their_o estate_n lewis_n maintain_v himself_o against_o his_o fulmination_n both_o by_o a_o assembly_n of_o his_o prelate_n at_o tours_n who_o clear_v the_o obligation_n of_o the_o king_n conscience_n as_o his_o history_n speak_v and_o especial_o by_o arm_n whereby_o he_o repress_v all_o the_o invader_n of_o his_o state_n and_o put_v they_o to_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o own_o but_o john_n d'_fw-fr albret_n and_o catherine_n of_o navarra_n be_v expel_v from_o their_o state_n by_o ferdinand_n the_o catholic_a who_o make_v a_o show_n to_o pass_v into_o guienne_n to_o join_v with_o the_o english_a and_o seize_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o papal_a interdict_v sudden_o turn_v upon_o navarra_n and_o take_v it_o an._n 1512._o both_o because_o john_n d'_fw-fr albret_n be_v unite_v with_o the_o french_a king_n who_o be_v a_o rebel_n against_o the_o church_n and_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o english_a with_o who_o ferdinand_n have_v alliance_n also_o because_o the_o spaniard_n hold_v that_o there_o be_v a_o tacit_n agreement_n between_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n not_o to_o suffer_v that_o any_o of_o the_o spanish_a crown_n shall_v fall_v into_o foreign_a hand_n or_o into_o house_n not_o sovereign_a as_o those_o of_o foix_n and_o albret_n as_o the_o reason_n and_o pretence_n of_o that_o invasion_n be_v leight_n and_o groundless_a the_o french_a stand_n to_o their_o right_n to_o this_o day_n against_o that_o manifest_a invasion_n and_o hinder_v the_o prescription_n by_o arm_n treaty_n and_o protestation_n paragraphe_n iu._n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n cassan_n in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n with_o more_o zeal_n than_o judgement_n will_v ground_v those_o right_n upon_o conquest_n 800._o year_n old_a and_o ancient_a expedition_n of_o the_o french_a king_n into_o spain_n where_o they_o take_v some_o town_n of_o navarra_n arragon_n and_o catalonia_n not_o consider_v the_o many_o change_n of_o succession_n in_o so_o many_o year_n the_o conquest_n of_o catalonia_n and_o arragon_n by_o charlemain_n give_v to_o the_o french_a no_o more_o right_a there_o in_o these_o time_n than_o those_o of_o caesar_n in_o france_n to_o the_o now_o emperor_n the_o right_n of_o the_o french_a over_o arragon_n catalonia_n &_o roussillon_n which_o have_v some_o ground_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o two_o head_n the_o first_o be_v how_o charles_n count_n of_o anjou_n brother_n to_o saint_n lewis_n be_v invest_v with_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o two_o sicily_n against_o the_o child_n of_o the_o emperor_n friderick_n the_o ii_o peter_n king_n of_o arragon_n who_o have_v marry_v constance_n daughter_n to_o manfred_n bastard_n of_o frederick_n claim_v that_o kingdom_n from_o his_o wife_n make_v those_o bloody_a sicilian_a vesper_n an._n 1281._o a_o action_n which_o do_v incense_v the_o whole_a christendom_n against_o that_o peter_n well_o surname_v the_o cruel_a pope_n martin_n the_o iv_o especial_o a_o frenchman_n by_o birth_n and_o affection_n who_o excommunicate_v peter_n and_o put_v his_o kingdom_n in_o interdict_v not_o only_o by_o the_o general_a maxim_n of_o the_o pope_n that_o in_o certain_a case_n they_o have_v power_n over_o the_o temporal_n of_o king_n but_o because_o arragon_n have_v be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n a_o fee_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n so_o the_o pope_n deal_v with_o that_o perfidious_a king_n as_o sovereign_n of_o arragon_n to_o that_o purpose_n he_o send_v a_o legate_n into_o france_n which_o offer_v the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n to_o king_n philip_n le_fw-fr hardy_n for_o his_o son_n charles_n count_n of_o valois_n whereupon_o philip_n assemble_v the_o state_n general_n at_o paris_n accept_v the_o pope_n gift_n and_o undertake_v the_o war_n against_o peter_n take_v arragon_n gatalonia_n &_o valentia_n and_o invest_v his_o son_n charles_n with_o these_o kingdom_n pay_v five_o hundred_o liver_n yearly_a to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n it_o be_v true_a that_o after_o these_o conquest_n king_n philip_n as_o he_o return_v into_o france_n dye_v at_o perpignan_n and_o the_o french_a soon_o after_o lose_v all_o that_o country_n yet_o their_o right_n if_o they_o have_v any_o by_o the_o donation_n of_o the_o pope_n remain_v as_o good_a as_o before_o but_o the_o spaniard_n contradict_v that_o right_n say_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o great_a confusion_n about_o that_o quarrel_n a_o marriage_n be_v make_v between_o that_o charles_n de_fw-fr valois_n pretend_v king_n of_o arragon_n and_z margaret_z daughter_n to_o charles_n the_o two_o king_n of_o naples_n to_o which_o margaret_n the_o county_n of_o anjou_n and_o maine_n be_v give_v for_o her_o portion_n which_o have_v be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o charles_n brother_n to_o st_n lewis_n and_o by_o he_o unite_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n with_o this_o proviso_n that_o though_o margaret_n shall_v die_v without_o issue_n charles_n shall_v possess_v these_o county_n yield_v all_o his_o right_n and_o claim_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n which_o charles_n do_v and_o so_o that_o great_a difference_n be_v end_v the_o second_o head_n whence_o the_o claim_n of_o the_o french_a upon_o arragon_n do_v arise_v regard_v the_o second_o house_n of_o anjou_n the_o second_o son_n of_o king_n john_n of_o france_n be_v lewis_n who_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o duchy_n of_o anjou_n a_o prince_n well_o know_v in_o history_n as_o he_o that_o be_v make_v regent_n of_o france_n in_o the_o minority_n of_o charles_n the_o vi_o and_o after_o invest_v with_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n by_o queen_n jane_n the_o first_o a_o right_n which_o he_o prosecute_v and_o perish_v in_o the_o prosecution_n but_o he_o leave_v the_o title_n to_o his_o child_n his_o son_n lewis_n the_o two_o marry_v yoland_n daughter_n to_o john_n the_o i._o king_n of_o arragon_n and_o of_o yoland_n of_o bar_n his_o wife_n the_o elder_a sister_n of_o that_o yoland_n wife_n to_o lewis_n the_o two_o of_o anjou_n which_o be_v jane_n countess_n of_o foix_n be_v dead_a without_o issue_n and_o no_o child_n remain_v of_o john_n of_o arragon_n but_o that_o yoland_n duchess_n of_o anjou_n she_o be_v the_o undoubted_a heir_n of_o that_o state_n but_o her_o uucle_n martin_n duke_n of_o montblant_n seize_v upon_o it_o lewis_n send_v the_o bishop_n of_o couserans_n to_o represent_v his_o right_n and_o when_o after_o the_o death_n of_o martin_n he_o will_v dispute_v his_o right_n by_o the_o sword_n he_o be_v persuade_v to_o put_v the_o business_n to_o a_o arbitrement_n for_o the_o peer_n and_o people_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n have_v choose_v arbitrator_n to_o umpire_n the_o business_n between_o lewis_n and_o martin_n and_o examine_v the_o claim_n of_o other_o pretender_n and_o though_o the_o umpire_n be_v almost_o all_o arragones_n they_o will_v not_o pronounce_v any_o thing_n so_o that_o quarrel_n remain_v undecided_a and_o after_o the_o death_n of_o two_o martins_n father_n and_o son_n the_o arbitration_n be_v renew_v nine_o arbitrator_n defer_v the_o kingdom_n to_o ferdinand_n brother_n to_o henry_n the_o iii_o king_n of_o castilia_n that_o sentence_n be_v confirm_v by_o the_o antipope_n benedict_n the_o xiii_o who_o be_v forsake_v almost_o by_o all_o the_o world_n have_v take_v sanctuary_n in_o arragon_n against_o the_o nullity_n of_o that_o sentence_n the_o child_n of_o yoland_n lewis_n the_o iii_o of_o anjou_n and_o rené_fw-fr do_v protest_v yea_o the_o child_n of_o rené_fw-fr make_v war_n in_o arragon_n to_o recover_v it_o in_o the_o time_n of_o lewis_n the_o xi_o of_o france_n but_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o forsake_v all_o and_o arragon_n remain_v with_o the_o usurper_n unto_o this_o day_n yet_o i_o see_v not_o that_o the_o french_a urge_v much_o that_o claim_n be_v somewhat_o too_o old_a to_o be_v now_o revive_v paragraphe_n v._o of_o catalonia_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o catalonia_n which_o be_v a_o great_a province_n of_o spain_n bound_v on_o the_o east_n and_o south_n with_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n with_o valentia_n arragon_n and_o roussillon_n it_o be_v both_o before_o the_o roman_n and_o under_o they_o part_n of_o hispania_n tarraconensis_n as_o arragon_n and_o other_o country_n near_o the_o river_n of_o ebro_n since_o which_o time_n be_v conquer_v by_o the_o gotth_n and_o alans_n together_o it_o be_v call_v by_o they_o gottalania_n which_o name_n be_v since_o corrupt_v to_o catalaunia_n it_o be_v under_o the_o king_n of_o the_o gotth_n till_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o saracen_n a_o 713._o who_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o as_o of_o most_o part_n of_o spain_n but_o charlemain_n take_v it_o from_o they_o and_o all_o the_o country_n near_o the_o river_n of_o ebro_n about_o the_o year_n 800._o expelling_a zaron_n the_o moor_n out_o of_o barcelona_n and_o put_v a_o french_a garrison_n in_o it_o not_o long_o after_o he_o
die_v a_o 1467._o charles_n succeed_v he_o 6._o this_o new_a duke_n of_o burgundy_n be_v much_o consider_v in_o france_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o great_a land_n and_o turbulent_a spirit_n all_o his_o time_n he_o be_v in_o war_n with_o the_o king_n and_o bring_v the_o english_a into_o france_n the_o king_n also_o do_v raise_v he_o enemy_n which_o his_o own_o rashness_n do_v multiply_v he_o be_v defeat_v by_o the_o swisser_n at_o granson_n and_o morat_n and_o kill_v before_o nancy_n a_o 1477._o 7._o after_o his_o death_n lewis_n take_v the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n and_o province_n annex_v to_o it_o give_v by_o charles_n the_o vii_o to_o philip_n le_fw-fr bon_fw-fr as_o a_o masculine_a apanage_n with_o the_o town_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o somme_n which_o charles_n be_v to_o hold_v all_o his_o life_n not_o leave_v it_o to_o his_o heir_n he_o seize_v also_o upon_o the_o town_n of_o arras_n upon_o which_o he_o pretend_v a_o right_n he_o do_v his_o utmost_a to_o catch_v mary_n the_o inheritrix_n of_o charles_n and_o desire_v the_o people_n of_o gant_n to_o deliver_v she_o into_o his_o hand_n or_o make_v she_o marry_v charles_n the_o dolphin_n but_o they_o protect_v she_o and_o soon_o after_o maximilian_n of_o austria_n marry_v she_o 8._o in_o spain_n after_o the_o interview_n of_o the_o two_o king_n lewis_n of_o france_n and_z henry_n of_o castilia_n and_o the_o sale_n or_o pawn_n of_o the_o country_n of_o roussillon_n king_n john_n of_o arragon_n see_v that_o lewis_n have_v arbitrate_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o castilian_a and_o have_v send_v john_n duke_n of_o calabria_n for_o the_o conquest_n of_o arragon_n take_v his_o time_n when_o the_o league_n in_o france_n be_v strong_a against_o the_o king_n to_o make_v perpignan_n revolt_v against_o the_o french_a the_o garrison_n retire_v into_o the_o citadel_n and_o make_v it_o good_a till_o the_o town_n be_v besiege_v by_o lewis_n and_o constrain_v to_o return_v to_o his_o obedience_n paragraphe_n ii_o from_o the_o marriage_n of_o maximilian_n with_o mary_n unto_o his_o death_n this_o period_n of_o forty_o year_n comprehend_v four_o reign_n of_o the_o french_a king_n the_o end_n of_o lewis_n the_o xi_o charles_n the_o viii_o lewis_n the_o xii_o and_o the_o beginning_n of_o francis_n the_o i_o in_o which_o space_n the_o greatness_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n be_v found_v by_o her_o union_n with_o that_o of_o burgundy_n and_o then_o with_o castilia_n and_o arragon_n under_o lewis_n the_o xi_o since_o the_o death_n of_o duke_n charles_n three_o remarkable_a thing_n happen_v under_o lewis_n the_o xi_o marry_o inheritrix_n of_o burgundy_n who_o her_o father_n have_v promise_v to_o many_o prince_n in_o the_o end_n be_v marry_v to_o maximilian_n of_o austria_n an_z 1478._o lewis_n will_v have_v she_o for_o charles_n the_o dâ—lphin_n but_o he_o be_v but_o six_o year_n old_a and_o she_o above_o fifteen_o year_n elder_a than_o he_o that_o prefer_v of_o maximilian_n before_o charles_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o many_o evil_n to_o france_n 1._o the_o loss_n of_o all_o that_o mary_n possess_v which_o may_v have_v be_v unite_v with_o france_n 2._o the_o increase_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n which_o begin_v then_o to_o be_v jealous_a of_o france_n which_o she_o be_v very_o far_o from_o before_o that_o alliance_n 3._o great_a war_n and_o endless_a envy_n by_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o these_o two_o great_a house_n that_o marriage_n last_v but_o four_o year_n mary_n die_v of_o a_o fall_n from_o her_o horse_n as_o she_o be_v hunt_v she_o leave_v two_o child_n philip_n archduke_n of_o austria_n father_z to_z charles_n the_o v._o and_o margaret_n 2._o by_o the_o jealousy_n rise_v between_o france_n and_o austria_n by_o that_o marriage_n and_o incense_v by_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n a_o great_a lord_n of_o french_a county_n they_o break_v into_o open_a war_n and_o the_o battle_n of_o guinegast_n be_v fight_v of_o which_o the_o event_n be_v so_o uncertain_a that_o both_o party_n ascribe_v to_o themselves_o the_o victory_n 3._o marry_o of_o burgundy_n be_v dead_a the_o fleming_n especial_o the_o gantois_n always_o mutinous_a will_v expel_v maximilian_n and_o dispose_v of_o mary_n child_n they_o matryed_z margaret_z to_z charles_n the_o dolphin_n and_o appoint_v for_o her_o portion_n the_o county_n of_o artois_n french_fw-mi county_n and_o other_o land_n margaret_n be_v then_o but_o two_o year_n old_a and_z charles_n twelve_z but_o charles_n be_v marry_v since_o with_o anne_n duchess_n of_o britain_n margaret_n be_v send_v back_o to_o her_o father_n maximilian_n which_o be_v a_o new_a cause_n of_o jealousy_n between_o these_o two_o family_n this_o margaret_n be_v separate_v from_o charles_n be_v marry_v to_o john_n son_n of_o ferdinand_n of_o arragon_n and_o isabel_n of_o castilia_n who_o she_o never_o see_v then_o she_o be_v for_o the_o three_o time_n marry_v with_o philibert_n the_o two_o duke_n of_o savoy_n they_o say_v of_o she_o that_o she_o be_v three_o time_n marry_v and_o die_v a_o virgin_n under_o charles_n the_o viii_o 1._o charles_n the_o viii_o have_v civil_a war_n against_o lewis_n duke_n of_o orleans_n the_o duke_n of_o britain_n and_o other_o which_o end_v by_o the_o battle_n of_o st._n aubin_n after_o which_o charles_n marry_v anne_n the_o inheritrix_n of_o britain_n whereby_o he_o offer_v two_o affront_n unto_o maximilian_n the_o one_o that_o he_o send_v he_o back_o his_o daughter_n margaret_n with_o who_o he_o have_v be_v marry_v seven_o or_o eight_o year_n the_o other_o that_o he_o marry_v she_o with_o who_o maximilian_n be_v marry_v by_o proxy_n for_o in_o britain_n all_o the_o proclamation_n be_v then_o make_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o duchess_n and_o of_o the_o archduke_n of_o austria_n upon_o which_o maximilian_n make_v war_n against_o charles_n and_o take_v the_o town_n of_o arras_n st_n omer_n and_o other_o place_n which_o the_o french_a hold_v as_o yet_o in_o artois_n but_o a_o peace_n be_v make_v a_o 1493._o by_o which_o charles_n be_v within_o four_o year_n to_o restore_v the_o french_fw-mi county_n and_o some_o town_n which_o he_o hold_v in_o artois_n unto_o philip_n the_o heir_n of_o netherlands_n son_n to_o maximilian_n an._n 1494._o charles_n restore_v to_o ferdinand_n king_n of_o arragon_n perpignan_n and_o the_o county_n of_o roussillon_n though_o he_o receive_v not_o the_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n which_o it_o be_v paw_v for_o the_o reason_n why_o charles_n do_v so_o we_o have_v declare_v before_o 3._o the_o same_o year_n be_v the_o expedition_n of_o charles_n the_o viii_o into_o naples_n against_o the_o house_n of_o arragon_n to_o that_o which_o we_o have_v say_v of_o that_o quarrel_n this_o must_v be_v add_v alphonsus_n who_o be_v adopt_v by_o queen_n jane_n the_o ii_o and_o in_o the_o end_n expel_v the_o house_n of_o anjou_n out_o of_o italy_n leave_v naples_n to_o ferdinand_n his_o bastard_n say_v that_o he_o can_v lawful_o do_v it_o because_o it_o be_v his_o own_o conquest_n the_o house_n of_o that_o bastard_n enjoy_v it_o after_o he_o and_o have_v four_o prince_n ferdinand_z the_o bastard_z alphonsus_n his_o son_n ferdinand_n his_o grandchild_n and_o after_o he_o friderick_n uncle_n to_o this_o last_o ferdinand_n and_o brother_n of_o alphonsus_n although_o that_o house_n of_o bastard_n enjoy_v naples_n the_o king_n of_o arragon_n will_v say_v that_o it_o be_v by_o their_o toleration_n because_o alphonsus_n king_n of_o arragon_n who_o have_v be_v adopt_v by_o jane_n the_o ii_o have_v conquer_v naples_n with_o the_o arm_n the_o blood_n and_o the_o money_n of_o arragon_n &_o that_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v leave_v it_o to_o any_o but_o his_o brother_n john_n king_n after_o he_o of_o arragon_n wherefore_o ch._n viii_o fear_v lest_o ferdinand_n king_n of_o arragon_n son_n to_o john_n shall_v disturb_v his_o conquest_n of_o naples_n either_o to_o assist_v that_o bastard_n house_n or_o to_o make_v it_o his_o own_o conquest_n restore_v unto_o he_o the_o county_n of_o roussillon_n gratis_o upon_o ferdinand_n promise_n not_o to_o disturb_v he_o yea_o &_o to_o help_v he_o but_o ferdinand_n break_v his_o word_n with_o he_o what_o be_v the_o right_n of_o charles_n be_v show_v before_o charles_n with_o great_a expedition_n pass_v through_o piedmont_n milan_n pisa_n florence_n rome_n get_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n without_o difficulty_n and_o govern_v it_o without_o prudence_n and_o instant_o lose_v it_o by_o the_o ill_a behaviour_n of_o his_o minister_n which_o get_v he_o the_o hatred_n of_o the_o neapolitan_n a_o league_n be_v make_v by_o the_o pope_n the_o venetian_n the_o king_n of_o naples_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n not_o only_o to_o stay_v his_o conquest_n but_o to_o stop_v his_o return_n and_o destroy_v he_o in_o italy_n the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n of_o the_o league_n
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recover_v except_v the_o castle_n under_o lewis_n the_o xii_o in_o sixteen_o year_n that_o lewis_n reign_v he_o have_v war_n with_o philip_n of_o austria_n ferdinand_z king_n of_o arragon_n ludovick_n duke_n of_o milan_n and_o the_o king_n of_o naples_n of_o the_o bastard_n branch_n of_o arragon_n 1._o an._n 1499._o philip_n archduke_n of_o austria_n do_v homage_n at_o arras_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o guy_n de_fw-fr rochfort_n chancellor_n of_o france_n for_o the_o county_n of_o flanders_n artois_n and_o charolois_n a_o solemn_a action_n do_v with_o great_a pomp_n and_o many_o formality_n 2._o in_o the_o year_n 1499._o and_o 1500._o lewis_n conquer_v the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n from_o ludovick_n lose_v it_o by_o the_o return_n of_o ludovick_n out_o of_o germany_n regain_n it_o by_o take_v and_o imprison_a ludovick_n and_o by_o the_o chase_n which_o he_o give_v to_o his_o son_n maximilian_n and_o francis_n 3._o from_o thence_o he_o go_v to_o naples_n conquer_v it_o from_o friderick_n the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o bastard_n branch_n of_o arragon_n who_o put_v himself_o into_o the_o king_n hand_n the_o king_n recompense_v he_o with_o the_o duchy_n of_o anjou_n a_o pension_n of_o thirty_o thousand_o crown_n and_o the_o first_o place_n in_o the_o council_n ferdinand_n king_n of_o arragon_n see_v that_o bastard_n branch_n fall_v renew_v his_o pretence_n to_o naples_n lewis_n compound_v with_o he_o and_o they_o share_v the_o kingdom_n the_o king_n of_o arragon_n have_v for_o his_o part_n calabria_n &_o puglia_n the_o rest_n remain_v to_o the_o french_a but_o soon_o after_o upon_o some_o difference_n which_o arise_v between_o the_o french_a and_o the_o spaniard_n for_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o country_n of_o abruzzo_n and_o some_o salt-pit_n the_o grand_a capitan_n gonsalvo_n de_fw-fr cordova_n take_v arm_n and_o expel_v the_o french_a an_z 1503._o 4._o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n after_o the_o year_n 1593._o see_v the_o house_n of_o sforza_n degrade_v from_o milan_n but_o two_o son_n remain_v threaten_v lewis_n of_o the_o imperial_a ban._n lewis_n appease_v he_o and_o obtain_v the_o investiture_n of_o the_o year_n 1505._o and_o promise_v his_o daughter_n claud_n to_o charles_n duke_n of_o luxemburg_n who_o since_o be_v emperor_n but_o soon_o after_o lewis_n who_o love_v dear_o francis_n d'_fw-fr angoulesme_fw-fr his_o cousin_n and_o first_o prince_n of_o his_o blood_n make_v he_o marry_v claud_n by_o the_o counsel_n of_o the_o great_a man_n of_o his_o kingdom_n notwithstanding_o the_o promise_n make_v to_o maximilian_n this_o anger_v very_o much_o philip_n father_n to_o charles_n who_o will_v have_v take_v a_o revenge_n of_o that_o wrong_n have_v he_o not_o be_v prevent_v with_o death_n a_o 1506._o he_o have_v marry_v jane_n the_o great_a inheritrix_n of_o spain_n by_o who_o he_o have_v many_o child_n 5._o yet_o philip_n before_o he_o die_v reconcile_a himself_o with_o lewis_n yea_o and_o recommend_v to_o he_o the_o tuition_n of_o his_o son_n charles_n which_o lewis_n accept_v and_o give_v he_o antony_n de_fw-fr ceures_fw-fr lord_n of_o crovy_a for_o his_o governor_n a_o wise_a knight_n who_o form_v that_o young_a spirit_n to_o great_a business_n in_o which_o charles_n excel_v afterward_o 6._o an._n 1507._o the_o city_n of_o genoa_n which_o have_v be_v conquer_v with_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n and_o where_o lewis_n have_v make_v a_o glorious_a entry_n revolt_v from_o he_o lewis_n pass_v into_o italy_n and_o bring_v she_o to_o subjection_n it_o be_v at_o that_o time_n that_o ferdinand_n of_o arragon_n return_v from_o his_o new_a conquest_n of_o naples_n see_v lewis_n the_o xii_o at_o savone_n a_o town_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o genoa_n