learned but particularly of a subtil elocution and a Majestick kind of presence But the more these Princes by their own worth and the Queens favour were advanced the more must others necessarily be discontented that either had been or hoped to be the first in favour Principally the Bourbons and the Colligny not to name Momorancys that bore spleen to the Guises but with more civility Indeed Anthony of Bourbon besides his being the first Prince of the bloud took upon him in the right of his wife Ioan Alibret the title of King of Navarre He was a man equally tempered for the Arts of War and Peace but immoderate in his pleasures and therefore unfit to establish a Dominion Much more fierce and cunning was his brother Lewis Prince of Condè constantly engaged and exercised in the War yet with much more courage and confidence then either strength or knowledge Gaspar Colligny and his brother Andelot were of like nature but because he was Admiral of the French seas and this Lieutenant Genera◠of the Foot they were likewise in high esteem These which I have named with others of inferiour quality though there was no tie of friendship among them yet because they were all concerned in one common Interest easily conspired together And the Engine wherewith they meant to ruine the power of the Guises was by protecting the Hereticall Party who they knew hated the very name of Guise Especially some of them having now forsaken the old Religion desired to appear not onely Patrons of the Sectaries but likewise of the Sect. Among which none more boldly professed and maintained Heresie then Ioan Alibret wife to Bourbon and onely daughter to Margaret of Vallois and Henry King of Navarre This Lady because she saw her self deprived of her Kingdome of which Ferdinand the Catholick King had by arms dispossessed Iohn her grandfather excommunicated by the Bishop of Rome was transported with so implacable an hatred unto Rome and Spain and consequently to the Romane Religion which she knew the Spanish so much tendered that she spared no pains nor cost to bear down the Popes Authority and the Catholick Faith in France Heresie therefore supported by these eminent persons spread it self so far over the whole Kingdome that Henry King of France whose Armies were kept in action by the Spaniards in the Low-countreys concluding a Peace with King Philip withdrew his forces and cares to compose discords at home which threatned to break out into a Civil War But the death of King Henry hastened on the mischief For as I said his son Francis and the Queen and Queen-Mother the more they used the faithfull endeavours of the Guises against Hereticks the more they exasperated their enemies and put them on to use the proffered service of the Hereticks to suppresse their power Which moved the Queen-mother when her daughter Isabella was to go for Spain to desire assistance from her Son in Law King Philip against the Hereticks and troublers of the Kingdome To which request she received a very gracious answer with a magnificent promise of men and money Letters from the King to that effect being purposely read before some of the French Lords to strike them into a fear did rather encrease their envie to the Queen-Mother and unite them against Spain And now against the Guises and against the King himself were scattered Libels as fore-runners of the tumults which immediately followed And the Lady Alibret earnestly solicited the Cause who remembring her old quarrel and impatiently longing for a Crown rung in her husbands ears That he must not suffer this onely opportunity of recovering the Kingdome of Navarre to slip out of his hands That he may now make himself head of a mighty faction almost half the strength of France That upon these terms he may exspect assistance from the Germane Princes of the same Religion from the English the Low-countrey men besides such Catholicks as were enemies to the Guises and by a strong conjuncture of all these they may expell the Guises out of France advance the Hereticall party and no doubt but at length they may carry that army to the conquest of Navarre But this furious Tullia was married to a milder Tarquin so as the Duke of Bourbon being cold for all this fiery curtain-Lecture his brother the Prince of Condè a Tarquin that well-matched the Lady Alibret is said to have undertaken the Advance of the Conspiracie and that he engendred the tempest at Ambois which for that time was dispersed by the providence of the Duke of Guise But new clouds of discontentments gathering at last the storm fell more fatally in showers of bloud and civil war They say in that tumult the name of Hugonot was first brought up at Tours upon this occasion It is a custome at Tours to fright children by telling them of Hugh who they say rides about the Suburbs in the night pushing at all he meets And when the Hereticks that flocked to Tours had their nightly Conventicles in the Suburbs because they durst not come together in the day time they were accidentally pointed out to the children like midnight-goblins and from Hugh by way of jeer were called Hugonots Though some derive them from another kind of original But whencesoever they had that denomination it appears they thought it a scorn to them and therefore they called the Catholicks Papists But these are onely names I proceed to the matter as it is recorded by them that wrote the History of those times The first designe of the French tumults was laid at Geneva by Calvin and Beza holding in that town a shamefull and barbarous consultation upon a day appointed suddenly to massacre King Francis the Queen the Queen-mother the Kings brothers and all the Lords of the Court The King therefore to curb this insolence of the Hereticks maintained by some of the Nobility for their private ends and feuds raised an army in France called his forces out of Germany requested succours from the Duke of Lorain and the King of Spain And indeed King Philip presently sent him souldiers out of Spain which were to joyn with the French Army at Limosin intending to furnish him with more men but hearing of the death of King Francis he put off his other supplyes till the next year to which time the warre it self was deferred The death of King Francis was attended with a great alteration in the state For the Bourbons one of which was condemned to loose his head and hourly exspected the executioner and the other banished the Court and generally thought to be oppressed in his brothers ruine were presently made the disposers of the Kingdome the administration thereof being come into the hands of the Queen-mother of the house of Medices who was to govern for King Charles a child of ten years old The Prince of Condè was restored by Proclamation to his
Spanish triumph for immediately he took Calice which Port the Kings of England used to call The Portall of France and so long as they enjoyed it they said They wore the keyes of France at their girdle being all the remainder of their two hundred years conquest that was kept by the Englishmen upon the continent of France which Kingdome in a few dayes they were forced to restore to its ancient bounds retiring to their own within the Sea But shortly after the Die of War ran on the Spanish side For King Philip perceiving the French Army to be divided proud of their number and success having in hope devoured all the Low-Countreys he himself divided his own forces part he sent against Paulus Termus burning and spoyling the Sea-coast of Flanders under the Command of Lamorall Count Egmont the gallantest of all the Low-countrey-men who was Generall of his Horse at the battel of S. Quintin and a great cause of the victory The other part of his Army he sent into Savoy to attend the motion of the Duke of Guise Count Egmont fighting a battel before Graveling a port of Flanders with great valour and fortune won the day For whilest the old souldiers of both Armies fought doubtfully for sometime on a sudden the French gave ground and lost the battel for ten English ships as they sailed by seeing the fight struck into the mouth of the river of Hay and with their Cannon so galled the French on that side where they held themselves to be impregnable coming upon them with such an unexspected and therefore a more dreadfull storm from sea that the Foot being disordered their fear was infused into the Horse so as their Army being routed there scarce remained one of the whole number to carry home news of the overthrow For part were sâ—ain in the fight the Duke and his great Officers taken prisoners the rest were either knocked down as they swam by the English besides two hundred taken alive and presented to the Queen for witnesses of their service at the battel or by the Boors in revenge of the plundering and firing of their houses killed without mercy To their misfortune was added that the reliques of the Army scattered in places they knew not about Flanders had their brains beaten out by the women that came upon them with clubs and spits and which is a more dangerous weapon armed with the furie of their sex some almost railing them to death others pricking their bodkins into them with exquisite barbarity pulled them to pieces with their nayls as the Bacchanals tore Orpheus Thus Henry of France loosing two battels in one year seeing his old souldiers slain and which is of fadder consequence the noblest of his subjects taken prisoners which are the strength of the French Militia He willingly embraced that peace which so long as fortune smiled upon him he had sleighted And King Philip moved by the accession of Calice to the Kingdome of France and his experience of the War had the like inclination to Peace Just as we see after the clouds have fought and are broken the Sun breaks forth nor ever shines a greater hope of Peace then when a War is seriously prosecuted fury being as it were glutted and weary with the slaughter The honour of this Peace was attributed to Christiern Dutchess of Lorain mediating between the two Kings as cosen-germane to King Philip and by late affinity gracious with King Henry Nor is it unusuall to employ that Sex in such transactions for it is held a point of Civility to yield to their solicitation The news of this Peace which after long dispute opened it self with the Spring in the city of Cambray was received with so great a joy of the Christian world weary of the tedious War that higher expression of contented minds are scarce recorded in the memory of man They that compared this peace with that concluded between the fathers of these Kings above thirty years before mediated likewise by Princesses and concluded where this was in the Town of Cambray a place destinated as it seems for peacemaking shall find then no common joy because divers Princes were not parties to the League and the warr in Italy still continued Whereas all the Princes of Europe being equally comprehended in this Peace an equall joy spread it self through all nations filling every mind with great hope of long friendship between the Kings which afterward fell out accordingly A Marriage was likewise made the better to confirm the Peace which notwithstanding continues among Princes no longer then ambition suffers it to which for the most part Kings are more truly married King Philip Mary Queen of England being dead the year before was offered a wife that had been promised to his son Charles Prince of Spain Isabella King Henries daughter eleven years of age who because she was born when the peace was begun with England and married to make a peace with Spain they called the Princess Peace In like manner Emman Philibert married King Henries sister Margaret and had in portion with her all those towns beyond and on this side the Alps which France the first and Henry himself had taken from him But never did France celebrate so joyfull a Wedding with so sad a close Among other preparations there a Tournament that is fearfull pleasure and an honourable danger wherein one cannot think them to be in jest that fight nor to fight when they see all intended but for sport It is an exercise the French exceedingly affect and they account it noble as being a bold and warlike nation The Lists now set up and scaffolded like a stage were filled with the best Tilters in Christendome for France challenged Europe at the breaking of a spear The two first dayes the King himself ran and had the Victory but when he came the third time in all his glory into the Lists against the advice of the Lords encountring the Captain of his Guard before his Bever was down a splinter of his Launce flying in his face struck out his right eye and shooting into his brain the Queen and Queen-mother with the Kings children beholding those unfortunate Revells he presently fell in a swound and being caught in mens arms the whole stage running bloud which but now rung with joyfull acclamations and applauses suddenly turned into mournings and lamentations The fifth day after this Prince no less valiant then religious and every way worthy a better fate departed his life And before the eyes of an infinite multitude which it seems he had proudly invited to his own funerals he acted to the life without scene or fable the Tragedy of mortall happiness They say one that cast his nativity as these kind of Predictions are commonly produced after the event foretold this very accident For Queen Katharine of Medices desirous to know the fate of her children of
to Religion and by consequence to Peace Provided notwithstanding that the law should not be executed till their triall and verdict were passed in the Ecclesiasticall Court to which the proper cognizance of heresie belongs Which though it was ever exercised in all orthodox Countreys and in some places according to sudden motions of new perverse opinions with greater diligence yet no where with more exactness and strictness then in Spain either out of the especiall inclination of those Catholick Princes or by reason of contagious forreiners that mingled themselves among those their subjects But this care of Religion was afterwards encreased almost through all Christendome by reason of the troubles raised by one man in many parts I mean Martin Luther the calamity of those and the following times This mischief that he had long studied to bring upon true believers he had oft begun to attempt and then changing his mind as if not resolved or rather waiting for an opportunity at last Maximilian the Emperour deceasing and Charles his Nephew succeeding in the Empire his wickedness broke forth well knowing that the beginning of a Princes reign is the best time for Innovation and likewise believing the Emperours young years to be ignorant of government and therefore despicable Howsoever he made sure account his Imperiall Majestie would rather bend his endeavours to settle the affairs of his Empire then to maintain the rites of the Church so courting the Provinces first to revolt from the Church and then which is the next step from their Princes and from the Emperour himself he thus broke in peices at once the Romane Empire and Religion Which gave occasion to the Bishop of Rome to be much more observant and intent to questions of faith and to Christian Princes as every one tendered his Religion and Dominions to be more vigilant therein Indeed Châ—â—les the fifth whom Religion in her afflictions looked upon as her onely refuge by the example of the Emperours his Predecessours thought it expedient to establish laws through all the Provinces of the Empire and Low-Countreys against the corrupters of the Catholick faith Therefore whilest he was conducted from Spain through the Netherlands and Germany to the Imperiall throne with extraordinary joy and gratulations of men and with all that noise of his then smiling fortune in the town of Worms at the Diet or Parliament of the Empire Martin Luther condemned by the Bishop of Rome was by vote of the Electors and the rest of the Princes and Estates of the Empire condemned and proscribed and the edict of his proscription the same year one thousand five hundred twenty one was published through all the dominions of his Empire and Patrimony Nevertheless Luther still persisted in his evil nay as wickedness prospers by sudden