o last_o give_v ground_n and_o bring_v they_o to_o a_o treaty_n upon_o honourable_a term_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1648_o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n 40._o frederic_n iii_o who_o receive_v as_o great_a a_o blow_n from_o the_o swede_n as_o his_o father_n have_v do_v from_o the_o german_n charles_n gustave_n the_o victorious_a king_n of_o sweden_n have_v bring_v he_o to_o that_o extremity_n as_o to_o lay_v close_a siege_n to_o copenhagen_n which_o city_n and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n will_v doubtless_o have_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n have_v not_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o most_o of_o the_o northern_a prince_n jealous_a of_o the_o grow_a power_n of_o the_o swedish_n king_n concern_v themselves_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o it_o he_o that_o desire_v a_o further_a account_n of_o the_o beginning_n continuance_n and_o end_n of_o these_o northern_a war_n may_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o accurate_a history_n of_o they_o write_v by_o r._n manley_n and_o print_v in_o the_o year_n 1670._o king_n frideric_n get_v his_o noble_n persuade_v to_o consent_n that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o norway_n shall_v be_v hereditary_a and_o be_v himself_o proclaim_v hereditary_a king_n the_o twenty-third_a day_n of_o october_n in_o the_o year_n 1660._o he_o die_v of_o a_o fever_n the_o twenty-fifth_a day_n of_o february_n 16_o 69_o 70._o and_o that_o night_n as_o be_v before_o say_v the_o nobility_n swear_v allegiance_n to_o the_o new_a king_n 41._o christian_n v._o now_o reign_v a_o valiant_a and_o active_a prince_n the_o royal_a family_n of_o denmark_n consist_v of_o the_o child_n of_o the_o king_n ãâ¦ã_o ãâ¦ã_o and_o his_o near_a relation_n together_o with_o the_o prince_n of_o sunderburg_n norburg_n gluckburg_n arnsbeck_n gottorp_n and_o ottingen_n or_o oytin_n who_o be_v all_o descend_v from_o king_n christian_n the_o three_o except_v the_o house_n of_o oytin_n and_o gottorp_n who_o be_v the_o issue_n of_o his_o brother_n adolph_n duke_n of_o sleswic_n the_o noble_n who_o never_o pretend_v to_o nor_o accept_v of_o the_o title_n of_o dukes_z earls_z or_o baron_n be_v such_o as_o have_v for_o many_o age_n have_v a_o single_a coat_n of_o arm_n belong_v to_o their_o family_n which_o they_o never_o alter_v nor_o quarter_n with_o any_o other_o there_o be_v to_o this_o day_n some_o family_n of_o the_o nobility_n in_o denmark_n as_o wren_n and_o other_o who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v at_o the_o sign_v of_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n between_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o king_n hemming_n on_o the_o eidor_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o any_o nobleman_n all_o his_o good_n movable_a and_o immovable_a be_v divide_v among_o his_o child_n so_o as_o a_o son_n have_v two_o moiety_n and_o a_o daughter_n only_o one_o by_o the_o law_n of_o denmark_n the_o king_n be_v prohibit_v to_o purchase_v any_o part_n of_o a_o nobleman_n estate_n nor_o can_v any_o of_o the_o nobility_n buy_v any_o of_o the_o crown_n land_n a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o chief_a nobleman_n at_o this_o day_n in_o denmark_n be_v give_v we_o by_o the_o author_n of_o l'estat_fw-la des_fw-fr royaume_n de_fw-fr l'europe_n in_o the_o follow_a alphabetical_a order_n achsel_n appelgard_n alefeld_n andersem_n bielke_n banner_n brach_n bilig_n below_o bild_n brokenhusem_n biorn_n beck_n blick_n bassi_n bax_n baselich_n bockowlt_n bud_n baggen_n bammelberg_n brune_n blom_n blocktorp_n breiden_n daac_n dresselberch_n dune_n duram_fw-la dam_n freze_n fassi_fw-la falster_n falcke_n guldenstern_n grub_n goce_fw-mi green_n gelschut_v gall_n gram_n grissel_n goss_n gadendorp_n grabow_n hardenberg_n holke_n hoken_n hiderstorper_n hube_n hesten_n hager_n holer_n hoeken_fw-mi hoier_n hacken_n harberger_n jul_n juensen_n juenan_n jensen_n johensen_n korwitz_n krabbe_n kaas_z krusen_n kragge_n krumpen_a krumdick_n kercberg_n karssenbrock_n koelet_n knutzen_n lange_n lindeman_n lung_n lutkem_n laxman_n lancken_n leven_n lindow_n monk_n matiessen_n marizer_n must_v matre_fw-la meinstorf_n moeten_n magnussen_n negel_n narbu_n norman_n ofren_n otten_n pasberg_n podessen_n podebussen_n papenheimb_n podwisch_n plessen_n pensen_n paisen_n petersen_n qualem_fw-la quittow_n ranzaw_v rosenkrantz_n rastorp_n ruthede_v reuter_n ruten_n rosenspart_n rosengard_n ronnow_n reventlow_n ratlow_n ritzerow_n schram_n schefeldt_n schelen_n seestedt_n stuege_n swron_n stantbeke_fw-mi split_v solle_n swaben_n santbarch_n spar_n spegel_n sturen_n suinem_fw-la staken_v stove_n siversen_n trolle_v totten_n vhrup_n vonsflet_n vantinnen_n vken_n voien_fw-fr vlstandt_n vren_n wlefeld_n walkendorp_n wipfert_n witfelt_n wogersen_n wenfsterman_n will_v worm_n walstorp_n wenfin_fw-fr wittorp_n though_o none_o of_o these_o be_v ever_o make_v duke_n knight_n knight_n marquis_n earl_n or_o baron_n yet_o it_o be_v usual_a
claim_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o treatye_n of_o roschild_n copenhagen_n and_o westphalia_n which_o by_o this_o treaty_n be_v confirm_v the_o duke_n expect_v beside_o be_v restore_v to_o his_o country_n some_o recompense_n for_o the_o damage_n he_o have_v sustain_v during_o the_o war_n and_o at_o least_o to_o have_v have_v back_o the_o canon_n be_v a_o hundred_o excellent_a brass_n piece_n which_o be_v take_v out_o of_o tunningen_n when_o it_o be_v seize_v and_o dismantle_v by_o denmark_n but_o his_o expectation_n in_o this_o point_n be_v not_o answer_v one_o of_o the_o article_n of_o the_o same_o treaty_n be_v that_o the_o country_n of_o rixingen_n belong_v to_o count_n alefelt_n chancellor_n of_o denmark_n make_v governor_n of_o holstein_n in_o the_o year_n 1663._o upon_o the_o death_n of_o christian_a earl_n of_o rantzaw_n chief_a minister_n of_o state_n to_o the_o late_a king_n frideric_n iii_o confiscate_v during_o the_o war_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o he_o ditmars_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o province_n be_v a_o remnant_n of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n and_o retain_v much_o of_o the_o prowess_n and_o heroic_a spirit_n of_o their_o ancestor_n some_o will_v have_v the_o word_n write_v deutsch_n or_o teutschmarsh_n i._n e._n the_o german_a or_o dutch_a marsh_n because_o the_o people_n be_v relic_n of_o the_o german-saxons_a and_o the_o country_n plain_a and_o fenny_a the_o ditmarssians_n be_v never_o like_o the_o wagrians_n and_o stormarians_n bring_v under_o subjection_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o holstein_n till_o that_o whole_a earldom_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n and_o though_o they_o be_v give_v by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n iii_o to_o christian_a earl_n of_o oldenburgh_n the_o first_o danish_n king_n of_o that_o house_n yet_o soon_o after_o they_o throw_v off_o this_o yoke_n and_o refuse_v to_o acknowledge_v themselves_o subject_a to_o he_o or_o his_o successor_n till_o by_o the_o valour_n and_o good_a fortune_n of_o king_n frideric_n ii_o they_o be_v vanquish_v and_o force_v to_o submit_v in_o the_o year_n 1559._o in_o this_o expedition_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n be_v assist_v by_o john_n and_o adolph_n duke_n of_o holstein_n his_o cousin-german_n whereupon_o they_o share_v the_o conquest_n with_o he_o ditmars_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n whereof_o the_o southern_a fall_v to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o the_o northern_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n the_o only_a place_n of_o note_n in_o ditmars_n be_v 1._o meldorp_n the_o chief_a town_n in_o the_o province_n seat_v on_o the_o german_a ocean_n and_o a_o place_n of_o good_a trade_n 2._o heyde_n which_o be_v a_o large_a but_o poor_a city_n on_o the_o border_n of_o the_o great_a barren_a sand_n of_o the_o same_o name_n which_o overspread_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o country_n 3._o lunden_n opposite_a to_o tonningen_n near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o eyder_n stormar_n stormar_n stormar_n or_o stormarsh_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o 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allegiance_n to_o christian_n i._o king_n of_o denmark_n acknowledge_v he_o and_o his_o successor_n their_o lawful_a lord_n but_o not_o long_o after_o they_o endeavour_v to_o throw_v off_o that_o yoke_n presume_v much_o upon_o their_o own_o strength_n and_o the_o assistance_n they_o promise_v themselves_o upon_o all_o occasion_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o hans_n to_n this_o last_o year_n 1679_o the_o present_a king_n of_o denmark_n renew_v his_o claim_n and_o come_v before_o this_o city_n with_o a_o army_n of_o sixteen_o or_o seventeen_o thousand_o man_n to_o demand_v homage_n enter_v the_o elb_n with_o fourteen_o man_n of_o war_n and_o seize_v several_a merchant-ship_n english_a and_o other_o at_o gluckstadt_n on_o the_o nine_o of_o november_n a_o agreement_n be_v sign_v between_o the_o king_n and_o this_o city_n the_o article_n of_o which_o be_v i._o that_o his_o majesty_n and_o this_o city_n shall_v remain_v unprejudiced_a in_o their_o several_a right_n and_o pretension_n and_o that_o the_o point_n of_o homage_n shall_v be_v amicable_o determine_v by_o treaty_n or_o by_o a_o ordinary_a process_n before_o the_o chamber_n of_o spire_n and_o that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n this_o city_n shall_v enjoy_v a_o neutrality_n and_o free_a commerce_n as_o former_o ii_o that_o this_o city_n with_o a_o thankful_a acknowledgement_n of_o his_o majesty_n good_a will_n towards_o they_o shall_v remain_v in_o a_o humble_a devotion_n towards_o he_o and_o shall_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n further_o his_o good_a and_o prevent_v any_o evil_n they_o know_v likely_a to_o happen_v to_o he_o iii_o that_o for_o the_o great_a manifestation_n of_o this_o their_o devotion_n this_o city_n shall_v send_v a_o formal_a deputation_n to_o his_o majesty_n iv_o that_o this_o city_n in_o consideration_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v gracious_o please_v to_o receive_v they_o again_o into_o his_o favour_n shall_v pay_v he_o 220000_o crown_n at_o four_o term_n the_o first_o payment_n to_o be_v make_v immediate_o after_o the_o ratify_v the_o recess_n the_o second_o within_o six_o month_n after_o and_o the_o three_o and_o last_o at_o the_o end_n of_o other_o six_o month_n v._o that_o his_o majesty_n shall_v quit_v all_o his_o pretension_n to_o any_o land_n which_o this_o city_n at_o present_a hold_n either_o in_o particular_a or_o in_o common_a with_o the_o city_n of_o lubeck_n shall_v release_v the_o ship_n stop_v dithmarsia_n rendesburgum_n kiel_n et_fw-fr bordesholm_n in_o occidentali_fw-la pârte_fw-la holsatiae_fw-la tabula_fw-la geographica_n novissima_fw-la ducatus_fw-la stormariae_fw-la in_o meriodionali_fw-la parte_fw-la holsatiae_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a et_fw-la mosem_fw-la pitt_n wagria_n quae_fw-la est_fw-la pars_fw-la orientalid_n holsatiae_fw-la exit_fw-la officina_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a et_fw-fr moses_n pitt_n at_o gluckstadt_n and_o shall_v ratify_v this_o recess_n within_o eight_o day_n five_o day_n after_o the_o sign_v of_o this_o interim_n recess_n so_o call_v because_o it_o leave_v both_o party_n in_o the_o same_o right_n they_o have_v before_o the_o deputy_n of_o hamburgh_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o three_o article_n wait_v on_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n at_o his_o quarter_n at_o pinneberg_n and_o be_v admit_v to_o audience_n speak_v to_o he_o in_o the_o follow_a word_n most_o serene_a and_o most_o potent_a king_n most_o gracious_a lord_n whereas_o your_o royal_a majesty_n be_v by_o the_o mercy_n of_o god_n happy_o arrive_v in_o this_o your_o dukedom_n and_o consequent_o in_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o this_o city_n of_o hamburgh_n and_o have_v cause_v proposal_n consist_v in_o three_o point_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o say_a city_n and_o have_v desire_v their_o resolution_n thereupon_o and_o whereas_o the_o first_o point_n through_o the_o shortness_n of_o time_n and_o for_o other_o reason_n can_v not_o be_v determine_v at_o present_a and_o that_o your_o majesty_n have_v therefore_o be_v gracious_o please_v to_o refer_v the_o same_o to_o a_o amicable_a agreement_n or_o to_o a_o legal_a determination_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o remove_v the_o displeasure_n you_o have_v take_v against_o the_o say_a city_n and_o by_o a_o interim_n recess_n gracious_o to_o agree_v that_o as_o well_o the_o right_n and_o pretension_n of_o your_o majesty_n as_o of_o the_o say_a city_n shall_v remain_v unprejudiced_a the_o burgermaster_n and_o raedt_n deputy_n do_v in_o the_o name_n of_o themselves_o and_o of_o all_o the_o burgher_n appear_v before_o your_o majesty_n and_o do_v promise_v faithful_o to_o observe_v the_o say_v interim_n recess_n in_o all_o its_o point_n and_o clause_n and_o particular_o to_o bear_v your_o majesty_n most_o humble_a and_o become_a devotion_n that_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n they_o will_v further_o your_o majesty_n good_a and_o hinder_v all_o ill_a and_o detriment_n from_o happen_v to_o your_o majesty_n provide_v this_o city_n be_v leave_v in_o a_o quiet_a and_o undisturbed_a enjoyment_n of_o their_o
neutrality_n and_o commerce_n and_o of_o all_o their_o right_n and_o privilege_n and_o that_o the_o right_n of_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n and_o the_o empire_n be_v maintain_v to_o which_o the_o king_n return_v they_o a_o kind_a answer_n assure_v they_o of_o his_o good_a will_n and_o that_o he_o will_v punctual_o observe_v on_o his_o part_n this_o agreement_n which_o do_v within_o a_o few_o day_n after_o the_o danish_a army_n decamp_v other_o city_n and_o town_n of_o note_n in_o stormar_n be_v 1._o gluckstadt_n build_v and_o well_o fortify_v by_o king_n christian_n iv_o who_o much_o delight_v in_o its_o pleasant_a situation_n and_o much_o improve_v by_o his_o successor_n it_o give_v sufficient_a proof_n of_o its_o strength_n soon_o after_o the_o first_o building_n of_o it_o when_o it_o withstand_v and_o beat_v back_o the_o emperor_n army_n and_o hold_v out_o a_o siege_n of_o almost_o two_o year_n continuance_n without_o yield_v at_o last_o it_o command_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o elb_n so_o that_o it_o high_o concern_v the_o hamburgher_n to_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n except_o they_o can_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o this_o fort_n and_o so_o secure_a a_o free_a passage_n both_o for_o their_o man_n of_o war_n and_o merchant-ship_n 2._o crempe_n seat_v on_o a_o small_a river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n this_o be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o key_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n and_o in_o the_o german_a war_n give_v a_o good_a testimony_n of_o its_o so_o be_v when_o in_o the_o year_n 1627._o and_o 1628._o it_o brave_o resist_v the_o fortunate_a german_a general_n count_n wallenstein_n for_o thirteen_o month_n together_o and_o at_o last_o be_v yield_v upon_o honourable_a term_n it_o owe_v the_o chief_a of_o its_o strength_n to_o king_n christian_n iu._n who_o fortify_v it_o with_o a_o wall_n and_o ditch_n 3._o itzehoa_o seat_v on_o the_o navigable_a river_n stoer_n which_o furnish_v it_o with_o plenty_n of_o fish_n and_o all_o 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at_o the_o battle_n of_o prague_n where_o the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o brave_a general_n be_v army_n throw_v down_o their_o weapon_n cry_v out_o geld_v geld_v i._n e._n money_n money_n intimate_v that_o without_o better_a pay_n they_o be_v resolve_v to_o fight_v no_o long_o and_o the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v find_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o in_o his_o late_a victory_n many_o of_o which_o even_o in_o germany_n be_v obtain_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o german_a force_n which_o desert_v their_o country_n and_o fight_v under_o his_o banner_n in_o hope_n of_o better_a pay_n than_o they_o can_v expect_v from_o the_o confederate_n the_o high_a dutch_a commander_n have_v be_v brand_v with_o ignorance_n of_o martial_a discipline_n discipline_n martial_a discipline_n and_o want_v of_o conduct_n but_o the_o many_o famous_a general_n which_o their_o country_n have_v breed_v up_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o little_a more_o than_o this_o last_o century_n have_v take_v off_o that_o 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abound_v it_o be_v the_o fashion_n in_o many_o of_o the_o prince_n court_n to_o hang_v up_o the_o picture_n of_o such_o huge_a boar_n as_o have_v be_v take_v by_o they_o which_o be_v near_o akin_a to_o the_o custom_n practise_v by_o some_o of_o our_o english_a gentry_n of_o hang_v up_o the_o skin_n of_o fox_n and_o badger_n and_o antler_n of_o stag_n in_o their_o hall_n in_o the_o winter_n when_o the_o snow_n lie_v thick_a on_o the_o ground_n they_o have_v a_o custom_n in_o city_n and_o great_a town_n to_o ride_v round_o the_o street_n in_o sledge_n which_o be_v shape_v much_o like_o the_o sella_n curulis_fw-la or_o triumphal_a chariot_n among_o the_o roman_n if_o the_o writer_n of_o the_o latin_a antiquity_n have_v describe_v it_o right_n and_o draw_v by_o a_o horse_n rich_o trap_v with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o little_a bell_n and_o feather_n of_o divers_a colour_n tacitus_n report_v of_o the_o ancient_a german_n game_n game_n that_o they_o be_v immoderate_a player_n at_o die_n 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gustavus_n selenus_n write_v a_o incomparable_a treatise_n concern_v chess-play_n in_o the_o german_a tongue_n wherein_o he_o give_v a_o learned_a
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eat_v too_o much_o of_o a_o melon_n though_o he_o be_v never_o tax_v for_o be_v guilty_a of_o any_o manner_n of_o intemperance_n in_o meat_n or_o drink_n but_o always_o esteem_v a_o severe_a punisher_n of_o drunkenness_n and_o gluttony_n 1493._o maximilian_n succeed_v his_o father_n frideric_n have_v be_v before_o his_o father_n death_n crown_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o year_n 1486._o from_o his_o birth_n till_o he_o be_v almost_o nine_o year_n old_a he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v utter_o speechless_a but_o afterward_o he_o gain_v the_o use_n of_o his_o tongue_n and_o prove_v one_o of_o the_o most_o eloquent_a and_o learned_a emperor_n that_o germany_n ever_o breed_v he_o marry_v mary_n the_o only_a daughter_n and_o heiress_n of_o charles_n duke_n of_o burgundy_n upon_o which_o marriage_n all_o the_o dukedom_n marquisat_n earldom_n and_o other_o dominion_n of_o which_o the_o say_a charles_n have_v be_v lord_n be_v for_o ever_o annex_v to_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n the_o war_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o against_o his_o neighbour_n on_o all_o hand_n especial_o the_o venetian_n be_v almost_o innumerable_a though_o for_o the_o most_o part_n he_o be_v force_v to_o take_v up_o arm_n in_o his_o own_o defence_n it_o be_v report_v of_o he_o that_o he_o will_v never_o pass_v by_o a_o gallow_n or_o gibbet_n without_o a_o reverend_a salute_n in_o these_o word_n salve_fw-la sancta_fw-la justitia_fw-la for_o five_o year_n before_o his_o death_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o twenty-fifth_a year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o have_v his_o coffin_n always_o by_o he_o and_o carry_v after_o he_o in_o every_o expedition_n he_o undertake_v which_o give_v some_o of_o his_o retinue_n occasion_n to_o conjecture_v that_o he_o have_v some_o great_a treasure_n in_o it_o and_o that_o the_o pretence_n of_o its_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o mortality_n be_v only_o a_o false_a veil_n to_o blind_v the_o vulgar_a 1519._o charles_n v._o son_n to_o philip_n king_n of_o spain_n be_v elect_v emperor_n and_o crown_v with_o the_o great_a pomp_n imaginable_a at_o aix_n la_fw-fr chappel_n a_o puissant_a and_o brave_a prince_n who_o well_o deserve_v the_o surname_n of_o great_a confer_v on_o he_o by_o pope_n paul_n iii_o the_o whole_a history_n of_o his_o life_n seem_v to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o catalogue_n of_o his_o conquest_n the_o writer_n of_o those_o time_n mention_v forty_o great_a victory_n obtain_v by_o he_o and_o seventy_o battle_n from_o which_o he_o come_v off_o the_o field_n a_o conqueror_n the_o pope_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o french_a king_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n his_o prisoner_n he_o quash_v the_o league_n make_v by_o the_o protestant_n at_o schmalcade_n and_o take_v the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o landtgrave_n of_o hassia_n prisoner_n he_o force_v the_o great_a turk_n to_o relinquish_v vienna_n and_o afterward_o win_v the_o kingdom_n of_o tunis_n at_o last_o have_v reign_v thirty-eight_a year_n load_v with_o victory_n and_o honour_n he_o resign_v the_o empire_n and_o betake_v himself_o to_o a_o monastery_n where_o he_o be_v use_v to_o say_v that_o he_o have_v more_o pleasure_n and_o satisfaction_n in_o the_o retire_a and_o solitary_a enjoyment_n of_o one_o day_n in_o a_o monk_n cell_n than_o ever_o he_o can_v perceive_v in_o all_o the_o fortunate_a triumph_n that_o attend_v the_o rest_n of_o his_o life_n 1558._o ferdinand_n i._o upon_o the_o voluntary_a resignation_n of_o his_o brother_n charles_n v._o be_v by_o a_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o elector_n declare_v emperor_n though_o pope_n pius_n iv_o refuse_v to_o pronounce_v the_o election_n valid_a because_o ferdinand_n have_v grant_v the_o lutheran_n a_o toleration_n but_o some_o say_v the_o same_o pope_n be_v afterward_o so_o far_o reconcile_v to_o he_o as_o to_o grant_v he_o the_o privilege_n of_o receive_v the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o lord_n supper_n in_o both_o kind_n he_o be_v a_o mild_a peaceful_a and_o temperate_a prince_n a_o hard_a student_n and_o perfect_a master_n of_o the_o latin_a tongue_n he_o be_v exceed_v courteous_a to_o all_o even_o the_o mean_a of_o his_o subject_n and_o have_v a_o certain_a hour_n in_o every_o day_n in_o which_o he_o attend_v the_o suit_n and_o complaint_n of_o poor_a man_n when_o some_o of_o his_o courtier_n object_v to_o he_o the_o inconvenience_n that_o will_v follow_v upon_o the_o permission_n of_o so_o easy_a a_o access_n to_o all_o manner_n of_o supplicant_n he_o answer_v that_o himself_o can_v expect_v but_o harsh_a usage_n at_o god_n throne_n if_o beggar_n be_v hinder_v from_o approach_v his_o he_o die_v of_o a_o catarrh_n in_o the_o sixty-first_a year_n of_o his_o age_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v six_o year_n 1564._o maximilian_n ii_o ferdinand_n son_n and_o king_n of_o bohemia_n be_v elect_v into_o his_o father_n room_n be_v first_o proclaim_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n at_o francfurt_n and_o afterward_o crown_v king_n of_o hungary_n this_o emperor_n prove_v as_o great_a a_o favourer_n of_o the_o protestant_n as_o his_o father_n insomuch_o that_o some_o roman_a catholic_o have_v not_o stick_v to_o call_v he_o the_o lutheran_n emperor_n he_o renew_v the_o article_n of_o peace_n agree_v upon_o between_o the_o protestant_n and_o popish_a party_n at_o passaw_n and_o grant_v some_o of_o his_o nobility_n and_o branch_n of_o the_o austrian_a family_n a_o free_a exercise_n of_o the_o lutheran_n religion_n qui_fw-la in_o conscientiis_fw-la imperium_fw-la sibi_fw-la sumunt_fw-la conantur_fw-la coeli_fw-la arcem_fw-la invadere_fw-la be_v a_o say_n which_o historian_n know_v not_o whither_o to_o attribute_v to_o this_o emperor_n or_o maximilian_n i._n but_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a it_o be_v the_o former_n since_o he_o be_v know_v to_o have_v be_v the_o great_a favourer_n of_o the_o protestant_a persuasion_n that_o ever_o rule_v the_o german_a empire_n he_o die_v at_o ratisbon_n in_o the_o year_n 1576_o have_v reign_v twelve_o year_n 1576._o rudolph_n 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protestant_n lie_v under_o have_v occasion_v some_o dangerous_a sedition_n in_o a_o great_a many_o considerable_a city_n and_o market-town_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n the_o emperor_n order_v a_o synod_n to_o be_v call_v at_o prague_n design_v to_o allow_v the_o dissent_v party_n as_o they_o term_v the_o lutheran_n some_o small_a privilege_n but_o such_o as_o shall_v be_v far_o short_a of_o the_o large_a charter_n give_v and_o confirm_v to_o they_o by_o his_o brother_n rudolph_n at_o this_o meeting_n the_o emperor_n ambassador_n william_n slabate_v and_o jurislaw_n bazius_n where_o throw_v out_o of_o the_o window_n for_o their_o domineer_a carriage_n and_o so_o perish_v this_o mighty_o incense_v the_o emperor_n who_o endeavour_v to_o be_v revenge_v have_v like_a to_o have_v ruin_v himself_o and_o his_o empire_n he_o die_v without_o issue_n have_v reign_v seven_o year_n 1619._o ferdinand_n of_o gratz_n archduke_n of_o austria_n and_o grandson_n to_o ferdinand_n i._o by_o
