emulation_n betwixt_o the_o middle_n and_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n 50_o the_o citizen_n oration_n to_o the_o senate_n 51_o new_a reformation_n 53_o gregory_n the_o 11_o hold_v his_o residence_n at_o avignon_n ib._n new_a commission_n for_o the_o management_n of_o the_o war_n ib._n a_o conspiracy_n of_o the_o guelf_n 54_o the_o conspiracy_n defeat_v ib._n the_o speech_n of_o salvestro_n de_fw-fr medici_n 55_o the_o balia_n ib._n reformation_n again_o 56_o luigi_n guicciardini_n be_v oration_n ib._n new_a trouble_n 57_o the_o speech_n of_o a_o plebeian_n 58_o the_o people_n rise_v again_o 59_o the_o demand_n of_o the_o people_n 60_o michaele_n di_fw-fr lando_n a_o carder_n of_o wool_n ib._n michael_n overcome_v the_o multitude_n 62_o the_o popular_a faction_n distinguish_v from_o the_o plebeian_n ib._n another_o reformation_n 64_o the_o commons_o expel_v from_o the_o government_n 65_o michael_n lando_n imprison_v ib._n benedetto_n speech_n to_o his_o friend_n upon_o his_o go_v into_o banishment_n ib._n he_o die_v at_o rhodes_n 66_o very_fw-la de_fw-la medici_n be_v speech_n to_o the_o senate_n 67_o donato_n acciaivoli_n confine_v 68_o a_o new_a conspiracy_n defeat_v ib._n the_o duke_n of_o milan_n practice_n against_o the_o city_n of_o florence_n 69_o several_a family_n banish_v ib._n the_o king_n of_o naples_n die_v ib._n book_n iu._n peace_n betwixt_o florence_n and_o milan_n 72_o imola_n take_v by_o the_o duke_n philip_n 73_o the_o florentine_n overthrow_v ib._n rinaldo_n albizi_n exhortation_n to_o be_v quiet_a 74_o giovanni_n de_fw-fr medici_n be_v reply_n to_o rinaldo_n 75_o the_o faction_n of_o urano_n and_o the_o medici_n 76_o the_o great_a courage_n of_o biagio_fw-it del_fw-it milano_n ib._n the_o cowardice_n of_o zenobi_fw-la del_fw-it pino_n ib._n piccinino_n revolt_v 77_o carmignuola_n general_n of_o the_o league_n ib._n peace_n betwixt_o the_o league_n and_o the_o duke_n 78_o giovanni_n de_fw-fr medici_n speech_n to_o his_o son_n at_o his_o death_n ib_n cosimo_n heir_n to_o his_o father_n 79_o volterra_n revolt_n ib._n recover_v again_o by_o the_o florentine_n ib._n rinaldo_n persuade_v to_o war_n with_o lucca_n 80_o urano_n oppose_v it_o ib._n the_o cruelty_n of_o astorre_n 81_o rinaldo_n accuse_v 82_o his_o speech_n to_o the_o ten_o 83_o pagolo_n lord_n of_o lucca_n depose_v 84_o the_o florentine_n defeat_v ib._n peace_n between_o the_o florentine_n and_o the_o lucchesi_n ib._n florence_n in_o confusion_n 85_o cosimo_n medici_n depose_v and_o imprison_v 87_o federigo_n speech_n to_o cosimo_n his_o prisoner_n ib._n cosimo_n banish_v 88_o rinaldo_n speech_n to_o his_o friend_n ib._n eugenius_n the_o pope_n labour_v a_o peace_n 90_o cosimo_n recall_v ib._n rinaldo_n answer_n to_o the_o pope_n ib._n book_n v._n the_o soldier_n in_o italy_n distinguish_v into_o two_o party_n 93_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n promise_v his_o daughter_n to_o count_n francis_n sforza_n ib._n the_o pope_n invade_v make_v peace_n with_o sforza_n ib._n war_n in_o romagna_n ib._n sforza_n general_n of_o the_o pope_n league_n 94_o peace_n betwixt_o the_o league_n and_o the_o duke_n ib._n new_a ordinance_n in_o florence_n ib._n alphonso_n king_n of_o arragon_n defeat_v by_o the_o genoeses_n and_o bring_v prisoner_n to_o duke_n philip_n 95_o the_o duke_n and_o his_o authority_n in_o genoa_n ib._n genoa_n deliver_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n 96_o how_o it_o recover_v its_o liberty_n again_o ib._n rinaldo_n oration_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n ib._n the_o speech_n of_o a_o citizen_n of_o lucca_n to_o the_o people_n 98_o controversy_n between_o the_o greek_a and_o roman_a church_n 102_o determine_v at_o florence_n by_o the_o submission_n of_o the_o greek_a ib._n the_o pope_n delude_v and_o his_o country_n invade_v by_o nich._n piccinino_n 103_o the_o speech_n of_o neri_n a_o citizen_n of_o florence_n to_o the_o venetian_a senate_n 104_o nicolo_n piccinino_n defeat_v by_o count_n sforza_n 106_o he_o escape_v to_o fenna_n and_o from_o thence_o very_o strange_o to_o his_o army_n ib._n verona_n surprise_v by_o nicolo_n 107_o recover_v again_o by_o the_o count_n ib._n the_o duke_n of_o milan_n encourage_v in_o his_o expedition_n into_o tuscany_n by_o nicolo_n and_o the_o florentine_a exile_n 108_o the_o patriarch_n of_o alexandria_n general_n for_o the_o pope_n ib._n the_o pope_n discover_v intelligence_n between_o the_o patriarch_n and_o nicolo_n and_o resolve_v to_o secure_v he_o ib._n be_v secure_v by_o antonio_n governor_n of_o the_o castle_n at_o rome_n and_o die_v 109_o commissioner_n from_o the_o venetian_n to_o the_o count_n ib._n nicolo_n make_v a_o diversion_n into_o the_o territory_n of_o florence_n the_o count_n desirous_a to_o follow_v he_o but_o be_v hinder_v by_o the_o venetian_n ib._n of_o nicolo_n proceed_v after_o he_o leave_v lombardy_n 110_o 111_o nicolo_n practice_n to_o surprise_v crotona_n 112_o brescia_n relieve_v by_o the_o venetian_n ib._n the_o duke_n of_o milan_n fleet_n defeat_v by_o the_o venetian_n ib._n nicolo_n engage_v the_o florentine_n at_o anghiari_n and_o be_v defeat_v by_o they_o ib._n the_o speech_n of_o count_n poppi_n to_o the_o florentine_a commissary_n 114_o neri_n answer_n ib._n book_n vi._n the_o duke_n of_o milan_n propose_v a_o peace_n to_o count_n sforza_n and_o offer_v his_o daughter_n in_o marriage_n to_o the_o count_n 116_o the_o ingratitude_n of_o the_o venetian_n ib._n micheletto_n general_n for_o the_o league_n ib._n nicolo_n insolence_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n 117_o peace_n between_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n and_o count_n sforza_n ib._n naples_n take_v by_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n 118_o florence_n reform_v 119_o nicolo_n piccinino_n die_v of_o grief_n a_o courageous_a but_o unfortunate_a general_n ib._n a_o new_a war_n in_o lombardy_n 121_o count_n sforza_n court_v by_o all_o party_n ib._n the_o duke_n of_o milan_n die_v ib._n the_o count_n make_v general_n for_o the_o milanesi_n 122_o the_o venetian_n ambitious_a of_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n ib._n alphonso_n invade_v the_o florentine_n ib._n retreats_z out_o of_o tuscany_n 123_o the_o venetian_n fall_v upon_o count_n sforza_n in_o his_o trench_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o caravaggio_n and_o be_v total_o rout_v by_o the_o count_n 124_o peace_n between_o the_o venetian_n and_o the_o count_n by_o which_o the_o venetian_n be_v oblige_v to_o assist_v the_o count_n in_o his_o obtain_v the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n 125_o a_o oration_n make_v by_o one_o of_o the_o milan_n ambassador_n to_o the_o count_n ib._n the_o count_n answer_n 126_o cosimo_n de_fw-fr medici_n a_o friend_n to_o the_o count_n 127_o the_o venetian_n assist_v the_o milanesi_n against_o the_o count_n 128_o the_o milanesi_n reduce_v to_o great_a strait_n by_o sforza_n ib._n milan_n deliver_v to_o sforza_n and_o he_o make_v duke_n thereof_o enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o the_o florentine_n 129_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n and_o the_o venetian_n enter_v into_o a_o league_n ib._n their_o embassy_n to_o the_o florentine_n ib._n the_o florentine_n answer_n ib._n the_o florentine_n prepare_v war_n 130_o federigo_n the_o emperor_n come_v into_o italy_n to_o be_v crown_v and_o enter_v florence_n ib._n the_o king_n of_o arragon_n invade_v tuscany_n ib._n the_o strange_a conceit_n and_o undertake_n of_o a_o citizen_n of_o rome_n 131_o peace_n between_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n and_o the_o venetian_n ib._n the_o king_n of_o arragon_n enter_v into_o the_o league_n 134_o the_o pope_n solicit_v a_o war_n against_o the_o turk_n ib._n a_o prodigious_a tempest_n ib._n the_o genoesi_n invade_v by_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n 135_o genoa_n deliver_v to_o the_o french_a ib_n the_o king_n of_o arragon_n die_v ib._n calisto_n the_o three_o die_v and_o pius_n the_o second_o choose_v pope_n 136_o the_o genoesi_n revolt_n from_o the_o french_a ib._n naples_n invade_v by_o giovanni_n d'_fw-fr angio_n ib._n the_o king_n of_o naples_n defeat_v ib._n he_o recruit_n his_o army_n fights_z and_o defeat_v giovanni_n ib._n giovanni_n be_v defeat_v and_o desert_v of_o his_o soldier_n fly_v into_o france_n ib._n book_n vii_o cosimo_n de_fw-fr medici_n and_o neri_n capponi_n the_o two_o great_a citizen_n in_o florence_n 138_o cosimo_n die_v 139_o his_o child_n riches_n honour_n and_o action_n describe_v 139_o 140_o 141_o giacopo_n piccinino_n murder_v 142_o francisco_n sforza_n duke_n of_o milan_n die_v 144._o the_o florentine_n invade_v by_o the_o venetian_n 148_o peace_n between_o the_o florentine_n and_o venetian_n 149_o piero_n de_fw-fr medici_n speech_n to_o the_o florentine_n ib._n his_o death_n 150_o thomaso_n soderini_n in_o great_a favour_n with_o the_o florentine_n ib._n lorenzo_n and_o guiliano_n de_fw-fr medici_n make_v prince_n of_o the_o city_n of_o florence_n ib._n a_o conspiracy_n of_o the_o nardi_n 151_o bernardo_n defeat_v and_o take_v 152_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n in_o florence_n ib._n tumult_n in_o volterra_n ib._n volterra_fw-mi surrender_v and_o sack_v 183_o italy_n in_o two_o faction_n 154_o
to_o the_o truth_n to_o please_v all_o people_n and_o it_o may_v so_o fall_v out_o i_o have_v please_v no_o body_n if_o it_o shall_v i_o shall_v not_o wondder_v see_v in_o my_o judgement_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o write_v any_o thing_n of_o our_o own_o time_n without_o offence_n to_o several_a yet_o i_o come_v forth_o cheerful_o into_o to_o the_o field_n hope_v that_o as_o i_o be_o honour_v and_o employ_v by_o your_o holiness_n goodness_n i_o shall_v be_v defend_v by_o your_o holiness_n judgement_n and_o then_o with_o the_o same_o confidence_n &_o courage_n as_o i_o have_v write_v now_o i_o shall_v pursue_v my_o engagement_n if_o my_o life_n last_v &_o your_o holiness_n continue_v among_o we_o the_o author_n introduction_n when_o i_o first_o take_v upon_o i_o to_o write_v the_o history_n of_o florence_n and_o its_o transaction_n both_o at_o home_n and_o abroad_o i_o think_v to_o have_v begin_v at_o the_o year_n 1434_o at_o which_o time_n the_o family_n of_o the_o medici_n exalt_v by_o the_o merit_n of_o cosimo_n &_o his_o father_n giovanni_n be_v in_o great_a authority_n that_o any_o other_o in_o that_o city_n believe_v that_o messer_n leonardo_n d'_fw-fr arezzo_n and_o messer_n poggio_n two_o excellent_a historian_n have_v give_v particular_a description_n of_o all_o the_o passage_n before_o but_o upon_o diligent_a perusal_n of_o their_o write_n to_o inform_v myself_o of_o their_o order_n and_o method_n that_o thereby_o my_o own_o may_v have_v better_a approbation_n i_o find_v that_o in_o their_o narrative_n of_o the_o florentine_a war_n and_o foreign_a negotiation_n they_o have_v be_v accurate_a enough_o but_o in_o their_o civil_a dissension_n their_o intrinsic_a animosity_n and_o in_o the_o effect_n which_o follow_v they_o they_o be_v either_o total_o silent_a or_o where_o any_o thing_n be_v mention_v it_o be_v with_o such_o brevity_n and_o abruptness_n as_o can_v yield_v neither_o profit_n nor_o recreation_n to_o the_o reader_n which_o i_o conceive_v they_o do_v either_o out_o of_o a_o opinion_n that_o they_o be_v inconsiderable_a and_o unworthy_a to_o be_v transmit_v to_o posterity_n or_o else_o they_o apprehend_v a_o necessity_n of_o reflect_v upon_o some_o great_a person_n who_o family_n will_v be_v disoblige_v thereby_o both_o which_o argument_n if_o i_o may_v speak_v it_o without_o offence_n be_v beneath_o the_o grandeur_n and_o magnanimity_n of_o a_o great_a person_n for_o if_o any_o thing_n in_o history_n be_v delightful_a or_o profitable_a it_o be_v those_o particular_a description_n if_o any_o thing_n be_v useful_a to_o such_o citizen_n as_o have_v the_o government_n in_o their_o hand_n it_o be_v such_o as_o represent_v the_o feud_n and_o dissension_n in_o the_o city_n that_o thereby_o they_o maybe_o enable_v to_o maintain_v their_o own_o unity_n at_o other_o people_n expense_n if_o the_o example_n of_o any_o commonwealth_n move_v a_o man_n certain_o that_o which_o be_v write_v of_o one_o own_n make_v a_o much_o strong_a impression_n and_o if_o the_o faction_n of_o any_o state_n be_v ever_o considerable_a the_o faction_n in_o florence_n be_v not_o to_o be_v pretermit_v the_o great_a part_n of_o other_o state_n have_v not_o have_v above_o one_o which_o sometime_o have_v advance_v and_o sometime_o ruin_v the_o government_n but_o florence_n have_v have_v many_o division_n everybody_n know_v how_o in_o rome_n after_o the_o expulsion_n of_o their_o king_n there_o arise_v division_n betwixt_o the_o noble_n and_o the_o people_n which_o continue_v till_o one_o of_o they_o be_v oppress_v so_o it_o be_v in_o athens_n and_o all_o the_o commonwealth_n which_o flourish_v in_o those_o time_n but_o in_o florence_n the_o first_o dissension_n be_v betwixt_o the_o noble_n the_o next_o betwixt_o the_o noble_n and_o citizen_n and_o then_o betwixt_o the_o citizen_n and_o the_o plebs_fw-la in_o all_o which_o one_o be_v no_o soon_o superior_a but_o it_o divide_v again_o and_o the_o effect_n of_o those_o division_n be_v murder_n and_o banishment_n and_o dispersion_n of_o family_n such_o as_o never_o occur_v in_o any_o city_n that_o can_v be_v remember_v and_o true_o in_o my_o judgement_n nothing_o demonstrate_v the_o power_n of_o our_o city_n so_o much_o as_o the_o consequence_n of_o those_o division_n which_o be_v enough_o to_o have_v subvert_v and_o destroy_v any_o other_o in_o the_o world_n but_o we_o grow_v still_o great_a thereby_o so_o remarkable_a be_v the_o courage_n of_o the_o citizen_n and_o so_o efficacious_a their_o industry_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o their_o country_n that_o those_o few_o which_o survive_v the_o misery_n of_o their_o predecessor_n do_v more_o by_o their_o constancy_n &_o courage_n towards_o the_o advancement_n of_o their_o interest_n than_o the_o malignity_n of_o those_o accident_n can_v do_v to_o depress_v it_o and_o doubtless_o have_v florence_n be_v so_o happy_a after_o it_o have_v free_v itself_o from_o the_o empire_n to_o have_v assume_v such_o a_o form_n of_o government_n as_o will_v have_v preserve_v it_o in_o unity_n i_o know_v not_o any_o commonwealth_n either_o ancient_a or_o modern_a that_o will_v have_v exceed_v it_o or_o have_v be_v comparable_a to_o it_o either_o in_o riches_n or_o power_n for_o it_o be_v observable_a after_o the_o ghibilin_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o the_o town_n in_o such_o number_n as_o all_o tuscany_n and_o lombardy_n be_v full_a of_o those_o exile_n the_o guelf_n and_o such_o as_o be_v leave_v behind_o in_o the_o expedition_n against_o arezzo_n which_o be_v the_o year_n before_o the_o battle_n of_o campaldino_n be_v able_a to_o drawout_v of_o their_o own_o citizen_n 1200_o horse_n and_o 12000_o foot_n and_o afterward_o in_o the_o war_n against_o philippo_n visconti_n duke_n of_o milan_n be_v to_o try_v their_o fortune_n rather_o withtheir_o riches_n than_o their_o arm_n which_o at_o that_o time_n be_v very_o much_o weaken_v in_o five_o year_n space_n which_o be_v the_o length_n of_o that_o war_n the_o florentine_n expend_v five_o million_o and_o 500000_o florin_n and_o when_o that_o war_n be_v compose_v to_o ostentate_n and_o publish_v the_o power_n of_o that_o commonwealth_n they_o march_v out_o with_o a_o army_n and_o besiege_a lucca_n i_o do_v not_o see_v therefore_o for_o what_o reason_n these_o division_n shall_v not_o be_v worthy_a of_o relation_n and_o if_o those_o noble_a author_n be_v restrain_v by_o fear_n of_o offend_v the_o memory_n of_o such_o as_o they_o be_v to_o speak_v of_o they_o be_v mighty_o out_o and_o seem_v not_o to_o have_v understand_v the_o ambition_n of_o mankind_n and_o their_o desire_n to_o have_v the_o name_n of_o themselves_o and_o ancestor_n transmit_v to_o posterity_n nor_o do_v they_o remember_v that_o many_o people_n not_o have_v opportunity_n to_o make_v themselves_o eminent_a by_o good_a and_o laudable_a act_n have_v endeavour_v to_o compass_v it_o by_o any_o way_n how_o scandalous_a and_o ignominious_a soever_o neither_o do_v they_o consider_v that_o the_o action_n which_o carry_v greatness_n along_o with_o they_o as_o those_o of_o government_n and_o state_n what_o end_v soever_o they_o have_v and_o which_o way_n somever_o they_o be_v describe_v do_v still_o leave_v more_o honour_n than_o infamy_n to_o their_o family_n the_o consideration_n of_o which_o thing_n prevail_v with_o i_o to_o alter_v my_o design_n and_o to_o begin_v my_o history_n from_o the_o very_a foundation_n of_o the_o city_n and_o because_o it_o be_v not_o my_o intention_n to_o transcribe_v what_o have_v be_v do_v before_o by_o other_o people_n i_o shall_v relate_v such_o thing_n only_o as_o occur_v within_o the_o city_n to_o the_o year_n 14â—4_n mention_v the_o accident_n abroad_o only_o so_o far_o as_o will_v be_v necessary_a for_o the_o intelligence_n of_o the_o other_o after_o which_o year_n i_o shall_v give_v a_o particular_a description_n both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o beside_o for_o the_o better_a and_o more_o last_a understanding_n of_o this_o history_n before_o i_o treat_v of_o florence_n i_o shall_v discourse_v of_o the_o mean_n by_o which_o italy_n fall_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o those_o potentate_n which_o govern_v it_o at_o that_o time_n all_o which_o shall_v be_v comprehend_v in_o my_o four_o first_o book_n the_o first_o shall_v give_v a_o short_a recital_n of_o all_o transaction_n in_o italy_n from_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n to_o the_o year_n 1434._o the_o second_o shall_v give_v a_o account_n of_o all_o affair_n from_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o city_n of_o florence_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o war_n against_o the_o pope_n which_o commence_v upon_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o athens_n the_o three_o shall_v conclude_v with_o the_o death_n of_o ladislaus_n king_n of_o naples_n and_o in_o the_o four_o we_o shall_v end_v with_o the_o year_n 1434_o from_o whence_o afterward_o to_o our_o present_a time_n we_o shall_v give_v a_o particular_a
trouble_n in_o tuscany_n ib._n a_o conspiracy_n against_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n take_v effect_n and_o the_o duke_n slay_v 155_o 156_o book_n viii_o a_o nimosity_n between_o the_o parri_n and_o the_o medici_n in_o florence_n 〈…〉_z a_o conspiracy_n to_o destroy_v lorenzo_n and_o 〈◊〉_d de_fw-fr medici_n ib._n rinati_n deal_v pazzi_n dissuade_v from_o the_o enterprise_n but_o in_o vain_a 159_o the_o conspiracy_n miscarry_v 161_o the_o pope_n and_o king_n of_o naples_n make_v war_n upon_o the_o florentine_n 162_o lorenza_n de_fw-fr medici_n speech_n to_o the_o florentine_n ib._n the_o pope_n and_o king_n invade_v their_o territory_n 164_o genoa_n rebel_n against_o the_o state_n of_o milan_n ib._n the_o gratitude_n of_o the_o florentine_n 165_o the_o pope_n army_n defeat_v 166_o lodovico_n sforza_n governor_n of_o milan_n 167_o lorenzo_n de_fw-fr medici_n arrive_v at_o naples_n 168_o the_o isle_n of_o rhodes_n assault_v by_o the_o turk_n 169_o the_o duke_n of_o calabria_n defeat_v 171_o a_o new_a league_n ib._n castello_n besiege_v by_o the_o army_n of_o the_o pope_n 172_o the_o coloni_fw-la provoke_v the_o pope_n and_o be_v 〈◊〉_d in_o rome_n 〈◊〉_d the_o company_n of_o s._n giorgio_n 〈◊〉_d aquila_n rebel_v against_o the_o king_n of_o â—â—â—ples_n 〈◊〉_d be_v protect_v by_o the_o pope_n 〈…〉_z the_o genoeâ—es_o 〈…〉_z the_o venetian_n defeat_v 〈◊〉_d count_n girolamo_n 〈…〉_z his_o death_n revenge_v by_o his_o 〈…〉_z galeotto_n lord_n of_o faenza_n 〈…〉_z wife_n 〈◊〉_d the_o character_n of_o lorenzo_n de_fw-fr 〈…〉_z his_o death_n 〈◊〉_d a_o table_n of_o the_o several_a chapter_n in_o the_o prince_z chap._n i._n the_o several_a sort_n of_o government_n and_o how_o they_o be_v obtain_v 199_o chap._n ii_o of_o hereditary_a principality_n ib._n chap._n iii_o of_o mix_v principality_n 200_o chap._n iu_o why_o the_o kingdom_n of_o darius_n usurp_v by_o alexander_n do_v not_o rebel_v against_o his_o successor_n after_o alexander_n be_v dead_a 203_o chap._n v._o how_o such_o city_n and_o principality_n be_v to_o be_v govern_v who_o before_o they_o be_v subdue_v live_v under_o their_o own_o law_n and_o constitution_n 204_o chap._n vi_o of_o principality_n acquire_v by_o one_o own_o proper_a conduct_n and_o arm_n 205_o chap._n vii_o of_o new_a principality_n acquire_v by_o accident_n and_o supply_n from_o other_o people_n 206_o chap._n viii_o of_o such_o as_o have_v arrive_v at_o their_o dominion_n by_o wicked_a and_o unjustifiable_a mean_n 209_o chap._n ix_o of_o civil_a principality_n 211_o chap._n x._o how_o the_o strength_n of_o all_o principality_n be_v to_o be_v compute_v 212_o chap._n xi_o of_o ecclesiastical_a principality_n 213_o chap._n xii_o the_o several_a form_n of_o military_a discipline_n and_o of_o those_o soldier_n which_o be_v call_v mercenary_a 214_o chap._n xiii_o of_o auxiliary_n mix_v soldier_n and_o native_n 217_o chap._n fourteen_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o prince_n in_o relation_n to_o his_o militia_n 218_o chap._n xv._n of_o such_o thing_n as_o render_v man_n especial_o prince_n worthy_a of_o blame_n or_o approbation_n 219_o chap._n xvi_o of_o liberality_n and_o parsimony_n 220_o chap._n xvii_o of_o cruelty_n and_o clemency_n and_o whether_o it_o be_v better_a for_o a_o prince_n to_o be_v love_v or_o fear_v 221_o chap._n xviii_o how_o far_o a_o prince_n be_v oblige_v by_o his_o promise_n 222_o chap._n xix_o prince_n be_v to_o be_v cautious_a of_o make_v themselves_o either_o odious_a or_o contemptible_a 223_o chap._n xx._n whether_o the_o build_n of_o citadel_n and_o other_o thing_n that_o prince_n many_o time_n do_v be_v profitable_a or_o dangerous_a 227_o chap._n xxi_o how_o a_o prince_n be_v to_o demean_v himself_o to_o gain_v reputation_n 229_o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o prince_n secretary_n 230_o chap._n xxiii_o how_o flatterer_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v 231_o chap._n xxiv_o how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o most_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n have_v lose_v their_o dominion_n 232_o chap._n xxv_o how_o far_o in_o human_a affair_n fortune_n may_v avail_v and_o in_o what_o manner_n she_o may_v be_v resist_v 233_o chap._n xxvi_o a_o exhortation_n for_o the_o delivery_n of_o italy_n from_o the_o barbarian_n 234_o the_o original_n of_o the_o word_n guelf_n and_o ghibilin_n 236_o the_o life_n of_o castruccio_n 239_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o murder_n commit_v upon_o vitellozzo_n vitelli_n oliveretto_fw-it da_fw-it fermo_n pogolo_n and_o the_o duke_n de_fw-fr gravina_n all_o of_o the_o house_n of_o the_o ursini_n by_o the_o machination_n and_o management_n of_o duke_n valentine_n 253_o the_o state_n of_o france_n in_o a_o abridgement_n 256_o the_o state_n of_o germany_n in_o a_o abridgement_n 265_o a_o table_n of_o the_o discourse_n book_n i._n chap._n i._n what_o have_v be_v general_o the_o principle_n of_o all_o city_n and_o particular_o of_o rome_n 268_o chap._n ii_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o commonwealth_n and_o under_o which_o kind_n the_o roman_a be_v comprehend_v 270_o chap._n iii_o upon_o what_o accident_n and_o tumult_n in_o rome_n the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n be_v create_v by_o which_o that_o commonwealth_n become_v more_o perfect_a 272_o chap._n iu_o the_o dissension_n betwixt_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n be_v the_o occasion_n that_o commonwealth_n become_v so_o powerful_a and_o free_a 273_o chap._n v._o where_o the_o guardianship_n of_o liberty_n may_v be_v most_o secure_o deposit_v whether_o among_o the_o people_n or_o nobility_n and_o which_o have_v great_a occasion_n to_o tumultuate_v he_o that_o will_v acquire_v more_o or_o he_o that_o will_v defend_v and_o keep_v what_o he_o have_v 274_o chap._n vi_o whether_o in_o rome_n such_o a_o form_n of_o government_n can_v be_v establish_v as_o shall_v take_v away_o the_o animosity_n betwixt_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o people_n 275_o chap._n vii_o how_o necessary_a it_o be_v for_o the_o conservation_n of_o a_o state_n that_o any_o citizen_n be_v secure_o accuse_v 277_o chap._n viii_o unjust_a calumny_n be_v no_o less_o pernicious_a to_o a_o commonwealth_n than_o legal_a accusation_n be_v profitable_a and_o good_a 278_o chap._n ix_o how_o much_o a_o single_a person_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o establishment_n of_o a_o new_a commonwealth_n or_o the_o reformation_n of_o a_o old_a 279_o chap._n x._o as_o they_o be_v to_o be_v praise_v who_o lie_v the_o foundation_n of_o any_o republic_n or_o kingdom_n so_o they_o be_v to_o be_v condemn_v who_o set_v up_o a_o tyranny_n 281_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o religion_n and_o ceremony_n of_o the_o roman_n 282_o chap._n xii_o how_o necessary_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o a_o state_n it_o be_v that_o religion_n be_v in_o esteem_n and_o how_o much_o italy_n have_v suffer_v for_o want_n of_o it_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n 284_o chap._n xiii_o how_o the_o roman_n pretend_a religion_n many_o time_n to_o regulate_v their_o city_n to_o prosecute_v their_o war_n and_o to_o pacify_v their_o tumult_n 285_o chap._n 14._o the_o roman_n be_v wont_a to_o interpret_v their_o auspex_n with_o accommodation_n to_o their_o own_o pleasure_n and_o design_n and_o when_o at_o any_o time_n they_o be_v force_v to_o transgress_v they_o manage_v it_o wise_o and_o pretend_v to_o be_v very_o precise_a and_o if_o any_o body_n rash_o despise_v they_o he_o be_v sure_a to_o be_v punish_v 286_o chap._n 15._o how_o the_o samnite_n in_o the_o extremity_n of_o their_o affair_n as_o their_o last_o refuge_n have_v recourse_n to_o religion_n 287_o chap._n 16._o a_o people_n accustom_v to_o the_o dominion_n of_o a_o prince_n though_o by_o accident_n they_o may_v acquire_v their_o liberty_n yet_o it_o be_v with_o great_a difficulty_n if_o they_o maintain_v it_o 288_o chap._n 17._o a_o people_n whole_o corrupt_v in_o their_o manner_n may_v possible_o recover_v their_o liberty_n but_o they_o will_v find_v insuperable_a difficulty_n to_o maintain_v it_o 289_o chap._n 18._o a_o corrupt_a city_n have_v make_v itself_o free_a how_o its_o liberty_n may_v be_v maintain_v and_o not_o have_v make_v itself_o free_a how_o its_o liberty_n may_v be_v procure_v 290_o chap._n 19_o though_o a_o weak_a prince_n succeed_v a_o excellent_a the_o government_n may_v stand_v but_o if_o one_o weak_a prince_n succeed_v another_o it_o be_v impossible_a 292_o chap._n 20._o two_o good_a prince_n immediate_o succeed_v may_v do_v great_a thing_n and_o wellgrounded_n commonwealth_n have_v always_o a_o virtuous_a succession_n their_o conquest_n and_o acquisition_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v according_a 293_o chap._n 21._o how_o much_o that_o prince_n or_o commonwealth_n be_v to_o be_v condemn_v which_o neglect_v to_o train_v up_o soldier_n of_o its_o own_o ib._n chap._n 22._o what_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v from_o the_o combat_n betwixt_o the_o three_o roman_a horatij_n and_o the_o three_o alban_n curiaâ—ii_n 294_o chap._n 23._o that_o our_o whole_a fortune_n be_v not_o to_o be_v venture_v upon_o part_n of_o
tell_v he_o what_o be_v pass_v that_o now_o it_o be_v at_o his_o choice_n whether_o he_o will_v kill_v alboino_n wife_n and_o enjoy_v she_o and_o her_o kingdom_n or_o be_v kill_v himself_o for_o vitiate_a his_o wife_n almachilde_n have_v no_o fancy_n to_o be_v slay_v and_o therefore_o choose_v the_o other_o proposition_n of_o kill_v his_o master_n but_o when_o they_o have_v kill_v he_o they_o find_v themselves_o so_o far_o from_o acquire_v the_o kingdom_n that_o they_o be_v afraid_a of_o be_v make_v away_o by_o the_o lombard_n out_o of_o the_o affection_n they_o bear_v to_o the_o memory_n of_o alboino_n for_o which_o cause_n pack_v up_o with_o all_o the_o jewel_n and_o treasure_n they_o can_v make_v they_o march_v off_o to_o longinus_n at_o revenna_n who_o receive_v they_o honourable_o during_o these_o trouble_n justinus_n the_o emperor_n die_v and_o tiberius_n be_v elect_v in_o his_o place_n but_o be_v employ_v in_o his_o war_n against_o the_o parthian_n he_o be_v not_o at_o leisure_n to_o send_v relief_n into_o italy_n which_o longinus_n look_v upon_o as_o a_o opportunity_n to_o make_v himself_o king_n of_o the_o lombard_n and_o of_o all_o italy_n beside_o by_o the_o help_n of_o rosmunda_n and_o her_o treasure_n he_o impart_v his_o design_n to_o she_o and_o persuade_v she_o to_o kill_v almachilde_n and_o take_v he_o afterward_o for_o her_o husband_n she_o accept_v the_o motion_n and_o have_v in_o order_n thereunto_o prepare_v a_o cup_n of_o poison_n she_o give_v it_o with_o her_o own_o hand_n to_o almachilde_n as_o he_o come_v thirsty_a out_o of_o a_o bath_n who_o have_v drink_v off_o half_a find_v it_o work_n and_o great_a convulsion_n within_o he_o conclude_v what_o it_o be_v he_o force_v she_o to_o drink_v the_o rest_n so_o that_o in_o a_o few_o hour_n both_o of_o they_o die_v and_o longinus_n lose_v all_o hope_n of_o make_v himself_o king_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n at_o a_o convention_n of_o the_o lombard_n at_o pavia_n which_o they_o have_v make_v their_o metropolis_n they_o create_v clefi_n their_o king_n who_o re-edify_v imola_n that_o have_v be_v destroy_v by_o narsetes_n he_o conquer_v rimini_n and_o in_o a_o manner_n all_o up_o as_o far_o as_o rome_n but_o die_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o his_o career_n this_o clefi_n behave_v himself_o so_o cruel_o not_o only_o to_o stranger_n but_o even_o to_o the_o lombard_n themselves_o that_o the_o edge_n of_o their_o monarchical_a inclination_n be_v take_v off_o they_o will_v have_v no_o more_o king_n but_o constitute_v thirty_o they_o call_v duke_n to_o govern_v under_o they_o which_o counsel_n be_v the_o cause_n the_o lombard_n extend_v not_o their_o conquest_n over_o all_o italy_n nor_o dilate_v their_o dominion_n beyond_o benevento_n rome_n ravenna_n cremona_n mantua_n milan_n monfelice_n parma_n bolonia_n faenza_n furli_fw-la cesana_n some_o of_o they_o defend_v themselves_o for_o some_o time_n other_o never_o fall_v at_o all_o under_o their_o subjection_n for_o have_v no_o king_n they_o be_v first_o render_v unapt_a for_o the_o war_n and_o when_o afterward_o they_o reassume_v their_o old_a government_n and_o create_v king_n again_o the_o small_a relish_n and_o taste_v the_o people_n have_v have_v of_o liberty_n render_v they_o less_o obedient_a to_o their_o prince_n and_o more_o contentious_a among_o themselves_o and_o not_o only_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o career_n of_o their_o victory_n at_o first_o but_o be_v the_o occasion_n afterward_o that_o they_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o italy_n thing_n be_v in_o this_o posture_n with_o the_o lombard_n the_o roman_n and_o longinus_n come_v to_o term_n with_o they_o and_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o arm_n shall_v be_v lay_v down_o on_o all_o hand_n and_o each_o enjoy_v what_o be_v in_o their_o proper_a possession_n about_o this_o time_n the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n begin_v to_o take_v upon_o they_o and_o to_o exercise_v great_a authority_n than_o they_o have_v former_o do_v increase_v at_o first_o the_o successor_n of_o saint_n peter_n be_v venerable_a and_o eminent_a for_o their_o miracle_n and_o the_o holiness_n of_o their_o life_n and_o their_o example_n add_v daily_o such_o number_n to_o the_o christian_a church_n that_o to_o obviate_v or_o remove_v the_o confusion_n which_o be_v then_o in_o the_o world_n many_o prince_n turn_v christian_n and_o the_o emperor_n of_o rome_n be_v convert_v among_o the_o rest_n and_o quit_v rome_n to_o hold_v his_o residence_n at_o constantinople_n the_o roman_a empire_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o begin_v to_o decline_v but_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n augment_v as_o fast_o nevertheless_o until_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o lombard_n all_o italy_n be_v under_o the_o dominion_n either_o of_o emperor_n or_o king_n the_o bishop_n assume_v no_o more_o power_n than_o what_o be_v due_a to_o their_o doctrine_n and_o manner_n in_o civil_a affair_n they_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o civil_a power_n they_o employ_v many_o time_n by_o the_o emperor_n and_o king_n as_o their_o minister_n and_o many_o time_n execute_v for_o their_o ill_a administration_n but_o theodorick_n king_n of_o the_o gothi_n fix_v his_o seat_n at_o ravenna_n be_v that_o which_o advance_v their_o interest_n and_o make_v they_o more_o considerable_a in_o italy_n for_o there_o be_v no_o other_o prince_n leave_v in_o rome_n the_o roman_n be_v force_v for_o protection_n to_o pay_v great_a allegiance_n to_o the_o pope_n and_o yet_o their_o authority_n advance_v no_o far_o at_o that_o time_n than_o to_o obtain_v the_o preference_n before_o the_o church_n of_o ravenna_n but_o the_o lombard_n have_v invade_v and_o reduce_v italy_n into_o several_a canton_n the_o pope_n take_v the_o opportunity_n and_o begin_v to_o hold_v up_o his_o head_n for_o be_v as_o it_o be_v governor_n and_o principal_n at_o rome_n the_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n and_o the_o lombard_n bear_v he_o a_o respect_n so_o that_o the_o roman_n by_o mediation_n of_o their_o pope_n begin_v to_o treat_v and_o confederate_n with_o longinus_n and_o the_o lombard_n not_o as_o subject_n but_o as_o equal_n and_o companion_n which_o say_v custom_n continue_v and_o the_o pope_n enter_v into_o alliance_n sometime_o with_o the_o lombard_n and_o sometime_o with_o the_o greek_n contract_v great_a reputation_n to_o their_o dignity_n but_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o eastern_a empire_n follow_v so_o close_o under_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n heracleus_n emperor_n in_o who_o time_n the_o schiavi_n a_o people_n we_o mention_v before_o fall_v again_o upon_o illyria_n and_o overran_a it_o and_o call_v it_o sclavonia_n from_o their_o own_o name_n the_o other_o part_n of_o that_o empire_n be_v infest_a first_o by_o the_o persian_n afterward_o by_o the_o saracen_n out_o of_o arabia_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o mahomet_n and_o last_o of_o all_o by_o the_o turk_n and_o have_v lose_v several_a province_n which_o be_v member_n of_o it_o as_o syria_n africa_n and_o egypt_n the_o pope_n lose_v the_o convenience_n of_o the_o emperor_n protection_n in_o time_n of_o adversity_n and_o the_o power_n of_o the_o lombard_n increase_v too_o fast_o on_o the_o other_o side_n he_o think_v it_o but_o necessary_a to_o address_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n for_o assistance_n so_o that_o the_o war_n which_o happen_v afterward_o in_o italy_n be_v occasion_v by_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o several_a inundation_n of_o barbarian_n invite_v by_o they_o which_o manner_n of_o proceed_v have_v continue_v to_o our_o time_n have_v hold_v and_o do_v still_o hold_v italy_n divide_v and_o infirm_a but_o in_o my_o description_n of_o occurrence_n betwixt_o those_o time_n and_o our_o own_o i_o shall_v not_o enlarge_v upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o empire_n which_o in_o truth_n receive_v but_o little_a assistance_n from_o the_o pope_n or_o any_o other_o prince_n of_o italy_n till_o the_o day_n of_o charles_n the_o 8_o but_o discourse_n rather_o how_o the_o pope_n with_o their_o censure_n commination_n and_o arm_n mingle_v together_o with_o their_o indulgence_n become_v formidable_a and_o reverence_v and_o how_o have_v make_v ill_a use_n both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o they_o have_v lose_v the_o one_o entire_o and_o remain_v at_o the_o discretion_n of_o other_o people_n for_o the_o other_o but_o to_o reurn_v to_o our_o order_n i_o say_v that_o gregory_n the_o three_o be_v create_v pope_n and_o aistolfus_n king_n of_o the_o lombard_n aistolfus_n contrary_a to_o league_n and_o agreement_n seize_v upon_o ravenna_n and_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o pope_n gregory_n not_o dare_v for_o the_o reason_n abovesaid_a to_o depend_v upon_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o empire_n or_o the_o fidelity_n of_o the_o lombard_n who_o he_o have_v already_o find_v false_a apply_v himself_o to_o pepin_n the_o second_o who_o from_o lord_n of_o austrachia_n and_o brabantia_n be_v become_v king_n of_o france_n not_o so_o much_o by_o his_o own_o