in_o that_o interview_n ferdinand_n who_o be_v then_o king_n of_o two_o little_a kingdom_n only_o both_o depend_v from_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n refuse_v always_o the_o honour_n and_o the_o precedence_n which_o lewis_n will_v give_v he_o as_o it_o be_v usual_a to_o do_v to_o stranger_n when_o one_o be_v at_o home_n even_o to_o inferior_n he_o will_v salute_v lewis_n at_o his_o rise_n and_o attend_v he_o go_v to_o mass_n lewis_n whensoever_o he_o give_v to_o ferdinand_n the_o precedence_n make_v he_o understand_v that_o he_o do_v it_o out_o of_o civi_fw-la lity_n not_o out_o of_o duty_n go_v before_o say_v he_o to_o he_o for_o if_o i_o be_v at_o your_o house_n and_o in_o your_o country_n i_o will_v in_o the_o like_a case_n do_v what_o you_o will_v desire_v of_o i_o but_o because_o you_o be_v in_o my_o country_n you_o shall_v do_v so_o for_o it_o be_v my_o will_n and_o i_o beseech_v you_o so_o to_o do_v that_o may_v be_v do_v then_o without_o prejudice_n when_o the_o house_n of_o arragon_n be_v far_o under_o the_o splendour_n of_o that_o of_o france_n and_o be_v not_o so_o arrogant_a as_o now_o how_o such_o another_o encounter_n shall_v be_v order_v in_o these_o day_n in_o point_n of_o civility_n it_o be_v more_o than_o i_o can_v determine_v an._n 1508._o the_o league_n of_o cambray_n be_v make_v of_o pope_n juliet_n the_o ii_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n lewis_n king_n of_o france_n and_z ferdinand_z king_n of_o arragon_n and_o naples_n to_o beat_v down_o the_o arrogancy_n of_o the_o venetian_n who_o during_o the_o confusion_n of_o italy_n have_v encroach_v upon_o all_o their_o estate_n the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o church_n the_o empire_n milan_n and_o naples_n whence_o follow_v the_o battle_n of_o aignadel_n which_o lewis_n win_v of_o the_o venetian_n which_o make_v he_o so_o glorious_a that_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n grow_v jealous_a of_o he_o ferdinand_n leave_v the_o alliance_n of_o lewis_n who_o have_v restore_v unto_o he_o all_o the_o town_n which_o the_o venetian_n hold_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o make_v war_n against_o he_o lewis_n win_v the_o battle_n of_o ravenna_n against_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o spaniard_n a_o 1512._o 8._o pope_n juliet_n the_o two_o be_v declare_v enemy_n to_o lewis_n and_o all_o his_o 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of_o austria_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o charles_n then_o of_o the_o age_n of_o fifteen_o year_n who_o possess_v all_o the_o low_a country_n by_o his_o father_n philip_n of_o austria_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o castilia_n from_o his_o mother_n jane_n of_o arragon_n maximilian_n be_v yet_o live_v enjoy_v the_o arch-dutchy_a of_o austria_n his_o other_o grandfather_n ferdinand_n be_v king_n of_o arragon_n and_o naples_n both_o very_a old_a and_o break_a charles_n be_v their_o heir_n apparent_a 1._o francis_n the_o i._o come_v to_o the_o crown_n receive_v the_o homage_n of_o the_o count_n of_o nassau_n in_o the_o name_n of_o charles_n count_n of_o flanders_n and_o artor_n to_o who_o he_o promise_v renee_n second_o daughter_n to_o lewis_n the_o xii_o but_o that_o marriage_n be_v not_o fulfil_v he_o confirm_v also_o that_o peace_n with_o ferdinand_n which_o lewis_n
frontier_n of_o spain_n the_o duke_n de_fw-fr l'_fw-fr infantasqua_n and_o the_o cardinal_n of_o burgos_n come_v to_o receive_v she_o in_o the_o abbey_n of_o roncevaux_n which_o be_v in_o navarra_n there_o king_n antony_n protest_v that_o the_o queen_n be_v not_o deliver_v upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o spain_n but_o in_o the_o heart_n of_o his_o own_o kingdom_n that_o none_o shall_v believe_v hereafter_o that_o roncevaux_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n under_o charles_n the_o ix_o all_o this_o reign_n pass_v among_o civil_a confusion_n about_o religion_n and_o scarce_o any_o dispute_n be_v between_o the_o two_o crown_n yea_o philip_n furnish_v charles_n many_o time_n with_o force_n to_o subdue_v his_o protestant_a subject_n only_o these_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v remember_v for_o our_o purpose_n 1._o after_o the_o first_o peace_n with_o the_o protestant_n a_o 1564_o charles_n make_v a_o progress_n about_o his_o kingdom_n and_o see_v his_o sister_n elizabeth_n queen_n of_o spain_n at_o bayonne_n there_o the_o queen-mother_n have_v a_o earnest_n and_o secret_a conference_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o alba._n it_o be_v think_v they_o agree_v about_o a_o mutual_a assistance_n between_o the_o two_o crown_n against_o the_o protestant_n of_o france_n and_o netherlands_n for_o in_o that_o year_n 1565._o they_o begin_v to_o stir_v in_o those_o dominion_n of_o the_o spaniard_n philip_z assisted_z charles_n with_o some_o troop_n which_o kindness_n charles_n can_v not_o return_v the_o fire_n be_v kindle_v in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o his_o kingdom_n 2._o an._n 1566._o two_o thing_n be_v near_o to_o have_v make_v a_o breach_n between_o the_o two_o state_n bertrand_n de_fw-fr montlue_n who_o his_o father_n in_o his_o commentary_n call_v captain_n peyrot_n see_v peace_n in_o france_n undertake_v to_o make_v some_o conquest_n upon_o the_o sea_n come_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o madera_n subject_n to_o portugal_n and_o desire_v to_o take_v water_n be_v repulse_v with_o canon-shot_a upon_o which_o he_o make_v a_o descent_n into_o the_o island_n with_o strong_a hand_n besiege_v the_o town_n take_v it_o but_o be_v slay_v in_o that_o exploit_n a_o complaint_n be_v make_v of_o this_o to_o philip_n as_o uncle_n to_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n as_o a_o infraction_n of_o the_o treaty_n in_o which_o portugal_n be_v comprehend_v philip_n incense_v charles_n against_o his_o own_o subject_n about_o this_o but_o the_o admiral_n appease_v charles_n show_v that_o it_o be_v but_o a_o misunderstanding_n among_o private_a person_n another_o business_n of_o that_o nature_n be_v that_o of_o gourgues_n dominique_n de_fw-fr gourgues_n be_v a_o captain_n of_o gascony_n who_o in_o the_o war_n of_o italy_n have_v be_v take_v by_o the_o spaniard_n and_o ill_o use_v in_o prison_n to_o be_v avenge_v of_o they_o he_o go_v to_o florida_n in_o the_o west-indies_n besiege_v the_o fort_n which_o the_o spaniard_n keep_v there_o take_v it_o by_o force_n kills_z or_o hang_v all_o the_o soldier_n then_o return_v into_o france_n of_o this_o philip_n make_v high_a complaint_n unto_o charles_n and_o gourgues_n be_v in_o great_a danger_n of_o his_o life_n but_o he_o be_v protect_v by_o the_o admiral_n of_o chastillon_n a_o protestant_n and_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o spaniard_n he_o represent_v unto_o the_o king_n that_o it_o be_v a_o act_n of_o private_a revenge_n also_o that_o a_o llttle_a before_o melander_n a_o spanish_a captain_n nad_z expel_v out_o of_o the_o same_o fort_n in_o florida_n john_n rebaut_n of_o diepe_a with_o five_o hundred_o frenchman_n who_o he_o have_v kill_v or_o hang_v every_o man_n with_o this_o inscription_n not_o as_o to_o frenchman_n but_o as_o to_o lutheran_n the_o wise_a french_a historian_n affirm_v and_o so_o do_v gourgues_n himself_o that_o not_o any_o private_a revenge_n but_o the_o desire_n to_o punish_v that_o horrible_a treachery_n and_o murder_n upon_o his_o countryman_n make_v he_o undertake_v and_o achieve_v that_o high_a enterprise_n an._n 1570._o charles_n matryed_z elizabeth_z daughter_n to_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n a_o virtuous_a princess_n much_o belove_v of_o her_o husband_n short_o after_o philip_n marry_v another_o daughter_n of_o the_o same_o emperor_n this_o double_a affinity_n do_v confirm_v the_o friendship_n betwixt_o the_o two_o crown_n under_o henry_n the_o iii_o henry_n the_o iii_o return_v out_o of_o poland_n a_o 1574._o pass_v through_o vienna_n where_o he_o be_v well_o receive_v by_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n although_o one_o of_o his_o son_n have_v be_v henry_n competitor_n for_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n yea_o the_o emperor_n give_v he_o wholesome_a counsel_n for_o settle_v peace_n in_o his_o state_n an._n 1577._o the_o protestant_n of_o netherlands_n be_v oppress_v by_o the_o spaniard_n and_o little_o help_v by_o mathias_n brother_n to_o the_o emperor_n rodolphus_n who_o both_o papist_n and_o protestant_n have_v choose_v for_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o spaniard_n the_o state_n of_o those_o province_n call_v francis_n duke_n of_o alencon_n the_o french_a king_n brother_n who_o in_o his_o way_n thither_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o city_n of_o cambray_n but_o be_v ill_o use_v by_o the_o dutch_a he_o return_v home_o without_o do_v any_o thing_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 1583._o he_o come_v again_o with_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o brabant_n and_o count_n of_o flanders_n but_o he_o make_v no_o long_a stay_n there_o have_v make_v a_o malicious_a attempt_n upon_o antwerp_n and_o other_o town_n and_o return_v full_a of_o shame_n he_o die_v at_o chasteau_n thierry_n a_o 1584._o these_o enterprise_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o alencon_n breed_v great_a jealousy_n between_o the_o two_o crown_n and_o be_v take_v for_o a_o breach_n of_o the_o peace_n wherefore_o also_o philip_n assist_v the_o league_n of_o france_n against_o the_o royal_a house_n with_o great_a eagerness_n an._n 1579._o sebastian_z king_n of_o portugal_n be_v dead_a in_o africa_n philip_n king_n of_o spain_n get_v the_o kingdom_n a_o 1580._o among_o his_o competitor_n be_v antony_n bastard_n of_o lewis_n prince_z constable_z of_o portugal_n but_o pretend_v himself_o a_o lawful_a son_n as_o legitimate_a by_o the_o pope_n antony_n expel_v by_o philip_n retire_v into_o england_n where_o find_v no_o countenance_n he_o pass_v into_o france_n agree_v with_o katherine_n the_o queen-mother_n who_o as_o i_o show_v in_o the_o three_o chapter_n have_v great_a pretence_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o portugal_n and_o for_o some_o land_n in_o portugal_n which_o he_o promise_v she_o she_o give_v he_o help_v and_o raise_v a_o army_n of_o frenchman_n under_o peter_n strozzi_n they_o go_v to_o the_o terceras_n where_o some_o land_n hold_v for_o antony_n where_o they_o have_v very_o ill_a success_n that_o enterprise_n exasperate_v philip_n very_o much_o so_o that_o he_o be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o that_o sign_v the_o league_n some_o think_v it_o begin_v at_o the_o death_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o alencon_n when_o none_o remain_v of_o all_o the_o house_n of_o valois_n but_o henry_n the_o iii_o who_o have_v no_o child_n and_o be_v not_o like_a to_o have_v any_o and_o the_o house_n of_o bourbon_n save_v only_o the_o old_a cardinal_n of_o bourbon_n be_v protestant_n or_o favourer_n of_o protestant_n this_o encourage_v the_o spaniard_n to_o trouble_v the_o state_n of_o france_n and_o the_o house_n of_o guise_n to_o set_v up_o for_o themselves_o under_o pretence_n of_o zeal_n of_o religion_n paragraphe_n viii_o from_o the_o death_n of_o the_o duke_n d'alanson_fw-fr 1584._o to_o the_o treaty_n of_o veruins_n 1598._o this_o date_n comprehend_v the_o end_n of_o henry_n the_o iii_o and_o the_o beginning_n of_o henry_n the_o iu_o under_o henry_n the_o iii_o without_o examine_v the_o several_a design_n of_o the_o beague_n this_o only_a we_o must_v know_v that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o alencon_n the_o duke_n of_o guise_n have_v form_v the_o league_n make_v a_o treaty_n with_o philip_n the_o two_o of_o spain_n at_o joinville_n whereby_o philip_n promise_v he_o a_o monthly_a pension_n of_o fifty_o thousand_o crown_n to_o foment_n the_o league_n which_o be_v not_o open_o against_o the_o king_n but_o after_o the_o kill_n of_o the_o guise_n at_o blois_n and_o the_o king_n himself_o have_v enter_v into_o the_o league_n under_o the_o title_n of_o holy_a league_n against_o the_o heretic_n the_o animosity_n and_o design_n of_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n against_o the_o state_n of_o france_n be_v not_o plain_o detect_v under_o this_o reign_n under_o henry_n the_o iu_o here_o the_o league_n do_v rage_n and_o civil_a war_n be_v in_o all_o part_n of_o france_n in_o these_o trouble_v philip_n have_v a_o great_a hand_n and_o henry_n be_v once_o acknowledge_v king_n be_v eeven_a with_o he_o and_o powerful_o war_v against_o he_o but_o these_o thing_n must_v be_v see_v in_o order_n henry_n the_o iii_o be_v stab_v a_o
1589._o after_o he_o have_v see_v the_o revolt_n of_o most_o part_n of_o his_o kingdom_n henry_n the_o iv_o succeed_v he_o and_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o the_o protestant_n and_o part_n of_o the_o papist_n the_o duke_n du_fw-fr maine_n who_o keep_v paris_n receive_v baptista_n taxis_fw-la and_o other_o for_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n who_o raise_v party_n for_o the_o degrade_n of_o the_o house_n of_o bourbon_n and_z the_o advancing_z of_o the_o league_n in_o march_v 1590._o philip_n publish_v a_o edict_n whereby_o he_o exhort_v all_o catholic_a prince_n to_o join_v with_o he_o for_o the_o deliverance_n of_o charles_n the_o x_o mean_v the_o cardinal_n of_o bourbon_n who_o the_o league_n have_v make_v king_n to_o the_o exclusion_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o house_n of_o bourbon_n the_o same_o year_n 1590._o king_n henry_n besiege_v paris_n philip_n send_v the_o duke_n of_o parma_n out_o of_o flanders_n with_o a_o great_a army_n who_o take_v lagny_n and_o raise_v the_o siege_n of_o paris_n the_o next_o year_n after_o the_o cardinal_n of_o bourbon_n be_v dead_a the_o leaguer_n consult_v about_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n many_o of_o the_o seize_v that_o be_v of_o the_o sixteen_o man_n that_o govern_v paris_n affect_v to_o the_o spanish_a party_n vote_v for_o philip_n daughter_n clara_n eugenia_n isabel_n of_o which_o claim_n we_o have_v speak_v before_o but_o the_o duke_n du_fw-fr maine_n who_o desire_v rather_o to_o have_v the_o crown_n either_o for_o himself_o or_o for_o some_o of_o his_o house_n protract_v that_o business_n and_o turn_v it_o over_o to_o the_o state_n general_n of_o the_o league_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n send_v precedent_n jannin_n into_o spain_n unto_o who_o philip_n promise_v all_o assistance_n to_o the_o league_n upon_o condition_n that_o his_o daughter_n shall_v be_v acknowledge_v queen_n either_o alone_a or_o with_o such_o a_o husband_n as_o she_o shall_v choose_v that_o precedent_n return_v much_o offend_v with_o philip_n proceed_v especial_o because_o speak_v of_o the_o town_n of_o france_n he_o will_v say_v my_o city_n of_o paris_n my_o city_n of_o orleans_n and_o ever_o since_o solicit_v the_o duke_n du_fw-fr maine_n to_o reconcile_v himself_o with_o the_o king_n an._n 1591._o king_n henry_n the_o iv_o besiege_v and_o press_v roven_v very_o sore_o the_o duke_n of_o parma_n return_v and_o make_v he_o raise_v the_o siege_n before_o the_o duke_n of_o parma_n come_v into_o france_n he_o propound_v two_o condition_n to_o the_o duke_n du_fw-fr maine_n the_o one_o that_o he_o shall_v put_v the_o town_n of_o la_fw-fr fere_n into_o his_o hand_n which_o he_o do_v and_o the_o parmezan_n put_v a_o garrison_n in_o it_o of_o four_o hundred_o spaniard_n the_o other_o that_o he_o shall_v press_v the_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o league_n to_o declare_v the_o infanta_n queen_n of_o france_n du_n main_a promise_v he_o to_o move_v the_o assembly_n about_o it_o and_o give_v he_o hope_v that_o king_n philip_n shall_v be_v content_v in_o january_n 1593._o be_v the_o open_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o league_n where_o the_o duke_n of_o feria_n extraordinary_a ambassador_n of_o spain_n declare_v his_o master_n zeal_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o religion_n desire_v they_o to_o choose_v a_o catholic_a king_n and_o to_o preserve_v unto_o the_o infanta_n of_o spain_n the_o right_n she_o have_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n upon_o which_o that_o famous_a arrest_n or_o sentence_n be_v give_v by_o the_o parliament_n for_o the_o maintain_n of_o the_o salic_a law_n and_o though_o afterward_o the_o spaniard_n propose_v the_o marriage_n of_o the_o infanta_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o guise_n or_o with_o ernestus_n brother_n to_o the_o emperor_n rodolphus_n they_o be_v rebuke_v by_o the_o state_n as_o make_v a_o proposition_n contrary_n to_o the_o salic_a law_n when_o they_o press_v again_o that_o the_o infanta_n shall_v be_v acknowledge_v queen_n with_o such_o a_o prince_n as_o philip_n shall_v name_v within_o two_o month_n they_o be_v answer_v that_o when_o the_o state_n have_v choose_v a_o catholic_a prince_n if_o he_o be_v not_o marry_v they_o will_v consent_v that_o he_o shall_v marry_v the_o infanta_n but_o the_o hope_n which_o henry_n give_v at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o the_o party_n of_o the_o league_n that_o he_o will_v come_v to_o their_o religion_n destroy_v all_o these_o design_n of_o the_o spaniard_n and_o he_o be_v anoint_v king_n at_o chartes_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o year_n 1594_o and_o soon_o after_o enter_v into_o paris_n whence_o the_o duke_n of_o feria_n depart_v with_o the_o spanish_a garrison_n the_o same_o year_n the_o duke_n du_fw-fr main_n have_v lose_v paris_n and_o see_v the_o league_n fall_v to_o piece_n go_v to_o bruxelles_n and_o ask_v succour_v of_o ernest_n of_o austria_n governor_n of_o the_o country_n who_o send_v charles_n count_n of_o mansfeld_n into_o france_n mansfeld_n take_v la_o capelle_n and_o return_n into_o flanders_n but_o henry_n have_v lay_v the_o siege_n to_o laon_n mansfeld_n return_v and_o in_o vain_a endeavour_v to_o make_v he_o raise_v the_o siege_n the_o king_n take_v laon_n pass_v to_o cambray_n a_o imperial_a town_n which_o balagni_n hold_v with_o the_o title_n of_o prince_n since_o the_o first_o voyage_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o alencon_n the_o king_n confirm_v that_o principality_n to_o he_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o france_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n 1594._o henry_n have_v break_v most_o part_n of_o the_o league_n declare_v war_n to_o the_o spaniard_n by_o the_o counsel_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o bovillon_n by_o reason_n of_o philip_n open_a enmity_n against_o he_o and_o the_o assistance_n which_o he_o have_v give_v to_o the_o league_n and_o because_o he_o hold_v from_o he_o la_fw-fr fere_n and_o la_fw-fr capelle_n that_o declaration_n be_v make_v to_o the_o archduke_n ernest_n he_o answer_v that_o he_o will_v send_v word_n of_o it_o to_o king_n philip_n and_o a_o delay_n of_o two_o month_n be_v grant_v war_n be_v proclaim_v by_o a_o herald_n the_o war_n begin_v the_o duke_n of_o bovillon_n have_v ill_a success_n in_o lutzemburg_n king_n henry_n pass_v into_o burgundy_n make_v his_o entry_n into_o dison_n notwithstanding_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o duke_n du_fw-fr main_fw-fr and_o win_v the_o battle_n of_o fontaine_n francoise_n in_o burgundy_n against_o the_o duke_n du_fw-fr maine_n and_o the_o constable_n of_o castilia_n the_o count_n of_o fuentes_n take_v from_o he_o catelet_n dourlans_n and_o han_n and_o cambray_n from_o balagni_n martial_n d'_fw-fr aumont_n oppose_v the_o spaniard_n in_o britain_n into_o which_o they_o be_v let_v in_o by_o the_o duke_n of_o mercoeur_n governor_n of_o britain_n for_o the_o league_n who_o have_v deliver_v blavet_fw-la into_o their_o hand_n an._n 1595._o king_n henry_n get_v his_o absolution_n from_o pope_n clement_n the_o viii_o the_o spaniard_n oppose_v it_o represent_v henry_n to_o the_o pope_n as_o relapse_v and_o impenitent_a but_o du_n perron_n and_o d'_fw-fr ossat_n since_o make_v cardinal_n overcome_v that_o party_n in_o the_o year_n 1596._o charles_n de_fw-fr casaut_n and_o lovis_fw-la d'_fw-fr aix_n viguier_n of_o marseille_n treat_v with_o the_o spaniard_n to_o deliver_v the_o city_n into_o his_o hand_n but_o peter_n liberta_fw-la keep_v it_o in_o the_o obedience_n of_o his_o sovereign_n henry_n and_o kill_v casaut_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n the_o same_o year_n albert_n cardinal_n of_o austria_n governor_n of_o netherlands_n take_v calais_n and_o ardres_n and_o henry_n retake_v la_n fere._n he_o make_v alliance_n with_o queen_n elizabeth_n of_o england_n with_o the_o state_n of_o holland_n and_o with_o the_o prince_n of_o germany_n in_o the_o year_n 1597._o ferdinand_n teil_n a_o spanish_a captain_n surprise_v amiens_n which_o sudden_o be_v retake_v by_o henry_n cardinal_n albert_n in_o vain_a attempt_v to_o relieve_v it_o the_o year_n before_o the_o cardinal_n of_o medicis_n who_o since_o be_v leo_n the_o xi_o be_v in_o france_n to_o procure_v the_o execution_n of_o the_o article_n promise_v by_o the_o king_n when_o he_o receive_v his_o absolution_n from_o the_o pope_n have_v be_v prepare_v his_o mind_n towards_o a_o peace_n with_o philip_n the_o ii_o who_o see_v himself_o very_o old_a and_o droop_a to_o the_o grave_n seek_v to_o leave_v his_o dominion_n peaceable_a to_o his_o son_n who_o be_v but_o weak_a in_o body_n and_o mind_n henry_n also_o desire_v to_o give_v peace_n to_o his_o subject_n tire_v and_o exhaust_v with_o continual_a war_n forty_o year_n together_o so_o that_o cardinal_n with_o the_o general_n of_o the_o franciscans_n bonaventure_n calatagirona_n a_o sicilian_a dispose_v both_o the_o party_n to_o a_o treaty_n the_o place_n be_v choose_v for_o it_o at_o veruins_n in_o february_n 1598._o where_o a_o perpetual_a peace_n be_v conclude_v between_o the_o two_o crown_n and_o the_o treaty_n