teutonici_fw-la or_o the_o dutch_a knight_n though_o in_o all_o likelihood_n the_o order_n have_v this_o name_n before_o it_o be_v bring_v into_o these_o part_n consist_v at_o its_o first_o institution_n chief_o of_o german_n be_v call_v into_o prussia_n say_v some_o by_o the_o muscovite_n or_o as_o other_o send_v thither_o by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n ii_o they_o seat_v themselves_o at_o marienberg_n about_o the_o year_n 1340_o after_o a_o long_a engagement_n in_o a_o bloody_a war_n against_o the_o native_n under_o the_o thirteen_o great_a master_n of_o their_o order_n sigefrid_n de_fw-fr feuchtwangen_n in_o the_o year_n 1450_o they_o be_v force_v to_o submit_v to_o casimir_n iv_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o at_o last_o the_o order_n be_v surrender_v by_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o thirtyfifth_a and_o last_o great_a master_n of_o the_o order_n to_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n who_o thereupon_o create_v he_o duke_n of_o prussia_n such_o of_o the_o knight_n as_o 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generosa_fw-la be_v render_v by_o þ_n aeðele_n or_o a_o noble_a woman_n indeed_o aetheling_n etheling_n or_o adeling_o be_v common_o use_v by_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n to_o denote_v the_o king_n elder_a son_n or_o heir_n apparent_a to_o the_o crown_n who_o afterward_o get_v the_o title_n of_o prince_n of_o wales_n hence_o edgar_n etheling_n so_o often_o name_v in_o our_o english_a historian_n have_v his_o surname_n which_o robert_n of_o gloucester_n in_o his_o poem_n upon_o king_n harold_n a_o manuscript_n copy_n of_o which_o may_v be_v see_v in_o sir_n john_n cotton_n library_n explain_v thus_o the_o good_a tryeweman_n of_o the_o lond_n will_v aabbe_v ymade_a king_n the_o kind_a eir_n the_o young_a child_n edgar_n atheling_n wo_n so_o be_v next_o king_n by_o kunde_n i_o clupe_v he_o atheling_n thervore_fw-la i_o clupe_v he_o so_o warrant_v by_o kunde_n he_o be_v king_n but_o if_o we_o search_v into_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o word_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o aeðeling_n be_v 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can_v be_v expect_v that_o where_o the_o doctrine_n be_v so_o dissonant_n there_o shall_v be_v a_o uniformity_n in_o church_n discipline_n the_o intolerable_a greatness_n which_o the_o roman_a church_n have_v usurp_v in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o emperor_n dominion_n be_v the_o first_o thing_n which_o render_v it_o uneasy_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o unexpected_a change_n when_o luther_n opinion_n have_v prevail_v with_o so_o many_o of_o the_o great_a prince_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o see_v bishopric_n convert_v into_o secular_a principality_n and_o a_o new_a form_n of_o church-government_n set_v up_o instead_o of_o episcopal_a dignity_n which_o have_v be_v so_o much_o abuse_v the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n church_n prelate_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n who_o to_o this_o day_n bear_v rule_n in_o such_o part_n of_o germany_n as_o have_v not_o embrace_v either_o luther_n or_o calvin_n doctrine_n have_v more_o power_n and_o exercise_v a_o great_a authority_n in_o their_o several_a bishopric_n than_o any_o other_o prelate_n in_o christendom_n most_o of_o they_o be_v great_a prince_n and_o challenge_v as_o absolute_a a_o dominion_n over_o the_o temporality_n of_o their_o diocese_n as_o any_o secular_a elector_n can_v pretend_v to_o over_o his_o own_o land_n and_o inheritance_n heretofore_o beside_o the_o three_o ecclesiastical_a elector_n there_o be_v five_o archbishop_n and_o thirty_o bishop_n that_o have_v seat_n and_o voice_n in_o the_o assembly_n and_o diet_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o their_o number_n have_v exceed_o decrease_v of_o late_a since_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o magdeburg_n bremen_n and_o riga_n together_o with_o the_o bishopric_n of_o halberstadt_n minden_n and_o werden_n have_v be_v change_v into_o secular_a principality_n those_o also_o of_o besanson_n verdun_n mets_n and_o toul_n cut_v off_o from_o the_o empire_n and_o inseparable_o unite_v to_o the_o territory_n of_o spain_n and_o france_n and_o last_o those_o of_o valesia_n losanna_n and_o chur_n abolish_v by_o the_o swiss_n insomuch_o that_o at_o present_a in_o the_o college_n of_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n only_o the_o archbishop_n of_o saltzburg_n beside_o the_o ecclesiastical_a elector_n and_o about_o twenty_o bishop_n have_v vote_n by_o this_o secularize_v three_o archbishopric_n and_o six_o bishopric_n the_o protestant_a prince_n some_o of_o they_o at_o least_o have_v lose_v the_o opportunity_n of_o provide_v for_o their_o young_a brethren_n in_o as_o plentiful_a a_o manner_n as_o they_o can_v have_v do_v before_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n for_o whilst_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o magdeburg_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n that_o of_o bremen_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o spiritual_a dignity_n which_o be_v now_o cut_v off_o from_o the_o church_n be_v in_o the_o gift_n of_o other_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n considerable_a maintenance_n be_v provide_v for_o many_o young_a duke_n and_o count_n who_o at_o this_o time_n can_v
the_o misery_n be_v which_o their_o own_o dissension_n bring_v upon_o they_o but_o also_o learn_v in_o what_o condition_n the_o empire_n be_v after_o the_o ratification_n of_o the_o say_v westphalian_a treaty_n first_o then_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o imperialist_n shall_v pay_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n five_o million_o of_o gold_n to_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o war_n one_o three_o part_n whereof_o be_v afterward_o lay_v out_o in_o pay_v off_o and_o disband_v some_o of_o the_o swedish_n force_n another_o be_v give_v away_o in_o reward_n to_o such_o officer_n as_o have_v show_v their_o gallantry_n in_o the_o war_n and_o the_o three_o be_v dispose_v of_o in_o liberality_n by_o the_o queen_n beside_o this_o money_n the_o empire_n quit_v and_o annex_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n all_o the_o hither_o pomeren_fw-mi with_o the_o island_n and_o principality_n of_o rugen_n the_o city_n of_o stetin_n gart_n dam_n holnau_n the_o isle_n of_o wollin_n the_o river_n oder_fw-ge and_o the_o part_n of_o frischehaff_n the_o collation_n of_o all_o the_o ecclesiastical_a benefice_n which_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n challenge_v before_o the_o treaty_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o camin_n with_o the_o reversion_n of_o that_o bishopric_n nay_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o pomerania_n and_o the_o new_a marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n in_o case_n the_o heir_n male_a of_o that_o family_n shall_v happen_v to_o fail_v add_v to_o these_o wismar_n a_o strong_a port-town_n on_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o fortress_n of_o walfisch_n the_o bailiwic_n of_o poel_n and_o neucloster_n and_o last_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o bremen_n and_o bishopric_n of_o werden_n both_o convert_v into_o dukedom_n together_o with_o the_o city_n and_o bailiwic_n of_o wilshausen_n so_o that_o by_o that_o treaty_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n get_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o bremen_n werden_n and_o pomeren_n prince_n of_o rugen_n and_o lord_n of_o wismar_n and_o in_o all_o these_o land_n and_o territory_n have_v supreme_a power_n and_o authority_n to_o erect_a university_n set_v impost_n upon_o all_o commodity_n either_o export_v or_o import_v and_o the_o like_a pay_v only_o to_o the_o emperor_n a_o small_a homage_n as_o be_v do_v by_o other_o great_a prince_n of_o the_o empire_n ii_o to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o his_o successor_n for_o ever_o be_v give_v by_o the_o same_o treaty_n the_o city_n and_o bishopric_n of_o metz_n toul_n and_o verdun_n with_o moyenvic_n pignerol_n brisac_n the_o landtgravedom_n of_o alsatia_n the_o bailiwic_n of_o haguenau_n and_o the_o fortress_n of_o philipsburg_n by_o this_o bargain_n the_o french_a be_v great_a gainer_n and_o the_o emperor_n lose_v not_o much_o the_o former_a beside_o the_o considerable_a enlargement_n of_o their_o territory_n cut_v off_o all_o possibility_n of_o the_o spaniard_n unite_n his_o italian_a force_n with_o those_o in_o the_o low_a country_n which_o may_v easy_o be_v do_v as_o long_o as_o alsace_n and_o lorain_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o archduke_n of_o austria_n the_o late_a by_o give_v up_o his_o right_n in_o alsace_n make_v the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n hereditary_a to_o his_o house_n and_o therefore_o catch_v as_o much_o with_o one_o hand_n as_o he_o lose_v on_o the_o other_o what_o the_o acquisition_n or_o loss_n of_o particular_a prince_n be_v we_o shall_v take_v occasion_n to_o show_v in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o several_a principality_n which_o they_o now_o possess_v we_o see_v into_o what_o condition_n the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n be_v bring_v by_o engage_v himself_o in_o a_o civil_a war_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o his_o empire_n estate_n present_a estate_n how_o much_o of_o his_o dominion_n be_v snatch_v away_o by_o the_o swede_n on_o the_o one_o hand_n and_o the_o french_a on_o the_o other_o this_o be_v the_o posture_n of_o the_o german_a affair_n till_o the_o late_a war_n with_o france_n and_o sweden_n alter_v the_o scene_n for_o the_o french_a enlarge_v their_o conquest_n in_o the_o german_a territory_n and_o the_o swede_n lose_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o dominion_n which_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n have_v make_v they_o master_n of_o and_o more_o they_o have_v part_v with_o if_o the_o overgrow_a power_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o french_a king_n have_v not_o force_v the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n to_o resign_v a_o great_a many_o place_n which_o he_o have_v brave_o win_v how_o matter_n will_v at_o last_o be_v adjust_v between_o france_n and_o the_o empire_n be_v hard_o to_o determine_v since_o the_o french_a king_n lay_v claim_v daily_o to_o some_o new_a right_n or_o privilege_n in_o the_o emperor_n dominion_n however_o strasburg_n be_v still_o reckon_v the_o imperial_a bulwark_n against_o the_o french_a fury_n as_o it_o have_v always_o be_v esteem_v notwithstanding_o the_o pretension_n of_o their_o king_n to_o several_a right_n of_o this_o city_n and_o as_o the_o empire_n seem_v secure_v from_o any_o sudden_a incursion_n of_o the_o french_a by_o strasburgh_n so_o it_o be_v from_o all_o invasion_n of_o the_o turk_n by_o vienna_n of_o the_o polander_n by_o wratislaw_n of_o the_o dane_n by_o hamburgh_n and_o lubeck_n and_o of_o the_o hollander_n by_o colln_v so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o great_a fear_n of_o be_v injure_v by_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n if_o all_o the_o german_a prince_n will_v unanimous_o join_v hand_n in_o defend_v the_o strong_a hold_n and_o secure_v the_o bound_n of_o that_o empire_n whereof_o they_o pretend_v to_o be_v member_n but_o as_o long_o as_o each_o petty_a prince_n be_v only_o solicitous_a about_o the_o enlargement_n of_o his_o own_o small_a demesne_n and_o the_o strong_a permit_v to_o annex_v as_o much_o of_o their_o neighbour_n territory_n to_o their_o own_o as_o they_o can_v lay_v their_o hand_n on_o the_o german_a empire_n be_v in_o great_a danger_n of_o be_v destroy_v by_o its_o own_o member_n the_o elector_n indeed_o and_o all_o the_o other_o great_a prince_n of_o the_o empire_n pay_v some_o small_a homage_n and_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o emperor_n but_o all_o the_o while_n exercise_n as_o absolute_a a_o monarchical_a dominion_n in_o their_o several_a principality_n as_o the_o emperor_n himself_o do_v in_o austria_n or_o bohemia_n so_o that_o germany_n be_v not_o real_o a_o nation_n subject_n to_o one_o supreme_a head_n and_o governor_n but_o a_o combination_n of_o several_a little_a commonwealth_n and_o kingdom_n who_o general_a inteterest_n consist_v in_o maintain_v a_o inviolable_a confefederacy_n among_o themselves_o and_o a_o unanimous_a desire_n to_o secure_v rather_o than_o enlarge_v their_o dominion_n in_o a_o word_n the_o foreign_a interest_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o speak_v in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o incomparable_a sir_n william_n temple_n be_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o eastern_a part_n against_o the_o turk_n and_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o western_a circle_n against_o the_o growth_n of_o france_n the_o domestic_a be_v the_o limit_a constitution_n of_o the_o imperial_a power_n and_o the_o balance_n of_o the_o several_a free_a prince_n and_o state_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o hans-town_n before_o we_o come_v to_o a_o particular_a description_n of_o hamburgh_n and_o other_o great_a city_n on_o the_o northern_a and_o western_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n it_o will_v be_v convenient_a to_o premise_v something_o of_o the_o hans-town_n in_o general_a that_o the_o reader_n may_v the_o better_o understand_v what_o we_o mean_v by_o that_o word_n when_o he_o shall_v meet_v with_o it_o in_o the_o follow_a sheet_n by_o hans-town_n then_o the_o german_a writer_n understand_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o great_a city_n all_o along_o the_o seashore_n from_o the_o finnic_a bay_n down_o as_o far_o as_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o rhine_n which_o several_a age_n ago_o enter_v into_o a_o solemn_a confederacy_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o trade_n and_o the_o better_a security_n of_o their_o territory_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o any_o foreign_a enemy_n in_o what_o year_n this_o league_n be_v make_v confederate_a when_o foââ_n confederate_a be_v not_o certain_o know_v and_o chytreus_n who_o be_v as_o diligent_a and_o curious_a in_o inquire_v after_o these_o kind_n of_o antiquity_n as_o any_o historian_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n tell_v we_o that_o very_o few_o of_o the_o old_a record_n he_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o any_o of_o the_o hans-town_n can_v give_v he_o the_o least_o hint_n of_o the_o year_n when_o they_o be_v admit_v into_o that_o number_n however_o he_o guess_v the_o society_n be_v first_o institute_v a_o little_a before_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n ii_o about_o the_o year_n 1200._o and_o the_o noble_a historian_n thuanus_n embrace_v his_o opinion_n in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o most_o other_o particular_n of_o the_o german_a history_n which_o he_o meddle_v with_o john_n angelius_n werdenhagen_n a_o impertinent_a author_n who_o have_v scribble_v four_a
large_a tomes_n de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la publ_n anseaticis_fw-la give_v no_o positive_a account_n of_o the_o first_o original_n of_o this_o confederacy_n but_o seem_v to_o bring_v it_o down_o from_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n surname_v the_o lion_n henry_n suderman_n who_o be_v sometime_o counsellor_n to_o the_o hans-town_n fetch_v its_o institution_n far_o further_o than_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o thirteen_o century_n or_o late_a end_n of_o the_o twelve_o which_o be_v the_o time_n usual_o pitch_v upon_o by_o other_o historian_n with_o how_o little_a probability_n these_o opinion_n be_v back_v be_v easy_a to_o observe_v though_o perhaps_o after_o the_o most_o diligent_a enquiry_n we_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o guess_v right_n ourselves_o for_o lubeck_n have_v be_v always_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o chief_a of_o all_o the_o hans-town_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n their_o high_a court_n of_o judicature_n be_v keep_v there_o therefore_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a that_o this_o city_n be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o that_o enter_v into_o that_o solemn_a league_n and_o covenant_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o lubeck_n be_v only_o build_v towards_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o twelve_o century_n and_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o imagine_v that_o this_o town_n and_o hamburg_n will_v enter_v into_o any_o such_o league_n as_o long_o as_o they_o be_v under_o the_o yoke_n of_o the_o then_o inconsiderable_a king_n of_o denmark_n which_o they_o do_v not_o shake_v off_o before_o the_o year_n 1226._o beside_o if_o lubeck_n be_v then_o one_o of_o the_o hans-town_n we_o shall_v meet_v with_o a_o account_n of_o some_o succour_n send_v she_o when_o she_o be_v engage_v in_o war_n against_o waldemar_n and_o his_o two_o son_n eric_n abel_n and_o christopher_n king_n of_o denmark_n which_o be_v end_v about_o the_o year_n 1259_o and_o yet_o no_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n mention_n any_o such_o thing_n we_o may_v therefore_o probable_o enough_o conclude_v that_o the_o say_v city_n enter_v not_o into_o any_o confederacy_n till_o after_o the_o sixti_v year_n of_o the_o thirteen_o century_n at_o which_o time_n peace_n be_v first_o conclude_v with_o the_o dane_n and_o trade_n begin_v to_o be_v improve_v in_o these_o part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n what_o angelius_n report_v of_o his_o have_v see_v some_o charter_n and_o privilege_n grant_v to_o the_o unite_a hans-town_n which_o be_v date_v in_o the_o year_n 1194_o be_v as_o little_a to_o be_v credit_v as_o the_o story_n which_o other_o of_o the_o german_a historian_n relate_v of_o our_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o grant_v of_o large_a privilege_n to_o the_o same_o city_n in_o the_o 1206_o whereas_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o this_o prince_n be_v not_o advance_v to_o his_o father_n throne_n before_o the_o year_n 1216_o and_o be_v then_o only_o nine_o year_n of_o age_n polydor_z virgil_n to_o who_o we_o know_v what_o credit_n to_o give_v in_o those_o particular_n especial_o wherein_o he_o dissent_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o our_o english_a historian_n witness_v indeed_o for_o these_o man_n that_o henry_n the_o three_o do_v grant_v some_o such_o kind_n of_o privilege_n to_o the_o hans-town_n as_o they_o mention_v but_o the_o same_o author_n will_v tell_v they_o that_o this_o king_n reign_v till_o the_o year_n 1273._o and_o angelius_n when_o he_o come_v to_o ransack_v old_a norwegian_a paper_n for_o testimony_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o society_n can_v produce_v nothing_o of_o unquestionable_a authority_n as_o he_o phrase_n it_o write_v before_o the_o year_n 1278._o afterward_o when_o he_o come_v to_o give_v we_o a_o short_a compendium_n of_o their_o law_n which_o he_o have_v transcribe_v out_o of_o domannus_n the_o old_a among_o they_o do_v not_o bear_v date_n beyond_o the_o year_n 1312._o so_o that_o possible_o this_o company_n be_v no_o proper_a body_n politic_a before_o that_o time_n but_o the_o german_a historian_n differ_v as_o much_o in_o assign_v the_o 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navigation_n and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o sole_a end_n of_o their_o enter_v into_o a_o league_n and_o not_o the_o secure_n of_o their_o territory_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n which_o some_o city_n upon_o the_o rhine_n propose_v to_o themselves_o upon_o their_o enter_v into_o the_o like_a confederacy_n they_o prove_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o chytraeus_n and_o crantzius_n who_o be_v author_n of_o good_a credit_n and_o authority_n 2._o other_o bring_v the_o word_n from_o hansa_n which_o in_o the_o old_a high_a dutch_a tongue_n signify_v a_o common_a council_n thence_o the_o greek_a word_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d mat._n xxvi_o 4._o which_o our_o english_a interpreter_n have_v render_v they_o consult_v be_v in_o some_o ancient_a dutch_a version_n translate_v sie_n haben_fw-ge ein_fw-ge hansa_n gemacht_fw-ge 3._o wehner_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o old_a charter_n of_o some_o of_o these_o city_n instead_o of_o hanse-stadte_a as_o the_o german_n nowadays_o usual_o write_v the_o 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a_o prince_n of_o a_o peaceable_a temper_n and_o the_o like_a and_o the_o ordinary_a name_n of_o hans_n use_v at_o this_o day_n all_o germany_n over_o be_v not_o as_o many_o think_v a_o contraction_n of_o johannes_n but_o a_o part_n of_o those_o other_o abovementioned_a but_o at_o present_a hans_n be_v not_o so_o honourable_a a_o title_n as_o former_o for_o the_o german_n call_v a_o impertinent_a meddle_v fellow_n such_o as_o the_o old_a latin_n will_v have_v name_v ardelio_n and_o the_o greek_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d hans_n in_o allen_a gassen_a and_o hans_n unmuht_v hans_fw-ge filtzmaul_fw-mi hans_n sparmund_v praal_n hans_n baver-hans_n and_o the_o like_a be_v look_v upon_o as_o nickname_n of_o the_o high_a ignominy_n and_o disgrace_n it_o will_v be_v worth_a a_o critical_a etymologist_n while_n to_o inquire_v whether_o the_o word_n hans_n among_o other_o of_o its_o signification_n do_v not_o denote_v something_o relate_v to_o trade_n and_o merchandise_n since_o to_o this_o day_n he_o that_o determine_v as_o judge_n all_o controversy_n among_o the_o merchant_n and_o tradesman_n of_o ratisbon_n be_v call_v hans-graff_n the_o hans-town_n of_o germany_n be_v usual_o divide_v into_o four_o circle_n number_n number_n distinguish_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o four_o principal_a city_n among_o they_o viz._n lubeck_n colln_v brunswic_n and_o dantzig_n to_o the_o circle_n of_o lubeck_n belong_v the_o city_n of_o hamburg_n rostock_n wismar_n stralsund_n lunenburg_n stetin_n anclam_n golnau_n gripswald_n colberg_n stargard_n stolpe_n etc._n etc._n to_o that_o of_o colln_v wesel_n duissburg_n emmerick_n warburg_n vnna_n hammen_n munster_n minden_n osnabrug_n dortmund_n sost_n herford_n paderborn_n limgow_n billefeld_n warberg_n lippstadt_n cossfeld_n nimwegen_n sutphen_n rurnmund_n arnheim_n venloh_n elburg_n harderwic_n thiela_n bommel_n deventer_n campen_n swol_n groningen_n bolsswerder_n gorcum_n hinlopen_fw-la staveren_fw-mi embden_n briel_n wieringen_n middelburg_n and_o some_o more_o of_o less_o note_n to_o