attempts within a few moneths that contagion infected at least breathed upon the most flourishing Cities of Germany The Emperour in some places punishing delinquents and renuing and enlarging his edict which he applyed seven times to that violent and volatile disease Moreover when he had desired and received Censors of faith from the Pope in reference to their authority and security he passed many Decrees which are inrolled in the Imperiall laws of the year one thousand five hundred and fifty But this new fate of Justice brought with it into the Low-Countreys more terrour then observance for though it were in some places received yet the Brabanters because they said their liberty was infringed taking the opportunity freed themselves of the burthen laid upon them about the end of the year fifty at which time partly the great meeting of Ausburg and the Councel of Trem partly war upon war rising in Africa Hungary Italy Germany and France drew Cesars cares another way And although King Philip when he took possession of the Low-Countreys instantly confirmed his Fathers laws and edicts by his own proclamation it little advanced the business he being forthwith engaged in a sharp warre with France which began the year he set forth that Proclamation and held three years after till in the year fifty nine as soon as ever he got a breathing from the war he re-applied himself to settle Religion And leaving the Netherlands he commanded his sister the Governess and Bishop Granvell to take speciall care that his Fathers laws and the cautions which he himself had confirmed in behalf of the Popes Inquisitors should be punctually observed This was the state of affairs these were the Edicts of Charles the fifth these the beginnings and proceedings of the Inquisitions against heresies When the Dutchess of Parma as she was enjoyned bending all her care that way treated about it with Governours of the Pronvinces but found by experience it was of much more difficulty to do things commanded then to command things fitting to be done The Magistrates seemed unwilling to take the business upon themselves some of the Nobility offered their services doubtfully others absolutely told her it was no good time to move that stone again at which they had so often stumbled The Brabanters that had slipt the bridle under Charles the fifth and would not suffer King Philip when he was there to put it on again should they now halter themselves called by a womans voice The people know no mean or moderate course at first they are in amazement then all confidence Sometimes they fear sometimes they terrifie according as they are inflamed with the breath of great persons and the bellows of hereticks Nay the common discourse concerning the King hinted to the people and uttered as their own was this Why he made so many new Bishops if they were not to protect Religion But indeed it was resolved by Councels that such Pastors as went slowly to work in purging the ill fruits of heresie should be put out of their Episcopall office Bishops should therefore look to their own business or else lay down their ill placed miters which it were better they had never put on nor vainly frighted the Low-countrey with their number That Religion had flourished many ages in the Netherlands onely by the care of the Civil Magistrate without that pomp of the Popes tyranny without any of the Emperours Edicts Why that new addition of Inquisitors That for the most part it sprung from the ambition of Bishop Granvell who that he might have suppliants sought to make delinquents That Religion ought to be perswaded not commanded That Charles the fifth had a most pions intention in making those Laws but experience demonstrated the cause of Religion and the common good and state of the Provinces was thereby nothing advanced but daily grew to be in a worse condition That commerce was already obstructed Merchants had a stop of trading to the great losse of the Low-countreymen especially those of Antwerp whose wealth consisted in merchandize Lastly that neither the Emperour Charles nor King Philip nor any other Prince that
knowing how advantagious it would be to the State of the Low-countreys if things appertaining to Religion should be transacted by him in whom among other ornaments his scarlet would advance his Authority Yet notwithstanding these letters from the Dutchess Granvel assented not till he had answer out of Spain then he presently put on his Robes and so expressing his duty to the King without distast to the Governess he received honour from the one and favour from the other Besides his Pall the Popes Chamberlain brought him from Rome a Cardinalls hat which is seldome sent to any it being the custome to receive it onely in Rome Which benefit Granvel ascribed to the Dutchess with exquisite thanks not so much extolling the greatness of the bounty as the giver And he said he had cause to reverence it as the greatest of all honours because therein he adored the goodness of his Prince But in his private discourse he plainly told the Dutchess That considering the Changes of mans life he had accepted of that Dignity Especially for that if at any time he should leave the Low-countreys as he saw a storm over his head threatening him from the Lords he might have a place at Rome among the Cardinals to which he might make an honourable retreat A designe at this day hit upon by many who knowing That Power seldome grows old at Court and that Favour will as surely perish as Life are willing to be advanced into this Order not as ambitious but as provident persons that in their greatest misfortunes the Altar and the Church may be their Refuge In the year following 1562 the Civil War of France reviving the Kings commands came to the Governess enjoyning her with all possible care and speed to send assistance to King Charles against his Rebels An Account of the Management and Original of these troubles will not I suppose trespass upon your patience if I repeat briefly from the beginning not onely what before this time was agitated touching these succours but the whole Progress of those French tumults forasmuch as partly upon private discord at Court partly for that in publick which concerned Religion it was the Model of the Plot laid by the Low-countrey men with so like success of both Nations that sometimes unless you be rectified by the names of Places and Persons you would not think you read the actions of two Kingdoms but of one and the same People Moreover some part of the French Rebellion was carried by advice sent out of the Low-countreys whereof Cardinall Granvel gave intelligence to his brother Thomas Lord Cantonet Embassadour for the Catholick King in France This being therefore a business of no small importance and because I would not interrupt my Narration of the Low-countrey war with inserting that of France I shall here as the matter and place requires with no vain not tedious Digression comprehend the whole Heresie having long since poysoned France had distracted it into factions and many men contemning the old had taken up the name of the new Religion For although after Luthers pestilence reigned in Germany France had a great while kept it self free from the infection yet in the year 1533 it was attempted by some of Luthers Emissaries For Francis the first favouring learned men and learning as commonly they do whose actions are worthy of a learned pen resolved to erect an University at Paris sending proposals of great entertainment to the ablest scholars of Italy and Germany This opportunity Luther took hold of and sent Buâ—er and others of the boldest of his followers which by disputing in that confluence of prudent men might give an Essay to bring in the new Gospel Nor wanted there some that were taken with the Novelty Especially because such as were questioned for Religion had their recourse into Aquitain to Margaret of Valois the Kings sister who perhaps out of hatred to the Bishop of Rome which had been infused into her in the family of her husband Alibret whom his Holiness depreived of the Kingdome of Navarre might lie open to the cunning of the Lutherans perhaps out of ambition to be thought a Wit which she affected beyond the limits of her sex or indeed as she herself confessed some years before her death at which time she was a Catholick it was not out of the perversness of her nature but out of commiseration to the condemned persons that fled to her protection which made her so earnest with her Brother in the defence of their new opinions So that for ten years together she bolstered up Lutheranisme in France Though Francis the first was the more slow in eradicating it by reason of the Germanes and the Swisse that served him against Charles the fifth till being grievously offended with the contumacy of the men and their malice to Religion he published many Proclamations against them not onely threatning but executing his Laws untill at last he almost extinguished the name of Luther in his Kingdome But Calvins stratagem succeeded somewhat better Who immediately upon the death of Francis the first whilst King Henry was engaged in the Warrs attempted France by sending Libels from Geneva And as he found the minds and ears of many possessed with Luthers opinions so he himself set the common people agogge to understand his new doctrine and the vulgar was very proud for his Books were writ to their capacity in the French Tongue to be made Judges of Religion and as it were to passe their votes upon the abstrusest controversies of Faith Lastly as they that fall from the highest point are easily tossed from one breach of the precipice to another till they come to the very bottome having once departed from the old Religion they fell headlong from Luther to Calvin many of them not resting till having disclaimed all worship and not believing there was any God at all they finally stuck fast in the bottomless Abyss of evil And notwithstanding that Heresie first corrupted the minds of the People they being still the first that are swept away with a Plague yet in a short space it made way through the Commons seized upon some of the greatest Lords and came into the Court it self where it infected many persons of quality as that which was likely to be serviceable to the factious Nobility for winning the peoples hearts and drawing them to make head against their Competitours that grew still more powerfull with the King For Mary stuart Queen of Scots of the House of Guise by her Mother being married to Francis the second much advanced the greatness of the Guises For the King but fifteen years old had use of others service and these were fit to be employed Especially Francis Duke of Guise and his brother Charles Cardinal of Lorain he being an experienced fortunate Commander abroad and a prudent man at home this eminent for a generall Scholar deeply
libertie his offices and the Kings favour And the King of Navarre as nearer to the Crown by the prerogative of his bloud was declared Constable of France the Guises on the contrary falling as much from their authority The Hugonots increased in number and licentiousness and were by so much the more audacious by how much they conceived it would be more acceptable to the great Constable of France who by these troubles hoped to recover his wife's portion the Kingdome of Navar. But to case him of that care and the Hugonots of their confidence Advices were privately sent out of the Low-countreys by Cardinall Granvell to his brother Cantonet Prospero de sancta Cruce came Embassadour to France from Pope Pius the fourth and looking into the King of Navarres designs he was of opinion the man was not troubled so much about Religion as about the getting of a Kingdome and therefore might be drawn from favouring the Hugonots if he might have some hope given him of coming to the Kingdome by another means Wherein Sancta Cruz meant to sound the King of Navarre But first he acquainted Thomas Cantonet the Spanish Embassadour and he communicated it to his brother Cardinall Granvell Then Sancta Cruz proposes to the Constable what had formerly been agitated the restitution of Navarre and undertakes if he will but defend the Catholick cause that the Pope shall earnestly solicit King Philip either to resign to him the Kingdome of Navarre or to give him in lieu of it something of equall value and that he doubted not but King Philip whose inclination he had found at his being in Portugall as he came from Spain into France would comply with his Holinesse This often confirmed by Cantonet wonne the King of Navarre who resolved to treat with the Catholick King himself and sent one of his meniall servants Anthony Almeyda a Portugese whom he knew to be gratious with his Countreyman Rui Gomez Prince of Ebora then in greatest favour with the King But Granvell receiving intelligence of these proceedings from his brother Cantonet was very glad for the successe of his design but yet no lesse solicitous as he wrote to the Governess from Machlin what the King would answer to Almeyda because he conceived upon that answer depended the motions of the greatest French affairs He had pre-acquainted Rui Gomez and the Duke of Alva and let them know That it was a nice point and fall of danger in the managery whereof they might trespasse as much by forwardnesse and violence as by security and neglect And therefore he conceived it best to offer the Duke of Bourbon some such thing as if he deserted them might be taken away again After many overtures the Kingdome of Sardinia was proposed to him in King Philips name Whereto was added the Admiralty and a pension to maintain the office Which conditions though some commended as good for both parties because on the one side Sardinia is a greater and richer Kingdome then Navarre and on the other in the midst of King Philips Dominions which at his pleasure might command it Yet some were of another opinion and thought King Philip who was not prodigall of his Kingdomes onely baited him with the hope of Sardinia For to what purpose should the Bourbons be brought into that Island neighbouring upon Sicily and Naples where they might revive their ancient factions in those Kingdomes Neverthelesse the Pope did wisely in moving it whether he hoped to bring it about or understood it to be labour in vain because it would equally conduce to the good of Religion in France whether the King of Navarre was kept from protecting the hereticall party by a true hope or a false And truly by little and little he was so averted from them that he was not altogether so kind as formerly he had been to his wife Ioan Alibret which perhaps made some affirm in writing that the Spanish Embassadour indeavoured it and treated with the King of Navarre to divorce himself from his wife because she was fouly poysoned with heresie and gave him hope of a marriage with Mary Queen of Scots by the help of her Uncles the Guises and that he should have with her the Kingdome of Scotland and likewise all Great Brittain wherein he should be established by the Popes authority and the King of Spains assistance Queen Elisabeth being deposed for heresie But these were either vain rumours or contrived out of envy Nor is there any colour of truth that Granvel or Sancta Cruce could be ignorant that heresie is not a sufficient cause of Divorce or that King Philip would offer the Kingdome of Scotland to one he could not choose but fear because of former enmity in the businesse of the Low-countreys and his power to offend Spain for the future in case he should conquer that whole Island Indeed two years after when there were Treaties between the same Queen of Scots and the Arch-duke Charles sonne to the Emperour Ferdinand and Charles Prince of Spain King Philip writ to Granvel That he was well pleased The Archduke should in that be preferred before his sonne But if the King of France should think of a marriage with her whereof he had some intimation that troubled him not a little then he should willingly consent to a match betwixt his sonne and the Queen Out of which words it may easily be collected What Philips mind was touching the Kingdome of Scotland Nay that the Spanish Embassadour did not so much as pretend the Proposall of that Match to the King of Navarre this assure me because when he communicated all particulars to his brother Granvel as I observe in their letters and often mentioned the business of Sardinia there is not one word of this marriage But be what it may it is certain Alibret incensed against her husband who dayly grew more averse from the Hugonots and wold not hear her when she was a suiter for them in a rage left his Court and withdrew into some Towns of her own The King of Navarre did not so much neglect as his brother the Prince of Conde and the Collignies earnestly imbraced the patronage of the hereticks especially because the Guises were restored to grace and favour at Court. And now such was the face of things not onely at Court And now such was the face of things not onely at Court divided into factions but likewise all the Kingdome over that arms were taken up to maintain the different opinions in Religion and all things seemed to boad a Civill warre To the Prince of Conde and Generall Collignie the hereticks from all parts sent assistance Nor were the Guises and Comestabilis Memorancy lesse ayded by the Catholicks With whom the King of Navarre joyned himself but he was brother to the Prince of Conde the King a child and ignorant of deceit Mean time the Queen mother was