short_o after_o the_o cardinal_n of_o lorraine_n retire_v to_o rome_n and_o ferrier_n declaim_v in_o a_o general_a congregation_n against_o abuse_n and_o disorder_v creep_v into_o the_o church_n and_o spare_v no_o body_n the_o pope_n be_v much_o displease_v at_o it_o and_o to_o allay_v that_o heat_n send_v the_o cardinal_n of_o lorraine_n to_o rome_n with_o full_a authority_n to_o regulate_v all_o with_o the_o legate_n he_o be_v present_a at_o the_o 24_o session_n hold_v november_n 11._o 1563._o which_o be_v of_o the_o sacrament_n of_o marriage_n and_o have_v receive_v order_n from_o france_n to_o return_v without_o delay_n with_o all_o the_o french_a bishop_n the_o legate_n haste_v to_o make_v a_o end_n of_o the_o council_n and_o hold_v the_o 25_o session_n which_o be_v the_o last_o upon_o the_o 3d._n and_o four_o of_o december_n in_o which_o session_n as_o in_o the_o precedent_n the_o ambassador_n keep_v their_o place_n luna_n sit_v by_o the_o secretary_n of_o the_o council_n in_o the_o public_a mass_n neither_o pax_n nor_o censer_n be_v use_v so_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n end_v the_o four_o of_o decem._n 15_o 63._o &_o the_o cardinal_n moron_n at_o that_o time_n the_o first_o precedent_n give_v his_o blessing_n to_o the_o father_n tell_v they_o post_n gratias_fw-la deo_fw-la actas_fw-la reverendissimi_fw-la patres_fw-la item_fw-la in_o pace_n and_o all_o answer_v amen_n but_o because_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o council_n to_o make_v acclamation_n to_o bless_v the_o pope_n that_o have_v assemble_v it_o the_o father_n that_o have_v hold_v it_o and_o the_o prince_n that_o have_v assist_v it_o and_o protect_v the_o church_n the_o cardinal_n of_o lorraine_n take_v himself_o the_o care_n to_o make_v they_o and_o to_o pronounce_v they_o also_o which_o he_o be_v blame_v for_o as_o take_v upon_o he_o that_o care_v which_o less_o become_a his_o eminency_n and_o more_o fit_v for_o deacon_n promotor_n secretary_n and_o master_n of_o ceremony_n especial_o he_o be_v blame_v because_o in_o the_o acclamation_n make_v for_o the_o secular_a prince_n he_o forget_v to_o name_v express_o the_o king_n of_o france_n which_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o bull_n of_o the_o indiction_n as_o we_o say_v before_o and_o the_o omission_n whereof_o in_o the_o call_n again_o of_o the_o council_n by_o pius_n the_o iv_o have_v cause_v so_o much_o discontent_n and_o expostulation_n of_o this_o the_o cardinal_n can_v not_o be_v ignorant_a nor_o pretend_v forgetfulness_n since_o those_o acclamation_n be_v meditate_a and_o write_v down_o there_o be_v two_o acclamation_n the_o first_o for_o the_o memory_n of_o the_o dead_a in_o which_o the_o cardinal_n forget_v to_o express_v the_o name_n of_o francis_n the_o i._o and_o henry_n the_o two_o who_o have_v contribute_v their_o care_n and_o their_o zeal_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o council_n the_o second_o be_v for_o the_o prince_n live_v where_o he_o forget_v charles_n the_o ix_o who_o have_v send_v his_o ambassador_n &_o his_o bishop_n to_o trent_n so_o he_o forget_v both_o the_o dead_a and_o the_o live_n that_o omission_n be_v object_v to_o the_o cardinal_n in_o the_o king_n council_n he_o excuse_v himself_o upon_o the_o fear_n he_o have_v to_o make_v a_o division_n between_o the_o two_o crown_n king_n charles_n be_v yet_o in_o minority_n in_o danger_n of_o a_o civil_a war_n and_o of_o the_o disorder_n which_o germany_n be_v fall_v into_o upon_o the_o quarrel_n of_o religion_n whereby_o the_o king_n may_v have_v need_n of_o philip_n who_o therefore_o he_o will_v not_o provoke_v or_o incense_v against_o france_n thus_o that_o weakness_n which_o the_o cardinal_n and_o the_o french_a ambassador_n show_v in_o the_o congregation_n session_n and_o acclamation_n have_v not_o with_o vigour_n enough_o defend_v the_o right_n of_o their_o master_n be_v defend_v by_o they_o with_o plausible_a reason_n but_o in_o effect_n they_o open_v the_o gate_n to_o the_o pretence_n which_o the_o spaniard_n form_n at_o every_o meeting_n of_o public_a assembly_n procession_n and_o ceremony_n against_o the_o french_a ambassador_n who_o hitherto_o have_v stout_o defend_v their_o right_n at_o least_o they_o have_v keep_v the_o two_o essential_a point_n of_o precedence_n which_o be_v first_o never_o to_o have_v leave_v their_o place_n either_o second_o when_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o emperor_n be_v present_a or_o first_o when_o they_o be_v absent_a the_o other_o never_o to_o have_v suffer_v or_o do_v any_o action_n which_o may_v be_v interpret_v to_o give_v a_o equality_n to_o the_o spaniard_n with_o they_o as_o for_o the_o order_n of_o sit_v which_o shall_v oblige_v the_o spaniard_n to_o sit_v under_o the_o french_a one_o can_v not_o take_v he_o by_o the_o hand_n to_o bring_v he_o to_o a_o assembly_n when_o he_o pretend_v sickness_n or_o business_n but_o if_o he_o appear_v in_o a_o public_a meeting_n the_o french_a suffer_v he_o not_o to_o use_v any_o action_n either_o of_o preference_n or_o equality_n since_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n the_o most_o famous_a meeting_n of_o the_o two_o king_n in_o the_o person_n of_o their_o ambassador_n or_o rather_o the_o only_a be_v that_o of_o veruins_n a_o 1598._o where_o the_o french_a have_v the_o precedence_n as_o we_o show_v before_o finis_fw-la
kingdom_n as_o we_o shall_v say_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n and_o these_o distinguish_v into_o three_o general_a jurisdiction_n of_o castilia_n arragon_n and_o portugal_n it_o be_v true_a that_o since_o the_o late_a war_n the_o revolt_n of_o portugal_n and_o catalonia_n have_v clip_v so_o much_o of_o his_o domtnion_n and_o the_o french_a have_v take_v from_o he_o the_o county_n of_o roussillon_n 2._o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o spain_n he_o possess_v the_o two_o baleares_n mallorca_n and_o minorca_n and_o the_o two_o land_n in_o old_a time_n call_v ophiusae_n now_o ivica_fw-la and_o fromentera_n 3._o in_o italy_n he_o have_v all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n which_o be_v almost_o the_o half_a of_o it_o and_o the_o most_o easterly_a part_n from_o cajeta_n or_o fondi_n to_o the_o golph_n of_o tarento_n and_o the_o straight_a of_o messina_n 4._o in_o the_o same_o italy_n he_o have_v the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n with_o the_o territory_n of_o pavia_n tortona_n cremona_n etc._n etc._n 5._o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o tuscan_a sea_n he_o have_v final_a piombino_n porto_n hercule_n and_o orbitello_n of_o late_o the_o prince_n of_o monaco_n have_v shake_v off_o his_o yoke_n in_o toscana_n the_o great_a duke_n of_o florence_n do_v he_o homage_n for_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o sienna_n and_o owe_v he_o service_n 6._o in_o that_o sea_n about_o italy_n he_o have_v the_o isle_n of_o sardinia_n and_o sicily_n and_o be_v sovereign_a of_o the_o isle_n of_o malta_n which_o the_o old_a geographer_n reckon_v among_o the_o african_a land_n the_o great_a master_n of_o that_o island_n owe_v he_o some_o homage_n for_o it_o 7._o in_o the_o celtique_a gaul_n he_o have_v the_o franche_fw-mi county_n or_o the_o county_n of_o burgundy_n and_o in_o the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n he_o have_v the_o county_n of_o charrolois_n 8._o in_o the_o belgic_a gaul_n he_o have_v possess_v till_o the_o end_n of_o the_o last_o age_n all_o that_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o seventeen_o province_n he_o keep_v to_o this_o day_n the_o dutchy_n of_o luxemburg_n &_o limburg_n the_o duchy_n of_o brabant_n but_o pare_v about_o by_o the_o loss_n of_o maestritcht_a the_o bose_n breda_n and_o bergupzom_n part_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o gelder_n the_o county_n of_o namur_n hainant_n artois_n and_o flanders_n all_o maim_a with_o the_o loss_n of_o some_o limb_n by_o our_o late_a war_n also_o the_o marquisat_n of_o the_o holy_a empire_n which_o be_v antwerp_n and_o the_o principality_n of_o mechlen_n the_o remnant_n of_o these_o seventeer_v province_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n beside_o that_o which_o the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v take_v in_o all_o that_o large_a extent_n of_o land_n the_o spaniard_n suffer_v the_o exercise_n of_o no_o religion_n but_o the_o roman_a though_o he_o go_v for_o a_o great_a sovereign_n yet_o many_o of_o his_o land_n depend_v from_o oâ—_n other_o prince_n the_o see_v of_o rome_n have_v great_a pretence_n upon_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o arragon_n he_o acknowledgerh_n without_o contradiction_n the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o church_n over_o his_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n yet_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o he_o owe_v the_o same_o homage_n for_o sicily_n for_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n and_o other_o land_n which_o he_o hold_v in_o italy_n he_o must_v acknowledge_v the_o empire_n from_o which_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o investiture_n of_o the_o same_o franche_fw-mi county_n be_v a_o imperial_a fee_n as_o also_o the_o province_n of_o netherlands_n not_o depend_v of_o france_n do_v owe_v homage_n to_o the_o empire_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1608._o when_v the_o truce_n be_v make_v between_o spain_n and_o holland_n these_o two_o state_n dispute_v of_o their_o sovereignty_n in_o the_o first_o article_n the_o emperor_n rodolphus_n frame_v a_o opposition_n against_o that_o article_n and_o claim_v the_o sovereignty_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o empire_n but_o the_o treaty_n pass_v without_o any_o reflection_n to_o that_o claim_n final_o although_o the_o spaniard_n acknowledge_v our_o king_n no_o more_o neither_o for_o flanders_n nor_o for_o artois_n it_o be_v not_o well_o resolve_v yet_o by_o what_o right_a he_o have_v shake_v off_o the_o yoke_n and_o the_o french_a pretend_v that_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n cambray_n and_o crespy_n in_o valois_n which_o contain_v that_o session_n have_v not_o be_v authorize_v by_o the_o general_a state_n of_o france_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n be_v possessor_n of_o such_o a_o great_a extent_n of_o land_n be_v a_o neighbour_n to_o most_o of_o the_o christian_a prince_n as_o will_v be_v show_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o second_o chapter_n and_o have_v always_o some_o difference_n with_o they_o the_o now_o king_n of_o spain_n be_v philip_n the_o iv_o of_o the_o roman_a religion_n paragraphe_n iii_o here_o we_o will_v look_v upon_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o state_n be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o old_a galley_n narbonensis_n aquitanica_fw-la celtica_n and_o belgica_n yet_o do_v he_o not_o possess_v they_o all_o the_o whole_a narbonensis_n belong_v to_o he_o except_v avignon_n nice_n savoy_n geneva_n and_o orange_n the_o whole_a aquitanica_fw-la be_v his_o since_o the_o small_a principality_n of_o bearn_n which_o with_o small_a reason_n have_v be_v pretend_v to_o be_v sovereign_a in_o her_o right_n and_o custom_n have_v be_v unite_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o begin_v to_o have_v the_o same_o prince_n by_o the_o come_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o to_o the_o crown_n the_o whole_a celtica_n belong_v likewise_o to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n except_v only_o the_o french_a county_n and_o the_o imperial_a town_n oâ—_n besancon_n of_o the_o belgica_n the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v the_o least_o part_n the_o i_o will_v of_o france_n pays_n de_fw-fr caux_n boulonnois_n picardi_n beauvoisis_a champagne_n brie_n and_o by_o good_a or_o bad_a title_n the_o town_n of_o mets_n thoul_n and_o verdun_n of_o which_o in_o the_o first_o invasion_n he_o declare_v himself_o protector_n only_a by_o the_o late_a war_n he_o have_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o most_o part_n of_o lorraine_n of_o the_o town_n of_o brisach_n and_o of_o other_o town_n of_o alsatia_n beyond_o the_o rhine_n the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v common_o roman_a catholic_n yet_o protestant_n be_v tolerare_v in_o the_o state_n the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v neighbour_a upon_o spain_n by_o the_o pyrencan_n hill_n on_o that_o side_n the_o french_a and_o the_o spaniard_n have_v not_o much_o trouble_a one_o another_o but_o of_o late_a year_n in_o which_o the_o french_a have_v unfortunate_o attempt_v spain_n about_o fontarabie_n but_o fortunate_o about_o roussillon_n and_o catalonia_n but_o about_o the_o low_a country_n and_o franche_n county_n which_o lie_v open_a to_o both_o the_o nation_n there_o have_v be_v much_o stir_n and_o action_n on_o the_o side_n of_o provence_n and_o dauphin_n the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n be_v neighbour_n to_o france_n for_o savoy_n and_o piedmont_n join_v to_o the_o foresay_a province_n the_o county_n of_o avignon_n belong_v to_o the_o pope_n be_v enclose_v within_o provence_n by_o dauphin_n the_o french_a touch_n the_o commonwealth_n of_o geneva_n by_o the_o country_n of_o bresse_n and_o the_o bailliage_n of_o gez_n and_o verromey_n they_o enter_v within_o switzerland_n into_o the_o canton_n of_o berne_n by_o champagne_n they_o have_v the_o duke_n of_o lorraine_n for_o their_o neighbour_n but_o now_o they_o be_v possess_v of_o his_o country_n so_o all_o their_o neighbour_n be_v weak_a the_o king_n of_o spain_n except_v the_o present_a king_n of_o france_n be_v lewis_n the_o fourteen_o of_o the_o roman_a profession_n paragraphe_n iu._n in_o this_o paragraphe_n we_o will_v set_v down_o all_o the_o prince_n contain_v within_o the_o ancient_a gaul_n beside_o the_o king_n of_o france_n 1._o in_o gallia_n narbonensis_n the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n hold_v the_o duchy_n of_o savoy_n the_o country_n of_o chablais_n and_o tarantaise_n and_o the_o town_n of_o chambery_n and_o upon_o the_o sea_n coast_n near_o the_o river_n of_o var_n the_o town_n and_o county_n of_o nice_a which_o be_v sometime_o a_o member_n of_o provence_n and_o be_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o var_n it_o be_v partly_o in_o france_n partly_o in_o italy_n 2._o the_o pope_n hold_v the_o county_n of_o venaissyn_n or_o avignon_n a_o ancient_a member_n of_o provence_n with_o the_o four_o bishopric_n belong_v to_o it_o avignon_n carpentras_n cavaillon_n and_o vezon_n there_o also_o be_v orange_n belong_v to_o the_o house_n of_o nassau_n 3._o the_o city_n of_o geneva_n with_o her_o territory_n make_v herself_o a_o sovereign_a commonwealth_n about_o the_o year_n 1535._o when_v the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n the_o bishop_n of_o geneva_n and_o the_o city_n be_v in_o contention_n about_o their_o right_n the_o citizen_n change_v religion_n force_v the_o bishop_n to_o
of_o the_o lombard_n who_o persecute_v the_o pope_n but_o his_o son_n charlemain_n raise_v the_o state_n of_o france_n more_o than_o any_o for_o he_o conquer_v great_a part_n of_o lalie_n upon_o the_o lombard_n and_o quite_o destroy_v they_o an._n 774._o overcome_v the_o saxon_n and_o other_o nation_n of_o germany_n conquer_v pâ—â—t_v of_o spain_n upon_o the_o saracen_n and_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o most_o part_n of_o the_o old_a empire_n of_o the_o west_n and_o so_o be_v crown_v emperor_n of_o the_o west_n an._n 800._o and_o three_o year_n after_o limit_n be_v set_v in_o italy_n between_o the_o two_o empire_n of_o east_n and_o west_n nicephorus_n be_v then_o emperor_n of_o the_o eâ—â—_n and_o the_o bound_n be_v the_o river_n of_o lyris_fw-la now_o garigliano_n and_o ausidus_n now_o lofanto_n both_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n so_o that_o except_v the_o far_a part_n of_o italy_n part_n of_o spain_n and_o the_o brittanique_a land_n divide_v between_o many_o petty_a king_n he_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o whole_a empire_n of_o the_o west_n 6._o these_o first_o king_n be_v very_o liberal_a to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n pepin_n and_o charlemain_n give_v they_o the_o exarchat_n of_o ravenna_n and_o other_o land_n which_o the_o pope_n pretend_a to_o have_v be_v take_v away_o from_o they_o by_o the_o lombard_n lewis_n the_o meek_a whâ—_n succeed_v his_o father_n charlemain_n confirm_v and_o amplify_v that_o gâ—fâ—_n an._n 817._o the_o charter_n whereof_o baronius_n have_v publish_v take_v from_o the_o vatican_n as_o he_o affirm_v lemis_n the_o meek_a die_a an._n 840._o leave_v the_o state_n of_o france_n in_o a_o great_a height_n possess_v of_o the_o gaul_n germany_n italy_n and_o part_n of_o spain_n all_o other_o prince_n compare_v to_o the_o french_a king_n be_v mean_a fellow_n 7._o lewis_n the_o meek_n leave_v three_o son_n lothaire_n and_o lewis_n by_o his_o first_o wife_n â—nd_n charles_n the_o bald_a from_o judith_n his_o second_o wife_n these_o three_o brother_n for_o three_o year_n contend_v about_o their_o partage_n th'law_n of_o the_o elder_a being_n not_o then_o in_o use_n among_o they_o till_o that_o cruel_a battle_n of_o fontenay_n near_o auxerre_n be_v fight_v where_o above_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n be_v slay_v and_o especial_o much_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n whereby_o the_o state_n be_v weaken_v and_o the_o brother_n be_v force_v to_o come_v to_o a_o arbitrement_n that_o lothary_a the_o elder_a shall_v have_v all_o the_o land_n beyond_o the_o river_n of_o scaldis_n and_o mosa_n as_o far_o as_o the_o rhine_n namely_o the_o province_n of_o the_o low_a country_n liege_n treve_n juliers_n luxemburg_n lorraine_n alsatia_n and_o other_o also_o that_o which_o lie_v beyond_o saxony_n and_o rhosne_fw-fr namely_o french_fw-mi county_n savoy_n dauphin_n provence_n also_o as_o much_o of_o italy_n as_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o west_n by_o the_o pâ—rtage_n with_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o east_n this_o be_v the_o share_n of_o lothary_a the_o elder_a who_o take_v with_o it_o the_o title_n of_o emperor_n lewis_n the_o second_o brother_n have_v all_o that_o their_o father_n hold_v in_o germany_n and_o there_o be_v call_v germanicus_n to_o the_o three_o charles_n the_o bald_a france_n be_v leave_v much_o about_o as_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n enclose_v within_o the_o narrow_a sea_n of_o england_n scaldis_n mosa_n saone_n rhosne_fw-fr the_o coast_n of_o languedoc_n and_o the_o pyrenees_n that_o partage_n of_o the_o three_o son_n of_o lewis_n the_o meek_a an._n 843._o be_v the_o most_o remarkable_a date_n of_o the_o french_a history_n then_o be_v that_o great_a monarchy_n cut_v in_o shred_n and_o the_o greatness_n of_o france_n humble_v the_o name_n of_o which_o remain_v only_o to_o the_o proportion_n of_o a_o three_o part_n and_o from_o that_o time_n the_o french_a state_n thus_o clip_v have_v remain_v with_o little_a alteration_n only_o we_o have_v lose_v flanders_n and_o artois_n and_o many_o time_n the_o border_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v be_v change_v towards_o mosa_n and_o scaldis_n but_o in_o recompense_n we_o have_v get_v dauphin_n and_o provence_n beyond_o the_o ancient_a bound_n 8._o as_o by_o this_o partage_n the_o state_n of_o france_n remain_v very_o much_o diminish_v so_o the_o french_a king_n lose_v the_o name_n of_o emperor_n which_o nevertheless_o charles_n the_o bald_n take_v since_o but_o his_o descent_n be_v sallen_v to_o idleness_n as_o the_o first_o race_n the_o state_n of_o france_n thus_o shorten_v linger_v among_o many_o civil_a broil_n and_o misfortune_n till_o the_o year_n 987._o when_v that_o race_n end_v have_v subsist_v about_o 235_o year_n 9_o hugh_n capet_n head_n of_o the_o three_o race_n be_v descend_v as_o it_o be_v think_v from_o a_o ancient_a house_n of_o saxony_n plant_v in_o france_n by_o wittikind_a the_o saxon_a of_o the_o race_n of_o that_o other_o wittikind_n a_o saxon_a prince_n who_o so_o long_o make_v head_n against_o charlemain_n this_o three_o race_n begin_v to_o reign_v in_o the_o year_n 987._o it_o be_v that_o which_o this_o day_n subsi_v and_o beside_o her_o ancient_a nobility_n before_o she_o be_v sovereign_a have_v now_o hold_v the_o sovereignty_n above_o 660_o year_n and_o beside_o innumerable_a victory_n obtain_v over_o her_o neighbour_n make_v great_a war_n against_o the_o infidel_n in_o the_o east_n and_o in_o spain_n and_o against_o heretic_n in_o all_o the_o province_n of_o europe_n keep_v still_o a_o great_a respect_n to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n all_o these_o way_n she_o have_v maintain_v herself_o in_o the_o prerogative_n of_o precedence_n and_o glory_n above_o all_o other_o and_o although_o he_o that_o bear_v now_o the_o quality_n of_o emperor_n go_v before_o the_o french_a king_n because_o he_o retain_v the_o name_n and_o place_n of_o those_o great_a monarch_n of_o all_o the_o west_n yet_o he_o have_v neither_o right_a nor_o pretence_n over_o the_o king_n of_o france_n yea_o mr._n de_fw-fr breves_fw-la in_o the_o appendix_n of_o the_o negotiation_n of_o the_o east_n add_v to_o the_o history_n of_o his_o voyage_n say_v that_o in_o henry_n the_o 4ths_n time_n he_o have_v the_o precedence_n before_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o emperor_n rudolphus_n at_o the_o porta_n of_o the_o great_a turk_n who_o judge_v that_o the_o precedence_n of_o christian_a prince_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o pope_n be_v of_o no_o consideration_n at_o his_o porta_n where_o the_o strong_a and_o the_o most_o courageous_a find_v most_o favour_n also_o whereas_o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v then_o in_o war_n with_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n he_o will_v not_o give_v his_o enemy_n any_o advantage_n orver_n he_o neither_o do_v the_o turk_n acknowledge_v the_o emperor_n but_o as_o king_n of_o vienna_n but_o have_v a_o great_a esteem_n for_o the_o french_a king_n but_o without_o insist_v upon_o the_o history_n of_o their_o three_o race_n now_o reign_v or_o make_v panegyric_n of_o their_o glory_n we_o will_v say_v that_o next_o to_o the_o precedence_n which_o they_o give_v to_o the_o emperor_n lawful_o elect_v they_o have_v it_o over_o all_o the_o sovereign_n of_o christendom_n paragraphe_n ii_o now_o to_o understand_v the_o origine_fw-la progress_v and_o rise_v of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n we_o must_v observe_v 1._o that_o the_o empire_n which_o be_v leave_v as_o we_o say_v unto_o lothary_a the_o elder_a son_n of_o lewis_n the_o meek_a subsist_v though_o weak_o in_o the_o house_n of_o charlemain_n till_o about_o the_o year_n 912._o when_v lewis_n the_o last_o of_o that_o race_n be_v dead_a there_o be_v a_o great_a contention_n between_o the_o german_a and_o italian_a prince_n whereby_o the_o empire_n be_v in_o confusion_n above_o fifty_o year_n until_o otho_n the_o great_a duke_n of_o saxony_n invest_v himself_o of_o that_o quality_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o germany_n and_o italy_n the_o only_a remain_a piece_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o the_o year_n 963._o and_o ruin_v all_o his_o competitor_n this_o otho_n i._o be_v father_n of_o otho_n ii_o and_o he_o of_o otho_n iii_o after_o who_o death_n the_o german_n assist_v by_o pope_n gregory_n the_o v._o who_o himself_o be_v a_o german_a take_v upon_o themselves_o the_o right_n of_o create_v emperor_n and_o from_o that_o time_n all_o that_o have_v peaceable_o reign_v have_v be_v germane_a because_o the_o pope_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o italy_n have_v do_v their_o utmost_a to_o expel_v the_o emperor_n out_o of_o it_o and_o confine_v they_o to_o germany_n 2._o as_o in_o france_n by_o the_o idleness_n of_o the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o 2d_o race_n the_o governor_n of_o province_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o they_o and_o become_v duke_n and_o earl_n likewise_o the_o idleness_n of_o the_o successor_n of_o charlemain_n in_o