for_o some_o time_n inhabit_v that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o border_v on_o the_o euxin_n sea_n at_o last_o they_o pass_v through_o the_o hercynian_a wood_n into_o germany_n and_o give_v the_o name_n of_o sacasena_n afterward_o turn_v into_o saxonia_n to_o the_o country_n that_o here_o by_o their_o conquest_n they_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o strabo_n indeed_o say_v and_o we_o may_v believe_v he_o that_o the_o sacae_n do_v leave_v their_o ancient_a scythian_a seat_n and_o mr._n cambden_n observe_v well_o that_o ptolemy_n place_n his_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d near_o that_o part_n of_o scythia_n whence_o these_o man_n be_v say_v to_o have_v sally_v out_o but_o that_o they_o ever_o pass_v the_o hercynean_a wood_n be_v one_o of_o goropius_n forgery_n and_o a_o story_n not_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o strabo_n or_o any_o other_o author_n of_o credit_n i_o wonder_v most_o that_o mr._n cambden_n who_o be_v so_o great_a a_o master_n of_o our_o old_a english-saxon_a tongue_n shall_v not_o discern_v the_o absurdity_n of_o this_o etymology_n for_o in_o that_o language_n saex_n in_o the_o singular_a number_n signify_v a_o saxon_a as_o well_o as_o sachs_n to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o high_a dutch_a dialect_n and_o seax_n seaxna_fw-la and_o seaxena_fw-la as_o also_o the_o modern_a dutch_a word_n sachsen_n and_o sassen_n be_v plural_n now_o if_o seax_n and_o seaxen_a be_v only_o break_v remnant_n of_o sacson_n and_o sacsone_n we_o shall_v in_o all_o probability_n meet_v with_o the_o entire_a word_n in_o some_o of_o our_o ancient_a saxon_a monument_n which_o can_v never_o yet_o be_v produce_v by_o the_o best_a of_o antiquary_n wherefore_o to_o omit_v other_o impertinence_n of_o this_o kind_n the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n be_v that_o the_o saxon_n have_v their_o name_n from_o a_o short_a kind_n of_o weapon_n call_v in_o their_o language_n seax_n different_a from_o what_o any_o other_o german_n wear_v and_o peculiar_a only_o to_o their_o own_o nation_n in_o confirmation_n of_o this_o conjecture_n some_o of_o our_o english_a historian_n give_v we_o a_o relation_n of_o a_o treacherous_a parley_n betwixt_o hengist_n the_o first_o saxon_n that_o land_v in_o britain_n and_o king_n vortigern_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o both_o party_n shall_v meet_v on_o salisbury-plain_a unarm_v but_o the_o saxon_n intend_v nothing_o but_o treachery_n carry_v private_o under_o their_o coat_n short_a dagger_n which_o upon_o the_o watchword_n nem_fw-la eowr_n seax_n or_o take_v your_o seax_n they_o immediate_o draw_v out_o these_o weapon_n and_o slay_v no_o less_o than_o three_o hundred_o of_o the_o british_a nobility_n the_o like_a story_n and_o as_o equal_o true_a some_o of_o the_o german_a writer_n relate_v of_o a_o treacherous_a massacre_n commit_v by_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n in_o thuringen_n pontanus_n urge_v the_o reasonableness_n of_o this_o etymology_n more_o home_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o saxony_n in_o its_o ancient_a arm_n bear_v two_o seax_n or_o hanger_n cross-way_n which_o say_v he_o be_v a_o undoubted_a proof_n of_o their_o first_o denomination_n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o erkenwyn_n king_n of_o the_o east_n saxon_n give_v for_o his_o arm_n three_o short_a dagger_n argent_fw-fr in_o a_o field_n gules_a a_o since_o be_v still_o call_v saisen_v in_o the_o netherlands_o and_o scher-sax_n in_o the_o high_a dutch_a signify_v as_o much_o as_o ein_fw-mi messer_n damit_v man_n scheret_fw-la a_o razor_n wormius_n tell_v we_o that_o sages_n or_o saks_n in_o the_o runic_a dialect_n signify_v a_o sword_n or_o dagger_n who_o hilt_n and_o blade_n be_v almost_o of_o equal_a length_n nor_o be_v it_o at_o all_o extraordinary_a for_o people_n to_o take_v their_o name_n from_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o weapon_n use_v by_o they_o in_o battle_n thus_o most_o learned_a man_n agree_v that_o the_o scythian_n have_v their_o name_n from_o the_o teutonic_n word_n scytan_n to_o shoot_v because_o they_o be_v excellent_a bowman_n the_o picard_n be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v first_o call_v by_o that_o name_n from_o pike_n a_o sort_n of_o weapon_n they_o best_o understand_v we_o may_v therefore_o venture_v to_o conclude_v with_o the_o latin_a rythm_n of_o the_o learned_a engelhus_o quip_n brevis_fw-la gladius_fw-la apud_fw-la illos_fw-la saxa_n voco_fw-la ind_n sibi_fw-la saxo_n nomen_fw-la traxisse_fw-la putatur_fw-la from_o the_o account_n which_o be_v give_v we_o of_o this_o people_n by_o zosimus_n marcellinus_n diaconus_fw-la man_v man_v and_o other_o ancient_a writer_n we_o may_v learn_v that_o they_o be_v man_n of_o a_o vast_a bulk_n of_o body_n and_o proportionable_a strength_n the_o most_o renown_a warrior_n in_o germany_n and_o the_o most_o terrible_a enemy_n which_o the_o roman_n ever_o encounter_v mr._n cambden_n say_v they_o be_v such_o notorious_a pirate_n and_o most_o of_o they_o so_o accustom_a to_o live_v at_o sea_n that_o they_o be_v afraid_a to_o appear_v on_o dry_a land_n which_o agree_v with_o the_o relation_n which_o isidorus_n give_v of_o they_o gens_n saxonum_n say_v he_o myoparonibus_fw-la non_fw-la viribus_fw-la nituntur_fw-la fugae_fw-la potius_fw-la quam_fw-la bello_fw-la parati_fw-la hence_o it_o be_v that_o all_o along_o the_o coast_n of_o britain_n and_o france_n as_o far_o as_o the_o border_n of_o spain_n the_o roman_n maintain_v continual_a stand_a regiment_n under_o the_o command_n of_o several_a general_n who_o from_o their_o commission_n and_o office_n which_o be_v to_o secure_v the_o inhabitant_n from_o the_o sudden_a and_o frequent_a incursion_n of_o the_o saxon_a pirate_n be_v style_v comites_fw-la litoris_fw-la saxonici_fw-la per_fw-la britanniam_fw-la &_o galliam_n sidonius_n in_o one_o of_o his_o epistle_n give_v this_o character_n of_o a_o saxon_a pirate_n that_o he_o be_v a_o enemy_n formidable_a beyond_o comparison_n one_o who_o frequent_a shipwreck_n recreate_v rather_o then_o terrify_v as_o be_v not_o only_o acquaint_v but_o grow_v familiar_a with_o the_o peril_n of_o the_o ocean_n etc._n etc._n their_o whole_a nation_n be_v govern_v by_o twelve_o of_o the_o chief_a noble_n in_o the_o land_n government_n government_n who_o be_v elect_v to_o that_o dignity_n by_o the_o commonalty_n in_o time_n of_o war_n they_o choose_v a_o king_n out_o of_o these_o twelve_o chief_a commander_n who_o execute_v regal_a authority_n over_o the_o rest_n as_o long_o as_o the_o war_n last_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o peace_n be_v conclude_v be_v degrade_v into_o his_o former_a quality_n this_o custom_n continue_v among_o they_o until_o the_o conclusion_n of_o their_o war_n with_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a at_o which_o time_n wittikind_n a_o nobleman_n of_o angria_n in_o westphalia_n and_o one_o of_o their_o twelve_o ruler_n have_v the_o name_n and_o authority_n of_o a_o king_n confer_v on_o he_o but_o when_o he_o be_v afterward_o conquer_v and_o convert_v to_o christianity_n by_o that_o emperor_n this_o fade_a title_n be_v turn_v into_o the_o more_o durable_a one_o of_o duke_n and_o his_o eleven_o companion_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o honourable_a title_n and_o dignity_n of_o earl_n and_o lord_n from_o who_o the_o great_a prince_n at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n derive_v their_o pedigree_n some_o have_v imagine_v that_o from_o this_o duodecemviral_n government_n of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n our_o modern_a way_n of_o judicature_n by_o the_o verdict_n of_o twelve_o juryman_n have_v its_o first_o original_n whether_o this_o opinion_n be_v whole_o allowable_a i_o shall_v not_o stand_v to_o dispute_v have_v say_v something_o of_o this_o matter_n in_o the_o description_n of_o island_n but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o under_o the_o reign_v of_o some_o of_o our_o english-saxon_a king_n this_o way_n of_o proceed_v be_v practise_v in_o the_o decision_n of_o most_o cause_n both_o civil_a and_o criminal_a for_o proof_n hereof_o i_o shall_v only_o quote_v a_o old_a law_n make_v in_o king_n ethelred_n time_n wherein_o cap._n 3._o de_fw-la pignore_fw-la ablato_fw-la it_o be_v enact_v that_o tÆ¿elf_n lahmen_fw-ge scylon_fw-mi rehte_n taecean_n Æ¿ealan_n and_o aenglan_n syx_n england_n &_o syx_n Æ¿ylisce_n þlien_n call_v þae_n hy_z ago_o give_v hi_o Æ¿oh_o taecen_n oþþe_a geladian_n high_a ê§_n hi_o bet_n ne_o cuþon_n i._n e._n all_o controversy_n betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a shall_v be_v determine_v by_o twelve_o man_n skilled_a in_o the_o law_n six_o of_o each_o nation_n who_o if_o they_o pass_v sentence_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n shall_v forfeit_v their_o whole_a estate_n except_o they_o shall_v excuse_v themselves_o by_o acknowledge_v their_o error_n and_o bewail_v their_o want_n of_o judgement_n in_o the_o case_n propose_v which_o penalty_n be_v near_o akin_a to_o the_o attainder_n to_o which_o our_o modern_a jury_n be_v liable_a when_o they_o bring_v in_o a_o false_a and_o corrupt_a verdict_n though_o we_o have_v speak_v before_o of_o the_o heathenish_a god_n worship_v in_o all_o part_n of_o germany_n irmenseul_n irmenseul_n and_o among_o the_o
have_v this_o city_n look_v upon_o as_o a_o place_n of_o the_o great_a antiquity_n of_o any_o in_o saxony_n esteem_v it_o the_o same_o with_o ptolomy_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d though_o i_o think_v the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n which_o ptolemy_n assign_v to_o that_o old_a town_n be_v 29_o deg_fw-la of_o long._n and_o 51_o deg_fw-la 20_o min._n of_o lat._n will_v scarce_o come_v near_o this_o city_n this_o large_a and_o ancient_a city_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o earl_n and_o marquis_n of_o its_o own_o and_o thence_o we_o find_v the_o inhabitant_n in_o and_o about_o the_o city_n name_v by_o the_o latin_a historian_n stadenses_n stadingi_n or_o stedingii_n as_o a_o people_n distinct_a of_o themselves_o and_o independent_a upon_o any_o of_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n of_o these_o earl_n and_o marc-grave_n the_o reader_n may_v meet_v with_o a_o catalogue_n in_o crantzius_n or_o angelius_n a_o werdenhagen_n in_o the_o year_n 1234_o the_o stadenses_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o a_o bloody_a and_o terrible_a war_n in_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o bremen_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o very_a infancy_n of_o christianity_n in_o these_o part_n have_v like_a to_o have_v stifle_v religion_n in_o its_o cradle_n this_o bloodshed_n be_v occasion_v by_o a_o revolt_n of_o the_o citizen_n of_o stade_n from_o their_o obedience_n to_o the_o see_v of_o bremen_n whereupon_o the_o clergy_n of_o that_o city_n be_v resolve_v to_o keep_v by_o a_o strong_a arm_n what_o their_o enemy_n have_v endeavour_v to_o wrest_v from_o they_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o engage_v several_a of_o their_o neighbour_n in_o the_o broil_n but_o this_o expedient_a do_v not_o meet_v with_o the_o expect_a success_n have_v after_o a_o long_a quarrel_n only_o weaken_a both_o party_n and_o in_o no_o wise_a vindicate_v the_o archbishops_n title_n at_o last_o a_o volley_n of_o curse_n and_o excommunication_n from_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n fright_v the_o citizen_n of_o stade_n into_o submission_n and_o oblige_v they_o to_o yield_v obedience_n as_o former_o to_o the_o archbishops_n of_o bremen_n hereupon_o philip_n duke_n of_o schwaben_n and_o earl_n of_o stade_n annex_v the_o whole_a county_n to_o the_o archbishopric_n reserve_v only_o to_o himself_o the_o city_n with_o its_o ancient_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n in_o which_o state_n it_o continue_v till_o in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n it_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n and_o be_v confirm_v to_o that_o crown_n as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o bremen_n by_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n and_o possible_o we_o may_v have_v some_o reason_n to_o call_v this_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n which_o be_v now_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n as_o duke_n of_o bremen_n since_o the_o city_n of_o bremen_n itself_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o homage_n payable_a to_o that_o monarch_n from_o the_o archbishopric_n by_o virtue_n of_o that_o treaty_n and_o be_v to_o this_o day_n a_o free_a imperial_a city_n immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o emperor_n and_o to_o he_o only_o notwithstanding_o the_o vast_a rampire_n and_o bulwark_n wherewith_o this_o city_n be_v fortify_v and_o the_o natural_a strength_n of_o the_o place_n it_o be_v besiege_v and_o take_v in_o one_o day_n april_v 13_o 1645_o by_o the_o swedish_n general_n count_n coningsmark_n who_o have_v at_o the_o first_o assault_v take_v the_o fortress_n on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o zwinge_fw-mi betwixt_o the_o city_n and_o the_o elb_n press_v forward_o with_o his_o whole_a army_n to_o the_o gate_n of_o stade_n and_o force_v his_o way_n into_o the_o city_n whereupon_o the_o burgher_n be_v glad_a to_o surrender_v up_o the_o castle_n and_o other_o strong_a fort_n upon_o any_o condition_n the_o conqueror_n be_v please_v to_o propose_v the_o town_n be_v at_o present_a in_o a_o flourish_a condition_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o wholesome_a air_n and_o a_o pleasant_a rich_a country_n the_o burgher_n who_o have_v the_o character_n of_o the_o most_o civil_a and_o courteous_a people_n in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v common_o orchard_n and_o garden_n of_o pleasure_n without_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n well_o stock_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o fruit_n and_o flower_n their_o haven_n be_v large_a and_o commodious_a and_o ship_n of_o large_a carriage_n and_o burden_n come_v up_o to_o stade_n then_o be_v able_a to_o reach_v hamburg_n the_o marketplace_n rahthauss_n or_o town-hall_n exchange_v and_o several_a of_o their_o church_n be_v building_n worthy_a a_o traveller_n sight_n many_o and_o great_a have_v be_v the_o privilege_n by_o several_a emperor_n grant_v to_o this_o city_n it_o be_v always_o reckon_v a_o sanctuary_n for_o fugitive_n insomuch_o that_o all_o manner_n of_o malefactor_n whether_o germane_a or_o foreigner_n that_o can_v reach_v stade_n before_o vengeance_n overtake_v they_o be_v sure_a to_o find_v shelter_n here_o and_o be_v secure_a from_o the_o hand_n of_o justice_n beside_o the_o privilege_n of_o coin_v money_n authority_n to_o hunt_v in_o the_o neighbour_a forest_n and_o the_o like_a prerogative_n challenge_v by_o all_o imperial_a city_n they_o have_v power_n to_o demand_v a_o certain_a toll_n or_o custom_n of_o every_o merchantman_n that_o pass_v up_o the_o elb_n to_o hamburg_n every_o such_o vessel_n be_v oblige_v to_o strike_v anchor_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o zwinge_fw-mi and_o there_o to_o tarry_v till_o dismiss_v by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o customhouse_n these_o pretension_n occasion_v not_o many_o year_n ago_o a_o quarrel_n between_o the_o citizen_n of_o stade_n and_o the_o hamburger_n the_o late_a pretend_v that_o it_o be_v a_o infringement_n of_o their_o prerogative_n who_o be_v absolute_a master_n of_o the_o elb_n below_o their_o own_o city_n for_o stade_n to_o lay_v claim_n to_o any_o such_o privilege_n but_o the_o controversy_n soon_o after_o be_v amicable_o compose_v and_o each_o city_n have_v since_o peaceable_o enjoy_v its_o own_o peculiar_a regality_n this_o ancient_a hans-town_n be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o that_o be_v enroll_v into_o that_o noble_a society_n be_v once_o reduce_v to_o a_o mean_a and_o beggarly_a condition_n by_o the_o overgrow_a trade_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o hamburger_n insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v force_v to_o sell_v almost_o for_o bread_n the_o public_a stock_n not_o amount_v to_o ninety_o pound_n sterling_a a_o year_n to_o these_o upstart_a thrive_a merchant_n its_o ancient_a privilege_n and_o put_v itself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n but_o in_o this_o low_a condition_n it_o do_v not_o long_o continue_v before_o the_o english_a merchant_n upon_o some_o affront_n the_o hamburger_n have_v offer_v they_o remove_v their_o commerce_n to_o stade_n by_o which_o mean_v this_o city_n in_o a_o short_a time_n recover_v its_o former_a grandeur_n and_o grow_v on_o a_o sudden_a rich_a and_o populous_a vi_o bremer-verden_a a_o wall_a town_n bremer-verden_n bremer-verden_n on_o the_o road_n betwixt_o bremen_n and_o stade_n distant_a from_o the_o late_a about_o twelve_o english_a mile_n and_o from_o the_o former_a near_o twenty-eight_a it_o be_v first_o build_v by_o luder_n duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o afterward_o make_v a_o palace_n for_o the_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n who_o have_v here_o their_o usual_a residence_n in_o the_o castle_n which_o command_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o adjacent_a plain_n the_o swede_n have_v common_o a_o strong_a garrison_n the_o town_n will_v otherwise_o be_v of_o little_a note_n not_o have_v the_o convenience_n of_o any_o trade_n except_o what_o be_v bring_v by_o the_o resort_n of_o passenger_n that_o travel_v this_o way_n to_o bremen_n or_o stade_n the_o dukedom_n of_o lunenburg_n the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n bound_n bound_n or_o lunenburg_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n on_o the_o southeast_n with_o magdeburg_n on_o the_o east_n with_o brandenburg_n on_o the_o north_n with_o lauwenburg_n and_o holstein_n on_o the_o north-west_n with_o bremen_n and_o on_o the_o west_n with_o some_o part_n of_o westphalia_n the_o metropolis_n which_o give_v name_n to_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n be_v think_v by_o some_o to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o moon_n lunus_n or_o luna_n worship_v by_o the_o ancient_a idolatrous_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o land_n other_o derive_v the_o word_n from_o the_o name_n of_o the_o river_n elmena_n or_o ilmenow_n on_o which_o the_o city_n of_o luneburg_n be_v seat_v which_o they_o tell_v we_o be_v former_o call_v luno_n from_o isis_n the_o egyptian_a goddess_n who_o come_v into_o germany_n to_o visit_v her_o kinsman_n gambrivius_n who_o be_v in_o those_o day_n lord_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n where_o hamburg_n now_o stand_v be_v here_o deify_v and_o worship_v under_o the_o image_n of_o a_o half-moon_n several_a of_o the_o saxon_a chronologer_n report_n that_o this_o idol_n be_v first_o bring_v hither_o by_o