natures had then demonstrated how they should be used when omitting all milder remedies he chastised his rebellious Country-men with Armes â—nd so reduced them But now it was not one City but all the Provinces had conspired against God and the King Nor because the Rebells sit still for the present are their hearts therefore brought downe but will resume their Armes when they are not awed by the Terrour of Revenge For the most venemous Serpents may be safely handled in Winter not that they have lesse Poyson but because they are more unactive it being now known by experience that for the same man to be an Heretick and a good Subject is incompossible Thus his riged disposition argued particularly discoursing how an Army might be raised and conducted and disputed all the policies advantageous for that Expedition which he being an old Generall and the rest of the Lords no Souldiers was of all the councell only able to argue And his Judgement was confirmed by Cardinall Spinosa who made a grave Speech complaining how the Holy Court of Inquisition was violated in the Low-countryes The rest were of the same Opinion all but the Duke of Feria who being nearer in Bloud then Affection to the Duke of Alva and of a milder nature differed from him altogether not denying but the Low-countryes needed some kind of Remedy wherein he dissented from the Prince of Ebora with whom in the rest hee concurred but that Remedy should rather be applyed by dexterity of Counsell that by force of Armes which would be more honourable to the Prince as if he made it not a businesse to settle his Dominions not making himselfe a party whilst fought with his subjects allowing them for his Equalls and more safe in relation to his Neighbours and Enemyes that would no doubt make use of the Low-country-Insurrections to moulder away the Spanish Power by their owne Victories Nor did that Allegation of the Emperours taking of Gant Ferdinand of Toledo Duke of Alva Governour of the Low-countreys Ro Vaughan sculp sufficiently conclude the Stubbornnesse of one City might be easily broken when the rest of the Low-countreys were obedient now almost the whole began to waver and in the same common cause and danger were ready to associate in their defence Many circumstances made for that warre which disswade from this Then the Germans were the Emperour's Subjects the English his confederates and the French his Inviters Now all those being obliged by no Right of Empire or tye of Alliance many of them differing in Religion all concurring in envy as they will quicken our troubles so they will retard our Assistance Therefore for the present omitting the thoughts of Punishment and Warre let some be sent into the Low-countryes that may narrowly observe and bring us a true Account of the present condition of the Provinces and let us in the interim give the Subjects Rest and time to come to themselves and take heed we doe not unseasonably teach them to use those Armes against his Majesty which they have imployed so often in his Service These considerations nearly resembling those offered by Prince Roderigo I suppose the Duke of Feria purposely kept back till the Duke of Alva had spoken that bringing them in as a new opinion he might side with Roderic Gomez whom he much affected But the King though he plainly favoured the Duke of Alva's Resolution yet being many did oppose it deferred or seemed to deferre the declaring of himselfe so long till every ones benefit should reconcile their diverse and clashing Opinions Thus bodyes are dayly formed when after long contention of the Elements some parts being remitted others consumed the whole is made adequate For Roderick Gomez laboured to keep the King in Spaine but though he disliked his going into the Low-countreys with an Army as dangerous howsoever unnecessary yet he found this advantage in it that if the Duke of Alva should be Generall which he easily supposed it would remove his Rivall from Court and ingage him in no slight Difficulties But Alva though in the first place he indeavoured to draw the King from Spaine making sure account he should wholly governe him in the Army yet he was well enough pleased to be trusted by the King though absent with the whole Warre and to leave Roderick Gomez behind in whatsoever degree of place or Favour For as it troubled him to see the King value his Merits lesse then the others person so was he ambitious of some Imployment where Warre and the Field might put a difference between those whom Peace and the Court had equalled Their Opinions therefore meeting in this point the King without further delay declared That he had long thought of a Expedition into the Low-countryes and whatsoever was alledged to the contrary altered not his Resolution but yet hee would not goe till some one sent before him should enter the Provinces with an Army not to affright the Obedience or Peace of his Subiects with those Armes but to use them as a Guard and Ornament to the Prince Shortly after calling for the Duke of Alva he gaue him the Command in Chiefe for that Expedition the rest of the pretenders willingly yielding to him an old Generall famous for many Victories When he had received his Commission the King immediately wrote to the Viceroyes of Sicily Naples and Sardinia to draw out three Regiments from their Spanish Garrisons to be sent to Millaine in the Gallyes of Garcia de Toledo To the Governour of Millaine his Majesty wrote to ioâ—ne unto them a Regiment out of that Province whither the Duke of Alva would shortly come with his new Spanish Levies that should supply the Garrisons from whence the old Souldiers were selected Likewise to the Duke of Savoy the King had formerly sent Iohn Acugnia and now dispatched Francis Ibarra that as the other desired a passage so this might procure Victuall for the Army Moreover Count Iohn Anguisciola went Embassadour to the Swisse and Anthonio Mendoza to the Duke of Loraine acquainting them with his Majestie 's Intentions and desiring Leaue for the Royall Army to passe without Molestation through their Territoryes For the King had changed his Resolution of sending them by Lyons Charles the ninth of France excusing himselfe pretending the Civill Warres and consequently the unsafenesse of the Passage Indeed the Report of the Spanish Army terrified many Countryes particularly Geneva who were made believe that Pope Pius had agreed with the Duke of Alva in his March to turne his Forces as he might easily doe upon the Geneveses and they were assured the Duke of Savoy would not lose so good an Opportunity That which I imagine bred the Suspicion was the suddain Embassage of Bernardino Mendoza sent to the Pope from the Duke of Alva whilst he stayed in Millaine Wherefore Geneva not only requested Aide to the common Cause from Bearne whose turne would be the next
held by the Prince of Orange and they ioyed in his Safety as if thereby the Lowcountreys were not left altogether Destitute Nay Cardinall Granvell at Rome hearing of the doings in Bruxells asked the Messenger whether the Duke had taken Silence so he called the Prince of Orange when he answered no he was not taken Granvell they say replyed If that one fish hath scaped the net the Duke of Alva's Draught is nothing worth But because all this was done without acquainting the Governesse before it could be divulged the Duke sent the Counts Mansfeldt and Barlamont whom he knew she Favoured and were yet in his House to tell her Excellence what was past and to excuse his secresie for he had concealed it by the Kings command to the end that no part of the Odium might reflect upon her who was concerned to preserve the love of the people under her Governement But this gave no satisfaction to the Governesse and though whilst they were present shee smothered her indignation yet deepely resenting it shee began to doubt that many such actions might happen for the future and the power being transferred to Alva she her selfe should only retaine the title and formality of Governesse that the Governement might appeare to be in one of the House of Austria Therefore upon receipt of new Letters signifying the King had put off his voyage for Sixe moneths longer that is till the beginning of the Spring her hope then failing and being daily tormented with sore fits of the Colick she sent her servant Machiavell to the King and disputing the imprisonment of Egmont and Horne briefely without complaint lest she might seeme distasted at it she beseeched his Majesty in regard of her Infirmities which made her unfit for cares of State to license her departure from the Lowcountries rather then stay her there with such limited and almost no Authority Whether it were advantageous to the King or handsome for her whom the King vouchsafed to call Sister to be subordinate to another She humbly submitted to his Majesties Consideration For her part she resolved so long as she lived to be wholy Governed by his Majesties Pleasure as became his most humble Servant This notwithstanding the Governesse omitted nothing which appertained to Civill Affaires For by resolution of Senate which she summoned the Duke of Alva being present she endeavoured to stoppe the Lowcountry-mens Flight which daily and still in greater numbers slipt away and tenne of the richest Merchants of Tournay intending to go into England by her Command weere clapt up prisoners and their Goods in the Port of Vlushing imbargoed and confiscated A while after the French Embassadouâ— as she lay upon her bed coming to kisse her Hands and making a grievous Complaint that Multitudes of Lowcountrymen flocked to the Prince of Conde and others that intended a Warre against the King she published an Edict against all Lowcountrymen that should assist the French Rebells The Embassadour not thus contented by Command from King Charles who was now almost ruined by his rebellious Subiects moved the Governesse for some present Forces out of the Lowcountreys And indeed it was but a reasonable Request for though the Causes of this Warre which the French Historians call the second Civill Warre of France were not all different from those of the first yet the Prince of Conde and Colligny the heads of the Faction grounded their pretence upon the Passage of the Duke of Alva's Army who faining to march another way intended the Invasion of France to destroy those of the reformed Religion For in the Conference at Baion they said it was so articled betweene Charles the French King his Mother Katherine of Medices and his Sister Isabella Queene of Spaine where the Duke of Alva was in person In pursuance of which Agreement the Governesse formerly had persecuted and quelled the Hereticall Party in the Low-countryes and now Alva himselfe was come with a strong Spanish Army that at the same time King Charles might ruine the Hugonots in France and the Spaniard their Brethren in the Low-countreys Wherefore the French Hugonots raising great Forces as if they would revenge wrongs received or at least stand upon their guard for the future first they seized diverse Townes and Cityes then laid a Plot to take the King himselfe lying at Meaux who very hardly escaping in the night and received into Paris there they straitly besieged him and cut off all Supplyes by Armes or Victuall endeavouring to bring their Prince into their Power At last drawing out their Army they gave him battaile at the Towne of Saint Denis and though they left the Field and fled and the Catholiques by consequence had the victory yet it was a bloudy one the King's Generall Annas Momorancy being slaine Notwithstanding they made greater Levyes for Heresie dayly increased and receiving strong Recruits from Germany reviv'd the Warre Which moved the King of France besides the men raised through his whole Kingdome to desire ayde for the defence of Religion out of Italy Germany and as I said out of the Low-countreys But the Governesse not willing to grant Assistance without knowing the King's pleasure gladly referred it to the Duke of Alva who remembring the Agreement for mutuall Succours made at Baion and thinking the French Embassadours ' Motion both honourable to the Spaniard and opportune for kindling Enmity between the Low-countrey-men and the French Hereticks whose minds would be distracted to see an Army come against them from the same place whence formerly they had supplyes he answered the Embassadour that the Senate had decreed Auxiliaryes as he requested which should forthwith march away and acquainting the Governesse with it he gave the charge of 2000. Spanish Foot and 1200. Horse most of them Gentlemen of Haynolt and Artoys to Iohn Lignius Count of Aremberg Some write that the Duke offered himselfe to be their Generall but such Assistance as it was likely to do would have begot a jealousie in the French that he came not as a Friend but as a Spy therefore as not expedient for either Kingdome that he should be absent from the Low-countreys it was by the Embassadour modestly refused and then Alva substituted another in his place Howsoever it were about the end of November Aremberg departing from Cambray three dayes supplications being made before he went for his happy Expedition joyned his Forces with the Marquesse Villeirs at Amiens from thence marching up to the King's Army he did his Majesty great Service in many Battailes till the French Differences partly settled by a Treaty he was commanded back to the Low-countreys by the Duke of Alva who then especially needed such a Generall and such an Army About that time Machiavell returning from Spaine brought her Excellence the King's Letters wherein after he had signified that three dayes before his Queen was brought a bed of a