sometime_o more_o of_o their_o senator_n with_o the_o same_o power_n the_o league_n continue_v all_o the_o while_n into_o which_o the_o city_n of_o lombardy_n have_v enter_v against_o frederick_n barbarossa_n and_o the_o city_n be_v these_o milan_n brescia_n mantua_n with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o city_n in_o romagna_n beside_o verona_n vicenza_n milan_n and_o trevigi_n the_o city_n on_o the_o emperor_n side_n be_v cremona_n bergamo_n parma_n reggio_n modena_n and_o trenta_fw-la the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n of_o lombardy_n romagna_n and_o the_o marquisate_n of_o trevizan_n take_v part_n according_a to_o their_o interest_n sometime_o with_o this_o sometime_o with_o the_o other_o party_n in_o the_o time_n of_o otto_n iii_n one_o ezelino_n come_v into_o italy_n of_o who_o loin_n there_o remain_v a_o son_n call_v also_o ezelino_n be_v powerful_a and_o rich_a he_o join_v himself_o with_o frederick_n two_o who_o as_o be_v say_v before_o be_v become_v a_o enemy_n to_o the_o pope_n by_o the_o encouragement_n and_o assistance_n of_o this_o ezelino_n frederick_n come_v into_o italy_n take_v verona_n and_o mantua_n demolish_a vicenza_n seize_v upon_o padova_n defeat_v the_o unite_a force_n of_o those_o part_n and_o when_o he_o have_v do_v advance_v towards_o toscany_n whilst_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n ezelino_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o trevizan_n ferrara_n they_o can_v not_o take_v be_v defend_v by_o azone_n da_fw-mi esti_n and_o some_o regiment_n of_o the_o pope_n in_o lombardy_n ferrara_n whereupon_o when_o the_o siege_n be_v draw_v off_o his_o holiness_n give_v that_o city_n in_o fee_n to_o azone_n da_fw-mi esti_n from_o who_o those_o who_o be_v lord_n of_o it_o at_o this_o day_n be_v descend_v frederick_n stop_v and_o fix_v himself_o at_o pisa_n be_v desirous_a to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o tuscany_n and_o by_o the_o distinction_n he_o make_v betwixt_o his_o friend_n and_o his_o foe_n in_o that_o province_n raise_v such_o ammosites_n emperor_n as_o prove_v afterward_o the_o destruction_n of_o all_o italy_n for_o both_o guelf_n and_o gibilins_n increase_v every_o day_n the_o first_o side_v with_o the_o church_n the_o other_o with_o the_o emperor_n and_o be_v call_v first_o by_o those_o name_n in_o the_o city_n of_o pistoia_n frederick_n be_v at_o length_n remove_v from_o pisa_n make_v great_a devastation_n and_o several_a inroad_n into_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o church_n in_o so_o much_o that_o the_o pope_n have_v no_o other_o remedy_n proclaim_v the_o croifada_n against_o he_o as_o his_o predecessor_n have_v do_v against_o the_o saracen_n frederick_n leave_v he_o shall_v be_v leave_v in_o the_o lurch_n by_o his_o own_o people_n as_o frederick_n barbarossa_n and_o other_o of_o his_o ancestor_n have_v be_v before_o entertain_v into_o his_o pay_n great_a number_n of_o the_o saracen_n and_o to_o oblige_v they_o to_o he_o and_o strengthen_v his_o opposition_n to_o the_o pope_n by_o a_o party_n that_o shall_v not_o be_v afraid_a of_o his_o cursâ—s_n he_o give_v they_o nocera_n in_o that_o kingdom_n to_o the_o end_n that_o have_v a_o retreat_n in_o their_o own_o hand_n pope_n they_o may_v serve_v he_o with_o more_o confidence_n and_o security_n at_o this_o time_n innocent_n iv._o be_v pope_n who_o be_v apprehensive_a of_o frederick_n remove_v to_o genoa_n and_o thence_o into_o france_n where_o he_o call_v a_o counsel_n at_o lion_n and_o frederick_n design_v to_o have_v be_v there_o have_v he_o not_o be_v retain_v by_o the_o rebellion_n of_o parma_n have_v have_v ill_a fortune_n in_o the_o suppress_n of_o that_o he_o march_v away_o into_o tuscany_n and_o from_o thence_o into_o sicily_n where_o he_o die_v not_o long_o after_o leave_v his_o son_n currado_n in_o sâ—evia_n and_o in_o puglia_n his_o natural_a son_n manfredi_n who_o he_o have_v make_v duke_n of_o benevento_n currado_n go_v to_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o kingdom_n die_v at_o naples_n and_o leave_v only_o one_o lâ—â—tle_a son_n behind_o he_o in_o germany_n who_o be_v call_v currado_n by_o his_o own_o name_n by_o which_o mean_n manfred_n first_o as_o tutor_n to_o currado_n get_v into_o the_o government_n and_o afterward_o give_v out_o that_o his_o pupil_n be_v dead_a he_o make_v himself_o king_n and_o force_v the_o pope_n and_o neapolitan_n who_o oppose_v it_o to_o consent_v whilst_o affair_n in_o that_o kingdom_n be_v in_o that_o posture_n many_o commotion_n happen_v in_o lombardy_n betwixt_o the_o guelf_n and_o the_o gibilin_n the_o guelf_n be_v head_v by_o a_o legate_n from_o the_o pope_n the_o gibilin_n by_o ezelino_n who_o at_o that_o time_n have_v in_o his_o possession_n all_o that_o part_n of_o lombardy_n on_o this_o side_n the_o poe._n and_o because_o while_o he_o be_v entertain_v in_o this_o war_n the_o city_n of_o padova_n rebel_v he_o cause_v 12000_o of_o they_o to_o be_v slay_v and_o not_o long_o after_o before_o the_o war_n be_v end_v die_v himself_o in_o the_o thirty_o year_n of_o his_o age_n upon_o his_o death_n all_o those_o country_n which_o have_v be_v in_o his_o hand_n become_v free_a manfredi_n king_n of_o naples_n continue_v his_o malevolence_n to_o the_o church_n as_o his_o ancestor_n have_v do_v before_o he_o hold_v pope_n urban_n iv._o in_o perpetual_a anxiety_n so_o that_o at_o length_n he_o be_v constrain_v to_o convoke_v the_o crociata_n against_o he_o and_o to_o retire_v into_o perugiâ—_n till_o he_o can_v get_v his_o force_n together_o but_o find_v they_o come_v in_o slow_o and_o thin_a conceive_v that_o to_o the_o overcome_v of_o manfred_n great_a supply_n will_v be_v necessary_a he_o address_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n make_v his_o brother_n charles_n duke_n of_o angio_n king_n of_o sicily_n and_o naples_n and_o excite_v he_o to_o come_v into_o italy_n and_o take_v possession_n of_o those_o kingdom_n pope_n before_o charles_n can_v get_v to_o rome_n the_o pope_n die_v and_o clement_n v._o succeed_v in_o his_o place_n in_o the_o say_v clement_n time_n charles_n with_o 30_o galley_n arrive_v at_o ostia_n have_v order_v the_o rest_n of_o his_o force_n to_o meet_v he_o by_o land_n during_o his_o residence_n at_o rome_n as_o a_o compliment_n to_o he_o the_o roman_n make_v he_o a_o senator_n and_o the_o pope_n invest_v he_o in_o that_o kingdom_n with_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v pay_v 50_o thousand_o florin_n yearly_a to_o the_o church_n and_o publish_v a_o decree_n that_o for_o the_o future_a neither_o charles_n nor_o any_o that_o shall_v succeed_v he_o in_o that_o kingdom_n shall_v be_v capable_a of_o be_v emperor_n after_o which_o charles_n advance_v against_o manfred_n fight_v with_o he_o beat_v he_o and_o kill_v he_o near_o benâ—vento_n thereby_o make_v himself_o king_n of_o sicily_n and_o that_o kingdom_n corradino_n to_o who_o that_o state_n devolve_v by_o his_o father_n testament_n gather_v what_o force_v together_o he_o can_v in_o germany_n march_v into_o italy_n against_o charles_n and_o engage_v he_o at_o tagliacozza_n be_v present_o defeat_v and_o be_v afterward_o discover_v in_o his_o flight_n take_v and_o slay_v italy_n continue_v quiet_a till_o the_o papacy_n of_o adrian_n v._n who_o not_o endure_v that_o charles_n shall_v continue_v in_o rome_n and_o govern_v all_o 〈◊〉_d he_o do_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o senatorship_n he_o remove_v to_o vitâ—rbo_n pope_n and_o solicit_v ridolfus_n the_o emperor_n to_o come_v into_o italy_n against_o he_o in_o this_o manner_n the_o pope_n sometime_o for_o defence_n of_o religion_n sometime_o out_o of_o their_o own_o private_a ambition_n call_v in_o new_a man_n and_o by_o consequence_n new_a war_n into_o italy_n and_o no_o soon_o have_v they_o advance_v any_o of_o they_o but_o they_o repent_v of_o what_o they_o have_v do_v and_o seek_v immediate_o to_o remove_v he_o nor_o will_v they_o suffer_v any_o province_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o weakness_n they_o be_v unable_a themselves_o to_o subdue_v to_o be_v enjoy_v quiet_o by_o any_o body_n else_o the_o prince_n be_v all_o afraid_a of_o they_o for_o whether_o by_o fight_v or_o fly_v they_o common_o overcome_v unless_o circumvent_v by_o some_o stratagem_n as_o boniface_n viii_o and_o some_o other_o be_v by_o the_o emperor_n under_o pretence_n of_o friendship_n and_o amity_n ridolfus_n be_v retain_v by_o his_o war_n with_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n be_v not_o at_o leisure_n to_o visit_v italy_n before_o adrian_n be_v dead_a 〈◊〉_d he_o which_o succeed_v he_o be_v nicolas_n the_o iii_o of_o the_o house_n of_o ursin_n a_o dare_a ambitious_a man_n who_o resolve_v to_o take_v down_o the_o authority_n of_o charles_n contrive_v that_o ridolfus_n the_o emperor_n shall_v complain_v of_o charles_n his_o governor_n in_o tuscany_n of_o his_o side_v with_o the_o guelf_n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o manfred_n have_v be_v receive_v and_o protect_v in_o that_o province_n to_o comply_v with_o the_o
as_o the_o ready_a way_n to_o suppress_v he_o be_v glad_a to_o discharge_v nicholas_n of_o his_o imprisonment_n and_o send_v he_o to_o rome_n to_o resume_v his_o old_a office_n whereupon_o nicholas_n undertake_v the_o government_n once_o more_o and_o cause_v francisco_n to_o be_v execute_v but_o the_o colonnesi_n become_v his_o enemy_n by_o degree_n he_o himself_o be_v put_v to_o death_n by_o they_o and_o the_o senate_n restore_v to_o the_o exercise_n of_o its_o former_a authority_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n of_o the_o king_n of_o hungary_n have_v depose_v queen_n giovanna_n return_v to_o his_o own_o kingdom_n but_o the_o pope_n desire_v to_o have_v the_o queen_n his_o neighbour_n rather_o than_o that_o king_n and_o order_v thing_n so_o that_o the_o kingdom_n be_v restore_v upon_o condition_n her_o husband_n lewis_n renounce_v the_o title_n of_o king_n shall_v content_v himself_o with_o that_o of_o taranto_n year_n the_o year_n mcccl._n be_v come_v his_o holiness_n think_v fit_a that_o the_o jubilee_n appoint_v by_o pope_n boniface_n viii_o to_o be_v keep_v every_o hundred_o year_n shall_v be_v reduce_v to_o fifty_o and_o have_v pass_v a_o decree_n to_o that_o purpose_n in_o gratitude_n for_o so_o great_a a_o benefit_n the_o roman_n be_v content_v he_o shall_v send_v four_o cardinal_n to_o rome_n to_o reform_v their_o city_n and_o create_v what_o senator_n he_o please_v after_o which_o the_o pope_n declare_v lodovic_n of_o taranto_n king_n of_o naples_n again_o and_o giovanna_n high_o oblige_v by_o that_o favour_n naples_n give_v the_o church_n avignon_n which_o be_v part_n of_o her_o patrimony_n by_o this_o time_n luchïno_n visconti_n be_v dead_a john_n archbishop_n of_o milan_n remain_v sole_a lord_n and_o make_v several_a war_n upon_o tuscany_n and_o his_o neighbour_n become_v very_o considerable_a after_o his_o death_n the_o government_n fall_v to_o his_o two_o nephew_n bernardo_n and_o galeazzo_n but_o galeazzo_n die_v a_o while_n after_o he_o leave_v his_o son_n john_n galeazzo_n to_o share_v with_o his_o uncle_n in_o the_o state_n in_o these_o day_n pope_n charles_n king_n of_o bohemia_n be_v create_v emperor_n and_o innocent_a vi_o pope_n who_o have_v send_v cardinal_n giles_n a_o spaniard_n into_o italy_n by_o his_o virtue_n and_o the_o excellence_n of_o his_o conduct_n he_o recover_v the_o reputation_n of_o the_o church_n not_o only_o in_o rome_n and_o romagna_n but_o all_o italy_n over_o he_o recover_v bologna_n that_o have_v be_v usurp_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o milan_n he_o constrain_v the_o roman_n to_o admit_v a_o foreign_a senator_n every_o year_n of_o the_o pope_n nomination_n he_o make_v a_o honourable_a agreement_n with_o the_o visconti_n he_o fight_v and_o take_v prisoner_n john_n aguto_n a_o englishman_n who_o with_o four_o thousand_o english_a be_v entertain_v in_o tuscany_n pope_n upon_o the_o ghibilin_n account_n after_o these_o success_n urban_n v._o be_v pope_n he_o resolve_v to_o visit_v both_o italy_n and_o rome_n where_o charles_n the_o emperor_n come_v to_o meet_v he_o and_o have_v continue_v together_o several_a month_n pope_n charles_n return_v into_o his_o kingdom_n and_o the_o pope_n to_o avignon_n urban_n die_v and_o gregory_n xii_o succeed_v and_o because_o cardinal_n egidio_n be_v dead_a italy_n relapse_v into_o its_o former_a distraction_n occasion_v by_o the_o cabal_n of_o the_o people_n against_o the_o visconti_n france_n whereupon_o the_o pope_n at_o first_o send_v a_o legate_n into_o italy_n with_o six_o thousand_o britan_n after_o who_o he_o follow_v in_o person_n and_o re-establish_v his_o residence_n at_o rome_n in_o the_o year_n mccclxxvi_o after_o it_o have_v be_v keep_v in_o france_n lxxi_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o this_o pope_n urban_n vi._n be_v create_v not_o long_o after_o at_o fondi_n ten_o cardinal_n quarrel_v with_o his_o election_n antipope_n and_o pretend_v it_o be_v not_o fair_a create_v clement_n vii_o the_o genovese_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n who_o for_o several_a year_n have_v live_v quiet_o under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o visconti_n rebel_v betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o venetian_a there_o happen_v great_a war_n about_o the_o island_n of_o tenedos_n venetian_n in_o which_o war_n by_o degree_n all_o italy_n become_v concern_v and_o there_o it_o be_v that_o great_a gun_n be_v first_o use_v they_o be_v a_o german_a invention_n though_o for_o a_o while_o the_o genovese_n be_v predominant_a and_o hold_v venice_n block_v up_o for_o several_a month_n together_o yet_o in_o the_o conclusion_n the_o venetian_a have_v the_o better_a and_o make_v a_o advantageous_a peace_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o year_n 1381_o as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o there_o be_v a_o schism_n in_o the_o church_n and_o giovanna_n the_o queen_n favour_v the_o antipope_n whereupon_o pope_n urban_n practise_v against_o she_o and_o send_v carlo_n durazzo_n who_o be_v of_o the_o royal_a house_n of_o naples_n with_o a_o army_n into_o her_o kingdom_n who_o possess_v himself_o of_o her_o country_n and_o drive_v she_o away_o into_o france_n the_o king_n of_o france_n undertake_v her_o quarrel_n send_v lodovic_n d'_fw-fr angio_n to_o repossess_v the_o queen_n and_o force_n urban_n out_o of_o rome_n and_o set_v up_o the_o antipope_n but_o lodovic_n die_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o enterprise_n his_o army_n break_v up_o and_o return_v into_o france_n urban_n thereupon_o go_v over_o to_o naples_n and_o clap_v nine_o cardinal_n in_o prison_n for_o have_v side_v with_o france_n and_o the_o antipope_n after_o that_o he_o take_v it_o ill_o of_o the_o king_n that_o he_o refuse_v to_o make_v one_o of_o his_o nephew_n prince_n of_o capua_n but_o conceal_v his_o disgust_n he_o desire_v nocera_n of_o he_o for_o his_o habitation_n which_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v possess_v of_o he_o fortify_v and_o begin_v to_o cast_v about_o which_o way_n to_o deprive_v he_o of_o his_o kingdom_n the_o king_n take_v the_o alarm_n advance_v against_o nocera_n and_o besiege_v it_o but_o the_o pope_n escape_v to_o genova_n where_o he_o put_v the_o cardinal_n which_o be_v his_o prisoner_n to_o death_n from_o thence_o he_o go_v to_o rome_n and_o create_v 28_o new_a cardinal_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n charles_n king_n of_o naples_n go_v into_o hungary_n be_v proclaim_v king_n there_o and_o not_o long_o after_o kill_v he_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n to_o his_o wife_n and_o two_o child_n he_o have_v by_o she_o one_o call_v ladislao_n and_o the_o other_o giovanna_n john_n galeazzo_n visconti_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n have_v kill_v his_o uncle_n bernardo_n and_o possess_v himself_o of_o milan_n and_o not_o content_a to_o have_v make_v himself_o duke_n of_o milan_n he_o attempt_v upon_o tuscany_n but_o when_o he_o be_v in_o a_o fair_a way_n to_o have_v conquer_v it_o and_o to_o have_v make_v himself_o king_n of_o all_o italy_n 13_o he_o die_v urban_n vi_o die_v also_o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o boniface_n ix_o clâ—ment_n vii_o the_o antipope_n die_v likewise_o at_o avignon_n and_o benedict_n xiii_o be_v create_v in_o his_o room_n italy_n all_o this_o while_n be_v full_a of_o soldier_n of_o fortune_n english_a dutch_a and_o britan_n some_o of_o they_o command_v by_o prince_n which_o upon_o several_a occasion_n have_v be_v invite_v thither_o and_o some_o of_o they_o which_o have_v be_v send_v by_o the_o pope_n when_o their_o residence_n be_v at_o avignon_n with_o this_o medley_n of_o nation_n the_o prince_n of_o italy_n maintain_v their_o war_n many_o time_n till_o at_o length_n lodovico_n da_fw-mi conio_n romagnuolo_fw-la have_v train_v up_o a_o party_n of_o italian_n call_v the_o soldier_n of_o saint_n george_n by_o his_o valour_n and_o discipline_n lessen_v the_o reputation_n of_o the_o foreigner_n and_o make_v they_o afterward_o more_o useful_a and_o considerable_a in_o the_o italian_a war_n the_o pope_n upon_o certain_a difference_n which_o arise_v betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o roman_n remove_v to_o scesi_n where_o he_o remain_v till_o the_o jubilee_n in_o the_o year_n 1400._o at_o which_o time_n to_o invite_v he_o back_o again_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o city_n the_o roman_n condescend_v that_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o annual_a nomination_n of_o a_o foreign_a senator_n and_o be_v permit_v to_o fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o st._n angelo_n upon_o which_o condition_n be_v return_v to_o enrich_v the_o church_n he_o ordain_v that_o in_o every_o vacancy_n each_o benefice_n shall_v pay_v a_o annat_n into_o the_o chamber_n ecclesiastical_a after_o the_o death_n of_o john_n galeazzo_n duke_n of_o milan_n though_o he_o leave_v two_o son_n giovan-mari-angelo_n and_o philip_n the_o state_n be_v divide_v into_o many_o faction_n in_o the_o trouble_n which_o follow_v giovan-mari-angelo_n be_v slay_v and_o philip_n for_o some_o time_n keep_v prisoner_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o pavia_n but_o by_o the_o valour_n and_o allegiance_n of_o the_o governor_n
he_o escape_v among_o the_o rest_n who_o have_v seize_v the_o city_n which_o belong_v former_o to_o john_n galeazzo_n william_n della_fw-it scala_n be_v one_o who_o have_v be_v banish_v and_o retire_v to_o francisco_n de_fw-fr carrara_n lord_n of_o milan_n by_o his_o mean_n he_o recover_v the_o state_n of_o verona_n but_o he_o enjoy_v it_o a_o short_a time_n for_o francisco_n cause_v he_o to_o be_v poison_v and_o assume_v the_o government_n himself_o the_o vicentini_n hereupon_o have_v till_o then_o live_v quiet_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o visconti_n grow_v jealous_a of_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o milan_n submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o venetian_n who_o at_o their_o instigation_n make_v war_n upon_o he_o and_o beat_v he_o first_o out_o of_o verona_n and_o at_o length_n out_o of_o milan_n by_o this_o time_n pope_n boniface_n die_v and_o innocent_a vii_o innocent_n be_v elect_v in_o his_o place_n the_o people_n of_o rome_n make_v a_o solemn_a address_n to_o he_o for_o the_o restitution_n of_o their_o liberty_n and_o fort_n and_o be_v deny_v they_o call_v in_o ladislans_n king_n of_o naples_n to_o their_o assistance_n but_o their_o difference_n be_v afterward_o compose_v the_o pope_n return_v to_o rome_n from_o whence_o for_o fear_v of_o the_o people_n he_o flee_v to_o viterbo_n where_o he_o have_v make_v his_o nephew_n lodovic_n conte_n della_fw-it marca_n after_o which_o he_o die_v and_o gregory_n xii_o succeed_v upon_o condition_n he_o shall_v resign_v when_o ever_o the_o antipope_n shall_v be_v persuade_v to_o do_v the_o same_o at_o the_o intercession_n of_o the_o cardinal_n to_o try_v whether_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o accommodate_v their_o difference_n and_o reunite_v the_o church_n benedict_n the_o antipope_n come_v to_o porto_n veneri_fw-la and_o gregory_n to_o lucca_n where_o many_o expedient_n be_v propose_v but_o nothing_o conclude_v whereupon_o the_o cardinal_n forsake_v they_o both_o of_o one_o side_n and_o the_o other_o benedict_n retire_v into_o spain_n and_o gregory_n to_o rimini_n the_o cardinal_n by_o the_o favour_n of_o baldassare_n cossa_n cardinal_n and_o legate_n of_o bologna_n call_v a_o counsel_n at_o pisa_n in_o which_o they_o create_v alexander_n v._n who_o immediate_o excommunicate_v king_n ladislaus_n invest_v luigid_a '_o augio_n with_o his_o kingdom_n and_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o florentine_n genovese_n venetian_n and_o baldassare_n cossa_n the_o legate_n they_o assault_v ladislaus_n and_o drive_v he_o out_o of_o rome_n 23d_o but_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o war_n alexander_n die_v and_o baldassare_n cossa_n be_v create_v pope_n with_o the_o name_n of_o john_n xxiii_o john_n be_v create_v at_o bologna_n but_o remove_v to_o rome_n where_o he_o find_v luigi_n d'_fw-fr angio_n with_o the_o force_n of_o provence_n have_v join_v himself_o with_o he_o they_o march_v out_o against_o king_n ladislaus_n fight_v with_o he_o and_o rout_v his_o army_n but_o for_o want_v of_o good_a conduct_n not_o pursue_v their_o victory_n king_n ladislaus_n rally_v recover_v rome_n and_o force_v the_o pope_n away_o to_o bologna_n and_o luigi_n to_o provence_n the_o pope_n cast_v about_o with_o himself_o which_o way_n he_o may_v restrain_v and_o lessen_v the_o power_n of_o king_n ladislaus_n cause_v sigismond_n king_n of_o hungary_n to_o be_v choose_v emperor_n invite_v he_o into_o italy_n to_o which_o purpose_n they_o have_v a_o conference_n at_o mantua_n where_o it_o be_v conclude_v a_o general_n council_n shall_v be_v call_v for_o unite_n the_o church_n upon_o the_o accomplishment_n of_o which_o it_o be_v presume_v they_o shall_v be_v better_a able_a to_o defend_v themselves_o against_o the_o encroachment_n of_o their_o enemy_n at_o this_o time_n once_o there_o be_v three_o pope_n in_o be_v at_o once_o gregory_n benedict_n and_o john_n which_o keep_v the_o church_n very_o low_a both_o in_o force_n and_o reputation_n the_o place_n appoint_v for_o their_o convention_n be_v constance_n a_o city_n in_o germany_n contrary_a to_o the_o intention_n of_o pope_n john_n and_o though_o by_o the_o death_n of_o king_n ladislaus_n the_o great_a reason_n be_v take_v away_o that_o move_v the_o pope_n to_o that_o proposition_n nevertheless_o thing_n be_v go_v so_o far_o and_o he_o under_o a_o obligation_n he_o can_v not_o handsome_o come_v off_o but_o be_v force_v to_o go_v to_o it_o be_v arrive_v at_o constance_n it_o be_v not_o many_o month_n before_o he_o find_v his_o error_n and_o endeavour_v to_o have_v escape_v but_o be_v discover_v and_o take_v he_o be_v put_v in_o prison_n and_o compel_v to_o renounce_v gregory_n one_o of_o the_o anti-popes_n renounce_v by_o proxy_n but_o benedict_n the_o other_o antipope_n refuse_v and_o be_v condemn_v for_o a_o heretic_n at_o last_o find_v himself_o abandon_v by_o all_o the_o cardinal_n he_o renounce_v likewise_o and_o the_o counsel_n create_v a_o new_a pope_n viz._n oddo_n of_o the_o house_n of_o coloâ—ma_n 5_o who_o take_v the_o name_n of_o martin_n v._o upon_o which_o the_o schism_n be_v compose_v and_o the_o church_n unite_v after_o it_o have_v be_v divide_v forty_o year_n and_o several_a pope_n live_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n as_o we_o say_v before_o philip_n visconti_n be_v at_o this_o time_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o pauâ—a_n but_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o fantino_n care_n who_o in_o the_o trouble_n of_o lombardy_n have_v make_v himself_o lord_n of_o vercelli_n alexandria_n novara_n and_o tortona_n and_o contract_v great_a wealth_n have_v no_o son_n he_o bequeath_v his_o dominion_n to_o his_o wife_n beatrix_n enjoin_v his_o friend_n to_o use_v their_o utmost_a endeavour_n to_o marry_v she_o to_o philip_n by_o which_o marriage_n philip_n be_v much_o strengthen_v he_o recover_v milan_n and_o all_o the_o whole_a province_n of_o lombardy_n after_o which_o to_o recompense_v her_o great_a benefit_n according_a to_o the_o example_n of_o other_o prince_n he_o accuse_v his_o wife_n beatrix_n of_o adultery_n and_o put_v she_o to_o death_n be_v arrive_v at_o that_o height_n both_o of_o power_n and_o grandeur_n he_o begin_v to_o contrive_v against_o toscany_n and_o pursue_v the_o design_n of_o his_o father_n john_n galeazzo_n ladislaus_n king_n of_o naples_n at_o his_o death_n have_v leave_v to_o his_o sister_n giovanna_n beside_o his_o kingdom_n a_o formidable_a army_n command_v by_o the_o chief_a captain_n in_o italy_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n by_o sforza_n da_fw-mi contignuolo_n a_o person_n of_o particular_a repute_n for_o his_o valour_n in_o those_o war_n the_o queen_n to_o clear_v herself_o of_o a_o aspersion_n of_o too_o much_o intimacy_n with_o one_o panâ—olfello_n which_o she_o advance_v take_v to_o her_o husband_n giacopa_n della_fw-it marcia_n a_o frenchman_n of_o royal_a extraction_n but_o upon_o condition_n he_o shall_v content_v himself_o to_o be_v call_v prince_n of_o taranâ—o_n and_o leave_v the_o title_n and_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o she_o but_o the_o soldier_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v arrive_v in_o naples_n call_v he_o king_n which_o occasion_v great_a difference_n betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o queen_n sometime_o one_o prevail_v and_o sometime_o the_o other_o but_o at_o length_n the_o government_n rest_v in_o the_o queen_n and_o she_o become_v a_o severe_a enemy_n to_o the_o pope_n whereupon_o sforza_n to_o drive_v she_o into_o a_o necessity_n and_o force_v she_o to_o his_o own_o term_n lay_v down_o his_o commission_n and_o refuse_v to_o serve_v she_o against_o he_o by_o which_o mean_v be_v as_o it_o be_v disarm_v in_o a_o moment_n general_n have_v no_o other_o remedy_n she_o apply_v herself_o to_o alphonso_n king_n of_o arragon_n and_o sicily_n adopt_v he_o her_o son_n and_o to_o command_v her_o army_n she_o entertain_v braccio_fw-mi da_fw-mi montone_n as_o eminent_a a_o soldier_n as_o sforza_n and_o a_o adversary_n of_o the_o pope_n upon_o account_n of_o certain_a town_n as_o perugia_n and_o other_o which_o he_o have_v usurp_v from_o the_o church_n after_o this_o a_o peace_n be_v conclude_v betwixt_o she_o and_o the_o pope_n but_o alphonso_n suspect_v lest_o she_o shall_v serve_v he_o as_o she_o have_v do_v her_o husband_n begin_v private_o to_o contrive_v how_o he_o may_v possess_v himself_o of_o the_o fort_n but_o the_o queen_n be_v cunning_a and_o prevent_v he_o by_o fortify_v herself_o in_o the_o castle_n of_o naples_n jealousy_n increase_v in_o this_o manner_n and_o nobody_o interpose_v they_o come_v to_o a_o engagement_n and_o the_o queen_n by_o the_o help_n of_o sforza_n who_o be_v return_v to_o her_o service_n overcome_v alphonso_n drive_v he_o out_o of_o naples_n abdicate_v he_o and_o adopt_a lodovic_n d'_fw-fr angio_n in_o his_o place_n hereupon_o new_a war_n ensue_v betwixt_o braccio_n who_o be_v of_o alphonso_n party_n and_o sforza_n who_o be_v for_o the_o queen_n in_o the_o process_n of_o the_o war_n sforza_n pass_v the_o river_n pescara_n be_v by_o
by_o the_o meditation_n of_o the_o florentine_n by_o which_o the_o pope_n be_v to_o have_v in_o la_fw-fr marca_n osimo_n fabriano_n and_o ricanato_n restore_v and_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v to_o remain_v to_o the_o count_n after_o this_o accommodation_n in_o la_fw-fr marca_n all_o italy_n have_v be_v quiet_a have_v not_o the_o bolognesi_n disturb_v it_o there_o be_v two_o supereminent_a family_n in_o bologna_n the_o canneschi_n and_o the_o bentivogli_n hannibal_n be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o latter_a and_o battista_n of_o the_o first_o to_o beget_v the_o great_a confidence_n betwixt_o they_o many_o match_n have_v be_v make_v but_o among_o man_n that_o aspire_v to_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o greatness_n a_o alliance_n be_v soon_o make_v than_o a_o friendship_n bologna_n be_v in_o league_n with_o the_o venetian_n and_o florentine_n which_o league_n be_v make_v by_o hannibal_n bentivogli_n mean_n after_o francisco_n piccinino_n be_v expel_v bologna_n battista_n understanding_n how_o 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they_o as_o they_o can_v suppose_v they_o shall_v thereby_o not_o only_o encourage_v the_o garrison_n to_o defend_v themselves_o but_o make_v the_o enemy_n more_o cautious_a in_o all_o his_o attack_n hereupon_o they_o remove_v from_o s._n cassiano_n and_o encamp_v at_o s._n giminiano_n about_o five_o mile_n from_o colle_n from_o whence_o with_o their_o horse_n and_o the_o light_a of_o their_o foot_n they_o daily_o molest_v the_o duke_n camp_n but_o this_o be_v not_o enough_o for_o the_o garrison_n in_o colle_n for_o want_v all_o thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a they_o surrender_v the_o 13_o of_o november_n to_o the_o great_a displeasure_n of_o the_o florentine_n but_o the_o great_a joy_n of_o the_o enemy_n especial_o the_o siennesi_n who_o beside_o their_o common_a hatred_n to_o florence_n have_v a_o particular_a quarrel_n against_o this_o town_n winter_n be_v now_o at_o the_o height_n the_o season_n unfit_a for_o war_n and_o the_o pope_n and_o king_n to_o give_v they_o hope_n of_o peace_n or_o to_o enjoy_v their_o victory_n quiet_o themselves_o offer_v a_o truce_n for_o three_o month_n to_o the_o florentine_n and_o allow_v they_o ten_o day_n for_o a_o answer_n which_o proffer_n be_v accept_v but_o as_o a_o wound_n be_v more_o painful_a when_o cold_a than_o when_o it_o be_v first_o give_v this_o small_a repose_n give_v the_o florentine_n great_a sense_n of_o the_o misery_n which_o they_o have_v endure_v insomuch_o as_o they_o begin_v to_o talk_v free_o and_o upbraid_v one_o another_o by_o the_o miscarriage_n in_o the_o war_n charge_v one_o another_o with_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o expense_n and_o the_o inequality_n of_o their_o tax_n and_o these_o exprobration_n be_v not_o only_o in_o the_o street_n and_o among_o the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o people_n but_o even_o in_o their_o convention_n and_o public_a counsel_n in_o which_o one_o of_o they_o take_v the_o confidence_n to_o tell_v lorenzo_n to_o his_o face_n that_o the_o city_n be_v weary_a and_o will_v 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galeazzo_n be_v of_o age_n become_v capable_a of_o the_o government_n and_o marry_v to_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o calabria_n he_o have_v a_o mind_n his_o son-in-law_n and_o not_o lodovico_n shall_v exercise_v the_o government_n lodovico_n smell_v his_o design_n resolve_v if_o possible_a to_o prevent_v he_o this_o inclination_n of_o lodovico_n be_v know_v to_o the_o venetian_n they_o think_v it_o a_o fair_a opportunity_n to_o gain_v as_o they_o have_v do_v before_o by_o peace_n what_o by_o wur_n they_o have_v lose_v and_o make_v private_a overture_n to_o he_o in_o august_n 1484_o they_o come_v to_o a_o agreement_n which_o be_v no_o soon_o divulge_v but_o the_o other_o confederut_v be_v high_o displease_v especial_o see_v all_o they_o have_v take_v from_o the_o venetian_n will_v be_v restore_v the_o venetian_n lefvin_v the_o possession_n of_o rovigo_n and_o polisine_n which_o they_o have_v take_v from_o the_o marquis_n of_o ferrara_n and_o invest_v with_o all_o the_o 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and_o give_v it_o to_o the_o colonnesi_n who_o follow_v his_o party_n when_o peace_n be_v afterward_o make_v betwixt_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o king_n the_o ursini_n demand_v restitution_n by_o virtue_n of_o that_o treaty_n rome_n the_o pope_n many_o time_n require_v the_o colonnesi_n to_o deliver_v it_o but_o neither_o the_o prayer_n of_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o threat_n of_o the_o other_o be_v able_a to_o prevail_v they_o fall_v upon_o the_o ursini_n with_o their_o old_a way_n of_o depredation_n and_o plunder_v the_o pope_n not_o endure_v that_o insolence_n draw_v all_o his_o force_n together_o and_o join_v they_o with_o the_o ursini_n they_o sack_v the_o house_n of_o all_o the_o colonni_n in_o rome_n kill_v those_o who_o resist_v and_o destroy_v most_o of_o the_o castle_n which_o they_o have_v in_o those_o part_n so_o that_o those_o tumult_n be_v end_v not_o by_o peace_n but_o by_o the_o destruction_n of_o one_o of_o the_o party_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o affair_n in_o genoa_n and_o tuscany_n be_v in_o no_o better_a condition_n for_o the_o florentine_n keep_v antonio_n da_fw-mi marciano_n with_o his_o force_n upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o serezana_n and_o with_o excursion_n and_o skirmish_n keep_v the_o serezani_fw-la in_o perpetual_a alarm_n in_o genoa_n battistino_n fregoso_n doge_n of_o that_o city_n repose_v too_o much_o confidence_n in_o paulo_n fregoso_n the_o archbishop_n be_v himself_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n seize_v by_o he_o and_o the_o archbishop_n make_v himself_o prince_n the_o venetian_a fleet_n have_v at_o that_o time_n assault_v the_o king_n of_o naples_n possess_v themselves_o of_o galipoli_n and_o alarm_v all_o the_o town_n about_o it_o but_o upon_o the_o peace_n in_o lombardy_n all_o the_o difference_n be_v compose_v except_o those_o in_o tuscany_n and_o rome_n for_o the_o pope_n die_v five_o day_n after_o the_o peace_n be_v proclaim_v either_o his_o time_n be_v then_o come_v or_o else_o his_o indignation_n at_o the_o peace_n against_o which_o he_o be_v most_o obstinate_o averse_a have_v kill_v he_o however_o he_o leave_v all_o italy_n quiet_a when_o he_o die_v though_o whilst_o he_o live_v he_o keep_v it_o constant_o embroil_v upon_o his_o death_n rome_n be_v immediate_o in_o arm_n count_n girolamo_n with_o his_o force_n retire_v to_o the_o castle_n the_o ursini_n be_v fearful_a the_o colonni_n will_v revenge_v the_o injury_n they_o have_v so_o late_o receive_v the_o colonni_n demand_v their_o house_n and_o castle_n to_o be_v make_v good_a so_o that_o in_o a_o few_o day_n murder_n robery_n and_o burn_v of_o house_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o city_n but_o the_o cardinal_n have_v persuade_v girolamo_n to_o deliver_v up_o the_o castle_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o their_o college_n to_o retire_v to_o his_o own_o government_n and_o free_a the_o city_n from_o his_o force_n hope_v thereby_o to_o make_v the_o next_o pope_n his_o friend_n he_o ready_o obey_v deliver_v up_o the_o castle_n to_o the_o 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to_o achieve_v they_o be_v applaud_v at_o least_o not_o upbraid_v thereby_o but_o when_o they_o be_v unable_a to_o compass_v it_o and_o yet_o will_v be_v do_v than_o they_o be_v condemn_v and_o indeed_o not_o unworthy_o if_o france_n then_o with_o its_o own_o force_n alone_o have_v be_v able_a to_o have_v enterprise_v upon_o naples_n it_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v do_v but_o if_o her_o own_o private_a strength_n be_v too_o weak_a it_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v be_v divide_v and_o if_o the_o division_n of_o lombardy_n to_o which_o she_o consent_v with_o the_o venetian_a be_v excusable_a it_o be_v because_o do_v to_o get_v foot_v in_o italy_n but_o this_o partition_n of_o naples_n with_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n be_v extreme_o to_o be_v condemn_v because_o not_o press_v or_o quicken_v by_o such_o necessity_n as_o the_o former_a lewis_n therefore_o commit_v five_o fault_n in_o this_o expedition_n he_o ruine_v the_o inferior_a lord_n he_o augment_v the_o dominion_n of_o a_o neighbour_n 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in_o romania_n and_o perform_v very_o valiant_o in_o all_o those_o war_n of_o tancred_n one_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o those_o norman_n be_v bear_v several_a son_n among_o which_o william_n call_v ferabar_n and_o roberto_n call_v guiscardo_n be_v two_o william_n arrive_v to_o be_v prince_n and_o the_o tumult_n in_o italy_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n compose_v but_o the_o saracen_n have_v sicily_n entire_a and_o daily_a invasion_n make_v upon_o italy_n william_n enter_v into_o confederacy_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o capua_n and_o salerno_n and_o with_o milorcus_fw-la a_o grecian_a who_o by_o the_o emperor_n of_o greece_n be_v depute_v governor_n of_o puglia_n and_o calabria_n to_o invade_v sicily_n and_o in_o case_n of_o victory_n it_o be_v agree_v among_o they_o that_o both_o prey_n and_o country_n shall_v be_v equa_o divide_v the_o enterprise_n be_v prosperous_a they_o beat_v the_o saracen_n drive_v they_o out_o of_o the_o country_n and_o possess_v it_o when_o they_o have_v do_v 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those_o state_n he_o make_v use_v of_o the_o pope_n mediation_n who_o ready_o comply_v be_v desirous_a to_o oblige_v roberto_n that_o he_o may_v defend_v he_o against_o the_o german_a emperor_n and_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o it_o afterward_o happen_v as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o that_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o gregory_n vii_o he_o force_v enrico_n from_o rome_n and_o suppress_v the_o sedition_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n robert_n be_v succeed_v by_o two_o of_o his_o son_n roger_n and_o william_n to_o their_o inheritance_n they_o annex_v the_o city_n of_o naples_n and_o all_o the_o country_n betwixt_o it_o and_o rome_n beside_o that_o they_o subdue_v sicily_n of_o which_o roger_n be_v make_v lord_n but_o william_n go_v afterward_o to_o constantinople_n to_o marry_v that_o emperor_n daughter_n roger_n take_v advantage_n of_o his_o absence_n seize_v upon_o his_o country_n and_o elate_v by_o so_o great_a a_o acquest_n cause_v himself_o first_o to_o be_v call_v king_n of_o italy_n 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against_o the_o infidel_n kindle_v such_o a_o fire_n in_o their_o mind_n they_o resolve_v upon_o a_o expedition_n into_o asia_n against_o the_o saracen_n which_o expedition_n as_o all_o other_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n be_v call_v afterward_o crociate_v because_o all_o that_o go_v along_o in_o it_o carry_v a_o red_a cross_n upon_o their_o arm_n crusade_n and_o their_o clothes_n the_o chief_a commander_n in_o this_o enterprise_n be_v gottofredi_n eustachio_n alduino_n di_fw-fr buglione_n earl_n of_o bologna_n and_o peter_n the_o hermit_n a_o man_n of_o singular_a veneration_n both_o for_o his_o prudence_n and_o piety_n many_o prince_n and_o nation_n assist_v with_o their_o purse_n and_o many_o private_a man_n serve_v as_o volunteer_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n so_o great_a a_o influence_n have_v religion_n in_o those_o day_n upon_o the_o spirit_n of_o man_n encourage_v by_o the_o example_n of_o their_o several_a commander_n at_o first_o the_o enterprise_n be_v very_o successful_a all_o asia_n minor_fw-la syria_n and_o part_n of_o egypt_n fall_v under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o christian_n during_o which_o war_n the_o order_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o jerusalem_n be_v institute_v and_o continue_v a_o long_a time_n in_o rhodes_n as_o a_o bulwark_n against_o the_o turk_n not_o long_o after_o the_o order_n of_o the_o knight_n templar_n be_v found_v but_o it_o last_v not_o long_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o dissoluteness_n of_o their_o manner_n at_o sundry_a time_n after_o these_o thing_n upon_o sundry_a occasion_n many_o accident_n fall_v out_o in_o which_o several_a nation_n and_o particular_a man_n signalise_v themselves_o there_o be_v engage_v in_o this_o expedition_n the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n the_o state_n of_o pisa_n venice_n and_o genoa_n all_o behave_v themselves_o with_o great_a bravery_n and_o sight_v with_o variety_n of_o fortune_n till_o the_o time_n of_o saladine_n the_o saracen_n but_o his_o courage_n and_o virtue_n improve_v by_o intestine_a difference_n among_o the_o christian_n rob_v they_o of_o the_o glory_n they_o have_v gain_v at_o the_o first_o and_o chase_v they_o out_o of_o a_o country_n where_o for_o ninety_o year_n they_o have_v be_v so_o honourable_o â—d_a and_o so_o happy_o place_v after_o the_o death_n of_o pope_n urban_n pascal_n ii_o be_v choose_v to_o succeed_v he_o and_o enrico_n iv._o make_v emperor_n who_o come_v to_o rome_n and_o pretend_v great_a friendship_n to_o the_o pope_n take_v his_o advantage_n clap_v both_o he_o and_o his_o clergy_n in_o prison_n and_o never_o discharge_v they_o till_o they_o have_v empower_v he_o to_o dispose_v of_o the_o church_n in_o germany_n as_o he_o please_v himself_o about_o this_o time_n matilda_n the_o countess_n die_v and_o give_v her_o patrimony_n to_o the_o church_n after_o the_o death_n of_o pascal_n and_o enric_n many_o pope_n and_o many_o emperor_n succeed_v 3d._n till_o the_o papacy_n fall_v to_o alexander_n iii_o and_o the_o empire_n to_o frederick_n barbarossa_n a_o swede_n the_o pope_n of_o those_o day_n have_v many_o controversy_n with_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o emperor_n which_o till_o the_o time_n of_o barbarossa_n rather_o increase_v than_o otherwise_o frederick_n be_v a_o excellent_a soldier_n but_o so_o haughty_a and_o high_a he_o can_v not_o brook_v to_o give_v place_n to_o the_o pope_n notwithstanding_o he_o come_v to_o rome_n to_o be_v crown_v and_o return_v peaceable_o into_o germany_n but_o that_o humour_n last_v but_o little_a for_o he_o return_v short_o into_o italy_n to_o reduce_v some_o town_n in_o lombardy_n which_o deny_v he_o obedience_n in_o this_o juncture_n cardinal_n di_fw-it s._n clement_n a_o roman_n bear_v divide_v from_o pope_n alexander_n be_v make_v pope_n himself_o by_o a_o faction_n in_o the_o conclave_n frederick_n the_o emperor_n be_v then_o encamp_v before_o crema_fw-la antipope_n alexander_n complain_v to_o he_o of_o the_o antipope_n frederick_n reply_v that_o they_o shall_v both_o of_o they_o appear_v personal_o before_o he_o and_o that_o then_o hear_v faithful_o what_o each_o of_o they_o can_v say_v he_o shall_v be_v better_a able_a to_o determine_v which_o be_v in_o the_o right_n alexander_n be_v not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v with_o the_o answer_n but_o perceive_v the_o emperor_n incline_v to_o the_o adversary_n he_o excommunicate_v he_o and_o run_v away_o to_o king_n philip_n of_o france_n for_o all_o that_o frederick_n prosecute_v his_o war_n in_o lombardy_n take_v and_o dismantle_v milan_n which_o put_v the_o city_n of_o verona_n milan_n and_o venice_n upon_o a_o confederacy_n for_o their_o common_a defence_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o antipope_n die_v and_o frederick_n presume_v to_o create_v guidâ—_n of_o cremona_n in_o his_o place_n the_o roman_n take_v advantage_n of_o the_o pope_n absence_n and_o the_o emperor_n diversion_n in_o lombardy_n have_v reassumed_a something_o of_o their_o former_a authority_n and_o begin_v to_o require_v obedience_n in_o the_o