but_o his_o large_a dukedom_n be_v break_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o emperor_n as_o we_o have_v occasion_n to_o tell_v the_o reader_n before_o and_o himself_o reduce_v from_o a_o great_a duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o lord_n of_o all_o the_o neighbour_a territory_n to_o a_o mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n hitherto_o we_o have_v find_v the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n unite_v and_o subject_a to_o one_o prince_n lunenburg_n duke_n of_o lunenburg_n but_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o this_o henry_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1195_o they_o be_v divide_v for_o henry_n the_o lion_n have_v three_o son_n viz._n duke_n henry_n who_o be_v afterward_o make_v prince_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n duke_n otho_n who_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o imperial_a throne_n and_o duke_n william_n who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o luneburg_n but_o only_o style_v himself_n dominus_fw-la de_fw-fr luneburg_n and_o indeed_o he_o have_v but_o little_a reason_n to_o take_v upon_o he_o any_o great_a title_n since_o his_o two_o brother_n be_v sharer_n with_o he_o in_o the_o estate_n of_o his_o decease_a father_n for_o otho_n take_v possession_n of_o the_o city_n and_o country_n of_o brunswic_n and_o duke_n henry_n seize_v upon_o zell_n bremen_n and_o stade_n about_o the_o year_n 1213_o duke_n william_n die_v and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o only_a son_n otho_n who_o afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1235_o be_v make_v duke_n of_o brunswic_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n the_o second_v diploma_n which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o duke_n of_o zell_n archive_v duke_n william_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 1252_o leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n albert_n and_o john_n albert_n keep_v all_o his_o father_n dominion_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n but_o at_o last_o resign_v the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n to_o his_o brother_n john_n since_o that_o time_n the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n have_v be_v always_o reckon_v two_o distinct_a principality_n and_o usual_o subject_a to_o two_o different_a prince_n after_o this_o division_n of_o the_o two_o dukedom_n duke_n john_n govern_v the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n about_o eight_o year_n and_o then_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1276_o leave_v his_o estate_n to_o his_o son_n otho_n by_o the_o way_n we_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o a_o notorious_a parachronism_n in_o dr._n heylin_n cosmography_n wherein_o reckon_v only_o the_o eight_o year_n government_n of_o duke_n john_n without_o mention_v any_o power_n enjoy_v by_o his_o brother_n albert_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n he_o bring_v otho_n ii_o to_o the_o dukedom_n in_o the_o year_n 1261_o which_o be_v fifteen_o year_n exact_o the_o time_n that_o duke_n albert_n keep_v possession_n of_o both_o his_o father_n dukedom_n before_o his_o father_n death_n otho_n have_v reign_v 53_o year_n and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1330_o leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n otho_n and_o william_n who_o be_v joint-governor_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n for_o the_o space_n of_o four_o and_o twenty_o year_n after_o which_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o duke_n otho_n without_o any_o heir_n male_a william_n be_v the_o sole_a governor_n for_o some_o small_a term_n of_o year_n but_o consider_v that_o upon_o the_o failure_n of_o issue_n from_o himself_o and_o his_o brother_n the_o line_n of_o luneburg_n be_v like_a to_o be_v extinct_a he_o resolve_v during_o his_o life-time_n to_o choose_v himself_o a_o successor_n whereupon_o at_o first_o he_o pitch_v upon_o albert_n duke_n of_o saxony_n his_o brother_n daughter_n son_n but_o afterward_o change_v his_o resolution_n he_o resign_v the_o dukedom_n to_o ludowic_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n who_o have_v marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n mechtild_v duke_n ludowic_n have_v govern_v three_o year_n and_o die_v without_o issue_n in_o the_o year_n 1358_o be_v succeed_v by_o magnus_n surname_v mit_fw-ge der_fw-ge ketten_v or_o torquatus_n to_o who_o the_o luneburger_n submit_v themselves_o upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v protect_v they_o against_o all_o injury_n offer_v they_o either_o by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iu._n or_o any_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n soon_o after_o torquatus_n upon_o his_o father_n death_n get_v possession_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o brunswic_n and_o so_o both_o dukedom_n be_v once_o more_o unite_v but_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a confidence_n they_o repose_v in_o their_o new_a prince_n and_o the_o vast_a pormise_n he_o make_v they_o albert_n duke_n of_o saxony_n assist_v by_o the_o forementioned_a emperor_n charles_n the_o four_o in_o pursuance_n of_o his_o right_n as_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o elder_a brother_n daughter_n by_o force_n recover_v the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n in_o the_o year_n 1372_o and_o enjoy_v it_o fourteen_o year_n after_o his_o death_n there_o be_v great_a war_n betwixt_o the_o house_n of_o brunswic_n and_o saxony_n each_o of_o they_o lay_v claim_n to_o and_o contend_v for_o this_o dukedom_n at_o last_o in_o the_o year_n 1388_o bernhard_n duke_n magnus_n son_n obtain_v the_o government_n but_o soon_o after_o frideric_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n be_v slay_v in_o his_o return_n from_o francfurt_n where_o he_o be_v new_o choose_v emperor_n bernhard_n be_v remove_v to_o brunswic_n and_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n give_v to_o his_o nephew_n henry_n who_o before_o have_v some_o share_n with_o he_o in_o the_o government_n henry_n have_v be_v sole_a duke_n of_o luneburg_n for_o the_o space_n of_o sixteen_o year_n dye_v a._n d._n 1416._o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n william_n who_o within_o a_o while_n after_o fall_v out_o with_o his_o cousin_n otho_n duke_n bernhard_n son_n make_v several_a incursion_n into_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n many_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a city_n whereof_o he_o lay_v siege_n to_o and_o take_v some_o while_n after_o the_o quarrel_n betwixt_o the_o two_o duke_n be_v compose_v upon_o this_o condition_n that_o they_o shall_v change_v dukedom_n which_o be_v according_o do_v in_o the_o year_n 1428_o and_o so_o otho_n be_v make_v duke_n of_o luneburg_n and_o william_n remove_v to_o brunswic_n otho_n brother_n duke_n frideric_n succeed_v he_o though_o dr._n heylin_n make_v he_o his_o predecessor_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n and_o have_v govern_v about_o fourteen_o year_n quit_v the_o dukedom_n and_o shut_v himself_o up_o in_o a_o monastery_n at_o zell_n in_o the_o year_n 1459._o hereupon_o the_o government_n be_v commit_v to_o his_o two_o son_n bernhard_n and_o otho_n the_o former_a of_o which_o die_v within_o five_o year_n and_o the_o latter_a surve_v about_o seven_o year_n leave_v behind_o he_o only_o one_o young_a son_n about_o three_o year_n old_a this_o force_v the_o old_a duke_n frideric_n in_o his_o extreme_a dotage_n to_o reassume_v the_o government_n till_o his_o grandchild_n shall_v come_v to_o maturity_n he_o manage_v the_o affair_n of_o his_o dukedom_n for_o seven_o year_n long_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1478._o the_o young_a duke_n henry_n be_v not_o above_o ten_o year_n of_o age_n at_o his_o grandfather_n death_n be_v assist_v in_o the_o government_n by_o his_o mother_n for_o some_o year_n ten_o year_n before_o his_o death_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1532_o he_o settle_v the_o dukedom_n upon_o his_o three_o son_n otho_n ernest_n and_o francis_n the_o first_o of_o these_o prefer_v a_o retire_a life_n to_o the_o state_n and_o grandeur_n of_o a_o dukedom_n resign_v his_o right_n to_o his_o brother_n ernestus_n during_o his_o father_n life_n demand_v only_o a_o certain_a annual_a stipend_n sufficient_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o himself_o and_o a_o small_a family_n this_o ernest_n together_o with_o his_o brother_n francis_n who_o share_v with_o he_o in_o the_o government_n till_o the_o year_n 1539_o but_o be_v afterward_o put_v off_o with_o the_o lordship_n of_o giffhorn_n and_o monastery_n of_o isenhagen_n bring_v in_o the_o reform_a religion_n in_o the_o year_n 1530._o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1546_o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n francis_n otho_n who_o have_v govern_v about_o thirteen_o year_n dye_v without_o issue_n male_a and_o leave_v the_o dukedom_n to_o his_o two_o brother_n henry_n and_o william_n these_o two_o rule_v peaceable_o together_o for_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o year_n but_o afterward_o they_o separate_v themselves_o and_o agree_v that_o william_n shall_v have_v the_o sole_a government_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n and_o duke_n henry_n be_v content_a with_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o lordship_n of_o dannenberg_n and_o monastery_n of_o scharnebeck_n to_o which_o be_v afterward_o add_v the_o lordship_n of_o hitzaker_n luchau_n and_o warbke_n in_o the_o year_n 1592._o duke_n william_n die_v and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n ernest_n who_o keep_v the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n till_o the_o year_n 1611._o in_o which_o he_o leave_v it_o to_o
and_o albert_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n two_o cousin_n germane_a in_o the_o year_n 1419._o the_o corporation_n of_o the_o city_n bear_v it_o seem_v half_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o foundation_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v then_o order_v by_o a_o decree_n still_o in_o force_n that_o half_a of_o the_o professor_n shall_v be_v choose_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n and_o the_o other_o half_a by_o the_o burgomaster_n and_o radtshern_a of_o the_o town_n the_o rector_n magnificus_fw-la as_o they_o be_v please_v to_o entitle_v the_o chief_a magistrate_n of_o their_o university_n be_v choose_v every_o half_a year_n as_o in_o most_o other_o german_a university_n by_o turn_n out_o of_o the_o two_o company_n of_o professor_n he_o have_v power_n to_o call_v convocation_n and_o appoint_v time_n for_o meeting_n of_o the_o other_o professor_n on_o all_o extraordinary_a occasion_n as_o collect_v or_o disburse_v any_o part_n of_o their_o common-treasure_n or_o the_o like_a in_o matter_n of_o great_a weight_n and_o moment_n then_o be_v usual_o debate_v he_o have_v a_o assistant_n who_o they_o call_v promotor_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o senior_n of_o the_o eighteen_o professor_n the_o university_n be_v at_o first_o stock_v with_o professor_n from_o leipsic_n and_o erfurt_n who_o all_o of_o they_o receive_v their_o licence_n to_o teach_v and_o read_v in_o public_a together_o with_o a_o charter_n of_o privilege_n and_o body_n of_o statute_n from_o pope_n martin_n v._o the_o bishop_n of_o swerin_n be_v their_o perpetual_a chancellor_n who_o common_o depute_v one_o of_o the_o senior_a professor_n his_o vicechancellor_n at_o any_o public_a promotion_n or_o take_v of_o degree_n when_o he_o himself_o be_v not_o at_o leisure_n to_o give_v a_o personal_a attendance_n among_o many_o other_o learned_a man_n that_o have_v be_v breed_v in_o this_o university_n albert_n crantzius_n john_n posselius_n and_o nathan_n chytraeus_n three_o famous_a historian_n have_v get_v themselves_o and_o the_o place_n of_o their_o education_n great_a credit_n by_o their_o elaborate_a writing_n the_o citizen_n be_v subject_a to_o a_o kind_n of_o mix_a government_n make_v up_o of_o aristocracy_n and_o democracy_n the_o democratical_a part_n consist_v of_o twenty_o four_o alderman_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o nobility_n scholar_n and_o rich_a merchant_n of_o the_o town_n whereof_o four_o be_v burgomaster_n two_o chamberlain_n two_o steward_n for_o the_o river_n and_o two_o judge_n the_o chamberlain_n collect_v and_o distribute_v all_o manner_n of_o assessment_n for_o the_o reparation_n of_o public_a building_n in_o and_o about_o the_o city_n the_o two_o steward_n be_v overseer_n of_o the_o haven_n at_o warnemund_n and_o look_v to_o the_o cleanse_n of_o the_o channel_n from_o that_o port_n up_o to_o the_o city_n the_o judge_n determine_v and_o pass_v sentence_n in_o all_o cause_n civil_a and_o criminal_a these_o twenty_o four_o magistrate_n of_o the_o upper_a house_n decide_v all_o ordinary_a controversy_n and_o have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o coin_v money_n choose_v officer_n etc._n etc._n but_o beside_o they_o there_o be_v in_o the_o town_n a_o hundred_o more_o common-councilmen_a elect_v out_o of_o the_o inferior_a tradesman_n of_o the_o town_n who_o be_v summon_v to_o appear_v and_o give_v their_o opinion_n upon_o debate_n of_o any_o matter_n of_o more_o than_o ordinary_a concernment_n to_o the_o common_a welfare_n though_o the_o river_n warna_n be_v navigable_a up_o to_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n of_o rostock_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o deep_a enough_o to_o carry_v ship_n of_o the_o large_a bulk_n but_o such_o vessel_n be_v force_v to_o take_v harbour_n at_o warnemund_n so_o call_v because_o situate_a on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n a_o small_a town_n about_o seven_o english_a mile_n distant_a from_o rostock_n since_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n the_o swede_n build_v a_o fort_n on_o the_o mouth_n of_o this_o river_n by_o the_o strength_n of_o which_o and_o a_o good_a garrison_n always_o keep_v in_o it_o they_o exact_v a_o toll_n or_o custom_n of_o all_o merchantman_n that_o pass_v this_o way_n from_o or_o towards_o rostock_n to_o the_o great_a decay_n of_o trade_n in_o this_o city_n and_o impoverish_v of_o its_o inhabitant_n this_o castle_n be_v in_o the_o late_a war_n between_o the_o northern_a crown_n demolish_v and_o thereby_o a_o stop_v put_v to_o the_o swedish_n encroachment_n whereupon_o the_o minister_n for_o the_o duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n in_o the_o last_o general_a treaty_n at_o nimeguen_n be_v very_o diligent_a in_o solicit_v the_o mediator_n for_o a_o redress_n of_o this_o grievance_n which_o they_o represent_v as_o a_o violation_n of_o a_o express_a article_n in_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n with_o memorial_n and_o petition_n to_o this_o purpose_n our_o english_a mediator_n by_o the_o duke_n of_o gustrow_n minister_n and_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n by_o the_o duke_n of_o swerin_n be_v continual_o weary_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o year_n 1678_o and_o begin_v of_o 1679._o their_o importunity_n prevail_v so_o far_o at_o last_o as_o to_o have_v the_o follow_a clause_n insert_v into_o the_o first_o proposal_n of_o a_o treaty_n betwixt_o the_o emperor_n and_o king_n of_o sweden_n omni_fw-la casu_fw-la salva_fw-la sint_fw-la dominis_n ducibus_fw-la mecklenburgicis_fw-la sine_fw-la turbatione_fw-la competentia_fw-la jura_fw-la &_o sublatum_fw-la maneat_fw-la vectigal_a seu_fw-la telonium_fw-la warnemundense_a cum_fw-la omnimoda_fw-la aliarum_fw-la quae_fw-la ibi_fw-la motae_fw-la sunt_fw-la pretensionum_fw-la abolitione_n &_o portus_fw-la warnmundensis_fw-la relinquatur_fw-la in_o pristina_fw-la &_o qua_fw-la nunc_fw-la gaudet_fw-la commerciorum_fw-la libertate_fw-la but_o the_o swedish_n plenipotentary_n in_o all_o their_o conference_n with_o the_o imperial_a ambassador_n upon_o this_o subject_a constant_o deny_v that_o they_o have_v instruction_n to_o meddle_v with_o it_o and_o the_o imperialist_n be_v willing_a to_o omit_v the_o insertion_n of_o this_o point_n rather_o than_o delay_v the_o sign_v of_o the_o other_o article_n till_o new_a instruction_n can_v be_v procure_v from_o the_o swedish_n court_n so_o that_o all_o the_o satisfaction_n the_o prince_n of_o mecklenburg_n have_v be_v a_o compliment_n from_o the_o emperor_n be_v plempotentiaries_n show_v the_o great_a care_n their_o master_n will_v be_v always_o ready_a to_o take_v in_o assert_v their_o right_n and_o privilege_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o any_o other_o member_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n against_o the_o encroachment_n of_o any_o foreign_a enemy_n whatever_o and_o a_o certificate_n under_o their_o hand_n that_o their_o minister_n have_v use_v all_o imaginable_a diligence_n in_o the_o discharge_n of_o their_o duty_n neque_fw-la defuerunt_fw-la say_v they_o durante_fw-la hoc_fw-la congressu_fw-la officio_fw-la svo_fw-la praedictorum_fw-la dominorum_fw-la ducum_fw-la i._n e._n mecklenburgicorum_n ablegati_fw-la dominus_fw-la antonius_n bessel_n &_o dominus_fw-la joannes_n reuter_n sed_fw-la omnes_fw-la part_n impleverunt_fw-la quae_fw-la a_o ministrorum_fw-la fide_fw-la dexteritate_fw-la &_o vigilantia_fw-la expectari_fw-la possunt_fw-la in_o quorum_fw-la omnium_fw-la fidem_fw-la legatio_fw-la caesarea_n praesentes_fw-la hasce_fw-la a_o se_fw-la subscriptas_fw-la sigillis_fw-la suis_fw-la munivit_fw-la dabantur_fw-la neomagi_n dvodecima_fw-la februarii_fw-la anno_fw-la 1679._o iv_o swerin_n swerin_n swerin_n situate_v at_o about_o fifty_o english_a mile_n distance_n from_o rostock_n upon_o a_o great_a lake_n which_o from_o the_o name_n of_o this_o city_n be_v usual_o by_o the_o neighbourhood_n call_v der_n swerinsche_n see_n it_o be_v build_v and_o fortfy_v by_o henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n duke_n of_o saxony_n who_o soon_o after_o its_o first_o foundation_n which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o year_n 1163._o bestow_v this_o city_n with_o all_o the_o territory_n and_o lordship_n thereunto_o belong_v upon_o guntzel_n or_o gunceline_n one_o of_o the_o general_n in_o his_o army_n who_o he_o make_v earl_n of_o swerin_n his_o son_n henry_n who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o earldom_n be_v a_o great_a favourite_n of_o the_o emperor_n otho_n iv_o and_o well_o deserve_v all_o the_o honour_n his_o master_n can_v confer_v on_o he_o he_o take_v woldemar_n king_n of_o denmark_n prisoner_n in_o his_o own_o kingdom_n bring_v he_o bind_v into_o saxony_n in_o triumph_n and_o keep_v he_o in_o close_a custody_n in_o the_o castle_n at_o danneberg_n till_o his_o subject_n have_v almost_o reduce_v themselves_o to_o beggary_n by_o pay_v ransom_n the_o last_o earl_n of_o this_o family_n be_v otho_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1355._o his_o only_a daughter_n and_o child_n richardis_n be_v marry_v to_o albrecht_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o earldom_n of_o swerin_n after_o otho_n death_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n the_o bishopric_n of_o swerin_n be_v remove_v from_o mecklenburg_n to_o this_o city_n the_o first_o bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n be_v one_o johannes_n scotus_n who_o in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o prelacy_n a._n