comprehend_v indeed_o all_o the_o west_n and_o herein_o the_o gaul_n that_o empire_n be_v make_v up_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o many_o nation_n by_o right_a or_o wrong_n howsoever_o long_a prescription_n and_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n with_o the_o extinction_n of_o the_o royal_a family_n make_v up_o a_o reasonable_a right_n which_o continue_v in_o the_o roman_a emperor_n till_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 400_o when_o by_o the_o inundation_n of_o many_o northern_a nation_n goths_n vandal_n franks_n and_o other_o the_o whole_a empire_n be_v dismember_v and_o the_o several_a conqueror_n of_o each_o part_n make_v themselves_o sovereign_a so_o do_v the_o franks_n in_o gaul_n a_o beginning_n not_o to_o be_v excuse_v of_o violence_n and_o usurpation_n but_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o roman_n prescription_n and_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o conquer_a people_n do_v since_o authorise_v their_o dominion_n and_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o age_n of_o these_o invasion_n they_o be_v all_o justify_v and_o the_o conqueror_n remain_v just_a possessor_n especial_o when_o the_o roman_a empire_n end_v in_o augustulus_n an._n 475._o and_o when_o charlemain_n restore_v the_o western_a empire_n a_o 800._o that_o promotion_n do_v not_o alter_v the_o former_a title_n he_o have_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n it_o be_v but_o a_o title_n of_o honour_n which_o he_o and_o after_o he_o his_o son_n lewis_n the_o meek_a possess_v with_o that_o of_o king_n of_o france_n afterward_o by_o the_o partage_n make_v an._n 843._o between_o the_o son_n of_o lewis_n the_o meek_a each_o of_o the_o three_o brother_n have_v his_o portion_n independent_a from_o the_o other_o and_o lothary_a the_o elder_a who_o have_v the_o title_n of_o emperor_n pretend_v no_o right_n over_o charles_n the_o bald_a who_o have_v france_n for_o his_o portion_n much_o as_o it_o be_v now_o since_o which_o time_n all_o that_o will_v ascribe_v any_o superiority_n to_o the_o emperor_n over_o the_o prince_n of_o christendom_n that_o be_v acknowledge_v sovereign_a have_v with_o good_a reason_n be_v hiss_v out_o as_o ridiculous_a only_o the_o precedence_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o emperor_n as_o the_o elder_a among_o the_o brethren_n but_o the_o subjection_n which_o he_o yield_v to_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o small_a right_n which_o he_o retain_v over_o the_o land_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n weaken_v his_o authority_n very_o much_o and_o make_v it_o unworthy_a of_o that_o precedence_n over_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o christendom_n wherefore_o he_o do_v not_o stir_v those_o ancient_a pretence_n over_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o west_n 2._o some_o german_a historian_n as_o trithemius_n lazius_n munster_n fiesdorpius_n make_v the_o house_n of_o habsburg_n which_o be_v that_o of_o austria_n to_o descend_v from_o the_o first_o race_n of_o the_o french_a king_n a_o fable_n invent_v since_o 120._o year_n and_o new_o take_v up_o again_o by_o the_o flatterer_n of_o that_o house_n especial_o by_o fiesdorpius_n a_o name_n either_o true_a or_o forge_v by_o the_o spaniard_n to_o understand_v this_o we_o must_v know_v that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v often_o divide_v into_o tetrarchy_n under_o the_o first_o race_n king_n of_o paris_n of_o orleans_n of_o soissons_fw-fr and_o mets._n in_o the_o last_o of_o these_o brunehault_n reign_v with_o great_a power_n that_o abominable_a woman_n so_o much_o renown_v in_o our_o history_n which_o confound_v and_o destroy_v that_o house_n by_o her_o ordinary_a murder_n that_o state_n of_o mets_n be_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o two_o brother_n thierry_n and_o theodebert_n who_o contend_v for_o it_o therry_n join_v with_o his_o grandmother_n brunchault_n overcome_v theodebert_n in_o battle_n and_o put_v he_o cruel_o to_o death_n and_o by_o brunehault_n order_n the_o two_o son_n of_o theodebert_n be_v slay_v in_o her_o presence_n this_o tragedy_n be_v act_v an._n 617._o but_o these_o historian_n to_o flatter_v the_o house_n of_o austria_n say_v that_o of_o these_o two_o son_n of_o theodebert_n the_o one_o call_v sigebert_n escape_v the_o hand_n of_o his_o great_a grandmother_n and_o flee_v into_o germany_n to_o godfrey_n and_o genebald_a duke_n of_o franconie_n his_o uncle_n by_o the_o mother_n by_o who_o intercession_n he_o obtain_v of_o lothary_a king_n of_o france_n his_o cousin_n some_o land_n in_o switzerland_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v renounce_v all_o his_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n that_o he_o or_o his_o son_n or_o one_o of_o his_o more_o remote_a descent_n build_v the_o castle_n of_o habsburg_n and_o found_v that_o family_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n the_o house_n of_o austria_n descend_v from_o that_o of_o france_n that_o relation_n be_v a_o blind_a tale_n for_o all_o ancient_a historian_n affirm_v that_o both_o the_o son_n of_o theodebert_n and_o he_o have_v no_o more_o be_v slay_v by_o brunehault_n and_o the_o first_o that_o mention_n that_o escape_v of_o sigebert_n be_v trithemius_n who_o live_v about_o six_o score_n year_n ago_o and_o as_o it_o be_v false_a it_o be_v ridiculous_a in_o the_o ordinary_a vicissitude_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o continual_a change_n of_o possession_n to_o set_v up_o title_n after_o a_o interruption_n of_o a_o thousand_o year_n for_o upon_o that_o account_n there_o be_v no_o prince_n in_o europe_n but_o may_v be_v degrade_v and_o no_o mean_a man_n but_o may_v be_v entitle_v to_o some_o principality_n it_o be_v with_o great_a reason_n that_o the_o title_n of_o prescription_n be_v every_o where_o prefer_v before_o all_o title_n and_o though_o the_o tale_n be_v a_o true_a story_n that_o rodolphus_n of_o habsburg_n the_o head_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n be_v descend_v from_o the_o family_n of_o habsburg_n by_o the_o woman_n his_o masculine_a extraction_n be_v from_o the_o house_n of_o tiestein_n so_o this_o pretence_n be_v so_o ridiculous_a that_o it_o be_v not_o worth_a speak_n 3._o the_o branch_n of_o the_o house_n of_o valois_n have_v continue_v from_o male_a to_o male_a from_o pphilip_n de_fw-fr valois_n who_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n an._n 1328_o to_o the_o death_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o an._n 1589._o male_n fail_v in_o that_o branch_n the_o crown_n by_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o land_n be_v to_o pass_v to_o the_o next_o branch_n of_o the_o male_n which_o be_v that_o of_o bourbon_n and_o so_o do_v in_o the_o end_n a_o title_n so_o know_v to_o all_o the_o french_a that_o even_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o war_n of_o the_o league_n against_o the_o house_n of_o bourbon_n as_o profess_v a_o contrary_a religion_n yet_o they_o crown_v the_o cardinal_n of_o bourbon_n and_o call_v he_o charles_n the_o ten_o in_o these_o confusion_n philip_n the_o second_o king_n of_o spain_n see_v the_o party_n of_o the_o league_n incline_v to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n claim_v the_o kingdom_n for_o his_o daughter_n clara_n eugenia_n isabel_n as_o daughter_n of_o elizabeth_n of_o france_n his_o three_o wife_n sister_n and_o heir_n of_o the_o three_o last_o king_n francis_z ii_o charles_n ix_o and_o henry_n iii_o and_o of_o francis_n duke_n of_o alenson_n the_o elder_a of_o three_o sister_n of_o which_o the_o second_o be_v claude_n marry_v to_o charles_n duke_n of_o lorraine_n and_o the_o three_o be_v queen_n margaret_n wife_z to_z henry_n the_o four_o then_o only_o titular_a king_n of_o navarra_n he_o allege_v then_o that_o representation_n be_v a_o good_a title_n by_o the_o law_n of_o france_n his_o daughter_n enter_v into_o all_o the_o right_n of_o her_o mother_n elizabeth_n which_o shall_v have_v inherit_v of_o her_o brother_n and_o that_o her_o right_n extend_v even_o to_o the_o crown_n as_o the_o patrimony_n of_o her_o family_n that_o the_o pretend_a salic_a law_n of_o the_o french_a be_v imaginary_a yea_o and_o against_o nature_n against_o humanity_n and_o the_o right_n of_o political_a succession_n which_o require_v that_o all_o inheritance_n may_v go_v to_o the_o next_o heir_n and_o though_o that_o law_n have_v force_n among_o the_o french_a that_o his_o daughter_n be_v not_o a_o subject_n nor_o bear_v in_o france_n can_v not_o be_v tie_v by_o these_o municipal_a law_n that_o between_o sovereign_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n not_o the_o particular_a law_n of_o nation_n shall_v be_v the_o rule_n that_o all_o law_n of_o nature_n reject_v this_o principle_n that_o the_o succession_n shall_v be_v for_o male_n only_o as_o though_o female_n be_v unreasonable_a creature_n or_o the_o excrement_n and_o sweep_n of_o mankind_n and_o no_o part_n of_o human_a society_n when_o the_o state_n of_o the_o league_n be_v assemble_v in_o paris_n an._n 1593._o some_o unadvised_a anâ—_n rash_a head_n move_v the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n and_o the_o exclude_v of_o the_o house_n of_o bourbon_n whicâ—_n stir_v the_o parliament_n to_o make_v that_o famous_a arrest_n
successive_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n this_o last_o be_v grandfather_n to_o philip_n the_o last_o duke_n who_o end_v the_o masuline_a line_n but_o that_o robert_n the_o ii_o have_v three_o daughter_n beside_o margaret_n wife_n to_o king_n lewis_n hutin_n whence_o come_v the_o house_n of_o navarra_n jane_n wife_n to_o king_n philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n and_o mother_n to_o king_n john_n and_o mary_n wife_n to_o edward_n count_n of_o bar._n they_o say_v then_o that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o philip_n the_o last_o duke_n king_n john_n take_v that_o duchy_n by_o the_o right_n of_o his_o mother_n jane_n which_o right_o he_o transport_v to_o his_o son_n philip_n le_fw-fr hardy_n without_o any_o mention_n of_o masculine_a apanage_n whereby_o they_o will_v have_v it_o evident_a that_o female_n may_v inherit_v it_o 8._o against_o that_o pretend_a right_o which_o be_v very_o much_o dispute_v in_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n the_o french_a have_v strong_a exception_n the_o first_o be_v that_o from_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n within_o which_o that_o gift_n be_v make_v no_o son_n of_o france_n have_v any_o great_a apanage_v but_o with_o that_o restriction_n against_o which_o whatsoever_o king_n john_n may_v have_v say_v or_o do_v and_o he_o be_v a_o very_a imprudent_a and_o rash_a man_n he_o can_v do_v no_o valuable_a deed_n to_o the_o detriment_n of_o the_o state_n or_o against_o the_o fundamental_a law_n the_o second_o reason_n be_v that_o since_o we_o see_v by_o the_o example_n of_o hugh_n the_o iv_o that_o female_n be_v exclude_v from_o that_o succession_n we_o must_v acknowledge_v that_o john_n do_v not_o succeed_v by_o right_a of_o his_o mother_n but_o as_o king_n receive_v a_o apanage_n devolve_v unto_o he_o the_o three_o reason_n be_v that_o king_n john_n be_v not_o the_o next_o heir_n in_o blood_n for_o by_o proximity_n of_o blood_n the_o child_n of_o the_o elder_a daughter_n which_o be_v margaret_n wife_n to_o king_n lewis_n hutin_n shall_v have_v succeed_v not_o king_n john_n who_o be_v son_n to_o the_o second_o now_o that_o succession_n fall_v when_o that_o wicked_a man_n charles_n king_n of_o navarra_n grandchild_n to_o that_o margaret_n be_v in_o his_o strength_n who_o if_o there_o have_v be_v any_o life_n in_o that_o title_n will_v not_o have_v fail_v to_o have_v set_v it_o up_o for_o burgundy_n be_v better_a than_o all_o his_o navarra_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o estate_n and_o yet_o that_o stir_a man_n do_v not_o stir_v that_o point_n or_o it_o be_v so_o slight_o that_o he_o leave_v off_o present_o but_o hot_o pursue_v a_o recompense_n for_o the_o county_n of_o champagne_n and_o brie_n which_o by_o right_n belong_v to_o his_o mother_n jane_n daughter_n to_o lewis_n hutin_n son_n to_o jane_n countess_n of_o champagne_n and_o brie_n queen_n of_o navarra_n wife_n to_o philip_n le_fw-fr bel._n by_o all_o this_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n be_v settle_v upon_o philip_n le_fw-fr hardy_n his_o son_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o true_a masculine_a apanage_n paragraphe_n iu._n of_o the_o town_n of_o metz_n thoul_n and_o verdun_n by_o the_o partage_n so_o famous_a among_o the_o son_n of_o lewis_n the_o meek_a a_o 843._o it_o be_v certain_a that_o all_o that_o be_v beyond_o the_o river_n mosa_n towards_o germany_n be_v cut_v off_o from_o that_o which_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o kingdom_n of_o france_n and_o that_o these_o three_o town_n remain_v imperial_a but_o mosa_n be_v the_o bind_v of_o these_o two_o state_n the_o empire_n and_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o by_o a_o infinity_n of_o war_n usurpation_n and_o treaty_n that_o bind_v and_o other_o limit_n between_o the_o two_o state_n be_v often_o change_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o weakness_n and_o declination_n of_o the_o house_n of_o charlemain_n most_o part_n of_o the_o city_n and_o lordship_n of_o the_o empire_n do_v canton_n themselves_o and_o make_v themselves_o particular_a dominion_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o some_o remain_v free_a other_o be_v subject_v to_o especial_a lord_n some_o lay_v some_o ecclesiastical_a all_o these_o make_v up_o now_o the_o great_a body_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o that_o nature_n be_v these_o three_o town_n metz_n thoul_n and_o verdun_n upon_o which_o the_o french_a king_n pretend_v no_o right_a till_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o ii_o an._n 1550._o the_o protestant_n of_o germany_n call_v henry_n the_o ii_o to_o their_o help_n against_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o v._o henry_n send_v they_o great_a auxiliary_a force_n by_o ann_n de_fw-fr montmorency_n constable_n of_o france_n who_o in_o his_o way_n seize_v upon_o thoul_n and_o verdun_n &_o put_v garrison_n into_o they_o to_o assure_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o french_a force_n into_o germany_n the_o government_n of_o thoul_n be_v give_v to_o monsieur_n d'esclavole_n lieutenant_n of_o the_o company_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o guise_n and_o charles_n cardinal_n of_o lorraine_n be_v restore_v to_o his_o lordship_n annex_v to_o the_o bishopric_n of_o verdun_n the_o king_n retain_v the_o sovereignty_n for_o himself_o which_o he_o think_v he_o can_v lawful_o do_v because_o the_o lord_n of_o it_o be_v his_o subject_n and_o have_v a_o estate_n in_o france_n and_o because_o the_o emperor_n be_v his_o declare_a enemy_n who_o estate_n he_o may_v invade_v in_o the_o same_o expedition_n the_o constable_n seize_v on_o the_o city_n of_o metz_n which_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o v._o besiege_v towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n 1551._o but_o in_o vain_a since_o which_o time_n the_o french_a have_v enjoy_v these_o three_o city_n yet_o find_v their_o right_n somewhat_o weak_a they_o use_v it_o at_o the_o first_o with_o great_a moderation_n call_v themselves_o only_a guardian_n and_o protector_n of_o the_o same_o till_o lewis_n the_o xiii_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v altogether_o incorporate_v with_o france_n and_o in_o they_o have_v establish_v a_o sovereign_a court_n of_o parliament_n 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burgundy_n be_v philip_n le_fw-fr hardy_n john_n philip_n le_fw-fr bon_fw-fr and_o charles_n john_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n philip_n le_fw-fr hardy_n a_o 1404._o cause_v great_a trouble_n in_o the_o state_n of_o france_n and_o cause_v his_o cousin_n german_n lewis_n duke_n of_o orleans_n to_o be_v slay_v an_z 1407._o whence_o spring_v those_o great_a division_n and_o war_n between_o those_o two_o house_n of_o which_o the_o history_n be_v full_a that_o john_n be_v slay_v at_o montereau_n foult-ronne_a by_o the_o command_n of_o charles_n the_o dolphin_n a_o 1419._o his_o son_n philip_n de_fw-fr bon_fw-fr pursue_v with_o great_a power_n and_o eagerness_n the_o vengeance_n of_o that_o death_n make_v league_n with_o the_o english_a and_o distress_a very_o much_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n in_o the_o end_n see_v himself_o ill_o use_v by_o the_o english_a he_o grow_v weary_a of_o their_o
the_o count_n of_o catalonia_n how_o and_o in_o what_o time_n precise_o i_o find_v not_o only_o i_o find_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o st_n lewis_n alphonsus_n his_o brother_n count_n of_o toulouse_n and_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n be_v in_o suit_n about_o the_o county_n of_o roussillon_n st_o lewis_n be_v choose_v umpire_n as_o bear_v himself_o for_o sovereign_n of_o both_o who_o therefore_o ought_v to_o be_v their_o judge_n and_o he_o do_v adjudge_v it_o to_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n against_o his_o own_o brother_n it_o seem_v that_o holy_a king_n acknowledge_v the_o justice_n of_o their_o possession_n for_o as_o that_o county_n be_v unite_v with_o that_o of_o barcelonia_n it_o be_v hold_v also_o by_o the_o same_o right_n since_o the_o union_n of_o these_o with_o the_o crown_n of_o arragon_n it_o run_v the_o same_o fortune_n with_o arragon_n and_o be_v conquer_v by_o philip_n le_fw-fr hardy_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o interdict_v of_o pope_n martin_n the_o iv_o philip_n die_v 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quit_v but_o not_o demand_v the_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n the_o king_n of_o arragon_n have_v promise_v and_o swear_v upon_o the_o holy_a cross_n and_o upon_o the_o gospel_n that_o he_o will_v serve_v the_o king_n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n in_o that_o expedition_n of_o italy_n the_o governor_n of_o perpignan_n do_v not_o yield_v but_o after_o many_o iterate_a command_n see_v the_o importance_n of_o that_o restitution_n and_o fear_v the_o infidelity_n of_o arragon_n the_o french_a historian_n blame_v james_n maillert_n a_o franciscan_a friar_n confessor_n to_o charles_n the_o viii_o say_n he_o be_v win_v by_o ferdinand_n to_o persuade_v the_o king_n to_o that_o restitution_n but_o ferdinand_n instead_o of_o help_a charles_n in_o his_o expedition_n of_o italy_n help_v his_o enemy_n in_o italy_n and_o disturb_v his_o enterprise_n of_o naples_n since_o which_o time_n the_o french_a have_v often_o redemanded_a that_o county_n as_o not_o redeem_v with_o the_o three_o 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upon_o the_o county_n of_o flanders_n &_o artois_n because_o they_o pretend_v that_o these_o right_n be_v in_o their_o full_a force_n they_o must_v be_v exact_o examine_v we_o will_v begin_v at_o naples_n 1._o that_o part_n of_o italy_n which_o be_v beyond_o capagna_n de_fw-fr roma_n and_o comprehend_v these_o ancient_a province_n samnium_n appulia_n hydruntum_n magna_fw-la graecia_n campania_n calabria_n and_o other_o all_o these_o i_o say_v which_o be_v well_o nigh_o one_o half_a of_o italy_n make_v up_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n compania_n now_o terra_fw-la di_fw-mi lavoro_n the_o river_n of_o aufidus_n now_o ofanto_n in_o puglia_n and_o the_o river_n of_o liris_n now_o cantigliano_fw-it near_o capua_n be_v make_v the_o limit_n between_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o east_n and_o west_n an._n 803._o nicephorus_n then_o be_v the_o emperor_n of_o the_o east_n and_o charlemain_n of_o the_o west_n so_o that_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o all_o that_o be_v on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o two_o river_n remain_v with_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o west_n the_o part_n beyond_o they_o with_o the_o island_n of_o sicily_n remain_v with_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o east_n not_o long_o after_o the_o saracen_n invade_v italy_n the_o height_n of_o their_o fury_n be_v about_o the_o year_n 850._o and_o in_o the_o part_n about_o sicily_n and_o sicily_n itself_o where_o they_o settle_v themselves_o and_o for_o many_o age_n those_o country_n be_v the_o sad_a stage_n where_o the_o latin_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o the_o greek_n on_o the_o other_o and_o the_o saracen_n enemy_n to_o both_o act_v a_o bloody_a tragedy_n 2._o about_o the_o year_n 1000_o forty_o norman_a gentleman_n return_v from_o the_o pilgrimage_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n give_v a_o powerful_a assistance_n to_o the_o christian_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n against_o the_o saracen_n and_o be_v return_v home_o undertake_v not_o long_o after_o a_o expedition_n to_o naples_n with_o more_o might_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o tristan_n cistel_n a_o norman_a these_o give_v the_o beginning_n to_o the_o state_n of_o naples_n partly_o by_o conquest_n partly_o by_o marriage_n under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o count_n of_o the_o cross_n of_o puglia_n and_o duke_n of_o calabria_n and_o in_o time_n advance_v their_o conquest_n as_o far_o as_o sicily_n they_o be_v crown_v king_n of_o the_o same_o to_o that_o family_n of_o norman_n succeed_v that_o of_o the_o german_n in_o the_o person_n of_o henry_n the_o vi_o and_o friderick_n the_o two_o emperor_n and_o king_n of_o naples_n that_o friderick_n be_v fall_v into_o the_o hatred_n of_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n which_o be_v sovereign_a of_o that_o fee_n he_o be_v deprive_v of_o that_o state_n after_o his_o death_n his_o son_n conrard_n and_o his_o bastard_n manfred_n and_o conradin_n son_n of_o conrard_n have_v labour_v to_o maintain_v himself_o in_o it_o final_o the_o house_n of_o france_n be_v call_v to_o it_o after_o this_o manner_n about_o the_o year_n 1262._o 3._o by_o the_o fall_n out_o of_o all_o these_o prince_n with_o the_o pope_n great_a confusion_n happen_v in_o italy_n the_o pope_n innocent_a the_o iv_o weary_a of_o the_o german_a race_n present_v the_o kingdom_n to_o saint_n lewis_n for_o his_o brother_n charles_n count_n of_o anjou_n and_o provence_n who_o be_v repute_v a_o great_a warrior_n and_o two_o year_n after_o vrban_n the_o iv_o invest_v they_o with_o it_o an._n 1264._o that_o country_n which_o he_o hold_v from_o the_o church_n contain_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o the_o great_a i_o will_v of_o sicily_n and_o be_v call_v sicilia_n ultra_fw-la &_o extra_fw-la farum_fw-la because_o of_o the_o far_a or_o straight_o of_o messina_n which_o separate_v the_o i_o will_v from_o the_o continent_n but_o that_o country_n be_v so_o give_v he_o by_o the_o pope_n that_o he_o be_v first_o to_o conquer_v it_o before_o he_o can_v