neighbour_a place_n which_o have_v be_v ancient_o their_o subject_n and_o because_o the_o tuscan_n refuse_v to_o submit_v they_o march_v confuse_o against_o they_o but_o they_o be_v reinforce_v by_o frederick_n give_v the_o roman_a army_n such_o a_o blow_n that_o since_o that_o time_n rome_n can_v never_o recover_v its_o old_a condition_n either_o for_o populousness_n or_o wealth_n upon_o these_o event_n pope_n alexander_n be_v return_v to_o rome_n presume_v he_o may_v be_v safe_a there_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o animosity_n the_o roman_n retain_v against_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o employment_n his_o enemy_n give_v he_o in_o lombardy_n but_o frederick_n postpone_v all_o other_o respect_n march_v with_o his_o army_n to_o besiege_v rome_n alexander_n think_v it_o not_o convenient_a to_o attend_v he_o but_o withdraw_v into_o puglia_n to_o william_n who_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o roger_n be_v next_o heir_n be_v make_v king_n frederick_n be_v much_o molest_v and_o weaken_a by_o a_o contagion_n in_o his_o army_n raise_v his_o siege_n and_o go_v back_o into_o germany_n the_o lombard_n which_o be_v in_o league_n against_o he_o to_o restrain_v their_o excursion_n and_o straighten_v the_o town_n of_o pavia_n and_o tortona_n cause_v a_o city_n to_o be_v build_v which_o they_o intend_v for_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o war_n and_o call_v it_o alexandria_n in_o honour_n to_o pope_n alexander_n and_o defiance_n to_o the_o emperor_n guido_n the_o new_a antipope_n die_v likewise_o and_o john_n of_o fermo_n be_v choose_v in_o his_o room_n who_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o imperial_a party_n be_v permit_v to_o keep_v his_o residence_n in_o monte_fw-fr fiascone_a whilst_o alexander_n be_v go_v into_o tuscany_n invite_v by_o that_o people_n that_o by_o his_o authority_n they_o may_v be_v the_o better_o defend_v against_o the_o roman_n be_v there_o ambassador_n come_v to_o he_o from_o henry_n king_n of_o england_n to_o clear_v their_o master_n innocence_n in_o the_o death_n of_o thomas_n becket_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n with_o which_o he_o be_v public_o and_o most_o infamous_o asperse_v becâ—et_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o truth_n the_o pope_n send_v two_o cardinal_n into_o england_n who_o notwithstanding_o they_o find_v not_o his_o majesty_n in_o any_o manifest_a guilt_n yet_o for_o the_o scandal_n of_o the_o fact_n and_o that_o he_o have_v not_o honour_v the_o say_a archbishop_n with_o the_o respect_n he_o deserve_v they_o prescribe_v as_o a_o penance_n that_o he_o shall_v call_v all_o the_o baron_n of_o his_o kingdom_n together_o swear_v his_o innocence_n before_o they_o send_v 200_o soldier_n to_o jerusalem_n to_o be_v pay_v by_o he_o for_o a_o twelvemonth_n and_o himself_o follow_v in_o person_n with_o as_o great_a a_o power_n as_o he_o can_v raise_v before_o three_o year_n be_v expire_v that_o he_o shall_v disannul_v all_o thing_n pass_v in_o his_o kingdom_n in_o prejudice_n to_o the_o ecclesiastic_a liberty_n and_o consent_n that_o any_o of_o his_o subject_n whatever_o shall_v appeal_v to_o rome_n when_o and_o as_o often_o as_o they_o think_v it_o convenient_a all_o which_o condition_n be_v ready_o accept_v and_o that_o great_a prince_n submit_v to_o a_o sentence_n there_o be_v scarce_o a_o private_a person_n but_o will_v scorn_v at_o this_o day_n but_o though_o his_o holiness_n be_v so_o formidable_a to_o the_o prince_n abroad_o he_o be_v not_o so_o terrible_a in_o rome_n the_o people_n in_o that_o city_n will_v not_o be_v â—oaksed_v nor_o persuade_v to_o let_v he_o live_v there_o though_o he_o protest_v he_o will_v meddle_v no_o far_o than_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v thing_n at_o a_o distance_n be_v more_o dreadful_a than_o near_o at_o hand_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n frederick_n be_v return_v into_o italy_n with_o resolution_n to_o make_v a_o new_a war_n upon_o the_o pope_n but_o whilst_o he_o be_v busy_a about_o his_o preparation_n his_o baron_n and_o clergy_n give_v he_o advertisement_n that_o they_o will_v all_o forsake_v he_o unless_o he_o reconcile_v himself_o to_o the_o church_n so_o that_o change_v his_o design_n he_o be_v force_v to_o go_v and_o make_v his_o submission_n at_o venice_n and_o pacification_n be_v make_v the_o pope_n in_o the_o agreement_n deve_v the_o emperor_n of_o all_o the_o authority_n he_o pretend_v over_o rome_n and_o name_v william_n king_n of_o sicily_n and_o puglia_n his_o confederate_n frederick_n be_v a_o active_a prince_n and_o unable_a to_o lie_v still_o embark_v himself_o in_o the_o enterprise_n into_o asia_n to_o spend_v his_o ambition_n against_o the_o turk_n which_o he_o can_v not_o do_v so_o effectual_o against_o the_o pope_n but_o be_v get_v as_o far_o as_o the_o river_n cidvo_n allure_v by_o the_o clearness_n and_o excellence_n of_o the_o water_n he_o will_v needs_o wash_v himself_o in_o it_o and_o that_o wash_n give_v he_o his_o death_n those_o water_n be_v more_o beneficial_a to_o the_o turk_n than_o all_o excommunication_n to_o the_o christian_n for_o whereas_o these_o only_o cool_v and_o assuage_v his_o ambition_n they_o wash_v it_o away_o and_o extinguish_v it_o quite_o frederick_n be_v dead_a nothing_o remain_v now_o to_o be_v supprese_v but_o the_o contumacy_n of_o the_o roman_n after_o much_o argument_n and_o dispute_n about_o their_o creation_n of_o consul_n it_o be_v conclude_v the_o roman_n according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n shall_v have_v liberty_n to_o choose_v they_o but_o they_o shall_v not_o execute_v their_o office_n till_o they_o have_v swear_v fealty_n to_o the_o church_n upon_o this_o accord_n john_n the_o antipope_n flee_v to_o monte_n albano_n and_o die_v present_o after_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n william_n king_n of_o naples_n die_v also_o and_o have_v leave_v no_o son_n but_o tanacred_a a_o bastard_n the_o pope_n design_v to_o have_v possess_v himself_o of_o his_o kingdom_n but_o by_o the_o opposition_n of_o the_o baron_n pope_n tanacred_a be_v make_v king_n afterward_o celestin_n iii_o come_v to_o the_o papacy_n and_o be_v desirous_a to_o wrest_v that_o kingdom_n from_o tanacred_a he_o contrive_v to_o make_v enrico_n frederick_n son_n king_n promise_v he_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v restore_v such_o land_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n and_o to_o facilitate_v the_o business_n he_o take_v costanza_n a_o ancient_a maid_n daughter_n to_o king_n william_n out_o of_o a_o monastery_n and_o give_v she_o he_o for_o his_o wife_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n pass_v from_o the_o norman_n who_o have_v found_v it_o and_o fall_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o german_n henricus_fw-la the_o emperor_n have_v first_o settle_v his_o affair_n in_o germany_n come_v into_o italy_n with_o his_o wife_n costanza_n and_o one_o of_o his_o son_n call_v frederick_n about_o four_o year_n of_o age_n and_o without_o much_o difficulty_n possess_v himself_o of_o that_o kingdom_n tanacred_a be_v dead_a and_o only_o one_o child_n remain_v of_o his_o issue_n call_v roger_n not_o long_o after_o enricus_n die_v in_o sicily_n he_o be_v succeed_v in_o that_o kingdom_n by_o frederick_n and_o otto_n duke_n of_o saxony_n choose_a emperor_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o pope_n innocent_a iii_o but_o no_o soon_o have_v he_o get_v the_o crown_n upon_o his_o head_n but_o contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o man_n he_o become_v enemy_n to_o the_o pope_n seize_v upon_o romania_n and_o give_v out_o order_n for_o the_o assault_a that_o kingdom_n upon_o which_o be_v excommunicate_v by_o the_o pope_n and_o desert_v by_o his_o friend_n frederick_z king_n of_o naples_n be_v choose_v emperor_n in_o his_o place_n the_o say_v frederick_n come_v to_o rome_n to_o be_v crown_v the_o pope_n scruple_v it_o be_v jealous_a of_o his_o power_n and_o endeavour_v to_o persuade_v he_o out_o of_o italy_n as_o he_o have_v do_v otto_n before_o which_o frederick_n disdain_v retire_v into_o germany_n and_o make_v war_n upon_o otto_n overcome_v he_o at_o last_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n innocent_n die_v who_o beside_o other_o magnificent_a work_n build_v the_o hospital_n di_fw-mi santo_n spirito_n at_o rome_n honorius_n iii_o succeed_v he_o in_o who_o papacy_n be_v institute_v the_o order_n of_o s._n dominick_n and_o s._n francis_n pope_n in_o the_o year_n mccxviii_o honorius_n crown_v frederick_n to_o who_o john_n 1218._o descend_v from_o baldwin_n king_n of_o jerusalem_n who_o command_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o christian_n in_o asia_n and_o retain_v that_o title_n give_v one_o of_o his_o daughter_n in_o marriage_n and_o the_o title_n of_o that_o kingdom_n in_o dower_n with_o she_o and_o from_o that_o time_n whoever_o be_v king_n of_o naples_n have_v that_o title_n annex_v in_o italy_n at_o that_o time_n they_o live_v in_o this_o manner_n the_o roman_n have_v no_o more_o the_o creation_n of_o consul_n annex_v but_o in_o lieu_n of_o it_o they_o invest_v sometime_o one_o
emperor_n charles_n call_v away_o his_o governor_n and_o the_o pope_n send_v his_o cardinal_n nephew_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o it_o for_o the_o emperor_n to_o recompense_v that_o kindness_n the_o emperor_n restore_v romania_n to_o the_o church_n which_o have_v be_v usurp_v by_o his_o predecessor_n and_o the_o pope_n make_v bartaldo_n orsino_n duke_n of_o romagna_n grow_v more_o powerful_a by_o degree_n and_o believe_v himself_o strong_a enough_o to_o look_v charles_n in_o the_o face_n he_o begin_v to_o expostulate_v turn_v he_o out_o of_o his_o senatorship_n and_o publish_v a_o decree_n that_o no_o person_n for_o the_o future_a of_o royal_a extraction_n shall_v ever_o be_v senator_n in_o rome_n not_o content_v with_o this_o he_o carry_v his_o design_n far_o and_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n to_o have_v drive_v charles_n out_o of_o sicily_n to_o which_o end_n he_o hold_v secret_a intelligence_n with_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n who_o effect_v it_o alterwards_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o successor_n he_o design_v likewise_o to_o have_v make_v two_o king_n out_o of_o his_o family_n one_o of_o lombardy_n the_o other_o of_o tuscany_n by_o who_o power_n and_o assistance_n the_o church_n may_v be_v defend_v from_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o german_n abroad_o and_o the_o oppression_n of_o the_o french_a at_o home_n but_o he_o die_v before_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v do_v be_v the_o first_o pope_n that_o give_v so_o manifest_a demonstration_n of_o ambition_n or_o that_o under_o pretence_n of_o advance_v the_o church_n design_v only_o to_o exalt_v and_o magnify_v his_o own_o family_n nephew_n and_o though_o from_o this_o time_n backward_o no_o mention_n be_v to_o be_v find_v of_o nephew_n or_o any_o other_o of_o his_o holiness_n kindred_n yet_o forward_o all_o history_n be_v full_a of_o they_o and_o as_o former_o the_o pope_n have_v endeavour_v to_o leave_v they_o prince_n they_o will_v leave_v they_o pope_n now_o adays_o if_o they_o can_v and_o make_v the_o papacy_n hereditary_a but_o the_o principality_n they_o erect_v have_v be_v hitherto_o short-lived_a for_o the_o pope_n seldom_o live_v long_o the_o first_o gust_n of_o wind_n shake_v they_o for_o want_v of_o their_o authority_n and_o courage_n to_o sustain_v they_o pope_n this_o pope_n be_v dead_a martin_n x._o succeed_v who_o be_v bear_v a_o frenchman_n be_v a_o friend_n to_o the_o french_a and_o charles_n in_o the_o rebellion_n of_o romania_n send_v a_o army_n to_o his_o assistance_n who_o have_v besiege_v furli_fw-la guido_n bonatti_n a_o astrologer_n be_v in_o the_o town_n appoint_v the_o garrison_n a_o certain_a time_n to_o sally_v upon_o they_o and_o follow_v his_o direction_n they_o do_v it_o with_o such_o success_n that_o the_o whole_a french_a army_n be_v either_o take_v or_o kill_v about_o this_o time_n the_o practice_n betwixt_o pope_n nicholas_n and_o peter_n king_n of_o arragon_n be_v put_v in_o execution_n the_o sicilian_n by_o that_o mean_v kill_v all_o the_o french_a they_o find_v in_o that_o island_n and_o peter_n make_v himself_o lord_n of_o it_o upon_o pretence_n it_o belong_v to_o constansa_n manfreds_n daughter_n who_o he_o have_v marry_v but_o charles_n in_o his_o preparation_n for_o its_o recovery_n die_v leave_v charles_n ii_o his_o son_n at_o that_o time_n a_o prisoner_n in_o sicily_n who_o for_o his_o enlargement_n promise_v to_o surrender_v himself_o again_o if_o in_o three_o year_n time_n he_o prevail_v not_o with_o the_o pope_n to_o invest_v the_o house_n of_o arragon_n with_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sicily_n ridolfus_n the_o emperor_n in_o stead_n of_o come_v into_o italy_n himself_o to_o recover_v the_o reputation_n of_o the_o empire_n send_v a_o ambassador_n thither_o with_o full_a power_n to_o enfranchize_v such_o city_n as_o will_v buy_v out_o their_o freedom_n upon_o which_o many_o city_n redeem_v themselves_o and_o change_v their_o law_n with_o their_o liberty_n adulfus_n duke_n of_o saxony_n succeed_v in_o the_o empire_n and_o in_o the_o popedom_n piero_n del_fw-it murone_fw-it by_o the_o name_n of_o pope_n celestine_n 8_o but_o have_v be_v a_o hermit_n and_o exceed_o devout_a in_o six_o month_n time_n he_o renounce_v and_o boniface_n viii_o be_v choose_v in_o his_o room_n the_o heaven_n foresee_v the_o time_n will_v come_v italy_n shall_v be_v deliver_v both_o from_o the_o german_n and_o french_a and_o remain_v entire_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o its_o native_n that_o the_o pope_n though_o free_v from_o foreign_a impedidiment_n may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o usurp_v and_o establish_v himself_o in_o the_o power_n which_o he_o exercise_v then_o raise_v up_o two_o great_a family_n in_o rome_n the_o colonni_n and_o the_o ursini_n that_o by_o their_o authority_n and_o alliance_n they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o circumscribe_v his_o holiness_n and_o keep_v he_o within_o his_o bound_n pope_n boniface_n be_v sensible_a of_o they_o and_o apply_v himself_o very_o zealous_o to_o have_v extirpate_v the_o colonni_n excommunicate_v they_o first_o and_o then_o proclaim_v the_o crociata_n against_o they_o which_o though_o it_o may_v be_v some_o prejudice_n to_o they_o be_v more_o to_o the_o church_n for_o those_o sword_n which_o have_v be_v draw_v in_o vindication_n of_o the_o gospel_n and_o do_v honourable_a thing_n when_o for_o private_a ambition_n they_o be_v unsheathe_v against_o christian_n they_o lose_v their_o first_o sharpness_n and_o will_v not_o cut_v at_o all_o and_o so_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v their_o immoderate_a desire_n of_o satiate_v their_o appetite_n by_o degree_n lessen_v the_o pope_n power_n and_o disarm_v they_o two_o of_o that_o house_n which_o be_v cardinal_n he_o degrade_v sciarra_n the_o chief_a of_o they_o escape_v in_o disguise_n be_v discover_v be_v take_v by_o the_o spanish_a privateer_n and_o clap_v to_o a_o oar_n but_o be_v know_v at_o marseilles_n he_o be_v rescue_v and_o send_v away_o to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o by_o boniface_n be_v excommunicate_v thereupon_o and_o deprive_v of_o his_o kingdom_n philip_n king_n of_o france_n consider_v very_o well_o that_o in_o all_o open_a war_n with_o the_o pope_n he_o have_v either_o run_v some_o eminent_a danger_n or_o come_v home_o by_o the_o loss_n begin_v to_o look_v about_o for_o some_o artifice_n and_o at_o length_n pretend_v great_a readiness_n to_o comply_v and_o counterfeit_v a_o treaty_n he_o send_v sciarra_n private_o into_o italy_n who_o be_v arrive_v at_o anagnia_n where_o at_o that_o time_n the_o pope_n have_v his_o residence_n gather_v his_o friend_n together_o in_o the_o night_n he_o seize_v upon_o his_o holiness_n who_o though_o enlarge_v afterward_o by_o the_o people_n of_o the_o town_n die_v short_o in_o a_o dilirium_fw-la with_o mere_a sense_n and_o indigation_n this_o boniface_n be_v the_o first_o pope_n which_o ordain_v jubilee_n in_o the_o year_n m.ccc_o year_n and_o decree_v they_o shall_v be_v celebrate_v every_o hundred_o year_n these_o time_n produce_v many_o trouble_n betwixt_o the_o guelf_n and_o the_o gibilin_n and_o italy_n be_v forsake_v by_o the_o emperor_n many_o town_n recover_v their_o liberty_n and_o many_o be_v usurp_v pope_n benedict_n restore_v their_o cap_n to_o the_o cardinal_n of_o the_o house_n of_o colonni_n absolve_v king_n philip_n and_o give_v he_o his_o blessing_n 1306._o benedict_n be_v succeed_v by_o clement_n v._n who_o be_v a_o frenchman_n remove_v his_o court_n into_o france_n anno_fw-la mcccvi_o during_o these_o transaction_n charles_n ii_o king_n of_o naples_n die_v and_o leave_v the_o succession_n to_o robert_n his_o son_n the_o empire_n be_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n fall_v to_o arrigo_n of_o luxemburg_n who_o come_v to_o rome_n to_o be_v crown_v though_o the_o pope_n be_v not_o there_o upon_o who_o arrival_n many_o commotion_n follow_v in_o lombardy_n and_o all_o banish_a person_n whether_o guelf_n or_o gibilin_n be_v restore_v to_o their_o former_a habitation_n conspire_v to_o supplant_v one_o another_o they_o fill_v the_o whole_a province_n with_o the_o calamity_n of_o war_n notwithstanding_o the_o emperor_n employ_v his_o utmost_a power_n to_o prevent_v it_o arrigo_n remove_v out_o of_o lombardy_n by_o the_o way_n of_o genova_n return_v to_o pisa_n with_o design_n to_o have_v drive_v king_n râ—bâ—rt_n out_o of_o tascany_n but_o not_o succeed_v in_o that_o he_o march_v to_o rome_n but_o continue_v there_o a_o few_o day_n only_o for_o the_o ursini_n by_o the_o help_n of_o king_n robert_n force_v he_o to_o remove_v and_o he_o march_v back_o again_o to_o pisa_n where_o for_o his_o more_o secure_a warring_n upon_o tuscany_n and_o supplant_n that_o king_n he_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v assault_v on_o the_o other_o side_n by_o frederick_n king_n of_o sicily_n but_o in_o the_o height_n of_o his_o design_n when_o he_o think_v himself_o sure_a both_o of_o tuscany_n and_o its_o king_n 〈…〉_z he_o die_v and_o the_o succession_n go_v to_o lodovick_n of_o bavaria_n about_o this_o
accident_n drown_v his_o death_n be_v a_o great_a prejudice_n to_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o queen_n who_o thereupon_o will_v have_v run_v great_a hazard_n of_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o her_o kingdom_n have_v not_o her_o loss_n be_v supply_v by_o philip_n visconti_n duke_n of_o milan_n who_o force_v alphonso_n back_o again_o into_o arragon_n but_o braccio_n not_o at_o all_o discourage_v at_o alphonso_n departure_n continue_a war_n upon_o the_o queen_n and_o besiege_a aquila_n the_o pope_n look_v upon_o braccio_n greatness_n as_o a_o diminution_n to_o the_o church_n entertain_v francisco_n the_o son_n of_o sforza_n into_o his_o pay_n who_o march_v with_o a_o army_n to_o the_o relief_n of_o aquila_n engage_v braccio_n rout_v his_o army_n and_o slay_v he_o of_o braccio_n party_n there_o remain_v only_a otho_n his_o son_n from_o who_o the_o pope_n take_v perugia_n but_o leave_v he_o the_o government_n of_o montone_n but_o he_o also_o be_v not_o long_o after_o slay_v in_o romania_n in_o the_o florentine_a assistance_n so_o that_o of_o all_o those_o who_o fight_v under_o the_o discipline_n of_o braccio_n nicholas_n piccinino_n be_v the_o man_n now_o of_o great_a reputation_n be_v come_v thus_o near_o with_o our_o narrative_n to_o the_o time_n we_o design_v that_o which_o remain_v be_v considerable_a in_o nothing_o but_o the_o war_n which_o the_o florentine_n and_o the_o venetian_n have_v with_o philip_n duke_n of_o milan_n of_o which_o our_o relation_n shall_v be_v particular_a when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o florence_n we_o shall_v forbear_v to_o enlarge_v any_o far_a and_o only_o in_o short_a reduce_v it_o to_o memory_n in_o what_o state_n and_o posture_n italy_n then_o stand_v with_o its_o prince_n and_o army_n among_o the_o principal_a state_n ittaly_n queen_n giovanna_n hold_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n la_fw-fr marca_n the_o patrimony_n and_o romagna_fw-la part_v of_o their_o town_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n part_n to_o their_o particular_a governor_n or_o other_o which_o have_v usurp_v they_o as_o ferrara_n modena_n reggio_n to_o the_o family_n of_o the_o esti_n faenzi_n to_o the_o manfredi_n imola_n to_o the_o alidosi_n furli_fw-la to_o the_o ordelaffi_n rimini_n and_o pesaro_n to_o the_o malatesti_n and_o camerino_n to_o the_o house_n varana_n lombardy_n be_v divide_v part_n under_o duke_n philip_n and_o part_n under_o the_o venetian_a all_o the_o rest_n who_o have_v have_v any_o sovereignty_n or_o principality_n in_o those_o part_n be_v extinct_a except_o only_o the_o house_n of_o gonzagua_n which_o govern_v in_o mantua_n at_o that_o time_n of_o tuscany_n the_o great_a part_n be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o florentine_a lucca_n only_o and_o sienna_n live_v free_a under_o their_o own_o law_n lucca_n under_o the_o guinigi_n and_o sienna_n of_o itself_o the_o genovese_n be_v free_a sometime_o sometime_o under_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o french_a and_o sometime_o of_o the_o visconti_n they_o live_v without_o any_o great_a reputation_n and_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o mean_a and_o most_o inconsiderable_a state_n of_o that_o country_n their_o principal_a potentate_n be_v not_o themselves_o in_o command_n but_o their_o army_n manage_v by_o their_o general_n duke_n philip_n consign_v himself_o to_o his_o chamber_n and_o not_o be_v to_o be_v see_v his_o war_n be_v manage_v by_o commissioner_n the_o venetian_n alter_v their_o scene_n and_o make_v war_n by_o land_n they_o disbarque_v that_o army_n which_o have_v make_v they_o so_o glorious_a by_o sea_n and_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o their_o country_n give_v the_o command_n of_o it_o to_o other_o people_n the_o pope_n be_v a_o religious_a person_n and_o giovanna_n queen_n of_o naples_n a_o woman_n be_v not_o so_o proper_a to_o command_v in_o person_n and_o therefore_o do_v that_o by_o necessity_n which_o other_o do_v by_o indiscretion_n the_o florentine_n be_v under_o the_o same_o necessity_n for_o their_o frequent_a division_n have_v exhaust_v their_o nobility_n and_o the_o government_n of_o the_o city_n remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o as_o be_v breed_v up_o to_o merchandise_n in_o their_o war_n they_o be_v force_v to_o follow_v the_o fortune_n and_o direction_n of_o stranget_n so_o that_o the_o army_n all_o italy_n over_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o small_a prince_n or_o such_o as_o have_v no_o sovereignty_n at_o all_o those_o small_a prince_n embrace_v those_o command_n not_o from_o any_o impulse_n or_o stimulation_n of_o glory_n but_o to_o live_v plentiful_o and_o safe_a the_o other_o education_n have_v be_v small_a not_o know_v what_o other_o course_n to_o take_v they_o take_v up_o arm_n hope_v thereby_o to_o gain_v either_o honour_n or_o estate_n among_o these_o the_o most_o eminent_a be_v carmignuola_n francisco_n sforza_n nicholo_n piccinino_n bring_v up_o under_o braccio_n agnolo_fw-it della_fw-it pergola_n lorenzo_n and_o micheletto_n attenduli_n il_fw-fr tartaglia_n giaccopaccio_n ceccolino_n da_fw-mi perugia_n nicolo_n da_fw-mi tolentino_n guido_n torello_n antonio_n dal_n ponte_n ad_fw-la hera_n and_o many_o other_o with_o these_o may_v be_v reckon_v those_o prince_n which_o i_o have_v mention_v before_o to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o baron_n of_o rome_n the_o orsini_n colonnesi_n and_o other_o lord_n and_o gentleman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o lombardy_n who_o depend_v upon_o the_o war_n have_v settle_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o league_n and_o intelligence_n betwixt_o themselves_o model_v it_o with_o that_o artifice_n and_o temporize_v so_o exact_o that_o most_o common_o who_o ever_o be_v enemy_n both_o side_n be_v sure_a to_o be_v loser_n by_o this_o mean_n the_o art_n of_o war_n become_v so_o mean_a and_o unserviceable_a every_o little_a officer_n that_o have_v but_o the_o least_o spark_n of_o experience_n can_v have_v easy_o correct_v it_o of_o these_o lazy_a prince_n and_o their_o despicable_a officer_n shall_v be_v the_o subject_n of_o my_o ensue_a discourse_n but_o before_o i_o come_v to_o it_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a according_a to_o my_o promise_n at_o first_o to_o deduce_v florence_n from_o its_o original_a and_o give_v every_o one_o a_o clear_a prospect_n what_o be_v the_o state_n of_o that_o city_n in_o those_o time_n and_o by_o what_o mean_v it_o arrive_v at_o it_o through_o the_o imbroilment_n of_o a_o thousand_o year_n in_o which_o italy_n be_v involve_v the_o history_n of_o florence_n book_n ii_o among_o the_o great_a and_o admirable_a order_n of_o former_a kingdom_n and_o commonwealth_n though_o in_o our_o time_n it_o be_v discontinue_v and_o lose_v it_o be_v the_o custom_n upon_o every_o occasion_n to_o build_v new_a town_n and_o city_n and_o indeed_o nothing_o be_v more_o worthy_a and_o become_v a_o excellent_a prince_n a_o well-disposed_a commonwealth_n nor_o more_o for_o the_o interest_n and_o advantage_n of_o a_o province_n than_o to_o erect_v new_a town_n where_o man_n may_v cohabit_v with_o more_o convenience_n colonies_n both_o for_o agriculture_n and_o defence_n for_o beside_o the_o beauty_n and_o ornament_n which_o follow_v upon_o that_o custom_n it_o render_v such_o province_n as_o be_v conquer_a more_o dutiful_a and_o secure_a to_o the_o conqueror_n plant_v the_o void_a place_n and_o make_v a_o commodious_a distribution_n of_o the_o people_n upon_o which_o live_v regular_o and_o in_o order_n they_o do_v not_o only_o multiply_v fast_a but_o be_v more_o ready_a to_o invade_v and_o more_o able_a for_o defence_n but_o by_o the_o negligence_n and_o omission_n of_o commonwealth_n and_o principalite_n this_o method_n be_v at_o present_a disuse_v the_o province_n be_v become_v weak_a and_o some_o of_o they_o ruin_v for_o as_o i_o say_v before_o it_o be_v this_o order_n alone_o that_o secure_v a_o country_n and_o supply_v it_o with_o people_n the_o security_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o in_o a_o new_a conquer_a country_n a_o colony_n place_v by_o authority_n be_v a_o fortress_n and_o guard_n to_o keep_v the_o native_n in_o obedience_n neither_o without_o this_o can_v a_o province_n continue_v inhabit_v or_o preserve_v a_o just_a distribution_n of_o the_o people_n because_o all_o place_n be_v not_o equal_o fertile_a or_o healthful_a where_o it_o be_v barren_a they_o desert_n where_o unwholesome_a they_o die_v and_o unless_o there_o be_v some_o way_n to_o invite_v or_o dispose_v new_a man_n to_o the_o one_o as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o that_o province_n must_v fail_v the_o abandon_v some_o place_n leave_v they_o desolate_a and_o weak_a and_o the_o throng_a to_o other_o make_v they_o indigent_a and_o poor_a and_o forasmuch_o as_o these_o inconvenience_n be_v not_o to_o be_v remedy_v by_o nature_n art_n and_o industry_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v and_o we_o see_v many_o country_n which_o be_v natural_o unhealthful_a much_o better_v by_o the_o multitude_n of_o inhabitant_n the_o earth_n be_v purify_v by_o their_o tillage_n and_o the_o air_n by_o their_o fire_n which_o nature_n alone_o will_v never_o have_v
power_n in_o their_o hand_n take_v authority_n upon_o themselves_o to_o make_v a_o council_n of_o the_o signori_fw-it which_o shall_v sit_v forty_o month_n for_o the_o future_a occasional_a their_o name_n be_v to_o be_v put_v into_o a_o purse_n and_o draw_v out_o every_o two_o month_n but_o for_o as_o much_o as_o many_o of_o the_o citizen_n be_v jealous_a their_o name_n be_v not_o in_o the_o purse_n there_o be_v a_o new_a imborsation_n before_o the_o forty_o month_n begin_v hence_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o purse_n have_v its_o original_a and_o be_v use_v in_o the_o creation_n of_o their_o magistrate_n both_o at_o home_n and_o abroad_o whereas_o former_o they_o be_v choose_v by_o a_o council_n of_o the_o successor_n as_o the_o term_n of_o the_o office_n begin_v to_o expire_v at_o first_o this_o way_n of_o election_n be_v call_v imborsationi_fw-la and_o afterward_o squittini_n and_o because_o every_o three_o or_o at_o most_o five_o year_n this_o custom_n be_v to_o be_v use_v imborsation_n it_o be_v think_v they_o have_v prevent_v great_a mischief_n to_o the_o city_n occasion_v by_o multitude_n of_o competitor_n and_o tumult_n at_o every_o election_n of_o magistrate_n which_o tumult_n be_v to_o be_v correct_v no_o way_n in_o their_o judgement_n so_o ready_o they_o pitch_v upon_o this_o not_o discern_v the_o evil_n which_o they_o conceal_v under_o so_o small_a a_o convenience_n it_o be_v now_o in_o the_o year_n 1325._o when_o castruccio_n have_v seize_v on_o pistoia_n be_v grow_v so_o considerable_a that_o the_o florentine_n jealous_a of_o his_o greatness_n resolve_v before_o he_o have_v settle_v his_o new_a conquest_n to_o fall_v upon_o he_o and_o recover_v it_o if_o possible_a out_o of_o his_o hand_n whereupon_o of_o citizen_n and_o their_o friend_n they_o assemble_v 20000_o foot_n and_o 3000_o horse_n and_o encamp_v before_o alto_n pascio_n by_o take_v it_o to_o render_v the_o relief_n of_o pistoia_n the_o more_o difficult_a the_o florentine_n take_v that_o pass_n and_o when_o they_o have_v do_v they_o march_v towards_o lucca_n forage_v and_o waste_v the_o country_n but_o by_o the_o imprudence_n and_o treachery_n of_o their_o commander_n little_a progress_n be_v make_v this_o person_n call_v ramondo_n da_fw-mi cardona_n observe_v the_o florentine_n to_o have_v be_v very_o liberal_a of_o their_o liberty_n and_o to_o have_v confer_v the_o government_n sometime_o upon_o king_n sometime_o upon_o legate_n and_o sometime_o upon_o more_o inferior_a person_n he_o think_v with_o himself_o that_o if_o he_o can_v bring_v they_o into_o any_o exigence_n or_o distress_n it_o may_v easy_o fall_v out_o that_o they_o will_v make_v he_o their_o prince_n to_o this_o purpose_n he_o frequent_o desire_v and_o press_v to_o have_v the_o same_o authority_n invest_v in_o he_o in_o the_o city_n as_o he_o have_v in_o the_o army_n otherwise_o he_o can_v not_o require_v nor_o expect_v that_o obedience_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o a_o general_n the_o florentines_n not_o hear_v on_o that_o ear_n their_o captain_n proceed_v but_o slow_o florentine_n neglect_v his_o time_n as_o much_o as_o castruccio_n improve_v it_o for_o castruccio_n have_v procure_v supply_n from_o the_o visconti_n and_o other_o prince_n of_o lombardy_n and_o make_v himself_o strong_a ramondo_n who_o before_o lose_v his_o opportunity_n of_o conquer_a for_o want_n of_o fidelity_n now_o lose_v the_o possibility_n of_o preserve_v himself_o for_o want_v of_o discretion_n for_o march_v up_o and_o down_o lazy_o with_o his_o army_n he_o be_v overtake_v by_o castruccio_n near_o alto_n pascio_n assault_v and_o after_o a_o long_a fight_n break_v to_o piece_n in_o which_o action_n many_o florentine_n be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o kill_v and_o their_o general_n among_o the_o rest_n who_o receive_v the_o reward_n of_o his_o infidelity_n and_o ill_a counsel_n from_o fortune_n herself_o which_o have_v be_v more_o proper_o bestow_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o florentine_n the_o calamity_n which_o castruccio_n introduce_v upon_o the_o florentine_n after_o his_o victory_n the_o depradation_n imprisonment_n ruin_n and_o burn_n be_v not_o to_o be_v express_v have_v no_o body_n to_o oppose_v he_o for_o several_a month_n together_o he_o go_v where_o and_o do_v what_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o and_o the_o florentine_n think_v themselves_o happy_a after_o such_o a_o defeat_n if_o they_o can_v save_v the_o city_n nevertheless_o they_o be_v not_o so_o desperate_o low_a but_o they_o make_v great_a provision_n of_o money_n raise_v what_o soldier_n be_v possible_a and_o send_v to_o their_o friend_n for_o assistance_n but_o no_o providence_n be_v sufficient_a against_o such_o a_o enemy_n they_o be_v force_v therefore_o to_o make_v choice_n of_o carlo_n duke_n of_o calabria_n the_o son_n of_o king_n robert_n to_o be_v their_o sovereign_n if_o it_o will_v please_v he_o to_o undertake_v their_o defence_n for_o that_o family_n have_v be_v use_v to_o the_o supremacy_n of_o that_o city_n they_o promise_v he_o rather_o their_o obedience_n than_o friendship_n but_o carlo_n be_v personal_o employ_v in_o the_o war_n of_o sicily_n he_o send_v gualtieri_n a_o french_a man_n and_o duke_n of_o athens_n florence_n to_o take_v possession_n in_o his_o behalf_n he_o as_o his_o master_n lieutenant_n take_v possession_n of_o the_o government_n and_o create_v magistrate_n as_o he_o please_v notwithstanding_o his_o behaviour_n be_v so_o modest_a and_o in_o a_o manner_n so_o contrary_a to_o his_o own_o nature_n every_o one_o love_v he_o have_v finish_v his_o war_n in_o sicily_n charles_n come_v with_o a_o thousand_o horse_n to_o florence_n and_o make_v his_o entry_n in_o july_n 1326._o his_o arrival_n give_v some_o impediment_n to_o castruccio_n &_o keep_v he_o from_o rummage_v up_o and_o down_o the_o country_n with_o that_o freedom_n and_o security_n which_o he_o have_v former_o do_v but_o what_o the_o city_n gain_v abroad_o it_o lose_v at_o home_n and_o when_o their_o enemy_n be_v restrain_v they_o become_v expose_v to_o the_o insolence_n and_o oppression_n of_o their_o friend_n for_o the_o signori_fw-it act_v nothing_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o duke_n in_o a_o year_n time_n he_o drain_v the_o city_n of_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o florin_n though_o in_o the_o article_n of_o agreement_n it_o be_v express_o provide_v he_o shall_v not_o exceed_v 200000._o so_o great_a be_v the_o imposition_n which_o he_o or_o his_o father_n lay_v upon_o the_o town_n and_o yet_o as_o if_o these_o be_v too_o few_o their_o misery_n be_v increase_v by_o a_o accumulation_n of_o new_a jealousy_n and_o new_a enemy_n for_o the_o ghibilines_n of_o lombardy_n be_v so_o fearful_a of_o carlos_n advance_v into_o tuscany_n that_o galiazzo_n visconti_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o lombardy_n with_o money_n and_o fair_o promise_v persuade_v lewis_n of_o bavaria_n italy_n who_o have_v be_v elect_v emperor_n against_o the_o pope_n will_n to_o pass_v into_o italy_n with_o a_o army_n be_v arrive_v in_o lombardy_n he_o pass_v forward_o into_o tuscany_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o pisa_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o castruccio_n and_o have_v receive_v a_o considerable_a supply_n of_o money_n there_o he_o march_v on_o towards_o rome_n whereupon_o charles_n be_v fearful_a of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o leave_v philippo_n da_fw-la saginitto_fw-la his_o lieutenant_n in_o florence_n go_v home_o with_o the_o force_n he_o bring_v with_o he_o upon_o his_o departure_n castruccio_n seize_v upon_o pisa_n and_o the_o florentine_n get_v pistoia_n by_o stratagem_n castruccio_n march_v immediate_o to_o recover_v it_o sit_v down_o before_o it_o and_o manage_v his_o business_n with_o so_o much_o conduct_n and_o resolution_n that_o though_o the_o florentine_n make_v many_o attempt_n to_o relieve_v it_o both_o by_o insult_v upon_o his_o army_n and_o incursion_n into_o his_o country_n their_z attack_n and_o their_o diligence_n be_v all_o ineffectual_a they_o can_v not_o possible_o remove_v he_o for_o so_o firm_o be_v he_o resolve_v to_o chastise_v the_o pistoians_n and_o weaken_v the_o florentine_n that_o the_o pistoians_n be_v constrain_v to_o surrender_v and_o receive_v he_o once_o more_o for_o their_o lord_n by_o which_o action_n as_o he_o contract_v much_o honour_n and_o renown_n calabria_n so_o he_o thereby_o contract_v so_o much_o sickness_n and_o infirmity_n that_o he_o die_v short_o after_o upon_o his_o return_n to_o lucca_n and_o because_o one_o ill_a or_o good_a accident_n go_v seldom_o alone_o charles_n duke_n of_o calabria_n and_o lord_n of_o florence_n die_v at_o naples_n much_o about_o the_o same_o time_n so_o that_o in_o a_o very_a small_a space_n the_o florentine_n be_v free_v from_o the_o oppression_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o apprehension_n of_o the_o other_o they_o be_v no_o soon_o free_a but_o they_o fall_v to_o reform_v reformation_n null_v all_o the_o law_n and_o ordinance_n of_o the_o ancient_a council_n and_o create_v two_o new_a