italy_n itself_o beside_o these_o ornament_n the_o city_n be_v eminent_a for_o the_o great_a exchange_n in_o it_o of_o all_o manner_n of_o merchandise_n the_o plenty_n it_o have_v of_o all_o sort_n of_o fresh_a and_o salt_a fish_n wood_n either_o for_o fuel_n or_o timber_n corn_n and_o many_o other_o rich_a commodity_n the_o citizen_n have_v be_v always_o commend_v for_o their_o great_a civility_n to_o stranger_n and_o no_o less_o praise_v for_o their_o undoubted_a valour_n and_o resolution_n in_o oppose_v the_o violence_n of_o any_o foreign_a enemy_n a_o more_o sufficient_a demonstration_n of_o their_o courage_n can_v be_v expect_v than_o they_o give_v in_o defend_v their_o town_n so_o brave_o as_o they_o do_v against_o the_o force_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n in_o the_o year_n 1677._o which_o famous_a siege_n have_v possible_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o memorable_a piece_n of_o gallantry_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o resolution_n and_o courage_n of_o both_o party_n that_o these_o late_a age_n have_v produce_v will_v in_o this_o place_n merit_v a_o more_o particular_a relation_n then_o ordinary_a the_o elector_n have_v the_o year_n before_o make_v a_o attempt_n upon_o this_o city_n but_o be_v in_o too_o weak_a a_o condition_n consider_v the_o posture_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o garrison_n that_o defend_v it_o to_o pursue_v his_o intention_n any_o further_o whereupon_o he_o resolve_v for_o that_o time_n to_o withdraw_v his_o force_n and_o to_o provide_v himself_o better_a before_o he_o will_v venture_v upon_o a_o second_o onset_n according_o that_o winter_n be_v spend_v in_o raise_v new_a regiment_n and_o provide_v all_o manner_n of_o ammunition_n requisite_a for_o the_o carry_v on_o of_o this_o design_n the_o summer_n follow_v all_o thing_n thus_o in_o readiness_n on_o the_o five_o of_o july_n in_o the_o year_n 1677._o his_o highness_n part_v from_o berlin_n at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o army_n consist_v of_o twentyfour_o regiment_n whereof_o nine_o of_o horse_n ten_o of_o foot_n and_o five_o of_o dragoon_n besides-foot_n guard_n and_o the_o assistance_n of_o four_o thousand_o lunenburger_n under_o the_o command_n of_o major_a general_n enten_n by_o these_o force_n the_o city_n be_v close_o besiege_v from_o the_o seven_o of_o july_n to_o the_o twenty-sixth_a of_o december_n follow_v on_o which_o day_n the_o town_n be_v surrender_v upon_o the_o condition_n follow_v 1._o that_o all_o the_o swedish_n soldier_n shall_v march_v out_o with_o drum_n beat_v and_o colour_n fly_v and_o have_v safe_a conduct_n for_o themselves_o with_o their_o bag_n and_o baggage_n as_o far_o as_o liefland_n but_o all_o the_o german_n whether_o officer_n or_o common_a soldier_n quit_v the_o service_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n shall_v be_v list_v under_o the_o elector_n ii_o if_o any_o of_o the_o swedish_n good_n can_v not_o at_o present_a be_v carry_v off_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o owner_n to_o leave_v they_o behind_o he_o to_o be_v restore_v upon_o demand_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o frost_n be_v over_o and_o the_o river_n navigable_a iii_o a_o general_a pardon_n shall_v be_v grant_v to_o all_o partisan_n and_o forager_n except_v such_o as_o be_v know_v to_o have_v commit_v some_o notorious_a murder_n or_o other_o misdemeanour_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n in_o their_o sally_n iu._n all_o the_o wound_a and_o sick_a soldier_n shall_v have_v leave_n to_o lie_v in_o the_o city_n till_o they_o be_v cure_v v._o all_o the_o prisoner_n on_o both_o side_n shall_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n vi_o that_o at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o swedish_n lieutenant_n general_n all_o fugitive_n shall_v be_v pardon_v and_o receive_v back_o to_o their_o respective_a regiment_n vii_o his_o electoral_a highness_n shall_v grant_v to_o the_o say_a lieutenant_n general_a wulfzen_n the_o liberty_n to_o carry_v off_o any_o two_o piece_n of_o cannon_n which_o he_o shall_v choose_v viii_o the_o wife_n widow_n and_o child_n of_o the_o swedish_n officer_n shall_v be_v permit_v to_o tarry_v in_o stetin_n if_o they_o think_v fit_a till_o easter_n and_o at_o their_o departure_n have_v passport_n grant_v they_o ix_o all_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n whether_o civil_a or_o military_a shall_v remain_v full_a proprietor_n of_o all_o their_o good_n movable_a and_o immovable_a pay_v the_o same_o homage_n to_o the_o elector_n as_o they_o have_v former_o do_v to_o the_o aforesaid_a king_n x._o provide_v always_o that_o if_o any_o of_o the_o say_a officer_n be_v willing_a to_o part_v with_o any_o such_o good_n he_o shall_v have_v a_o just_a price_n pay_v he_o and_o licence_n to_o carry_v of_o the_o same_o whither_o himself_o shall_v please_v xi_o the_o elector_n shall_v not_o make_v any_o alteration_n in_o religion_n xii_o the_o university_n and_o church_n of_o st._n mary_n shall_v enjoy_v their_o ancient_a privilege_n and_o revenue_n xiii_o his_o electoral_a highness_n shall_v take_v into_o his_o own_o protection_n all_o the_o priest_n and_o schoolmaster_n in_o the_o town_n defend_v they_o from_o all_o the_o insolence_n and_o injury_n of_o his_o soldier_n these_o with_o some_o few_o more_o less_o considerable_a article_n be_v sign_v by_o both_o party_n the_o elector_n enter_v the_o town_n a_o great_a part_n whereof_o lay_v miserable_o bury_v in_o its_o ruin_n the_o effect_n of_o the_o valour_n and_o prowess_n of_o its_o inhabitant_n during_o this_o siege_n the_o brandenburger_n be_v say_v to_o have_v spend_v thirty_o thousand_o granade_n 24000_o hand-granadoe_n a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o canonshot_n and_o ninety-eight_a thousand_o pound_n of_o powder_n by_o the_o late_a treaty_n of_o nimeguen_n this_o town_n be_v again_o restore_v to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n ii_o âââmin_fw-fr âââmin_fw-fr cammin_n former_o a_o bishop_n see_v who_o prelate_n have_v the_o privilege_n of_o be_v invest_v and_o confirm_v immediate_o by_o the_o pope_n himself_o in_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n it_o be_v order_v that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o then_o incumbent_a canon_n the_o bishopric_n of_o cammin_n shall_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o small_a principality_n and_o descend_v upon_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n iii_o âââââg_v âââââg_v colberg_n a_o strong_a town_n on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o perceant_a annex_v former_o to_o the_o bishopric_n of_o cammin_n by_o barnimus_n i._o duke_n of_o pomeren_n and_o therefore_o give_v to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n by_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n the_o convenience_n of_o the_o haven_n and_o plenty_n of_o good_a salt_n make_v here_o and_o send_v into_o other_o country_n have_v invite_v a_o considerable_a number_n of_o merchant_n to_o traffic_v and_o enrich_v the_o town_n iv_o ãâã_d ãâã_d wollin_n at_o this_o day_n a_o poor_a town_n but_o the_o relic_n of_o one_o of_o the_o great_a city_n that_o these_o part_n afford_v adam_n bremensis_n assert_v positive_o that_o julinum_n which_o be_v the_o ancient_a name_n of_o this_o town_n turn_v afterward_o into_o wollin_n be_v once_o the_o large_a city_n in_o europe_n and_o no_o doubt_n it_o be_v a_o place_n extraordinary_a strong_a and_o populous_a that_o be_v alone_o able_a to_o maintain_v a_o war_n against_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n and_o to_o bring_v home_o its_o monarch_n suenotto_n three_o several_a time_n prisoner_n in_o those_o day_n it_o be_v by_o all_o nation_n resort_v to_o as_o the_o great_a mart-town_n except_v perhaps_o constantinople_n in_o europe_n and_o the_o dane_n swede_n russian_n jew_n and_o several_a other_o people_n have_v here_o their_o peculiar_a street_n and_o house_n of_o exchange_n but_o within_o a_o while_n their_o apostasy_n from_o the_o christian_a religion_n bring_v god_n heavy_a wrath_n and_o vengeance_n upon_o they_o which_o destroy_v a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o city_n by_o lightning_n and_o fire_n from_o heaven_n and_o the_o rest_n by_o the_o hand_n of_o waldemar_n king_n of_o denmark_n who_o fall_v upon_o it_o unaware_o in_o the_o year_n 1170_o with_o a_o great_a army_n destroy_v the_o very_a ruin_n of_o the_o town_n and_o burn_v up_o what_o be_v only_o leave_v its_o ash_n never_o since_o have_v this_o place_n be_v any_o thing_n considerable_a scarce_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o a_o city_n or_o great_a town_n be_v remarkable_a for_o nothing_o save_v that_o it_o give_v name_n to_o the_o whole_a isle_n where_o it_o be_v situate_a which_o from_o it_o be_v call_v das_n wollinsche_n werder_n v._o ãâã_d ãâã_d usedom_n this_o be_v once_o after_o the_o destruction_n of_o its_o neighbour_n julinum_n a_o town_n of_o good_a traffic_n which_o be_v chief_o occasion_v by_o the_o resort_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o pole_n who_o remove_v their_o trade_n hither_o in_o the_o year_n 1473_o the_o whole_a town_n with_o the_o town-hall_n and_o all_o the_o shop_n and_o good_n of_o the_o merchant_n be_v burn_v down_o after_o which_o time_n it_o
of_o residence_n of_o the_o count_n regent_n be_v eisleben_n which_o have_v its_o name_n as_o well_o as_o eysenach_n eissfeld_n eysenberg_n and_o other_o neighbour_a town_n from_o the_o abundance_n of_o iron-ore_n which_o the_o native_n call_v eysen_v find_v in_o these_o part_n and_o not_o from_o the_o egyptian_a goddess_n isis_n who_o as_o some_o legendary_a historian_n tell_v we_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n osiris_n be_v in_o a_o melancholy_a humour_n wander_v into_o this_o country_n and_o give_v she_o own_o name_n to_o several_a of_o the_o town_n in_o which_o she_o sojourn_v the_o most_o notable_a thing_n which_o the_o german_a historian_n have_v record_v of_o this_o city_n be_v that_o their_o megalander_n martin_n luther_n be_v bear_v in_o this_o town_n in_o the_o year_n 1483_o and_o here_o end_v his_o day_n in_o the_o year_n 1564._o over_o the_o door_n of_o the_o house_n wherein_o he_o be_v bear_v the_o citizen_n take_v care_n to_o set_v up_o his_o picture_n in_o stone_n with_o this_o inscription_n hostess_fw-la eram_fw-la papae_fw-la sociorum_fw-la pestis_fw-la &_o huius_fw-la vox_fw-la mea_fw-la cum_fw-la scriptis_fw-la nil_fw-la nisi_fw-la christus_fw-la erat_fw-la john_n forster_n a_o professor_n of_o divinity_n at_o wittenberg_n and_o superintendant_n of_o the_o church_n at_o eisleben_n tell_v we_o that_o there_o happen_v a_o great_a fire_n in_o this_o city_n in_o the_o year_n 1601_o wherein_o the_o count_n palace_n and_o 250_o citizens-house_n perish_v but_o yet_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o church_n wherein_o this_o bless_a saint_n luther_n as_o he_o call_v he_o be_v christen_v the_o house_n wherein_o he_o be_v bear_v and_o another_o in_o which_o he_o die_v be_v save_v from_o the_o flame_n though_o all_o about_o they_o be_v lay_v in_o ash_n but_o however_o this_o great_a man_n sanctity_n though_o able_a it_o seem_v to_o protect_v whole_a house_n from_o the_o rage_n and_o violence_n of_o the_o flame_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o secure_v his_o monument_n from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o imperialist_n who_o in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n of_o germany_n break_v down_o his_o image_n and_o deface_v the_o inscription_n above_o mention_v the_o old_a and_o ruinous_a city_n of_o mansfeld_n which_o give_v name_n to_o the_o county_n lie_v about_o five_o english_a mile_n from_o eisleben_n ãâã_d ãâã_d it_o be_v defend_v by_o a_o strong_a castle_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n which_o for_o many_o year_n have_v lay_v desolate_a but_o be_v repair_v and_o fortify_v in_o the_o year_n 1547._o wippra_fw-la arnstein_n quernfurt_n with_o some_o other_o be_v remarkable_a for_o nothing_o else_o but_o give_v name_n to_o so_o many_o petty_a county_n into_o which_o the_o the_o whole_a county_n of_o mansfeld_n to_o provide_v title_n for_o its_o many_o earl_n be_v usual_o divide_v saxonia_n superior_a apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a the_o upper_a of_o saxony_n although_o it_o be_v usual_a with_o every_o historian_n that_o treat_v of_o the_o affair_n of_o germany_n to_o make_v frequent_a mention_n of_o the_o saxon_n yet_o in_o such_o different_a sense_n be_v that_o word_n use_v by_o they_o that_o we_o shall_v scarce_o meet_v with_o two_o of_o they_o that_o mean_v the_o same_o thing_n by_o saxony_n now_o the_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o disagreement_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o uncertain_a bound_n and_o limit_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o that_o ancient_a and_o warlike_a people_n and_o the_o division_n of_o their_o land_n into_o so_o many_o petty_a tribe_n and_o province_n who_o be_v all_o ambitious_a of_o appropriate_v the_o name_n of_o saxon_n to_o themselves_o albinus_n say_v the_o ancient_a limit_n of_o saxony_n be_v on_o the_o east_n the_o elb_n on_o the_o west_n the_o embs_n on_o the_o south_n bohemia_n and_o franconia_n and_o on_o the_o south_n bohemia_n and_o franconia_n and_o on_o the_o north_n denmark_n but_o ptolomey_n confine_v that_o nation_n within_o much_o narrow_a bound_n henry_n the_o lion_n territory_n reach_v from_o the_o elb_n to_o the_o rhine_n and_o from_o the_o baltic_a down_o as_o far_o as_o the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o the_o hercynian_a wood._n this_o whole_a tract_n be_v more_o immediate_o divide_v into_o the_o low_a and_o upper_a saxony_n of_o the_o former_a whereof_o we_o have_v already_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o account_n under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o late_a be_v sometime_o comprehend_v beside_o the_o dukedom_n of_o saxony_n or_o chur-sachsen_a as_o the_o german_n call_v it_o the_o marquisate_n of_o misnia_n voitlandia_n thuringen_n the_o whole_a hercynian_a forest_n the_o principality_n of_o anhalt_n with_o some_o more_o of_o the_o neighbour_a province_n but_o in_o this_o place_n we_o only_o understand_v the_o upper_a saxony_n strict_o so_o call_v or_o that_o small_a province_n which_o give_v the_o elector_n the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o saxony_n which_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o low_a lusatia_n and_o some_o part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o principality_n of_o anhalt_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o county_n of_o mansfeld_n and_o landgraviate_v of_o thuringen_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o marquisate_n of_o misnia_n this_o small_a province_n come_v to_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o saxony_n upon_o this_o occasion_n when_o the_o overgrow_a power_n of_o henry_n the_o lion_n be_v grow_v so_o formidable_a as_o to_o oblige_v the_o emperor_n to_o depose_v he_o and_o to_o divide_v his_o territory_n among_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n many_o of_o who_o by_o their_o good_a service_n have_v deserve_v large_a recompense_n at_o his_o hand_n the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n be_v the_o only_a dominion_n continue_v to_o the_o posterity_n of_o the_o depose_a prince_n the_o low_a part_n of_o westphalia_n be_v seize_v on_o by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o coln_n and_o another_o part_n of_o it_o above_o the_o weser_n fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o paderbourn_n and_o a_o three_o be_v give_v to_o herman_n landgrave_n of_o thuringen_n the_o prince_n of_o anhalt_n and_o count_n of_o mansfeld_n be_v make_v master_n of_o another_o portion_n of_o this_o large_a dukedom_n and_o several_a of_o the_o hans-town_n be_v make_v imperial_a and_o subject_v to_o a_o government_n of_o their_o own_o by_o this_o mean_n there_o be_v nothing_o leave_v to_o be_v settle_v upon_o bernhard_n prince_n of_o anhalt_n who_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n barbarossa_n have_v create_v duke_n elector_n in_o the_o room_n of_o henry_n the_o lion_n but_o the_o territory_n betwixt_o the_o sala_n and_o the_o elb_n and_o some_o of_o that_o too_o as_o the_o city_n of_o wittenberg_n be_v before_o assign_v he_o by_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n the_o three_o however_o it_o be_v order_v that_o these_o narrow_a dominion_n shall_v have_v the_o name_n of_o ober-sax_n or_o the_o upper_a saxony_n give_v they_o and_o that_o wittenberg_n shall_v from_o thence_o forward_o be_v the_o electoral_a city_n the_o county_n be_v tolerable_o well_o provide_v for_o with_o all_o manner_n of_o grain_n soil_n soil_n but_o come_v far_o short_a of_o its_o neighbour_a province_n misnia_n and_o thuringen_n though_o the_o hill_n here_o afford_v some_o mine_n of_o silver_n and_o other_o kind_n of_o metal_n yet_o the_o country_n will_v scarce_o yield_v so_o much_o wood_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o cleanse_v and_o purify_v it_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n be_v still_o strict_a observer_n of_o the_o ancient_a municipal_a law_n of_o their_o heathen_a ancestor_n law_n law_n which_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a as_o so_o agreeable_a to_o the_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n that_o he_o see_v no_o necessity_n of_o abrogate_a these_o upon_o his_o introduce_v of_o christianity_n and_o the_o observation_n of_o gospel_n precept_n the_o choice_a of_o these_o old_a statute_n be_v collect_v into_o two_o body_n or_o digest_v whereof_o the_o one_o be_v call_v der_n sachsen-spiegel_n or_o speculum_fw-la saxonicum_fw-la the_o other_o which_o be_v only_o a_o abstract_n of_o the_o former_a das_fw-la sachsische_n weichbild_n the_o sachsen-spiegel_n be_v at_o first_o like_o justinian_n institutes_n collect_v by_o a_o german_a nobleman_n eke_o von_fw-mi repkau_n out_o of_o a_o great_a many_o old_a record_n and_o law_n publish_v in_o the_o day_n of_o superstition_n and_o idolatry_n it_o contain_v in_o it_o three_o book_n whereof_o the_o first_o consist_v of_o 71_o article_n the_o second_o of_o 72_o and_o the_o three_o of_o 91._o this_o with_o a_o glossary_a annex_v explain_v all_o the_o difficult_a and_o antiquate_a law-term_n in_o it_o be_v first_o publish_v by_o one_o burchard_n lord_n of_o mangelfeld_n but_o a_o more_o accurate_a edition_n be_v afterward_o set_v out_o in_o print_n by_o c._n zobelius_n at_o leipsick_a in_o the_o year_n 1569._o das_fw-ge weichbild_n or_o wickbild_n signify_v proper_o
the_o follow_a order_n 2._o frideric_n ii_o son_n to_o the_o first_o 3._o ernest_n frideric_n the_o second_o be_v son_n 4._o frideric_n iii_o ernest_n son_n 5._o john_n frideric_n the_o three_o brother_n 6._o john-frideric_a the_o son_n of_o john_n a_o great_a promoter_n of_o the_o reform_a religion_n 7._o maurice_n cousin-german_a to_o his_o predecessor_n john_n who_o drive_v charles_n the_o five_o out_o of_o germany_n and_o be_v slay_v in_o the_o battle_n of_o siffridhuse_v against_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n 8._o augustus_n maurice_n brother_n 9_o christian_n augustus_n son_n 10._o christian_n ii_o son_n of_o christian_a the_o first_o 11._o john_n george_n christian_n the_o second_o be_v son_n who_o first_o side_v with_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n against_o the_o elector_n palatine_n and_o afterward_o with_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n against_o the_o emperor_n 12._o john_n george_n ii_o son_n to_o john_n george_n the_o first_o he_o spend_v the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o time_n in_o ease_n and_o quiet_a and_o die_v this_o last_o year_n 1680_o in_o a_o good_a old_a age_n leave_v the_o electorate_v to_o his_o son_n 13._o john_n george_n iii_o this_o elector_n be_v a_o prince_n of_o low_a stature_n but_o great_a spirit_n something_a fat_a and_o corpulent_a but_o withal_o active_a and_o brisk_a he_o be_v bear_v the_o 20_o day_n of_o june_n a._n d._n 1647_o and_o in_o the_o year_n 1663._o marry_v ann_n sophia_n princess_n of_o denmark_n and_o sister_n to_o the_o present_a king_n christian_n by_o she_o he_o have_v several_a child_n the_o elder_a of_o who_o john_n george_n be_v the_o electoral_a prince_n the_o revenue_n of_o this_o elector_n be_v think_v to_o be_v as_o great_a at_o least_o as_o any_o other_o prince_n in_o germany_n reveââââ_n reveââââ_n except_v only_o the_o imperial_a family_n although_o the_o circuit_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o number_n of_o his_o subject_n fall_v far_o short_a of_o what_o his_o neighbour_n the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v master_n of_o they_o that_o reckon_v his_o yearly_a revenue_n to_o amount_v to_o 400000_o pound_n sterling_a speak_v modest_o enough_o and_o he_o that_o shall_v careful_o compute_v all_o the_o income_n of_o his_o treasury_n from_o the_o imposition_n upon_o beer_n and_o all_o other_o commidity_n from_o tax_n mine_n etc._n etc._n will_v i_o presume_v find_v it_o rise_v to_o a_o much_o large_a sum_n the_o profit_n which_o arise_v to_o he_o out_o of_o the_o silver_n mine_n at_o freyberg_n and_o some_o other_o place_n in_o his_o territory_n have_v be_v long_o since_o compute_v to_o amount_v yearly_a to_o 130000_o pound_n and_o certain_o the_o daily_a increase_n of_o labourer_n will_v rather_o augment_v that_o sum_n the_o excise_n or_o impost_n upon_o beer_n in_o leipsick_a only_a a_o city_n consist_v of_o no_o more_o than_o two_o parish_n be_v usual_o farm_a at_o the_o rate_n of_o 20000_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la beside_o this_o and_o the_o like_a custom_n he_o have_v ten_o of_o all_o the_o corn_n fruit_n wine_n etc._n etc._n in_o his_o country_n add_v to_o these_o the_o great_a stand_a tax_n lay_v upon_o his_o subject_n towards_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o war_n against_o the_o turk_n grant_v at_o first_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n and_o hostility_n but_o gather_v since_o in_o day_n of_o peace_n at_o least_o as_o to_o that_o enemy_n under_o pretence_n of_o be_v in_o a_o readiness_n to_o receive_v he_o whensoever_o he_o shall_v attack_v this_o country_n answerable_a to_o these_o vast_a revenue_n be_v the_o pomp_n and_o splendour_n of_o his_o court_n his_o attendants_z be_v usual_o more_o numerous_a than_o the_o train_n of_o any_o of_o his_o neighbour-prince_n it_o be_v report_v that_o in_o the_o elector_n christian_n the_o second_o be_v court_n at_o the_o same_o time_n three_o duke_n as_o many_o earl_n and_o five_o baron_n of_o foreign_a nation_n beside_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o his_o own_o country_n be_v pensioner_n to_o that_o prince_n nor_o have_v the_o two_o late_a elector_n abate_v much_o of_o this_o state_n and_o grandeur_n witness_v the_o funeral_n of_o john_n george_n the_o first_o in_o the_o year_n 1657_o at_o which_o be_v twentyfour_o horse_n of_o state_n cover_v with_o black_a and_o the_o electoral_a eschutcheon_n wrought_v thereon_o each_o of_o they_o be_v lead_v by_o two_o gentleman_n after_o which_o follow_v three_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o person_n in_o mourning_n the_o court_n of_o saxony_n have_v be_v always_o more_o brand_v with_o excessive_a intemperance_n in_o drink_v then_o any_o other_o prince_n palace_n in_o germany_n nor_o have_v the_o elector_n themselves_o be_v able_a to_o shun_v the_o imputation_n a_o red_a nose_n be_v as_o be_v report_v by_o some_o of_o their_o own_o historian_n the_o inseparable_a badge_n of_o that_o family_n ii_o leipzig_n leipzig_n leipzig_n this_o city_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o the_o vandal_n who_o be_v ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 700_o and_o to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o slavonian_a or_o wendish_n word_n lipzk_n which_o signify_v a_o lindentree_n from_o the_o multitude_n of_o this_o sort_n of_o timber_n which_o former_o grow_v in_o this_o place_n whence_o in_o latin_a author_n we_o sometime_o meet_v with_o phylurea_n instead_o of_o lipsia_n from_o the_o greek_a word_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d tilia_fw-la it_o be_v seat_v at_o the_o concourse_n of_o three_o small_a river_n the_o elster_n pleissa_n and_o parda_fw-it in_o a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a plain_n abound_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n and_o pleasure_n as_o large_a and_o rich_a meadow_n which_o be_v mow_v twice_o constant_o sometime_o thrice_o a_o year_n pleasant_a wood_n and_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o fine_a orchard_n plentiful_o stock_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n within_o the_o wall_n there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o orchard_n or_o garden_n but_o the_o whole_a plot_n of_o ground_n be_v cover_v with_o stately_a fabric_n pleissenburg_n or_o the_o castle_n seat_v on_o the_o pleissa_n which_o defend_v the_o town_n be_v a_o strong_a fort_n and_o strict_o guard_v and_o st._n nicolas_n church_n be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o fair_a on_o the_o inside_n of_o any_o lutheran_n church_n in_o germany_n the_o citizen_n have_v general_o well-built_a house_n many_o whereof_o especial_o near_o the_o marketplace_n be_v seven_o some_o nine_o story_n high_a near_o this_o place_n be_v the_o chief_a seat_n of_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n of_o germany_n insomuch_o that_o this_o town_n be_v five_o several_a time_n besiege_v and_o take_v in_o the_o space_n of_o two_o year_n at_o the_o last_o it_o be_v take_v by_o the_o imperialist_n on_o the_o 12_o of_o august_n 1633._o but_o restore_v upon_o the_o ratification_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n betwixt_o the_o emperor_n and_o elector_n of_o saxony_n sign_v at_o prague_n a._n d._n 1635._o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o beside_o the_o purity_n of_o the_o high_a dutch_a tongue_n which_o be_v think_v to_o flourish_v here_o in_o a_o more_o refine_a strain_n then_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o misnia_n and_o consequent_o of_o germany_n the_o three_o thing_n follow_v 1._o the_o great_a traffic_n and_o concourse_n of_o merchant_n from_o all_o place_n of_o note_n in_o europe_n especial_o dure_v the_o three_o fair_n which_o be_v here_o keep_v yearly_o at_o christmas_n easter_n and_o michaelmas_n 2._o the_o high_a court_n of_o judicature_n before_o which_o the_o elector_n himself_o be_v bind_v to_o appear_v upon_o summons_n the_o manner_n of_o procede_v in_o this_o court_n be_v at_o large_a deliver_v by_o zobelius_n in_o his_o book_n entitle_v differentiae_fw-la juris_fw-la saxonici_fw-la &_o civilis_fw-la and_o by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o chronicon_fw-la lipsiense_n write_v not_o many_o year_n since_o in_o high_o dutch._n 3._o the_o university_n which_o be_v found_v here_o a._n d._n 1408_o upon_o the_o quarrel_n betwixt_o the_o hussites_n and_o papist_n at_o prague_n whereby_o the_o former_a be_v force_v to_o leave_v the_o town_n and_o to_o settle_v themselves_o at_o leipsig_n to_o which_o city_n two_o thousand_o of_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v flock_v in_o one_o day_n there_o be_v in_o it_o at_o this_o day_n four_o college_n and_o twenty_o four_o public_a professor_n among_o who_o the_o chief_a professor_n of_o divinity_n be_v dr._n john_n adam_n schertzer_n a_o person_n of_o wonderful_a humanity_n and_o as_o great_a learning_n the_o several_a book_n he_o have_v publish_v especial_o his_o collegium_fw-la anti-socinianum_a wherein_o he_o have_v brave_o confute_v those_o knotty_a argument_n of_o the_o cracovian_a party_n which_o few_o of_o his_o countryman_n before_o he_o be_v able_a to_o understand_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v to_o the_o world_n the_o quickness_n of_o his_o part_n and_o foundness_n of_o his_o judgement_n his_o