of_o naples_n and_o lewis_n the_o xii_o grandchild_n of_o valentina_n come_v to_o the_o crown_n a_o 1498_o have_v no_o more_o in_o the_o duchy_n but_o the_o county_n of_o ast_n the_o rest_n be_v hold_v by_o ludovick_n sforza_n son_n to_o the_o invader_n francis_n and_z himself_z invader_n of_o the_o state_n of_o his_o nephew_n but_o lewis_n follow_v his_o right_n come_v to_o milan_n take_v it_o and_o expel_v ludovic_n who_o return_v not_o long_o after_o enter_v into_o milan_n but_o there_o be_v sudden_o invest_v by_o lewis_n he_o be_v take_v carry_v into_o france_n where_o he_o die_v a_o prisoner_n lewis_n remain_v master_n of_o the_o duchy_n but_o because_o ludovic_n have_v two_o son_n protect_v in_o germany_n by_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n i._n lewis_n to_o strengthen_v his_o right_n make_v mean_n to_o win_v the_o emperor_n favour_n of_o who_o in_o the_o end_n he_o obtain_v two_o investiture_n of_o that_o duchy_n the_o one_o an._n 1506_o for_o lewis_n and_o his_o child_n and_o lawful_a heir_n and_o lewis_n for_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o this_o investiture_n pay_v he_o sixty_o thousand_o liver_n and_o promise_v to_o give_v he_o every_o year_n a_o pair_n of_o golden_a spur_n at_o christmas_n also_o in_o that_o investiture_n the_o exclusion_n of_o sforza_n be_v precise_o express_v and_o a_o marriage_n conclude_v between_o charles_n the_o grandchild_n of_o maximilian_n who_o since_o be_v the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o v._o and_o claude_n the_o elder_a daughter_n of_o lewis_n the_o xii_o which_o also_o be_v comprehend_v in_o that_o investiture_n the_o other_o be_v a_o 1509._o whereby_o the_o same_o emperor_n confirm_v the_o former_a investiture_n with_o a_o condition_n of_o the_o marriage_n between_o charles_n and_o claude_n which_o indeed_o be_v not_o effect_v but_o that_o hinder_v not_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o investiture_n which_o be_v absolute_a the_o first_o at_o least_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o right_n lewis_n remain_v possess_v of_o that_o duchy_n but_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o his_o reign_n maximilian_n sforza_n be_v put_v in_o possession_n of_o that_o duchy_n by_o the_o swisser_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n who_o be_v displease_v that_o claude_n promise_v to_o charles_n his_o grandchild_n have_v be_v marry_v to_o francis_n who_o after_o be_v francis_n the_o first_o king_n of_o france_n which_o he_o take_v for_o a_o affront_n and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o seed_n of_o the_o jealousy_n between_o the_o two_o house_n of_o france_n and_o austria_n francis_n the_o first_o have_v regain_v the_o duchy_n and_o take_v maximilian_n neglect_v to_o do_v homage_n to_o the_o emperor_n and_o a_o while_n after_o charles_n have_v succeed_v his_o grandfather_n in_o the_o empire_n the_o animosity_n grow_v to_o a_o great_a height_n betwixt_o these_o two_o prince_n and_o they_o become_v implacable_a fight_v with_o great_a might_n about_o milan_n till_o that_o by_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n francis_n the_o first_o yield_v his_o right_n as_o we_o will_v relate_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n to_o sum_v up_o the_o pretence_n of_o the_o french_a upon_o milan_n they_o be_v ground_v 1._o upon_o the_o contract_n of_o marriage_n of_o valentina_n who_o be_v substitute_v heir_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o lawful_a heir_n male_a fail_v and_o the_o contract_n be_v valid_a as_o confirm_v by_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o empire_n 2._o the_o investiture_n give_v by_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n in_o favour_n of_o lewis_n the_o xii_o and_o his_o heir_n yea_o of_o claude_n and_o her_o child_n 3._o the_o second_o investiture_n a_fw-fr 1509._o 4._o francis_n the_o i._o have_v yield_v all_o his_o right_n by_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n cambray_n and_o crespy_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v afterward_o one_o may_v say_v that_o beside_o the_o nullity_n of_o that_o session_n by_o the_o right_n of_o the_o kingdom_n francis_n may_v have_v quit_v the_o right_a that_o come_v to_o he_o by_o his_o great_a 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he_o la_o cart_n blanch_v that_o be_v what_o condition_n soever_o he_o will_v have_v the_o first_o demand_n of_o andrew_n be_v the_o liberty_n of_o his_o city_n which_o he_o obtain_v and_o it_o be_v free_v from_o all_o subjection_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n but_o if_o the_o french_a have_v any_o right_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n they_o have_v the_o like_a in_o genoa_n for_o charles_n the_o v._o can_v not_o cut_v off_o that_o limb_n from_o it_o since_o it_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o he_o paragraphe_n ix_o of_o the_o county_n of_o flanders_n and_o artois_n these_o two_o county_n be_v ancient_o before_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o roman_n part_n of_o gallia_n belgica_n and_o so_o under_o that_o empire_n and_o under_o the_o first_o and_o second_o race_n of_o the_o french_a king_n till_o that_o famous_a partage_n of_o the_o child_n of_o lewis_n
the_o meek_a a_o 843._o when_o the_o river_n of_o scaldis_n be_v set_v as_o a_o limit_n of_o that_o which_o belong_v to_o lothary_a the_o emperor_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o charles_n le_fw-fr chauve_n on_o the_o other_o that_o country_n remain_v within_o the_o partage_n of_o the_o last_o who_o be_v king_n of_o france_n and_o contain_v a_o great_a extent_n of_o land_n beyond_o the_o river_n of_o somme_n near_o the_o river_n of_o scaldis_n and_o lis_n butt_v upon_o the_o ocean_n and_o because_o all_o that_o country_n be_v full_a of_o wood_n which_o make_v it_o be_v call_v sylva_n carbonaria_n charlemain_n about_o the_o year_n 771._o place_v there_o a_o governor_n who_o he_o call_v the_o great_a forester_n of_o flanders_n so_o also_o be_v his_o successor_n call_v and_o be_v not_o very_o considerable_a the_o first_o that_o erect_v this_o country_n into_o a_o county_n be_v charles_n le_fw-fr chauve_n a_o 850._o or_o thereabouts_o the_o first_o count_n be_v baldwin_n surname_v 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the_o count_n of_o flanders_n as_o sovereign_n and_o give_v they_o law_n the_o three_o that_o they_o decide_v of_o peace_n and_o war_n in_o flanders_n even_o against_o the_o will_n of_o the_o count_n the_o four_o that_o they_o have_v give_v grace_n to_o fleming_n as_o their_o sovereign_n and_o punish_v they_o of_o their_o rebellion_n the_o five_o that_o it_o be_v especial_o promise_v and_o agree_v that_o the_o fleming_n shall_v resort_v to_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n the_o six_o that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v protect_v as_o sovereign_n the_o count_n of_o flanders_n the_o seven_o that_o they_o have_v confiscate_v the_o county_n for_o felony_n brief_o the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v exercise_v all_o act_n of_o sovereignty_n in_o flanders_n and_o artois_n a_o thing_n never_o bring_v in_o question_n or_o deny_v before_o charles_n the_o v._o who_o be_v promote_v to_o the_o empire_n and_o fall_v to_o great_a war_n against_o francis_n the_o i._o be_v delinquent_a in_o that_o duty_n and_o obtain_v the_o session_n of_o that_o right_n by_o divers_a treaty_n 4._o it_o be_v then_o a_o know_a truth_n that_o flanders_n and_o artois_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o france_n and_o that_o the_o question_n be_v only_o whether_o the_o session_n make_v at_o madrid_n be_v just_a and_o valid_a upon_o which_o the_o french_a say_v 1._o that_o charles_n the_o v._o be_v bear_v a_o subject_n of_o france_n at_o gant_n in_o the_o county_n of_o flanders_n commit_v the_o crime_n of_o felony_n by_o his_o war_n against_o his_o sovereign_n who_o also_o he_o take_v and_o keep_v prisoner_n which_o be_v often_o upbraid_v to_o he_o yea_o a_o sentence_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n intervene_v against_o he_o whereby_o he_o be_v deprive_v of_o his_o lordship_n depend_v of_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n for_o crime_n of_o felony_n so_o that_o be_v a_o felon_n against_o his_o sovereign_n he_o have_v no_o right_a either_o to_o treat_v with_o he_o when_o he_o keep_v he_o prisoner_n nor_o any_o way_n oblige_v he_o 2._o the_o session_n make_v by_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n be_v invalid_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o do_v by_o a_o man_n keep_v in_o prison_n 3._o that_o session_n make_v at_o madrid_n and_o in_o other_o treaty_n be_v null_a by_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o france_n which_o prohibit_v the_o alienation_n of_o the_o sovereign_a right_n of_o the_o crown_n especial_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o state_n general_n who_o never_o ratify_v all_o those_o treaty_n and_o in_o effect_n the_o parliament_n by_o their_o sentence_n the_o peer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o their_o vote_n and_o all_o the_o learned_a and_o judicious_a by_o their_o discourse_n have_v condemn_v those_o treaty_n and_o to_o this_o day_n the_o fleming_n and_o artesians_n be_v account_v regnicolae_fw-la and_o have_v no_o need_n of_o letter_n of_o naturalisation_n chap._n iu_o war_n agreement_n treaty_n between_o the_o house_n of_o france_n and_o austria_n about_o their_o pretence_n from_o the_o treaty_n of_o arras_n to_o that_o of_o veruins_n we_o have_v see_v how_o by_o the_o history_n and_o by_o reason_n the_o two_o house_n of_o france_n and_o austria_n will_v ground_v their_o several_a pretence_n as_o the_o difference_n between_o private_a person_n beget_v suit_n in_o law_n which_o end_n in_o the_o sentence_n of_o a_o court_n so_o the_o jealousy_n between_o these_o two_o great_a house_n have_v beget_v war_n which_o have_v end_v in_o treaty_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o war_n have_v begin_v afresh_o after_o these_o war_n have_v be_v many_o especial_o since_o the_o promotion_n of_o charles_n the_o v._o to_o the_o empire_n a_o 1519._o for_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o without_o contradiction_n have_v the_o precedence_n before_o all_o christian_a monarch_n be_v grieve_v to_o see_v a_o count_n of_o flanders_n and_o a_o heir_n of_o the_o house_n
the_o xii_o have_v make_v a_o little_a before_o he_o die_v 2._o his_o next_o work_n be_v the_o conquest_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n he_o pass_v into_o italy_n and_o win_v the_o battle_n of_o marignan_n in_o piedmont_n against_o the_o swisser_n who_o have_v undertake_v to_o maintain_v maximilian_n sforza_n in_o his_o new_a possession_n of_o milan_n which_o they_o have_v get_v for_o he_o he_o get_v milan_n maximilian_n sforza_n yield_v himself_o to_o he_o for_o a_o pension_n of_o threescore_o thousand_o crown_n and_o retire_v himself_o into_o france_n this_o be_v the_o three_o time_n that_o the_o french_a have_v get_v milan_n of_o the_o sforza_n 3._o francis_n and_o charles_n be_v both_o young_a and_o ambitious_a it_o can_v not_o be_v expect_v that_o they_o shall_v long_o live_v in_o peace_n because_o charles_n be_v bear_v a_o subject_n to_o france_n keep_v navarra_n which_o the_o house_n of_o albret_n have_v lose_v for_o adhere_v to_o france_n then_o ferdinand_n have_v expel_v the_o french_a out_o of_o naples_n wrongful_o say_v they_o this_o ferdinand_n die_v a_o 1516._o and_o charles_n inherit_v all_o these_o great_a state_n exalt_v to_o the_o height_n of_o greatness_n want_v nothing_o but_o the_o empire_n and_o austria_n which_o his_o grandfather_n maximilian_n leave_v he_o by_o his_o death_n three_o year_n after_o in_o the_o birth_n of_o these_o two_o eminent_a power_n which_o have_v cost_v so_o much_o blood_n and_o tear_n to_o the_o christian_a world_n before_o they_o have_v conceive_v that_o great_a hatred_n which_o be_v between_o they_o after_o the_o deputy_n of_o both_o side_n meet_v at_o noyon_n and_o this_o be_v call_v the_o treaty_n of_o noyon_n a_o 1516_o where_o it_o be_v conclude_v that_o francis_n shall_v yield_v all_o his_o right_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n for_o a_o yearly_a pension_n of_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n 2._o that_o charles_n then_o call_v the_o archiduke_n shall_v marry_v lovise_v the_o elder_a daughter_n of_o francis_n instead_o of_o renee_n sister_n to_o the_o queen_n claude_n 3._o that_o the_o archduke_n shall_v restore_v the_o kingdom_n of_o navarra_n to_o henry_n son_n to_z john_n d'_fw-fr albret_n or_o in_o defect_n of_o it_o that_o he_o shall_v otherwise_o content_v he_o within_o six_o month_n the_o king_n and_o the_o archduke_n swear_v that_o treaty_n and_o give_v the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o the_o order_n of_o knighthood_n the_o king_n that_o of_o st._n michael_n the_o archduke_n that_o of_o the_o golden_a fleece_n make_v a_o alliance_n for_o ever_o and_o to_o confirm_v it_o promise_v to_o have_v a_o interview_n at_o cambray_n but_o ferdinand_n be_v dead_a soon_o after_o charles_n made_z have_v to_o pass_v into_o spain_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o his_o estate_n and_o neglect_v the_o article_n of_o noyon_n especial_o the_o restitution_n of_o navarra_n 4._o yet_o for_o three_o year_n after_o nothing_o be_v stir_v on_o either_o side_n because_o martin_n luther_n have_v alarm_v all_o europe_n with_o his_o doctrine_n the_o pope_n leo_n the_o x_o procure_v a_o general_a truce_n for_o five_o year_n among_o all_o prince_n but_o maximilian_n the_o emperonr_n be_v dead_a a_o 1519._o and_o charles_n be_v increase_v with_o the_o inheritance_n of_o austria_n and_o the_o title_n of_o emperor_n francis_n the_o i._o conceive_v a_o great_a indignation_n that_o a_o vassal_n of_o he_o shall_v have_v be_v prefer_v before_o he_o to_o the_o empire_n which_o he_o have_v be_v a_o suitor_n for_o with_o great_a earnestness_n which_o jealousy_n will_v never_o suffer_v these_o two_o prince_n to_o agree_v 5._o each_o of_o they_o have_v a_o great_a minister_n of_o state_n by_o their_o person_n francis_n have_v artus_n gouffier_n sieur_n de_fw-fr boissi_n great_a master_n of_o france_n charles_n have_v be_v breed_v by_o guillaume_n the_o crovy_a sieur_n de_fw-fr ceures_fw-fr who_o lewis_n the_o xii_o have_v recommend_v to_o he_o these_o two_o foresee_v the_o misfortune_n which_o the_o ambition_n of_o these_o two_o prince_n be_v draw_v upon_o christendom_n resolve_v to_o meet_v to_o make_v a_o peace_n and_o alliance_n for_o ever_o montpelier_n be_v the_o place_n choose_v for_o that_o meeting_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o boissi_n be_v come_v and_o begin_v to_o treat_v with_o ceure_n he_o fall_v into_o a_o fever_n and_o die_v leave_v that_o great_a work_n imperfect_a which_o no_o body_n since_o be_v able_a to_o finish_v paragraphe_n iii_o from_o the_o death_n of_o maximilian_n a_o 1519._o to_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n a_o 1525._o by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n charles_n be_v make_v possessor_n of_o austria_n and_o the_o empire_n be_v possess_v before_o of_o the_o inheritance_n of_o burgundy_n arragon_n and_o castilia_n a_o greatness_n which_o swell_v his_o mind_n and_o make_v he_o loose_v his_o respect_n to_o francis_n he_o complain_v that_o francis_n have_v take_v claude_n from_o he_o the_o elder_a daughter_n of_o lewis_n the_o xii_o which_o be_v promise_v to_o he_o francis_n redemanded_a navarra_n naples_n and_o the_o homage_v for_o the_o county_n of_o flanders_n and_o artois_n which_o charles_n take_v to_o be_v too_o low_a for_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o emperor_n charles_n also_o complain_v that_o the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n the_o patrimony_n of_o his_o grandmother_n mary_n be_v keep_v from_o he_o and_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n belong_v to_o the_o sforza_n and_o to_o the_o empire_n the_o great_a fire_n of_o war_n which_o last_v forty_o year_n between_o these_o two_o house_n break_v our_o upon_o a_o very_a slender_a occasion_n robert_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr march_n duke_n of_o bovillon_n adjudgd_v by_o the_o peer_n of_o his_o duchy_n which_o pretend_v themselves_o to_o be_v sovereign_n the_o town_n of_o hierges_n in_o ardennes_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o chimay_n of_o the_o house_n of_o crovi_n against_o the_o lord_n d'_fw-fr esmery_n to_o who_o the_o emperor_n give_v a_o writ_n of_o relief_n although_o robert_n pretend_v the_o judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n to_o be_v sovereign_a robert_n incense_v against_o the_o emperor_n make_v his_o address_n to_o francis_n the_o i_o and_o offer_v he_o his_o service_n the_o king_n receive_v he_o courteous_o yet_o forbid_v his_o subject_n to_o assist_v he_o not_o willing_a to_o break_v with_o the_o emperor_n but_o robert_n proud_a to_o have_v the_o protection_n of_o france_n denounce_v war_n to_o the_o emperor_n who_o be_v then_o at_o worm_n to_o pacify_v the_o trouble_n rise_v in_o germany_n about_o luther_n and_o attempt_n to_o surprise_v some_o place_n in_o luxemburg_n but_o the_o emperor_n present_o seize_v upon_o the_o estate_n of_o that_o little_a prince_n and_o constrain_v he_o to_o ask_v he_o pardon_v reproach_v francis_n in_o a_o odious_a manner_n for_o receive_v his_o rebellious_a subject_n about_o the_o same_o time_n francis_n upon_o the_o inexecution_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o noyon_n charles_n refuse_v to_o make_v restitution_n of_o navarra_n to_o henry_n d'_fw-fr albret_n take_v the_o quarrel_n of_o that_o dispossess_v prince_n and_o send_v andrew_n de_fw-fr foix_n lord_n de_fw-fr esparre_n brother_n to_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr lautre_fw-fr into_o navarra_n where_o the_o french_a do_v some_o exploit_n at_o the_o first_o but_o be_v soon_o repel_v by_o the_o spaniard_n charles_n take_v that_o enterprise_n for_o a_o infraction_n of_o the_o peace_n between_o the_o two_o house_n though_o it_o be_v but_o a_o succour_n give_v to_o a_o confederate_n of_o france_n to_o prosecute_v his_o right_n he_o make_v great_a preparative_n of_o war_n make_v leo_n the_o x_o break_v which_o the_o france_n &_o join_v with_o he_o promise_v that_o after_o the_o conquest_n of_o milan_n he_o will_v give_v to_o the_o church_n the_o town_n of_o parma_n and_o placentia_n member_n of_o that_o duchy_n to_o which_o the_o pope_n have_v some_o old_a pretence_n such_o be_v the_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o first_o war_n between_o francis_n and_o charles_n a_o 1521._o the_o first_o three_o or_o four_o year_n there_o be_v great_a exploit_n in_o champagne_n in_o navarra_n in_o provence_n and_o in_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n in_o tierasche_n the_o emperor_n take_v mouzon_n and_o besiege_a mezieres_n which_o anne_n the_o mommorency_n who_o since_o be_v constable_n of_o france_n and_o chevalier_n bayard_n defend_v brave_o and_o francis_n take_v bapaume_n and_o landrecy_n from_o the_o emperor_n and_o give_v he_o the_o chase_n in_o navarra_n the_o french_a have_v advance_v but_o little_a in_o the_o year_n 1519._o and_o 1520._o but_o in_o the_o year_n 1521._o the_o admiral_n of_o bonnivet_n besiege_v fontarabie_n and_o take_v it_o and_o make_v mounseur_fw-fr du_fw-fr lude_n governor_n of_o the_o same_o who_o be_v besiege_v a_o whole_a year_n by_o the_o spaniard_n defend_v it_o with_o great_a valour_n till_o la_fw-fr palisse_n since_o marshal_v of_o france_n make_v they_o forsake_v the_o siege_n but_o frauget_n a_o old_a captain_n be_v