man_n power_n but_o alas_o no_o body_n can_v end_v one_o this_o war_n be_v commence_v by_o the_o ambition_n of_o the_o legate_n but_o prosecute_v by_o the_o indignation_n of_o the_o florentine_n who_o enter_v into_o a_o immediate_a league_n with_o monsieur_n barnabo_n and_o all_o the_o city_n which_o be_v at_o enmity_n with_o the_o church_n to_o manage_v it_o they_o create_v eight_o citizen_n who_o they_o invest_v with_o absolute_a authority_n of_o proceed_v without_o appeal_n war._n and_o disburse_v without_o account_n this_o war_n against_o the_o pope_n though_o uguccione_n be_v dead_a revive_v those_o who_o have_v follow_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o ricci_n who_o in_o opposition_n to_o the_o albizi_n have_v favour_v barnabo_n and_o appear_v against_o the_o church_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o the_o eight_o be_v all_o enemy_n to_o the_o guelf_n whereupon_o piero_n de_fw-fr gli_fw-la albizi_n lapo_n da_fw-mi castiglionochio_n carlo_n strozzi_n and_o other_o unite_z to_o defend_v themselves_o against_o their_o adversary_n and_o while_o the_o eight_o great_a citizen_n be_v employ_v in_o the_o management_n of_o the_o war_n and_o they_o in_o their_o admonition_n the_o war_n continue_v three_o year_n till_o the_o death_n of_o that_o pope_n however_o it_o be_v carry_v on_o with_o so_o universal_a satisfaction_n that_o the_o eight_o be_v continue_v yearly_o in_o their_o office_n and_o get_v the_o title_n of_o santi_n notwithstanding_o they_o have_v sequester_v the_o riches_n of_o the_o church_n force_v the_o clergy_n to_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o function_n and_o despise_v the_o censure_n of_o the_o pope_n so_o much_o do_v the_o citizen_n at_o that_o time_n prefer_v the_o advantage_n of_o their_o country_n before_o the_o quiet_a of_o their_o conscience_n and_o so_o earnest_a be_v they_o to_o make_v it_o appear_v to_o the_o church_n that_o as_o when_o they_o be_v friend_n they_o have_v power_n to_o defend_v it_o so_o now_o be_v enemy_n they_o be_v as_o able_a to_o distress_v it_o have_v put_v all_o romagna_n la_fw-fr marca_n and_o perugia_n into_o rebellion_n but_o though_o they_o be_v able_a to_o maintain_v war_n at_o this_o rate_n against_o the_o pope_n they_o can_v not_o so_o well_o defend_v themselves_o against_o their_o captain_n and_o faction_n the_o indignation_n and_o hatred_n the_o guelf_n have_v conceive_v against_o the_o eight_o augment_v their_o insolence_n and_o they_o affront_v they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o citizen_n nor_o be_v the_o arrogance_n of_o the_o captain_n inferior_a to_o the_o insolence_n of_o the_o guelf_n they_o have_v make_v themselves_o more_o formidable_a than_o the_o signori_fw-it and_o man_n go_v with_o more_o awe_n and_o reverence_n to_o their_o house_n than_o to_o the_o senator_n palace_n insomuch_o that_o not_o a_o ambassador_n be_v send_v to_o florence_n but_o he_o receive_v audience_n from_o and_o have_v particular_a commission_n to_o the_o captain_n pope_n gregory_n be_v dead_a this_o city_n have_v no_o more_o war_n abroad_o yet_o at_o home_n it_o be_v in_o great_a confusion_n the_o imperiousness_n of_o the_o guelf_n be_v grow_v insupportable_a and_o no_o way_n visible_a to_o suppress_v they_o it_o be_v judge_v therefore_o necessary_a to_o take_v arm_n and_o commit_v the_o superiority_n to_o the_o decision_n of_o fortune_n on_o the_o guelfs_n side_n there_o be_v all_o the_o ancient_a nobility_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o more_o powerful_a citizen_n of_o who_o as_o we_o have_v say_v lapo_n piero_n and_o carlo_n be_v the_o chief_a on_o the_o other_o side_n be_v all_o the_o inferior_a sort_n of_o the_o people_n head_v by_o the_o eight_o and_o assist_v by_o georgio_n scali_n tomaso_n strozzi_n the_o ricci_n the_o alberti_n and_o the_o medici_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o multitude_n as_o it_o happen_v always_o in_o such_o case_n join_v with_o the_o discontent_n the_o power_n of_o their_o adversary_n seem_v very_o considerable_a to_o the_o guelf_n and_o their_o danger_n great_a if_o any_o senate_n shall_v prove_v their_o enemy_n and_o go_v about_o to_o destroy_v they_o desirous_a to_o prevent_v it_o they_o assemble_v together_o where_o examine_v the_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o city_n they_o find_v the_o person_n which_o have_v be_v admonish_v be_v so_o numerous_a that_o they_o have_v thereby_o disoblige_v most_o of_o their_o citizen_n and_o make_v they_o their_o enemy_n they_o can_v propose_v no_o other_o remedy_n but_o as_o they_o have_v degrade_v they_o of_o their_o honour_n so_o to_o banish_v they_o the_o city_n seize_v upon_o the_o senator_n palace_n by_o force_n and_o constrain_v the_o whole_a town_n to_o come_v over_o to_o their_o side_n according_a to_o the_o example_n of_o the_o guelf_n their_o predecessor_n who_o quiet_a and_o security_n be_v to_o be_v attribute_v whole_o to_o their_o banish_v their_o adversary_n as_o to_o the_o design_n all_o of_o they_o agree_v but_o they_o differ_v about_o the_o time_n it_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1377_o in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n 1377._o when_o lapo_n conceive_v it_o unsafe_a to_o defer_v acquaint_v they_o that_o delay_n be_v dangerous_a especial_o to_o they_o consider_v that_o in_o the_o next_o senate_n salvestro_n de_fw-fr medici_n may_v be_v choose_v gonfaloniere_n guelf_n who_o be_v a_o know_a enemy_n to_o their_o sect_n piero_n de_fw-fr gli_fw-la albizi_n be_v of_o another_o sentiment_n and_o think_v it_o best_a to_o protract_v in_o respect_n that_o more_o force_n will_v be_v necessary_a which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v get_v together_o private_o and_o to_o raise_v they_o public_o be_v to_o run_v themselves_o into_o palpable_a danger_n his_o judgement_n therefore_o be_v that_o they_o shall_v have_v patience_n till_o s._n john_n day_n which_o be_v at_o hand_n at_o which_o time_n in_o regard_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a festival_n and_o great_a resort_n will_v come_v to_o the_o city_n of_o course_n they_o may_v convey_v in_o what_o number_n they_o please_v without_o danger_n of_o discovery_n and_o to_o obviate_v their_o apprehension_n of_o salvestro_n he_o propose_v to_o have_v he_o admonish_v and_o if_o that_o will_v not_o do_v to_o put_v the_o change_n upon_o he_o by_o some_o fraud_n or_o artifice_n in_o the_o imborsation_n and_o foist_v in_o some_o other_o of_o the_o college_n of_o his_o quarter_n to_o defeat_v he_o secure_o of_o that_o office_n this_o last_o opinion_n be_v approve_v it_o be_v resolve_v to_o put_v off_o though_o lapo_n consent_v unwilling_o urge_v that_o delay_n be_v uncertain_a that_o no_o time_n can_v in_o all_o circumstance_n be_v convenient_a and_o that_o he_o who_o expect_v a_o perfect_a opportunity_n seldom_o attempt_v any_o thing_n and_o when_o he_o do_v it_o turn_v common_o to_o his_o own_o disadvantage_n however_o they_o proceed_v to_o admonish_v he_o but_o can_v not_o hinder_v salvestro_n and_o for_o the_o change_n the_o eight_o have_v get_v a_o inkling_n of_o that_o and_o take_v care_n to_o prevent_v it_o defeat_v so_o that_o salvestro_n be_v draw_v for_o gonfaloniere_n by_o alamanno_n de_fw-fr medici_n be_v of_o a_o noble_a popular_a family_n he_o can_v not_o endure_v that_o the_o people_n shall_v be_v oppress_v by_o the_o power_n of_o a_o few_o great_a person_n resolve_v therefore_o with_o himself_o to_o put_v a_o period_n to_o their_o insolence_n see_v he_o be_v favour_v by_o the_o people_n and_o back_v by_o several_a of_o the_o principal_a citizen_n he_o communicate_v his_o design_n with_o benedetto_n alberto_n tomaso_n strozzi_n and_o georgio_n scali_n all_o of_o they_o concur_v in_o the_o plot_n and_o engage_v their_o assistance_n upon_o this_o they_o form_v a_o law_n private_o whereby_o the_o ordini_fw-la dâ—lla_fw-la giustitia_fw-la against_o the_o grandee_n be_v revive_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o capitani_n di_fw-mi part_n retrench_v and_o the_o ammoniti_fw-la readmit_v to_o the_o magistracy_n and_o because_o it_o be_v best_a to_o propose_v and_o enact_v it_o at_o one_o time_n if_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o it_o be_v first_o to_o be_v present_v to_o the_o college_n and_o afterward_o debate_v in_o the_o council_n salvestro_n be_v in_o his_o office_n which_o for_o the_o time_n be_v as_o it_o be_v prince_n of_o the_o city_n he_o cause_v a_o college_n and_o council_n to_o be_v call_v both_o together_o in_o one_o morning_n and_o come_v in_o person_n to_o the_o college_n which_o be_v none_o of_o his_o friend_n he_o propose_v the_o law_n to_o they_o which_o he_o have_v prepare_v but_o it_o be_v reject_v as_o a_o innovation_n and_o he_o can_v not_o prevail_v to_o have_v it_o pass_v salvestro_n see_v himself_o defeat_v in_o his_o first_o practice_n to_o obtain_v it_o pretend_v some_o necessity_n to_o go_v forth_o and_o without_o be_v perceive_v slip_v away_o to_o the_o council_n where_o have_v place_v himself_o so_o as_o he_o may_v be_v hear_v and_o see_v by_o the_o whole_a assembly_n he_o
in_o those_o time_n have_v serve_v former_o under_o the_o duke_n but_o then_o he_o be_v revolt_v from_o he_o and_o come_v over_o to_o the_o venetian_a the_o venetian_a be_v uncertain_a what_o to_o determine_v not_o dare_v to_o be_v too_o confident_a of_o carmignuola_n because_o not_o sure_a whether_o his_o animosity_n to_o the_o duke_n be_v real_a or_o pretend_a whilst_o they_o remain_v in_o this_o suspense_n the_o duke_n find_v a_o way_n by_o corrupt_v one_o of_o his_o servant_n to_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v poison_v but_o the_o poison_n be_v too_o weak_a do_v not_o kill_v he_o outright_o but_o bring_v he_o to_o great_a extremity_n the_o venetian_n have_v notice_n of_o this_o lay_v their_o suspicion_n aside_o and_o the_o florentine_n continue_v their_o solicitation_n they_o enter_v into_o league_n with_o they_o by_o which_o it_o be_v agree_v the_o war_n shall_v be_v prosecute_v by_o both_o party_n at_o the_o common_a expense_n that_o what_o ever_o shall_v be_v take_v in_o lombardy_n shall_v be_v deliver_v to_o the_o venetian_n and_o what_o ever_o in_o romagna_n and_o tuscany_n league_n shall_v be_v put_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o florentine_n and_o carmignuola_n be_v make_v general_n of_o the_o league_n by_o mean_n of_o this_o alliance_n the_o war_n be_v transfer_v into_o lombardy_n where_o it_o be_v manage_v by_o carmignuola_n with_o that_o discretion_n and_o courage_n that_o in_o a_o few_o month_n time_n he_o take_v several_a town_n from_o the_o duke_n and_o brescia_n among_o the_o rest_n which_o last_o in_o those_o time_n and_o according_a to_o the_o method_n of_o those_o war_n be_v account_v a_o miracle_n this_o war_n continue_v five_o year_n and_o the_o citizen_n of_o florence_n be_v much_o impoverish_v by_o the_o tax_n which_o have_v be_v continue_v as_o long_o hereupon_o a_o regulation_n be_v agree_v upon_o and_o that_o all_o people_n may_v be_v charge_v according_a to_o their_o estate_n it_o be_v propose_v the_o personal_a estate_n shall_v be_v chargeable_a as_o well_o as_o the_o real_a and_o that_o who_o ever_o have_v to_o the_o value_n of_o a_o hundred_o florin_n in_o good_n shall_v pay_v half_o a_o proportion_n but_o there_o be_v law_n and_o authority_n to_o levy_v this_o tax_n but_o not_o man_n enough_o to_o compel_v they_o the_o grandee_n be_v disgu_v and_o oppose_v it_o before_o it_o be_v perfect_o conclude_v only_o giovanni_n de_fw-fr medici_n promote_v it_o so_o vigorous_o that_o he_o carry_v it_o against_o they_o all_o and_o because_o in_o the_o book_n of_o assessment_n every_o man_n good_n be_v rate_v which_o the_o florentine_n call_v accatastare_v this_o imposition_n be_v call_v catasto_n catasto_n moreover_o this_o law_n restrain_v the_o tyranny_n of_o the_o noble_n not_o permit_v they_o to_o strike_v or_o terrify_v such_o as_o be_v inferior_a to_o they_o in_o the_o counsel_n as_o former_o they_o have_v presume_v this_o tax_n therefore_o though_o accept_v cheerful_o enough_o by_o the_o commons_o go_v much_o against_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o nobility_n but_o it_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n never_o to_o be_v satisfy_v and_o as_o soon_o as_o possess_v of_o what_o with_o great_a vehemence_n he_o desire_v to_o wish_v as_o fierce_o for_o another_o the_o people_n not_o content_a with_o the_o proportion_n set_v they_o by_o the_o law_n demand_v a_o retrospection_n and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v consider_v how_o much_o the_o nobility_n have_v pay_v less_o in_o time_n past_a than_o be_v now_o allot_v they_o by_o the_o catasto_n and_o that_o they_o may_v be_v force_v to_o pay_v it_o for_o the_o reinbursement_n of_o such_o as_o have_v sell_v their_o estate_n to_o enable_v they_o to_o pay_v their_o tax_n before_o this_o proportion_n affright_v the_o grandee_n much_o more_o than_o the_o catasto_n so_o that_o to_o defend_v themselves_o against_o both_o they_o decry_v the_o catasto_n as_o unjust_a and_o unequal_a in_o lay_v a_o duty_n upon_o good_n and_o householdstuff_n which_o be_v here_o to_o day_n and_o lose_v to_o morrow_n and_o exempt_n money_n which_o many_o people_n keep_v private_o in_o their_o hand_n so_o as_o the_o catasto_n can_v not_o discover_v it_o to_o which_o they_o add_v that_o it_o be_v not_o but_o reasonable_a those_o person_n who_o relinquish_v or_o neglect_v their_o own_o private_a affair_n for_o the_o better_a management_n of_o the_o public_a shall_v be_v favour_v in_o the_o tax_n for_o devote_v their_o whole_a labour_n to_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o state_n there_o be_v no_o justice_n nor_o equity_n in_o the_o world_n that_o the_o city_n shall_v have_v the_o profit_n of_o their_o industry_n and_o estate_n and_o from_o other_o receive_v only_o the_o contribution_n of_o their_o estate_n those_o who_o be_v for_o the_o catasto_n reply_v that_o as_o their_o good_n vary_v the_o tax_n may_v be_v vary_v too_o and_o to_o any_o inconvenience_n from_o that_o a_o remedy_n may_v be_v find_v as_o to_o the_o money_n conceal_v that_o be_v not_o to_o be_v consider_v for_o make_v no_o profit_n of_o it_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n it_o shall_v be_v pay_v for_o and_o when_o ever_o they_o employ_v it_o it_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o be_v discover_v for_o the_o pain_n they_o take_v and_o their_o solicitude_n for_o their_o country_n if_o it_o be_v troublesome_a to_o they_o they_o may_v have_v liberty_n to_o retire_v for_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o some_o well_o affect_a citizen_n will_v be_v find_v who_o will_v not_o repine_v to_o serve_v the_o city_n both_o with_o their_o counsel_n and_o estate_n and_o that_o there_o be_v so_o many_o honour_n and_o other_o perquisit_n attend_v those_o great_a office_n as_o may_v suffice_v any_o reasonable_a person_n without_o abatement_n of_o their_o tax_n but_o their_o great_a discontent_n be_v from_o another_o cause_n the_o nobility_n be_v offend_v that_o they_o can_v not_o make_v war_n at_o other_o people_n charge_n as_o they_o be_v use_v to_o do_v former_o but_o be_v oblige_v to_o bear_v their_o share_n as_o well_o as_o their_o neighbour_n have_v this_o way_n be_v find_v out_o before_o there_o will_v have_v be_v no_o war_n with_o king_n ladisâ—ao_n then_o nor_o with_o duke_n philip_n now_o both_o which_o war_n be_v undertake_v to_o fill_v the_o coffer_n of_o some_o particular_a citizen_n more_o than_o for_o any_o general_a necessity_n but_o this_o commotion_n of_o humour_n be_v appease_v by_o giovanni_n de_fw-fr medici_n who_o convince_v the_o people_n it_o be_v not_o convenient_a to_o look_v backward_o that_o their_o business_n now_o be_v to_o provide_v careful_o for_o the_o future_a and_o if_o the_o former_a imposition_n have_v be_v unequal_a and_o injust_a they_o be_v to_o thank_v god_n a_o way_n be_v find_v to_o relieve_v they_o and_o not_o make_v that_o a_o mean_n to_o divide_v which_o be_v intend_v to_o unite_v the_o city_n as_o it_o will_v certain_o do_v if_o the_o old_a assessment_n and_o the_o new_a be_v adjust_v for_o it_o be_v better_a to_o be_v content_v with_o half_a a_o victory_n than_o to_o venture_v all_o for_o a_o absolute_a many_o instance_n make_v it_o out_o that_o where_o more_o have_v be_v strive_v for_o all_o have_v be_v lose_v with_o these_o and_o such_o like_a discourse_n he_o pacify_v the_o people_n and_o the_o design_n of_o retrospection_n be_v quiâ—e_o lay_v aside_o however_o the_o war_n with_o the_o duke_n be_v carry_v on_o for_o a_o while_n a_o peace_n at_o length_n be_v conclude_v at_o ferrara_n by_o the_o mediation_n of_o a_o legate_n from_o the_o pope_n but_o the_o duke_n not_o observe_v the_o condition_n at_o first_o the_o league_n take_v arm_n again_o and_o come_v to_o a_o engagement_n with_o his_o army_n at_o maclovio_n they_o defeat_v he_o quite_o and_o force_v the_o duke_n to_o new_a proposition_n duke_n which_o be_v accept_v by_o the_o league_n by_o the_o florentine_n because_o they_o be_v grow_v jealous_a of_o the_o venetian_a and_o sensible_a that_o the_o vast_a charge_n which_o their_o city_n be_v at_o be_v to_o make_v other_o more_o powerful_a than_o themselves_o by_o the_o venetian_n because_o they_o observe_v carmignuola_n after_o the_o duke_n be_v overthrow_v to_o advance_v but_o slow_o and_o make_v little_a or_o no_o advantage_n of_o his_o victory_n so_o as_o they_o can_v not_o place_v any_o further_a confidence_n in_o he_o in_o this_o manner_n the_o peace_n be_v conclude_v in_o the_o year_n 1428_o 1428._o by_o which_o the_o florentine_n be_v restore_v to_o what_o they_o have_v lose_v in_o romagna_n the_o venetian_n have_v brescia_n and_o the_o duke_n give_v they_o bergamo_n and_o the_o territory_n belong_v to_o it_o over_z and_o above_o this_o war_n cost_v the_o florentine_n 3_o million_o and_o five_o thousand_o ducat_n the_o success_n of_o which_o be_v grandeur_n and_o authority_n to_o the_o venetian_a but_o poverty_n and_o dissension_n to_o themselves_o peace_n be_v
more_o modern_a transaction_n will_v tell_v we_o what_o to_o avoid_v italy_n by_o those_o who_o command_v it_o be_v reduce_v into_o such_o a_o condition_n that_o when_o by_o agreement_n of_o the_o prince_n a_o peace_n be_v make_v up_o it_o be_v present_o interrupt_v by_o those_o who_o have_v arm_n in_o their_o hand_n so_o that_o they_o neither_o gain_v honour_n by_o their_o war_n nor_o quiet_a by_o their_o peace_n a_o peace_n be_v conclude_v betwixt_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n and_o the_o league_n in_o the_o year_n 1433_o the_o soldier_n unwilling_a to_o disband_v turn_v the_o war_n upon_o the_o church_n these_o soldier_n be_v at_o that_o time_n of_o two_o faction_n party_n the_o braccescan_n and_o the_o sforzescan_n faction_n of_o this_o latter_a conte_n francisco_n the_o son_n of_o sforza_n be_v captain_n the_o first_o be_v command_v by_o nicolo_n piccinino_n and_o nicolo_n forte_n braccio_n to_o these_o two_o party_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o soldier_n in_o italy_n join_v themselves_o of_o the_o two_o sforza_n party_n be_v most_o considerable_a as_o well_o for_o the_o courage_n of_o their_o conte_n sforza_n as_o for_o a_o promise_n the_o duke_n of_o milan_n have_v make_v he_o to_o give_v he_o in_o marriage_n a_o natural_a daughter_n of_o his_o call_a madonna_n bianca_n the_o probability_n of_o which_o alliance_n gain_v he_o great_a reputation_n after_o the_o peace_n of_o lombardy_n be_v conclude_v both_o these_o party_n upon_o several_a pretend_a occasion_n turn_v their_o arm_n against_o eugenius_n the_o pope_n nicolo_n forte_n braccio_n be_v move_v by_o a_o old_a animosity_n braccio_n have_v always_o retain_v to_o the_o church_n the_o conte_n be_v spur_v on_o by_o his_o ambition_n nicolo_n assault_v rome_n and_o the_o conte_n possess_v himself_o of_o la_n marca_n whereupon_o the_o roman_n to_o evade_v the_o war_n turn_v eugenius_n out_o of_o rome_n sforza_n who_o flee_v to_o florence_n though_o with_o no_o little_a danger_n and_o difficulty_n be_v arrive_v there_o upon_o consideration_n of_o the_o danger_n he_o be_v in_o and_o that_o he_o be_v desert_v by_o all_o the_o prince_n who_o refuse_v upon_o his_o score_n to_o take_v up_o those_o arm_n again_o which_o so_o late_o and_o so_o willing_o they_o lay_v down_o make_v his_o peace_n with_o the_o conte_n and_o give_v he_o the_o signory_n of_o la_fw-fr marca_n though_o the_o conte_n have_v add_v insolence_n to_o his_o usurpation_n and_o in_o his_o letter_n to_o his_o agent_n date_v they_o in_o latin_a as_o they_o do_v frequent_o in_o italy_n exit_fw-la girifalco_n nostro_fw-la firmiano_n invito_fw-la petro_n &_o paulo_n but_o not_o content_v with_o the_o grant_n of_o that_o country_n he_o will_v needs_o be_v create_v gonfaloniere_n of_o the_o church_n and_o the_o pope_n condescend_v so_o much_o â—id_v his_o holiness_n perfer_fw-la a_o ignominious_a peace_n before_o dangerous_a war._n the_o conte_n upon_o these_o term_n become_v a_o friend_n to_o the_o pope_n and_o convert_v his_o arm_n against_o nicolo_n forte_n braccio_n betwixt_o who_o for_o many_o month_n together_o several_a accident_n happen_v in_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o church_n so_o that_o which_o side_n soever_o prevail_v the_o pope_n and_o his_o subject_n suffer_v more_o than_o those_o that_o manage_v the_o war._n at_o length_n by_o the_o mediation_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n a_o agreement_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o truce_n be_v conclude_v betwixt_o they_o by_o which_o both_o of_o they_o remain_v master_n of_o several_a town_n in_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o church_n the_o war_n be_v in_o this_o manner_n extinguish_v in_o rome_n but_o it_o break_v out_o again_o present_o in_o romagna_n romagna_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o battista_n da_fw-mi canneto_n who_o have_v cause_v certain_a of_o the_o family_n of_o the_o grifoni_n in_o bologna_n to_o be_v assassinate_v and_o drive_v out_o the_o pope_n governor_n and_o many_o other_o which_o he_o suspect_v to_o be_v his_o enemy_n to_o keep_v by_o force_n what_o he_o have_v get_v by_o surprise_n he_o address_v himself_o to_o philippo_n for_o aid_n and_o the_o pope_n to_o countermine_v he_o and_o revenge_v the_o injury_n he_o have_v receive_v apply_v to_o the_o venetian_a and_o florentine_a both_o party_n be_v supply_v there_o be_v two_o great_a army_n in_o romagna_n of_o a_o sudden_a philp_n auxiliary_n be_v command_v by_o nicolo_n piccinino_n the_o venetian_a and_o florentine_a by_o gattamelata_n and_o nicolo_n da_fw-mi tolentino_n not_o far_o from_o imola_n they_o come_v to_o a_o battle_n in_o which_o the_o venetian_n and_o florentine_n be_v defeat_v and_o nicolo_n da_fw-mi tolentino_n send_v prisoner_n to_o the_o duke_n where_o he_o die_v in_o a_o few_o day_n either_o by_o poison_n or_o grief_n the_o duke_n be_v either_o impoverish_v by_o the_o war_n or_o apprehend_v this_o victory_n will_v quiet_v the_o league_n follow_v not_o his_o advantage_n but_o give_v the_o pope_n and_o his_o confederate_n opportunity_n to_o recruit_v who_o choose_v the_o conte_n francisco_n for_o their_o general_n league_n they_o send_v he_o to_o drive_v fort_n braccio_n out_o of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o church_n and_o to_o try_v if_o they_o can_v put_v a_o end_n to_o that_o war_n which_o they_o have_v begin_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o pope_n the_o roman_n see_v his_o holiness_n in_o the_o field_n again_o and_o his_o army_n considerable_a they_o desire_v to_o be_v reconcile_v and_o have_v conclude_v the_o term_n they_o receive_v a_o governor_n from_o he_o among_o other_o town_n nicolo_n forte_n braccio_n have_v possess_v himself_o of_o fiboli_n montefiasconi_n the_o city_n of_o castello_n and_o ascesi_n not_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v the_o field_n nicolo_n be_v retreat_v into_o this_o latter_a town_n and_o besiege_v by_o the_o conte_n the_o siege_n prove_v long_o by_o the_o braveness_n of_o nicolo_n defence_n the_o duke_n begin_v to_o cast_v about_o and_o consider_v he_o must_v either_o hinder_v the_o league_n from_o carry_v the_o town_n or_o look_v to_o himself_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v take_v to_o give_v the_o conte_n therefore_o diversion_n he_o command_v nicolo_n piccinino_n by_o the_o way_n to_o romagna_n to_o pass_v into_o tuscany_n whereupon_o the_o league_n judge_v the_o defence_n of_o tuscany_n of_o more_o importance_n than_o the_o reduce_n of_o ascesi_n they_o send_v to_o the_o conte_n to_o stop_v piccinino_n passage_n who_o be_v at_o that_o time_n with_o his_o army_n at_o furli_fw-la upon_o these_o order_n the_o conte_n raise_v his_o siege_n and_o march_v with_o his_o force_n to_o cesena_n have_v leave_v the_o war_n of_o la_fw-fr marca_n and_o the_o care_n of_o his_o own_o affair_n to_o the_o management_n of_o his_o brother_n lione_n whilst_o piccinino_n be_v labour_v to_o pass_v and_o francisco_n to_o obstruct_v he_o nicolo_n forte_n braccio_n fall_v upon_o lione_n and_o with_o great_a honour_n to_o himself_o take_v he_o prisoner_n plunder_v his_o people_n and_o follow_v his_o blow_n take_v several_a town_n in_o la_fw-fr marca_n at_o the_o same_o excursion_n this_o news_n be_v very_o unwelcome_a to_o the_o conte_n who_o give_v all_o his_o own_o country_n for_o lose_a nevertheless_o leave_v part_n of_o his_o army_n to_o confront_v piccinino_n he_o march_v himself_o against_o fort_n braccio_n with_o the_o rest_n force_v he_o to_o a_o engagement_n and_o beat_v he_o in_o which_o defeat_n forte_n braccio_n be_v hurt_v take_v prisoner_n and_o die_v of_o his_o wound_n this_o victory_n recover_v all_o that_o nicolo_n forte_n braccio_n have_v take_v from_o he_o and_o force_v the_o duke_n of_o milan_n to_o desire_v a_o peace_n duke_n which_o he_o obtain_v by_o the_o mediation_n of_o nicolo_n da_fw-mi esti_n marqeuss_n of_o ferrara_n by_o which_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o town_n which_o the_o duke_n have_v get_v in_o romagna_n shall_v be_v restore_v and_o his_o force_n withdraw_v into_o lombardy_n and_o battista_n da_fw-it caneto_fw-it as_o it_o happen_v to_o those_o who_o owe_v their_o dominion_n to_o the_o courage_n or_o power_n of_o other_o people_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o duke_n force_n be_v draw_v off_o despair_v to_o remain_v in_o bologna_n upon_o his_o own_o leg_n quit_v the_o town_n and_o leave_v it_o to_o re-admit_a its_o old_a governor_n antonio_n bentivogli_n who_o be_v chief_a of_o the_o contrary_a party_n all_o these_o thing_n succeed_v during_o the_o banishment_n of_o cosimo_n upon_o who_o return_n those_o person_n who_o be_v active_a in_o his_o restauration_n and_o those_o who_o have_v suffer_v more_o than_o ordinary_o before_o conclude_v without_o regard_n to_o any_o body_n else_o to_o secure_v themselves_o of_o all_o the_o office_n in_o the_o state_n the_o senate_n which_o succeed_v for_o the_o month_n of_o november_n and_o december_n not_o satisfy_v with_o what_o their_o predecessor_n have_v do_v in_o favour_n of_o their_o party_n they_o lengthen_v the_o time_n change_v the_o place_n of_o several_a
grecian_n condescend_v and_o comply_v with_o the_o church_n and_o bishop_n of_o rome_n the_o peace_n betwixt_o the_o lucchesi_n and_o the_o florentine_n and_o betwixt_o the_o duke_n and_o the_o conte_n be_v conclude_v it_o be_v think_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o war_n of_o italy_n especial_o in_o lombardy_n in_o tuscany_n for_o the_o war_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n betwixt_o rinato_n di_fw-fr angio_n and_o alphonso_n d'_fw-fr aragona_n be_v hardly_o to_o be_v compose_v but_o by_o the_o ruin_n of_o one_o of_o they_o and_o though_o the_o pope_n be_v discontent_v for_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o many_o town_n and_o the_o ambition_n of_o the_o duke_n and_o venetian_n be_v sufficient_o know_v yet_o it_o be_v suppose_v necessity_n will_v force_v the_o one_o of_o lay_v down_o and_o weariness_n the_o other_o but_o they_o be_v out_o in_o their_o conjecture_n for_o neither_o duke_n nor_o venetian_n can_v be_v persuade_v to_o be_v quiet_a but_o on_o the_o contrary_n they_o take_v arm_n afresh_o and_o lombardy_n and_o tuscany_n be_v fill_v again_o with_o their_o hostility_n the_o ambitious_a and_o haughty_a mind_n of_o the_o duke_n can_v not_o brook_v that_o the_o venetian_n shall_v keep_v bergamo_n and_o brescia_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o he_o observe_v they_o always_o in_o arm_n perpetual_o make_v incursion_n all_o over_o his_o country_n in_o which_o he_o think_v he_o shall_v not_o only_o restrain_v they_o but_o recover_v all_o he_o have_v lose_v when_o ever_o the_o pope_n the_o florentine_n and_o the_o conte_n shall_v desert_v they_o he_o design_v therefore_o to_o take_v romagna_n from_o the_o pope_n suppose_v when_o he_o have_v gain_v that_o it_o will_v not_o be_v in_o his_o holiness_n power_n to_o offend_v he_o and_o the_o florentine_n see_v the_o fire_n at_o their_o own_o door_n will_v not_o stir_v for_o fear_n of_o themselves_o or_o if_o they_o do_v they_o can_v not_o assault_v he_o convenient_o the_o duke_n understand_v likewise_o how_o angry_a the_o florentine_n be_v with_o the_o venetian_n about_o the_o business_n of_o lucca_n and_o upon_o that_o score_n conclude_v they_o the_o less_o likely_a to_o take_v up_o arm_n for_o the_o venetian_n and_o as_o to_o conte_n francisco_n he_o do_v not_o doubt_v his_o new_a amity_n and_o the_o hope_n of_o his_o marriage_n will_v keep_v he_o quiet_a and_o safe_a to_o prevent_v scandal_n and_o give_v less_o occasion_n to_o any_o body_n to_o stir_v have_v oblige_v himself_o by_o his_o article_n with_o the_o conte_n not_o to_o meddle_v with_o romagna_n he_o cause_v nicolo_n piccinino_n to_o take_v the_o enterprise_n upon_o himself_o and_o fall_v upon_o it_o as_o of_o his_o own_o ambition_n and_o avarice_n nicolo_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o treaty_n betwixt_o the_o duke_n and_o the_o conte_n be_v in_o romagna_n and_o by_o the_o duke_n direction_n show_v himself_o much_o dissatisfy_v at_o his_o agreement_n with_o his_o implacable_a adversary_n the_o conte_n whereupon_o he_o retire_v with_o his_o army_n in_o great_a discontent_n as_o be_v pretend_v to_o camurata_n a_o town_n betwixt_o furli_fw-la and_o ravenna_n and_o fortify_v himself_o as_o if_o he_o design_v to_o make_v good_a that_o quarter_n till_o he_o can_v find_v some_o better_a entertainment_n and_o the_o report_n of_o his_o disgust_n be_v spread_v all_o over_o italy_n nicolo_n take_v order_n to_o have_v his_o service_n and_o the_o duke_n ingratitude_n remonstrate_v to_o the_o pope_n and_o that_o though_o by_o the_o interest_n of_o two_o of_o the_o principal_a general_n he_o have_v get_v all_o the_o force_n of_o italy_n under_o his_o command_n yet_o if_o his_o holiness_n will_v say_v the_o word_n he_o can_v contrive_v thing_n so_o that_o one_o of_o they_o shall_v become_v his_o enemy_n and_o the_o other_o unserviceable_a for_o if_o he_o will_v provide_v he_o with_o money_n and_o supply_v he_o with_o man_n he_o will_v fall_v upon_o the_o town_n which_o the_o conte_n have_v usurp_v from_o the_o church_n and_o by_o give_v the_o conte_n employment_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o his_o own_o country_n render_v he_o incapable_a of_o be_v subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o ambition_n of_o the_o duke_n the_o pope_n believe_v what_o he_o say_v to_o be_v rational_a and_o true_a send_v he_o 5000_o ducat_n beside_o large_a promise_n of_o provision_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o child_n and_o though_o many_o time_n he_o be_v admonish_v to_o have_v a_o care_n of_o be_v deceive_v yet_o he_o will_v never_o suspect_v nor_o admit_v one_o word_n to_o the_o contrary_n the_o city_n of_o ravenna_n be_v at_o that_o time_n command_v for_o the_o church_n by_o ostasio_n da_fw-mi polenta_fw-la piccininâ—_n nicolo_n conceive_v it_o no_o time_n to_o protract_v his_o son_n francisco_n have_v plunder_v and_o sack_v spoleto_n to_o the_o great_a satisfaction_n of_o the_o pope_n resolve_v to_o attack_v ravenna_n either_o think_v the_o enterprise_n easy_a in_o itself_o or_o else_o hold_v private_a intelligence_n with_o ostasio_n the_o governor_n which_o soever_o it_o be_v he_o have_v not_o invest_v it_o many_o day_n before_o it_o be_v surrender_v upon_o article_n and_o that_o be_v take_v bologna_n imola_n and_o furli_fw-la follow_v in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o that_o which_o be_v most_o strange_a be_v that_o of_o twenty_o strong_a hold_n which_o in_o those_o part_n be_v garrison_v by_o the_o pope_n there_o be_v not_o any_o one_o but_o submit_v to_o nicolo_n and_o not_o content_v with_o these_o affront_n to_o his_o holiness_n he_o add_v contumely_n to_o his_o injustice_n and_o write_v the_o pope_n word_n that_o he_o have_v use_v he_o according_a to_o his_o desert_n for_o have_v impudent_o endeavour_v to_o interrupt_v the_o old_a friendship_n betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o duke_n and_o fill_v all_o italy_n with_o letter_n that_o he_o abandon_v the_o duke_n and_o side_v with_o the_o venetian_a have_v possess_v himself_o of_o romagna_n he_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o government_n of_o his_o son_n francisco_n and_o pass_v himself_o with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o army_n into_o lombardy_n he_o join_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o duke_n force_n assault_v the_o country_n of_o brescia_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n bring_v it_o under_o subjection_n and_o when_o he_o have_v do_v so_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o city_n the_o duke_n desirous_a that_o the_o venetian_n may_v be_v expose_v excuse_v himself_o to_o the_o pope_n the_o florentine_n and_o the_o conte_n pretend_v that_o what_o be_v do_v by_o nicolo_n in_o romagna_n if_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o their_o capitulation_n be_v no_o less_o contrary_a to_o his_o inclination_n suggest_v private_o that_o when_o time_n and_o opportunity_n contribute_v he_o will_v make_v he_o sensible_a of_o his_o disobedience_n the_o florentine_n and_o the_o conte_n give_v no_o great_a credit_n to_o what_o he_o say_v believe_v as_o be_v true_a that_o it_o be_v nothing_o but_o artifice_n to_o keep_v they_o in_o suspense_n till_o he_o conquer_v the_o venetian_n who_o suppose_v themselves_o able_a alone_o to_o contend_v with_o the_o duke_n be_v too_o proud_a to_o desire_v assistance_n of_o any_o body_n but_o with_o their_o captain_n gatamelato_n will_v wage_v war_n with_o he_o by_o themselves_o the_o conte_n francisco_n desire_v by_o permission_n of_o the_o florentine_n that_o he_o may_v have_v go_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o king_n rinato_n have_v not_o the_o accident_n in_o romagna_n and_o lombardy_n divert_v he_o and_o the_o florentine_n for_o the_o old_a friendship_n betwixt_o they_o and_o france_n will_v have_v willing_o consent_v and_o the_o duke_n will_v have_v assist_v alphonso_n for_o the_o kindness_n he_o have_v express_v to_o he_o in_o his_o former_a distress_n but_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o have_v too_o much_o employment_n at_o home_n to_o concern_v themselves_o in_o any_o difference_n abroad_o the_o florentine_n see_v romagna_n overrun_v and_o the_o venetian_n baffle_v by_o the_o duke_n apprehend_v their_o own_o by_o the_o calamity_n of_o their_o neighbour_n desire_v the_o conte_n to_o come_v into_o tuscany_n that_o they_o may_v consider_v of_o some_o way_n to_o obstruct_v the_o duke_n force_n which_o be_v then_o much_o strong_a than_o ever_o they_o have_v be_v add_v withal_o that_o if_o their_o insolence_n be_v not_o sudden_o restrain_v there_o be_v no_o state_n in_o italy_n but_o will_v feel_v the_o inconvenience_n the_o conte_n know_v well_o enough_o the_o apprehension_n of_o the_o florentine_n be_v but_o reasonable_a yet_o his_o desire_n that_o his_o marriage_n with_o the_o duke_n daughter_n may_v proceed_v keep_v he_o in_o suspense_n and_o the_o duke_n perceive_v his_o mind_n keep_v he_o up_o with_o reiterated_a hope_n if_o he_o stir_v not_o against_o he_o for_o the_o young_a lady_n be_v now_o of_o age_n to_o have_v it_o consummate_v and_o many_o time_n the_o treaty_n be_v so_o far_o advance_v that_o all_o