thither in hope of plunder that within lesse then 4. Months in the Port of Vlushing lay a Fleete ready rigged and manned of a 100. 50. sayle which made diverse bold Attempts upon Townes and Shippes of the Spanish party wherewith in ten yeares space during which time they had many Sea-sights the Hollanders were but once overcome to be for ever after Conquerours as the Spanish Historians themselves affirme So that it seemes these were but prelusory Victoryes by which at this time the Hollanders Strength by Sea exceedingly increased Thus at last the water brought forth this new Common-wealth Ambition being the Mother Heresy the Midwife and Terrour like Thunder making her fall in Labour before her time Truly when this last Occasion of Rebellion was controverted the Bishop of Namure writing to Margaret Dutchesse of Parma concludes that the tenth and twentieth part was the price wherewith the Prince of Orange purchased the Maritime Provinces and his new Principality But in this so thick and suddaine a Defection of Cityes though the newes of losse upon losse extreamely vext the Duke of Alva for in Zupthen Overysell Gelderland and Friezland the Successe of the Prince of Oranges Kinsman William Count Bergen was no lesse fortunate the Cityes and Townes there being partly taken by storme partly submitting out of Affection or Feare Yet whilst the Duke of Alva only thought of keeping out the French and prepared against a Land-Winde not against a storm from Sea nothing more amazed him then to heart that Lewis of Nassau had taken Mons the chiefe City of Haynolt by the assistance of the French because he doubted this was the beginning of a war which it was cōmonly reported Charles K. of France perswaded by Lewis of Nassau and Gaspar Colligny had designed against the Low-countreys For King Charles having concluded a Peace with the Hugonots and received the greatest of their Faction into his Favour and Grace at Court suffered himselfe as it was said to be overruled by the Admirall Gaspar Coligny so farr as to send forces into the Low-countreys to assist the Nassaus And now the Drum was beat for them in France and because Colligny was to be Generall by the Kings appointment he invited to Paris the Flower of the Hereticall Nobility under pretence of doing honour to the King of Nauarre at his marriage with the King of France his Sister but indeed hoping to strengthen himselfe by the accesse of those Lords diverse of which and those the subtillest of the Faction were loth to trust themselves in the Kings power and wondered that Coligny who a few yeares before when the King sent for him to Court returned answer that in France there was no Count Egmonts should now with so much confidence come in person and be the Decoy to bring his fellowes to the Royall City and into the King's hands Notwithstanding the Admirall because he saw Mons taken by the French the Peace with Spaine broken and a Peace for that end concluded with the Queene of England not doubting but the designed warre would follow raised as many forces as he could possibly get among the German P. laboured to undermine the faith of the Low-countrey L. by a certaine Instrument of his tryed to corrupt Alva's Campe-Master Vitelli promising him the place of greatest honour and benefit in the French Army if he would in time come over and serve the King of France ready now to possesse himselfe of the Lowcountreys And And after his first Repulse when Coligny sent againe and shewed himselfe as impudent a Buyer of anothers faith as he was a Seller of his owne Vitelli inraged at the receipt of more Letters by the fame Messenger in his presence sealed as they were threw them into the fire and bad him get out of his sight and carry back that Action for an Answer to the Admirall his Master The Duke of Alva informed by Vitelli and advertised from the Spanish Embassadour in France of the Designes and hourely proceedings of the Hereticks at Paris though he could not at first believe the King of France to be an enemy being privy as some write to the King's Plot against the Hereticks yet hearing of the losse of Mons he thought it best to confide in the King no longer therefore neglecting the Warre from Sea he sent his Son Federico and Chiapino Vitelli with part of his forces before to besiege Mons he himselfe with the rest of his Army resolving immediately to follow When Federico came neare the Towne some commanded French Horse sallyed out lest the Spaniard should sit downe without resistance Indeed they conceived it a punctillo of honour to give the Enemy proofe of their valour before they be coopt up within Walles works Though in that skirmish Vitelli was shot in the left Thigh which was no little grief to the King's men yet they lodged the Army in the place he had appointed The next day after they had intrenched themselves they found in their quarters certaine Women of Mons that came under colour of selling herbes to discover the strength and resolutions of the Spaniards All which by Federico's Order had their petticoates cut off above the knee a military punishment wherewith the Spanish use to shame that Sex not unlike the old custome of the Ammonites and being first carried through the Campe and laught at they were with this Disgrace sent back to Mons. A while after the Monastery D'espine which was fortified by the Towne in regard of the neare distance was twice assaulted by the Spaniards who at last after hot dispute beate out the Garison and tooke it The Admirall this while omitted no endeavours to relieve the besieged listing Horse and Foot upon the Borders and appointing for their Commander in chiefe as he said by order from the King Iohn Hangest Lord of Ienlis Brother to Francis de Ienlis lately slaine Who though advised by a letter sent post from Lewis of Nassau not to fight till the Prince of Orange was joyned with him impatient of Delay and of a partner that must share the honour of delivering the Besieged and being incouraged by the cheerefulnesse of his Army consisting of six or seven thousand at St. Gislen not farre from the Towne besieged with more Valour then Discretion he gave Battaile to Duke Federico who omitting no duty of an Active Generall defated him with the losse of almost all his men That day the boldnesse of Vitelli was admired who not being as yet cured of his wound and neither able to go nor stand neverthelesse could not be perswaded to keep his Tent but made himselfe be carried upon a hand-barrow which he saw by chance and so sitting ordered the battaile with the Generall Federico planted the Ambuscadoes and did all that belonged to the Campe-Master's place Then appearing in the head of the Army among
the thickest of those that fought his voice his hand and even his presence was very much conducing to the Victory though his wound festring upon the cold he tooke his recovery was despaired of and it had like to have cost his life Ienlis they say lost twelve hundred men the Spaniards no more but thirty Ienlis himselfe and six hundred of his Souldiers whereof about six score were Gentlemen coming into the Spaniards hands part were imprisoned in the Forts next adjoyning and the rest hanged up Such as fled out of that unfortunate battaile and hid themselves in the Woods were by the Countrey people whom they had cruelly used awhile before with like cruelty murdered But Federico whose name grew glorious from that Field returned with his Victorious Army to the next Village to give publique thankes to Saint Leocadia Patronesse of Toledo whose body at that time was there preserved spending the day in warlike pompe And to fill Spaine with the newes the Duke as haughty in Ostentation as in Action sent Captaine Bobadilla to the King to gratulate his Majesty for the victory won by his Majesties Armes and Influence In the meane time the Prince of Orange animated with fame and hope of the rebellious Provinces was the more confident to march the second time against the Duke of Alva and bringing into the Field 6000 Horse and 11000 Foote in the beginning of Iuly passed the Rhine and the Mose storming Ruremond in a cruell manner entred Brabant forcing a passage into Haynolt to relieve his Brother Lewis In the way he traversed his ground to Lovaine a City faithfull to the King but forbare to use violence against it upon the Receipt of 16000. Crownes Mechlin having a while before refused a Spanish Garison and therefore unable to make resistance yielded The same fate had Nivell Diest Sichem Thienen and other Townes that either out of Feare or Love submitted to the Rebells Bruxells constant to their Loyalty kept out the the Prince of Orange Dendermund and Oudenaerd were stormed and plundered Many Villages not strong enough to resist redeemed themselves with money And indeed the Lowcountreys if ever at this time were truly miserable being invaded by forren Armyes by Sea and land The Sea-coast was spoiled and harressed by Lumè The parts bordering upon France by Lewis of Nassau Those confining upon Germany by Count Bergen and the Inland-Countrey by the Prince of Orange Nor did they only take Townes kill such as made resistance and rob houses with the Licentiousnesse and Avarice of Souldiers but with barbarous Inhumanity spared no age nor modesty tyrannizing over the Rest and Monuments of the dead which they spleened as much as the Living especially holy things and Persons no money could buy the Lives of Priests but with exquisite and shamefull cruelty they were tortured to death Some Writers expressely describe this Priest-Shambles which the Gheuses and and Lumè of all the Gheuses the bloudyest Butcher set up in many Cityes with as much glory to the Sufferers as dishonour to the Iudges and Hangmen And though in some places the King's Army Sacrilege excepted used their Victory afterwards with greate Cruelty Yet because the Gheuses began to them at Brill and likewise contrary to their faith obliged by oath had plundred Amorsfort the severity of the Spaniard seemes to be somewhat more pardonable as done by Example I am sure for this very reason the Hereticks in their owne Annalls doe confesse the Prince of Orange's men were infamous in the Low-countreys and he himselfe that was thought at first to have taken armes for Protection of the Netherlands against the Tyranny of Alva now by making no distinction between Friend and Enemy grew to be generally hated the people complaining that they were fallen among a multitude of Tyrants But the Prince of Orange slighting the distaste of the Cities came into Haynolt within sight of the besieged in the month of August where he found the Towne straitned and as it was commonly thought not able to hold out long against the Spaniards He wondred much to see the fortification of the Leaguer no lesse strong for mastering and keeping in the Garison then inaccessible to the assaults of any that should come to their Reliefe Diverse pieces of Cannon played upon Bartimont-Port from a hill which with a worke running on the left hand and a line from thence almost inclosed the Towne many little Redoubts at convenient distance standing on the Bulwarks which flanked one another and secured the whole These Intrenchments whilst the Prince of Orange vainely endeavoured to passe being entertained with some pickeering for Alva was resolved not to venture a battaile he heard about evening in the Spanish Campe a great joy expressed by three Vollyes of Shot and the cheerfull sound of Drums and Trumpets the light of Bonefires shining through the Army whereat being very much troubled his Spyes brought intelligence that two dayes before by King Charles his Command the great Massacre of the Hugonots was executed at Paris which because it hapned at the Marriage of Henry King of Navarre afterwards King of France and Margaret Sister to King Charles upon Saint Bartholomew's-Eve the Massacre it selfe was called Bartholomews-Eve or the Parisian wedding A strange attempt it was indeed but a just punishment of Traitours conspiring against their King The Pope when he had the newes sent him from the Cardinall of Loraine set apart a day of publique Thanksgiving to God the just Revenger in the Church of Saint Lewis and published a Bull of extraordinary Indulgences to such as should pray for the heavenly assistance to the King and Kingdome of France The Prince of Orange amazed at the suddaine accident and doubting the Event of the Warre because the Admirall Coligny and the rest of the Hereticall Princes being murdered no Aydes from the King of France could now be hoped for by these of the adverse Faction held it his best course to try the fortune of a battaile with the Duke of Alva before the newes of the Massacre came to his Souldiers eares But Alva still cautelous kept himselfe within his Trenches and from thence safely battering the Towne the Prince of Orange when he saw he could neither make any impression into his Campe nor draw him out fearing lest the French Commanders the chiefe strength of his Army upon notice of the Massacre at Paris should change their mindes and leave him wrote to his Brother Lewis That hee should provide for himselfe and give way to his fate and so retired with his Army to Mechlin not without some losse received as it commonly happens in a Retreate For almost 200. commanded Spanish Foot and about 800. Horse all of them so habited as they might bee distinguished by one another in the darke broke into the enemies Campe in the night and killing their first Centrees fell
who fortunately managing the War amidst the great discords of the Portugeses forced the Magistrates and Nobility to sweare Allegeance to the King of Spaine Wherein whilst the Duke overtoyled himselfe at Lisbon he fell desperately sicke the King comming often to visit him on his death bed and the Sacraments being adminnistred to him by Lewis of Granada a wise and religious man he departed this Life Whose death with many other Funeralls hapning in the height of that Prosperity grieved the King so much that he was heard to say he ne-never had greater experience of the incertainty of humane things because when his fortunes were raised to so high a pitch by the addition of many Kingdomes he was then deprived of the Heire apparent to his Crowne of the Queene his Wife and of this his great and faithfull Generall And truely the Duke of Alva descended from great Warriours had military Prudence by a kind of Inheritance His Father was that Garzia who in the African Warre being created Admirall in the Isle of Gerben where about 3000. Spaniards fell by the Sword and Famine whilst he together with Pedro Navarr Generall of the Land-forces endeavoured to stop the flight of his men wresting a Pike out of the hand of a common Souldier and valiantly fighting with it was slaine by the Moores His Grandâ—Father was Federico Cosen German to King Ferdinand who as he was more active then his Son Garzia so he did more gallant things For he gloriously put an end to the Warre of Granada where he was Generall of the Royall Betick Army and with the same courage defended the Appennine and all the Borders of Spaine against the French Lastly it was his fortune to joyne the Crowne of Navarre to the Spanish Empire But Alva himselfe farre transcended all his Ancestours in the vertues of a Generall The Age wherein he lived had not any other that commanded in chiefe so long and in such various places The common saying among Souldiers that a good Generall is never long-lived was sufficiently confuted by the Two great Generalls of that time Annas Momorancy Constable of France and this of whom we speak Ferdinando Duke of Alva Both of them constantly followed the Warres from their Infancy even to their decrepit Age he being almost fourescore this 74. yeares old inlarging their honours by continuall imployments Momorancy under foure Kings of France fought eight Battailes in foure wherof he commanded in chiefe Alva serving the Emperour Charles the fifth and his Son King Philip in Germany Africa Italy the Low-countreys and Portugall was Generall in the greatest expeditions But the French man was more active by the Genius of his Nation by his owne more unfortunate as being seldome Master of the Field three times taken prisoner and at last slaine The Spaniard oftner by delaies then Fighting gained glory out of the Successe of his Actions In warlike Abilities they are accompted rather equall then like But Alva was as good a Souldier at Court as in the Field Who though he was by nature and continuall conversation in the Campe growne rough and like a Soudier either carelessely regarded not or proudly contemned the Offices of Court-shippe which gave offence to some yet Princes dislike not their Ministers Austerity rendring them inaccessible to the subtill Flatterer And Alva by that Souldier's freedome speaking as if he would fight for his Master as well at home as in the Field advanced himselfe in the King's favour merited by his Fidelity and long service Yet by this kind of favour he got more private estimation then publique honour So that when he was called from banishment to be Generall in the Warre with Portugall though he was an earnest Suiter to the King that in his March he might kisse his Royall hand being not yet fully assured of his Pardon his Request was denyed And at the same time when the Nobility of Spaine were sent for by the King to sweare Allegiance to Didaco Prince of Spaine though the Duke moved for Leave to be present at the Solemnity yet the same sterne nature of the King would