present_o the_o war_n of_o the_o league_n begin_v in_o italy_n at_o milan_n at_o rome_n and_o at_o naples_n at_o milan_n the_o duke_n of_o bourbon_n general_n of_o the_o imperial_a army_n besiege_v francis_n sforza_n who_o the_o league_n have_v take_v in_o her_o protection_n sforza_n be_v constrain_v to_o surrender_v the_o castle_n and_o retire_v into_o the_o army_n of_o the_o league_n the_o general_n whereof_o be_v francisco_n maria_n duke_n of_o urbino_n the_o duke_n of_o bourbon_n have_v take_v milan_n go_v straight_o to_o rome_n take_v it_o and_o be_v kill_v in_o the_o assault_n the_o cardinal_n be_v imprison_v and_o ransom_v at_o the_o same_o time_n lautree_n be_v at_o naples_n with_o a_o army_n and_o lay_v a_o strait_a siege_n to_o it_o by_o land_n and_o andrew_n doria_n with_o the_o galley_n of_o france_n besiege_v it_o by_o sea_n yea_o he_o win_v a_o battle_n by_o sea_n in_o which_o moncado_n viceroy_n of_o naples_n be_v stain_v but_o be_v ill_o satisfy_v of_o king_n francis_n who_o deny_v he_o the_o ransom_n of_o prisoner_n and_o use_v he_o with_o contempt_n he_o turn_v to_o the_o emperor_n and_o relieve_v naples_n with_o victual_n by_o sea_n and_o lautree_n present_o after_o happen_v to_o die_v the_o french_a lose_v all_o in_o italy_n and_o the_o emperor_n settle_v himself_o in_o it_o with_o more_o power_n he_o restore_v the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n to_o sforza_n and_o make_v he_o marry_v his_o niece_n christina_n daughter_n to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n yet_o he_o cut_v off_o from_o that_o duchy_n the_o common_a wealth_n of_o genoa_n which_o be_v make_v sovereign_a at_o the_o request_n of_o andrew_n doria_n he_o confirm_v also_o parma_n and_o placentia_n to_o the_o pope_n 4._o while_o this_o war_n be_v in_o italy_n king_n francis_n make_v a_o league_n with_o henry_n the_o viii_o of_o england_n and_o both_o declare_v war_n against_o the_o emperor_n who_o have_v say_v to_o the_o herald_n of_o france_n that_o his_o master_n be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o declare_v war_n against_o he_o till_o he_o have_v disengage_v his_o faith_n and_o fulfil_v his_o promise_n which_o if_o he_o repent_v of_o that_o he_o shall_v return_v into_o prison_n to_o make_v a_o new_a treaty_n king_n francis_n exasperate_v with_o these_o word_n declare_v in_o presence_n of_o all_o the_o court_n that_o he_o will_v satisfy_v the_o emperor_n by_o a_o duel_n and_o send_v he_o a_o challenge_n say_v that_o the_o emperor_n lie_v if_o he_o say_v that_o he_o have_v break_v his_o word_n the_o emperor_n though_o he_o make_v a_o show_n to_o answer_v the_o challenge_n keep_v himself_o still_o to_o his_o answer_n that_o king_n francis_n be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o require_v satisfaction_n of_o he_o till_o he_o have_v discharge_v his_o promise_n so_o all_o these_o threaten_n vanish_v into_o smoke_n 5._o while_o these_o prince_n be_v thus_o contend_v two_o great_a princess_n lovise_v the_o king_n mother_n and_z margaret_z the_o emperor_n aunt_n be_v labour_v for_o a_o accommodation_n by_o their_o mean_n the_o treaty_n of_o cambray_n be_v make_v which_o therefore_o be_v call_v the_o treaty_n of_o lady_n it_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1529._o by_o that_o treaty_n a_o marriage_n be_v conclude_v between_o king_n francis_n and_o eleanor_n the_o emperor_n sister_n widow_n to_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n and_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o king_n francis_n shall_v pay_v two_o million_o of_o gold_n for_o the_o ransom_n of_o his_o son_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v disclaim_v all_o his_o right_n to_o the_o county_n of_o flanders_n and_o artois_n and_o to_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n and_o as_o some_o add_v to_o whole_a italy_n which_o be_v like_a enough_o since_o the_o treaty_n of_o cambray_n change_v nothing_o in_o that_o of_o madrid_n but_o that_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n paragraphe_n v._o from_o the_o treaty_n of_o cambray_n a_o 1529._o to_o that_o of_o crespy_n a_o 1544._o by_o the_o treaty_n of_o cambray_n war_n cease_v between_o these_o two_o prince_n but_o not_o the_o jealousy_n and_o hatred_n yet_o they_o keep_v peace_n till_o the_o year_n 1533._o when_v merville_n a_o italian_a gentleman_n the_o king_n servant_n be_v condemn_v and_o execute_v at_o milan_n because_o some_o of_o his_o servant_n have_v kill_v a_o man_n but_o the_o secret_a and_o true_a reason_n be_v that_o the_o emperor_n have_v complain_v to_o duke_n sforza_n that_o this_o merville_n be_v at_o milan_n as_o a_o spy_n for_o the_o french_a which_o be_v true_a yea_o he_o be_v a_o secret_a ambassador_n and_o sforza_n have_v desire_v that_o he_o shall_v not_o open_o take_v the_o title_n of_o ambassador_n for_o fear_v of_o offend_v the_o emperor_n that_o murder_n of_o merville_n break_v the_o peace_n for_o the_o king_n take_v arm_n to_o chastise_v sforza_n the_o emperor_n also_o take_v arm_n to_o defend_v he_o it_o be_v at_o that_o time_n that_o king_n francis_n institute_v a_o new_a form_n of_o militia_n which_o be_v call_v legionary_a the_o emperor_n also_o be_v incense_v by_o the_o alliance_n which_o the_o king_n have_v make_v with_o the_o german_a prince_n protestant_n though_o perhaps_o that_o name_n be_v not_o yet_o in_o fashion_n who_o be_v persecute_v by_o the_o emperor_n for_o their_o religion_n on_o have_v their_o refuge_n to_o the_o french_a king_n as_o the_o ancient_a confederate_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o germany_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o empire_n these_o prince_n be_v the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n the_o palatine_a the_o duke_n of_o bavier_n the_o duke_n of_o wertenberg_n the_o landgrave_n of_o hesse_n yea_o he_o lend_v a_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o virtenberg_n who_o engage_v to_o he_o the_o county_n of_o montbeliard_n but_o that_o engagement_n be_v simulate_v and_o francis_n do_v very_o willing_o assist_v the_o enemy_n of_o charles_n these_o be_v the_o motive_n and_o occasion_n of_o this_o war._n of_o which_o these_o be_v the_o chief_a passage_n 1._o francis_z to_o pass_v to_o milan_n demand_n of_o charles_n duke_n of_o savoy_n passage_n through_o his_o country_n the_o duke_n deny_v it_o by_o the_o instigation_n of_o beatrix_n of_o portugal_n his_o wife_n sister_n in_o law_n to_o the_o emperor_n &_o very_o partial_a for_o he_o that_o denial_n cost_v the_o duke_n the_o loss_n of_o all_o his_o land_n both_o of_o savoy_n and_o piedmont_n which_o the_o king_n take_v and_o keep_v they_o till_o the_o treaty_n of_o chasteau_n in_o cambresis_n a_o 1559._o the_o pretence_n of_o that_o invasion_n be_v the_o right_n which_o francis_n pretend_v in_o these_o state_n from_o his_o mother_n lovise_v of_o savoy_n a_o little_a before_o that_o invasion_n the_o emperor_n see_v that_o thick_a cloud_n threaten_v milan_n himself_o return_v from_o tunis_n with_o a_o weary_a and_o break_a army_n send_v to_o the_o k._n proposition_n of_o peace_n &_o many_o fair_a word_n yet_o he_o stand_v so_o stiff_o upon_o the_o treaty_n before_o very_o advantageous_a for_o he_o that_o the_o king_n will_v not_o hearken_v to_o he_o perceive_v that_o he_o will_v only_o protract_v the_o time_n till_o he_o have_v recrewt_v his_o army_n beside_o francis_n sforza_n be_v dead_a without_o child_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o emperor_n have_v seize_v upon_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n and_o it_o be_v report_v that_o he_o intend_v to_o bestow_v it_o upon_o a_o son_n of_o portugal_n his_o wife_n brother_n for_o these_o reason_n these_o two_o prince_n fall_v to_o action_n the_o king_n conquer_v savoy_n and_o piedmont_n and_o the_o emperor_n fortify_v himself_o at_o milan_n 2._o the_o emperor_n pass_v into_o italy_n visit_v the_o pope_n paul_n iii_n a_o 1536_o and_o in_o presence_n of_o the_o conclave_n inveigh_v against_o francis_n relate_v all_o that_o past_a between_o they_o ever_o since_o they_o come_v to_o their_o state_n reproach_v he_o especial_o for_o join_v with_o the_o prince_n of_o contrary_a religion_n in_o germany_n and_o offer_v three_o condition_n to_o the_o king_n to_o choose_v which_o he_o will_v the_o first_o be_v to_o give_v the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n to_o the_o king_n three_o son_n the_o duke_n of_o angoulesme_fw-fr not_o willing_a to_o give_v it_o either_o to_o the_o dolphin_n or_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o orleans_n for_o fear_n say_v he_o of_o give_v jealousy_n to_o the_o italian_a prince_n if_o person_n so_o near_o the_o crown_n grow_v so_o powerful_a in_o italy_n especial_o the_o duke_n of_o orleans_n who_o have_v late_o marry_v catherine_n de_fw-fr medicis_n which_o have_v some_o pretence_n upon_o florence_n and_o urbino_n if_o the_o king_n accept_v that_o condition_n he_o desire_v to_o know_v what_o assistance_n he_o will_v give_v he_o against_o the_o turk_n and_o the_o heretic_n the_o emperor_n second_o offer_n be_v to_o fight_v a_o duel_n with_o
and_o spain_n intervene_v to_o make_v they_o friend_n and_o this_o be_v do_v without_o prejudice_n to_o the_o peace_n between_o the_o two_o state_n valteline_n be_v a_o valley_n seat_v between_o germany_n the_o venetian_n the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n &_o the_o grison_n it_o be_v in_o old_a time_n a_o part_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n or_o at_o least_o a_o appurtenance_n of_o the_o same_o and_o be_v engage_v to_o the_o grison_n by_o lewis_n the_o xii_o for_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n arrear_n due_a to_o they_o for_o their_o service_n in_o the_o conquest_n of_o milan_n since_o which_o time_n it_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o grison_n but_o the_o difference_n of_o religion_n intervening_a and_o the_o grison_n be_v turn_v protestant_n for_o the_o most_o part_n valtolina_n keep_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o religion_n of_o milan_n which_o make_v they_o desire_n to_o shake_v the_o yoke_n of_o the_o grison_n and_o return_n under_o the_o subjection_n of_o milan_n invite_v to_o it_o by_o the_o spaniard_n so_o that_o a_o 1619._o the_o great_a revolt_n begin_v and_o the_o valtolin_n expel_v the_o grison_n their_o master_n who_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o protection_n of_o france_n by_o who_o they_o hold_v that_o country_n king_n lewis_n the_o xiii_o send_v mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr bassompierre_n into_o spain_n to_o philip_n the_o iv_o for_o philip_n the_o iii_o be_v late_o dead_a who_o grant_v according_a to_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n that_o all_o garrison_n of_o stranger_n shall_v depart_v out_o of_o valtolina_n and_o that_o order_n shall_v be_v take_v for_o the_o maintain_n of_o the_o catholic_a religion_n the_o duke_n of_o feria_n have_v refuse_v to_o execute_v that_o command_n and_o the_o valtolin_n unwilling_a to_o return_v to_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o grison_n king_n lewis_n exhort_v the_o swisser_n and_o grison_n to_o maintain_v their_o right_n and_o send_v they_o a_o ambassador_n the_o marquis_n de_fw-fr coenure_n who_o he_o make_v afterward_o general_n of_o their_o army_n and_o marshal_n of_o france_n know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o marshal_n d'estree_fw-mi then_o do_v the_o french_a and_o the_o spaniard_n fight_n yet_o without_o break_v the_o treaty_n of_o veruins_n because_o both_o act_v for_o their_o confederate_n pope_n vrban_n the_o viii_o have_v make_v himself_o depositary_a of_o the_o principal_a place_n of_o valtolina_n send_v his_o nephew_n cardinal_n barbarini_n into_o france_n a_o 1625._o who_o not_o be_v able_a to_o make_v a_o accommodation_n as_o pretend_v to_o deliver_v valtolina_n from_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o grison_n war_n begin_v in_o italy_n by_o the_o alliance_n make_v between_o the_o french_a and_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n against_o genoa_n which_o be_v assist_v by_o the_o spaniard_n thus_o these_o quarrel_n upon_o the_o by_o come_v very_o near_o to_o a_o absolute_a rapture_n between_o the_o two_o nation_n for_o at_o the_o same_o time_n some_o spanish_a ship_n pass_v from_o barcelona_n to_o genoa_n and_o drive_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o marseille_n be_v arrest_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o guise_n of_o which_o the_o genoese_n complain_v to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n who_o council_n irritate_v with_o these_o war_n and_o with_o the_o take_n of_o many_o place_n about_o genoa_n give_v order_n that_o all_o french_a ship_n in_o the_o haven_n of_o spain_n shall_v be_v arrest_v and_o all_o the_o good_n of_o the_o french_a traffic_a in_o spain_n seize_v upon_o the_o council_n of_o france_n to_o be_v even_o with_o they_o make_v two_o edict_n the_o one_o to_o forbid_v all_o traffic_n with_o spain_n the_o other_o to_o seize_v upon_o all_o ship_n of_o spain_n portugal_n naples_n and_o other_o place_n of_o the_o spanish_a dominion_n yet_o only_o by_o right_a of_o represall_n and_o for_o restitution_n of_o the_o good_n take_v from_o the_o french_a war_n continue_v in_o piedmont_n all_o that_o while_n till_o the_o winter_n of_o that_o year_n 1625_o when_o the_o army_n retire_v into_o garrison_n that_o winter_n du_n fâ—rgis_n the_o french_a emassadour_n in_o spain_n begin_v a_o treaty_n which_o be_v call_v the_o treaty_n of_o monson_n in_o arragon_n whereby_o without_o any_o commission_n from_o his_o master_n or_o his_o principal_a minister_n of_o state_n the_o cardinal_n de_fw-fr richelieu_n as_o it_o be_v pretend_v he_o do_v great_o derogate_v to_o the_o right_n of_o the_o grison_n over_o valtolina_n make_v the_o valtolin_n well_o nigh_o soveraine_v take_v from_o the_o grison_n all_o power_n to_o refuse_v the_o judge_n and_o that_o form_n of_o government_n which_o the_o valtolin_n will_v set_v up_o among_o themselves_o that_o treaty_n be_v disavow_v by_o king_n lewis_n and_o the_o cardinal_n who_o command_v the_o ambassador_n to_o reform_v it_o wherein_o so_o much_o tedious_a protraction_n be_v use_v that_o lewis_n be_v in_o the_o end_n constrain_v to_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o valtolin_n and_o send_v they_o the_o duke_n of_o rohan_n who_o there_o continue_v the_o war_n even_o after_o the_o rapture_n between_o the_o two_o crown_n in_o the_o year_n 1628._o vincent_n the_o ii_o duke_n of_o mantua_n be_v dead_a charles_n duke_n of_o nevers_n the_o next_o heir_n male_a succeed_v but_o the_o emperor_n make_v some_o difficulty_n about_o it_o because_o he_o be_v bear_v in_o france_n and_o because_o he_o do_v not_o come_v personal_o to_o he_o to_o render_v his_o homage_n but_o beside_o his_o right_n of_o lapse_n for_o want_n of_o homage_n he_o set_v up_o the_o right_n of_o duke_n guastullo_n of_o the_o same_o house_n of_o mantua_n which_o yet_o appear_v at_o the_o first_o to_o be_v weak_a and_o of_o no_o force_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n renew_v his_o right_n to_o montserrat_n so_o the_o new_a duke_n of_o mantua_n see_v himself_o almost_o swallow_v up_o by_o the_o emperor_n the_o spaniard_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n yea_o don_n gonzales_n de_fw-fr cordova_n besiege_v cazal_n the_o old_a apple_n of_o discord_n between_o the_o house_n of_o mantua_n and_o savoy_n king_n lewis_n resolve_v to_o maintain_v his_o subject_n and_o confederate_a send_v beuron_n and_o guron_n to_o defend_v cazal_n himself_o pass_v into_o italy_n force_v le_fw-fr pas_fw-fr de_fw-fr suze_fw-fr drive_v the_o spaniard_n from_o the_o siege_n of_o cazal_n and_o compel_v the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n to_o let_v the_o mantuan_a be_v in_o peace_n the_o protestant_n in_o france_n be_v in_o arm_n rochel_n besiege_v and_o their_o party_n bring_v low_a some_o say_v that_o the_o duke_n of_o rohan_n send_v clausel_n from_o montpellier_n to_o madrid_n to_o put_v the_o protestant_a party_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n the_o history_n of_o dupleix_n set_v down_o the_o whole_a treaty_n between_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o rohan_n whereby_o the_o spaniard_n promise_v to_o assist_v rohan_n with_o man_n and_o money_n but_o lewis_n return_v victorious_a out_o of_o italy_n sudden_o overcome_v the_o protestant_a party_n and_o force_v they_o to_o receive_v peace_n the_o spaniard_n think_v he_o may_v as_o lawful_o assist_v the_o protestant_n of_o france_n as_o the_o french_a assist_v those_o of_o holland_n whilst_o lewis_n be_v busy_a about_o the_o pacification_n of_o his_o own_o state_n the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n renew_v his_o pretence_n to_o montserrat_n the_o emperor_n send_v colalâ—o_o against_o the_o duke_n of_o mantua_n and_o the_o marquesse_n of_o spinola_n besiege_v cazal_n but_o in_o vain_a be_v well_o defend_v by_o toiras_n since_o marshal_v of_o france_n lewis_n repass_v into_o italy_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o savoy_n and_o piedmont_n the_o imperial_a army_n take_v mantua_n but_o all_o be_v pacify_v by_o the_o treaty_n of_o queyras_n a_o 1631._o and_o the_o duke_n of_o mantua_n be_v settle_v in_o his_o estate_n in_o that_o year_n 1631._o marry_o the_o queen_n mother_n of_o france_n retire_v into_o flanders_n the_o next_o year_n 1632._o the_o duke_n of_o orleans_n her_o son_n do_v the_o like_a where_o get_v some_o dutch_a and_o german_a troop_n he_o make_v a_o inroad_n into_o france_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1633._o he_o make_v a_o treaty_n with_o the_o spaniard_n to_o enter_v into_o france_n with_o a_o army_n all_o this_o without_o absolute_a rapture_n betwixt_o the_o two_o crown_n only_o the_o spaniard_n foment_v the_o division_n of_o the_o royal_a house_n of_o france_n gustavus_n adolphus_n king_n of_o sueden_n after_o a_o long_a war_n against_o poland_n come_v into_o germany_n a_o 1631._o for_o the_o restitution_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o meckelburg_n his_o kinsman_n into_o their_o estate_n out_o of_o which_o the_o emperor_n have_v expel_v they_o and_o to_o restore_v liberty_n to_o the_o city_n of_o germany_n lewis_n jealous_a of_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o have_v cause_n enough_o to_o ressent_n the_o wrong_v offer_v to_o he_o
by_o the_o emperor_n make_v a_o covenant_n with_o the_o king_n of_o sueden_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o common_a friend_n oppress_v the_o safety_n of_o the_o commerce_n upon_o the_o sea_n &_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o king_n of_o sueden_n promise_v the_o assistance_n of_o his_o arm_n and_o his_o person_n and_o the_o king_n of_o france_n a_o million_o of_o liver_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la hence_o follow_v the_o great_a victory_n of_o gustavus_n till_o he_o be_v slay_v at_o the_o battle_n of_o lutzen_n in_o novemb_v 1632._o an._n 1634._o the_o duke_n of_o orleans_n leave_v flanders_n and_o return_n to_o the_o king_n his_o brother_n iii_o paragraphe_n from_o the_o rupture_n of_o the_o peace_n till_o now_o these_o mutual_a offence_n be_v accumulate_v in_o the_o end_n break_v into_o open_a war_n it_o be_v declare_v by_o the_o french_a by_o a_o herald_n in_o flanders_n in_o may_n 1635._o that_o declaration_n be_v ground_v upon_o that_o old_a complaint_n that_o the_o spaniard_n aspire_v to_o the_o universal_a monarchy_n of_o europe_n and_o to_o devour_v all_o the_o prince_n thereof_o and_o because_o the_o spaniard_n vex_v the_o confederate_n of_o france_n with_o war_n but_o more_o particular_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o imprisonment_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o treves_n who_o have_v put_v himself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o king_n lewis_n to_o all_o the_o complaint_n of_o the_o french_a the_o spaniard_n have_v their_o answer_n and_o have_v enough_o on_o their_o part_n to_o complain_v howsoever_o this_o war_n have_v produce_v many_o great_a exploit_n on_o both_o side_n in_o germany_n in_o italy_n in_o flanders_n in_o spain_n and_o though_o the_o fortune_n of_o war_n have_v alternative_a success_n yet_o france_n have_v hitherto_o the_o advantage_n of_o that_o bloody_a game_n have_v stretch_v her_o dominion_n beyond_o the_o rhine_n unite_a lorraine_n to_o the_o french_a crown_n get_v many_o town_n in_o flanders_n and_o artois_n perpignan_n and_o the_o county_n of_o roussillon_n and_o get_v a_o good_a foot_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n beside_o catalonia_n which_o have_v submit_v herself_o to_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o france_n the_o great_a loss_n of_o the_o spaniard_n be_v that_o of_o portugal_n by_o the_o practice_n of_o france_n whereby_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n have_v lose_v brasill_n and_o the_o east-indies_n a_o appendix_n to_o the_o forego_n discourse_n show_v the_o dispute_n about_o the_o precedence_n at_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n between_o the_o ambassador_n of_o france_n and_o spain_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o before_o the_o formation_n of_o that_o great_a colossus_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n about_o the_o year_n 1520._o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v acknowledge_v the_o first_o of_o christendom_n next_o to_o the_o emperor_n the_o piece_n wherewith_o the_o greatness_n of_o spain_n be_v make_v up_o be_v province_n most_o of_o they_o feudatary_n of_o the_o empire_n or_o of_o france_n or_o of_o the_o pope_n all_o these_o late_o gather_v up_o but_o france_n be_v of_o a_o ancient_a entire_a and_o independent_a greatness_n the_o ambassador_n of_o charles_n the_o v._o have_v the_o precedence_n every_o where_n before_o those_o of_o france_n because_o he_o be_v emperor_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 1555._o when_o he_o resign_v that_o quality_n of_o emperor_n to_o his_o brother_n and_o his_o other_o quality_n and_o state_n to_o his_o son_n perceive_v that_o his_o son_n want_v the_o quality_n of_o emperor_n can_v not_o keep_v that_o pre-eminence_n he_o use_v