officer_n of_o his_o army_n advise_v he_o to_o give_v over_o his_o enterprise_n of_o brescia_n and_o verona_n and_o retire_v to_o vicenza_n lest_o otherwise_o the_o enemy_n shall_v encompass_v he_o where_o he_o be_v yet_o he_o will_v not_o consent_v but_o resolve_v to_o try_v his_o fortune_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o verona_n and_o turn_v about_o to_o the_o venetian_a proveditori_n and_o barnardetto_n de_fw-fr medici_n who_o assist_v as_o commissioner_n for_o the_o florentine_n he_o encourage_v they_o in_o their_o doubt_n and_o assure_v they_o he_o will_v retake_v it_o if_o any_o of_o the_o castle_n hold_v out_o for_o he_o have_v put_v all_o thing_n in_o order_n and_o draw_v out_o his_o man_n he_o march_v towards_o verona_n with_o all_o expedition_n at_o first_o sight_n nicolo_n imagine_v he_o be_v march_v to_o vicenza_n as_o he_o have_v be_v counsel_v by_o his_o officer_n but_o observe_v he_o to_o march_v on_o and_o direct_v his_o force_n towards_o the_o castle_n of_o s._n felice_n he_o think_v it_o time_n to_o provide_v for_o his_o defence_n but_o all_o be_v too_o late_o the_o trench_n and_o embarrasment_n be_v not_o finish_v the_o soldier_n separate_v and_o plunder_v and_o can_v not_o be_v get_v together_o time_n enough_o to_o hinder_v the_o count_n from_o get_v into_o the_o citadel_n and_o from_o thence_o into_o the_o city_n to_o the_o great_a disparagement_n of_o nicolo_n and_o detriment_n of_o his_o party_n who_o with_o the_o marquis_n of_o mantova_n retreat_v first_o into_o the_o citadel_n which_o they_o have_v take_v and_o from_o thence_o escape_v to_o the_o city_n of_o mantova_n count_n where_o rally_v the_o remainder_n of_o their_o force_n they_o join_v themselves_o with_o the_o army_n before_o brescia_n so_o that_o in_o four_o day_n time_n verona_n be_v win_v and_o lose_v by_o the_o duke_n force_v be_v winter_n time_n and_o the_o weather_n very_o cold_a the_o count_n have_v after_o his_o victory_n put_v in_o some_o supply_n of_o victual_n into_o brescia_n though_o with_o very_o great_a difficulty_n he_o remove_v his_o quarter_n to_o verona_n have_v give_v order_n for_o the_o build_n certain_a galley_n to_o forboli_n that_o winter_n to_o be_v ready_a against_o the_o spring_n that_o then_o he_o may_v be_v so_o strong_a both_o by_o land_n and_o by_o water_n as_o to_o give_v brescia_n a_o effectual_a and_o total_a relief_n the_o duke_n see_v the_o war_n at_o a_o stand_n for_o a_o time_n and_o his_o hope_n of_o be_v master_n of_o verona_n and_o brescia_n at_o a_o end_n all_o which_o he_o attribute_v to_o the_o counsel_n and_o supply_n of_o the_o florentine_n who_o affection_n can_v not_o be_v alienate_v by_o all_o the_o provocation_n the_o venetian_n have_v give_v they_o nor_o gain_v over_o to_o his_o side_n by_o all_o the_o promise_n which_o he_o have_v make_v they_o that_o they_o may_v be_v sensible_a of_o their_o own_o oversight_n and_o feel_v the_o inconvenience_n they_o have_v pull_v upon_o themselves_o he_o resolve_v to_o invade_v tuscany_n to_o which_o he_o be_v much_o encourage_v by_o nicolo_n and_o the_o florentine_a exile_n nicolo_n design_n be_v upon_o the_o possession_n of_o braccio_n and_o to_o drive_v the_o count_n out_o of_o la_fw-fr marca_n exile_n the_o other_o have_v a_o itch_a after_o their_o own_o country_n and_o a_o mind_n to_o be_v at_o home_n so_o that_o both_o party_n animate_v the_o duke_n with_o such_o argument_n as_o be_v most_o suitable_a to_o their_o particular_a design_n nicolo_n tell_v he_o he_o may_v send_v he_o with_o a_o army_n into_o tuscany_n and_o leave_v brescia_n besiege_v for_o he_o be_v master_n of_o the_o lake_n be_v well_o entrench_v about_o the_o town_n have_v several_a strong_a castle_n in_o the_o country_n and_o good_a officer_n and_o soldier_n enough_o to_o resist_v the_o count_n if_o he_o shall_v make_v any_o attempt_n in_o another_o place_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v till_o he_o have_v relieve_v brescia_n and_o that_o be_v impossible_a so_o that_o if_o he_o please_v he_o may_v make_v war_n in_o tuscany_n and_o not_o quite_o his_o enterprise_n in_o lombardy_n he_o remonstrate_v beside_o that_o the_o florentine_n will_v be_v constrain_v as_o soon_o as_o they_o see_v he_o in_o tuscany_n to_o call_v back_o the_o count_n or_o be_v ruin_v and_o whichsoever_o of_o the_o two_o happen_v his_o victory_n will_v be_v certain_a the_o exile_n inculcate_v that_o if_o nicolo_n come_v near_o florence_n with_o his_o army_n it_o be_v impossible_a but_o the_o people_n tire_v out_o with_o their_o tax_n and_o the_o insolence_n of_o the_o grandee_n will_v take_v arm_n and_o revolt_n as_o to_o his_o passage_n to_o florence_n they_o promise_v it_o shall_v be_v easy_a and_o casentino_n open_a to_o they_o by_o the_o interest_n and_o correspondence_n which_o rinaldo_n hold_v with_o that_o governor_n so_o that_o the_o duke_n inclinable_a of_o himself_o be_v much_o fortify_v and_o encourage_v by_o their_o persuasion_n the_o venetian_n on_o the_o other_o side_n though_o the_o winter_n be_v very_o sharp_a press_v the_o count_n to_o the_o relief_n of_o brescia_n with_o his_o whole_a army_n but_o he_o refuse_v allege_v it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v do_v at_o that_o time_n that_o better_a weather_n be_v to_o be_v expect_v and_o that_o in_o the_o interim_n their_o fleet_n shall_v be_v get_v ready_a and_o then_o it_o may_v be_v attempt_v both_o by_o land_n and_o by_o water_n which_o answer_n give_v no_o satisfaction_n the_o venetian_n become_v slow_a and_o remiss_a in_o send_v they_o provision_n so_o that_o in_o their_o army_n many_o people_n die_v the_o florentine_n have_v advertisement_n of_o all_o these_o passage_n be_v great_o dismay_v see_v the_o war_n bring_v home_o to_o they_o of_o tuscany_n and_o that_o in_o lombardy_n not_o turn_v to_o account_v nor_o be_v they_o less_o fearful_a of_o the_o force_n of_o the_o church_n not_o that_o the_o pope_n be_v their_o enemy_n but_o that_o they_o find_v that_o army_n at_o the_o devotion_n of_o the_o 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cause_v therefore_o to_o be_v signify_v to_o the_o pope_n eâ—genius_n that_o then_o be_v the_o time_n to_o recover_v the_o town_n which_o the_o count_n have_v take_v from_o the_o church_n and_o for_o his_o easy_a success_n he_o proffer_v he_o nicolo_n piccinino_n who_o be_v in_o his_o pay_n during_o the_o war_n but_o discharge_v upon_o the_o peace_n and_o be_v at_o that_o time_n in_o romagna_n with_o his_o force_n the_o pope_n receive_v the_o proposition_n very_o joyful_o upon_o a_o double_a account_n both_o as_o he_o hate_v francisco_n and_o desire_v his_o own_o and_o though_o he_o have_v be_v cheat_v by_o nicolo_n once_o before_o yet_o now_o the_o duke_n interpose_v he_o can_v not_o suspect_v he_o in_o the_o least_o join_v his_o force_n therefore_o with_o nicolo_n he_o march_v into_o la_fw-fr marca_n the_o count_n be_v much_o alarm_v at_o the_o news_n get_v what_o strength_n together_o he_o can_v and_o go_v to_o encounter_v they_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n alfonso_n take_v naples_n alfonso_n and_o all_o that_o kingdom_n fall_v into_o his_o hand_n except_o castelnuovo_n rinato_n have_v leave_v a_o strong_a garrison_n in_o castelnuovo_n go_v away_o himself_o for_o florence_n where_o he_o be_v most_o honourable_o receive_v but_o find_v he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o continue_v the_o war_n he_o stay_v there_o but_o some_o certain_a day_n and_o away_o he_o pass_v to_o marsilia_n during_o which_o time_n alfonso_n have_v take_v castelnuovo_n and_o the_o count_n be_v get_v into_o la_fw-fr marca_n but_o not_o so_o strong_a as_o the_o pope_n and_o nicolo_n wherefore_o he_o address_v himself_o to_o the_o venetian_a and_o florentine_a for_o assistance_n both_o of_o man_n and_o money_n represent_v to_o they_o that_o unless_o they_o now_o look_v upon_o they_o and_o do_v something_o to_o restrain_v the_o pope_n and_o alfonso_n whilst_o he_o be_v in_o be_v afterward_o they_o will_v have_v enough_o to_o do_v to_o secure_v themselves_o for_o they_o may_v join_v with_o duke_n philip_n and_o divide_v all_o italy_n betwixt_o they_o for_o some_o time_n both_o venetian_a and_o florentine_a suspend_v their_o answer_n either_o because_o they_o be_v unwilling_a to_o make_v his_o holiness_n and_o alfonso_n their_o enemy_n or_o else_o because_o their_o hand_n be_v already_o full_a in_o bologna_n hannibal_n bentivoglio_n have_v drive_v francisco_n piccinino_n out_o of_o that_o city_n and_o to_o enable_v himself_o to_o defend_v it_o against_o the_o duke_n who_o be_v a_o favourer_n of_o francisco_n he_o have_v desire_v the_o assistance_n of_o the_o venetian_n and_o florentine_n and_o they_o not_o deny_v it_o whilst_o the_o affair_n in_o bologna_n be_v in_o this_o manner_n uncertain_a they_o can_v not_o resolve_v to_o give_v the_o count_n their_o assistance_n but_o hannibal_n defeat_v francisco_n afterward_o so_o that_o all_o thing_n there_o seem_v to_o be_v compose_v they_o then_o conclude_v to_o supply_v he_o yet_o first_o to_o secure_v themselves_o against_o the_o duke_n 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their_o young_a hostage_n into_o prison_n and_o dispatch_v supply_n to_o bagno_n and_o those_o part_n to_o secure_v they_o and_o make_v that_o country_n dependent_a upon_o themselves_o gherardo_n a_o traitor_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n both_o to_o his_o friend_n and_o his_o son_n have_v much_o ado_n to_o escape_v leave_v his_o wife_n family_n and_o fortune_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o enemy_n this_o accident_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o great_a deliverance_n in_o florence_n for_o have_v the_o king_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o those_o part_n he_o may_v with_o little_a expenso_fw-la have_v overrun_v all_o as_o far_o as_o valdi_n tevere_a and_o casentino_n and_o bring_v such_o distraction_n upon_o their_o affair_n that_o the_o florentine_n must_v have_v divide_v their_o army_n and_o be_v disable_v thereby_o from_o attend_v the_o aragonian_a force_n about_o sienna_n with_o their_o army_n entire_a beside_o the_o provision_n which_o the_o florentine_n have_v make_v in_o italy_n to_o oppose_v the_o confederacy_n of_o their_o enemy_n they_o send_v agriolo_n acciaivoli_n their_o ambassador_n into_o france_n to_o negotiate_v with_o that_o king_n for_o the_o send_v king_n rinato_n d'_fw-fr angio_n into_o italy_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o duke_n and_o themselves_o and_o to_o represent_v to_o he_o that_o come_v thither_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o friend_n when_o he_o be_v once_o enter_v and_o have_v settle_v they_o he_o may_v set_v up_o his_o own_o claim_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o they_o will_v be_v engage_v to_o assist_v he_o and_o so_o whilst_o in_o lombardy_n and_o tuscany_n the_o war_n be_v carry_v on_o as_o we_o have_v relate_v in_o france_n the_o treaty_n be_v conclude_v and_o rinato_n oblige_v in_o june_n to_o come_v into_o italy_n with_o 2400_o horse_n and_o the_o league_n on_o the_o other_o side_n oblige_v at_o his_o arrival_n at_o alexandria_n to_o pay_v he_o 30000_o florin_n and_o 10000_o per_fw-la man_n afterward_o whilst_o the_o 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give_v he_o two_o deep_a wound_n upon_o his_o shoulder_n his_o blow_n be_v so_o sudden_a and_o thick_a he_o be_v cut_v down_o and_o dead_a before_o almost_o any_o body_n perceive_v it_o nor_o have_v he_o time_n to_o do_v or_o say_v more_o than_o to_o call_v upon_o the_o name_n of_o our_o lady_n and_o that_o but_o once_o as_o he_o fall_v the_o duke_n be_v slay_v great_a hubub_n be_v raise_v many_o sword_n draw_v and_o as_o it_o happen_v frequent_o in_o such_o case_n many_o people_n run_v in_o great_a confusion_n about_o the_o street_n without_o any_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o what_o have_v pass_v however_o those_o who_o be_v about_o the_o duke_n have_v see_v he_o kill_v and_o know_v who_o they_o be_v that_o do_v it_o press_v hard_o upon_o they_o to_o revenge_v it_o giovanandrea_n be_v willing_a to_o have_v disengagedhimself_n get_v out_o of_o the_o church_n thrust_v himself_o among_o the_o woman_n who_o be_v there_o in_o great_a number_n upon_o their_o knee_n but_o be_v entangle_v 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and_o let_v other_o people_n have_v care_n of_o rely_v upon_o the_o multitude_n too_o far_o how_o discontent_v soever_o for_o in_o their_o distress_n they_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o forsake_v they_o this_o accident_n put_v all_o italy_n into_o a_o amaze_n but_o much_o more_o what_o happen_v in_o florence_n not_o long_o after_o for_o that_o break_v the_o peace_n of_o all_o italy_n which_o have_v continue_v for_o 12_o year_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o next_o book_n who_o end_n will_v be_v no_o less_o sad_a and_o deplorable_a than_o the_o beginning_n be_v bloody_a and_o terrible_a the_o history_n of_o florence_n book_n viii_o the_o beginning_n of_o this_o eight_o book_n fall_v betwixt_o two_o conspiracy_n the_o one_o execute_v at_o milan_n and_o already_o describe_v the_o other_o at_o florence_n and_o remain_v to_o be_v relate_v it_o will_v have_v be_v convenient_a according_a to_o my_o custom_n to_o have_v say_v something_o of_o the_o quality_n and_o importance_n of_o conspiracy_n and_o i_o shall_v willing_o have_v undertake_v it_o have_v it_o not_o be_v do_v in_o another_o place_n and_o the_o subject_n too_o copious_a to_o be_v pass_v over_o with_o brevity_n waive_v therefore_o a_o matter_n which_o will_v require_v so_o much_o consideration_n and_o be_v else_o where_o ample_o discourse_v i_o shall_v tell_v how_o the_o family_n of_o the_o medici_n have_v subbue_v the_o adversary_n which_o open_o oppose_v they_o to_o make_v themselves_o absolute_a in_o the_o city_n and_o reduce_v the_o rest_n to_o a_o civil_a submission_n be_v necessiate_v to_o disable_v those_o who_o be_v private_o their_o enemy_n for_o whilst_o the_o medici_n be_v but_o equal_a in_o authority_n and_o as_o it_o be_v but_o in_o competition_n with_o other_o great_a family_n the_o citizen_n which_o emulate_v their_o greatness_n may_v oppose_v they_o public_o without_o danger_n because_o the_o magistrate_n be_v free_a and_o independent_a neither_o party_n be_v afraid_a till_o one_o of_o 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thence_o spring_v such_o aversion_n and_o hatred_n as_o be_v common_o his_o ruin_n so_o that_o in_o conclusion_n treason_n do_v usual_o destroy_v the_o contriver_n and_o ruin_v they_o in_o time_n against_o who_o they_o conspire_v italy_n as_o we_o say_v before_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o faction_n the_o pope_n and_o the_o king_n of_o naples_n make_v one_o the_o venetian_n the_o duke_n of_o milan_n and_o the_o florentine_n make_v the_o other_o and_o though_o betwixt_o they_o war_n be_v not_o solemn_o declare_v yet_o daily_a provocation_n be_v give_v on_o both_o side_n and_o the_o pope_n very_o busy_a in_o his_o design_n against_o florence_n philippo_n di_fw-fr medici_n the_o archbishop_n of_o pisa_n be_v dead_a in_o crossnes_n to_o that_o family_n his_o holiness_n invest_v francisco_n salviati_n in_o that_o bishopric_n as_o know_v he_o to_o be_v their_o enemy_n and_o the_o senate_n of_o florence_n refuse_v he_o possession_n new_a quarrel_n arise_v which_o create_v much_o trouble_n 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design_n it_o prove_v quite_o contrary_a for_o those_o who_o be_v of_o lorenzo_n cabal_n persuade_v he_o it_o be_v dangerous_a and_o a_o diminution_n to_o his_o authority_n to_o advance_v such_o citizen_n as_o be_v wealthy_a and_o potent_a whereupon_o giacopo_n and_o his_o nephew_n be_v not_o prefer_v to_o those_o dignity_n which_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o other_o people_n they_o deserve_v this_o give_v occasion_n of_o disgust_n to_o the_o pazzi_n and_o apprehension_n to_o the_o medici_n medici_n and_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o one_o give_v matter_n for_o the_o augmentation_n of_o the_o other_o so_o that_o in_o all_o thing_n where_o other_o citizen_n be_v entertain_v the_o pazzi_n be_v reject_v by_o the_o magistrate_n the_o counsel_n of_o eight_o upon_o a_o trivial_a occasion_n without_o respect_n and_o difference_n usual_o show_v to_o person_n of_o his_o quality_n recall_v francisco_n de_fw-fr pazzi_n from_o rome_n and_o require_v
it_o a_o reputation_n the_o first_o thing_n they_o do_v be_v to_o ratify_v the_o peace_n which_o lorenzo_n have_v make_v with_o the_o king_n and_o they_o appoint_v antonio_n ridolfi_n and_o piero_n nasi_n ambassador_n to_o the_o pope_n notwithstanding_o this_o peace_n the_o duke_n of_o calabria_n depart_v from_o the_o country_n of_o sienna_n with_o his_o army_n pretend_v he_o be_v retain_v by_o the_o dissension_n of_o that_o city_n which_o be_v so_o great_a that_o be_v quarter_v not_o far_o off_o he_o be_v invite_v into_o the_o town_n and_o their_o defference_n refer_v to_o his_o arbitration_n the_o duke_n accept_v the_o overture_n fine_v several_a of_o the_o citizen_n imprison_v several_a banish_v some_o and_o some_o he_o put_v to_o death_n so_o that_o he_o become_v suspicious_a not_o only_o to_o the_o sienesi_fw-la but_o to_o the_o florentine_n also_o that_o his_o design_n be_v to_o make_v himself_o prince_n of_o that_o city_n nor_o can_v they_o devise_v any_o remedy_n see_v they_o 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be_v invite_v by_o the_o venetian_n and_o make_v general_n of_o their_o army_n the_o news_n of_o these_o preparation_n come_v to_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o league_n they_o prepare_v themselves_o according_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n choose_v federigo_n lord_n of_o urbino_n for_o his_o general_n the_o florentine_n costanzo_n di_fw-fr pesaro_n and_o to_o sound_v the_o pope_n and_o discover_v whether_o these_o proceed_n of_o the_o venetian_n be_v by_o his_o consent_n king_n ferrando_n send_v the_o duke_n of_o calabria_n with_o his_o army_n to_o quarter_n upon_o the_o tronto_n and_o desire_a leave_n of_o his_o holiness_n that_o they_o may_v pass_v through_o his_o territory_n from_o thence_o into_o lombardy_n to_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o marquis_n which_o be_v absolute_o deny_v the_o florentine_n and_o king_n think_v that_o a_o sufficient_a declaration_n of_o his_o mind_n resolve_v to_o attempt_v it_o by_o force_n and_o try_v if_o that_o they_o can_v make_v he_o their_o friend_n or_o at_o least_o give_v he_o such_o impediment_n as_o shall_v hinder_v his_o supply_n of_o the_o venetian_n who_o have_v already_o take_v the_o field_n invade_v the_o marquis_n overrun_a most_o of_o the_o country_n and_o clap_v down_o with_o their_o army_n before_o figarolo_n a_o castle_n of_o great_a importance_n to_o the_o affair_n of_o that_o prince_n the_o king_n and_o the_o florentine_n have_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n conclude_v to_o fall_v upon_o the_o pope_n alfonso_n duke_n of_o calabria_n march_v his_o army_n towards_o rome_n and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o collennesi_n who_o be_v join_v with_o he_o in_o opposition_n to_o the_o orsini_n who_o side_v with_o the_o pope_n he_o commit_v great_a spoil_n all_o over_o that_o country_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o florentine_n under_o the_o command_n of_o nicolo_n vitelli_n assault_v the_o city_n of_o castello_n take_v it_o turn_v out_o lorenzo_n who_o have_v keep_v it_o for_o the_o pope_n and_o give_v it_o to_o nicolo_n as_o prince_n the_o pope_n be_v at_o this_o time_n in_o very_o great_a anxiety_n rome_n be_v full_a of_o faction_n within_o and_o the_o enemy_n in_o the_o country_n without_o nevertheless_o like_o a_o courageous_a prince_n resolve_v to_o overcome_v not_o to_o yield_v to_o his_o enemy_n he_o entertain_v for_o his_o general_n roberto_n da_fw-la rimino_fw-la and_o invite_v he_o to_o rome_n where_o he_o have_v assemble_v all_o the_o force_n he_o can_v make_v he_o represent_v how_o great_a a_o honour_n it_o will_v be_v to_o he_o if_o he_o can_v rescue_v the_o church_n from_o the_o calamity_n which_o be_v upon_o it_o and_o that_o not_o only_a himself_o and_o his_o successor_n but_o god_n almighty_n will_v reward_v he_o roberto_n have_v take_v a_o view_n of_o his_o army_n and_o all_o the_o magazine_n he_o persuade_v the_o pope_n to_o raise_v he_o what_o foot_n he_o can_v more_o which_o be_v do_v with_o great_a diligence_n and_o expedition_n the_o duke_n of_o calabria_n be_v all_o this_o while_n forage_v 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so_o by_o the_o death_n of_o another_o person_n secure_v himself_o this_o counsel_n begin_v give_v and_o as_o resolute_o undertake_v they_o appoint_v the_o time_n to_o be_v at_o the_o fair_a at_o furli_fw-la for_o several_a of_o their_o friend_n in_o the_o country_n come_v to_o the_o town_n on_o course_n that_o day_n they_o think_v they_o shall_v have_v enough_o of_o they_o present_a without_o the_o danger_n of_o invite_v they_o it_o be_v in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n in_o which_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o italian_n have_v a_o custom_n of_o sup_v by_o day_n light_n the_o conspirator_n think_v their_o best_a time_n to_o kill_v he_o will_v be_v after_o he_o have_v sup_v when_o the_o servant_n be_v go_v down_o to_o their_o own_o and_o leave_v he_o as_o it_o be_v alone_o in_o his_o chamber_n have_v agree_v upon_o the_o time_n francisco_n go_v to_o the_o count_n palace_n and_o have_v leave_v his_o accomplice_n below_o and_o tell_v one_o of_o his_o servant_n that_o he_o desire_v to_o speak_v with_o the_o count_n he_o be_v admit_v and_o find_v he_o alone_o after_o some_o previous_a and_o pretend_a discourse_n murder_v he_o take_v his_o opportunity_n and_o kill_v he_o then_o call_v up_o his_o companion_n the_o servant_n be_v slay_v likewise_o and_o then_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o castle_n come_v in_o by_o accident_n with_o some_o few_o in_o his_o company_n to_o speak_v with_o the_o count_n they_o fall_v upon_o he_o and_o murder_v he_o with_o the_o rest_n have_v finish_v their_o work_n and_o raise_v a_o great_a hubub_n in_o the_o house_n the_o count_n body_n be_v throw_v out_o of_o the_o window_n a_o great_a cry_n make_v of_o liberty_n and_o the_o church_n and_o the_o people_n exhort_v to_o arm_n who_o abominate_v the_o cruelty_n and_o the_o avarice_n of_o the_o count_n fall_v upon_o his_o house_n plunder_v they_o and_o make_v the_o countess_n catherina_n his_o lady_n and_o her_o family_n prisoner_n and_o this_o be_v do_v with_o so_o little_a opposition_n that_o 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they_o no_o succour_n and_o hear_v that_o lodovico_n the_o countess_n uncle_n be_v send_v force_n to_o her_o relief_n they_o pack_v up_o what_o they_o can_v and_o away_o they_o go_v to_o castello_n so_o that_o the_o countess_n be_v restore_v she_o revenge_v the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n with_o all_o possible_a cruelty_n husband_n the_o florentine_n have_v news_n of_o what_o happen_v to_o the_o count_n and_o immediate_o take_v occasion_n to_o attempt_v the_o castle_n of_o piancaldoli_n which_o have_v be_v former_o take_v from_o they_o by_o the_o say_a count_n and_o according_o send_v their_o force_n thither_o they_o retake_v it_o but_o with_o the_o death_n of_o ciecco_n a_o most_o excellent_a architect_n about_o the_o same_o time_n that_o this_o tumult_n happen_v in_o the_o city_n another_o of_o no_o less_o importance_n fall_v out_o in_o the_o country_n of_o romagna_n galeotto_n lord_n of_o faenza_n be_v marry_v to_o
the_o conquest_n be_v slow_a and_o tedious_a and_o weak_a but_o their_o loss_n be_v rapid_a and_o wonderful_a and_o because_o i_o be_o come_v with_o my_o example_n into_o italy_n where_o for_o many_o year_n all_o thing_n have_v be_v manage_v by_o mercenary_a army_n i_o shall_v lay_v my_o discourse_n a_o little_a high_o that_o their_o original_a and_o progress_n be_v render_v more_o plain_a they_o may_v with_o more_o ease_n be_v regulate_v and_o correct_v you_o must_v understand_v that_o in_o latter_a time_n when_o the_o roman_a empire_n begin_v to_o decline_v in_o italy_n and_o the_o pope_n to_o take_v upon_o he_o authority_n in_o temporal_a affair_n italy_n become_v divide_v into_o several_a state_n for_o many_o of_o the_o great_a city_n take_v arm_n against_o their_o nobility_n who_o have_v be_v former_o favour_v by_o the_o emperor_n keep_v the_o people_n under_o oppression_n against_o which_o the_o church_n oppose_v to_o gain_v to_o itself_o a_o reputation_n and_o interest_n in_o 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the_o order_n which_o they_o observe_v be_v first_o to_o take_v away_o the_o reputation_n from_o the_o foot_n and_o appropriate_v it_o to_o themselves_o and_o this_o they_o do_v because_o their_o dominion_n be_v but_o small_a and_o to_o be_v maintain_v by_o their_o own_o industry_n a_o few_o foot_n can_v not_o do_v their_o business_n and_o a_o great_a body_n they_o can_v not_o maintain_v hereupon_o they_o change_v their_o militia_n into_o horse_n which_o be_v digest_v into_o troop_n they_o sustain_v and_o reward_v themselves_o with_o the_o command_n and_o by_o degree_n this_o way_n of_o cavalry_n be_v grow_v so_o much_o in_o fashion_n that_o in_o a_o army_n of_o 20000_o man_n there_o be_v scarce_o 2000_o foot_n to_o be_v find_v beside_o they_o endeavour_v with_o all_o possible_a industry_n to_o prevent_v trouble_n or_o fear_n either_o to_o themselves_o or_o their_o soldier_n and_o their_o way_n be_v by_o kill_v no_o body_n in_o fight_n only_o take_v one_o another_o prisoner_n and_o dismiss_v they_o afterward_o without_o either_o prejudice_n or_o ransom_n when_o they_o be_v in_o leaguer_n before_o a_o town_n they_o shoot_v not_o rude_o among_o they_o in_o the_o night_n nor_o do_v they_o in_o the_o town_n disturb_v they_o with_o any_o sally_n in_o their_o camp_n no_o approach_n or_o intrenchment_n be_v make_v at_o unseasonable_a hour_n and_o nothing_o of_o lie_v in_o the_o field_n when_o winter_n come_v on_o and_o all_o these_o thing_n do_v not_o happen_v by_o any_o negligence_n in_o their_o officer_n but_o be_v part_n of_o their_o discipline_n and_o introduce_v as_o be_v faid_fw-we before_o to_o ease_v the_o poor_a soldier_n both_o of_o labour_n and_o danger_n by_o which_o practice_n they_o have_v bring_v italy_n both_o into_o slavery_n and_o contempt_n chap._n xiii_o of_o auxiliary_n mix_v and_o natural_a soldier_n auxiliaries_n which_o be_v another_o sort_n of_o unprofitable_a soldier_n be_v when_o some_o potent_a prince_n be_v call_v in_o to_o your_o assistance_n and_o defence_n as_o be_v do_v not_o long_o since_o by_o pope_n julius_n who_o in_o his_o enterprise_n of_o ferrara_n have_v see_v the_o sad_a experience_n of_o his_o mercenary_a army_n betake_v himself_o to_o auxiliaries_n and_o capitulate_v with_o ferrand_n king_n of_o spain_n that_o he_o shall_v come_v with_o his_o force_n to_o his_o relief_n these_o army_n may_v do_v well_o enough_o for_o themselves_o but_o he_o who_o invite_v they_o be_v sure_o to_o be_v a_o sufferer_n for_o if_o they_o be_v beat_v he_o be_v sure_a to_o be_v a_o loser_n if_o they_o succeed_v he_o be_v leave_v at_o their_o discretion_n and_o though_o ancient_a history_n be_v full_a of_o example_n of_o this_o kind_n yet_o i_o shall_v keep_v to_o that_o of_o pope_n julius_n xi_o as_o one_o still_o fresh_a in_o our_o memory_n who_o expedition_n against_o ferrara_n be_v very_o rash_a and_o inconsiderate_a in_o that_o he_o put_v all_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o stranger_n but_o his_o good_a fortune_n present_v he_o with_o a_o three_o accident_n which_o prevent_v his_o reap_v the_o fruit_n of_o his_o imprudent_a election_n for_o his_o subsidiary_a troop_n be_v break_v at_o ravenna_n and_o the_o swisser_n come_v in_o and_o beat_v off_o the_o victor_n beyond_o all_o expectation_n he_o escape_v be_v a_o prisoner_n to_o his_o enemy_n because_o they_o also_o be_v defeat_v and_o to_o his_o auxiliary_a friend_n because_o he_o have_v conquer_v by_o other_o people_n arms._n the_o florentine_n be_v destitute_a of_o soldier_n hire_v 10000_o french_a for_o the_o reduction_n of_o pisa_n by_o which_o counsel_n they_o run_v themselves_o into_o great_a danger_n than_o ever_o they_o have_v do_v in_o all_o their_o trouble_n before_o the_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n in_o opposition_n to_o his_o neighbour_n send_v 10000_o turk_n into_o greece_n which_o can_v not_o be_v get_v out_o again_o when_o the_o war_n be_v at_o a_o end_n but_o give_v the_o first_o beginning_n to_o the_o servitude_n and_o captivity_n which_o those_o infidel_n bring_v upon_o that_o country_n he_o then_o who_o have_v no_o mind_n to_o overcome_v may_v make_v use_n of_o these_o force_n for_o they_o be_v much_o more_o dangerous_a than_o the_o mercenary_a and_o will_v ruin_v you_o out_o of_o hand_n because_o they_o be_v always_o unanimous_a and_o at_o the_o command_n of_o other_o people_n whereas_o the_o mercenary_n after_o they_o have_v get_v a_o victory_n must_v have_v long_a time_n and_o more_o occasion_n before_o they_o can_v do_v you_o a_o mischief_n in_o respect_n they_o be_v not_o one_o body_n but_o make_v up_o out_o of_o several_a country_n entertain_v into_o your_o pay_n to_o which_o if_o you_o add_v a_o general_n of_o your_o own_o they_o can_v sudden_o assume_v so_o much_o authority_n as_o will_v be_v able_a to_o do_v you_o any_o prejudice_n in_o short_a it_o be_v cowardice_n and_o sloth_n that_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v in_o the_o mercenary_n and_o courage_n and_o activity_n in_o the_o auxiliary_n a_o wise_a prince_n therefore_o never_o make_v use_n of_o these_o force_n but_o commit_v himself_o to_o his_o own_o choose_v rather_o to_o be_v overcome_v with_o they_o than_o to_o conquer_v with_o the_o other_o because_o he_o can_v think_v that_o a_o victory_n which_o be_v obtain_v by_o other_o people_n arms._n i_o shall_v make_v no_o scruple_n to_o produce_v caesar_n borgia_n for_o a_o example_n this_o duke_n invade_v romagna_n with_o a_o army_n of_o auxiliary_n consist_v whole_o of_o french_a by_o who_o assistance_n he_o take_v imola_n and_o furli_fw-la but_o find_v they_o afterward_o to_o totter_v in_o their_o faith_n and_o himself_o insecure_a he_o betake_v himself_o to_o mercenary_n as_o the_o less_o dangerous_a of_o the_o two_o and_o entertain_v the_o ursini_n and_o vitelli_n into_o his_o pay_n find_v they_o also_o irresolute_a unfaithful_a and_o dangerous_a he_o dismiss_v they_o and_o for_o the_o future_a employ_v none_o but_o his_o own_o from_o hence_o we_o may_v collect_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o these_o two_o sort_n of_o force_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o difference_n in_o the_o duke_n reputation_n when_o the_o ursini_n and_o vitelli_n be_v in_o his_o service_n and_o when_o he_o have_v no_o soldier_n but_o his_o own_o when_o he_o begin_v to_o stand_v upon_o his_o own_o leg_n his_o renown_n begin_v to_o increase_v and_o indeed_o before_o his_o esteem_n be_v not_o so_o great_a till_o every_o body_n find_v he_o absolute_a master_n of_o his_o own_o army_n have_v begin_v my_o example_n in_o italy_n i_o be_o unwilling_a to_o leave_v it_o especial_o while_o it_o supply_v we_o with_o such_o as_o be_v fresh_a in_o our_o memory_n yet_o i_o can_v pass_v by_o hiero_n of_o syracuse_n who_o i_o have_v mention_v before_o this_o person_n be_v make_v general_n of_o the_o syracusan_a army_n quick_o discover_v the_o mercenary_a militia_n be_v not_o be_v rely_v upon_o their_o officer_n be_v
and_o fia_fw-mi il_fw-fr combatter_n corto_fw-la vhe_fw-it l'_fw-it antico_fw-la valour_n ne_n '_o gl'_fw-it italici_n cur_n '_o non_fw-fr e_o anchor_n morto_fw-la virtue_n shall_v arm_v against_o rage_n and_o in_o short_a sight_n prove_v the_o roman_a valour_n be_v not_o extinguish_v quite_o the_o original_a of_o the_o word_n guelf_n and_o ghibilin_n so_o much_o mention_v in_o history_n these_o two_o faction_n so_o famous_a in_o history_n be_v eminent_a in_o italy_n two_o age_n before_o castruccio_n be_v bear_v machiavelli_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o war_n of_o that_o country_n affirm_v that_o pistoia_n be_v the_o first_o place_n where_o those_o name_n of_o distinction_n be_v use_v but_o the_o account_n wherewith_o the_o public_a library_n supply_v i_o run_v thus_o these_o two_o word_n guelf_n and_o ghibilin_n deduce_v their_o original_n from_o a_o schism_n which_o molest_v the_o church_n in_o the_o year_n 1130._o by_o the_o competition_n of_o two_o pope_n innocent_a 11._o and_o anaclet_n the_o great_a part_n of_o christendom_n acknowledge_v innocent_a who_o be_v particular_o support_v by_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o west_n anaclet_n the_o antipope_n have_v persuade_v into_o his_o interest_n roger_n comte_n de_fw-fr naples_n and_o sicily_n a_o martial_a prince_n and_o descend_v from_o the_o norman_n who_o have_v conquer_v that_o country_n the_o pretence_n of_o this_o double_a election_n have_v keep_v a_o war_n on_o foot_n eight_o year_n together_o which_o be_v still_o favourable_a to_o roger_n the_o emperor_n conrade_n the_o three_o march_v himself_o at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o army_n of_o german_n into_o italy_n leave_v his_o grandson_n prince_n henry_n to_o come_v after_o roger_n to_o oppose_v he_o with_o man_n of_o his_o own_o nation_n allure_v to_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o country_n guelf_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n during_o the_o course_n of_o this_o war_n which_o begin_v in_o the_o year_n 1139._o it_o happen_v sometime_o that_o the_o emperor_n army_n be_v command_v by_o the_o say_a prince_n herny_n who_o be_v bring_v up_o in_o a_o village_n in_o germany_n call_v ghibilin_n who_o situation_n be_v very_o pleasant_a make_v the_o very_a name_n of_o it_o â—ear_v to_o he_o one_o day_n the_o army_n be_v draw_v up_o and_o ready_a to_o engage_v the_o bavarian_o to_o encourage_v their_o comrade_n cry_v out_o in_o their_o language_n a_o guelf_n a_o guelf_n and_o the_o emperor_n troop_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o well_o dispose_v to_o their_o general_n to_o comply_v with_o the_o kindness_n he_o have_v for_o that_o place_n cry_v out_o on_o the_o other_o side_n a_o ghibilin_n a_o ghibilin_n these_o word_n seem_v barbarous_a to_o the_o italian_n that_o be_v with_o roger_n who_o come_v to_o guelf_n to_o know_v what_o they_o mean_v he_o tell_v they_o the_o pope_n party_n be_v intend_v by_o the_o word_n guelf_n and_o the_o emperor_n by_o the_o word_n ghibilin_n from_o that_o time_n those_o name_n grow_v so_o common_a in_o both_o army_n that_o by_o they_o they_o answer_v their_o who_o go_v there_o and_o they_o be_v give_v to_o the_o italian_n according_a to_o their_o several_a side_n it_o be_v true_a at_o first_o they_o be_v use_v to_o discriminate_a only_a anaclet_n party_n from_o the_o emperor_n but_o afterward_o roger_n have_v vanquish_v and_o take_v prisoner_n pope_n innocent_a as_o the_o price_n of_o his_o liberty_n he_o oblige_v he_o to_o erect_v the_o country_n of_o naples_n and_o sicily_n into_o kingdom_n by_o which_o treaty_n roger_n be_v take_v off_o from_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o antipope_n and_o engage_v entire_o with_o the_o church_n he_o affix_v the_o name_n of_o guelf_n to_o the_o pope_n party_n and_o confirm_v the_o name_n ghibilin_n to_o the_o faction_n of_o the_o emperor_n the_o italian_n will_v fain_o have_v the_o credit_n of_o the_o etymology_n themselves_o and_o by_o a_o certain_a jingle_n of_o word_n and_o that_o mighty_o strain_v will_v have_v guelf_n derive_v from_o guardatori_fw-mi 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of_o other_o people_n have_v excommunicate_v the_o emperor_n lewis_n of_o the_o house_n of_o bavaria_n and_o be_v too_o busy_a with_o his_o fulmination_n against_o five_o more_o prince_n of_o italy_n who_o be_v treat_v by_o he_o like_o tyrant_n confederate_v against_o he_o their_o name_n be_v castruccio_n sovereign_a of_o lucca_n scaliger_n lord_n of_o verona_n the_o marquis_n d'_fw-fr esti_n lord_n of_o ferrara_n and_o visconti_n and_o gonzague_v the_o first_o sovereign_n of_o milan_n and_o the_o other_o of_o mantova_n which_o create_v trouble_n to_o italy_n the_o empire_n of_o the_o east_n be_v at_o that_o time_n tear_v and_o distract_v by_o the_o ambition_n of_o the_o paliologi_fw-la and_o other_o whilst_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o sultan_n orchan_n son_n of_o ottoman_a sweep_v away_o lycaonia_n phrygia_n and_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o hellespont_n from_o the_o greek_n the_o empire_n of_o the_o west_n be_v then_o in_o dispute_n betwixt_o frederick_n of_o austria_n and_o lewis_n of_o bavaria_n who_o machiavelli_n by_o mistake_n or_o inadvertency_n have_v call_v frederick_n lewis_n after_o long_a and_o bloody_a war_n overcome_v his_o competitor_n and_o make_v several_a voyage_n into_o italy_n to_o invigorate_v and_o reinforce_v castruccio_n and_o the_o ghibilin_n france_n be_v govern_v by_o philip_n le_fw-fr long_n who_o at_o the_o solicitation_n of_o pope_n john_n pass_v a_o army_n into_o italy_n to_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o guelf_n which_o army_n be_v command_v by_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n afterward_o king_n but_o his_o expedition_n do_v not_o answer_v expectation_n for_o either_o the_o cunning_a or_o bribe_n of_o the_o ghibilin_n have_v dispel_v the_o storm_n which_o our_o preparation_n threaten_v upon_o lombardy_n or_o our_o force_n be_v recall_v upon_o some_o secret_a apprehension_n of_o a_o four_o war_n with_o the_o english_a or_o by_o the_o vast_a project_n of_o a_o five_o expedition_n to_o the_o holy_a land_n spain_n be_v divide_v into_o five_o kingdom_n each_o of_o which_o have_v its_o peculiar_a king_n four_o of_o they_o be_v christian_n and_o one_o a_o mahometan_a navarre_n have_v the_o same_o king_n with_o france_n philip_n the_o long_o find_v a_o way_n to_o extend_v the_o salic_a law_n into_o that_o country_n and_o defeat_v his_o niece_n jane_n of_o france_n daughter_n of_o lewis_n hutin_n of_o both_o kingdom_n at_o once_o alphonso_n xi_o as_o mariana_n call_v he_o the_o xii_o as_o garibay_n have_v at_o that_o time_n the_o sceptre_n of_o castille_n but_o his_o minority_n transfer_v the_o conduct_n of_o affair_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o two_o infanti_fw-la don_n pedro_n and_o don_n john_n insomuch_o as_o by_o the_o jealousy_n and_o division_n betwixt_o the_o two_o regent_n that_o kingdom_n be_v expose_v to_o such_o disorder_n as_o be_v inseparable_a from_o the_o minority_n of_o a_o prince_n at_o length_n the_o two_o infanti_fw-la be_v slay_v in_o the_o year_n 1320._o in_o a_o fight_n which_o their_o rashness_n cause_v they_o to_o lose_v to_o the_o moor_n under_o the_o wall_n of_o granada_n arragon_n be_v in_o obedience_n to_o don_n jacques_n the_o second_o of_o that_o name_n he_o be_v brother_n to_o fredrick_n who_o reign_v in_o sicily_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o robert_n a_o prince_n of_o the_o house_n of_o anjou_n this_o robert_n be_v king_n of_o naples_n side_v with_o the_o guelf_n and_o league_v himself_o sundry_a time_n with_o the_o florentine_n against_o castruccio_n james_n king_n of_o arragon_n design_v to_o establish_v himself_o in_o italy_n and_o judge_v that_o the_o conquest_n which_o he_o mediate_v upon_o the_o isle_n of_o corsica_n and_o sardinia_n depend_v much_o upon_o the_o concord_n of_o his_o subject_n at_o home_n he_o cause_v a_o general_n assembly_n of_o his_o estate_n to_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o year_n 1320._o in_o which_o be_v conclude_v the_o union_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n and_o valentia_n with_o the_o principality_n