hludovicus_fw-la rex_fw-la missis_fw-la quibusdam_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la sine_fw-la bello_fw-la compressit_fw-la acceptisque_fw-la obsidibus_fw-la nonnullis_fw-la &_o muneribus_fw-la non_fw-la paucis_fw-la eos_fw-la sub_fw-la pristinum_fw-la redegit_fw-la servitium_fw-la i_o have_v be_v the_o more_o punctual_a in_o allege_v these_o authority_n because_o i_o find_v the_o polish_v writer_n obstinate_o deny_v that_o the_o silesian_n have_v in_o these_o day_n any_o other_o lord_n than_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n only_o vincentius_n kadlubko_n in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o polish_v chronicle_n seem_v to_o allow_v of_o the_o forementioned_a german_a relation_n when_o he_o say_v that_o boleslaus_n i._o annex_v seleucia_n prussia_n russia_n moravia_n and_o bohemia_n to_o the_o territory_n of_o his_o predecessor_n which_o intimate_v thus_o much_o that_o former_o seleucia_n or_o silesia_n be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o some_o other_o prince_n in_o the_o year_n 1042_o the_o emperor_n henry_n iii_o give_v a_o grant_n of_o silesia_n to_o bretislaus_n duke_n of_o bohemia_n who_o resign_v it_o up_o to_o the_o polander_n on_o condition_n they_o shall_v for_o ever_o pay_v out_o of_o it_o a_o yearly_a tribute_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o bohemia_n afterterwards_o henry_n iv_o at_o a_o diet_n hold_v at_o mentz_n a._n d._n 1086_o give_v power_n to_o vratislau_n king_n of_o bohemia_n to_o invade_v silesia_n lusatia_n and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o to_o subject_v they_o to_o his_o own_o government_n as_o be_v testify_v by_o cosmas_n pragensis_n who_o be_v himself_o present_a at_o the_o diet._n this_o cromer_n can_v deny_v but_o only_o in_o the_o height_n of_o his_o passion_n assert_n that_o neither_o the_o emperor_n henry_n nor_o king_n vratislaus_n have_v ever_o any_o thing_n to_o do_v with_o a_o foot_n of_o land_n in_o any_o of_o these_o territory_n this_o assignment_n of_o silesia_n occasion_v war_n betwixt_o the_o bohemian_o and_o polander_n the_o late_a whereof_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v be_v conqueror_n since_o we_o read_v that_o the_o silesian_n remain_v still_o subject_a to_o boleslaus_n iii_o king_n of_o poland_n this_o king_n son_n vladislaus_n ii_o be_v banish_v by_o his_o brother_n who_o his_o father_n have_v leave_v coheir_n with_o he_o of_o the_o kingdom_n out_o of_o poland_n flee_v to_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n iii_o who_o successor_n frideric_n i._o force_v king_n boleslaus_n iv_o to_o resign_v all_o silesia_n to_o this_o exile_a brother_n and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o vladislaus_n leave_v behind_o he_o three_o son_n boleslaus_n mieczislaus_n and_o conrade_n who_o be_v joint-dukes_n of_o silesia_n but_o pay_v some_o small_a homage_n and_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n the_o flock_v in_o of_o the_o german_n into_o silesia_n with_o vladislaus_n and_o his_o son_n and_o their_o settle_v themselves_o in_o this_o dukedom_n breed_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o bad_a blood_n betwixt_o this_o nation_n and_o the_o polander_n insomuch_o that_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n will_v seldom_o call_v any_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o silesia_n to_o the_o general_a assembly_n or_o the_o prince_n and_o nobility_n of_o that_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v they_o ever_o admit_v to_o succeed_v to_o the_o crown_n though_o before_o the_o kingdom_n come_v to_o be_v elective_a they_o have_v often_o the_o just_a title_n to_o it_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o son_n to_o the_o emperor_n henry_n vii_o be_v a_o zealous_a promoter_n of_o these_o dissension_n manage_v they_o so_o well_o to_o his_o own_o advantage_n that_o at_o last_o he_o become_v lord_n of_o silesia_n by_o a_o agreement_n make_v with_o casimir_n the_o great_a king_n of_o poland_n however_o by_o this_o treaty_n the_o whole_a dukedom_n be_v not_o make_v over_o to_o he_o for_o bernhard_n duke_n of_o sweidnitz_n still_o acknowledge_v the_o supremacy_n of_o the_o polish_v king_n as_o stanislaus_n lubienski_n prove_v out_o of_o several_a ancient_a record_n of_o that_o nation_n afterward_o casimir_n the_o great_a recover_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n the_o town_n and_o territory_n of_o wschovia_n contrary_a say_v curaeus_n to_o the_o article_n of_o the_o treaty_n sign_v by_o he_o and_o the_o forementioned_a john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o conquest_n or_o rather_o outrage_n commit_v by_o the_o say_v casimir_n soldier_n in_o the_o year_n 1343_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v keep_v actual_a possession_n of_o wschovia_n to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o casimir_n jagellonides_n iu._n john_n duke_n of_o oswiecieme_n venture_v upon_o a_o affront_n give_v he_o to_o invade_v poland_n and_o to_o lay_v waste_n several_a town_n and_o village_n in_o that_o kingdom_n the_o polander_n to_o make_v themselves_o satisfaction_n for_o this_o injury_n march_v into_o this_o duke_n territory_n and_o lay_v in_o ash_n the_o whole_a country_n before_o they_o until_o duke_n john_n be_v force_v to_o compound_v the_o business_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v for_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n resign_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n his_o whole_a right_n and_o title_n to_o the_o town_n and_o fort_n of_o oswieciem_fw-la by_o which_o mean_v that_o city_n be_v cut_v off_o from_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n dominion_n in_o the_o year_n 1454._o about_o the_o same_o time_n the_o duke_n of_o ratibor_n and_o sessine_n make_v over_o the_o dukedom_n of_o sever_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n who_o successor_n be_v lord_n of_o it_o to_o this_o day_n some_o other_o small_a tract_n of_o land_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o silesia_n do_v still_o belong_v to_o certain_a abbey_n and_o other_o religious_a house_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n but_o all_o the_o most_o note_a province_n except_o the_o dukedom_n of_o crossen_n of_o which_o in_o its_o place_n be_v reckon_v dependence_n on_o the_o crown_n of_o bohemia_n upon_o which_o score_n the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n style_v himself_o duke_n of_o silesia_n this_o great_a dukedom_n be_v common_o divide_v into_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a silesia_n diviââ_n diviââ_n in_o the_o former_a whereof_o be_v contain_v the_o city_n and_o territory_n of_o jagerndorf_n troppau_n teschen_n ratibor_n and_o oppelen_n and_o in_o the_o late_a the_o town_n and_o dukedom_n of_o grotkau_n and_o neisse_n brieg_n bresslau_n oelss_o munsterberg_n schweidnitz_n javer_n lignitz_n glogau_n sagan_n and_o crossen_n another_o division_n of_o it_o be_v into_o the_o polish_v and_o german_n silesia_n whereof_o the_o first_o contain_v all_o the_o tract_n of_o land_n beyond_o the_o northern_a bank_n of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o late_a that_o on_o the_o southern_a all_o along_o the_o coast_n of_o bohemia_n there_o be_v vast_o high_a mountain_n which_o separate_v that_o kingdom_n from_o the_o dukedom_n of_o bohemia_n soil_n soil_n the_o most_o remarkable_a of_o which_o be_v the_o montes_n sudetes_n or_o risen-bergen_a whereof_o the_o reader_n may_v expect_v a_o large_a account_n in_o the_o description_n of_o bohemia_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o silesia_n the_o four_o chief_a mountain_n be_v 1._o zottenberg_n or_o zobtenberg_n call_v by_o latin_a author_n mons_fw-la zotensis_n zabothus_n and_o sometime_o silensis_n or_o silentius_n it_o be_v usual_o by_o the_o neighbourhood_n be_v about_o two_o german_a mile_n distant_a from_o schweidnitz_n call_v the_o silesian_n wethercock_n for_o by_o the_o top_n of_o this_o mountain_n they_o pretend_v to_o guess_v what_o weather_n they_o be_v to_o expect_v the_o next_o morning_n on_o the_o top_n be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o old_a castle_n storm_v and_o demolish_v by_o the_o citizen_n of_o breslaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1471_o because_o it_o have_v be_v for_o several_a year_n the_o harbour_n and_o refuge_n of_o a_o great_a company_n of_o robber_n who_o here_o keep_v their_o rendezvous_n and_o daily_o infest_a the_o vicenage_n out_o of_o this_o hill_n the_o silesian_n dig_v a_o delicate_a dark-green_a marble_n 2._o gratsberg_n or_o grodisberg_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o lignitz_n on_o the_o top_n whereof_o duke_n frideric_n the_o first_o build_v a_o fair_a castle_n which_o be_v since_o turn_v into_o a_o watch-tower_n 3._o spitsberg_n another_o beacon-hill_n not_o far_o from_o the_o former_a 4._o georgenberg_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o schweidnitz_n famous_a for_o the_o strigische_n err_v or_o terra_fw-la sigillata_fw-la which_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o hard_a earth_n with_o several_a white_a yellow_a and_o red_a stroke_n or_o vein_n in_o it_o it_o be_v first_o discover_v by_o a_o excellent_a chemist_n john_n montanus_n physician_n at_o strigaw_n and_o by_o he_o make_v use_v of_o as_o a_o antidote_n against_o all_o manner_n of_o poison_n and_o a_o sovereign_a medicine_n for_o a_o great_a many_o disease_n which_o he_o cure_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o facility_n the_o secret_a he_o keep_v for_o some_o year_n to_o himself_o but_o at_o last_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o his_o country_n and_o all_o mankind_n publish_v a_o
alphabet_n make_v use_n of_o in_o write_v out_o the_o bible_n by_o he_o translate_v into_o his_o own_o mother-tongue_n what_o become_v of_o this_o translation_n i_o know_v not_o except_o as_o some_o late_a antiquary_n have_v venture_v to_o say_v the_o ancient_a moscovian_a bible_n print_v in_o the_o year_n 1581._o be_v a_o transcript_n of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1346_o the_o bishopric_n of_o olmutz_n be_v remove_v from_o under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o mentz_n and_o subject_v to_o the_o new_a archbishop_n of_o prague_n though_o some_o of_o the_o late_a bishop_n of_o olmutz_n have_v deny_v to_o pay_v homage_n to_o any_o prelate_n under_o the_o pope_n 2._o brinn_n call_v in_o the_o bohemian_a language_n brno_n and_o by_o latin_a writer_n bruna_n brinn_n brinn_n be_v the_o second_o city_n in_o moravia_n and_o a_o town_n of_o so_o great_a repute_n that_o it_o seem_v to_o share_v with_o olmitz_n in_o the_o title_n of_o metropolis_n since_o in_o these_o two_o city_n by_o turn_n the_o chief_a court_n of_o judicature_n or_o assize_n for_o the_o whole_a marquisate_n be_v hold_v it_o be_v seat_v at_o the_o confluence_n of_o two_o small_a river_n schwarta_n and_o zwitta_n and_o defend_v by_o the_o spilberg_n a_o strong_a castle_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o adjoin_a hill_n the_n moravian_n philosopher_n make_v a_o great_a noise_n with_o the_o vnicornu_a minerale_fw-mi which_o among_o the_o other_o fossilia_fw-la of_o their_o country_n be_v say_v to_o be_v find_v near_o this_o city_n of_o which_o osv_n grollius_n in_o his_o book_n entitle_v de_fw-la signaturis_fw-la give_v this_o account_n vnicornu_a minerale_fw-mi nobis_fw-la quoque_fw-la deus_fw-la largitus_fw-la est_fw-la in_o moravia_n tribus_fw-la milliaribus_fw-la bruna_n ubi_fw-la eram_fw-la ante_fw-la medice_fw-la non_fw-la long_a a_o territorio_fw-la abbatis_fw-la zabrdovicensis_fw-la sub_fw-la altissima_fw-la rupe_n duorum_fw-la inusitatae_fw-la magnitudinis_fw-la animalium_fw-la incognitorum_fw-la ossa_fw-la una_fw-la cum_fw-la duobus_fw-la junioribus_fw-la efossa_fw-mi sunt_fw-la quae_fw-la absque_fw-la dubio_fw-la tempore_fw-la diluvii_fw-la aquarum_fw-la impetu_fw-la perierunt_fw-la in_o illa_fw-la solitudine_fw-la etc._n etc._n another_o author_n of_o the_o same_o tribe_n anselm_n boetius_fw-la de_fw-fr boodt_n physician_n to_o the_o emperor_n rudolf_n ii_o give_v a_o far_o different_a account_n of_o it_o cornu_fw-la fossil_n say_v he_o prope_fw-la brunam_fw-la moraviae_n urbem_fw-la inventum_fw-la ita_fw-la exact_v figuram_fw-la trunci_fw-la juglandis_fw-la intrinsecus_fw-la &_o extrinsecus_fw-la refert_fw-la ut_fw-la nemo_fw-la nisi_fw-la caecus_n negare_fw-la possit_fw-la truncum_fw-la illius_fw-la arboris_fw-la fuisse_fw-la ac_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la transmutationem_fw-la accepisse_fw-la hertod_n in_o his_o ingenious_a book_n beforementioned_a say_v there_o have_v be_v several_a fragment_n of_o this_o mineral_n find_v in_o the_o quarry_n near_o niclsburg_n one_o whereof_o exact_o resemble_v a_o man_n thigh_n i_o know_v not_o what_o more_o to_o make_v of_o all_o these_o relation_n then_o that_o there_o be_v now_o and_o then_o in_o the_o field_n near_o brinn_n find_v several_a rare_a petrification_n for_o that_o i_o think_v be_v as_o fit_v a_o name_n for_o they_o as_o vnicornu_a fossil_n represent_v the_o part_n of_o certain_a animal_n and_o plant_n which_o be_v no_o great_a miracle_n than_o may_v be_v daily_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o field_n here_o about_o oxford_n as_o may_v be_v see_v at_o large_a in_o the_o learned_a account_n give_v of_o such_o rarity_n in_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o this_o county_n 3._o iglaw_n call_v by_o the_o bohemian_o gihlawa_n iglaw_n iglaw_n seat_v on_o the_o border_n of_o bohemia_n upon_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v build_v in_o the_o year_n 799_o and_o to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o a_o urchin_n or_o hedgehog_n which_o in_o the_o german_a language_n be_v call_v igle_n but_o by_o the_o moravian_o gehlak_n because_o that_o upon_o the_o lay_v the_o first_o foundation_n of_o this_o city_n a_o great_a company_n of_o these_o kind_n of_o creature_n be_v find_v among_o the_o shrub_n and_o thicket_n which_o grow_v in_o this_o place_n the_o town_n be_v large_a well_o build_v and_o strong_o fortify_v it_o be_v a_o great_a thorow-fair_a frequent_v by_o multitude_n of_o traveller_n that_o pass_v this_o way_n out_o of_o bohemia_n towards_o hungary_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n the_o citizen_n as_o be_v daily_o accustom_a to_o converse_v with_o stranger_n be_v more_o oblige_v in_o their_o carriage_n then_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o countryman_n in_o the_o hussites-war_n this_o city_n steadfast_o oppose_v the_o introduce_v of_o the_o reform_a religion_n and_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o resolute_a obstinacy_n and_o malepert_a zeal_n maintain_v the_o superstitious_a discipline_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o luther_n doctrine_n begin_v to_o peep_v abroad_o in_o the_o world_n the_o heat_n be_v over_o with_o they_o and_o the_o citizen_n of_o iglaw_n of_o all_o the_o city_n of_o moravia_n subject_n to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n be_v the_o first_o who_o embrace_v the_o augsburg_n confession_n and_o turn_v rebel_n as_o themselves_o before_o have_v term_v other_o protestant_n to_o the_o pope_n interest_n in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n of_o germany_n immediate_o after_o the_o imperial_a force_n be_v rout_v at_o jankow_n in_o the_o year_n 1645_o this_o town_n be_v give_v up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o then_o triumphant_a swede_n who_o to_o make_v the_o city_n more_o tenable_a burn_v down_o the_o large_a suburb_n on_o every_o side_n and_o have_v so_o do_v defend_v the_o town_n with_o so_o much_o gallantry_n and_o manhood_n that_o all_o the_o force_n the_o emperor_n can_v bring_v against_o it_o be_v beat_v off_o for_o a_o twelvemonth_n after_o the_o jesuit_n college_n with_o the_o gymnasium_n annex_v found_v by_o adolph_n michael_n earl_n of_o altham_n be_v a_o great_a ornament_n to_o the_o town_n and_o the_o two_o monastery_n of_o dominican_n and_o franciscan_n be_v well_o worth_a the_o see_v the_o chief_a trade_n of_o the_o town_n beside_o the_o entertainment_n of_o passenger_n which_o bring_v in_o the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o riches_n be_v in_o sell_v beer_n and_o a_o sort_n of_o course_n woollen_a cloth_n which_o be_v make_v and_o dress_v after_o their_o fashion_n 4._o znaim_n znaim_n znaim_n in_o the_o bohemian_a language_n znoymo_n and_o in_o latin_a writer_n znogma_n stand_v on_o the_o teya_n in_o a_o pleasant_a soil_n and_o wholesome_a air_n the_o learned_a cluverius_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o this_o place_n be_v the_o same_o with_o ptolomy_n medoslanium_n but_o i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o his_o latitude_n will_v agree_v at_o all_o to_o znaim_n though_o his_o longitude_n come_v near_o it_o the_o annal_n of_o moravia_n tell_v we_o this_o city_n be_v first_o build_v in_o the_o place_n where_o it_o now_o stand_v by_o primislaus_n ottacar_n about_o the_o year_n 1222_o have_v before_o that_o time_n lie_v bury_v in_o its_o ash_n from_o the_o year_n 1145_o when_o vladislaus_n king_n of_o bohemia_n upon_o a_o provocation_n give_v he_o by_o his_o kinsman_n cunrad_n marquis_n of_o moravia_n whole_o destroy_v it_o and_o its_o inhabitant_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n the_o town_n be_v defend_v by_o a_o castle_n sufficient_o fortify_v both_o by_o nature_n and_o art_n but_o in_o great_a danger_n of_o be_v damage_v in_o time_n of_o siege_n from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o peldtenberg_n a_o adjacent_a mountain_n which_o overlook_v it_o and_o stand_v within_o canon-shot_a of_o it_o it_o lie_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o austria_n and_o therefore_o be_v sure_a to_o be_v the_o first_o place_n attack_v by_o the_o imperial_a force_n in_o case_n of_o any_o rebellious_a uproar_n in_o either_o bohemia_n or_o moravia_n as_o it_o have_v often_o already_o find_v by_o woeful_a experience_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o vineyard_n round_o the_o city_n which_o yield_v common_o good_a store_n of_o a_o indifferent_o palatable_a wine_n but_o the_o chief_a income_n of_o the_o citizen_n arise_v from_o the_o harbour_v of_o passenger_n which_o travel_v this_o road_n betwixt_o vienna_n and_o prague_n 5._o cremsir_fw-fr cremsir_fw-fr cremsir_fw-fr or_o kremsier_n call_v by_o the_o bohemian_o kromeritz_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n morawa_n about_o the_o middle_a way_n betwixt_o olmitz_n and_o hradisch_n be_v not_o many_o age_n ago_o a_o poor_a village_n but_o be_v now_o become_v one_o of_o the_o fair_a city_n in_o moravia_n the_o occasion_n of_o which_o alteration_n be_v this_o john_n bishop_n of_o olmitz_n buy_v the_o lordship_n of_o this_o village_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o successor_n of_o otto_n marquis_n of_o moravia_n after_o his_o death_n bruno_n bishop_n of_o the_o same_o diocese_n observe_v the_o convenient_a and_o pleasant_a situation_n of_o the_o place_n build_v in_o it_o a_o fair_a palace_n call_v to_o this_o day_n from_o its_o first_o founder_n name_n