this_o artifice_n a_o little_a before_o his_o retirement_n from_o the_o world_n he_o recall_v from_o venice_n his_o ambassador_n francisco_n de_fw-fr vargas_n who_o be_v a_o ambassador_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v a_o precedence_n before_o the_o french_a ambassador_n then_o after_o the_o resignation_n of_o his_o state_n he_o send_v the_o same_o vargas_n to_o venice_n again_o as_o ambassador_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o son_n joint_o although_o in_o effect_n charles_n be_v devest_v of_o his_o dignity_n vargas_n be_v ambassador_n of_o his_o son_n only_o hope_v thereby_o to_o deceive_v the_o venetian_n and_o other_o by_o send_v the_o same_o man_n vargas_n demand_v of_o the_o senate_n of_o venice_n the_o same_o precedence_n which_o he_o have_v before_o to_o which_o dominique_n bishop_n of_o lodeva_n ambassador_n of_o henry_n the_o two_o of_o france_n make_v opposition_n represent_v to_o the_o senate_n that_o charles_n be_v no_o more_o considerable_a in_o the_o world_n that_o when_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n shall_v appear_v he_o will_v yield_v to_o they_o but_o that_o he_o will_v not_o yield_v to_o the_o ambassador_n of_o philip_n but_o in_o all_o occasion_n of_o audience_n ceremony_n visit_n and_o the_o like_a he_o will_v take_v the_o first_o place_n till_o the_o come_n of_o the_o imperial_a ambassador_n the_o senate_n fear_v some_o ill_a issue_n of_o this_o dispute_n give_v order_n that_o the_o two_o ambassador_n shall_v not_o present_v themselves_o at_o the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o feast_n of_o st_n mark_n and_o so_o the_o matter_n remain_v undecided_a all_o the_o year_n 1557_o by_o the_o irresolution_n of_o that_o commonwealth_n and_o the_o simplicity_n of_o the_o french_a ambassador_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 1558._o francis_n de_fw-fr novailles_fw-fr bishop_n of_o ac_n have_v succeed_v that_o of_o lodeva_n renew_v the_o dispute_n and_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n be_v come_v he_o demand_v to_o be_v maintain_v in_o his_o right_n and_o to_o have_v the_o first_o place_n after_o the_o emperor_n ambassador_n and_o courageous_o take_v it_o before_o vargas_n who_o see_v that_o the_o policy_n of_o charles_n who_o die_v at_o the_o same_o time_n take_v no_o effect_n and_o that_o he_o be_v consider_v only_o as_o ambassador_n of_o philip_n begin_v to_o extol_v his_o master_n greatness_n and_o number_v his_o state_n and_o sovereignty_n which_o he_o possess_v in_o far_o great_a number_n than_o the_o king_n of_o france_n say_v that_o these_o custom_n of_o honour_n and_o precedence_n must_v alter_v according_a to_o the_o time_n that_o his_o master_n be_v the_o great_a king_n of_o the_o world_n far_o more_o able_a to_o assist_v the_o commonwealth_n with_o arm_n man_n and_o money_n than_o the_o king_n of_o france_n the_o bishop_n of_o ac_n stout_o resist_v he_o and_o obtain_v of_o the_o senate_n a_o order_n whereby_o the_o precedence_n be_v adjudge_v unto_o he_o above_o the_o ambassador_n of_o spain_n about_o which_o when_o the_o spaniard_n expostulate_v very_o earnest_o it_o be_v answer_v he_o that_o the_o commonwealth_n will_v not_o undertake_v to_o examine_v the_o greatness_n of_o their_o majesty_n but_o that_o they_o find_v in_o their_o record_n that_o in_o all_o act_v both_o public_a and_o private_a ceremony_n visit_n and_o audience_n the_o ambassador_n of_o france_n have_v precede_v those_o of_o spain_n and_o to_o that_o receive_a custom_n they_o will_v keep_v this_o answer_n offend_v philip_n who_o upon_o that_o call_v back_o his_o ambassador_n but_o micael_n surriano_n the_o venetian_a ambassador_n in_o his_o court_n defend_v the_o decree_n of_o the_o senate_n of_o venice_n and_o in_o some_o sort_n mitigate_v the_o displeasure_n of_o philip_n who_o yet_o in_o all_o occasion_n renew_v that_o dispute_n his_o great_a effort_n be_v four_o year_n after_o in_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n to_o understand_v the_o right_n of_o precedence_n of_o ambassador_n we_o must_v know_v that_o in_o the_o council_n there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o assembly_n particular_a congregation_n general_a congregation_n and_o session_n in_o the_o private_a congregation_n the_o doctor_n assist_v with_o some_o bishop_n examine_v the_o question_n of_o faith_n and_o reformation_n and_o there_o no_o ceremony_n of_o precedence_n be_v heed_v in_o the_o general_a congregation_n all_o the_o prelate_n assemble_v 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themselves_o and_o go_v into_o spain_n against_o they_o the_o most_o eminent_a be_v henry_n of_o the_o first_o royal_a house_n of_o burgundy_n for_o although_o there_o have_v be_v much_o dispute_n about_o his_o origine_fw-la now_o all_o historian_n acknowledge_v that_o he_o be_v grand_a child_n to_o robert_n brother_z to_z king_n henry_n the_o i_o who_o have_v burgundy_n give_v he_o for_o his_o apanage_n this_o henry_n of_o burgundy_n have_v do_v great_a exploit_n against_o the_o moor_n marry_v teresa_n natural_a daughter_n of_o alphonsus_n who_o give_v she_o for_o her_o portion_n the_o town_n of_o coimbra_n braga_n and_o other_o in_o portugal_n with_o force_n to_o conquer_v the_o rest_n of_o which_o he_o quit_v himself_o so_o well_o that_o he_o expel_v the_o infidel_n from_o great_a part_n of_o portugal_n of_o which_o he_o be_v call_v comes_n or_o count_n and_o no_o other_o title_n do_v he_o bear_v all_o his_o life_n time_n he_o die_v a_o 1112._o and_o leave_v a_o son_n name_v alphonsus_n who_o take_v lisbon_n and_o much_o country_n beside_o and_o be_v call_v the_o first_o king_n of_o portugal_n a_o 1139._o from_o that_o alphonsus_n be_v descend_v the_o whole_a house_n of_o portugal_n till_o the_o death_n of_o henry_n the_o cardinal_n king_n an_z 1580._o at_o which_o time_n portugal_n be_v unite_v with_o spain_n the_o great_a difficulty_n about_o the_o succession_n of_o that_o kingdom_n whether_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o house_n of_o spain_n or_o to_o that_o of_o braganza_n or_o to_o that_o of_o parma_n be_v nothing_o to_o this_o purpose_n it_o have_v weary_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a politician_n for_o threescore_o year_n and_o final_o have_v end_v in_o a_o general_a revolt_n of_o portugal_n and_o a_o bloody_a war._n certain_o although_o such_o as_o be_v most_o jealous_a of_o the_o growth_n of_o spain_n will_v vote_n for_o the_o house_n of_o braganza_n and_o that_o of_o parma_n the_o question_n be_v not_o without_o difficulty_n but_o france_n have_v a_o further_a pretence_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o portugal_n for_o which_o we_o must_v remount_v high_o alphonsus_n the_o two_o king_n of_o portugal_n have_v two_o son_n sanchez_n the_o two_o surname_v capel_n and_o alphonsus_n sanchez_n reign_v after_o his_o father_n but_o with_o small_a vigour_n and_o be_v despise_v by_o his_o subject_n alphonsus_n live_v then_o in_o the_o court_n of_o st_n lewis_n where_o he_o receive_v much_o honour_n as_o be_v his_o kinsman_n by_o blanch_n of_o castilia_n the_o king_n mother_n by_o his_o mean_n he_o marry_v mahaut_n of_o dampmartin_n widow_n to_o a_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n an_z 1235._o and_o by_o she_o have_v child_n the_o people_n of_o portugal_n weary_a of_o their_o king_n sanchez_n desire_a alphonsus_n to_o come_v home_o and_o take_v the_o tuition_n of_o the_o state_n which_o he_o do_v leave_v his_o wife_n mahaut_n in_o france_n and_o his_o brother_n be_v degrade_v and_o himself_o make_v king_n he_o forget_v his_o wife_n and_o child_n in_o france_n and_o marry_v beatrix_n natural_a daughter_n of_o alphonsus_n the_o ix_o king_n of_o castilia_n who_o give_v she_o for_o her_o portion_n the_o kingdom_n of_o algarba_n because_o his_o first_o wife_n be_v live_v that_o 2_o marriage_n be_v account_v unlawful_a yea_o alphonsus_n be_v excommunicate_v for_o it_o by_o pope_n alexander_n the_o iv_o and_o hate_v by_o all_o the_o prince_n and_o mahaut_n come_v into_o spain_n make_v a_o heavy_a complaint_n against_o he_o who_o be_v so_o harden_v in_o that_o sin_n that_o he_o protest_v that_o if_o a_o hundred_o wife_n will_v have_v he_o he_o will_v marry_v they_o all_o yet_o be_v a_o great_a warrior_n and_o a_o wise_a and_o prosperous_a king_n he_o maintain_v himself_o by_o the_o love_n of_o his_o subject_n insomuch_o that_o mahaut_n be_v dead_a the_o bishop_n of_o portugal_n obtain_v his_o absolution_n of_o urban_n the_o iv_o and_o the_o confirmation_n of_o that_o second_o marriage_n
alphonsus_n possess_v any_o thing_n in_o it_o 6._o rené_fw-fr die_v a_o 1480._o although_o his_o daughter_n yoland_n duchess_n of_o lorraine_n have_v leave_v child_n he_o leave_v the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o county_n of_o provence_n and_o of_o his_o right_n upon_o naples_n charles_n count_n du_fw-fr maine_n son_n to_o his_o brother_n of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o title_n and_o charles_n die_v likewise_o without_o issue_n leave_v lewis_n the_o xi_o his_o heir_n in_o all_o his_o state_n and_o the_o king_n of_o france_n successor_n to_o lewis_n lewis_n neglect_v to_o go_v to_o naples_n hold_v by_o ferdinand_n bastard_n of_o that_o alphonsus_n and_o by_o his_o child_n content_v himself_o to_o hold_v provence_n but_o his_o son_n charles_n the_o viii_o undertake_v the_o conquest_n of_o naples_n a_o 1493._o and_o after_o he_o lewis_z the_o xii_o and_o francis_n the_o i._o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n we_o shall_v see_v the_o several_a war_n partage_n and_o treaty_n between_o these_o two_o house_n for_o that_o kingdom_n so_o all_o the_o right_n of_o the_o house_n of_o france_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n be_v reduce_v to_o these_o head_n 1._o the_o investiture_n by_o urban_n the_o iv_o in_o favour_n of_o charles_n brother_n to_o st_n lewis_n a_o weak_a right_o if_o it_o be_v alone_o the_o french_a king_n have_v not_o succeed_v to_o that_o family_n by_o kindred_n for_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o any_o branch_n of_o the_o house_n of_o france_n do_v not_o therefore_o belong_v to_o france_n 2._o the_o adoption_n of_o lewis_n the_o first_o of_o the_o second_o house_n of_o anjou_n by_o queen_n jane_n the_o i._o by_o the_o counsel_n and_o leave_v of_o clement_n the_o vii_o who_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o france_n for_o a_o true_a pope_n by_o that_o adoption_n the_o right_a of_o naples_n fall_v to_o the_o house_n of_o anjou_n of_o which_o the_o french_a king_n have_v inherit_v 3._o the_o two_o adoption_n make_v by_o queen_n jane_n the_o ii_o first_o of_o lewis_n the_o iii_o duke_n of_o anjou_n and_o after_o he_o of_o his_o brother_n rené_fw-fr 4._o the_o will_n of_o charles_n count_n du_fw-fr maine_n who_o name_v lewis_n the_o xi_o his_o heir_n both_o of_o provence_n and_o of_o his_o right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o his_o successor_n king_n of_o france_n after_o he_o paragraphe_n viii_o of_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n after_o the_o wrack_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n a_o 400._o all_o the_o country_n about_o the_o river_n of_o po_n towards_o the_o alps_n be_v take_v by_o theodorick_n goth_n and_o keep_v by_o his_o child_n till_o about_o the_o year_n 550._o that_o they_o be_v recover_v by_o belisarius_n and_o narses_n two_o captain_n of_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n but_o soon_o after_o the_o same_o country_n be_v win_v by_o the_o ostrogoth_n king_n of_o italy_n and_o again_o by_o the_o lombard_n who_o settle_v a_o great_a state_n there_o and_o maintain_v it_o till_o the_o time_n of_o charlemain_n who_o destroy_v it_o an_z 774._o after_o which_o time_n all_o the_o town_n of_o those_o part_n be_v imperial_a belong_v to_o whosoever_o have_v the_o empire_n of_o the_o west_n the_o house_n of_o charlemain_n be_v degenerate_v and_o have_v lose_v the_o empire_n after_o the_o year_n 900._o the_o empire_n be_v dispute_v between_o the_o italian_a and_o the_o german_a prince_n for_o 50_o year_n in_o the_o end_n the_o german_n have_v prevail_v in_o the_o person_n of_o otho_n the_o i_o &_o the_o emperor_n his_o successor_n have_v choose_v the_o seat_n of_o their_o empire_n in_o germany_n and_o be_v at_o odds_o many_o time_n with_o the_o pope_n their_o power_n sensible_o decay_v in_o italy_n and_o great_a part_n of_o the_o town_n of_o lombardy_n slip_v out_o of_o their_o dominion_n and_o choose_v to_o themselves_o italian_a lord_n the_o emperor_n retain_v the_o shadow_n only_o of_o sovereignty_n many_o also_o choose_v liberty_n &_o a_o popular_a state_n as_o sienna_n pisa_n florence_n genoa_n and_o other_o in_o these_o confusion_n the_o city_n of_o milan_n be_v usurp_v by_o the_o viscount_n of_o angleria_n a_o small_a place_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n who_o maintain_v themselves_o about_o six_o hundred_o year_n under_o that_o name_n and_o quality_n of_o viscount_n until_o the_o year_n 1497._o that_o the_o emperor_n wenceslaus_n not_o friderick_n as_o gassan_n say_v erect_v milan_n into_o a_o duchy_n the_o first_o duke_n be_v galeas_n the_o iii_o who_o have_v marry_v isabel_n daughter_n to_o john_n king_n of_o france_n that_o galeas_n have_v three_o son_n john_n maria_n that_o succeed_v he_o and_o die_v without_o issue_n philip_n maria_n that_o succeed_v his_o brother_n who_o likewise_o die_v without_o issue_n leave_v a_o bastard_n daughter_n name_v bona_n marry_v to_o francis_n sforza_n a_o soldier_n of_o fortune_n but_o a_o gallant_a man_n that_o first_o duke_n galeas_n beside_o these_o two_o son_n have_v a_o daughter_n call_v valentina_n marry_v to_o lewis_n duke_n of_o orleans_n son_n to_o charles_n the_o v._o king_n of_o france_n an_z 1398._o her_o father_n give_v she_o the_o county_n of_o ast_n for_o her_o portion_n with_o a_o million_o of_o liver_n wherewith_o the_o county_n of_o blois_n be_v buy_v chasteauduro_n soissons_fw-fr and_o other_o lordship_n and_o by_o the_o contract_n of_o matrimony_n it_o be_v declare_v that_o if_o the_o masculine_a line_n of_o galeas_n shall_v fail_v valentina_n and_o her_o child_n shall_v succeed_v in_o the_o duchy_n it_o be_v true_a that_o this_o clause_n have_v this_o great_a defect_n that_o the_o duchy_n be_v establish_v a_o masculine_a fee_n galeas_n can_v not_o make_v it_o feminine_a without_o the_o emperor_n leave_n which_o be_v not_o demand_v because_o the_o empire_n be_v then_o vacant_a by_o the_o degradation_n of_o wenceslaus_n who_o the_o elector_n depose_v for_o his_o idleness_n but_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o the_o pope_n benedict_n the_o xiii_o who_o then_o have_v his_o see_n at_o avignon_n approve_v that_o contract_n for_o that_o right_a the_o pope_n challenge_n in_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o empire_n howsoever_o john_n maria_n and_o philip_n maria_n be_v dead_a without_o lawful_a issue_n none_o have_v more_o right_a to_o that_o succession_n than_o the_o child_n of_o valentina_n but_o that_o succession_n fall_v in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o confusion_n of_o france_n under_o charles_n the_o vii_o when_o the_o two_o son_n of_o valentina_n charles_n duke_n of_o orleans_n &_o john_n count_n of_o angoulesme_fw-fr be_v prisoner_n in_o england_n where_o the_o elder_a remain_v five_o and_o twenty_o year_n and_o the_o second_o well_o nigh_o thirty_o in_o that_o long_a time_n it_o be_v easy_a for_o francis_n sforza_n who_o have_v marry_v bona_n the_o bastard_n daughter_n of_o duke_n philip_n maria_n to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o milan_n of_o which_o he_o procure_v and_o obtain_v the_o investiture_n from_o the_o emperor_n friderick_n the_o iv_o this_o francis_n sforza_n have_v two_o son_n who_o he_o leave_v to_o the_o tuition_n of_o his_o brother_n ludovick_n sforza_n so_o famous_a in_o the_o history_n of_o milan_n who_o have_v make_v away_o his_o pupil_n seize_v upon_o the_o state_n of_o milan_n and_o be_v expel_v out_o of_o it_o by_o lewis_n the_o xii_o king_n of_o france_n and_o since_o be_v take_v &_o carry_v to_o loches_n where_o he_o die_v in_o prison_n he_o leave_v two_o son_n maximilian_n who_o be_v restore_v by_o the_o swisser_n and_o since_o take_v by_o francis_n the_o i._o and_o die_v in_o france_n his_o other_o son_n be_v francis_n sforza_n the_o second_o who_o die_v without_o issue_n 1534._o so_o that_o house_n of_o sforza_n maintain_v the_o usurpation_n of_o mi._n an_o well_o nigh_o a_o hundred_o year_n among_o many_o war_n and_o division_n the_o lawful_a right_n remain_v still_o in_o the_o house_n of_o orleans_n with_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o county_n of_o ast_n which_o be_v part_n of_o that_o duchy_n but_o that_o right_o can_v not_o be_v prosecute_v 1._o in_o the_o desolation_n of_o the_o house_n of_o orleans_n and_o the_o great_a division_n between_o that_o house_n and_o the_o house_n of_o burgundy_n 2._o in_o the_o long_a inprisonment_n of_o the_o two_o prince_n of_o orleans_n 3._o in_o the_o great_a trouble_n of_o the_o state_n of_o france_n almost_o all_o the_o reign_n of_o charles_n the_o vii_o 4._o beside_o lewis_n the_o xi_o have_v many_o other_o business_n all_o his_o time_n neither_o do_v he_o love_v the_o house_n of_o orleans_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o his_o blood_n and_o of_o all_o thing_n he_o hate_v the_o war_n of_o italy_n whither_o he_o will_v never_o go_v neither_o for_o the_o conquest_n of_o naples_n nor_o for_o the_o receive_v the_o city_n of_o genoa_n that_o give_v herself_o to_o he_o 5._o all_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o viii_o be_v spend_v in_o civil_a war_n or_o in_o the_o conquest_n
make_v governor_n instead_o of_o lude_n he_o deliver_v it_o base_o to_o the_o spaniard_n for_o which_o he_o be_v degrade_v of_o nobility_n with_o this_o the_o french_a lose_v all_o navarra_n and_o never_o come_v into_o it_o since_o for_o milan_n francis_n have_v give_v the_o government_n of_o it_o to_o the_o constable_n charles_n de_fw-fr bourbon_n he_o remove_v he_o and_o give_v it_o to_o lautree_n of_o the_o house_n of_o foix_n a_o great_a captain_n in_o the_o field_n but_o a_o ill_a politician_n in_o a_o state_n he_o so_o misuse_v the_o people_n of_o milan_n both_o by_o himself_o and_o by_o his_o brother_n the_o marshal_n de_fw-fr lescun_fw-fr and_o together_o be_v so_o ill_o assist_v with_o money_n from_o the_o court_n that_o the_o emperor_n have_v a_o easy_a entry_n into_o the_o country_n milan_n be_v take_v and_o plunder_v by_o the_o league_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o french_a expel_v out_o of_o the_o duchy_n at_o which_o they_o say_v that_o the_o pope_n die_v for_o joy_n a_o 1621._o soon_o after_o the_o battle_n of_o la_fw-fr bicoque_fw-la be_v fight_v which_o the_o freneh_n lose_v by_o the_o stubborness_n of_o the_o swisser_n lautree_n be_v return_v into_o france_n the_o admiral_n de_fw-fr bonnivet_n be_v send_v to_o milan_n where_o he_o do_v no_o better_o and_o be_v force_v to_o forsake_v all_o in_o that_o retreat_n chevalier_n bayard_n be_v kill_v a_o 1523._o these_o prosperity_n of_o the_o emperor_n be_v much_o help_v by_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o constable_n of_o bourbon_n 1522_o who_o be_v incense_v by_o the_o little_a account_n that_o francis_n make_v of_o he_o the_o encroach_a of_o the_o duke_n of_o alencon_n and_o the_o marshal_n of_o bonivet_n upon_o his_o office_n of_o constable_n by_o the_o king_n favour_n the_o hatred_n of_o lovise_v the_o king_n mother_n and_o the_o chancellor_n du_fw-fr prat_n against_o he_o and_o the_o small_a justice_n which_o he_o expect_v in_o a_o suit_n which_o concern_v almost_o his_o whole_a estate_n be_v turn_v to_o the_o emperor_n party_n he_o help_v he_o to_o conquer_v milan_n and_o to_o give_v the_o chase_n to_o the_o admiral_n of_o bonivet_n pass_v into_o provence_n with_o the_o imperial_a army_n besiege_v marseille_n where_o he_o be_v repulse_v by_o renso_n de_fw-fr cera_n a_o roman_a baron_n and_o philip_n de_fw-fr chabot_n that_o keep_v it_o for_o the_o king_n he_o repass_v the_o alps_n and_o the_o king_n after_o he_o who_o come_v to_o milan_n recover_v present_o the_o whole_a duchy_n pavia_n only_o accept_v while_o francis_n be_v besiege_v pavia_n defend_v by_o antonio_n de_fw-fr leva_n charles_n de_fw-fr bourbon_n bring_v troop_n out_o of_o germany_n to_o relieve_v it_o the_o battle_n of_o pavia_n be_v fight_v where_o the_o victory_n be_v already_o on_o the_o king_n side_n he_o will_v follow_v in_o person_n the_o enemy_n which_o be_v retire_v and_o have_v no_o soon_o overtake_v they_o but_o he_o be_v take_v by_o they_o an_z 1524._o upon_o saint_n mathias_n day_n francis_n have_v be_v keep_v a_o while_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o pissigitun_n be_v carry_v into_o spain_n and_o there_o keep_v prisoner_n his_o kingdom_n labour_v for_o his_o deliverance_n &_o for_o peace_n this_o bring_v forth_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n a_o 1525_o where_o gatinara_n chancellor_n to_o the_o emperor_n and_o john_n de_fw-fr selva_n first_o precedent_n of_o paris_n who_o be_v the_o two_o learned_a among_o the_o deputy_n dispute_v at_o several_a time_n the_o right_n of_o their_o master_n selva_n claim_v naples_n navarra_n and_o the_o soverainties_n of_o flanders_n and_o artois_n gatinara_n claim_v the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n and_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n which_o the_o emperor_n then_o possess_v in_o the_o end_n the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n be_v make_v where_o among_o other_o thing_n it_o be_v conclude_v febr._n 14.1525_o 1._o that_o within_o the_o 20._o day_n of_o the_o month_n of_o june_n next_o the_o king_n will_v put_v the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n into_o the_o emperor_n hand_n with_o all_o the_o appurtenance_n and_o dependence_n thereof_o and_o all_o that_o he_o hold_v of_o the_o french_a county_n 2_o that_o he_o shall_v renounce_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o that_o duchy_n and_o county_n and_o of_o the_o county_n of_o flanders_n and_o artois_n 3._o that_o he_o shall_v renounce_v all_o his_o claim_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n