several_a great_a baron_n who_o be_v able_a not_o only_o to_o expostulate_v but_o to_o contend_v with_o the_o king_n as_o the_o duke_n of_o guienn_n and_o bourbon_n do_v former_o the_o say_a baron_n be_v now_o most_o obsequious_a and_o dutiful_a a_o three_o reason_n be_v because_o former_o all_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n be_v ready_a upon_o every_o occasion_n to_o invade_v the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n britanny_n guienne_n or_o flanders_n be_v always_o tempt_v they_o thereunto_o and_o give_v they_o access_n passage_n and_o reception_n as_o it_o happen_v when_o the_o english_a have_v war_n with_o france_n by_o their_o confederacy_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o britagne_n they_o get_v admission_n into_o that_o country_n and_o give_v the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o hand_n full_a and_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n be_v as_o troublesome_a by_o mean_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o bourbon_n but_o now_o britagne_n guienne_n the_o bourbonois_n and_o 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france_n will_v be_v able_a to_o defend_v himself_o against_o all_o the_o prince_n in_o europe_n the_o french_a be_v natural_o more_o fierce_a and_o hot_a than_o dexterous_a or_o strong_a and_o if_o resist_v handsome_o in_o their_o first_o charge_n they_o slacken_v and_o cool_a and_o grow_v as_o timorous_a as_o woman_n they_o be_v likewise_o impatient_a of_o distress_n or_o incommodity_n and_o grow_v so_o careless_a by_o degree_n that_o it_o be_v no_o hard_a matter_n find_v they_o in_o disorder_n to_o master_n and_o overcome_v they_o and_o of_o this_o experience_n have_v be_v many_o time_n have_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o last_o of_o all_o at_o farigliano_fw-it where_o they_o be_v twice_o as_o many_o as_o the_o spaniard_n and_o it_o be_v expect_v every_o hour_n when_o they_o shall_v have_v swallow_v they_o up_o nevertheless_o because_o winter_n come_v on_o and_o the_o weather_n grow_v bad_a they_o begin_v to_o straggle_v into_o the_o neighbour_a town_n where_o they_o 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yet_o it_o have_v be_v much_o more_o have_v the_o strength_n of_o either_o army_n consist_v in_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o man_n but_o the_o french_a force_n lie_v in_o his_o man_n at_o arm_n and_o the_o spaniard_n force_n in_o their_o foot_n the_o slaughter_n be_v the_o less_o he_o therefore_o who_o will_v conquer_v the_o french_a must_v be_v sure_a to_o preserve_v himself_o against_o their_o first_o impetus_fw-la and_o attack_z and_o in_o so_o do_v he_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o prevail_v for_o caesar_n character_n of_o they_o be_v true_a at_o first_o they_o be_v more_o than_o man_n at_o last_o less_o than_o woman_n france_n in_o respect_n of_o its_o greatness_n and_o the_o convenience_n of_o its_o river_n be_v opulent_a and_o rich_a for_o their_o commodity_n and_o labour_n be_v worth_a little_a or_o nothing_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o scarcity_n of_o money_n among_o the_o people_n which_o be_v so_o great_a it_o be_v with_o difficulty_n that_o they_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v so_o much_o as_o will_v pay_v the_o imposition_n of_o their_o lord_n though_o they_o be_v general_o but_o small_a the_o reason_n be_v because_o every_o body_n gather_v to_o sell_v as_o he_o have_v occasion_n and_o no_o body_n can_v stay_v to_o finish_v his_o harvest_n as_o it_o shall_v be_v so_o that_o if_o there_o shall_v be_v any_o body_n which_o be_v seldom_o see_v so_o rich_a as_o to_o be_v a_o bushel_n of_o corn_n beforehand_o every_o body_n have_v of_o their_o own_o there_o will_v be_v no_o body_n to_o buy_v it_o and_o the_o gentleman_n of_o what_o they_o receive_v of_o their_o tenant_n except_o it_o be_v for_o clothes_n spend_v little_a or_o nothing_o for_o cattle_n and_o poultry_n and_o fish_n and_o venison_n they_o have_v enough_o of_o their_o own_o so_o that_o all_o the_o money_n come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o
violence_n and_o the_o sword_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v judge_v and_o distinguish_v betwixt_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o the_o people_n be_v appease_v with_o gentleness_n and_o good_a word_n and_o the_o prince_n not_o to_o be_v prevail_v upon_o but_o by_o violence_n and_o force_n and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o who_o be_v it_o that_o will_v deny_v that_o the_o disease_n be_v more_o dangerous_a where_o the_o cure_n be_v most_o difficult_a moreover_o when_o the_o people_n tumultuate_v there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o fear_n of_o any_o present_a mischief_n that_o they_o be_v likely_a to_o commit_v as_o of_o the_o consequence_n of_o it_o and_o that_o it_o may_v end_v in_o a_o tyranny_n but_o with_o ill_a prince_n it_o be_v quite_o contrary_a the_o present_a misery_n be_v the_o most_o dreadful_a because_o they_o hope_v when_o he_o die_v their_o liberty_n may_v be_v recover_v you_o see_v then_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o one_o be_v more_o dangerous_a at_o present_a and_o the_o other_o for_o the_o future_a the_o cruelty_n of_o the_o people_n extend_v only_o to_o such_o as_o in_o their_o opinion_n conspire_v against_o the_o common_a good_a the_o severity_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v more_o against_o they_o who_o design_n against_o his_o particular_a interest_n but_o this_o opinion_n of_o the_o people_n go_v daily_o down_o the_o wind_n for_o every_o man_n have_v liberty_n to_o speak_v what_o he_o please_v against_o they_o though_o even_o the_o government_n be_v popular_a but_o against_o a_o prince_n no_o man_n can_v talk_v without_o a_o thousand_o apprehension_n and_o danger_n nor_o will_v it_o seem_v to_o i_o incongruous_a the_o matter_n have_v draw_v i_o thus_o far_o in_o my_o next_o chapter_n to_o discourse_v what_o confederacy_n be_v most_o safe_a those_o which_o be_v make_v with_o prince_n or_o those_o which_o be_v make_v with_o commonwealth_n chap._n lix_n what_o league_n or_o confederacy_n be_v most_o to_o be_v trust_v those_o which_o be_v make_v with_o prince_n or_o those_o which_o be_v make_v with_o free_a state_n because_o prince_n with_o prince_n and_o free_a state_n among_o themselves_o and_o many_o time_n with_o prince_n do_v enter_v into_o league_n of_o friendship_n and_o confederacy_n i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o inquire_v in_o this_o place_n who_o faith_n be_v the_o most_o firm_a and_o in_o who_o amity_n the_o great_a confidence_n be_v to_o be_v repose_v have_v consider_v it_o diligent_o with_o myself_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o in_o many_o case_n they_o be_v alike_o and_o in_o some_o they_o differ_v and_o first_o when_o necessity_n of_o state_n require_v and_o there_o be_v any_o visible_a danger_n of_o lose_v the_o government_n neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o be_v so_o precise_a but_o they_o will_v make_v bold_a with_o their_o engagement_n and_o behave_v themselves_o ingrateful_o demetrius_n poliorcetes_n have_v oblige_v the_o athenian_n by_o many_o good_a office_n but_o his_o army_n be_v afteward_n defeat_v and_o himself_o fly_v to_o they_o for_o refuge_n as_o to_o his_o confederate_n and_o friend_n he_o be_v repulse_v and_o not_o admit_v into_o the_o city_n which_o trouble_v he_o more_o than_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o army_n pompey_n be_v beat_v in_o thessalia_n by_o caesar_n flee_v likewise_o into_o egypt_n to_o ptolemy_n who_o he_o have_v former_o restore_v to_o his_o kingdom_n and_o be_v murder_v by_o he_o for_o his_o confidence_n in_o both_o these_o example_n the_o ingratitude_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o yet_o the_o inhumanity_n be_v great_a on_o the_o prince_n side_n than_o on_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o be_v it_o as_o it_o will_v when_o the_o state_n be_v in_o danger_n they_o be_v neither_o of_o they_o scrupulous_a and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o prince_n or_o commonwealth_n so_o punctual_a as_o to_o preserve_v their_o league_n though_o with_o destruction_n to_o themselves_o it_o may_v proceed_v from_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o may_v very_o well_o happen_v that_o a_o prince_n may_v confederate_a with_o some_o other_o great_a potentate_n who_o though_o unable_a to_o defend_v he_o at_o that_o time_n may_v give_v he_o hope_n notwithstanding_o of_o restore_v he_o some_o other_o and_o persevere_v in_o his_o confederacy_n as_o think_v that_o by_o have_v make_v himself_o of_o that_o prince_n party_n he_o have_v render_v his_o accommodation_n with_o the_o adversary_n impossible_a this_o be_v the_o case_n of_o all_o the_o neopolitan_a prince_n who_o side_v with_o the_o french_a in_o their_o expedition_n unto_o those_o part_n and_o as_o to_o the_o free_a state_n they_o suffer_v of_o old_a something_o in_o this_o nature_n as_o saguntum_n in_o spain_n which_o city_n choose_v rather_o to_o expose_v its_o self_n to_o direption_n and_o all_o the_o calamity_n of_o war_n than_o forsake_v its_o confederacy_n with_o the_o roman_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1512._o florence_n do_v almost_o the_o same_o to_o continue_v its_o amity_n with_o the_o french_a so_o that_o compute_v every_o thing_n and_o consider_v what_o both_o party_n have_v do_v upon_o such_o imminent_a and_o irresistible_a danger_n i_o believe_v there_o be_v more_o constancy_n and_o firm_a friendship_n to_o be_v find_v among_o commonwealth_n than_o among_o prince_n for_o though_o perhaps_o they_o may_v have_v the_o same_o sentiment_n and_o inclination_n as_o prince_n yet_o their_o motion_n and_o resolution_n be_v slow_a they_o be_v long_o before_o they_o violate_v their_o faith_n but_o when_o their_o league_n and_o confederacy_n be_v to_o be_v break_v upon_o the_o bare_a prospect_n of_o advantage_n in_o that_o case_n your_o commonwealth_n be_v much_o more_o religious_a and_o severe_a and_o example_n may_v be_v bring_v where_o a_o small_a gain_n have_v tempt_v a_o prince_n when_o a_o great_a one_o can_v not_o move_v a_o commonwealth_n themistocles_n in_o a_o oration_n to_o the_o athenian_n tell_v they_o that_o he_o have_v something_o to_o advise_v that_o will_v be_v infinite_o to_o their_o advantage_n but_o dare_v not_o communicate_v it_o in_o public_a because_o to_o publish_v it_o will_v hinder_v the_o execution_n whereupon_o the_o people_n depute_v aristides_n to_o receive_v it_o and_o act_n in_o it_o afterward_o as_o he_o shall_v think_v convenient_a themistocles_n acquaint_v he_o that_o the_o whole_a grecian_a fleet_n though_o under_o their_o passport_n and_o parole_n be_v in_o a_o place_n where_o they_o may_v be_v all_o take_v or_o destroy_v which_o will_v make_v the_o athenian_n absolute_a master_n in_o those_o sea_n and_o aristides_n report_v to_o the_o people_n that_o the_o council_n of_o themistocles_n be_v profitable_a but_o will_v be_v a_o great_a dishonour_n to_o their_o state_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v unanimous_o reject_v but_o have_v the_o same_o occasion_n be_v offer_v to_o philip_n of_o macedon_n or_o some_o other_o prince_n they_o will_v not_o have_v be_v so_o tender_a for_o it_o be_v a_o practice_n among_o they_o and_o especial_o with_o philip_n who_o get_v more_o by_o break_v his_o faith_n than_o by_o all_o his_o other_o design_n as_o to_o the_o breach_n upon_o the_o nonobservance_n of_o article_n they_o be_v ordinary_a thing_n and_o i_o have_v nothing_o to_o say_v of_o they_o i_o speak_v only_o of_o extraordinary_a occasion_n and_o be_o of_o opinion_n from_o what_o i_o have_v say_v that_o the_o people_n do_v transgress_v less_o in_o that_o nature_n than_o prince_n and_o may_v therefore_o with_o more_o confidence_n be_v trust_v chap._n lx._n how_o the_o consulship_n and_o other_o dignity_n in_o rome_n be_v confer_v without_o respect_n of_o age_n it_o be_v manifest_a in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o roman_a commonwealth_n that_o after_o the_o people_n be_v make_v capable_a of_o the_o consulship_n the_o citizen_n be_v promiscuous_o prefer_v without_o respect_n either_o of_o age_n or_o extraction_n but_o any_o man_n be_v advance_v for_o his_o virtue_n whether_o he_o be_v a_o young_a man_n or_o a_o old_a and_o this_o be_v evident_a in_o valerius_n corvinus_n who_o be_v create_v consul_n in_o the_o 23_o year_n of_o his_o age_n upon_o which_o consideration_n in_o one_o of_o his_o speech_n to_o the_o army_n he_o tell_v they_o that_o the_o consulship_n be_v praemium_fw-la virtutis_fw-la non_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la the_o reward_n not_o of_o nobility_n but_o virtue_n whether_o this_o be_v prudent_o do_v or_o not_o may_v admit_v of_o dispute_n but_o as_o to_o the_o receive_v all_o sort_n of_o person_n to_o that_o dignity_n without_o consideration_n of_o their_o blood_n there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o that_o and_o the_o same_o necessity_n that_o be_v in_o rome_n may_v happen_v in_o any_o other_o city_n that_o desire_v to_o do_v the_o same_o great_a thing_n which_o be_v do_v in_o rome_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v elsewhere_o for_o man_n be_v not_o to_o be_v persuade_v to_o suffer_v but_o in_o hope_n of_o reward_n and_o that_o hope_n can_v be_v
and_o may_v be_v mistake_v in_o its_o character_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o antiquity_n can_v fall_v so_o perfect_o under_o one_o cognizance_n yet_o that_o will_v not_o excuse_v old_a man_n for_o prefer_v the_o transaction_n in_o their_o youth_n because_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v equal_o liable_a to_o their_o knowledge_n nor_o will_v they_o be_v of_o that_o opinion_n if_o man_n have_v the_o same_o sentiment_n and_o appetite_n as_o long_o as_o they_o live_v but_o our_o affection_n alter_v and_o our_o rational_a soul_n be_v otherwise_o dispose_v than_o former_o we_o judge_v otherwise_o of_o thing_n though_o the_o time_n be_v the_o same_o for_o how_o be_v it_o possible_a the_o same_o thing_n shall_v please_v in_o our_o youth_n and_o old_a age_n when_o their_o study_n and_o delight_n be_v so_o different_a and_o remote_a for_o to_o say_v no_o more_o as_o the_o quickness_n and_o vigour_n of_o the_o body_n decrease_v in_o old_a man_n so_o their_o judgement_n and_o prudence_n increase_v proportionable_o and_o thence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o same_o thing_n which_o seem_v tolerable_a in_o their_o youth_n grow_v insupportable_a when_o they_o be_v old_a so_o that_o the_o fault_n be_v more_o in_o their_o judgement_n than_o the_o age_n for_o suppose_v those_o thing_n to_o be_v good_a which_o be_v wise_a by_o experience_n they_o find_v to_o be_v otherwise_o to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o the_o desire_n of_o mankind_n be_v immense_a and_o unsatiable_a that_o natural_o we_o be_v covetous_a of_o every_o thing_n whereas_o fortune_n allow_v we_o but_o little_o that_o from_o thence_o it_o happen_v that_o no_o â—an_v be_v content_v every_o man_n despise_v what_o he_o be_v already_o possess_v of_o commend_v what_o be_v pass_v condemn_v what_o be_v present_a and_o belong_v for_o what_o be_v to_o come_v though_o induce_v by_o no_o reasonable_a occasion_n thing_n be_v thus_o i_o can_v resolve_v myself_o whether_o ever_o i_o may_v not_o be_v of_o that_o number_n who_o in_o these_o my_o discourse_n have_v so_o high_o magnify_v the_o old_a time_n and_o exploit_n of_o the_o roman_n to_o the_o diminution_n of_o our_o own_o and_o true_o be_v not_o the_o virtue_n of_o that_o age_n as_o clear_a as_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o wickedness_n of_o we_o as_o manifest_v as_o that_o i_o shall_v have_v be_v more_o moderate_a and_o fear_v to_o have_v run_v into_o the_o same_o error_n which_o i_o have_v condemn_v in_o other_o people_n but_o thing_n be_v so_o evident_a i_o may_v with_o boldness_n deliver_v my_o opinion_n of_o both_o time_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o mind_n of_o such_o young_a person_n as_o shall_v peruse_v my_o conception_n may_v be_v admonish_v to_o avoid_v those_o vice_n which_o be_v so_o prevalent_a now_o and_o prepare_v to_o imitate_v the_o virtue_n of_o our_o ancestor_n whenever_o occasion_n shall_v be_v offer_v for_o it_o be_v the_o office_n of_o a_o good_a man_n to_o recommend_v that_o to_o other_o people_n which_o he_o think_v for_o the_o interest_n and_o honour_n of_o his_o country_n though_o perhaps_o the_o adversity_n of_o his_o fortune_n and_o the_o malignity_n of_o the_o time_n will_v not_o suffer_v he_o to_o practice_v it_o himself_o that_o by_o his_o instruction_n so_o many_o at_o least_o some_o one_o may_v be_v so_o fortunate_a as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o follow_v he_o wherefore_o have_v in_o may_o first_o book_n do_v with_o what_o i_o propose_v about_o the_o original_a institution_n of_o government_n and_o what_o be_v in_o my_o judgement_n necessary_a to_o preserve_v they_o i_o shall_v now_o in_o this_o second_o discourse_n of_o what_o the_o roman_n do_v abroad_o for_o the_o enlargement_n and_o augmentation_n of_o their_o empire_n chap._n i._n whether_o the_o virtue_n or_o fortune_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o greatness_n of_o their_o empire_n many_o have_v think_v and_o plutarch_n a_o grave_a author_n among_o the_o rest_n that_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n where_o more_o behold_v to_o their_o fortune_n than_o virtue_n in_o the_o acquisition_n of_o their_o empire_n and_o among_o other_o reason_n he_o infer_v it_o from_o their_o own_o silent_a confession_n in_o have_v erect_v more_o temple_n to_o fortune_n than_o to_o any_o of_o their_o go_n livy_n seem_v to_o be_v likewise_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n for_o he_o seldom_o introduce_v a_o roman_a speak_v any_o thing_n of_o virtue_n but_o immediate_o it_o be_v follow_v with_o fortune_n with_o which_o nevertheless_o i_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n comply_v nor_o believe_v it_o will_v hold_v water_n for_o though_o no_o commonwealth_n be_v to_o be_v find_v that_o have_v make_v such_o progress_n as_o the_o roman_a why_o shall_v it_o be_v rather_o impute_v to_o their_o good_a fortune_n than_o the_o solid_a constitution_n of_o their_o law_n the_o courage_n of_o their_o army_n and_o the_o excellent_a conduct_n of_o their_o emperor_n extend_v their_o empire_n and_o then_o their_o own_o just_a measure_n and_o the_o wise_a institution_n of_o their_o first_o legislator_n preserve_v what_o they_o get_v as_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o more_o large_o discover_v it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o roman_n be_v never_o at_o one_o time_n involve_v in_o two_o considerable_a war_n which_o be_v impute_v rather_o to_o their_o fortune_n than_o wisdom_n for_o they_o have_v no_o quarrel_n with_o the_o latin_n till_o they_o have_v subdue_v the_o samnite_n and_o be_v force_v to_o make_v war_n in_o their_o defence_n they_o have_v no_o controversy_n with_o the_o tuscan_n till_o they_o have_v beat_v the_o latin_n and_o with_o their_o frequent_a victory_n almost_o extinguish_v the_o sabine_n whereas_o if_o two_o of_o these_o state_n have_v confederated_a and_o join_v their_o powerful_a army_n against_o they_o no_o doubt_n but_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o roman_n will_v have_v be_v in_o very_o great_a danger_n but_o be_v it_o as_o it_o will_v this_o be_v most_o certain_a they_o never_o have_v two_o great_a war_n upon_o their_o hand_n at_o a_o time_n but_o they_o begin_v one_o when_o they_o end_v the_o other_o or_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o second_o and_o this_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o series_n of_o their_o war_n for_o to_o pass_v by_o their_o quarrel_n before_o rome_n be_v take_v by_o the_o french_a whilst_o the_o aequi_n and_o volsci_n be_v powerful_a and_o strong_a they_o have_v no_o enemy_n but_o they_o when_o they_o be_v conquer_v their_o war_n break_v out_o with_o the_o samnite_n and_o though_o before_o that_o be_v perfect_o conclude_v the_o latin_n rebel_v yet_o before_o it_o can_v be_v bring_v to_o a_o war_n the_o samnite_n have_v make_v their_o peace_n and_o join_v their_o army_n with_o the_o roman_n to_o reduce_v the_o latini_n that_o war_n be_v finish_v the_o war_n with_o the_o samnite_n revive_v and_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o much_o mischief_n to_o the_o samnite_n after_o which_o the_o roman_n begin_v with_o the_o tuscan_n and_o that_o be_v compose_v the_o samnite_n break_v out_o again_o upon_o the_o passage_n of_o pyrrhus_n into_o italy_n who_o be_v repulse_v into_o greece_n they_o have_v opportunity_n for_o their_o war_n with_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o their_o first_o war_n with_o that_o state_n be_v no_o soon_o determine_v but_o the_o french_a and_o the_o inhabitant_n on_o this_o and_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o alps_o conspire_v so_o effectual_o against_o they_o that_o betwixt_o popolonia_n and_o pisa_n where_o the_o tower_n of_o st._n vincent_n be_v at_o this_o day_n to_o be_v see_v the_o confederate_n be_v rout_v with_o a_o very_a great_a slaughter_n this_o war_n be_v conclude_v for_o twenty_o year_n together_o they_o have_v no_o considerable_a war_n for_o they_o have_v no_o body_n to_o fight_v with_o but_o the_o ligures_n and_o the_o resict_v of_o those_o french_a who_o be_v remain_v in_o lombardy_n in_o this_o posture_n they_o continue_v till_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n which_o last_v 16_o year_n and_o perplex_v they_o exceed_o that_o war_n be_v end_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o honour_n their_o next_o enterprise_n be_v against_o the_o macedonian_n after_o which_o their_o war_n happen_v with_o antiochus_n in_o asia_n and_o when_o he_o be_v overcome_v there_o be_v not_o a_o prince_n or_o state_n in_o the_o whole_a world_n which_o by_o itself_o or_o conjunction_n with_o the_o rest_n be_v able_a to_o contend_v with_o the_o roman_n but_o before_o this_o last_o victory_n whoever_o consider_v the_o method_n of_o their_o war_n and_o their_o manner_n of_o proceed_v shall_v find_v great_a virtue_n and_o wisdom_n intermix_v with_o their_o good_a fortune_n so_o that_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o good_a fortune_n be_v easy_o discover_v for_o this_o be_v most_o certain_a when_o a_o prince_n or_o commonwealth_n arrive_v at_o that_o height_n of_o
reputation_n that_o no_o neighbour-prince_n or_o people_n dare_v venture_v to_o invade_v he_o unless_o compel_v by_o indispensible_a necessity_n he_o may_v do_v what_o he_o please_v it_o be_v in_o his_o election_n with_o who_o he_o will_v make_v war_n and_o with_o who_o he_o will_v be_v at_o peace_n for_o his_o neighbour_n be_v afraid_a of_o his_o power_n be_v glad_a to_o be_v his_o friend_n and_o those_o potentate_n who_o be_v far_a off_o and_o have_v no_o commerce_n with_o they_o look_v on_o as_o unconcern_v as_o if_o the_o consequence_n can_v have_v no_o reflection_n on_o they_o and_o in_o this_o error_n they_o do_v many_o time_n continue_v till_o the_o calamity_n be_v bring_v home_o to_o their_o own_o door_n and_o then_o when_o it_o be_v too_o late_a they_o have_v nothing_o but_o their_o own_o private_a force_n to_o oppose_v which_o be_v too_o weak_a when_o the_o enemy_n be_v grow_v so_o strong_a i_o will_v not_o enlarge_v upon_o the_o samnite_n nor_o recount_v how_o they_o stand_v still_o and_o look_v on_o while_o the_o roman_n conquer_v the_o aequi_n and_o the_o volsci_n but_o to_o avoid_v prolixity_n i_o shall_v pass_v to_o the_o carthaginian_n who_o be_v of_o great_a power_n and_o authority_n when_o the_o roman_n be_v at_o war_n both_o with_o the_o somnite_n and_o tuscan_n they_o have_v the_o command_n of_o all_o africa_a and_o be_v supreme_a in_o sicily_n sardinia_n and_o great_a part_n of_o spain_n blind_v with_o their_o power_n and_o as_o they_o think_v secure_a in_o their_o distance_n it_o never_o come_v into_o their_o head_n to_o invade_v they_o at_o that_o time_n or_o to_o give_v any_o assistance_n to_o the_o samnite_n or_o tuscan_n but_o according_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o world_n with_o thing_n that_o be_v new_a and_o increase_a they_o rather_o side_v with_o they_o and_o desire_v their_o friendship_n not_o so_o much_o as_o perceive_v their_o error_n till_o the_o roman_n have_v conquer_v all_o the_o intermediate_v state_n and_o begin_v to_o contend_v with_o they_o for_o the_o empire_n of_o sicily_n and_o spain_n and_o what_o happen_v to_o the_o carthaginian_n happen_v likewise_o to_o the_o french_a to_z philip_z of_o macedon_n and_o to_o antiochus_n each_o of_o they_o believe_v whilst_o the_o roman_n be_v employ_v in_o their_o war_n with_o other_o people_n that_o they_o will_v either_o be_v overcome_v or_o that_o they_o themselves_o shall_v have_v time_n enough_o to_o make_v peace_n or_o war_n with_o they_o as_o they_o see_v it_o most_o for_o their_o advantage_n so_o that_o consider_v what_o be_v good_a i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o same_o fortune_n and_o prosperity_n may_v be_v expect_v by_o any_o prince_n or_o state_n which_o exercise_v the_o same_o virtue_n and_o industry_n as_o the_o roman_n have_v do_v before_o they_o and_o here_o we_o may_v very_o proper_o discourse_v of_o the_o roman_a method_n in_o the_o invasion_n of_o other_o province_n but_o we_o have_v do_v that_o at_o large_a in_o our_o treatise_n call_v the_o prince_n yet_o this_o i_o shall_v say_v in_o short_a that_o the_o roman_n make_v always_o sure_a of_o some_o friend_n or_o other_o in_o the_o province_n against_o which_o they_o design_v that_o may_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o admit_v they_o and_o give_v they_o entrance_n and_o help_v afterward_o to_o keep_v what_o they_o have_v be_v instrumental_a in_o get_v so_o by_o intelligence_n with_o the_o capuan_n they_o invade_v samnium_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o camertine_n they_o get_v into_o tuscany_n by_o the_o mamertine_n into_o sicily_n by_o the_o saguntines_n into_o spain_n massinissa_n give_v they_o entrance_n into_o africa_n the_o etoli_n into_o greece_n eumenes_n and_o other_o prince_n into_o asia_n and_o the_o massilienses_n and_o hedai_n into_o france_n and_o as_o by_o their_o correspondence_n they_o conquer_v most_o of_o those_o country_n so_o by_o their_o interest_n they_o preserve_v they_o which_o way_n if_o diligent_o observe_v by_o other_o people_n it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o their_o prosperity_n depend_v less_o upon_o fortune_n than_o those_o state_n who_o observe_v not_o that_o course_n but_o to_o illustrate_v what_o we_o have_v say_v and_o make_v it_o so_o plain_a and_o perspicuous_a that_o every_o one_o may_v see_v how_o much_o more_o their_o virtue_n than_o their_o fortune_n contribute_v to_o their_o empire_n in_o our_o next_o chapter_n we_o will_v consider_v what_o those_o people_n be_v who_o the_o roman_n subdue_v and_o with_o what_o obstinacy_n they_o defend_v their_o liberty_n chap._n ii_o with_o what_o nation_n the_o roman_n contend_v and_o with_o what_o obstinancy_n those_o nation_n resist_v nothing_o make_v it_o so_o difficult_a for_o the_o roman_n to_o conquer_v their_o neighbour_n and_o some_o other_o remote_a province_n as_o the_o love_n which_o the_o people_n of_o those_o time_n do_v bear_v to_o their_o liberty_n for_o in_o defence_n of_o that_o they_o be_v so_o indefatigable_o studious_a that_o nothing_o but_o singular_a and_o extraordinary_a virtue_n can_v have_v subdue_v they_o and_o this_o be_v demonstrable_a by_o the_o many_o and_o great_a danger_n to_o which_o they_o expose_v themselves_o sometime_o to_o preserve_v and_o sometime_o to_o recover_v it_o as_o also_o by_o the_o severity_n of_o their_o revenge_n upon_o those_o who_o have_v usurp_v it_o it_o be_v evident_a likewise_o in_o history_n what_o detriment_n the_o people_n and_o city_n have_v suffer_v whilst_o they_o be_v in_o servitude_n and_o subjection_n and_o whereas_o now_o a-days_o there_o be_v but_o one_o province_n which_o can_v boast_v of_o free_a city_n in_o ancient_a time_n there_o be_v not_o one_o province_n but_o have_v plenty_n in_o italy_n from_o the_o alps_o which_o divide_v tuscany_n and_o lombardy_n to_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o that_o country_n there_o be_v many_o free_a state_n as_o the_o tuscan_n the_o roman_n the_o samnite_n and_o other_o nor_o be_v there_o mention_n of_o any_o king_n but_o what_o reign_v in_o rome_n beside_o porsena_n king_n of_o tuscany_n the_o extinction_n of_o who_o line_n though_o not_o set_v down_o in_o history_n yet_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o tuscany_n be_v free_a at_o the_o time_n when_o the_o roman_n encamp_v before_o veii_n so_o well_o satisfy_v with_o their_o liberty_n and_o so_o abhor_v from_o the_o very_a name_n of_o a_o king_n that_o the_o veientes_n have_v for_o their_o better_a defence_n create_v one_o in_o their_o own_o town_n and_o send_v to_o the_o tuscan_n to_o implore_v their_o assistance_n against_o the_o roman_n after_o a_o grave_n and_o solemn_a debate_n it_o be_v resolve_v no_o assistance_n shall_v be_v send_v whilst_o they_o be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o a_o king_n as_o think_v it_o unfit_a to_o engage_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o a_o country_n that_o have_v betray_v itself_o and_o prostitute_v to_o the_o dominion_n of_o a_o single_a person_n nor_o be_v this_o universal_a affection_n to_o liberty_n so_o wonderful_a in_o the_o people_n experience_n tell_v we_o that_o no_o city_n have_v augment_v their_o revenue_n or_o enlarge_v their_o territory_n but_o whilst_o they_o be_v free_a and_o at_o liberty_n and_o certain_o it_o be_v a_o prodigious_a thing_n to_o consider_v to_o what_o height_n and_o grandeur_n in_o a_o hundred_o year_n time_n the_o city_n of_o athens_n arrive_v after_o it_o have_v free_v itself_o from_o the_o tyranny_n of_o pisistrate_n but_o much_o more_o to_o consider_v the_o greatness_n of_o rome_n upon_o the_o expulsion_n of_o her_o king_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o all_o be_v because_o in_o commonwealth_n private_a wealth_n and_o emolument_fw-fr be_v not_o so_o much_o aim_v at_o as_o the_o improvement_n of_o the_o public_a nor_o be_v there_o any_o where_o so_o much_o care_n of_o the_o public_a as_o in_o free_a state_n where_o whatever_o be_v equitable_a and_o for_o the_o common_a advantage_n be_v decree_v and_o execute_v without_o respect_n to_o particular_a person_n who_o may_v perhaps_o be_v sufferer_n thereby_o whereas_o in_o city_n that_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o prince_n it_o fall_v out_o quite_o contrary_a for_o there_o what_o make_v common_o for_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v prejudice_n to_o the_o public_a so_o that_o when_o a_o free-state_n degenerate_v into_o a_o tyranny_n the_o least_o mischief_n that_o it_o can_v expect_v be_v to_o make_v no_o further_o advancement_n in_o its_o empire_n and_o no_o far_o increase_v either_o in_o riches_n or_o power_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o go_v backward_o and_o decline_v and_o if_o it_o shall_v so_o happen_v that_o the_o tyrant_n shall_v be_v a_o virtuous_a man_n and_o one_o who_o by_o his_o courage_n and_o military_a discipline_n shall_v enlarge_v his_o dominion_n yet_o whatever_o he_o take_v will_v be_v convert_v to_o his_o own_o private_a use_n without_o any_o benefit_n to_o the_o public_a for_o he_o dare_v not_o advance_v any_o of_o those_o citizen_n