not admit him So much his Majesty confided in the man he thought that Alva might be uncertaine of his Favour yet He secure of the Fidelity of Alva Whose obedient Loyalty seemes to merit the Honour he had to die in the King 's speciall Grace in his Court and almost in his Armes and having to his owne wishes ended the Warre among the Applauses of victory to be carried to his Grave in Triumph Undoubtedly he was comparable to the antient Generalls in military Abilities if the Odium he contracted by too much Rigour Pride and Scorne of others as at present it obstructed the Current of his Vertues had not likewise taken off something of their reputation with Posterity Lodovico Requesenes Great Comendador of Castile Governour of the Lowcountreys The Historie of the LOW-COVNTREY WARRES The eighth Book IN the beginning of the year 1574 Ludovico Requesenes great Commendador of the Knights of Saint Iago in the Province of Castile began his government most men conceiving extraordinary hopes of him grounded as well upon his Civil as Military Prudence appearing in the course of his great employments both in Peace and Warre It was likewise believed that with his facilitie and modestie virtues set off by comparison with the Duke of Alva he would exceedingly gain upon the Low-countrey mens affections Nor was he himself negligent of fame but partly upon Designe partly by the Kings Command endeavoured to make himself popular And the people were presently much taken with him for punishing the Insolencies of some Garrison Souldiers but especially for pulling down and removing out of sight the armed statue of the Duke of Alva his other statue by the Kings Command being sent for into Spain to the Antwerpers very great contentment Insomuch that some were glad his statue had been erected that they might see his punishment in the demolishing and carrying it away But Requesenes for all this could not raise the Rebels from their siege of Middelburgh That Citie the head not onely of Walcharen but of all the Isles of Zeland was yet kept by Colonel Mondragonio who with frequent sallies and little fights rather to make show of confidence then out of any reall trust in his own strength had now for almost two years defended it against the Zelanders To mollifie that people incensed against Alva but said to be well-affected to the new Governour when Requesenes had often sent them very kind Letters by messengers assuring them of the Kings mercy all would not do for having made themselves masters of many small Towns the successe ticing them on they placed greater hopes in their own stubbornness then in the Kings unfruitfull mercy and according to the custome of the world held it better to be knaves and gain by it then
suspected the Low-countrey men unanimously petitioning for the removall of the Spaniards For the Prince of Orange who had assured himself Don Iohn would never send away the Spanish and consequently never be admitted Governour over the Low-countreys when he heard the Spaniards were departed Don Iohn with a great and generall joy inaugurated at Bruxels whither Embassadours daily came to him from neighbour-Princes the Queen of England her self sending Edward Horsey Governour of the Isle of Wight and that he likewise saw the Prince and Senate by their Commissioners required him with the Provinces Holland Zeland which onely were not included in the League to subscribe the perpetual Edict the man that would upon no conditions part with the Dominion he had now got into his hands answered That the Provinces with him confederated were in conscience barred froÌ„ consenting with the rest to the maintenance of the Romish faith and being pressed by Duke Areschot for he was sent to the Prince of Orange to ratifie the common League he said he could not do it for which his reason was the Faith of Calvine presently putting off his hat and laughing he said to the Duke Do you see this bald crown let me tell you there is not more Calvisme on my head then there is Calvinism in my heart Then applying himself wholly to his business he sent Letters Messengers to the Senators the Delegates of the Estates and all his friends pitying withall reviling them What did they intend whither were their courages judgements fled that they had admitted Don John not onely not inlarging but not so much as swearing to preserve their priviledge Were they so much taken with empty forms of Courtship as not to observe the Bird-call that by sweetnesse of sound brings the free creatures of the air into the net They had now sufficient experience that new Men came out of Spain not new Manners for in that Shop they were all cast in the same would But above all the rest they should beware of this Gentleman puft up with his Imperiall bloud fortune in the wars which if he now dissembled stooping to the civility of a private person the more it goes against the hair with a haughty and tyrannicall nature the sooner would his hypocrisie be laid by and their slavery inhaunsed No proud man carried ever himself like a servant to any over whom he did not hope to be a master Why hath he got a Guard if he be so popular as wholly to confide in the affection of the Subject Can any one doubt whither all these excessive bounties and promises tend wherewith that princely Merchant loads men of merit and no merit Yet some there are who notwithstanding they see this general Munificence traffick for the liberty of the Low-countreys think that fre-men sell themselves into bondage at a considerable rate Wherefore let them look into the man they will find it impossible that he should love the Low-countreys who betrayed to King Philip the Patron of the Low-countrey Lords Charles Prince of Spain The Prince of Orange not thus contented by those he imployed abroad particularly by Teronius Vascho lately come over to his party made it be privately rumoured That the Spaniards and forrein soldiers whose departure had been so longed for by the Low-countreymen let them not deceive themselves lay part concealed in the Province of Luxemburg part stayed in Burgundie part fought against the Hugonots in France and from these places exspected Don Iohns Orders for their immediate return And it was held more credible because of Don Iohn's Escovedo's Letters intercepted in France and about that time published at Bruxels which they said contained complaints to the King against the Estates Reasons for the necessity of a war an humble suit for money to that end All which aggravated by a large printed Comment of the Prince of Orange took away of much of Don Iohns Authority and estimation that whether his Bountie ebbed or flowed when their minds were once possessed with jealousie they interpreted all in the worst sense Those very men to whom he had shewn extraordinary favour advancing them to honours and great pensions on a sudden alienated from him not only shunned his sight as if all his graces had been poured into colanders hearts with holes in them but openly railed at aspersed and now endeavoured to prove themselves disobliged to him by their hatred of him Thus are unsound mind like unsound bodies the more you feed the more you poyson them Nor did the Hereticks leave their knavery thus but represented his words and actions as things of meer design Nay to some that wondered at his unexampled condescentions they told it as a secret That the Low-countrey-men had no great reason to trust the Oath so willingly taken by his Highness for confirmation of the perpetuall Edict Because he had sworn before he came out of Spain not to consent unto any thing in the Low-countreys prejudicial to the King By which Oath he had preing aged himself and as his Religion taught him the later being contrary to the former would not oblige him as being of no validitie A Doctrine long since preached in many Courts and now practised by Princes So the Florentines were deceived by Charles the viii of France who having sworn to deliver Pisa to them when they claimed his promise answered that he had first sworn the contrary to the Pisons When the Prince of Orange found this to work according to his wishes thinking Don Iohn that had parted with his Spaniards and lost the hearts of the Low-countreymen might easily be oppressed he left it to be acted by Philip Mornixius de Saint Aldegund whom he sent to Bruxels for that purpose and by William Horn Lord of Hese both undertaking either by force or stratagem to seiz upon his Highnesse and carry him into Zâ—land Which attempt though it was consonant to the rest of Aldegunds life a man ignominiously wicked who when he was a boy was Calvins auditour and now he himself being an old man preached to others nor less agreeable to the manners of the Lord of Hese especially since the removall of Don Iohn from Bruxels would be much to his advantage that was for be Governour of the Town who being afterwards condemned to lose his head it was thought practised the like against Alexander Farneze Duke of Parma Yet whether they really plotted it as Don Iohn understood from many credible authours or rather by the Prince of Oranges direction were contented with the fear resulting from the report of such a plot I dare not positively affirm For to breed enmity between Don Iohn and the Low-countrey Lords which was the Prince of Oranges end the means would be all one whether they intended or onely gave out that he should be taken prisoner the former being an odious thing
Brunswick raiseth men l. 5. p. 100. the King of Spain appoints him to command the horse l. 5. p. 132. he is disswaded from the service l. 5. p. 134 Ernest Mulart pursues the Fugitives with a Galley l. 6. p. 19. Escovedo vide Iuan Eucharist preserved from the contumelies of Hereticks l. 9. p. 40. taken after meat by speciall indulgence â— 2. p. 7. Saint Eugenius Bishop of Toledo and Martyr l. 5. p. 132 Euscaubechius Commander of the Confiderates horse l. 6. p. 1. Eustachius Fiennes Lord of Esquerd one of the Covenanters l. 5. p. 109 Excomunication l. 1. p. 9. l. 3. p. 56 57. l. 4. p. 81 32. Example of unfortunate beauty l. 10. p. 3 4. of a Prince beloved of his servants l. 10. p. 21 22 Exile of the Duke of Alva and the cause l. 7. p. 81 82. his banishment repeal'd l. 7. p. 82. the exile of Count Lumè l. 7. p. 80 Expedition of the Duke of Alva against Lewis of Nassau l. 7. p. 54. by sea l. 7. p. 74. 81. to Portugall l. 7. p. 32. of Don Iohn designed for England l. 9. p. 29 36. Of Gemblac l. 9. p. 49. Of Granada l. 10. p. 19. Of Limburge l. 10. p. 1. His navall expeditions l. 9. p. 49. l. 10. p. 19. Of Charles the fifth v. Charles Of Charles the ninth of France against the Hugonots l. 6. p. 34 35. Of the Governess against Bolduc l. 6. p. 2. against Maestricht ibid. Against Tolouse ibid. Against Tornay and Armenter l. 6. p. 7. Against Valenciens l. 5. p. 143. Of the Hugonâ—ts l. 6. p. 26. The Prince of Orange his first expedition out of Germany into the Low-countreys l. 7. p. 46. Another to relieve his brother Lewis l. 7. p. 75. By Sea l. 8. p. 10. Of the States of the Low-countreys l. 8. p. 23. Of Requesâ—ens to Middelburge by sâ—a l. 8. p. 1. For Leiden l. 8. p. 6. For Zeland l. 8. p. â— Sentences in E. EASILY may he avoid the spoile's hands that never hath allur'd an envious eye l. 8. p. 24 ELOQUENCE without discretion is but the unseasonable overflowing of wit l. 2. p. 40 The Great body of an EMPIRE must be spirited with a great soul and maintaineâ— by many hands l. 1. p. 1 Expedition must be used whilest the Multitude have onely a taste of ERROR and have not swallowed down the falshood l. 5. p. 113 F. FAbio Farnezè goes for the Low-countreys l. 9. p. 41. he is sent into Portugall l. 10. p. 13 Fabio Lembo a Nâ—opolitan l. 5. p. 114 Falcese the Marquess l. 8. 11 Famisht l. 7. p. 79 56 Farnezâ— v. Alexander Charles Fabio Margaret Princess of Manjua Octavio Odovardo Ranuccio Fatness of body taken down l. 8. p. 15. Federicke King of Denmark l. 3. p. 53 Federicke Perenot Lord of Campin governour of Antwerp brother to Cardinall Granvell l. 8. p. 17 22. the falling out of him and Count Altemps l. 8. p. 17. he receives into Antwerp souldiers sent from the States l. 8. p. 22. He fortifies the Town against the fort ibid. He is Generall of the States Army at the siege of Breda l. 9. p. 48. Commander for them in chiefe at the battell of Gemblac l. 9. p. 49. by command from the Prince of Orange he is imprisoned at Gant l. 10. p. 9. Federico de Toleda grandfather to the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 82. Federico Son to the Duke of Alva brings him men and money from Spain l. 7. p. 58. sent by his 〈◊〉 against the Prince of Orange l. 7. p. 61. goes to besiege Mons l. 7. p. 74. sights with the French that would hinder him from sitting down before it ibid. punishes the women spies ibid. Takes the Abbie de Spine ibid. fights with the French Generall and defeates him ibid. stormes Zutphen and plunders it l. 7. p. 77. takes all the Towns in Gelderland ibid. burns Nardhem in Holland l. 7. p. 78. Besieges and takes Harlem ibid. is carried out of the field wounded l. 7. p. 80. Attempts Alâ—mer in vain l. 7. p. 81. returns into Spain with his father ibid. Ferdinand King of Castile l. 8. p. 15 Ferdinand the Catholick King l. 7. p. 82 Ferdinando Gonzaga Governour of Millan and Generall for Charles the fifth l. 6. p. 30 Ferdinand the Emperour holds a Diet at Francfort l. 3. p. 71. dies l. 4. p. 87. His daughter designed by the King of Spain for wife to Alex Farnezè l. 4. p. 91 Ferdinand Martin an incendiary l. 7. p. 50 Ferdinando de Toledo Duke of Alva l. 1. p. 11. l. 2. p. 38 46 49. Favours Cardinall Granvell l. 4. p. 80. waits upon Isabella Queen of Spain to the conference at Baion l. 4. p. 88. carries the order of the Fleece from King Philip to Charles the ninth of France ibid. His speech for war with the Low-countreys l. 6. p. 23 24. The government of the Low-Countreys committed to him l. 6. p. 25. falls sick at Millain l. 6. p. 27. musters his army at Ast in Piemont l. 6. p. 29. His march into the Low-countreys l. 8. p. 9. His invention of the use of Musketoâ—nes l. 6. p. 31. l. 7. p. 55. He enters Bruxells l. 6. p. 31. visits the Governess l. 6. p. 32. how she receives him ibid. He summons the Lords ibid. Arrests the Counts Egmont and Horne l. 6. p. 33. Excuses it to the Governess l. 6. p. 34. sends the prisoners to Gaunt l. 7. p. 49. sends forces into France against the 〈◊〉 l. 6. p. 35. offers himself to be their Generall ibid. why the causes of the Low-countrey-tumults are charged upon him l. 7. p. 39. upon what score the Low-countrey-men hated him ibid. 51 58. He builds the Fort at Antwerp l. 7. p. 40. 41. Institutes a new Court of Iustice ibid. Impeaches the Prince of Orange and the rest of the Lords that fled the Low-countreys ibid. condemns them l. 7. p. 42. sends the Prince of Oranges sonne into Spain ibid. pulls down Culemburge house ibid. Ambush laid against him l. 7. p. 46. Auxiliaries sent him from the King of France l. 7. p. 47. He take off the heads of the gentlemen Covenanters l. 7. p. 48. the extent of his fault in prosecuting Egmâ—nt and 〈◊〉 l. 7. p. 51. He pronounces sentence of death against them ibid. beheads them l. 7. p. 52. His expedition against Lewis of Nassau l. 7. p. 54. He goes to Groninghen ibid. fights and routs him ibid. over-takes the enemy at Geming l. 7. p. 55. defeats him with a great slaughter l. 7. p. 56. sends the news of his victory to Pius the fifth at Rome l. 7. p. 57. punishes the Sardinan Regment for burning the Countrey ibid. contemns the reports of the Prince of Oranges Army l. 7. p. 58 59. his saying touching the Princes confederate against the King of Spain ibid. He could not fright the Prince of Orange from passiing the River ibid. would not accept the Prince of Oranges