henry_n the_o first_o be_v sister_n though_o other_o think_v it_o rather_o a_o corruption_n of_o papenberg_n or_o pfaffenberg_n as_o have_v be_v ancient_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o priest_n or_o pfaffen_n we_o have_v already_o acquaint_v the_o reader_n with_o the_o delicate_a situation_n of_o this_o city_n abound_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o rich_a fruit_n and_o plant_n beyond_o any_o of_o its_o neighbour_a province_n and_o shall_v here_o only_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o be_v observable_a within_o the_o town_n the_o old_a earl_n of_o bamberg_n keep_v their_o residence_n at_o altenburg_n about_o a_o english_a mile_n from_o the_o town_n but_o the_o bishop_n have_v now_o adays_o a_o palace_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o city_n on_o a_o small_a island_n in_o the_o river_n regnitz_n it_o be_v a_o pile_n of_o build_v sufficient_o magnificent_a and_o splendid_a rare_o beautify_v with_o large_a and_o fair_a orchard_n and_o garden_n the_o jesuit_n college_n and_o church_n make_v a_o good_a show_n and_o the_o four_o spire_n at_o the_o cathedral_n be_v noble_a schweinfurt_n or_o trajectus_n svevorum_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o swabe_n pass_v the_o river_n main_a in_o this_o place_n fâââ_n sââââââ_n fâââ_n goltmeyer_n say_v this_o town_n be_v build_v 217_o year_n before_o christ_n but_o bring_v little_a proof_n for_o what_o he_o report_v the_o town_n be_v at_o present_a neither_o very_o large_a nor_o populous_a but_o tolerable_o well_o fortify_v with_o wall_n and_o rampire_n and_o have_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o good_a river_n run_v by_o this_o city_n be_v by_o some_o reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o principality_n of_o hennenberg_n of_o which_o anon_o territorium_fw-la francofurtense_n to_o john_n hillersdon_n of_o the_o inner_a temple_n esq_n thismapp_n be_v humble_o dedicate_v by_o moses_n pitt_n the_o city_n and_o territory_n of_o francfurt_n upon_o the_o main_a the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a king_n of_o the_o franc_n have_v once_o make_v war_n against_o the_o saxon_n and_o thorough_o incense_v that_o bold_a and_o resolute_a people_n he_o can_v get_v but_o little_a rest_n till_o he_o have_v subdue_v they_o beyond_o all_o possibility_n of_o a_o rebellion_n for_o they_o be_v continual_o press_v in_o swarm_n upon_o the_o franc_n who_o when_o they_o find_v themselves_o too_o numerous_a for_o their_o enemy_n they_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o pursue_v to_o the_o very_a bank_n of_o the_o river_n main_a where_o they_o have_v sometime_o the_o misfortune_n to_o be_v cut_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o franc_n who_o well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o ford_n of_o that_o river_n will_v sudden_o rush_v in_o upon_o they_o and_o put_v most_o of_o they_o either_o to_o flight_n or_o the_o sword_n from_o these_o sally_n it_o be_v think_v the_o town_n of_o francfurt_n have_v its_o name_n it_o be_v seat_v upon_o one_o of_o these_o common_a ford_n of_o the_o franc_n this_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o ingenious_a gunther_n in_o his_o ligurinus_n where_o he_o say_v quia_fw-la carolus_n illic_fw-la saxonas_fw-la indomita_fw-la nimium_fw-la feritate_fw-la rebel_n oppugnans_fw-la rapidi_fw-la latissima_fw-la flumina_fw-la maeni_fw-la ignoto_fw-la fregisse_fw-la vado_fw-la mediumque_fw-la per_fw-la amnem_fw-la transmississe_fw-la svas_fw-la neglecto_fw-la ponte_fw-la cohortes_fw-la creditur_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o other_o say_v though_o without_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v build_v by_o francus_n the_o first_o captain_n of_o these_o people_n and_o that_o from_o he_o it_o get_v its_o name_n and_o some_o as_o ridiculous_o have_v call_v it_o helenopolis_n from_o the_o emperor_n constantine_n mother_n the_o town_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n separate_v from_o each_o other_o by_o the_o main_a whereof_o the_o great_a be_v call_v francfurt_n and_o the_o less_o sachsen-huss_a or_o the_o house_n of_o the_o saxon_n these_o two_o be_v unite_v by_o a_o stone-bridge_n across_o the_o river_n of_o thirteen_o or_o fourteen_o arch_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o same_o magistrate_n the_o city_n be_v strong_a and_o well_o fortify_v and_o which_o give_v it_o more_o strength_n than_o wall_n or_o rampire_n can_v do_v its_o inhabitant_n be_v unanimous_a professor_n of_o the_o lutheran_n religion_n the_o jew_n indeed_o have_v one_o street_n to_o themselves_o and_o be_v allow_v a_o synagogue_n with_o the_o public_a profession_n of_o their_o religion_n but_o these_o be_v so_o inconsiderable_a a_o handful_n of_o man_n that_o there_o be_v no_o fear_n of_o their_o disturb_v the_o government_n it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a traffic_n and_o well_o seat_v for_o that_o purpose_n for_o the_o main_a pass_v by_o the_o great_a city_n of_o bamberg_n schweinfurt_n wurtzburg_n and_o guemund_n give_v it_o a_o opportunity_n of_o trade_n with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o franconia_n and_o the_o same_o river_n run_v into_o the_o rhine_n carry_v off_o and_o bring_v in_o commodity_n from_o the_o remote_a part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o the_o netherlands_o the_o great_a concourse_n of_o foreign_a merchant_n be_v at_o the_o two_o great_a fair_n keep_v here_o yearly_o in_o march_n and_o september_n at_o which_o time_n all_o sort_n of_o commodity_n especial_o book_n be_v bring_v hither_o by_o the_o factor_n of_o the_o german_n hollander_n italian_n french_a and_z english_z they_o have_v every_o year_n a_o catalogue_n publish_v of_o such_o new_a book_n as_o be_v or_o will_v be_v bring_v into_o the_o fair_a and_o from_o they_o our_o london_n bookseller_n have_v of_o late_a year_n learn_v the_o trick_n of_o print_v a_o catalogue_n every_o term._n as_o long_o as_o this_o mart_n last_v which_o be_v usual_o three_o week_n there_o be_v here_o as_o great_a variety_n and_o choice_n of_o book_n as_o in_o any_o city_n in_o europe_n but_o when_o that_o be_v over_o the_o bookseller_n shop_n be_v usual_o shut_v up_o on_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o city_n they_o have_v a_o spacious_a horse-fair_a wherein_o yearly_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o good_a horse_n be_v buy_v and_o sell_v among_o the_o many_o privilege_n confer_v on_o this_o city_n by_o several_a of_o the_o german_a emperor_n privilege_n privilege_n the_o chief_a be_v its_o be_v appoint_v the_o certain_a place_n for_o the_o election_n of_o every_o new_a emperor_n this_o be_v a_o customary_a thing_n ever_o since_o arnulph_n the_o first_o be_v day_n but_o confirm_v only_o by_o charles_n iv_o author_n of_o the_o aurea_n bulla_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o treat_v at_o large_a in_o the_o general_n description_n of_o germany_n after_o the_o elector_n have_v give_v their_o voice_n in_o st._n bartholomew_n church_n if_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v as_o now_o there_o be_v eight_o elector_n it_o may_v easy_o happen_v which_o person_n have_v the_o most_o vote_n it_o have_v be_v usual_a for_o the_o two_o candidate_n to_o determine_v the_o quarrel_n by_o battle_n in_o the_o neighbour_a field_n wherein_o the_o conqueror_n be_v carry_v off_o with_o great_a acclamation_n back_o to_o the_o city_n and_o there_o proclaim_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n thus_o the_o controversy_n be_v decide_v betwixt_o henry_n landgrave_n of_o thuringen_n and_o conrade_n son_n to_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n ii_o as_o also_o between_o ludowic_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n and_o frideric_n arch_a duke_n of_o austria_n and_o last_o betwixt_o gunther_n count_n of_o schwartzenburg_n and_o charles_n iu._n these_o be_v the_o instance_n give_v by_o munster_n and_o some_o other_o german_a writer_n all_o of_o who_o martin_n zeiller_n rely_v on_o the_o authority_n of_o chrst_n lehman_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o spire_n fancy_v to_o be_v mistake_v and_o to_o report_v story_n which_o none_o of_o the_o more_o ancient_a historian_n who_o flourish_v in_o the_o time_n when_o these_o thing_n shall_v have_v be_v transact_v ever_o mention_n st._n bartholomew_n church_n in_o francfurt_n be_v a_o venerable_a and_o stately_a piece_n of_o architecture_n have_v be_v first_o build_v by_o king_n pepin_n charles_n the_o great_a be_v father_n some_o other_o public_a building_n as_o the_o town-hall_n several_a monastery_n etc._n etc._n be_v worth_a the_o see_v but_o the_o mineral_n spring_n and_o bath_n be_v most_o remarkable_a which_o be_v daily_o visit_v by_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o the_o town_n and_o neighbourhood_n among_o the_o rest_n there_o be_v one_o cold_a bath_n wherein_o as_o zeiller_n report_v it_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o his_o day_n to_o wash_v woman_n before_o they_o go_v to_o be_v marry_v or_o as_o soon_o as_o their_o month_n of_o childbed_n be_v over_o but_o that_o which_o give_v england_n the_o great_a cause_n to_o remember_v this_o city_n be_v the_o entertainment_n of_o some_o of_o our_o protestant_a minister_n who_o with_o their_o congregation_n flee_v hither_o in_o the_o day_n of_o queen_n mary_n bitter_a persecution_n yet_o i_o be_o sorry_a our_o island_n be_v force_v to_o own_o such_o a_o set_v of_o ecclesiastic_o who_o go_v hence_o a_o pack_n of_o zuinglian_a gospeler_n and_o
we_o add_v the_o revenue_n of_o all_o the_o demesn_n immediate_o subject_a to_o these_o prince_n and_o the_o church-land_n which_o after_o the_o reformation_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o electoral_a estate_n we_o may_v probable_o find_v the_o sum_n arise_v much_o high_a but_o now_o adays_o the_o case_n be_v alter_v and_o the_o great_a share_n of_o the_o riches_n as_o well_o as_o honour_n ancicient_o appropriate_v to_o this_o house_n be_v enjoy_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n the_o state_n of_o religion_n ãâã_d ãâã_d both_o in_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a palatinate_n have_v be_v exceed_o change_v and_o vary_v since_o the_o first_o introduce_v of_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n by_o count_n frideric_n ii_o for_o frideric_n iii_o set_v up_o the_o doctrine_n and_o discipline_n of_o john_n calvin_n which_o soon_o after_o his_o death_n be_v throw_v out_o by_o ludowic_n v._o a_o restorer_n of_o lutheranism_n his_o son_n frideric_n iv_o bring_v the_o calvinist_n once_o more_o in_o play_n for_o 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consider_v the_o different_a time_n wherein_o several_a paragraph_n of_o the_o book_n seem_o contradictory_n be_v pen_v for_o example_n it_o be_v true_a in_o the_o year_n 1680_o when_o the_o six_o sheet_n be_v print_v that_o augustus_n duke_n of_o saxony_n be_v administrator_n of_o magdeburg_n and_o halle_n as_o be_v say_v pag._n 21._o col._n 2._o and_o as_o true_a that_o the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v duke_n of_o both_o those_o place_n at_o the_o pen_n of_o pag._n 92._o some_o other_o considerable_a mistake_n we_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o may_v be_v thus_o correct_v i._o instead_o of_o halberstadt_n pag._n 9_o col_fw-fr 2._o lin_v 9_o read_v hildesheim_n as_o in_o pag._n 51._o col_fw-fr 1._o ii_o for_o charles_n iu._n wenceslaus_n etc._n etc._n pag._n 33._o col_fw-fr 1._o lin_v 35._o read_v wenceslaus_n charles_n the_o five_o son_n etc._n etc._n since_o as_o the_o best_a german_a historian_n inform_v we_o wence_n slave_n be_v the_o first_o of_o their_o emperor_n be_v that_o have_v the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n confer_v on_o he_o a_o alphabetical_a index_n contain_v the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o country_n city_n town_n rivers_n isle_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o map_n of_o the_o second_o volume_n place_n map_n latitude_n d._n m._n longitude_n d._n m._n at_fw-fr  _fw-fr aab_n 34_o 49_o 30_o 26_o 50_o aag_n 01_o 47_o 40_o 25_o 20_o aaken_v 14_o 51_o 30_o 29_o 00_o aaihusen_n 17_o 51_o 50_o 26_o 40_o aââ_n 01_o 51_o 00_o 20_o 00_o aââdelost_a 14_o 51_o 35_o 29_o 30_o aââ_n fl_fw-mi 38_o 46_o 00_o 23_o 40_o aââberg_n 01_o 46_o 50_o 23_o 30_o aâââg_n 01_o 47_o 00_o 24_o 10_o aâââw_n 38_o 47_o 00_o 24_o 20_o aâââ_n 2_o 3_o 05_o 54_o 10_o 25_o 50_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 53_o 40_o 25_o 50_o aââh_n 01_o 50_o 40_o 19_o 50_o aââve_a fl_fw-mi 05_o 53_o 25_o 26_o 30_o aââh_n 34_o 48_o
which_o be_v deny_v and_o the_o island_n affirm_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o 1616_o the_o company_n send_v eight_o sail_n of_o great_a ship_n and_o two_o pinnace_n which_o be_v all_o appoint_a to_o several_a harbour_n return_v with_o full_a lade_n beside_o a_o overplus_n they_o leave_v on_o shore_n this_o year_n they_o discover_v edges-island_n where_o they_o kill_v 1000_o morss_n and_o other_o island_n northeastward_a the_o hollander_n send_v four_o ship_n who_o make_v a_o bad_a voyage_n in_o 1617._o the_o english_a send_v out_o fourteen_o ship_n and_o two_o pinnace_n they_o depart_v from_o gravesend_n april_n 24_o and_o arrive_v at_o greenland_n may_v 28_o where_o they_o meet_v with_o eleven_o sail_n of_o dutch_a fish_v in_o horn-sound_n who_o they_o force_v away_o and_o take_v from_o they_o what_o they_o have_v catch_v as_o also_o the_o king_n subject_n which_o be_v find_v in_o their_o ship_n this_o year_n they_o make_v 1900_o tun_n of_o oil_n they_o send_v also_o a_o small_a ship_n northeastward_a which_o discover_v wyches-island_n in_o 79_o deg_fw-la and_o some_o other_o place_n where_o they_o kill_v store_n of_o morss_n this_o year_n the_o hull-man_n send_v a_o ship_n or_o two_o to_o greenland_n and_o pretend_v that_o it_o be_v their_o discovery_n which_o be_v by_o oath_n in_o the_o admiralty_n prove_v to_o be_v false_a the_o dutch_a also_o do_v the_o same_o in_o 1518_o a_o hull-man_n meet_v with_o some_o zelander_n animate_v they_o to_o go_v to_o greenland_n and_o in_o horn-sound_n to_o make_v a_o voyage_n perforce_o but_o the_o english_a chase_v they_o from_o thence_o take_v some_o of_o their_o good_n beside_o some_o ordinance_n and_o ammunition_n which_o be_v afterward_o restore_v a_o new_a company_n also_o of_o some_o english_a scot_n and_o zelander_n procure_v a_o grant_n for_o set_v forth_o ship_n to_o those_o part_n which_o cause_v the_o former_a adventurer_n to_o join_v to_o they_o the_o east-india_n company_n who_o set_v out_o that_o year_n thirteen_o ship_n and_o two_o pinnace_n but_o be_v disappoint_v and_o some_o of_o they_o fight_v with_o rob_v and_o worsted_n by_o a_o fleet_n of_o twentythree_a sail_n of_o zealanders_n who_o come_v thither_o on_o purpose_n so_o that_o prove_v a_o very_a unfortunate_a voyage_n in_o 1619_o nine_o ship_n be_v send_v which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o hollander_n be_v there_o before_o they_o and_o drive_v away_o the_o whale_n from_o the_o fish_n place_n make_v also_o a_o lose_a voyage_n beside_o another_o misfortune_n for_o as_o one_o of_o their_o best_a ship_n lay_v at_o anchor_n under_o a_o mountain_n a_o great_a piece_n of_o a_o rock_n of_o ice_n break_v off_o and_o fall_v upon_o the_o ship_n kill_v divers_a and_o wound_a more_o and_o so_o break_v the_o ship_n that_o she_o be_v very_o difficult_o fit_v up_o to_o serve_v home_o and_o when_o they_o come_v home_o the_o dutch_a who_o have_v full_o jade_v so_o much_o undersell_v they_o that_o they_o be_v very_o much_o discourage_v and_o give_v over_o their_o trade_n thither_o but_o mr._n ralph_n freeman_n with_o a_o few_o more_o of_o the_o companion_n still_o continue_v and_o in_o 1620_o set_v out_o seven_o sail_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o so_o many_o hollander_n and_o dane_n return_v half_o lade_v and_o in_o 1621._o eight_o ship_n go_v out_o which_o notwithstanding_o all_o the_o harm_n the_o dutch_a do_v they_o bring_v a_o reasonable_a good_a adventure_n of_o 1100_o tun_n of_o oil_n in_o 1622_o nine_o ship_n be_v send_v one_o whereof_o be_v wrack_v upon_o the_o ice_n the_o other_o bring_v home_o 1300_o tun_n of_o oil_n we_o find_v nothing_o worth_a relate_v till_o 1630_o when_o the_o company_n set_v out_o a_o ship_n wats_n âut_v of_o the_o relation_n publish_v by_o dr._n w._n wats_n command_v by_o william_n goodler_n who_o land_v in_o bell-sound_n and_o quick_o make_v up_o his_o lade_n send_v for_o the_o ship_n to_o come_v to_o take_v it_o in_o the_o wind_n prove_v to_o be_v contrary_a so_o the_o master_n set_v on_o shore_n eight_o of_o his_o man_n to_o kill_v they_o some_o deer_n who_o take_v with_o they_o two_o dog_n a_o gun_n two_o lance_n and_o a_o tinderbox_n the_o first_o day_n they_o kill_v fourteen_o deer_n but_o be_v weary_a and_o the_o night_n come_v on_o they_o lay_v they_o down_o to_o sleep_v in_o the_o convenient_a place_n they_o can_v find_v the_o next_o day_n prove_v very_o foggy_a and_o so_o much_o ice_n be_v get_v betwixt_o the_o shore_n and_o the_o ship_n that_o the_o ship_n be_v force_v to_o stand_v so_o far_o off_o into_o the_o sea_n that_o they_o lose_v the_o sight_n of_o she_o so_o they_o resolve_v to_o hunt_v till_o they_o come_v to_o green-harbour_n where_o they_o will_v stay_v for_o their_o ship_n in_o this_o passage_n they_o kill_v eight_o deer_n more_o with_o which_o they_o jade_v their_o shallop_z and_o come_v to_o green-harbour_n where_o when_o they_o arrive_v they_o find_v that_o the_o ship_n be_v go_v thence_o they_o resolve_v therefore_o to_o hasten_v to_o bell-sound_n to_o their_o captain_n and_o for_o the_o more_o speed_n they_o cast_v their_o venison_n overboard_o into_o the_o sea_n so_o they_o sail_v all_o that_o night_n and_o the_o next_o day_n but_o have_v no_o compass_n they_o wander_v to_o and_o again_o so_o long_o till_o the_o ship_n be_v depart_v thence_o also_o these_o eight_o person_n see_v themselves_o in_o almost_o a_o desperate_a condition_n resolve_v however_o not_o to_o be_v want_v to_o their_o own_o preservation_n and_o therefore_o they_o present_o go_v about_o to_o get_v provision_n for_o the_o long_a winter_n the_o first_o day_n they_o kill_v seven_o deer_n and_o four_o bear_n the_o next_o six_o deer_n but_o the_o night_n come_v upon_o they_o and_o leave_v their_o provision_n in_o their_o shallop_z there_o arise_v a_o very_a high_a wind_n which_o sink_v their_o shallop_z and_o in_o the_o morning_n they_o find_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o their_o store_n swim_v by_o the_o shore_n which_o with_o great_a labour_n and_o some_o danger_n they_o recover_v as_o also_o their_o shallop_z which_o by_o main_a force_n they_o hale_v upon_o the_o shore_n the_o next_o thing_n be_v to_o provide_v their_o habitation_n for_o which_o purpose_n they_o make_v use_v of_o the_o tent_n wherein_o the_o cooper_n use_v to_o work_v which_o be_v make_v of_o timber_n and_o board_n cover_v with_o flemish_a tile_n which_o be_v unable_a to_o resist_v the_o cold_a they_o build_v another_o tent_n or_o house_n within_o it_o twenty_o foot_n long_o and_o sixteen_o broad_a and_o stow_v the_o distance_n with_o earth_n bone_n of_o fish_n fritture_v of_o whale_n and_o such_o old_a timber_n as_o they_o can_v gather_v up_o of_o break_a shallop_n and_o the_o like_a of_o which_o they_o make_v the_o best_a provision_n they_o can_v lay_v it_o upon_o the_o beam_n that_o be_v under_o the_o tile_n they_o make_v also_o four_o cabin_n two_o to_o a_o cabin_n and_o furnish_v they_o with_o the_o skin_n of_o bear_n deer_n and_o fox_n they_o have_v catch_v beside_o piece_n of_o old_a sail_n they_o find_v there_o have_v accommodate_v these_o thing_n they_o go_v out_o again_o to_o search_v for_o more_o provision_n and_o upon_o the_o ice_n they_o find_v two_o morss_n sleep_v they_o kill_v they_o both_o and_o roast_v they_o in_o their_o tent_n and_o eat_v they_o at_o leisure_n review_v their_o provision_n they_o find_v it_o unsufficient_a to_o serve_v half_o the_o winter_n and_o therefore_o they_o first_o limit_v themselves_o to_o one_o meal_n a_o day_n and_o afterward_o cut_v off_o one_o meal_n in_o a_o week_n more_o and_o so_o many_o meal_n they_o feed_v upon_o the_o fritture_v of_o the_o whale_n reserve_v their_o venison_n for_o sickness_n and_o holiday_n this_o they_o preserve_v by_o roast_v and_o stow_v it_o in_o their_o empty_a cask_n which_o they_o find_v there_o before_o they_o be_v well_o provide_v they_o begin_v to_o want_v light_n for_o from_o october_n the_o fourteen_o till_o february_n the_o three_o they_o have_v not_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o in_o clear_a weather_n they_o want_v not_o the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v a_o great_a advantage_n and_o consolation_n unto_o they_o for_o look_v out_o on_o a_o bright_a moon-shining_a day_n they_o espy_v a_o great_a she-bear_a with_o her_o cub_n come_v towards_o the_o tent_n they_o fight_v with_o and_o kill_v she_o but_o the_o cub_n escape_v they_o hale_v she_o into_o their_o tent_n and_o feed_v upon_o she_o twenty_o day_n her_o flesh_n be_v tolerable_o pleasant_a and_o wholesome_a but_o the_o liver_n make_v their_o skin_n to_o peel_n off_o which_o be_v also_o observe_v by_o the_o dutch_a that_o winter_a in_o nova-zembla_n many_o bear_n afterward_o come_v to_o visit_v they_o at_o least_o forty_o but_o they_o can_v kill_v no_o more_o than_o seven_o one_o