genoa_n ast_n douai_n l'_fw-mi isle_n tournay_n and_o hesdin_n 4._o that_o the_o king_n with_o all_o his_o power_n shall_v procure_v that_o henry_n d'_fw-fr albret_n forsake_v his_o claim_n to_o navarra_n in_o the_o emperor_n behalf_n or_o if_o henry_n refuse_v it_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v not_o assist_v he_o with_o his_o force_n 5._o that_o the_o emperor_n shall_v likewise_o disclaim_v all_o his_o right_n to_o the_o county_n of_o ponthieu_n bullen_n and_o guines_n and_o to_o the_o town_n of_o montdidier_n roye_n peronne_n and_o other_o town_n and_o lordship_n of_o picardy_n paragraphe_n iv_o from_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n to_o that_o of_o cambray_n that_o period_n contain_v but_o four_o or_o five_o year_n in_o which_o many_o considerable_a thing_n do_v happen_v 1._o the_o king_n be_v deliver_v out_o of_o prison_n give_v his_o two_o son_n for_o hostage_n the_o dolphin_n francis_n and_z henry_n duke_n of_o orleans_n go_v to_o bayonne_n and_o bourdeaux_n stay_v at_o angoulesme_fw-fr and_o cognac_n accompany_v with_o charles_n de_fw-fr lanoy_n viceroy_n of_o naples_n to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o treaty_n but_o that_o viceroy_n see_v in_o short_a time_n three_o action_n repugnant_a unto_o it_o 1._o the_o first_o that_o the_o king_n have_v cause_v the_o article_n to_o be_v read_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o state_n of_o his_o kingdom_n they_o tell_v he_o that_o they_o be_v unjust_a contrary_a to_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o state_n and_o that_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o observe_v they_o although_o the_o king_n do_v protest_v of_o his_o willingness_n to_o see_v they_o observe_v two_o thing_n make_v these_o article_n unjust_a 1._o the_o right_a of_o nation_n whereby_o all_o treaty_n make_v by_o one_o keep_v in_o prison_n be_v account_v void_a as_o extort_a by_o violence_n 2._o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o state_n by_o which_o the_o king_n be_v always_o a_o minor_a as_o for_o the_o alienation_n of_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n the_o second_o opposition_n to_o the_o treaty_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o viceroy_n of_o naples_n be_v that_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n protest_v before_o the_o king_n that_o he_o can_v not_o alienate_v they_o without_o their_o consent_n and_o refuse_v to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o emperor_n the_o three_o that_o he_o see_v a_o league_n make_v at_o cognac_n for_o the_o expelling_a of_o the_o emperor_n out_o of_o italy_n the_o emperor_n have_v make_v himself_o formidable_a to_o all_o prince_n to_o the_o italian_n especial_o and_o go_v about_o to_o divest_v francisco_n sforza_n from_o milan_n which_o he_o have_v confer_v upon_o he_o after_o the_o battle_n of_o pavia_n the_o pope_n clement_n the_o vii_o king_n francis_n the_o venetian_n the_o swisser_n the_o florentine_n make_v a_o league_n which_o be_v call_v the_o sacred_a league_n to_o deliver_v italy_n from_o oppression_n without_o name_v the_o emperor_n who_o also_o in_o a_o scorn_n be_v invite_v to_o make_v one_o in_o it_o upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v restore_v the_o two_o son_n of_o france_n suffer_v the_o duke_n sforza_n to_o live_v in_o peace_n and_o give_v over_o the_o siege_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o milan_n by_o that_o league_n the_o war_n be_v to_o be_v maintain_v with_o common_a charge_n and_o because_o the_o italian_a prince_n may_v be_v afraid_a of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o french_a in_o italy_n no_o less_o then_o of_o that_o of_o the_o emperor_n king_n francis_n be_v to_o renounce_v his_o right_n to_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n in_o favour_n of_o sforza_n for_o a_o pension_n which_o shall_v be_v arbitrate_v by_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o venetian_n not_o under_o fifty_o thousand_o ducat_n that_o the_o county_n of_o ast_n shall_v remain_v to_o the_o king_n with_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o genoa_n under_o the_o government_n of_o antonio_n d'_fw-fr adornat_fw-la with_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n if_o he_o will_v subscribe_v to_o that_o league_n the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n be_v to_o be_v put_v into_o the_o pope_n hand_n he_o pay_v for_o it_o sixty_o thousand_o ducat_n of_o yearly_a pension_n that_o league_n be_v publish_v and_o proclaim_v at_o cognac_n in_o presence_n of_o lanoy_n to_o who_o the_o king_n make_v excuse_n for_o the_o inexecution_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n show_v how_o he_o be_v disable_v and_o declare_v minor_a by_o the_o state_n 3._o lanoy_n be_v return_v into_o spain_n
be_v displease_v to_o the_o college_n of_o cardinal_n join_v with_o the_o emperor_n for_o the_o dispossess_v of_o octavio_n who_o put_v himself_o in_o henry_n the_o two_o his_o protection_n and_o that_o king_n powerful_o assist_v he_o both_o against_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o emperor_n and_o be_v at_o such_o odds_o with_o the_o pope_n as_o to_o prohibit_v the_o bring_n of_o any_o money_n out_o of_o france_n to_o rome_n at_o which_o the_o pope_n amaze_v desire_a peace_n of_o the_o king_n and_o desist_v to_o oppose_v octavio_n yea_o and_o cause_v the_o emperor_n to_o restore_v placentia_n to_o octavio_n since_o which_o time_n octavio_n and_o his_o successor_n have_v enjoy_v parma_n and_o placentia_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o king_n protect_v also_o the_o prince_n of_o mirandola_n who_o the_o pope_n will_v oppress_v before_o that_o time_n a_o 1545._o the_o emperor_n get_v a_o great_a victory_n over_o the_o protestant_a prince_n of_o germany_n their_o two_o chief_a man_n friderick_n elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o philip_n landgrave_n of_o hâ—sse_n be_v take_v prisoner_n whereby_o the_o protestant_a party_n be_v so_o humble_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1550._o they_o implore_v the_o help_n of_o henry_n the_o two_o of_o france_n who_o pass_v into_o germany_n to_o relieve_v they_o the_o constable_n of_o montmorency_n in_o his_o way_n seize_v upon_o the_o town_n of_o metz_n toul_n and_o verdus_n upon_o the_o right_n which_o we_o have_v set_v down_o in_o the_o three_o chapter_n that_o enterprise_n of_o henry_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o protestant_n make_v the_o emperor_n conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o they_o in_o haste_n so_o that_o the_o king_n be_v come_v to_o strasburg_n be_v desire_v by_o they_o to_o return_v because_o they_o be_v agree_v with_o the_o emperor_n return_v from_o germany_n he_o take_v many_o town_n in_o lutzenburg_n rochemar_n danvilliers_n ivoy_n bovillon_n and_o the_o emperor_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n 1551._o besiege_v metz_n so_o well_o 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ferdinand_n and_o all_o his_o other_o estate_n to_o his_o son_n philip_n the_o ii_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n between_o henry_n and_o philip_n be_v move_v near_o ardres_n and_o perfect_v near_o cambray_n a_o 1556._o for_o ten_o year_n and_o swear_v by_o the_o two_o king_n feb._n 6._o but_o present_o after_o the_o death_n of_o juliet_n the_o iii_o and_o the_o pontificat_fw-la of_o marcel_n the_o ii_o which_o last_v but_o two_o and_o twenty_o day_n the_o peace_n be_v break_v upon_o the_o election_n of_o paul_n the_o iv_o a_o neapolitan_a of_o the_o house_n of_o caraffa_n ally_v to_o that_o of_o melpha_n which_o have_v always_o be_v of_o the_o french_a faction_n and_o be_v odious_a to_o the_o spaniard_n who_o use_v all_o their_o power_n to_o hinder_v his_o election_n and_o when_o in_o spite_n of_o they_o he_o be_v elect_v they_o raise_v two_o powerful_a family_n of_o rome_n against_o he_o the_o columna_n and_o the_o vitelly_n who_o revolt_v against_o the_o pope_n be_v assist_v by_o philip._n the_o king_n send_v help_v to_o the_o pope_n so_o the_o truce_n be_v break_v many_o exploit_n of_o arm_n be_v do_v about_o rome_n but_o octob._n 14._o 1557_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o spaniard_n agree_v and_o henry_n call_v his_o army_n back_o but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n philip_n have_v marry_v queen_n mary_n of_o england_n make_v his_o wife_n declare_v war_n to_o henry_n by_o a_o herald_n of_o arm_n who_o speak_v to_o the_o king_n himself_o at_o reims_n whence_o follow_v many_o various_a effect_n of_o war_n in_o picardy_n and_o champagne_n till_o the_o memorable_a battle_n of_o saint_n guintin_n lose_v by_o the_o french_a an_z 1557._o where_o the_o constable_n be_v take_v but_o francis_n duke_n of_o guise_n new_o return_v from_o italy_n revive_v the_o sad_a condition_n of_o france_n by_o the_o take_n of_o calais_n guines_n the_o land_n of_o oye_n and_o the_o town_n of_o thionville_n the_o two_o army_n of_o these_o two_o prince_n be_v both_o in_o sight_n one_o of_o another_o in_o picardy_n near_o the_o river_n of_o somme_n the_o constable_n of_o france_n and_o the_o martial_a saint_n andrew_n both_o prisoner_n of_o the_o spaniard_n the_o pope_n nuntio_n and_o christina_n dowager_n of_o lorraine_n cosen-german_a to_o philip_n manage_v a_o peace_n which_o be_v conclude_v at_o chasteau_n in_o cambresis_n in_o february_n 1559._o by_o the_o first_o article_n of_o that_o treaty_n the_o french_a king_n be_v to_o execute_v religious_o all_o the_o treaty_n make_v between_o charles_n the_o v._o and_z francis_z the_o i._o whereby_o they_o understand_v the_o cession_n make_v of_o naples_n milan_n flanders_n and_o artois_n unless_o the_o present_a treaty_n do_v contradict_v it_o but_o that_o treaty_n mention_v only_o the_o restitution_n of_o the_o town_n take_v on_o both_o side_n and_o the_o rendition_n of_o the_o state_n of_o savoy_n and_o piedmont_n to_o philibert_n emanuel_n duke_n of_o savoy_n also_o by_o that_o treaty_n a_o marriage_n be_v agree_v on_o between_o philip_n then_o new_o a_o widower_n by_o the_o death_n of_o queen_n mary_n of_o england_n and_o elizabeth_n daughter_n to_o henry_n the_o ii_o which_o for_o that_o reason_n be_v call_v the_o queen_n of_o peace_n in_o the_o celebration_n of_o that_o marriage_n henry_n the_o two_o be_v slay_v paragraphe_n vii_o from_o the_o peace_n of_o chasteau_n in_o cambresis_n 1559._o to_o the_o death_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o alenson_n 1584._o there_o be_v no_o open_a war_n between_o the_o two_o crown_n all_o that_o time_n which_o comprehend_v the_o reign_n of_o francis_n the_o two_o charles_n the_o ix_o and_o great_a part_n of_o that_o of_o henry_n the_o iii_o but_o by_o the_o virtue_n of_o that_o queen_n of_o peace_n the_o union_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o trouble_n of_o religion_n be_v rise_v in_o france_n philip_n assist_v the_o french_a king_n with_o his_o arm_n under_o francis_n the_o ii_o in_o this_o reign_n of_o ninteen_o month_n the_o history_n observe_v two_o notable_a thing_n which_o be_v much_o for_o our_o purpose_n 1._o the_o state_n of_o france_n be_v in_o trouble_n at_o the_o entry_n of_o this_o reign_n by_o the_o great_a favour_n of_o the_o guise_n uncle_n to_o queen_n mary_n of_o scotland_n wife_n to_o francis_n the_o two_o and_o by_o the_o queen-mother_n catherine_n de_fw-fr medicis_n who_o take_v the_o regency_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o antony_n of_o bourbon_n king_n of_o navarra_n and_o first_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n of_o france_n after_o the_o king_n brother_n who_o be_v keep_v low_o and_o all_o the_o house_n of_o bourbon_n with_o he_o seem_v to_o threaten_v france_n of_o a_o civil_a war._n philip_n the_o two_o consider_v that_o state_n of_o france_n send_v to_o francis_n the_o two_o a_o letter_n which_o be_v read_v in_o the_o council_n whereby_o he_o say_v that_o he_o have_v hear_v how_o some_o great_a man_n of_o france_n be_v ill_o satisfy_v of_o the_o government_n establish_v by_o he_o his_o brother_n in_o law_n francis_n threaten_v his_o state_n of_o a_o civil_a war._n that_o he_o philip_n be_v ready_a to_o employ_v all_o his_o force_n and_o his_o life_n to_o make_v he_o obey_v as_o his_o good_a confederate_n and_o neighbour_n remember_v the_o good_a instruction_n and_o the_o holy_a education_n which_o his_o father_n charles_n the_o v._o have_v receive_v from_o lewis_n the_o xii_o his_o guardian_n 2._o the_o house_n of_o bourbon_n be_v degrade_v from_o the_o rank_n it_o ought_v to_o have_v have_v in_o the_o court_n antony_z king_n of_o navarra_n retire_v into_o bearn_n and_o when_o the_o cardinal_n of_o bourbon_n and_o the_o prince_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr roche_n sur_fw-fr yon_n conduct_v the_o queen_n of_o spain_n to_o her_o husband_n he_o bear_v they_o company_n now_o because_o by_o the_o treaty_n of_o marriage_n that_o princess_n be_v to_o be_v deliver_v to_o philip_n upon_o the_o
of_o chasteau_n in_o cambresis_n a_o 1559._o be_v confirm_v with_o the_o restitution_n of_o place_n on_o both_o side_n and_o the_o frontier_n between_o the_o two_o state_n settle_v as_o they_o have_v be_v keep_v till_o the_o rapture_n of_o the_o year_n 1635._o there_o upon_o the_o dispute_n for_o precedence_n of_o ambassador_n the_o legate_n devise_v this_o expedient_a he_o sit_v under_o a_o canopy_n at_o the_o board_n end_n set_v the_o pope_n nuntio_n at_o his_o right_a hand_n and_o after_o he_o the_o ambassador_n of_o spain_n john_n richardot_n precedent_n of_o the_o council_n of_o state_n in_o flanders_n john_n baptista_n taxis_fw-la a_o knight_n of_o the_o order_n of_o saint_n jago_n and_o lewis_n verriken_v first_o secretary_n of_o state_n in_o flanders_n at_o his_o left_a hand_n be_v the_o french_a ambassador_n mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr belliure_fw-fr and_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr sillery_n of_o who_o the_o first_o be_v over_o against_o the_o nuntio_n and_o so_o precede_v by_o one_o degree_n the_o first_o of_o the_o spaniard_n chap._n v._o the_o affair_n between_o the_o two_o crown_n from_o the_o treaty_n of_o veruins_n till_o now_o that_o space_n of_o time_n we_o will_v subdivide_v into_o three_o 1._o from_o the_o treaty_n of_o veruins_n to_o the_o death_n of_o henry_n the_o iu_o 2._o from_o that_o death_n to_o the_o rapture_n between_o the_o two_o state_n 3._o from_o that_o rapture_n till_o now_o paragraphe_n i._o from_o the_o treaty_n of_o veruins_n to_o the_o death_n of_o henry_n the_o iu_o after_o the_o treaty_n of_o veruins_n the_o two_o state_n keep_v reasonable_a good_a intelligence_n philip_n the_o ii_o die_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o treaty_n the_o first_o difference_n between_o henry_n and_o philip_n the_o iii_o king_n of_o spain_n be_v about_o the_o marquesat_n of_o saluce_n which_o henry_n redemanded_a of_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n who_o do_v nothing_o but_o by_o the_o order_n of_o the_o council_n of_o spain_n and_o the_o spaniard_n will_v not_o suffer_v the_o french_a to_o possess_v any_o thing_n in_o italy_n a_o exchange_n than_o be_v make_v of_o bresse_n for_o the_o marquesat_n herein_o philip_n do_v nothing_o against_o the_o alliance_n for_o the_o duke_n have_v break_v his_o word_n with_o henry_n philip_n refuse_v to_o assist_v he_o and_o to_o be_v a_o favourer_n of_o his_o perfidiousness_n although_o the_o count_n of_o fuentes_n raise_v great_a force_n to_o assist_v he_o in_o the_o year_n 1602._o be_v the_o conspiracy_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o byron_n it_o be_v believe_v that_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n have_v a_o share_n in_o his_o design_n but_o the_o deposition_n of_o the_o witness_n against_o he_o speak_v only_o of_o treaty_n and_o intelligence_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n and_o of_o the_o share_n of_o the_o state_n of_o france_n among_o the_o conspirator_n yet_o they_o say_v that_o byron_n shall_v have_v have_v the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n french_fw-mi county_n and_o bresse_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n fontanelles_n a_o gentleman_n of_o britain_n who_o be_v convict_v to_o have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o conspirator_n for_o which_o he_o be_v put_v to_o death_n be_v accuse_v to_o have_v treat_v with_o the_o spaniard_n to_o deliver_v the_o i_o will_v of_o tristan_n in_o britain_n into_o his_o hand_n but_o henry_n who_o have_v no_o mind_n to_o break_v with_o spaniard_n will_v take_v no_o notice_n of_o that_o treachery_n the_o spaniard_n pretence_n for_o these_o secret_a plot_n against_o france_n be_v that_o henry_n assist_v the_o rebel_n of_o holland_n with_o man_n and_o money_n which_o the_o spanish_a ambassador_n have_v complain_v of_o he_o answer_v that_o the_o money_n which_o he_o send_v to_o the_o hollander_n be_v to_o pay_v his_o debt_n for_o money_n lend_v to_o he_o during_o the_o civil_a war_n as_o for_o the_o french_a soldier_n that_o serve_v the_o hollander_n he_o can_v not_o hinder_v his_o subject_n to_o take_v party_n where_o they_o list_v and_o that_o some_o of_o they_o also_o serve_v the_o archiduke_n howsoever_o that_o assistance_n be_v so_o resent_v by_o the_o spaniard_n that_o they_o lose_v no_o occasion_n to_o stir_v disorder_n in_o france_n many_o thing_n happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1605._o and_o 1606._o which_o show_v the_o enmity_n of_o the_o spaniard_n against_o france_n as_o the_o treason_n of_o lost_a secretary_n to_o mr._n de_fw-fr villeroy_n who_o have_v intelligence_n with_o the_o minister_n of_o spain_n and_o let_v they_o know_v all_o the_o secret_n of_o the_o cabinet_n council_n he_o be_v discover_v by_o one_o rassis_n a_o frenchman_n that_o have_v take_v sanctuary_n in_o spain_n lose_v run_v away_o and_o in_o his_o flight_n be_v drown_v in_o the_o river_n of_o marne_n so_o no_o more_o can_v be_v know_v of_o that_o treason_n then_o the_o lady_n marquesse_n of_o vernuiel_n ill_o satisfy_v of_o king_n henry_n who_o she_o accuse_v to_o have_v break_v his_o promise_n to_o she_o treat_v with_o the_o spaniard_n and_o inveigle_v into_o her_o treason_n her_o father_n d'_fw-fr antrague_n and_o her_o brother_n the_o count_n of_o auvergne_n since_o duke_n of_o angoulesm_n their_o design_n be_v to_o retire_v to_o the_o spaniard_n and_o to_o make_v one_o day_n that_o lady_n son_n a_o stone_n of_o scandal_n unto_o france_n be_v discover_v all_o three_o be_v convict_v and_o condemn_v to_o death_n but_o the_o king_n give_v they_o their_o grace_n in_o the_o year_n 1605._o the_o relic_n of_o biron_n conspiracy_n appear_v in_o the_o province_n of_o perigort_n limousin_n and_o quercy_n all_o be_v do_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o bovillon_n whether_o the_o spaniard_n have_v a_o hand_n in_o it_o or_o no_o it_o be_v not_o know_v at_o the_o same_o time_n mairargues_n a_o gentleman_n of_o provence_n treat_v with_o the_o spaniard_n to_o yield_v marseille_n unto_o he_o he_o be_v discover_v and_o take_v confer_v with_o the_o secretary_n of_o the_o spanish_a ambassador_n and_o put_v to_o death_n this_o passage_n be_v near_o to_o have_v cause_v a_o breach_n between_o the_o two_o crown_n for_o the_o ambassador_n of_o spain_n expostulate_v with_o the_o french_a king_n because_o against_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n his_o secretary_n have_v be_v take_v and_o commit_v to_o prison_n the_o king_n justify_v the_o fact_n say_v that_o he_o be_v find_v monopolise_v against_o his_o state_n nevertheless_o all_o be_v sudden_o appease_v although_o at_o the_o same_o time_n another_o treason_n be_v discover_v a_o plot_n upon_o laucate_n by_o two_o brother_n luquiss_n who_o have_v be_v win_v by_o the_o governor_n of_o perpignan_n in_o the_o year_n 1608._o henry_n the_o iv_o mediate_v a_o truce_n between_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o the_o hollander_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o morisco_n of_o spain_n secret_o implore_v his_o aid_n against_o the_o oppression_n of_o the_o spaniard_n but_o he_o send_v they_o back_o say_v that_o he_o will_v not_o be_v the_o first_o that_o shall_v break_v peace_n but_o that_o if_o he_o be_v compel_v to_o make_v war_n he_o may_v make_v use_n of_o their_o proffer_n paragraphe_n ii_o from_o the_o death_n of_o henry_n the_o iv_o to_o the_o rapture_n between_o the_o two_o crown_n a_o 1635._o a_o year_n before_o the_o king_n death_n a_o 1609._o john_n william_n duke_n of_o cleves_n and_o juilliers_n be_v dead_a without_o issue_n leave_v his_o succession_n disputable_a between_o the_o emperor_n rodolphus_n who_o say_v it_o be_v devolve_v to_o the_o empire_n and_o the_o child_n of_o four_o sister_n of_o that_o duke_n marry_v in_o the_o house_n of_o brandenburg_n newburg_n deuxponts_n and_o burgan_n it_o be_v think_v that_o the_o great_a army_n which_o henry_n have_v prepare_v a_o little_a before_o his_o death_n be_v intend_v to_o assist_v these_o prince_n against_o the_o emperor_n it_o seem_v the_o queen_n regent_n know_v so_o much_o for_o when_o the_o archiduke_n leopold_n have_v seize_v upon_o juilliers_n after_o the_o king_n death_n she_o send_v martial_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr castre_n to_o assist_v these_o prince_n to_o who_o he_o cause_v juilliers_n to_o be_v surrender_v there_o the_o french_a have_v to_o do_v with_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n of_o the_o german_a branch_n in_o the_o year_n 1612._o the_o two_o crown_n be_v ally_v by_o the_o marriage_n of_o lewis_n the_o xiii_o with_o anne_n daughter_n to_o philip_n the_o iii_o and_o of_o philip_n prince_n of_o spain_n who_o be_v now_o philip_n the_o iv_o with_o elizabeth_n elder_a daughter_n of_o henry_n the_o iv_o and_o in_o the_o year_n 1615._o these_o marriage_n be_v accomplish_v at_o bourdeaux_n the_o world_n be_v full_a of_o hope_n that_o this_o double_a alliance_n will_v strengthen_v the_o peace_n between_o the_o two_o crown_n an._n 1616_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n and_o mantua_n be_v in_o war_n one_o against_o another_o about_o montferrat_n the_o king_n of_o france_n