his Wit and Civil Arts l. 9. p. 42. Bounty ibid. Moderation in his Joy l. 9. p. 43. Piety ibid. Services in Germany and Italy ibid. Preparations for the War l. 9. p. 42. the Order of the Fleece bestowed upon him by Charles the fifth ibid. Advanced to the Principality of Parma and Piacenza ibid. l. 1. p. 23. he defends Parma for a whole year besieged l. 9. p. 42. Piacenza restored to him ibid. he goes with the Emperor into Africa l. 1. p. 23. falls desperately sick Ibid. returns to Rome ibid. Joyns with the Spaniard against the French l. 9. p. 42. Serves as a Voluntier in the Low-Countries l. 1. p. 24. in respect to him his Wife is Created Governesse of the Low-countries by the King ibid. be waits upon his Majesty to meet his Wife designed Governesse Ibid. perswades her to dismisse the Spanish Souldiers l. 3. p. 50. she brings him two sons at a birth l. 9. p. 43. he delivers his son to Philip the second then in the Low-Countries l. 9. p. 44. his Opinion touching the Marriage of his son Alexander l. 4. p. 91. his Judgment of the Amity of Neighbour Princes ibid. he Consents to march his son with Princess Mary of Portugal ibid. p. 92. from Italy he comes into the Low-Countries to his sons Nuptialls l. 4. p. 94. meets his Wife Margaret of Austria inher return from the Netherlands l. 6. p. 37. likes not his sons Resolution to accept the Government of the Low-Countries l. 10. p. 15. Octavio Gonzaga brother to the Prince of Mâ—lpheâ— comes into the Low-countries with Don Iohn l. 9. p. 26. disswades Don Iohn from sending the Spâ—niards out of the Low-Countries l. 9. p. 27. General of the Horse at the Battel of Gemblac l. 9. p. 50. confirmed by the King l. 10. p. 7. receives Lovain l. 9. p. 53. attempts Mechlin and Villvord ibid. money sent him by the King l. 10. p. 7. delivers his Opinion at a Councel of War for fighting the States Army though they were intrenched l. 10. p. 8. fights at Râ—menant l. 10. p. 12. his Place in the â—uneral of Don Iohn of Austria l. 10. p. 22. Odoardo Cardinal Farneze obtained of God by the Prayers of Princesse Mary of Portugall l. 4. p. 95. l. 9. p. 44. Offences how they began to rise in the Low-Countries l. 2. p. 46 47. Olennius the Romane Exactor of the Belgick Tribute l. 7. p. 70. Olhain one of the first Covenanters l. 5 p. 10â— Olivera vide Antonio Omen in a sinister sense l. 1. p. 22. vide Prodigy Orange vide William Oration or Counsel or Speech of Alexander Farneze to Don Iohn at a Counsel of War l. 10. p. 7. at another time l. 10. p. 14. of Albret to the King of Navarre her Husband against the Catholicks l. 3. p. 57. of Duke Areschot in Senate against the Covenanters l. 5. p. 103. of the same against the Valencenians l. 6. p. 9. of Baâ—berino to the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 62. of Count Barlamont against the Covenanters l. 5. p. 103. of the Marquis of Bergen to the Prince of Ebolo l. 6. p. 27. of Brederod in the Name of the Covenanters to the Governesse l. 5. p. 108. of the same to the Antwerpers l. 5. p. 112. of the Emperour at his Resignment to the Estates of the Low-Countries l. 1. p. 4. of the same to his son Philip when he transferred his Kingdomes to him ibid. of the same performing his own Funeral Rites l. 1. p. 17. of the Prince of Conde and Gasper Coligny to Charles the ninth of France perswading him to fight the Spaniards l. 6. p. 26. of Count Egmont to the Valencenians to bring them in obedience l. 6. p. 9. of the Duke of Alva to his son Duke Federico when he Commanded him to fight the Enemy l. 7. p. 61. of the same to the King of Spain perswading him to a War with the Low-Countries l. 6. p. 23 24. of the same in answer to Barberino l. 7. p. 62. of his Councel disswading the Exaction of the tenth part l. 7. p. 69. of the Duke of Feria to the King arguing against a War l. 6. p. 24. of Gallus by way of unfriendly advice to Ischius l. 9. p. 26 27. of Granvel against the Prince of Orange l. 3. p. 68. of the same to his friends l. 4. p. 79. of the Governesse in Senate that the Covenanters should not be admitted l. 5. p. 104. of the same in answer to the Covenanters l. 5. p. 108. of the same to the Senate touching the Violation of sacred things l. 5. p. 128. of the Hereticks against Don Iohn l. 9. p. 34. of the Spaniards leaving the Low-Countries l. 9. p. 30. of the enemy reviling and wounding the Spaniards l. 8. p. 12. of a Jesuite to the Mutineers l. 8. p. 6. of Escovedo moveing Don Iohn to send away the Spaniards l. 9. p. 28. of the same to compose a mutiny among them l. 9. p. 31. of the Embassadours from the Heretical Princes of Germany to the Governesse in Senate l. 6. p. 18. of the Lords against the King l. 2. p. 38. of Octavio Gonzaga disswading Don Iohn to part with the Spaniards l. 9. p. 27. of the Prince of Orange against the King l. 5. p. 104. of the same at his departure from the Low-Countries to Count Egmont l. 6. p. 14. of the Estates desiring they might not pay the tenth part l. 7. p. 65. of Osorius Ulloa animating his men l. 8. p. 11. of Captain Pacecho dying to his fellow Souldiers l. 8. p. 12. of Petrieus the Centurion to his Companions in Armes ibid. of Philibert Bruxellius for the Emperor at his abdication to the Estates of the Low-Countries l. 1. p. 4. of Ruigomtz a Silva Prince of Ebolo to put off the King from a War with the Low Countries l. 6. p. 23. of Scaremberg in Answer to the Embassadors from the German Hereticks l. 6. p. 18. of the Seditious Valencenians l. 3. p. 64. of the Mutinous Spaniards against Avila l. 8. p. 4. of the same to a Jesuite exhorting them l. 8. p. 5. of the Senators at Bruxells for the Imperial Edicts l. 5. p. 105. of others against them ibid. 106. their joynt answer to the Covenanters ibid. touching the dismission of the Spaniards l. 3. p. 51. of the People against the Inquisition and the Emperours Edicts l. 2. p. 35. Ordination of the Low-Countrey Provinces l. 1. p. 16. of the Horse-Militia l. 1. p. 17. of the Foot Militia l. 3. p. 52. of the Bishopricks l. 1. p. 17. Order of the Golden Fleece when and by whom Instituted l. 1. p. 17. l. 4. p. 94. vide Knights Order of St. Stephen Instituted by Cosmo Duke of Florence l. 8. p. 14. Original of the Belgick Conspiracy l. 5. p. 99. vide Gentlemen Covenanters Ormanceto vide Nicolao Osnaburg the Bishop l. 7. p. 51. Osorio vide Iuan. Osteat in the Heavens portending the
the one hand and on the other Elianor and Mary Queen Dowagers of France and Hungary with another Mary Queen of Bohemia and Christiern daughter to the King of Denmark Dutchesse of Lorrain First he created his sonne Philip master of the order of the Golden-fleece then he commanded Philibert Bruxellius one of the Lords of his great Councel to signifie his pleasure to the Estates of Flanders The summe of his speech was this That the Emperour being admonished by his dayly decay of health which had much broke and brought him low to settle his affairs in this world resolved to transferre that weight which he could no longer support as became his own and the Empires dignity â—pon his sonne both in vigour and wisdome able to bear so great a burthen Therefore Cesar wishing it may be for the happiness of himself and the Provinces resigned his Dominion of the Low-countreys and Burgundy released the People of their â—ath of Allegiance and voluntarily gave the right and possession of the Low-countreys and Burgundy to his sonne Philip King of England Whilest Philibert was gravely speaking this The Emperour rises on the sudden and leaning on the shoulders of William Prince of Orange interrupted his speech and out of a paper he brought to help his memory as the Register of the Empire he himself began to read in French What he had done from the seventeenth year of his age to that day nine expeditions into Germany six into Spain seven into Italy four into France ten into the Low-countreys two into England as many into Africa eleven Sea-voyages Warres Peace Leagues Victories and set forth the particulars rather magnificently then proudly Moreover That he had proposed to himself no other end of all these labours but the preservation of Religion the Empire Which hitherto whilest his health permitted he had by Gods assistance so performed that Charles the Emperours life and Reign could offend none but his enemies Now since his strength and almost life was spent he would not prefeâ— the love of Empire before the safety of his People In stead of an oâ—d Bed-rid man the greatest part of him already in the grave he would substitute a Prince in the spring of his youth of active strength and courage To him he desired the Provinces tâ— pay their obedience likewise to keep Peace among themselves and be constant to the Orthodox Religion Lastly That they would favourably pardon him if he had trespassed in his Government For his own part he would alwayes remember their fidelity and services in his prayers to God to whom alone he resolved to live for the short remainder of his dayes Then turning to his sonne he said If these Provinces had descended upon thee by my death I had yet deserved something at my sonnes hands for leaving him so rich and improved a patrimony Now since â—hine Inheri ance is not a necessitated but a voluntary act and that thy Father hath chosen to die before his time that he may antedate the benefit of his death all the interest thou owest me for it I assign it to thy Subjects and require thee to pay it in thâ— love and care to them Other Princes rejoyce they have given life to their sonnes and shall give Kingdoms I am resolved to prevent fate of this gasping and posthumous favour esteeming it a double joy if I may see thee not onely living but live â—o see thee reigning by my gift This example of mine few Princes will imitate for I my self in all antiquity could hardly find one to follow But sure they will commend my resolution when they see thee worthy to be made the first president Which thou wilt be if thou firmly retein the wisdome thou wert bred to the fear of the Almighty and which are the pillars of a Kingdome the patronage of Religion and the Laws One thing remains which thy Father makes his last wish That thou maist have a sonne grow up worthy to have thy Government transferred upon him but yet have no necessity to do it Having spoken this he embraced his sonne that was upon his knees striving to kiss his hand and piously and fatherly praying God to bless him his tears broke off his words and drew tears abundantly from the eyes of the beholders King Philip humbly kissing his Fathers hand then rising to the Estates excused his ignorance in the French tongue commanding Anthony Perenott Granvell Bishop of Arras to speak for him who in a most learned Oration interpreted the Kings mind as gratefull to his father so likewise affectionate to the Low-coutrey-men by his fathers precept and example Iames Masius an eloquent Civill Lawyer answered in the name of the three Estates Lastly Mary Queen of Hungary resigned the Government of the Low-countreys which she had managed five and twenty years for the Emperour her Brother So for that day the Session was adjourned Two moneths after in a farre greater Assembly for fame had further spread it self the Emperour gave to his sonne Philip at once the possession of all his Kingdomes Provinces and Islands aswell in our World as beyond the Line Finally not long after he sent the Crown and Scepter of the Empire all he had then left to his Brother Ferdinand created many years before King of the Romans by the hands of William Prince of Orange who they say at first declining the Ambassage told the Emperour in King Philips presence that he hoped better things from heaven then to see his Master take the Imperiall Crown from his own head and send it by him to another whether it was love to the Emperour of whose grace and bounty he had many proofs or flattery to King Philip whom he knew designed for the Empire by his father who often to that purpose had treated with his Brother Ferdinand For Cesar to confirm the Spanish power of the House of Austria by accession of the Empire had many times by Mary Queen of Hungary sounded his Brother Ferdinand if he would surrender the Kingdome of the Romanes to Philip among other proposals promising to share the Empire with his Brother that ever after there should be two Cesars of equall authority But all this moved not Ferdinand Charles the fifth from so great an Emperour now no body leaving the Court to the new Prince staid a while in a private house till the fleet was ready then losing from Zeland with his sisters Queen Elianor and Queen Mary he sailed with a prosperous wind into the port of Laredâ— in Biscany To follow him out of the Low-Countryes will not be I suppose to wander from the History since by continuing a relation of the last passages of a Prince of the Low-Countreys and the last Prince born a Low-Countrey-man I may appear to be in the Low-Countreys still However I presume the Reader will approve the bringing to light of this great retirement
distracted between two factions wavering and fearing the successe of either Things being in this condition whilst King Charles made all the friends and means he could to help himself King Philip was extraordinarily carefull to dispatch away succours to his kinsman Perhaps moved by zeal to Religion perhaps solicited by his wife who trembled at her brother Charles his danger perhaps jealous of the Low-countreys lest the arms or example of the French should there prejudice his affairs Therefore having raised three thousand foot in Italy and made Iohn Anguisciola their Colonel to be commanded in chief by Imbertus Platerius Bordillon Lieutenant Generall for the King of Spain in Piemont and dispatching as many more from Spain by the way of Navarre he writes to his sister Margaret Governess of the Low-countreys presently to choose two thousand horse out of the Low-countrey Militia to march against the French Rebells and if the Queen or the Guises shall desire more men to furnish them The Governess reading the Kings letters at the Counsel board observed that all the Lords were against sending assistance to the French The Prince of Orange and Count Egmont argued that the horse was maintained by the Provinces for a guard to the Low-countreys and to that end they were at first ordained Therefore to carry them out of the Low-countreys the Provinces must give their consent but that would be a work of time and exposed to much danger now especially when the Low-countreys wanted additionall forces and ought not to have their own taken from them But they had perhaps a higher Consideration For it was believed at the instigation of the Prince of Conde some German Princes had threatned their neighbours the Low-countreymen if they assisted the Guises enemies to the new Religion they in defence of the Cause would bring an armie into the Low-countreys Nor do I think it unlikely that both the Prince of Conde attempted it and the Germans undertook it For on the one part the Prince of Condes faction was much troubled about the raising of those forces in the Low-countreys as appears by a book then published and sent by the Spanish Embassadour Cantonet with letters to his brother Granvel wherein they give the Hereticks many reasons why the King of Spain should not assist the Catholicks in France On the other part the Governess by an Express to his Majestie informs him That the Low-countrey men either terrified by the Germans or out of some other cowardly considerations would hardly nay could by no means be drawn to give order for the horse to march into France and threatned mischief if they went In which letter she seems to touch what I have here mentioned the cause of their dissent And she her self either despairing that the Provinces would let them go or believing they could not be well spared from the Low-countreys equally endangered by a war from Germany and an Insurrection at home pressed the business more remissely at the Councel Table When on the sudden came an Express from the King wherein the Governess was not a little chid for her delay and commanded without further consultation immediately to send away the Horse She anxious how she might obey his Majesty in that particular by the advice of Granvel changed the name not substance of the Kings desires demanding money instead of men Which being granted she presently returned it into France to the Queen-wother and signified to King Philip the reason of her so doing Not onely because she knew money would be far welcomer then men to the Queen according as she her self formerly intimated and after the receit confirmed but likewise for fear the Governess should loose both her endeavours and authority in pressing the Low-countrey men to