the_o second_o for_o business_n of_o war_n the_o three_o for_o the_o demean_n and_o revenue_n of_o the_o prince_n the_o four_o for_o trade_n and_o merchandise_n the_o five_o for_o determination_n of_o civil_a cause_n among_o themselves_o the_o six_o for_o criminal_a matter_n every_o council_n have_v its_o precedent_n counsellor_n secretary_n etc._n etc._n who_o write_v all_o thing_n at_o large_a in_o roll_n after_o the_o ancient_a manner_n sometime_o thirty_o or_o forty_o ell_n long_o whereof_o they_o have_v vast_a quantity_n orderly_o lay_v up_o in_o their_o respective_a office_n to_o these_o also_o be_v refer_v all_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n every_o province_n be_v assign_v to_o one_o of_o these_o to_o send_v their_o appeal_n make_v their_o relation_n receive_v order_n and_o the_o like_a every_o council_n know_v the_o province_n that_o belong_v to_o it_o and_o the_o province_n know_v its_o own_o council_n and_o office_n where_o to_o make_v their_o application_n in_o 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horse_n who_o beside_o the_o prince_n horse_n mind_n also_o the_o guard_n their_o discipline_n and_o quarter_a the_o ocolnick_n or_o chief_a justice_n who_o they_o call_v the_o great_a counsellor_n always_o present_a with_o the_o prince_n person_n under_o who_o be_v the_o neddesnick_n who_o command_v all_o the_o sergeant_n prison_n etc._n etc._n and_o divers_a of_o these_o be_v sometime_o bestow_v upon_o the_o same_o person_n ilias_n danielowitz_n miloslawsky_n be_v generalissimo_n a_o employment_n very_o befit_v he_o for_o he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a courage_n and_o strength_n both_o of_o body_n and_o mind_n he_o have_v such_o a_o vast_a memory_n that_o he_o know_v all_o the_o commission-officer_n of_o a_o army_n of_o eighty_o thousand_o what_o their_o ability_n and_o where_o their_o quarter_n he_o be_v also_o treasurer_n and_o have_v divers_a office_n beside_o afanase_n nashockin_n succeed_v he_o in_o his_o prince_n favour_n and_o be_v chancellor_n treasurer_n lord_n of_o russia_n minor_a and_o have_v several_a other_o employment_n a_o man_n not_o corrupt_v by_o bribe_n very_o sober_a and_o abstemious_a indefatigable_a in_o business_n and_o who_o serious_o set_v about_o a_o reformation_n of_o the_o evil_a custom_n of_o his_o country_n but_o such_o a_o vast_a dominion_n as_o russia_n can_v be_v govern_v without_o very_a many_o magistrate_n magistrate_n inferior_a magistrate_n and_o such_o indeed_o there_o be_v there_o be_v a_o court_n or_o council_n for_o the_o government_n of_o moskow_n who_o have_v many_o officer_n under_o they_o in_o all_o the_o great_a frontier_n city_n be_v weywod_n or_o governor_n of_o great_a quality_n and_o experience_n and_o in_o every_o city_n two_o if_o not_o three_o beside_o the_o officer_n of_o justice_n etc._n etc._n in_o lesser_a city_n be_v also_o governor_n but_o of_o lesser_a quality_n who_o the_o grand_a tzar_n appoint_v by_o deliver_v they_o a_o staff_n which_o at_o their_o return_n they_o restore_v he_o again_o and_o this_o be_v the_o ensign_n of_o their_o power_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v divers_a other_o magistrate_n as_o the_o gubnoy-starust_a which_o be_v like_o a_o alderman_n or_o mayor_n of_o a_o town_n sotskoy-starust_a like_o a_o bailie_n of_o a_o hundred_o and_o divers_a other_o who_o can_v judge_n in_o small_a case_n and_o from_o who_o there_o lie_v appeal_n a_o great_a catalogue_n of_o they_o be_v in_o olearius_n a_o 1636._o but_o afanase_n nasbockin_n have_v a_o design_n that_o to_o save_v the_o subject_n trouble_v and_o the_o prince_n charge_n the_o governor_n shall_v in_o many_o case_n and_o even_o in_o some_o capital_a matter_n have_v power_n of_o judge_v without_o appeal_n and_o execute_v also_o their_o judgement_n one_o thing_n seem_v very_o faulty_a in_o their_o government_n that_o have_v so_o many_o magistrate_n salary_v by_o the_o prince_n their_o stipend_n must_v necessary_o be_v very_o small_a and_o inconsiderable_a yet_o be_v they_o by_o these_o to_o make_v their_o fortune_n and_o many_o of_o they_o to_o receive_v reward_n of_o former_a service_n and_o expense_n consequent_o they_o must_v oppress_v the_o people_n and_o so_o much_o the_o more_o as_o will_v not_o only_o satisfy_v themselves_o but_o also_o buy_v their_o peace_n and_o impunity_n at_o their_o return_n from_o their_o employment_n thus_o much_o for_o their_o government_n emperor_n the_o revenue_n of_o the_o emperor_n let_v we_o see_v what_o mean_v there_o be_v to_o maintain_v it_o the_o emperor_n revenue_n i_o mean_v which_o be_v very_o great_a and_o arise_v thus_o 1._o there_o be_v the_o office_n of_o the_o steward_n which_o receive_v all_o the_o emperor_n revenue_n of_o his_o inheritance_n or_o crown-land_n which_o contain_v thirty-six_a town_n with_o their_o territory_n whereof_o some_o pay_v their_o rent_n in_o money_n other_o in_o corn_n or_o other_o provision_n this_o provision_n for_o the_o emperor_n household_n be_v more_o than_o be_v spend_v and_o the_o surplus_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o steward_n and_o the_o money_n bring_v into_o the_o treasury_n which_o according_a to_o the_o bounty_n and_o hospitality_n of_o the_o emperor_n be_v more_o or_o less_o in_o ivan_n vasilowich_n time_n it_o be_v account_v 60000_o rubble_n per_fw-la ann_n but_o in_o his_o son_n time_n 230000._o and_o this_o common_o be_v employ_v in_o pay_v the_o wage_n of_o his_o houshold-servant_n 2._o the_o office_n that_o receive_v the_o tagla_n and_o podat_n tagla_n be_v a_o imposition_n upon_o every_o measure_n of_o grain_n that_o grow_v in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o podat_n be_v a_o tax_n of_o money_n upon_o every_o town_n and_o precinct_n bring_v in_o communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la about_o 400000_o rubble_n 3._o the_o court_n of_o the_o great_a income_n bulsha_o precod_n receive_v all_o the_o custom_n upon_o commodity_n in_o all_o the_o principal_a town_n and_o this_o be_v farm_a out_o to_o the_o respective_a place_n and_o be_v therefore_o as_o trade_n rise_v and_o fall_v sometime_o more_o sometime_o less_o
fish_n butter_n tallow_n hides_n etc._n etc._n be_v bring_v from_o all_o part_n of_o norway_n to_o be_v ship_v off_o into_o other_o country_n the_o townsman_n not_o many_o year_n ago_o observe_v the_o daily_a increase_n of_o their_o trade_n and_o the_o great_a concourse_n of_o stranger_n which_o it_o draw_v from_o all_o part_n and_o fear_v they_o themselves_o may_v at_o last_o be_v prejudice_v by_o a_o unlimited_a and_o general_a admission_n of_o foreign_a tradesman_n and_o merchant_n into_o their_o city_n make_v a_o order_n that_o whoever_o will_v after_o such_o a_o time_n be_v admit_v a_o freeman_n of_o the_o town_n shall_v either_o be_v whip_v at_o a_o game_n institute_v upon_o this_o occasion_n and_o call_v by_o they_o gantenspill_n or_o roll_v in_o mud_n and_o dirt_n or_o last_o hang_v in_o a_o basket_n over_o some_o intolerable_a and_o filthy_a smoke_n this_o hard_a usage_n quick_o diminish_v the_o number_n of_o foreigner_n who_o fancy_v it_o scarce_o worth_n their_o while_n to_o purchase_v their_o freedom_n at_o so_o dear_a and_o scandalous_a a_o rate_n but_o of_o late_a the_o industry_n and_o skill_n as_o well_o as_o number_v of_o the_o inhabitant_n increase_n these_o barbarous_a custom_n be_v lay_v aside_o and_o the_o citizen_n themselves_o be_v now_o able_a to_o export_v what_o be_v former_o fetch_v away_o from_o they_o the_o bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n be_v heretofore_o under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o truntheim_n to_o the_o governor_n of_o berghen_n be_v subject_a the_o prefecture_n of_o sudhornleen_n nordhornleen_n soghne_n sudfiord_n norfiord_n and_o sundmerleen_n the_o prefecture_n and_o bishopric_n of_o nidrosia_n or_o truntheim_n the_o four_o castle_n and_o government_n in_o norway_n be_v that_o of_o the_o city_n nidrosia_n as_o it_o be_v ancient_o call_v from_o the_o river_n nider_n on_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v or_o truntheim_n former_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o king_n and_o archbishop_n of_o norway_n pontanus_n somewhere_o call_v this_o city_n the_o cabinet_n of_o all_o the_o norwegian_a monument_n but_o wormius_n find_v no_o great_a reason_n to_o confer_v so_o honourable_a a_o title_n upon_o it_o when_o after_o a_o diligent_a search_n into_o the_o antiquity_n old_a monument_n and_o relic_n of_o the_o primitive_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o kingdom_n he_o meet_v with_o no_o more_o than_o three_o runic_a inscription_n in_o this_o whole_a diocese_n the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o haven_n make_v this_o place_n resort_v to_o by_o some_o mariner_n and_o merchant_n to_o this_o day_n but_o the_o ruin_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o look_v more_o like_o a_o village_n than_o city_n not_o have_v have_v any_o opportunity_n of_o recover_v its_o former_a splendour_n since_o it_o be_v burn_v down_o in_o the_o year_n 1522._o its_o house_n be_v a_o company_n of_o old_a fashion_a and_o rot_a building_n and_o the_o king_n palace_n be_v decay_v below_o the_o meanness_n of_o a_o english_a cottage_n however_o something_o of_o its_o ancient_a grandeur_n still_o appear_v in_o the_o cathedral_n dedicate_v to_o st._n olaus_n which_o though_o almost_o consume_v by_o fire_n yet_o by_o the_o ruin_n show_v itself_o to_o have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o magnificent_a and_o large_a structure_n in_o the_o world_n in_o this_o church_n the_o huntsman_n be_v wont_a to_o make_v a_o yearly_a offering_n of_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o large_a and_o stout_a white_a bear_n which_o they_o kill_v for_o the_o priest_n to_o tread_v upon_o at_o divine_a service_n groneland_n and_o iseland_n be_v former_o part_n of_o the_o diocese_n of_o truntheim_n but_o now_o this_o bishopric_n be_v not_o of_o so_o large_a a_o extent_n in_o the_o castle_n reside_v the_o governor_n of_o the_o whole_a prefecture_n of_o truntheim_n who_o have_v under_o he_o several_a other_o governor_n of_o lesser_a province_n in_o the_o country_n a_o little_a beyond_o this_o city_n there_o grow_v no_o wood_n at_o all_o but_o instead_o thereof_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v use_v of_o fish-bone_n as_o well_o to_o build_v their_o house_n and_o for_o several_a implement_n of_o householdstuff_n as_o fuel_n and_o with_o the_o fat_a of_o the_o same_o fish_n they_o feed_v their_o lamp_n in_o winter_n the_o prefecture_n of_o truntheim_n in_o the_o year_n 1658_o be_v by_o the_o dane_n surrender_v up_o to_o the_o swede_n by_o a_o public_a treaty_n of_o peace_n the_o next_o year_n they_o wrest_v it_o again_o out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swedish_n king_n but_o resign_v it_o back_o at_o the_o treaty_n of_o roschild_n halgoland_n the_o country_n of_o ohther_n king_n aelfred_n geographer_n be_v a_o part_n of_o this_o prefecture_n of_o which_o that_o author_n give_v this_o account_n to_o the_o king_n his_o master_n ê§_n nan_o man_n ne_o bude_n be_v nor_o ðh_n a_fw-fr he_o i_o e._n that_o no_o inhabit_a country_n lie_v further_a north_n than_o this_o but_o the_o great_a fish_n trade_n upon_o these_o coast_n have_v make_v the_o english_a better_a acquaint_v with_o these_o part_n than_o this_o gentleman_n be_v with_o his_o own_o country_n the_o prefecture_n of_o wardhus_n the_o castle_n of_o wardhus_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o five_o and_o last_o great_a governor_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o island_n warda_n in_o which_o it_o stand_v this_o isle_n lie_v about_o two_o german_a mile_n from_o the_o main_a land_n of_o finmark_n be_v near_o twelve_o english_a mile_n in_o compass_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o and_o the_o two_o adjoin_a isle_n which_o in_o finmark_n go_v all_o under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o trunsolem_n live_v only_o upon_o stockfish_n which_o they_o dry_v in_o the_o frost_n they_o have_v no_o manner_n of_o bread_n nor_o drink_n but_o what_o be_v bring_v they_o from_o other_o place_n some_o small_a stock_n of_o cattle_n they_o have_v but_o only_o such_o as_o can_v make_v a_o shift_n to_o live_v of_o their_o master_n diet_n dry_a fish_n finmark_n or_o norwegian_n lapland_n on_o the_o north_n of_o norway_n lie_v finmark_n or_o as_o the_o native_n use_v to_o call_v it_o taakemark_n which_o perhaps_o be_v the_o ancient_a habitation_n of_o the_o finni_n mention_v by_o tacitus_n for_o the_o character_n which_o that_o historian_n give_v we_o of_o those_o people_n be_v very_o applicable_a to_o the_o modern_a finmarker_n the_o finni_n say_v he_o be_v a_o people_n extraordinary_a savage_a and_o miserable_o poor_a they_o have_v neither_o horse_n arm_n house_n nor_o home_n but_o feed_v upon_o root_n and_o such_o provision_n as_o their_o bow_n and_o arrow_n can_v procure_v and_o be_v clothe_v with_o the_o skin_n of_o wild_a beast_n to_o this_o day_n finmark_n be_v not_o divide_v as_o all_o other_o country_n general_o be_v into_o distinct_a lordship_n and_o inheritance_n but_o as_o in_o mr._n hobbes_n state_n of_o nature_n every_o private_a man_n pretend_v a_o right_a and_o title_n to_o every_o part_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o arm_n be_v the_o only_a judge_n of_o controversy_n when_o fish_v season_n come_v in_o they_o throng_v to_o the_o seacoast_n and_o when_o that_o be_v over_o retire_v again_o into_o the_o upland_n only_o the_o islander_n in_o heymeland_n keep_v their_o station_n and_o have_v their_o church_n in_o trom_n suro_n maggero_n and_o other_o place_n the_o language_n manner_n and_o habit_n of_o the_o people_n be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o the_o swedish_n lapland_n of_o which_o a_o account_n have_v be_v already_o give_v of_o the_o ancient_a commerce_n between_o the_o old_a britain_n english_a and_o norwegian_n though_o the_o relation_n which_o our_o english_a writer_n give_v we_o of_o the_o prowess_n and_o brave_a exploit_n of_o the_o valiant_a british_a king_n arthur_n savour_v too_o much_o of_o romance_n yet_o in_o the_o main_a our_o best_a historian_n agree_v unanimous_o in_o this_o that_o no_o prince_n ever_o conquer_v more_o of_o the_o northern_a kingdom_n than_o this_o king_n w._n lambert_n in_o his_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d assure_v we_o that_o all_o the_o island_n nation_n and_o kingdom_n in_o the_o north_n and_o east_n sea_n as_o far_o as_o russia_n be_v tributary_n to_o he_o and_o geoffry_n of_o monmouth_n say_v king_n arthur_z at_o one_o time_n summon_v no_o less_o than_o six_o king_n to_o appear_v before_o he_o at_o his_o court_n in_o britain_n viz._n 1._o guillaumur_n king_n of_o ireland_n 2._o malvase_n king_n of_o iseland_n 3._o doldaff_n king_n of_o gothland_n 4._o gunnase_n king_n of_o orkney_n 5._o lot_z king_n of_o norway_n and_o 6._o aschile_o king_n of_o denmark_n upon_o these_o conquest_n the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o the_o norwegian_n incorporate_v into_o one_o nation_n with_o the_o britain_n but_o this_o amity_n be_v of_o no_o long_a continuance_n for_o norway_n be_v at_o too_o great_a a_o distance_n
and_o its_o people_n too_o stiff-necked_a to_o be_v keep_v in_o subjection_n in_o the_o day_n of_o our_o saxon_a king_n a_o continual_a and_o uninterrupted_a war_n between_o this_o nation_n and_o the_o northern_a kingdom_n put_v a_o stop_n to_o all_o trade_n in_o the_o british_a and_o norwegian_a sea_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o dane_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o this_o island_n commerce_n be_v again_o renew_v which_o last_v till_o the_o english_a take_v their_o opportunity_n to-shew_a the_o world_n by_o reject_v the_o power_n of_o denmark_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o communication_n with_o that_o people_n how_o high_o they_o resent_v the_o tyrannical_a usurpation_n of_o foreign_a prince_n since_o the_o conquest_n england_n have_v seldom_o or_o never_o want_v a_o considerable_a fleet_n of_o norway_n merchantman_n william_n of_o malmesbury_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1142_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o his_o time_n bristol_n be_v a_o place_n much_o frequent_v by_o the_o irish_a and_o norwegian_n hackluit_fw-la give_v a_o account_n of_o certain_a treaty_n concern_v the_o northern_a trade_n between_o our_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o and_o haquin_n king_n of_o norway_n he_o that_o will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o read_v over_o the_o agreement_n between_o henry_n iv_o king_n of_o england_n and_o the_o company_n of_o merchant_n from_o the_o hans_n town_n set_v down_o at_o large_a by_o mr._n hackluit_fw-la in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o his_o english_a voyage_n p._n 146._o will_v find_v a_o considerable_a register_n of_o our_o merchantman_n take_v on_o the_o coast_n and_o out_o of_o the_o havens_n of_o norway_n and_o may_v thence_o be_v enable_v to_o give_v a_o tolerable_a guess_n at_o the_o number_n of_o our_o norway_n merchant_n in_o those_o day_n in_o the_o twenty-fifth_a year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o our_o present_a sovereign_a charles_n ii_o a_o act_n pass_v for_o the_o encouragement_n of_o the_o greenland_n and_o eastland_n trade_n etc._n etc._n in_o which_o it_o be_v order_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a to_o and_o for_o every_o person_n and_o person_n native_a or_o foreigner_n from_o and_o after_o the_o first_o day_n of_o may_n 1673_o at_o all_o time_n to_o have_v free_a liberty_n to_o trade_n into_o and_o from_o sweden_n denmark_n and_o norway_n this_o and_o several_a other_o clause_n of_o the_o same_o act_n which_o take_v off_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o custom_n former_o pay_v upon_o the_o importation_n of_o any_o east-land_n commodity_n have_v encourage_v great_a number_n of_o merchant_n and_o other_o to_o traffic_v in_o these_o northern_a sea_n and_o improve_v the_o trade_n of_o greenland_n and_o norway_n far_o beyond_o the_o example_n of_o former_a age_n for_o though_o the_o advantage_n that_o can_v be_v hope_v for_o from_o these_o kind_n of_o voyage_n be_v not_o answerable_a to_o what_o may_v be_v expect_v out_o of_o the_o levant_n and_o american_n plantation_n yet_o the_o small_a danger_n and_o charge_n these_o man_n be_v expose_v to_o be_v strong_a inducement_n to_o venture_v a_o voyage_n wherein_o the_o hazard_n be_v not_o great_a nor_o any_o way_n proportionable_a to_o the_o prospect_n of_o gain_n beside_o in_o the_o act_n before_o mention_v it_o be_v provide_v that_o whatsoever_o person_n or_o person_n subject_n of_o this_o realm_n shall_v desire_v to_o be_v admit_v into_o the_o fellowship_n of_o merchant_n of_o eastland_n shall_v be_v admit_v into_o the_o say_a fellowship_n pay_v for_o his_o admission_n the_o sum_n of_o forty_o shilling_n and_o no_o more_o which_o be_v a_o sum_n exceed_o inconsiderable_a if_o compare_v with_o the_o fee_n pay_v upon_o admission_n into_o some_o other_o company_n the_o island_n of_o fero_n the_o fero_n island_n be_v only_o so_o many_o high_a and_o rocky_a mountain_n in_o the_o northern_a sea_n divide_v from_o one_o another_o by_o narrow_a frith_n and_o rapid_a current_n and_o enclose_v a_o large_a or_o lesser_a circuit_n of_o stony_a valley_n cover_v over_o with_o a_o turf_n of_o about_o two_o foot_n thick_a they_o be_v so_o call_v from_o fare_n which_o in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o native_n signify_v a_o ferry_n from_o the_o many_o ferries_n or_o cross_n of_o the_o water_n from_o one_o island_n to_o another_o they_o be_v sixteen_o in_o number_n 1._o fugloe_n or_o fowl-island_n about_o three_o english_a mile_n long_o and_o two_o broad_a 2._o swino_n in_o which_o be_v a_o pleasant_a valley_n of_o a_o mile_n in_o length_n 3._o videroe_n six_o mile_n long_o and_o three_o broad_a 4._o bordoe_v six_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o a_o mile_n broad_a famous_a for_o a_o good_a harbour_n call_v by_o the_o native_n vaag_v 5._o cunoe_n of_o the_o same_o bigness_n 6._o kalsoe_n something_o long_o and_o broad_a than_o either_o of_o the_o former_a 7._o osteroe_n twenty_o mile_n long_o and_o in_o some_o place_n two_o in_o other_o four_o mile_n broad_a 8._o stromoe_n twentyfour_o mile_n long_o and_o eight_o broad_a in_o this_o island_n stand_v thors-haven_n the_o metropolis_n and_o town_n of_o great_a traffic_n in_o all_o the_o fero_n island_n 9_o wagoe_o a_o round_a piece_n of_o ground_n of_o about_o eight_o mile_n in_o diameter_n 10._o migness_n 11._o rolter_n a_o mile_n long_o and_o half_a a_o mile_n broad_a 12._o sandoe_n eight_o mile_n long_o and_o four_o mile_n broad_a 13._o sknoe_n three_o mile_n long_o and_o one_o in_o breadth_n 14._o storetdiemen_n 15._o lille-diemen_n 16._o sideroe_n twenty_o mile_n long_o and_o eight_o broad_a the_o air_n in_o these_o island_n be_v in_o summer_n temperate_o warm_a not_o very_o hot_a at_o any_o time_n in_o the_o cold_a winter_n the_o frost_n be_v never_o so_o violent_a as_o to_o cause_v ice_n in_o any_o of_o the_o bay_n so_o that_o horse_n and_o sheep_n lie_v in_o the_o field_n the_o whole_a winter_n long_o they_o have_v never_o any_o thunder_n in_o the_o summer_n but_o frequent_o in_o the_o spring_n autumn_n and_o winter_n which_o be_v then_o general_o accompany_v with_o a_o storm_n and_o follow_v by_o shower_n of_o rain_n the_o air_n of_o itself_o be_v wholesome_a free_a from_o the_o plague_n smallpox_n or_o any_o contagious_a disease_n except_o bring_v in_o by_o foreigner_n so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v common_o long-lived_a however_o in_o some_o of_o the_o island_n the_o native_n be_v exceed_o subject_a to_o rheum_n which_o cause_n violent_a cough_n and_o headache_n both_o which_o disease_n they_o cure_v by_o drink_v sour_a whey_n as_o hot_a as_o they_o can_v endure_v it_o beside_o these_o the_o scurvy_a leprosy_n and_o a_o kind_n of_o feverish_a distemper_n call_v by_o the_o native_n landfarsoet_n be_v epidemical_a illness_n which_o reign_n in_o several_a of_o the_o isle_n but_o seldom_o or_o never_o turn_v to_o mortal_a disease_n the_o southern_a island_n produce_v great_a store_n of_o barley_n though_o hardly_o any_o other_o grain_n come_v to_o maturity_n insomuch_o that_o a_o tun_n of_o seed_n will_v ordinary_o yield_v twenty_o or_o thirty_o tun_n of_o grain_n the_o pasture_n ground_n afford_v great_a plenty_n of_o good_a and_o sweet_a grass_n these_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v fiedelands_n and_o take_v care_n common_o that_o they_o lie_v open_a to_o the_o north_n and_o north-east_n wind_n in_o some_o of_o these_o field_n they_o have_v stock_n of_o as_o large_a and_o fat_a ox_n as_o any_o other_o part_n of_o europe_n afford_v the_o island_n be_v all_o of_o they_o plentiful_o store_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o medicinal_a plant_n requisite_a for_o the_o cure_n of_o those_o distemper_n to_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v most_o incline_v among_o the_o rest_n you_o may_v every_o where_o meet_v with_o great_a quantity_n of_o scurvygrass_n water-cress_n sorrel_n etc._n etc._n they_o have_v great_a store_n of_o angelica_n which_o grow_v as_o well_o on_o the_o top_n of_o high_a hill_n as_o in_o the_o open_a field_n this_o common_o make_v one_o of_o their_o most_o delicate_a dish_n at_o all_o entertainment_n beside_o the_o radix_fw-la rhodia_n call_v in_o their_o language_n hielpe-rod_n be_v not_o where_o meet_v with_o in_o so_o great_a plenty_n as_o in_o these_o island_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o run_a stream_n and_o lake_n the_o distil_a water_n of_o this_o plant_n be_v here_o make_v use_n of_o upon_o all_o occasion_n as_o rose-water_n with_o we_o in_o england_n here_o be_v several_a sort_n of_o fowl_n as_o dove_n stare_v owl_n sparrow-hawk_n crow_n and_o raven_n many_o of_o which_o be_v white_a grelling_n etc._n etc._n their_o chief_a seafowl_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o teal_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o crow_n with_o a_o yellow_a long_a and_o round_a bill_n a_o great_a enemy_n to_o and_o persecutor_n of_o the_o raven_n the_o eyder_n a_o sort_n of_o duck_n which_o yield_v the_o eyder-down_a be_v a_o fowl_n peculiar_a to_o these_o island_n this_o bird_n usual_o pull_v the_o down_o from_o she_o own_o breast_n to_o build_v her_o nest_n