dispatch_v in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o whoever_o consider_v their_o war_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o rome_n to_o the_o siege_n of_o the_o veientes_n will_v find_v that_o they_o be_v determine_v in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n some_o in_o six_o some_o in_o ten_o and_o some_o in_o twenty_o day_n for_o their_o custom_n be_v upon_o the_o first_o appearance_n of_o a_o war_n immediate_o to_o draw_v out_o their_o army_n and_o seek_v out_o the_o enemy_n they_o do_v what_o they_o can_v to_o bring_v he_o to_o a_o battle_n have_v beat_v he_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o surprise_n the_o enemy_n that_o his_o country_n may_v not_o whole_o be_v harrass_v for_o the_o most_o part_n propose_v a_o agreement_n in_o which_o the_o roman_n be_v sure_a to_o insist_v upon_o some_o part_n of_o their_o territory_n which_o either_o they_o convert_v to_o their_o particular_a profit_n or_o consign_v to_o some_o colony_n which_o be_v to_o be_v place_v there_o for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o frontier_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o war_n be_v end_v in_o a_o short_a time_n their_o conquest_n be_v keep_v without_o any_o considerable_a expense_n for_o the_o colony_n have_v that_o country_n for_o their_o pay_n and_o the_o roman_n have_v their_o colony_n for_o their_o security_n nor_o can_v there_o be_v any_o way_n more_o advantageous_a and_o safe_a for_o whilst_o there_o be_v no_o enemy_n in_o the_o field_n those_o guard_n be_v sufficient_a and_o when_o any_o army_n be_v set_v out_o to_o disturb_v they_o the_o roman_n be_v always_o ready_a with_o another_o in_o their_o defence_n and_o have_v fight_v they_o they_o common_o prevail_v force_v they_o to_o hard_a condition_n and_o return_v when_o they_o have_v do_v by_o which_o mean_n they_o gain_v daily_o upon_o the_o enemy_n and_o grow_v more_o powerful_a at_o home_n and_o in_o this_o manner_n they_o proceed_v till_o their_o leaguer_n before_o veii_n where_o they_o alter_v their_o method_n and_o allow_v pay_v to_o their_o soldier_n for_o the_o better_a continuation_n of_o the_o war_n whereas_o before_o that_o their_o war_n be_v short_a there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o pay_v their_o army_n nevertheless_o though_o they_o pay_v their_o soldier_n from_o that_o time_n and_o maintain_v war_n at_o great_a distance_n whereby_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o continue_v long_o in_o the_o field_n yet_o they_o leave_v not_o their_o old_a custom_n of_o dispatch_v it_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o can_v with_o respect_n to_o the_o circumstance_n of_o place_n and_o time_n for_o which_o reason_n they_o continue_v their_o colony_n and_o beside_o their_o old_a custom_n of_o shorten_v their_o war_n as_o much_o as_o they_o be_v able_a the_o ambition_n of_o their_o consul_n contribute_v exceed_o for_o their_o consulship_n be_v but_o for_o a_o year_n and_o six_o month_n of_o that_o to_o be_v spend_v in_o their_o employment_n at_o home_n they_o be_v as_o diligent_a and_o vigorous_a as_o possible_a because_o they_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o triumph_v till_o the_o war_n be_v conclude_v and_o then_o for_o continue_v their_o colony_n the_o great_a advantage_n and_o convenience_n that_o result_v from_o they_o be_v sufficient_a to_o prevail_v this_o practice_n therefore_o be_v observe_v perpetual_o among_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o management_n of_o their_o war_n only_o they_o vary_v something_o about_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o prey_n in_o which_o former_o they_o be_v more_o liberal_a than_o in_o aftertime_n either_o because_o they_o think_v it_o not_o so_o necessary_a when_o the_o soldier_n be_v pay_v or_o else_o because_o their_o spoil_n be_v great_a than_o before_o they_o think_v convenient_a that_o the_o public_a shall_v have_v its_o share_n that_o upon_o any_o new_a enterprise_n they_o may_v not_o be_v constrain_v to_o lay_v new_a tax_n upon_o the_o people_n and_o by_o this_o way_n their_o coffer_n be_v fill_v in_o a_o short_a time_n so_o that_o by_o these_o two_o way_n by_o the_o distribution_n of_o their_o prey_n and_o the_o settle_n of_o colony_n rome_n grow_v rich_a by_o its_o war_n whereas_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n without_o great_a discretion_n grow_v poor_a and_o so_o great_a be_v every_o man_n ambition_n of_o enrich_v the_o aerarium_fw-la that_o by_o degree_n it_o come_v to_o that_o pass_n no_o consul_n be_v permit_v to_o triumph_v unless_o he_o return_v with_o a_o vast_a quantity_n of_o silver_n or_o gold_n or_o some_o other_o inestimable_a commodity_n and_o put_v it_o into_o the_o treasury_n so_o that_o the_o design_n of_o the_o roman_n tend_v whole_o to_o this_o to_o finish_v the_o war_n quick_o by_o force_v the_o enemy_n to_o a_o battle_n or_o else_o to_o harrass_n and_o tire_v they_o with_o frequent_a excursion_n that_o thereby_o compel_v they_o to_o dishonourable_a condition_n they_o may_v make_v their_o advantage_n and_o become_v more_o powerful_a and_o rich_a chap._n vii_o what_o proportion_n of_o land_n the_o roman_n allow_v to_o every_o man_n in_o their_o colony_n i_o think_v it_o no_o easy_a matter_n to_o set_v down_o the_o exact_a proportion_n of_o land_n which_o the_o roman_n assign_v to_o every_o single_a person_n in_o their_o colony_n for_o i_o believe_v they_o give_v more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o barrenness_n or_o fertility_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o that_o in_o all_o place_n they_o be_v spare_v enough_o and_o the_o first_o reason_n that_o induce_v i_o be_v that_o thereby_o they_o may_v send_v more_o man_n and_o by_o consequence_n their_o frontier_n be_v better_a guard_v another_o be_v because_o live_v at_o home_n indigent_a themselves_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v suppose_v they_o will_v suffer_v those_o who_o they_o send_v abroad_o to_o grow_v too_o opulent_a and_o rich_a and_o in_o this_o i'am_n much_o confirm_v by_o livy_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o upon_o the_o take_n of_o veii_n the_o roman_n send_v a_o colony_n thither_o and_o in_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o land_n allot_v every_o man_n no_o more_o than_o three_o acre_n and_o a_o little_a more_o according_a to_o our_o measure_n they_o may_v consider_v likewise_o that_o their_o want_n will_v not_o be_v supply_v by_o the_o quantity_n so_o much_o as_o the_o improvement_n and_o cultivation_n of_o their_o land_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o doubt_v but_o they_o have_v public_a pasture_n and_o wood_n to_o sustain_v their_o cattle_n and_o supply_v themselves_o with_o fire_v without_o which_o a_o colony_n can_v hardly_o subsist_v chap._n viii_o what_o it_o be_v that_o dispose_v some_o people_n to_o leave_v their_o native_a country_n to_o dispossess_v other_o people_n see_v i_o have_v speak_v already_o of_o the_o military_a discipline_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o how_o the_o tuscan_n be_v invade_v by_o the_o french_a it_o follow_v proper_o enough_o that_o we_o say_v something_o of_o their_o several_a kind_n of_o war_n which_o be_v two_o one_o sort_n of_o commence_v upon_o the_o ambition_n of_o some_o prince_n or_o commonwealth_n in_o hope_n to_o extend_v and_o enlarge_v his_o empire_n as_o those_o war_n which_o be_v make_v by_o alexander_n the_o great_a by_o the_o roman_n and_o by_o one_o prince_n against_o another_o which_o war_n though_o dangerous_a be_v not_o yet_o so_o pernicious_a as_o to_o supplant_v the_o inhabitant_n and_o drive_v they_o out_o of_o their_o country_n for_o the_o conqueror_n content_v himself_o with_o his_o victory_n and_o the_o submission_n of_o the_o people_n allow_v they_o their_o own_o law_n and_o many_o time_n their_o estate_n the_o other_o kind_n of_o war_n be_v much_o more_o dangerous_a and_o destructive_a and_o that_o be_v when_o a_o entire_a nation_n with_o their_o wife_n and_o their_o child_n compel_v either_o by_o hunger_n or_o war_n leave_v its_o own_o country_n to_o fix_v themselves_o somewhere_o else_o not_o to_o extend_v their_o dominion_n or_o exercise_v any_o authority_n as_o in_o the_o other_o but_o to_o kill_v or_o expel_v all_o the_o native_n and_o possess_v themselves_o of_o their_o estate_n this_o war_n indeed_o be_v most_o bloody_a and_o dreadful_a as_o sallust_n show_v very_o well_o in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o bellum_fw-la jugurthinum_fw-la where_o after_o jugurtha_n be_v beat_v speak_v of_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o gaul_n he_o tell_v we_o cum_fw-la caeteris_fw-la gentibus_fw-la a_o populo_fw-la romano_n de_fw-la imperio_fw-la tantum_fw-la fuisse_fw-la dimicatum_fw-la cum_fw-la gallis_fw-la de_fw-la singulorum_fw-la hominum_fw-la salute_v with_o other_o nation_n the_o roman_n fight_v only_o for_o empire_n and_o dominion_n with_o the_o gaul_n they_o fight_v for_o their_o country_n and_o life_n for_o when_o a_o prince_n or_o commonwealth_n invade_v a_o country_n according_a to_o the_o first_o way_n it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o those_o who_o be_v at_o the_o helm_n be_v remove_v or_o destroy_v in_o this_o every_o man_n life_n be_v in_o danger_n for_o when_o a_o whole_a nation_n transplant_v and_o invade_v a_o new_a province_n not_o
only_o the_o colony_n but_o the_o native_n must_v be_v extinguish_v that_o they_o may_v fix_v themselves_o upon_o their_o land_n and_o possess_v themselves_o of_o their_o good_n and_o by_o these_o kind_n of_o people_n the_o roman_n be_v three_o time_n invade_v first_o by_o the_o gaul_n who_o take_v rome_n and_o as_o i_o say_v before_o drive_v the_o tuscan_n out_o of_o lombardy_n of_o which_o invasion_n titus_n livius_n give_v two_o reason_n one_o be_v the_o pleasantness_n of_o the_o country_n and_o the_o delicacy_n of_o the_o wine_n wherewith_o be_v then_o but_o ill_o provide_v in_o france_n they_o be_v infinite_o take_v the_o other_o be_v the_o country_n be_v grow_v so_o exceed_o populous_a that_o it_o be_v not_o able_a to_o sustain_v its_o own_o native_n whereupon_o the_o prince_n of_o those_o part_n judge_v it_o necessary_a to_o find_v they_o new_a quarter_n they_o appoint_v which_o be_v to_o transplant_v and_o put_v bellovesus_n and_o sicovesus_fw-la two_o french_a prince_n at_o the_o head_n of_o they_o they_o send_v one_o part_n of_o they_o into_o italy_n and_o the_o other_o into_o spain_n it_o be_v bellovesus_n lot_n to_o invade_v italy_n and_o he_o do_v it_o so_o effectual_o that_o he_o possess_v himself_o of_o all_o lombardy_n and_o make_v the_o first_o war_n upon_o the_o roman_n that_o be_v ever_o make_v upon_o they_o by_o the_o french_a the_o second_o time_n they_o be_v invade_v in_o this_o manner_n be_v likewise_o by_o the_o french_a and_o it_o be_v after_o the_o first_o punic_n war_n in_o which_o invasion_n the_o gaul_n lose_v above_o 200000_o man_n betwixt_o pisa_n and_o piombino_n the_o three_o and_o last_o be_v by_o the_o german_n and_o cimbrian_o who_o have_v defeat_v several_a army_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v at_o last_v themselves_o defeat_v by_o marius_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v observe_v the_o great_a courage_n and_o constancy_n of_o the_o roman_n of_o old_a that_o can_v not_o only_o bear_v up_o against_o three_o such_o dangerous_a invasion_n but_o overcome_v they_o at_o last_o whereas_o afterward_o their_o courage_n begin_v to_o fail_v and_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o inundation_n of_o those_o barbarian_n for_o when_o the_o goth_n and_o the_o vandal_n invade_v they_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o whole_a western_a empire_n without_o any_o considerable_a opposition_n the_o reason_n which_o move_v these_o nation_n to_o transmigrate_v as_o i_o say_v before_o be_v necessity_n and_o that_o necessity_n proceed_v either_o from_o famine_n or_o from_o war_n and_o disturbance_n at_o home_n and_o when_o they_o undertake_v these_o expedition_n with_o vast_a and_o innumerable_a number_n they_o invade_v with_o irresistible_a violence_n put_v all_o the_o native_n to_o the_o sword_n possess_v themselves_o of_o their_o estate_n establish_v a_o new_a kingdom_n and_o change_v the_o very_a name_n of_o the_o province_n as_o moses_n do_v of_o old_a and_o the_o barbarian_n since_o who_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o roman_a empire_n from_o hence_o be_v all_o the_o new_a name_n in_o italy_n and_o elsewhere_o impose_v by_o their_o several_a conqueror_n lombardy_n be_v call_v ancient_o gallia_n cisalpina_n francia_n from_o the_o frank_n be_v call_v ancient_o gallia_n trans_fw-la alpina_n sclavonia_n be_v call_v illyria_n hungaria_n pannonia_n anglia_fw-it britannta_fw-it moses_n give_v the_o name_n of_o judea_n to_o that_o part_n of_o syria_n which_o he_o conquer_v and_o many_o other_o country_n have_v change_v their_o name_n upon_o the_o same_o occasion_n which_o will_v be_v too_o long_o to_o recount_v and_o because_o i_o have_v say_v before_o that_o sometime_o these_o kind_n of_o people_n be_v force_v out_o of_o their_o country_n by_o intestine_a trouble_n and_o disturbance_n i_o shall_v present_v you_o with_o one_o example_n of_o the_o maurusian_o a_o ancient_a people_n of_o syria_n who_o foresee_v the_o invasion_n of_o the_o hebrew_n and_o know_v themselves_o unable_a to_o oppose_v they_o think_v it_o more_o wisdom_n to_o forsake_v their_o country_n betimes_o and_o preserve_v themselves_o than_o to_o expect_v their_o come_n and_o lose_v both_o whereupon_o they_o pack_v up_o their_o good_n and_o with_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n remove_v into_o africa_n where_o they_o drive_v out_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o settle_v in_o their_o country_n so_o that_o they_o who_o be_v too_o weak_a to_o defend_v their_o own_o province_n be_v strong_a enough_o to_o force_v out_o another_o people_n to_o this_o purpose_n prooopius_fw-la who_o write_v the_o war_n of_o bellisarius_fw-la against_o the_o vandal_n who_o have_v settle_v themselves_o in_o africa_n tell_v we_o that_o upon_o certain_a pillar_n in_o the_o house_n where_o these_o maurusian_o have_v live_v he_o himself_o read_v these_o word_n nos_fw-la maurusii_fw-la qui_fw-la fugimus_fw-la a_o fancy_n jesu_fw-la latronis_fw-la silij_fw-la navae_fw-la we_o maurisians_n flee_v hither_o from_o jesus_n the_o usurper_n who_o be_v the_o son_n of_o navi_fw-la by_o which_o we_o may_v perceive_v the_o occasion_n of_o their_o departure_n out_o of_o syria_n and_o certain_o these_o nation_n force_v out_o of_o their_o own_o country_n by_o irresistible_a necessity_n be_v more_o than_o ordinary_o dreadful_a and_o not_o to_o be_v oppose_v but_o by_o a_o potent_a and_o well_o discipline_v people_n but_o when_o they_o move_v in_o small_a number_n their_o danger_n be_v not_o so_o great_a because_o they_o dare_v not_o use_v that_o violence_n but_o be_v put_v to_o their_o wit_n and_o to_o possess_v themselves_o of_o some_o quarter_n by_o cunning_a and_o insinuation_n which_o they_o be_v to_o keep_v afterward_o by_o way_n of_o amity_n and_o friendship_n as_o aeneas_n do_v and_o dido_n the_o massilian_n and_o other_o who_o by_o the_o assistance_n and_o friendship_n of_o their_o neighbour_n make_v good_a what_o they_o have_v possess_v but_o the_o people_n that_o come_v out_o of_o their_o own_o country_n the_o most_o numerous_a and_o strong_a be_v the_o scythian_n for_o their_o country_n be_v barren_a and_o cold_a and_o the_o native_n too_o numerous_a to_o be_v sustain_v in_o it_o they_o be_v force_v abroad_o as_o have_v nothing_o to_o preserve_v they_o at_o home_n and_o if_o now_o for_o five_o hundred_o year_n and_o upward_o we_o have_v not_o hear_v of_o any_o such_o transmigration_n i_o conceive_v the_o reason_n may_v be_v several_a the_o first_o may_v be_v the_o great_a evacuation_n in_o those_o country_n from_o whence_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v invade_v a_o second_o may_v be_v because_o germany_n and_o hungaria_n from_o whence_o those_o inundation_n come_v be_v better_o cultivate_v and_o improve_v so_o as_o they_o can_v live_v plentiful_o at_o home_n without_o ramble_v abroad_o another_o reason_n may_v be_v that_o the_o german_n pole_n cimbrian_n and_o other_o nation_n which_o border_n upon_o the_o scythian_n be_v martial_a people_n and_o continual_o at_o war_n with_o they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o bulwark_n to_o these_o part_n and_o keep_v the_o scythian_n from_o all_o new_a invasion_n the_o tartar_n likewise_o have_v be_v many_o time_n upon_o their_o march_n with_o very_o great_a army_n but_o they_o have_v be_v always_o encounter_v and_o repulse_v by_o the_o pole_n and_o hungarian_n which_o have_v give_v they_o occasion_n frequent_o to_o boast_v that_o be_v it_o not_o for_o their_o arm_n and_o resistance_n not_o only_a italy_n but_o the_o very_a roman_a church_n have_v be_v many_o time_n sensible_a of_o the_o barbarity_n of_o the_o tartar_n chap._n ix_o what_o those_o occasion_n be_v which_o do_v most_o common_o create_v war_n among_o prince_n the_o occasion_n of_o the_o war_n betwixt_o the_o samnite_n and_o the_o roman_n who_o have_v be_v a_o long_a time_n in_o league_n together_o be_v the_o common_a cause_n betwixt_o all_o prince_n and_o government_n and_o be_v either_o fortuitous_a or_o design_v the_o war_n betwixt_o the_o samnite_n and_o the_o roman_n be_v fortuitous_a for_o when_o the_o samnite_n make_v war_n upon_o the_o sidicin_n and_o afterward_o upon_o the_o campani_a they_o intend_v not_o any_o controversy_n with_o the_o roman_n but_o the_o campani_a be_v beat_v and_o betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o roman_n for_o relief_n contrary_a to_o the_o expectation_n both_o of_o the_o roman_n and_o samnite_n the_o roman_n be_v in_o league_n with_o the_o samnite_n can_v not_o without_o violence_n to_o the_o say_a league_n give_v they_o protection_n upon_o which_o have_v no_o other_o way_n to_o secure_v themselves_o the_o campani_a submit_v to_o the_o roman_n and_o make_v themselves_o their_o subject_n and_o the_o roman_n how_o unjust_a soever_o they_o think_v it_o before_o to_o assist_v the_o campani_a whilst_o they_o be_v but_o associate_n against_o the_o samnite_n their_o old_a friend_n yet_o now_o they_o be_v become_v their_o subject_n and_o have_v incorporate_v with_o their_o state_n the_o case_n be_v alter_v and_o they_o think_v it_o very_o reasonable_a suppose_v that_o if_o they_o shall_v
the_o heaven_n have_v upon_o human_a affair_n titus_n livius_n have_v discourse_v of_o it_o large_o and_o efficacious_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o star_n to_o make_v we_o sensible_a of_o their_o power_n first_o dispose_v the_o say_a fabii_n who_o be_v send_v ambassador_n to_o the_o french_a to_o fight_v as_o abovesaid_a to_o the_o end_n that_o upon_o that_o occasion_n they_o may_v make_v war_n upon_o rome_n in_o the_o next_o place_n they_o besot_v the_o roman_n so_o as_o they_o do_v nothing_o worthy_a of_o the_o name_n of_o roman_n in_o order_n to_o their_o defence_n have_v banish_v camillus_n the_o only_a person_n capable_a of_o stand_v they_o in_o stead_n to_o ardea_n again_o when_o the_o french_a be_v upon_o their_o march_n towards_o rome_n those_o who_o to_o repel_v the_o inroad_n of_o the_o volsci_n and_o other_o border_a enemy_n have_v make_v dictator_n many_a time_n and_o with_o very_o good_a success_n make_v none_o upon_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o french_a they_o be_v so_o slow_a likewise_o and_o so_o remiss_a in_o the_o raise_n of_o man_n and_o so_o tedious_a in_o furnish_v they_o with_o arm_n that_o they_o can_v scarce_o draw_v out_o any_o considerable_a force_n against_o they_o till_o the_o enemy_n be_v as_o far_o as_o the_o river_n allia_n which_o be_v within_o ten_o mile_n of_o rome_n and_o when_o their_o army_n be_v come_v thither_o it_o be_v not_o encamp_v by_o the_o tribune_n with_o the_o usual_a diligence_n and_o discretion_n they_o have_v neither_o choose_v a_o good_a place_n nor_o draw_v their_o line_n nor_o fortify_v themselves_o with_o trench_n nor_o stoccado_n as_o former_o nor_o do_v any_o thing_n for_o their_o security_n either_o humane_a or_o divine_a when_o they_o come_v to_o fight_v they_o draw_v up_o their_o man_n so_o awkward_o and_o untoward_o that_o neither_o soldier_n nor_o officer_n do_v any_o thing_n worthy_a of_o the_o discipline_n of_o the_o roman_n so_o that_o the_o battle_n be_v lose_v without_o any_o effusion_n of_o blood_n the_o roman_n run_v at_o the_o very_a first_o charge_n the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o to_o veii_n the_o rest_n to_o rome_n and_o in_o such_o consternation_n that_o they_o flee_v direct_o to_o the_o capitol_n before_o they_o go_v home_o to_o their_o house_n so_o that_o the_o senate_n without_o so_o much_o as_o think_v to_o defend_v their_o city_n any_o more_o than_o the_o rest_n never_o cause_v the_o gate_n to_o be_v shut_v but_o part_n of_o they_o flee_v away_o and_o part_n into_o the_o capitol_n there_o it_o be_v true_a they_o begin_v to_o observe_v better_a order_n than_o before_o and_o manage_v thing_n with_o less_o confusion_n they_o discharge_v all_o those_o that_o be_v unserviceable_a and_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o what_o provision_n they_o can_v get_v that_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o hold_v out_o the_o great_a part_n of_o those_o useless_a people_n which_o be_v turn_v out_o of_o the_o capitol_n as_o old_a man_n woman_n and_o child_n flee_v into_o the_o neighbour_a city_n the_o rest_n continue_v in_o rome_n and_o be_v a_o prey_n to_o the_o french_a so_o that_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v have_v read_v their_o exploit_n in_o former_a time_n and_o compare_v they_o with_o their_o action_n then_o he_o will_v not_o have_v believe_v they_o to_o be_v the_o same_o people_n and_o titus_n livius_n give_v the_o reason_n after_o he_o have_v describe_v all_o the_o disorder_n aforesaid_a in_o these_o word_n adeo_fw-la obcaecat_fw-la animos_fw-la fortuna_fw-la cum_fw-la vim_o svam_fw-la ingruentem_fw-la refringi_fw-la non_fw-la vult_fw-la so_o strange_o do_v fortune_n blind_a other_o people_n when_o she_o will_v not_o be_v obstruct_v in_o her_o design_n and_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o more_o true_a wherefore_o man_n be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o be_v blame_v or_o commend_v for_o their_o adversity_n or_o prosperity_n for_o it_o be_v frequent_o see_v some_o be_v hurry_v to_o ruin_n and_o other_o advance_v to_o great_a honour_n by_o the_o swing_n and_o impulse_n of_o their_o fate_n wisdom_n avail_v little_a against_o the_o misfortune_n of_o the_o one_o and_o folly_n as_o little_a against_o the_o felicity_n of_o the_o other_o when_o fortune_n design_v any_o great_a matter_n she_o make_v choice_n of_o some_o man_n of_o such_o courage_n and_o part_n as_o be_v able_a to_o discern_v when_o she_o present_v he_o with_o a_o occasion_n and_o so_o on_o the_o otherside_n when_o she_o intend_v any_o great_a destruction_n she_o have_v her_o instrument_n ready_a to_o push_v on_o the_o wheel_n and_o assist_v to_o her_o design_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o man_n capable_a of_o obstruct_v they_o in_o the_o least_o she_o either_o rid_v he_o out_o of_o the_o way_n or_o deprive_v he_o of_o all_o authority_n and_o leave_v he_o without_o any_o faculty_n to_o do_v good_a and_o this_o be_v abundant_o clear_v by_o this_o place_n where_o fortune_n to_o amplify_v rome_n and_o bring_v it_o to_o that_o grandeur_n to_o which_o it_o arrive_v afterward_o think_v fit_a to_o debase_v it_o as_o we_o shall_v show_v at_o large_a in_o the_o begin_n of_o our_o three_o book_n but_o will_v not_o utter_o destroy_v it_o for_o which_o reason_n though_o she_o permit_v camillus_n to_o be_v banish_v she_o will_v not_o suffer_v he_o to_o be_v kill_v though_o she_o let_v rome_n be_v take_v she_o preserve_v the_o capitol_n though_o she_o intimidate_v the_o roman_n and_o will_v suffer_v they_o to_o do_v nothing_o wise_o for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o city_n yet_o she_o leave_v they_o so_o much_o wisdom_n as_o secure_v the_o capitol_n that_o rome_n may_v be_v take_v she_o cause_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o army_n that_o be_v defeat_v upon_o the_o allia_n to_o retire_v to_o veii_n thereby_o cut_v off_o all_o way_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o rome_n but_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o her_o career_n when_o she_o seem_v in_o such_o haste_n and_o so_o impatient_a of_o its_o destruction_n she_o prepare_v every_o thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o its_o preservation_n have_v convey_v a_o good_a army_n to_o veii_n and_o camillus_n to_o ardea_n that_o once_o again_o they_o may_v make_v head_n under_o a_o general_n who_o reputation_n be_v never_o sully_v with_o the_o ignominy_n of_o such_o a_o loss_n but_o stand_v clear_a and_o entire_a for_o the_o recovery_n of_o his_o country_n and_o here_o we_o may_v bring_v store_n of_o modern_a example_n to_o prove_v what_o be_v say_v be_v not_o this_o sufficient_a without_o they_o yet_o this_o i_o shall_v assert_v again_o and_o by_o the_o occurrence_n in_o all_o history_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o true_a that_o man_n may_v second_v their_o fortune_n not_o resist_v it_o and_o follow_v the_o order_n of_o her_o design_n but_o by_o no_o mean_n defeat_v they_o nevertheless_o man_n be_v not_o whole_o to_o abandon_v themselves_o because_o they_o know_v not_o her_o end_n for_o her_o way_n be_v unknown_a and_o irregular_a may_v possible_o be_v at_o last_o for_o our_o good_a so_o that_o we_o be_v always_o to_o hope_v the_o best_a and_o that_o hope_n be_v to_o preserve_v we_o in_o whatever_o trouble_n or_o distress_n we_o shall_v fall_v chap._n xxx_o prince_n and_o republic_n that_o be_v true_o magnificent_a do_v not_o make_v their_o league_n and_o alliance_n with_o money_n but_o by_o their_o virtue_n reputation_n and_o force_n the_o roman_n be_v besiege_v in_o the_o capitol_n and_o though_o they_o be_v in_o expectation_n of_o relief_n from_o vâ—ii_n and_o camillus_n yet_o famine_n constrain_a they_o they_o propose_v a_o parley_n with_o the_o french_a and_o be_v to_o pay_v a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n for_o their_o liberty_n the_o article_n be_v sign_v all_o thing_n conclude_v and_o commissioner_n send_v in_o to_o receive_v the_o money_n when_o on_o a_o sudden_a camillus_n appear_v with_o his_o army_n as_o if_o fortune_n have_v do_v it_o say_v livy_n ut_fw-la romani_fw-la auro_fw-la redempti_fw-la non_fw-la viverent_fw-la that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v say_v the_o roman_n have_v ever_o be_v ransom_v which_o point_n be_v not_o only_o observable_a in_o this_o place_n but_o in_o the_o whole_a progress_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o that_o commonwealth_n where_o it_o may_v be_v see_v that_o they_o never_o get_v town_n nor_o never_o make_v peace_n with_o their_o money_n whatever_o they_o do_v be_v brave_o and_o with_o their_o arm_n which_o i_o think_v be_v more_o than_o can_v be_v say_v of_o any_o other_o state_n in_o the_o world_n one_o of_o the_o great_a mark_n of_o the_o puissance_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n be_v the_o manner_n of_o her_o live_n with_o her_o neighbour_n when_o thing_n be_v so_o manage_v in_o a_o government_n that_o the_o neighbour_n purchase_v its_o amity_n and_o make_v themselves_o its_o pensioner_n it_o be_v a_o certain_a sign_n of_o the_o potency_n of_o that_o government_n but_o when_o the_o neighbour_n on_o the_o
abate_v much_o of_o your_o credit_n and_o be_v a_o great_a prejudice_n to_o you_o so_o that_o it_o will_v be_v with_o you_o as_o it_o be_v then_o with_o the_o french_a a_o trifle_a loss_n will_v endanger_v the_o whole_a war_n philip_n of_o macedon_n the_o father_n of_o perseus_n a_o martial_a prince_n and_o of_o great_a reputation_n in_o his_o time_n be_v invade_v by_o the_o roman_n quit_v and_o destroy_v a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o country_n which_o he_o suppose_v he_o shall_v be_v unable_a to_o defend_v as_o judge_v it_o better_o and_o more_o consistent_a with_o his_o honour_n to_o suffer_v it_o to_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o enemy_n as_o waste_v and_o neglect_a than_o to_o undertake_v and_o not_o be_v able_a to_o defend_v it_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v in_o a_o very_a ill_a condition_n after_o the_o battle_n at_o cannae_n they_o refuse_v their_o assistance_n to_o several_a of_o their_o friend_n and_o ally_n give_v they_o leave_v to_o defend_v themselves_o if_o they_o can_v which_o resolution_n be_v much_o better_a than_o to_o attempt_v to_o defend_v that_o which_o be_v not_o in_o our_o power_n for_o in_o the_o first_o case_n we_o lose_v only_o our_o friend_n but_o in_o the_o last_o both_o our_o friend_n and_o ourselves_o to_o return_v therefore_o to_o our_o skirmish_n i_o say_v that_o when_o ever_o for_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o enemy_n or_o acquaint_v his_o soldier_n with_o the_o way_n of_o their_o sight_n a_o general_n be_v constrain_v to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o he_o be_v to_o do_v it_o with_o that_o art_n and_o advantage_n that_o he_o may_v run_v no_o hazard_n of_o be_v worsted_n or_o else_o to_o follow_v the_o example_n of_o marius_n which_o be_v the_o better_a way_n of_o the_o two_o who_o march_v against_o the_o cimbri_n a_o fierce_a and_o numerous_a people_n which_o have_v invade_v italy_n for_o prey_n and_o beat_v one_o roman_a army_n already_o observe_v his_o army_n to_o be_v afraid_a he_o think_v it_o will_v be_v necessary_a before_o he_o come_v to_o a_o general_a engagement_n to_o contrive_v some_o way_n or_o other_o to_o dispossess_v they_o of_o their_o fear_n whereupon_o as_o a_o wise_a officer_n he_o dispose_v his_o army_n more_o than_o once_o or_o twice_o in_o some_o secure_a place_n upon_o the_o road_n by_o which_o the_o cimbrian_a army_n be_v to_o pass_v from_o whence_o his_o man_n may_v have_v a_o view_n of_o their_o march_n and_o accustom_v themselves_o to_o the_o sight_n of_o they_o to_o the_o end_n that_o see_v they_o to_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o confuse_a and_o disorderly_a multitude_n incommode_v with_o baggage_n and_o either_o very_o ill_o accoutre_v or_o utter_o unarm_v they_o may_v recover_v their_o spirit_n and_o grow_v impatient_a to_o be_v at_o they_o and_o this_o prudent_a invention_n of_o marius_n ought_v to_o be_v diligent_o imitate_v by_o other_o people_n lest_o they_o fall_v into_o the_o danger_n aforesaid_a and_o come_v off_o like_o the_o french_a qui_fw-la obrem_fw-la parvi_fw-la ponderis_fw-la in_o tiburtem_fw-la agrum_fw-la &_o in_o campaniam_fw-la transierunt_fw-la who_o upon_o a_o trifle_a accident_n despond_v and_o retire_v and_o because_o i_o have_v mention_v valerius_n corvinus_n in_o this_o chapter_n i_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o his_o word_n in_o the_o next_o to_o show_v how_o a_o general_n shall_v be_v qualify_v chap._n xxxviii_o how_o a_o generalis_fw-la to_o be_v qualify_v that_o his_o army_n may_v rely_v upon_o he_o as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o valerius_n corvinus_n be_v go_v with_o his_o army_n against_o the_o samnite_n a_o new_a enemy_n with_o who_o the_o roman_n have_v have_v no_o contest_v before_o to_o encourage_v his_o soldier_n and_o acquaint_v they_o with_o the_o discipline_n of_o the_o samnite_n he_o enure_v his_o man_n to_o they_o by_o several_a small_a skirmish_n but_o lest_o that_o shall_v not_o do_v he_o make_v a_o speech_n to_o they_o before_o the_o battle_n remonstrate_v with_o all_o possible_a efficacy_n of_o word_n how_o little_a they_o be_v to_o value_v the_o enemy_n and_o how_o much_o they_o may_v expect_v from_o their_o own_o valour_n and_o his_o conduct_n livy_n bring_v he_o in_o with_o these_o word_n in_o his_o mouth_n which_o give_v we_o a_o exact_a character_n of_o a_o general_n in_o who_o his_o army_n may_v confide_v tum_o etiam_fw-la intueri_fw-la cujus_fw-la ductu_fw-la auspicioque_fw-la ineunda_fw-la pugna_fw-la sit_fw-la utrum_fw-la qui_fw-la audiendus_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la magnificus_fw-la adhortator_fw-la sit_fw-la verbis_fw-la tantum_fw-la ferox_fw-la operum_fw-la militarium_fw-la expers_fw-la aut_fw-la qui_fw-la &_o ipse_fw-la tela_fw-la tractare_fw-la procedere_fw-la ante_fw-la signa_fw-la versari_fw-la media_fw-la in_o mole_n pugnae_fw-la sciat_fw-la facta_fw-la mâ—a_fw-la non_fw-la dicta_fw-la vos_fw-la milites_fw-la sequi_fw-la volo_fw-la nec_fw-la disciplinam_fw-la modo_fw-la sed_fw-la exemplum_fw-la etiam_fw-la ame_fw-fr petere_fw-la qui_fw-la hac_fw-la dextra_fw-la mihi_fw-la tres_fw-la consulatus_fw-la summamque_fw-la laudem_fw-la peperi_fw-la then_o you_o may_v see_v under_o who_o conduct_n you_o fight_v whether_o he_o that_o speak_v to_o you_o be_v only_o a_o magnificent_a boaster_n valiant_a in_o word_n but_o ignorant_a in_o whatever_o belong_v to_o a_o soldier_n or_o whether_o he_o be_v one_o that_o know_v how_o to_o manage_v his_o arm_n lead_v up_o his_o man_n charge_v in_o the_o head_n of_o they_o and_o behave_v himself_o manful_o in_o the_o very_a heat_n of_o the_o battle_n i_o will_v not_o fellow_n soldier_n that_o you_o shall_v follow_v my_o word_n more_o than_o my_o deed_n or_o take_v only_o my_o precept_n and_o not_o my_o example_n who_o with_o this_o hand_n have_v gain_v three_o consulship_n and_o immortal_a reputation_n which_o word_n if_o well_o consider_v be_v sufficient_a to_o instruct_v any_o man_n what_o course_n he_o be_v to_o take_v to_o make_v himself_o repute_v a_o great_a general_n he_o who_o act_v otherwise_o will_v find_v in_o time_n that_o that_o command_v however_o he_o come_v by_o it_o whether_o by_o ambition_n or_o fortune_n will_v rather_o abstract_a than_o add_v to_o his_o honour_n for_o it_o be_v not_o title_n that_o make_v man_n honourable_a but_o man_n their_o title_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v likewise_o that_o if_o great_a captain_n have_v be_v force_v to_o such_o unusual_a language_n to_o confirm_v the_o heart_n of_o a_o old_a veteran_v army_n when_o it_o be_v to_o fight_v with_o a_o new_a enemy_n how_o much_o more_o care_n and_o art_n be_v to_o be_v use_v in_o a_o new_a inexperienced_a army_n that_o never_o see_v a_o enemy_n before_o for_o if_o a_o strange_a enemy_n be_v terrible_a to_o a_o old_a army_n well_o may_v he_o be_v so_o to_o a_o army_n that_o be_v new_o raise_v and_o be_v never_o engage_v nevertheless_o all_o these_o difficulty_n have_v be_v overcome_v by_o the_o prudence_n of_o several_a captain_n as_o by_o gracchus_n the_o roman_a and_o epaminondas_n the_o theban_a who_o with_o new_a raise_v man_n defeat_v old_a veteran_v troop_n that_o have_v be_v long_o experience_v in_o matter_n of_o war_n and_o their_o way_n be_v to_o prepare_v they_o for_o some_o month_n by_o continual_a exercise_n and_o counterfeit_a battle_n by_o use_v they_o to_o their_o rank_n and_o hold_v they_o to_o strict_a discipline_n and_o obedience_n after_o which_o they_o advance_v against_o the_o enemy_n engage_v with_o great_a confidence_n and_o perform_v very_o well_o let_v no_o man_n therefore_o that_o be_v any_o thing_n of_o a_o soldier_n despair_v of_o make_v his_o army_n good_a if_o he_o have_v but_o man_n enough_o for_o that_o prince_n who_o abound_v with_o man_n and_o want_v soldier_n be_v rather_o to_o complain_v of_o his_o own_o laziness_n and_o imprudence_n than_o of_o their_o incapacity_n and_o dulness_n chap._n thirty-nine_o a_o general_n ought_v to_o know_v the_o country_n and_o how_o to_o take_v his_o advantage_n in_o the_o ground_n among_o the_o many_o thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a in_o a_o general_n of_o a_o army_n the_o knowledge_n of_o coast_n and_o country_n be_v one_o and_o that_o not_o only_o in_o a_o general_n but_o in_o a_o exquisite_a and_o more_o particular_a way_n without_o which_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o do_v any_o great_a thing_n and_o because_o all_o knowledge_n require_v use_v and_o exercise_v to_o bring_v it_o to_o perfection_n so_o be_v it_o in_o this_o knowledge_n of_o place_n and_o if_o it_o be_v inquire_v what_o use_n and_o what_o exercise_n be_v require_v in_o this_o case_n i_o answer_v hunt_v and_o hawk_v and_o such_o like_a recreation_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o the_o hero_n which_o ancient_o govern_v the_o world_n be_v say_v to_o be_v bring_v up_o in_o wood_n and_o forest_n and_o accustom_v to_o those_o kind_n of_o exercise_n for_o hunt_v beside_o the_o acquaintance_n which_o it_o give_v you_o of_o the_o country_n instruct_v you_o in_o many_o thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a in_o war_n
ever_o read_v and_o consider_v the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o those_o nation_n they_o will_v never_o have_v be_v so_o often_o overreach_v see_v they_o have_v be_v always_o alike_o and_o use_v the_o same_o practice_n in_o all_o place_n with_o all_o people_n thus_o they_o serve_v the_o tuscan_n of_o old_a who_o have_v be_v many_o time_n overpower_a and_o rout_v and_o disperse_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o find_v their_o own_o force_n unable_a to_o defend_v they_o they_o article_v with_o the_o french_a on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o alps_o to_o give_v they_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n for_o which_o the_o french_a be_v to_o join_v their_o force_n with_o the_o tuscap_n and_o march_v with_o they_o against_o the_o roman_n but_o when_o the_o french_a have_v get_v their_o money_n they_o refuse_v to_o perform_v the_o condition_n on_o their_o part_n allege_v that_o they_o receive_v it_o not_o to_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o roman_n but_o to_o forbear_v infest_v they_o themselves_o by_o which_o infidelity_n and_o avarice_n in_o the_o french_a the_o poor_a tuscan_n be_v at_o once_o defeat_v both_o of_o their_o money_n and_o assistance_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o tuscan_n be_v former_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n as_o now_o and_o especial_o the_o florentine_n and_o the_o french_a and_o other_o foreign_a nation_n have_v always_o the_o same_o inclination_n to_o deceive_v they_o chap._n xliv_o confidence_n and_o boldness_n do_v many_o time_n obtain_v that_o which_o will_v never_o be_v compass_v by_o ordinary_a mean_n the_o samnite_n be_v invade_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o their_o army_n so_o weak_a it_o dare_v not_o meet_v they_o in_o the_o field_n whereupon_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o all_o their_o garrison_n shall_v be_v reinforce_v and_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o troop_n they_o shall_v pass_v into_o tuscany_n which_o be_v then_o at_o peace_n with_o the_o roman_n and_o try_v if_o they_o can_v tempt_v they_o to_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o break_v their_o peace_n and_o in_o the_o harangue_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o samnite_n to_o the_o tuscan_n to_o remonstrate_v upon_o what_o occasion_n they_o have_v take_v up_o arm_n themselves_o they_o have_v this_o expression_n rebellasse_n quod_fw-la pax_fw-la servientibus_fw-la gravior_n quam_fw-la liberis_fw-la bellum_fw-la they_o have_v rebel_v because_o peace_n be_v more_o insupportable_a in_o servitude_n than_o war_n to_o man_n that_o be_v free_a and_o so_o partly_o by_o persuasion_n and_o partly_o by_o the_o presence_n of_o their_o army_n they_o prevail_v with_o they_o to_o take_v arm_n against_o the_o roman_n which_o they_o have_v refuse_v to_o their_o ambassador_n before_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o a_o prince_n desire_v to_o obtain_v any_o thing_n of_o another_o if_o occasion_n permit_v he_o ought_v not_o to_o give_v he_o time_n to_o consider_v but_o be_v to_o act_v so_o as_o he_o may_v see_v a_o necessity_n upon_o he_o of_o resolve_v immediate_o and_o this_o be_v do_v when_o the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o demand_n be_v make_v see_v that_o in_o either_o deny_v it_o absolute_o or_o delay_v his_o answer_n he_o run_v a_o manifest_a danger_n this_o way_n be_v use_v very_o handsome_o in_o our_o day_n by_o pope_n julius_n with_o the_o french_a and_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr foix_n the_o king_n of_o france_n general_n against_o the_o marquis_n of_o mantova_n pope_n julius_n resolve_v to_o drive_v the_o family_n of_o the_o bentivogli_n out_o of_o bolonia_n and_o judge_v that_o to_o do_v it_o he_o shall_v have_v need_n of_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o french_a and_o that_o it_o will_v be_v convenient_a the_o venetian_n shall_v stand_v neuter_n to_o this_o purpose_n he_o send_v ambassador_n to_o they_o both_o but_o can_v get_v nothing_o but_o uncertain_a and_o ambiguous_a answer_n wherefore_o to_o surprise_v they_o and_o bring_v they_o that_o way_n to_o his_o lure_n whether_o they_o will_v or_o no_o he_o get_v what_o force_n he_o can_v together_o and_o march_v direct_o to_o bolonia_n send_v to_o the_o venetian_n to_o let_v they_o know_v he_o expect_v they_o shall_v stand_v neuter_n and_o to_o the_o french_a to_o send_v he_o supply_n both_o of_o they_o find_v themselves_o under_o a_o necessity_n of_o answer_v immediate_o and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o time_n allow_v to_o consider_v fear_v the_o displeasure_n and_o indignation_n of_o his_o holiness_n they_o both_o of_o they_o comply_v the_o venetian_a do_v not_o meddle_v and_o the_o french_a send_v he_o assistance_n mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr foix_n be_v another_o time_n with_o his_o army_n in_o bolonia_n and_o understand_v the_o defection_n of_o brescia_n he_o resolve_v to_o go_v immediate_o and_o endeavour_v to_o reduce_v it_o there_o be_v but_o two_o way_n that_o he_o can_v possible_o pass_v one_o be_v through_o the_o dominion_n of_o his_o master_n but_o that_o be_v tedious_a and_o about_o the_o other_o be_v a_o short_a cut_n through_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o mantova_n but_o then_o he_o be_v not_o only_o to_o force_v his_o way_n through_o that_o country_n but_z he_o be_v to_o pass_v certain_a sluice_n betwixt_o fen_n and_o lake_n with_o which_o that_o country_n abound_v and_o that_o be_v not_o to_o be_v do_v without_o great_a difficulty_n in_o respect_n of_o several_a fort_n which_o be_v upon_o they_o and_o all_o well_o guard_v by_o the_o marquis_n however_o the_o foiz_n resolve_v upon_o the_o short_a in_o spite_n of_o the_o difficulty_n and_o that_o the_o marquis_n may_v have_v no_o time_n to_o deliberate_v he_o march_v with_o his_o army_n and_o at_o the_o same_o moment_n send_v a_o messenger_n to_o the_o marquis_n for_o the_o key_n of_o such_o castle_n as_o stand_v in_o his_o passage_n and_o the_o marquis_n surprise_v with_o the_o suddenness_n and_o confidence_n of_o the_o demand_n send_v they_o immediate_o which_o he_o will_v never_o have_v do_v have_v they_o be_v more_o modest_o desire_v the_o marquis_n be_v in_o league_n with_o the_o venetian_a and_o pope_n in_o who_o hand_n he_o have_v likewise_o a_o son_n at_o that_o time_n all_o which_o have_v he_o have_v time_n to_o have_v consider_v will_v have_v be_v very_o laudable_a reason_n to_o have_v deny_v it_o but_o be_v press_v of_o a_o sudden_a he_o send_v they_o as_o be_v say_v before_o just_o so_o it_o be_v betwixt_o the_o tuscan_n and_o the_o samnite_n the_o presence_n of_o the_o samnian_a army_n have_v force_v they_o to_o take_v arm_n which_o they_o have_v refuse_v before_o and_o have_v scarce_o do_v then_o have_v they_o have_v liberty_n to_o have_v advise_v chap._n xlv_o whether_o in_o a_o battle_n it_o be_v best_o to_o give_v or_o receive_v the_o charge_n devius_fw-la and_o fabius_n two_o roman_a consul_n be_v in_o the_o field_n with_o two_o army_n against_o the_o samnite_n and_o tuscan_n and_o be_v come_v to_o a_o battle_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o they_o take_v two_o several_a way_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o fight_n and_o it_o be_v worth_a our_o enquiry_n which_o of_o they_o be_v the_o best_a decius_n charge_v the_o enemy_n with_o all_o imaginable_a fury_n and_o engage_v his_o whole_a army_n at_o once_o fabius_n receive_v the_o charge_n and_o judge_v that_o way_n the_o most_o safe_a reserve_v his_o effort_n till_o the_o last_o when_o as_o we_o say_v the_o enemy_n have_v spend_v their_o fire_n and_o the_o heat_n of_o their_o fury_n be_v over_o by_o the_o success_n of_o the_o battle_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o design_n of_o fabius_n be_v better_a than_o that_o of_o decius_n who_o tire_v with_o the_o vehemence_n of_o his_o first_o charge_n and_o see_v his_o man_n engage_v far_o among_o the_o enemy_n than_o otherwise_o they_o will_v have_v be_v to_o gain_v that_o honour_n by_o his_o death_n which_o he_o can_v not_o hope_v for_o by_o the_o victory_n in_o imitation_n of_o his_o father_n he_o sacrifice_v himself_o for_o the_o roman_a legion_n which_o when_o fabius_n understand_v that_o he_o may_v not_o gain_v less_o honour_n by_o live_v than_o his_o colleague_n shall_v do_v by_o his_o death_n he_o advance_v with_o his_o reserve_v and_o charge_v the_o enemy_n so_o brisk_o that_o he_o overthrow_v they_o and_o gain_v a_o happy_a and_o most_o memorable_a victory_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o way_n of_o fabius_n be_v more_o imitable_a and_o secure_a chap._n xlvi_o how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o a_o city_n the_o same_o family_n retain_v the_o same_o manner_n and_o custom_n a_o long_a time_n it_o appear_v that_o not_o only_o one_o city_n have_v its_o manner_n and_o institution_n different_a and_o produce_v man_n more_o austere_a or_o effeminate_a than_o the_o rest_n but_o in_o the_o same_o city_n family_n be_v frequent_o find_v to_o have_v the_o same_o difference_n of_o this_o there_o be_v multitude_n of_o example_n and_o particular_o