that which she found by experience was not to be obtained or if it were obtained would be disadvantageous That she feared the Low-countreys now their hearts were down and that in Tournay and Valencena were begun no inconsiderable stirrs about Religion and no doubt but they would encrease if the seditious once saw the Low-countreys left naked without defence of their Horse Lastly for that some by their Place were to conduct the Horse whose faith she might very well suspect it seemed to be no less dangerous to trust them with Arms then to shew a diffidence in them by choosing other officers The King received rather then approved the condition of the money which the States had granted and sending fifteen hundred horse out of Spain to the Queen-mother which the Governess was to pay he strengthened the Catholicks in Francâ— But before these succours came the King of Navarre the Guise and Momorancy had taken Roan from the Prince of Condes men The King himself though dangerously shot lying upon his bed in a kind of Chariot was triumphantly brought into the Citie But a few dayes after his wounds bleeding afresh in the same sepulchre with himself he buried his hopes of the Kingdome of Sardinia which he had kept alive till his last gasp to the great good of the Catholicks Nor was the War prosecuted with lesse care Momorancy commanding in Chief both Armies exceedingly increasing For with the Kings forces were joyned 6000 foot sent from King Philip and the fifteen hundred Horse formerly mentioned And near to Dreux a Town in Normandy they fought a battel with great courage on both sides The Prince of Conde and Momorancy both the Generals were taken prisoners and above ten thousand men slain the Victory at last fell to the King but with more honour then joy Such fatall wars issued from the liberty given to the Hereticks and cherished by the ambition of the Lords But these miseries of the French which I have related for to that end I have related them brought the same mischief upon the Low-countreys as any man will easily perceive that hath leasure to compare the practises of Hereticks in both Nations and the differences of either Court the names of Hugonots and Gueses raised in their severall tumults The Cardinal of Lorain answering to Cardinal Granvel the Queen-mother of France to the Dutchess of Parma in the Low-countreys the like conspiracy of the Nobility the like Edicts of their Princes the plunder of Cities and Churches not to be distinguished all things in both Countreys almost the very same as springing from the self-same Causes save onely that the War was more suddenly begun by the French and more obstinately pursued by the Low-countrey men The first Low-countrey Towns that followed the example of the French were their next neighbours Tournay Lisle and Valencena which by their sudden motions plainly signified the subsequent ruine of the Netherlands For in October the year before two French Calvinist preachers in the same night the one at Valencena the other at Tournay openly before a great assembly in the Market-place delivered their new Gospel and when they had done
to his Highnesse a supply the more wellcome because so seasonable to him then destitute both of Men and Money Nor did the Nuncio fail to visit the Deputies of the Estates and the Senatours but passed from Namure to Bruxels where delivering as she had in Command his Holinesses letters and fatherly exhortations to the resuming of their former Concord and Obedience which letters were received with more magnificence then dutie many of their minds being long since possessed with the spirit of heresie a refractorie and sullen disease that may with lesse difficultie be kept out then shook off In the mean time Don Iohn by letters from the King being injoyned if an accommodation could no way be made strenuously to maintain the Catholick Religion and the Royall Authority with assurance that he should not want an armie had notice that the Prince of Orange was sent for to Bruxels by the Estates and created Protectour of Brabant by the old name of Ruart of the Province an Office very like that of Dictator among the Romans or Manbure among the Leigeois This Officer the Brabanters said they were authorized to elect by the priviledges of the Ioyfull Entry though as farre as I observe in their Annals besides Anthony sonne to Philip Duke of Burgundie when Ioan the widow of Duke Wenceslaus governed Brabant chosen Ruart by the three Estates of that Province and besides Philip Count de Saint Paul whilst Duke Iohn and his wife Iaquenette were at difference whom the Brabanters rebelling against the Duke created Ruart that people never made use of such a Magistrate And because both those Ruarts came at last to the power and authority of Dukes the Prince of Orange might by their example hope that one day the titles of temporary modestie laid aside the House of Nassau might be Dukes of Brabant and he the first For this presumption Don Iohn failed not bitterly and speedily to reprove the Citie and the Estates by his Embassadour Gaspur Schetz Lord of Grobendonch Likewise a while after receiving other Letters post from the King by the hand of Philip Sega sent at that time Nuncio out of the Low-countreys into Spain in the place of Ormanetto wherein the King commanded the Deputies of the Estates to lay down Arms not to admit the Prince of Orange and to obey the perpetuall Edict Don Iohn sending them a copy of the Letter seriously wished them maturely to advise upon it whilst they had time and not to provoke their Prince his just displeasure to the ruine of their Countrey and themselves But when instead of Answer they would return nothing being wholly governed by the Prince of Orange but complaints and threatnings Don Iohn applyed himself to thoughts of violence and Warre as some conceived not unwillingly For having lost all hope of quieting these Provinces by indulgence and liberality an Honour forfeited by the former Governours of the Low-countreys which he laboured to recover when he found that his clemency prevailed not but the Magistrates authority waxed his waned and was rather a kind of entreaty then command his life exposed to the daily injuries and plots of wicked men He not able to suffer their affronts having been accustomed to command great Armies and finding his hands tied both at home and abroad weary of such a life was glad to lay hold of that occasion and rather chose an open Warre then a miserable and unsafe Peace Indeed it was an Argument of a mind highly offended and incensed that a Man of such experience in the Warrs would enter into hostilitie at a time when he was in strength so much inferiour For of all the seventeen Provinces onely two Luxemburg and Namure continued faithfull to him The Nobility Clergie and Magistrates a few excepted were all confederated with the Estates Not that they renounced their Religion or Loyaltie though there was then a world of such Apostates but some to ingratiate themselves with the People greedie of Libertie and still maligning their Governours part bought with promises by the Prince of Orange and being kinsmen to him many thinking Don Iohn quite disarmed and running away followed the partie of the Estates as safer A great sort held their cause to be likewise honester conceiving all Don Iohn of Austra's jealousies and fears to be onely pretences for the justice of a Warre Therefore by Letters to the King they accused him for endeavouring to ingage the Low-countreys upon vain suspicions It seems we must not beleive Treason to be plotted against any Prince that is not slain Nor could he then raise an Army able to contest with theirs For on the one side those few Germans he had retained in the Low-countreys some Companies of Spanish now called out of France where they fought for the Crown and divers Wallons and Burgundians hardly amounting to the number of four thousand When on the other side they had at that present no lesse then fifteen thousand which as it was proposed in their Councel of Warre and to which end they marched from Gemblours if they had presently advanced to Namure no doubt they had beat Don Iohn weaker in Men and Munition out of the Town and Fort. But as in consultation where many heads are laid together whilst they in the field disputed away their time they gave Don Iohn opportunity to strengthen himself with new succours For the Ruart the Prince of Orange after that Dignitie was conferred upon him would do nothing before Brabant was settled that their neighbours might be secure in Holland He therefore instituted at Bruxels and in the Towns adjacent Magistrates according to the Hollanders new model By his advice the Fort at Antwerp was dismantled as to that part which commanded the Town with so great a rejoycing of the People and such a crowd of voluntary Labourers that women of the best quality could not be kept within doors but they would come in the night to see the men at work till for abominable things committed in their drinking and dancing the night-work was prohibited by Edict But their Joy was never at the heighth till they came to the triumphall Brasse-statue of the Duke of Alva laid out of the way in a private corner of the Fort. They tumbled it into the Court hackt it with their swords hewed it asunder with axes and as if they had at every blow drawn bloud and put the brasse to pain pleased themselves with an imaginary Execution Some carried home fragments of the broken Basis and hung them up in their Halls as if they were the enemies spoyls and would signifie to Posteritie a kind of revenge taken upon the Duke The metall as before it was melted out of Cannon into Alva's statue so afterwards the Statue was again cast into Cannon and restored to its own nature Onely one thing displeased many as if Alva being wholly composed
1. Their Discouragement at the losse of Valenciens l. 6. p. 11. Their Complaints l. 6. p. 15. Their Preaching Ministers run away ibid. They are challeng'd to dispute ibid. They are Expell'd the Low-countreys l. 6. p. 17 20. They crave assistance of the Germans l. 6. p. 18. Their Temples are destroy'd l. 6. p. 20. Their sense upon Alva's departure from the Low-countreys l. 7. p. 81. They criminate Don Iohn l. 9. p. 34. They and the Catholicks swear allegiance to the Arch-Duke Matthias l. 9. p. 39. They turn the Jesuites out of Antwerp ibid. and other Catholicks l. 9. p. 41. Possess their Churches ibid. are brought into Amsterdam l. 10. p. 5. vide Calvinists Preachers and Lutherans Hague l. 8. p. 7. Hames vide Nicolas Hangest vide Francis Iohn Hannibal Gonzaga l. 10. p. 12. Hannibal Count Altemps brings forces out of Germanie into the Low-countreys l. 8. p. 9. Upon the borders circumvented by the Enemy and wounded ibid. He is left by Requesenes to secure Brabant ibid. The difference between him and the Governour of Antwerp l. 8. p. 17. He leaves men in Germany l. 10. p. 7. Hannibal of Carthage l. 2. p. 28. Hariaden Barbarossa l. 8. p. 14. Expell'd from his Kingdome by Charles the fifth l. 10. p. 21. Harlem receives a Garrison from the Hollanders l. 7. p. 78. renounces Religion and violates all things sacred ibid. Besieg'd by the Royallists Ibid. provokes the Spaniards with unheard of Contumelies ibid. Jeeres at holy things ibid. Compell'd by famine to yield to mercy l. 6. p. 79. Very many of the Town put to death Ibid. A Regiment of of Harlem women ibid. The obstinacy and barbarity of the Townesmen ibid. The siege of Harlem compar'd with that of Sancere ibid. The number of the slain and wounded Royallists l. 7. p. 80. and Confederates ibid Hassen vide Philip Landâ—grave of Hessen HHaynault a Province of the Low-countreys l. 1. p. 15. It s Governour l. 1. p. 16. The Townes and villages of the Haynaulters plunder'd l. 7. p. 63. Their Delegates call'd to Bruâ—ells l. 8. p. 17. against the Spaniards l. 8. p. 20. vide Mons. A Proverb in Haynault l. 6. p. 5. Haultepen vide Claudius Haure vide Charles Croy. Heden a Town l. 1. p. 10. Heleâ—nor sister to Charles the fifth l. 1. p. 3 15. Heleonor Mâ—â—orâ—ney wife to Count Hochstrat l. 6. p. 12. Haloven vide Francis Heâ—nin vide Iohn Maximilian Henry King of England l. 1. p. 9. Henry Bavier Bishop of Vtrecht l. 1. p. 15. Henry Brederod Commander of a troop of the Low-countrey horse l. 1. p. 17. l. 6. p. 11 12. Chief of the Conspirators l. 5. p. 102 104. Enters Bruxells with the Covenanters l. 5. p. 107. binds them with a new Oath ibid. Leads them to Court ibid. In their name presents a Petition to the Governesse l. 5. p. 108. Feasts them at Culemberge-house l. 5. p. 109. delivers a new Petition l. 5. p. 111. Goes to Antwerp ibid. Is met by a multitude of people l. 5. p. 112. offers himself to be their General and is accepted ibid. Meets the Prince of Orange coming to the Town l. 5. p. 118 Convenes the Gheuses at Centron l. 9. 119. Is call'd to a Conference by the Prince of Orange and Count Egmont sent by the Governesse l. 5. p. 119 120. He carries the 9. heads of the Conference to his Party ibid. He is Chosen General for raising men and money l. 5. p. 141. Endeavours to draw Count Egmont to a new Confederation l. 5. p. 142. Desires the Governesses leave to come to Bruxells ibid. Is deny'd ibid. sends a petition to the Governesse ibid. Prepares men and armes l. 6. p. 1. Fortifies Viana ibid. Enters Amsterdam l. 6. p. 2. Refuses to take the Oath of Allegiance l. 6. p. 11 12. His Troop of horse taken from him ibid. He is commanded to depart from Amsterdam l. 6. p. 19. Tryes to reconcile himself but in vain ibid. Despaires of Recovering of Holland l. 6. p. 20. Leaves the Low-Countreys ibid. Dies ibid. Henry Dionisius a Jesuite is invited from Colen to Maestricht l. 6. p. 15. Disputes with the Hereticks Ibid. Restores Maestricht to its old Religion and Obedience ibid. Henry the second of France desirous of a War with Spain l. 1. p. 11. Takes Calice Ibid. Concludes a Peace with King Philip l. 1. p. 12. His hatred to Mary Queen of Hungary l. 9. p. 57. A Tournament at the Marriage of his Daughter and Sister l. 1. p. 13. His Death ibid. Predicted and the Judgments of Prudent men upon the Accident ibid. Henry King of Portugall l. 10. p. 13. Henry Nassau Uncle to the Prince of Orange l. 2. p. 43. Henry Nassau brother to the Prince of Orange l. 8. p. 2. Henry King of Navarre afterwards King of France l. 7. p. 76. Henry â—sellie the French Embassadour l. 4. p. 85. Henry Vienâ—us Lord of Ceuravium Commander of horse in the Battel of Gemlac l. 9. p. 51. in the siege of Dalbem l. 10. p. 3 Hercules Duke of Ferara l. 1. p. 21. His daughter design'd for wife to Alexander Farneze ibid. l. 4. p. 91. Hercules his haven or Port Ercole l. 8. p. 14. Hese vide William Hierg vide Aegidius Barlâ—mont Hieronymo Roda l. 8. p. 18. His servant slain ibid. He himself endanger'd ibid. Hieronymâ— Serosqueques one of the waders over the Sea to Ziriczee l. 8. p. 10. Hieronymites l. 1. p. 6. The site of their Monastery Ibid. Hippolyto Pennonto a Physician l. 10. p. 15. Historians how they should dispute of peace and war l. 2. p. 27. Their Errors refuted l. 3. p. 59. l. 7. p. 41 47. the causes why they differ about the beginnings of the Low-countrey Tumults l. 2. p. 27. Hochstrat vide Anthony Lalin Holach vide Philip. Holland a Province of the Low-Countreys l. 1. p. 15. a new State l. 1. p. 1. l. 7. p. 72. It s Governour l. 1. p. 1â— l. 7. p. 72. The slaughters in that Province l. 5. p. 127. The first Tumults l. 6. p. 19. l. 7. p. 72. It yeilds to the Governess l. 6. p. 20. The Maritime part of it drown'd by a Sea-breach l. 7. p. 65. Hollanders anciently free from Tribute l. 7. p. 70. For which they rebel'd then against the Romans Ibid. and now against the King of Spain l. 7. p. 71. l. 8. p. 20. They expel the Spaniards l. 7. p. 72. Jeer the Duke of Alva ibid. submit to the Prince of Orange ibid. Piraâ—s from all parts joyning with them make up a Fleet l. 7. p. 73. For almost 10 years they have been Constantly victorious at Sea Ibid. Some of their Cities recovered by the Spaniard ibid. 81. l. 8. p. 8. Their hatred to that Nation l. 7. p. 72 78. Their Fleet sailes over land to Leiden l. 8. p. 7. and into Sceldt l. 8. p. 13. Hoodes parti-coloured the Cognizances of and marks of a Combination l. 4. p.
Duke of Alva concerning the King of Navarre l. 3. p. 58. Of the Spanish Officers to the King l. 8. p. 22. Of Count Hochstrat in answer to Count Mansfeldt l. 6. p. 12. Of Count Horn to the King against Granvell l. 3. p. 72. Of Don Iohn to Alexander Farneze touching the Emperour Redolph and the Arch-Duke Matthias l. 9. p. 39. to the King his brother l. 10. p. 14. another counterfeited and sent for his to Fronsberg l. 9. p. 49. Of Iohn Michese the Jew incouraging the Calvinists at Antwerp to Rebel l. 5. p. 139. Of Margaret of Austria to Philip the second touching the dismission of the Spaniards l. 3. p. 51. and Cardinal Granvell l. 3. p. 68. Of Concessions made against Religion l. 5. p. 130. Of her Letters betrayed at the Kings Court l. 5. p. 137. Of the storming of Valenciens l. 6. p. 8. Of the Duke of Alva's Army l. 6. p. 27. Of the authority granted to the Duke of Alva that much troubled her l. 9. p. 48. Of her desire to be discharged from the Government l. 6 p. 34. before her departure l. 6. p. 36. to Granvell touching the acceptance of his Cardinals robes l. 3. p. 54. to the Provinces against the Valencenians l. 6. p. 6. to the Governours of Provinces to take away Heretical Exercises l. 5. p. 141. in answer to the Covenanters l. 5. p. 143. to the Lady Marquesse of Bergen when she sent a Garrison into the Town of Bergen l. 6. p. 28. to the Duke of Alva that he would lossen his Army l. 6. p. 29. Leva vide Alphonso Sancho Levia Rendered to Alexander Farneze l. 9. p. 35. Levinus Tâ—rentius l. 9. p. 36. Lewis of Granado a Dominican Fryer l. 7. p. 82. Lewis of Nassau brother to the Prince of Orange infected with heresie in his travels l. 9. p. 99. sets a foot a conspiracy in Low-Countries ibid. and in Germany l. 5. p. 100. commands the Conspirators in chief l. 5. p. 102. enters Bruxells with the Covenanters l. 5. p. 107. collects money for them assisted by Brederod ibid. at a feast with the Covenanters l. 5. p. 110. goes with his Companions to the Governesse l. 5. p. 111. asks leave of the Bishop of Lieg for the Gheuses to convene at Centron l. 5. p. 119. offers another Petition to the Governesse l. 5. p. 120. his Letter consenting to the Iconomachy l. 5. p. 127. the Principal Boutefeu ibid. 134. his threats against Bruxels and the Governesse l. 5. p. 129. he is present in the Convention at Dendermund l. 5. p. 134. the Kings displeasure against him ibid. he perswades the Antwerpers to conform unto the Confession of Ausburg l. 5. p. 138. is chosen General for the Covenanters to raise men and money l. 5. p. 141. followes the Prince of Orange out of the Low-Countries l. 6. p. 15. is impeached and condemned absent l. 7. p. 41. enters Frizland l. 7. p. 47. takes Damme ibid. Fights Count Aremberg and defeats him ibid. besiegeth the Groine l. 7. p. 54. the number of his Forces ibid. he encamps at Geâ—â—ng l. 7. p. 55. a mutiny in his Camp ibid. he fights with the Duke of Alva Ibid. 56. loseth his Army ibid. and Carriages abid his Armes and his Clothes are brought to the Duke of Alva ibid. he flyes ibid. his battel by the â—â—yer Emmes compared with the overthrow of Arminius by the River Visargis ibid. General of the Hugonots in France he is Routed by Count Mansfeldt l. 7. 64. he moves the French King to invade the Low-countries l. 7. p. 73. take Mons in Hayndt ibid. is besieged renders the Town l. 7. p. 76 78. goes to Dilemburg ibid. is defeated at Mooch his Death l. 8. p. 3. diverfly reported ibid. his Elogy Ibid. Lewis de Bourbon Prince of Conde Enemy to the Guises l. 3. p. 56. advanceth the Conspiracy at Ambois l. 3. p. 57. sentenced to lose his head l. 3. p. 58. restored to liberty and the Kings favour ibid. is a friend to the Heretical Cause l. 3. p. 60. his Activenesse to raise men in the Low-countries ibid. Taken at Dort l. 3. p. 6. Sollicites the Hereticks to plunder Churches in the Netherlands l. 5. p. 121. is accounted one of the Covenanting Gheuses ibid. Favours those of Geneva l. 6. p. 26. Perswades the King of France to fight the Spaniard ibid. the Low-countrey Fugitives have recourse to him l. 6. p. 34. he makes the Duke of Alva's March an occasion to raise Forces Ibid. he is routed at St Denis l. 6. p 35. renewes the war ibid. revives the third Civil War of France l. 7. p. 63. vide Lodwick Lodovico Libels in France against the King and the Guises l. 3. p. 57. in the Low-Countries against Religion the Bishops and Cardinal Granvel l. 4. p. 77. against the Inquisition l. 5. p. 100. one fathered upon the Knights of the Golden Fluce l. 5. p. 112. Of Hereticks at Autwerp for liberty of Conscience l. 5. p. 139. another with in blood l. 4. p. 84. one offered to the Arck-Duke for liberty of Conscience l. 9. p. 41. Liberty naturally defited by the Low-Countrey men l. 1. p. 23. l. 8. p. 21 l. 9. p. 37. Licherth a Fort l. 8. p. 19. Lieg a Monster born there l. 7. p. 40. Bishop of Lieg l. 1. p. 18. l. 5. p. 119. the Town joynes in the Association of Gant l. 9 p. 30. gratulates Alexander â—arneze l. 9. p. 52. the Mambure of the Legeois l. 9. p. 36. Life contemned l. 8. p. 12. Lignius vide Iohn Lily taken for a happy Omen l. 1. p. 8. Limburg a Province of the Low-Countries l. 1. p. 16. and l. 10. p. 14 its Governour l. 1. p. 16. recovery l. 10. p. 4. Situation l. 10. p. 1. Suburbs ibid. stormed ibid. p. 2. the Town taken by assault ibid. defended Ibid. the Fort burnt l. 10. p. 4. 〈◊〉 the Chief City of Flanders l. 6. p. 6. against it they of Tornay and Armenter conspire ibid. the Consistorial Merchants attempt to betray it ibid. the Plot discovered ibid. p. 7. the City freed ibid. the Townesmen of Lisle demolish the Fort l. 9. p. 38. the Governour of L'Isle l. 6. p. 7. Livia's advice to Aug. Caesar l. 9. p. 28. Low-Countries how all the Provinces were anciently consotlated under one Principality l. 1. p. 15. Charles the fifth thought to have made them into a Kingdom ibid. p. 16. They are transferred by Charles the fifth to his son Philip l. 1. p. 4. their division l. 1. p. 15. to whom the King assigned their Governments l. 1. p. 16. they Petition the King to take off the tenth part l. 7. p. 67. they waver at the newâ—s of the taking of Brill by the Covenanters l. 7. p. 72. they conspire against the Spanish l. 8. p. 20. they adhere to the Estates onely two continuing faithful to Don Iohn l. 8. p. 21. l. 9. p. 37 48. Low-Countrey Governour
16. the first that promiseth to take the Oath of fidelity l. 6. p. 11. sent with the Fleet to transport Princess Mary from Portugall l. 4. p. 91. high in the Kings esteem l. 5. p. 135. l. 8. p. 17. his disposition l. 5. p. 136. combines with other Lords against Granveâ—l l. 3. p. 75. is with the Gentlemen Covenanters in the Prince of Orange his house l. 5. p. 107. opposeth some of them ibid. gives his Vote in Senate against the Covenanters l. 5. p. 103. is enraged at his son for joyning with them ibid. discovers to the Governess many particulars concerning the Gheuses and their Design l. 5. p. 121. his opinion of the Iâ—onomachy in the Netherlands l. 5. p. 127. of Lewis of Nassau ibid. of using Armes to suppress the Gheuses l. 5. p. 129. is Lievtenant Governour of Bruxells for the Governeâ—s l. 5. p. 130. Count Egmonts Letter to him l. 5. p. 136. his answer ibid. ready to serve the King in all things ibid. l. 8. p. 17. the Duke of Alva sends him General into France l. 7. p. 64. there he gives a totall Rout to Lewis of Nassau's horse fighting for the Hugonots ibid. his right Arme shot ibid. he writes to Margaret of Parma what the Duke of Alva did in the Low-Countries l. 7. p. 68. endeavours to pacifie the seditious Spaniards l. 8. p. 18. is designed by Requeseres on his death-bed Commander in Chief of the Low-Countrey Militia l. 8. p. 16. violently taken out of the Senate and committed to Prison l. 8. p. 20. Chosen to Command the Spanish Army departing out of the Low-countries l. 9. p. 32. Camp Master in the battel of Gemblac l. 9. p. 50. his Vote in a Councel of War l. 10. p. 8. his place at Iohn's Funeral l. 10. p. 22. Philibert Chalon the last of the Chalons that was Prince of Orange l. 2. p. 43. Philibert Bruxellius speaks to the Estates of the Low-Countries for the Emperour when he resigned l. 1. p. 4. appointed by the Governess to examine the Tumults at Valenciens l. 3. p. 62. in Senate he reads a Letter touching the Lords Conspiracy l. 5. p. 103. Philipland a Desert Island l. 8. p. 10 13. Philipland besieged l. 9. p. 57. its site Ibid. Governour l. 9. p. 58. 't is invaded ibid. rendred ibid. Philip the first son to the Emperour Maximilian and Mary Dutchesse of Burgundy l. 1. p. â—7 Philip the second son to Charles the fifth and Isabella of Portugal is born l. 1. p. 9. l. 4. p. 92. why publick joy was forbidden at his birth l. 1. p. 9. he marryeth Mary Daughter to Iohn the third of Portugal l. 4. p. 92. Mary Queen of England married to him l. 1. p. 3â—4 l. 3. p. 71. the English love him not l. 1. p. 9. he moves his father and hastens his Resignment of the Low-countries ibid. the Emperour resigning makes him Master of the Order l. 1. p. 3. l. 5. p. 107. all the Emperours Kingdomes given him l. 1. p. 5. l. 2. p. 30. what answer he made to one that minded him of the Anniversary day of his Fathers Abdication l. 1. p. 6. he makes the Duke of Savoy Governour of the Low-countries l. 1. p. 11. concludes a Truce with Henry the second of France ibid. is at War with the Pope ibid. sets the Queen of England at difference with the French ibid. victorious at St. Quintin ibid. receives a blow at Calice ibid. beats the French at Graveling ibid. p. 12. makes a peace with the French ibid. marrieth Isabella daugther to Henry King of France ibid. thinks of returning into Spain l. 1. p. 14. settles the State of the Low countries ibid. Political l. 1. p. 16. Military l. 1. p. 17. and Sacred ibid. and l. 2. p. 29. Convenes the Estates and the Knights of the Golden Fleece at Gant l. 1. p. 18. Creates Margaret of Austria Gouernesse of the Low-countries l. 1. p. 19 â—4 makes some New Knights of the Order l. 1. p. 25. l. â— p. 46. treats with the Deputies of the States ibid. 26. goes for Spain ibid. as he was hunting acknowledges Don Iohn for his brother l. 10. p. 18. angry with him for offering to steal away to the War of Malta ibid. 19. offended at his fortifying Tnnâ—s ibid. suspects him ibid. the people discourse and Judgment against the King ibid. others are for him l. 2. p. 35. the diversity of his and his Fathers Disposition l. 2. p. 38. he delayes the revocation of the Spaniards from the Low-countries l. 3. p. 50. l. 9. p. 27. his reason for it l. 9. p. 32. he recalls them l. 3. p. 52. Commands the Governesse to send assistance to the King of France l. 3. p. 55 60 61 71 72. offers Sardinia to the King of Navarre l. 3. p. 59. his Letters touching the marriage of the Queen of Scotland l. 3. p. 59. he sends from Italy Auxiliaries into France l. 3. p. 60. gives his reasons for increasing the Low-countrey Bishops l. 3. p. 71. defends Granvel ibid. his answer to the Letter signed by Count Egmont the Prince of Orange and Count Horne l. 3. p. 73. a false rumor of his being murthered l. 4. p. 77. his Commands to the Governesse concerning infamous Libels ibid. and the Cognizances given by the Lords ibid. 78. and the punishment of Hereticks l. 4. p. 84. he sends away Granvell from the Low-Countries l. 4. p. 79. goes to take possession of the Kingdome of Portugal l. 4. p. 82. seriously commends to the Governesse the Care of Religion l. 4. p. 83. instructs her how to intercept the Hereticks ibid. his bounty to English Exiles ibid. his earnestnesse in receiving the Councel of Trent l. 4. p. 85. his difference with the Pope ibid. in great indignation he recalls his Embassadour from Rome ibid. gives an account to the Low-countrey men and to the Princes of Europe of the occasion of the Conference at Bayon l. 4. p. 87. why he was not there in person ibid. 88. he consults the Divines what their opinion was touching Liberty of Conscience desired by the Low-countrey men l. 4. p. 89. his words before the Image of Christ ibid. his Instructions delivered to Count Egmont ibid. p. 90. and Alexander Farntze to be conducted into the Low-countries ibid. his Letter to the Governesse touching the Marriage of Alexander Farneze l. 4. p. 91. he enjoynes her to punish the Hereticks c. l. 4. p. 96. he receives intelligence from the Governesse of the Conspiracy of the Low-countrey Lords and of their annuall Actings l. 5. p. 102 106 113 114. is not satisfied with the Requests made by the Embassadour Mâ—ntiny ibid. unseasonably defers the grant of a Pardon to the Covenanters l. 5. p. 115. promiseth his personal presence in the Low-countries ibid. how he assented to the desires of the Governesse l. 5. p. 120. he Commands her to make preparations of Armes l. 5. p. 132. gives