the_o emperor_n insomuch_o that_o many_o of_o they_o be_v put_v to_o death_n by_o the_o fury_n and_o insolence_n of_o those_o soldier_n who_o create_v and_o dispose_v their_o emperor_n as_o they_o please_v and_o sometime_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n several_a emperor_n be_v create_v by_o the_o several_a army_n which_o occasion_v the_o division_n first_o and_o by_o degree_n the_o destruction_n of_o the_o empire_n those_o king_n therefore_o who_o be_v desirous_a to_o live_v in_o safety_n and_o peace_n aught_o to_o have_v their_o army_n compose_v of_o such_o person_n as_o when_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o war_n will_v take_v up_o arm_n free_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n and_o when_o peace_n be_v conclude_v will_v as_o ready_o acquiesce_v and_o return_v to_o their_o old_a habitation_n and_o calling_n which_o may_v easy_o be_v do_v if_o they_o make_v their_o levy_n of_o such_o man_n as_o have_v profession_n before_o a_o king_n be_v likewise_o upon_o the_o publication_n of_o peace_n to_o command_v his_o general_n and_o great_a officer_n to_o their_o respective_a charge_n and_o government_n elsewhere_o the_o reformades_n and_o gentleman_n to_o their_o own_o house_n and_o estate_n and_o the_o common_a soldier_n to_o their_o original_a trade_n and_o occupation_n and_o by_o the_o election_n of_o such_o man_n they_o will_v fight_v stout_o to_o procure_v peace_n but_o never_o disturb_v peace_n to_o create_v a_o war._n cosimo_n i_o must_v confess_v your_o discourse_n to_o i_o seem_v very_o considerable_a yet_o be_v so_o contrary_a to_o what_o i_o fancy_v before_o my_o mind_n be_v not_o so_o well_o satisfy_v but_o there_o remain_v some_o doubt_n behind_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v clear_v for_o i_o observe_v several_a lord_n and_o gentleman_n who_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n maintain_v themselves_o whole_o by_o the_o profession_n of_o arm_n as_o several_a great_a commander_n of_o your_o acquaintance_n and_o quality_n who_o be_v in_o pay_n under_o several_a prince_n and_o state_n beside_o most_o of_o the_o man_n at_o arm_n be_v continue_v in_o pay_n for_o the_o guard_n and_o security_n of_o such_o city_n and_o castle_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o be_v keep_v so_o that_o in_o my_o judgement_n there_o be_v employment_n enough_o for_o they_o all_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n fabritio_n i_o do_v not_o believe_v that_o you_o can_v think_v that_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n there_o be_v entertainment_n for_o they_o all_o for_o if_o no_o other_o reason_n be_v to_o be_v allege_v the_o smallness_n of_o the_o number_n require_v to_o the_o furnish_n the_o garrison_n will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o refute_v it_o what_o proportion_n be_v there_o betwixt_o the_o body_n of_o foot_n which_o be_v to_o be_v raise_v for_o carry_v on_o a_o war_n and_o those_o which_o be_v require_v for_o supply_v the_o garrison_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n for_o those_o city_n and_o castle_n which_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n be_v keep_v with_o a_o few_o man_n be_v reinforce_v with_o great_a number_n in_o time_n of_o war_n beside_o which_o great_a levy_n be_v make_v for_o the_o field_n army_n which_o upon_o the_o conclusion_n of_o peace_n be_v constant_o disband_v and_o as_o to_o such_o as_o be_v retain_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o guard_n to_o the_o state_n pope_n julius_n and_o you_o have_v demonstrate_v how_o much_o those_o be_v to_o be_v apprehend_v who_o will_v not_o entertain_v any_o other_o vocation_n but_o war_n have_v turn_v they_o out_o of_o your_o guard_n for_o their_o insolence_n and_o entertain_v swizzer_n in_o their_o place_n as_o people_n bear_v and_o bring_v up_o under_o law_n and_o choose_v by_o the_o communality_n by_o a_o more_o regular_a election_n so_o that_o tell_v i_o no_o more_o there_o be_v employment_n for_o they_o all_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o to_o the_o man_n at_o arm_n and_o their_o be_v continue_v in_o pay_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n the_o answer_n i_o confess_v be_v more_o difficult_a yet_o upon_o close_a examination_n it_o will_v not_o be_v find_v impossible_a because_o this_o custom_n of_o keep_v man_n at_o arm_n in_o pay_n be_v corrupt_a and_o inconvenient_a the_o reason_n be_v for_o that_o they_o be_v people_n who_o have_v no_o other_o vocation_n be_v occasion_n of_o daily_a disorder_n in_o the_o state_n especial_o where_o their_o number_n be_v great_a but_o where_o they_o be_v not_o so_o numerous_a as_o to_o make_v a_o army_n of_o themselves_o the_o danger_n of_o they_o be_v so_o much_o the_o less_o yet_o many_o time_n they_o have_v do_v mischief_n enough_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o in_o the_o case_n of_o francis_n sforza_n his_o father_n and_o braccio_fw-mi da_fw-mi perugâ—a_n so_o that_o i_o can_v approve_v this_o custom_n of_o keep_v man_n at_o arm_n in_o constant_a pay_n have_v see_v so_o much_o experience_n of_o their_o corruption_n and_o the_o inconvenience_n which_o have_v follow_v thereupon_o cosimo_n will_v you_o have_v no_o such_o force_n in_o pay_n at_o all_o or_o if_o you_o will_v have_v they_o how_o will_v you_o have_v they_o entertain_v fabritio_n not_o as_o the_o man_n at_o arm_n in_o france_n for_o they_o be_v as_o dangerous_a and_o insolent_a as_o we_o but_o rather_o according_a to_o the_o method_n of_o the_o ancient_n who_o raise_v their_o cavalry_n out_o of_o their_o own_o subject_n who_o they_o send_v home_o again_o to_o their_o house_n when_o peace_n be_v conclude_v to_o follow_v their_o old_a calling_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v more_o large_o before_o we_o end_v our_o discourse_n so_o that_o if_o these_o kind_n of_o soldier_n do_v now_o even_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n receive_v pay_v and_o live_v under_o that_o profession_n it_o proceed_v from_o corruption_n in_o their_o custom_n and_o as_o to_o the_o pension_n which_o i_o and_o my_o fellow_n officer_n receive_v i_o say_v that_o that_o also_o be_v a_o corrupt_a custom_n for_o a_o wise_a and_o well_o order_v government_n ought_v not_o to_o entertain_v any_o such_o pensioner_n but_o be_v rather_o to_o employ_v their_o own_o citizen_n for_o general_n in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o when_o that_o be_v do_v dismiss_v they_o to_o their_o own_o private_a affair_n and_o with_o a_o wise_a king_n it_o be_v the_o same_o he_o be_v either_o to_o give_v no_o such_o pension_n at_o all_o or_o if_o he_o do_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o recompense_n of_o some_o signal_n exploit_n or_o to_o oblige_v some_o excellent_a person_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o well_o as_o war._n and_o because_o you_o have_v instance_a in_o i_o i_o be_o content_a to_o stand_v for_o a_o example_n and_o therefore_o i_o say_v i_o never_o make_v war_n my_o profession_n my_o business_n be_v to_o govern_v my_o subject_n to_o defend_v they_o to_o prefer_v peace_n but_o yet_o to_o know_v how_o to_o manage_v myself_o in_o war_n and_o if_o i_o have_v receive_v honour_n or_o reward_v from_o the_o king_n it_o be_v not_o for_o my_o understanding_n of_o experience_n in_o war_n so_o much_o as_o for_o my_o integrity_n and_o counsel_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n a_o wise_a prince_n ought_v not_o therefore_o to_o have_v any_o about_o he_o but_o such_o as_o be_v so_o constitute_v for_o if_o they_o be_v too_o zealous_a either_o for_o peace_n or_o for_o war_n they_o will_v draw_v he_o into_o inconvenience_n this_o according_a to_o my_o proposition_n at_o first_o i_o can_v not_o but_o say_v as_o to_o the_o first_o point_n if_o it_o be_v insufficient_a you_o must_v apply_v your_o self_n elsewhere_o for_o far_a satisfaction_n but_o by_o what_o be_v say_v you_o may_v perceive_v the_o difficulty_n of_o revive_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_n in_o our_o present_a war_n what_o preparation_n be_v requisite_a to_o be_v make_v by_o any_o man_n that_o be_v wise_a and_o what_o opportunity_n be_v to_o be_v expect_v to_o bring_v they_o to_o perfection_n but_o you_o will_v understand_v they_o â—etter_o if_o your_o patience_n will_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o discourse_v they_o from_o point_n to_o point_n and_o compare_v all_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_n with_o the_o particular_a practice_n of_o our_o time_n cosimo_n if_o we_o desire_v at_o first_o to_o hear_v you_o discourse_n of_o these_o thing_n certain_o what_o you_o have_v discourse_v already_o have_v much_o increase_v our_o desire_n wherefore_o as_o we_o give_v you_o thanks_o for_o what_o you_o have_v do_v so_o we_o do_v earnest_o beg_v of_o you_o that_o you_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o remainder_n chap._n v._n in_o what_o country_n the_o best_a soldier_n be_v to_o be_v raise_v fabritio_n see_v you_o be_v hitherto_o so_o well_o please_v i_o will_v deduce_v my_o discourse_n of_o this_o matter_n from_o the_o fountain_n that_o thereby_o you_o may_v comprehend_v it_o the_o better_a and_o i_o be_v enable_v to_o demonstrate_v it_o more_o copious_o when_o war_n
very_o cautious_a of_o this_o in_o his_o war_n with_o the_o german_n and_o open_v a_o way_n for_o they_o when_o he_o see_v that_o not_o be_v able_a to_o fly_v they_o must_v of_o necessity_n fight_v and_o that_o more_o courageous_o than_o otherwise_o wherefore_o he_o choose_v rather_o the_o trouble_n of_o pursue_v they_o when_o they_o flee_v than_o the_o danger_n of_o fight_v they_o when_o they_o be_v force_v to_o defend_v themselves_o lucullus_n observe_v a_o party_n of_o his_o horse_n go_v over_o to_o the_o enemy_n cause_v a_o charge_n to_o be_v found_v immediate_o and_o command_v other_o party_n to_o follow_v they_o whereupon_o the_o enemy_n believe_v lucullus_n intend_v to_o fight_v send_v out_o a_o party_n to_o charge_v those_o macedonian_n who_o be_v run_v away_o and_o they_o do_v it_o so_o effectual_o that_o the_o macedonian_n be_v glad_a to_o stand_v upon_o their_o guard_n by_o which_o mean_v of_o fugitive_n intend_v they_o become_v good_a subject_n in_o spite_n of_o their_o tooth_n chap._n xvi_o how_o a_o suspect_a town_n or_o country_n be_v to_o be_v secure_v and_o how_o the_o people_n heart_n be_v to_o be_v gain_v fabr._n it_o be_v a_o great_a thing_n in_o a_o general_n to_o know_v how_o to_o secure_v a_o town_n that_o you_o suspect_v either_o after_o a_o victory_n or_o before_o as_o several_a ancient_a example_n do_v demonstrate_v pompey_n be_v jealous_a of_o the_o catinenses_n beg_v of_o they_o that_o they_o will_v give_v entertainment_n to_o some_o of_o his_o sick_a man_n and_o under_o the_o disguise_n of_o sick_a send_v stout_a and_o valiant_a man_n they_o surprise_v the_o town_n and_o keep_v it_o for_o pompey_n publius_n valerius_n be_v diffident_a of_o the_o epidauni_fw-la and_o cause_v a_o general_n indulgence_n to_o be_v give_v in_o one_o of_o the_o church_n without_o the_o town_n the_o people_n throng_v thither_o for_o pardon_n he_o shut_v the_o gate_n upon_o they_o and_o receive_v none_o back_o again_o but_o such_o as_o he_o can_v trust_v alexander_n the_o great_a be_v to_o march_v into_o asia_n and_o by_o the_o way_n secure_v himself_o of_o thrace_n carry_v along_o with_o he_o all_o the_o principal_a person_n of_o that_o province_n give_v they_o command_v in_o his_o army_n and_o leave_v the_o people_n to_o be_v govern_v by_o those_o of_o their_o own_o condition_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o satisfy_v all_o party_n the_o nobility_n by_o pay_v they_o and_o the_o populace_n by_o leave_v no_o governor_n that_o will_v oppress_v they_o but_o among_o all_o the_o way_n wherewith_o the_o people_n be_v to_o be_v cajole_v nothing_o go_v so_o far_o as_o example_n of_o chastity_n and_o justice_n as_o that_o of_o scipio_n in_o spain_n when_o he_o return_v a_o beautiful_a young_a lady_n to_o her_o parent_n and_o husband_n untouched_a a_o passage_n that_o contribute_v more_o than_o his_o arm_n to_o the_o subduction_n of_o that_o country_n caesar_n only_o for_o pay_v for_o the_o wood_n which_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v cut_v down_o to_o make_v stoccado_n about_o his_o camp_n in_o france_n get_v such_o a_o name_n for_o his_o justice_n that_o it_o facilitated_a the_o conquest_n of_o that_o province_n i_o know_v not_o now_o that_o there_o remain_v any_o thing_n to_o say_v further_o about_o these_o accident_n or_o that_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v not_o already_o examine_v if_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n it_o be_v the_o way_n of_o take_v and_o defend_v of_o town_n which_o i_o be_o willing_a to_o show_v be_v i_o sure_o i_o shall_v not_o be_v tedious_a battista_n your_o civility_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o make_v we_o pursue_v our_o desire_n without_o the_o least_o fear_n of_o presumption_n for_o you_o have_v offer_v we_o that_o frank_o which_o we_o shall_v have_v be_v ashamed_a to_o have_v request_v we_o do_v assure_v you_o therefore_o you_o can_v do_v we_o a_o great_a favour_n than_o to_o finish_v this_o discourse_n but_o before_o you_o proceed_v let_v i_o entreat_v you_o to_o resolve_v i_o whether_o it_o be_v better_a to_o continue_v a_o war_n all_o winter_n long_o as_o they_o do_v now_o adays_o or_o carry_v it_o on_o only_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o in_o the_o winter_n go_v to_o their_o quarter_n chap._n xvii_o war_n be_v not_o to_o be_v continue_v in_o the_o winter_n fabr._n observe_v gentleman_n have_v it_o not_o be_v for_o the_o prudence_n of_o battista_n a_o very_a considerable_a part_n of_o our_o discourse_n have_v be_v omit_v i_o tell_v you_o again_o that_o the_o ancient_n do_v every_o thing_n with_o more_o prudence_n and_o discretion_n than_o we_o who_o if_o we_o be_v defective_a in_o any_o thing_n be_v much_o more_o in_o matter_n of_o war._n nothing_o be_v more_o imprudent_a and_o dangerous_a for_o a_o general_n than_o to_o begin_v a_o war_n in_o the_o winter_n and_o he_o who_o be_v the_o aggressor_n be_v more_o liable_a to_o miscarry_v than_o he_o that_o be_v invade_v the_o reason_n be_v this_o all_o the_o industry_n employ_v in_o military_a discipline_n consist_v in_o prepare_v your_o man_n and_o put_v they_o into_o order_n for_o a_o battle_n that_o be_v it_o at_o which_o a_o general_n be_v principal_o to_o aim_v because_o a_o battle_n do_v common_o decide_v the_o business_n whether_o it_o be_v lose_v or_o win_v he_o therefore_o who_o know_v best_a how_o to_o put_v his_o army_n in_o order_n and_o he_o who_o know_v best_a how_o to_o prepare_v and_o equip_v they_o have_v doubtless_o the_o advantage_n and_o be_v in_o most_o hope_n to_o overcome_v on_o the_o other_o side_n nothing_o be_v more_o inconsistent_a with_o good_a order_n than_o steep_a place_n or_o cold_a rainy_a weather_n for_o steep_a place_n will_v not_o suffer_v you_o to_o open_v or_o extend_v your_o rank_n according_a to_o discipline_n cold_a and_o wet_a weather_n will_v not_o permit_v you_o to_o keep_v your_o man_n together_o nor_o present_v they_o in_o close_a order_n before_o the_o enemy_n but_o constrain_v you_o of_o necessity_n to_o lodge_v they_o up_o and_o down_o asunder_o without_o order_n at_o the_o mercy_n of_o all_o the_o castle_n and_o town_n and_o village_n that_o receive_v you_o so_o that_o all_o the_o pain_n you_o have_v take_v to_o discipline_n your_o army_n be_v for_o that_o time_n utter_o useless_a do_v not_o admire_v if_o now_o adays_o we_o make_v war_n in_o the_o winter_n for_o our_o army_n be_v without_o discipline_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v what_o inconvenience_n they_o suffer_v by_o not_o be_v quarter_v together_o for_o it_o trouble_v they_o not_o that_o they_o can_v keep_v those_o order_n and_o observe_v that_o discipline_n which_o they_o never_o have_v yet_o it_o ought_v serious_o to_o be_v consider_v what_o prejudice_n have_v follow_v upon_o encampment_n in_o the_o winter_n and_o it_o ought_v likewise_o to_o be_v remember_v that_o the_o french_a in_o the_o year_n 1503._o be_v break_v and_o ruin_v near_o garigliano_n rather_o by_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o weather_n than_o the_o magnanimity_n of_o the_o spaniard_n for_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o before_o the_o invador_fw-la be_v under_o great_a incommodity_n as_o be_v more_o expose_v to_o the_o weather_n in_o a_o enemy_n country_n than_o at_o home_n for_o to_o keep_v his_o man_n together_o he_o be_v necessitate_v to_o endure_v the_o cold_a and_o the_o rain_n or_o to_o avoid_v it_o to_o divide_v his_o man_n which_o be_v mighty_o to_o expose_v they_o but_o he_o who_o be_v upon_o the_o defensive_a part_n can_v choose_v his_o place_n and_o his_o way_n attend_v he_o with_o fresh_a man_n which_o he_o can_v join_v in_o a_o moment_n and_o fall_v upon_o some_o party_n of_o the_o enemy_n with_o such_o fury_n as_o they_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o endure_v the_o shock_n it_o be_v the_o weather_n therefore_o which_o disorder_v the_o french_a and_o it_o be_v the_o weather_n that_o will_v always_o ruin_v any_o man_n that_o begin_v war_n in_o winter_n if_o his_o adversary_n have_v any_o share_n of_o discretion_n he_o therefore_o who_o will_v have_v his_o force_n his_o order_n his_o discipline_n and_o his_o courage_n of_o no_o use_n or_o advantage_n to_o he_o let_v he_o keep_v the_o field_n and_o carry_v on_o his_o war_n in_o the_o winter_n for_o the_o roman_n who_o desire_v all_o those_o thing_n in_o which_o they_o employ_v their_o industry_n and_o diligence_n shall_v be_v useful_a to_o they_o avoid_v the_o incommodity_n of_o winter_n as_o much_o as_o the_o asperity_n of_o the_o alps_o the_o difficulty_n of_o place_n and_o whatever_o else_o may_v hinder_v they_o from_o show_v their_o dexterity_n and_o courage_n and_o thus_o much_o as_o to_o your_o demand_n we_o will_v discourse_v now_o of_o take_v and_o defend_v of_o town_n and_o of_o their_o natural_a and_o artificial_a strength_n the_o seven_o book_n chap._n i._n how_o town_n or_o castle_n be_v to_o be_v
the_o church_n the_o gibilin_n with_o the_o emperor_n innocent_n four_o pope_n clement_n 5_o pope_n adrian_z 5_o pope_n nicholas_n 3d._n of_o the_o house_n of_o 〈◊〉_d the_o first_o introduction_n of_o pope_n nephew_n martin_n 10_o pope_n pope_n celestine_n resign_v to_o boniface_n 8_o the_o first_o jubilee_n ordain_v by_o boniface_n every_o 100_o year_n benedict_n choose_v die_v and_o be_v succeed_v by_o clement_n 5_o who_o remove_v his_o residence_n â—nto_n france_n 1306._o 〈…〉_z the_o 〈◊〉_d a_o great_a family_n in_o milan_n make_v prince_n of_o that_o city_n by_o the_o extirpation_n of_o the_o torri_n the_o 〈…〉_z milan_n the_o dukedom_n of_o milan_n fall_v to_o the_o sforzâ—s_n the_o original_a of_o the_o venetians_n candia_n give_v to_o the_o venetian_n by_o the_o french_a benedict_n 12_o pope_n clement_n 6_o pope_n the_o jubilee_n reduce_v to_o 50_o year_n avignon_n give_v to_o the_o pope_n by_o the_o queen_n of_o naples_n innocent_n 6_o pope_n urban_n 5_o pope_n gregory_n 12_o pope_n the_o pope_n return_v to_o rome_n after_o 71_o year_n absence_n in_o france_n urban_n 6_o pope_n clement_n seven_o antipope_n gun_n first_o use_v betwixt_o the_o genovese_n and_o venetian_n urban_n and_o clementn_n succeed_v by_o boniface_n 9th_o &_o benedict_n 13_o boniface_n die_v innocent_n seven_o succeed_v he_o and_o gregory_z the_o 12_o innocent_n alexander_n 5_o elect_v and_o succeed_v by_o john_n 23d_o three_o pope_n at_o once_o martin_n 5_o the_o queen_n of_o naples_n call_v in_o the_o k._n of_o arragon_n to_o her_o assistance_n adopt_v he_o and_o make_v braccio_fw-mi da_fw-mi montone_n her_o general_n the_o state_n of_o ittaly_n the_o convenience_n of_o colonies_n the_o original_a of_o florence_n the_o denomination_n of_o florence_n the_o first_o division_n of_o florence_n the_o guelf_n and_o ghibilin_n faction_n in_o florence_n the_o union_n &_o government_n of_o the_o city_n of_o florence_n the_o antiani_n the_o captain_n of_o the_o people_n and_o podesta_n their_o militia_n a_o generous_a custom_n manfredi_n king_n of_o naples_n a_o great_a patron_n of_o the_o ghibiline_n ferinata_n uberti_n carlo_n d'_fw-fr anio_n call_v into_o italy_n by_o the_o pope_n a_o new_a model_n in_o florence_n new_a commotion_n a_o second_o model_n by_o the_o guelf_n the_o 12_o buoni_n huomini_fw-la la_fw-fr credenza_n gregory_n x._o florence_n under_o excommunication_n innocent_a 5._o the_o jealousy_n of_o the_o pope_n nicolas_n 3_o the_o ghibiline_n return_n martinus_n pope_n the_o government_n reform_v by_o the_o citizen_n the_o three_o priori_fw-la to_o goxern_v two_o month_n to_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o city_n indifferent_o the_n segnori_fw-it discord_n betwixt_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n the_o priori_fw-la the_o gonfaloniere_n persuasion_n to_o the_o nobility_n to_o be_v quiet_a the_o 〈◊〉_d to_o the_o people_n new_a reformation_n in_o florence_n 1298._o the_o differen_n â—ein_o the_o family_n of_o the_o cancellieri_n the_o occasion_n and_o consequence_n the_o biaâ—chi_n and_o nerâ—â—_n charles_n of_o valoâ—s_n make_v governor_n of_o florence_n new_a trouble_v occasion_v by_o corso_n donati_n the_o medici_n and_o giugni_n florence_n burn_v 1304._o corso_n donati_n condemn_a his_o death_n 1308._o new_a division_n laudo_fw-la de_fw-la agobbio_n castruccio_n castracani_n the_o council_n of_o the_o signori_fw-it to_o â—it_n forty_o month_n whereas_o before_o it_o be_v occasional_a election_n of_o magistrate_n by_o imborsation_n ramondo_n da_o cardona_n general_n of_o the_o florentine_n the_o duke_n of_o athens_n governor_n of_o florence_n lod_n the_o emperor_n call_v into_o italy_n the_o death_n of_o castruccio_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o calabria_n new_a reformation_n the_o florentine_n quiet_a at_o home_n their_o building_n a_o captain_n of_o the_o guard_n maffeo_n da_o muradi_n lucca_n sell_v to_o the_o florentine_n take_a from_o they_o by_o the_o pisans_n the_o duke_n of_o athens_n the_o speech_n of_o one_o of_o the_o senator_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o athens_n the_o duke_n answer_n 1342._o the_o duke_n of_o athens_n choose_v prince_n by_o the_o people_n the_o duke_n of_o athens_n his_o practice_n in_o florence_n 〈◊〉_d morrozzâ—_n three_o conspiracy_n aganist_n the_o duke_n at_o one_o time_n commotion_n in_o florence_n the_o duke_n expel_v his_o character_n new_a reformation_n the_o nobilty_a depose_v the_o nobility_n attempt_v to_o recover_v their_o authority_n the_o people_n arm_v against_o they_o the_o nobility_n utter_o depress_v emulation_n betwixt_o the_o â—iddle_n and_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n the_o ammoniti_fw-la the_o citizen_n oration_n to_o the_o senate_n new_a reformation_n gregory_n xi_o hold_v his_o residence_n at_o avignon_n new_a commission_n for_o the_o management_n of_o the_o war._n 1377._o a_o conspiracy_n of_o the_o guelf_n the_o conspiracy_n defeat_v the_o speech_n of_o salvestro_n de_fw-fr medici_n the_o balia_n reformation_n again_o luigi_n guicciardini_n oration_n new_a trouble_n the_o speech_n of_o a_o plebeian_n the_o people_n rise_v again_o the_o demand_n of_o the_o people_n michaele_n di_fw-fr lando_n michaele_n overcome_v the_o multitude_n the_o popular_a faction_n distinguish_v from_o the_o plebeian_n reformation_n the_o commons_o expel_v from_o the_o government_n 1381._o michaele_n lando_n imprison_v lodovic_n death_n carlo_n d'_fw-fr angio_n '_o s_o death_n magnificencâ—_n envy_v benedetto_n speech_n benedetto_n die_v at_o rhodes_n 1381._o very_fw-la de_fw-it medici_n speech_n to_o the_o senate_n donato_n acciaivoli_n confine_v 1397._o a_o new_a conspiracy_n defeat_v the_o duke_n of_o milan_n practice_n against_o the_o city_n several_a family_n banish_v 1400._o the_o king_n of_o naples_n die_v uzano_n advice_n against_o the_o medici_n philippo_n visconti_n lord_n of_o lombardi_n peace_n betwixt_o elorence_n and_o milan_n imola_n take_v by_o the_o duke_n philip._n the_o florentine_n overthrow_v albizi_n exhortation_n to_o be_v quiet_a rinaldo_n de_fw-fr gli_fw-la albizi_n nicolo_n urano_n giovanni_n de_fw-fr medici_n be_v reply_n to_o rinaldo_n the_o saction_n of_o uzano_n and_o the_o medici_n the_o great_a courage_n of_o biagio_fw-it del_fw-it milano_n the_o cowardice_n of_o zenobi_fw-la del_fw-it pino_n picinino_n revolt_v carmignuola_n general_n of_o the_o league_n catasto_n peace_n betwixt_o the_o league_n and_o the_o duke_n 1428._o giovanni_n de_fw-fr medici_n speech_n to_o his_o son_n at_o his_o death_n cosino_fw-la heir_n his_o father_n giusto_n volterra_fw-la revolt_n giusto_n slay_v rinaldo_n persuade_v the_o war._n uzano_n oppose_v it_o the_o cruelty_n of_o astro._n the_o seravezzesi_n complain_v rinaldo_n accuse_v his_o speech_n to_o the_o ten._n pagolo_fw-la lord_n of_o lucca_n depose_v the_o florentine_n defeat_v 1433._o peace_n betwixt_o the_o florentine_n and_o lucchesi_n nicolo_n da_n uzano_n answer_n to_o barbadori_n federigâ—'s_n speech_n to_o cosimo_n his_o prisoner_n cosimo_n banish_v 1433._o rinaldo_n speech_n to_o his_o friend_n eugenius_n the_o pope_n labour_v a_o peace_n cosimo_n recall_v rinaldo_n answer_n to_o the_o popâ—_n 1433._o the_o soldier_n in_o italy_n distinguish_v into_o two_o party_n the_o duke_n of_o milan_n promise_v his_o daughter_n to_o conte_n fran._n sforza_n the_o pope_n invade_v make_v peace_n with_o fran._n sforza_n war_n in_o romagna_n fran_n sforza_n general_n of_o the_o pope_n league_n peace_n betwixt_o the_o league_n and_o the_o duke_n new_a ordinance_n in_o florence_n alphonso_n bring_v prisoner_n to_o duke_n philip._n the_o dog_n and_o his_o authority_n in_o cenoa_n francisco_n spinola_n genoa_n recover_v its_o liberty_n rinaldo_n oration_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n 1437._o the_o speech_n of_o a_o citizen_n of_o lucca_n to_o the_o people_n jealousy_n betwixt_o the_o venetian_a and_o the_o count_n the_o venetian_n untractable_a conte_n di_fw-fr poppi_n controversy_n betwixt_o the_o greek_a and_o roman_a church_n determine_a at_o florence_n by_o the_o submission_n of_o the_o greek_a the_o pope_n delude_v and_o his_o country_n invade_v by_o piccininâ—_n the_o conte_n earnest_o persuade_v not_o to_o desert_v the_o venetian_n 1438._o neri_n be_v speech_n to_o the_o venetian_a senate_n nicolo_n piccino_n defeat_v by_o the_o count_n escape_n to_o tenna_n and_o from_o thence_o very_o strange_o to_o his_o army_n verona_n surprise_v by_o nicolo_n recover_v by_o the_o count_n the_o duke_n encourage_v in_o his_o expedition_n into_o tuscany_n by_o nicolo_n and_o the_o florentine_a exile_n the_o patriarch_n of_o alexandria_n general_n for_o the_o pope_n the_o patriarch_n a_o friend_n to_o rinaldo_n the_o pope_n discover_v intelligence_n betwixt_o the_o patriarch_n and_o nicolo_n and_o resolve_v to_o secure_v he_o the_o patriarch_n secure_v and_o die_v commissioner_n to_o the_o count_n from_o the_o venetian_n the_o count_n desirous_a to_o follow_v nicolo_n dissuade_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o venice_n they_o 〈◊〉_d to_o a_o resolution_n the_o count_n poppi_n revolt_v from_o the_o floâ—rentine_a nicolo_n ill-advised_a by_o count_n poppi_n nicolo_n practice_n to_o surprise_v crotona_n brescia_n relieve_v the_o battle_n of_o anghiari_n piccinino_n defeat_v poppi_n besiege_v poppi_n speech_n to_o the_o
quality_n florence_n and_o the_o alliance_n betwixt_o they_o then_o be_v the_o first_o time_n it_o ever_o be_v see_v in_o that_o city_n that_o in_o lent_n when_o all_o flesh_n be_v forbid_v by_o the_o church_n it_o be_v eat_v public_o without_o dispensation_n or_o respect_n to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o of_o men._n among_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o show_n which_o be_v make_v to_o entertain_v he_o the_o holy_a ghost_n descend_v upon_o the_o apostle_n be_v represent_v and_o expose_v in_o the_o church_n di_fw-mi s._n spirito_n so_o many_o candle_n be_v use_v in_o the_o solemnity_n that_o some_o of_o they_o take_v fire_n and_o burn_v the_o church_n to_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o judgement_n and_o a_o manifest_a expression_n of_o god_n anger_n towards_o we_o if_o then_o the_o duke_n find_v the_o city_n of_o florence_n full_a of_o niceness_n and_o delicacy_n and_o exorbitance_n in_o their_o manner_n he_o leave_v they_o much_o worse_o when_o he_o go_v away_o so_o 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and_o the_o rather_o because_o encourage_v by_o such_o as_o envy_v tomaso_n he_o declare_v against_o the_o tumult_n resolve_v to_o punish_v they_o by_o force_n and_o affirm_v that_o if_o these_o be_v not_o correct_v in_o terrorem_fw-la upon_o the_o least_o trivial_a and_o impertinent_a occasion_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o territory_n will_v do_v the_o same_o without_o any_o fear_n or_o reverence_n in_o the_o world_n the_o result_n of_o all_o be_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v correct_v answer_n be_v return_v to_o the_o ambassador_n that_o the_o volterrans_n be_v not_o to_o expect_v the_o continuation_n of_o their_o privilege_n have_v break_v they_o themselves_o and_o that_o therefore_o they_o be_v either_o to_o submit_v to_o the_o senate_n without_o any_o capitulation_n or_o to_o expect_v the_o consequence_n of_o war._n the_o volterran_n ambassador_n be_v return_v with_o this_o answer_n they_o prepare_v for_o their_o defence_n fortify_v their_o town_n and_o send_v for_o supply_n to_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n but_o none_o of_o they_o give_v they_o any_o encouragement_n but_o the_o siennesi_n and_o the_o governor_n of_o piombino_n the_o florentine_a on_o the_o other_o side_n place_v much_o of_o their_o success_n in_o their_o speed_n dispatch_v away_o 10000_o foot_n and_o 2000_o horse_n under_o the_o command_n of_o federigo_n lord_n of_o urbino_n who_o fall_v upon_o the_o country_n of_o volterra_n do_v easy_o subdue_v it_o after_o which_o he_o sit_v down_o before_o the_o city_n but_o that_o stand_v high_a and_o the_o hill_n be_v steep_a it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v assault_v but_o on_o that_o side_n where_o the_o church_n of_o s._n alessandro_n stand_v the_o volterrans_n for_o their_o better_a defence_n have_v hire_v about_o 1000_o soldier_n who_o observe_v the_o florentine_n resolution_n to_o carry_v it_o and_o that_o they_o be_v very_o strong_a in_o their_o leaguer_n believe_v it_o untenable_a they_o begin_v to_o be_v remiss_a and_o careless_a in_o their_o duty_n but_o in_o anything_o of_o mischief_n to_o their_o master_n they_o be_v vigorous_a enough_o so_o that_o the_o poor_a citizen_n be_v assault_v without_o and_o abuse_v within_o begin_v to_o incline_v to_o a_o peace_n but_o not_o be_v admit_v to_o condition_n they_o be_v glad_a to_o throw_v themselves_o into_o the_o arm_n of_o their_o enemy_n who_o have_v cause_v they_o to_o open_v the_o gate_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o army_n march_v in_o and_o advancing_z to_o the_o palace_n where_o their_o priori_fw-la be_v assemble_v they_o command_v they_o to_o return_v to_o their_o house_n but_o by_o the_o way_n one_o of_o they_o be_v unlucky_o pillage_v and_o revile_v by_o a_o soldier_n sack_v and_o from_o that_o action_n the_o disposition_n of_o mankind_n prompt_v he_o more_o natural_o to_o mischief_n than_o good_a proceed_v the_o destruction_n of_o that_o city_n which_o for_o a_o whole_a day_n together_o be_v rob_v and_o rummage_v by_o the_o soldier_n neither_o woman_n nor_o child_n nor_o 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those_o day_n the_o pope_n be_v desirous_a to_o keep_v the_o land_n of_o the_o church_n in_o their_o natural_a obedience_n have_v cause_v spoliro_n to_o be_v sack_v which_o town_n by_o instigation_n of_o the_o faction_n within_o it_o have_v be_v in_o rebellion_n and_o the_o city_n of_o castello_n have_v be_v in_o the_o same_o contumacy_n be_v afterward_o besiege_v in_o that_o town_n nicolo_n vitelli_n be_v prince_n who_o retain_v a_o great_a correspondence_n and_o friendship_n with_o lorenzo_n di_fw-it medici_n have_v supply_n send_v he_o from_o florence_n though_o not_o enough_o to_o defend_v nicolo_n yet_o sufficient_a to_o sow_v the_o seed_n of_o such_o enmity_n betwixt_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o medici_n as_o produce_v most_o pernicious_a effect_n nor_o have_v it_o be_v long_o before_o they_o have_v discover_v themselves_o have_v not_o the_o death_n of_o piero_n cardinal_n di_fw-it s._n sisto_n intervene_v for_o that_o cardinal_n have_v travel_v through_o all_o italy_n and_o 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general_n the_o pope_n and_o ferrando_n resolve_v if_o possible_a to_o debauch_v he_o from_o they_o and_o to_o that_o end_n both_o of_o they_o invite_v he_o to_o naples_n federigo_n obey_v with_o great_a astonishment_n and_o displeasure_n to_o the_o florentine_n conclude_v he_o will_v run_v the_o same_o fate_n which_o giacopo_n piccinino_n have_v do_v before_o he_o but_o they_o be_v utter_o mistake_v for_o federigo_n return_v with_o great_a honour_n from_o naples_n and_o rome_n and_o be_v make_v general_n of_o their_o league_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o pope_n and_o the_o king_n be_v not_o idle_a but_o still_o feeling_n and_o tempt_v the_o senate_n of_o romagna_n and_o sienna_n to_o make_v they_o their_o friend_n and_o enable_v themselves_o thereby_o to_o be_v revenge_v on_o the_o florentine_n of_o which_o the_o florentine_n have_v advertisement_n they_o provide_v such_o remedy_n against_o their_o ambition_n as_o will_v consist_v with_o their_o time_n and_o have_v lose_v federigo_n they_o entertain_v roberto_n do_v pimino_n into_o their_o pay_n they_o renew_v their_o league_n with_o the_o citizen_n of_o perugia_n and_o the_o senate_n of_o faenza_n the_o pope_n and_o the_o king_n pretend_v that_o the_o ground_n of_o their_o dissatisfaction_n be_v for_o that_o they_o have_v seduce_v the_o venetian_n from_o their_o league_n and_o associate_v with_o they_o themselves_o and_o the_o pope_n do_v not_o think_v that_o he_o can_v preserve_v the_o honour_n and_o reputation_n of_o the_o church_n nor_o count_n girolamo_n his_o sovereignty_n in_o romagna_n whilst_o the_o venetian_a and_o florentine_a be_v unite_v the_o florentine_n on_o the_o other_o side_n fear_v that_o they_o do_v not_o desire_v to_o separate_v they_o from_o the_o venetian_n so_o much_o to_o make_v they_o their_o friend_n as_o to_o enable_v themselves_o more_o easy_o to_o injure_v they_o so_o that_o for_o two_o year_n together_o italy_n remain_v under_o these_o jealousy_n and_o diversity_n of_o humour_n 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education_n not_o under_o