Lady Violant his Daughter From this Sene it was taken by Lewis the 11th who having put a Garrison into Bar repaired the Walls and caused the Arms of France to be set on the Gates thereof Restored again by Charles the 8th at his going to the Conquest of Naples since which time quietly enjoyed by the Dukes of Lorrein till the year 1633. when seized on by Lewis the 13th upon a Iudgement and Arrest of the Court of Parliament in Paris in regard the present Duke had not done his Homage to the King as he ought to have done The Arms hereof are Azure two Barbels back to back Or Seme of Crosse Crossets Fâ—tche of the second But to return again to Champagne it pleased Hugh Capet at his coming to the Crown of France to give the same to Euies or Odon Earl of Blais whose Daughter he had maried in his private fortunes before he had attained the Kingdom with all the rights and privileges of a Countie Palatine Which Eudes or Odon was the Sonne of Theobald Earl of Blais and Nephew of that Gerlon a Noble Dine to whom Charles the simple gave the Town and Earldom of Blais about the year 940. and not long after the time that he conferred the Countrie of Neustria upon Roâ—â—o the Norman In the person of Theobald the 3d the Earls hereof became Kings of Navarre descended on him in right of the Ladie Blanch his Mother Sister and Heir of King Sancho the 8th Anno 1234. By the Mariage of Joan Queen of Navarre and Countess of Champagne to Philip the 4th of France surnamed the Fair both these Estates were added to the Crown of France enjoyed by him and his three Sonnes one after another though not without some prejudice to the Ladie Joan Daughter and Heir of Lewis Hutin But the three Brethren being dead and Philip of Valois succeeding in the Crown of France he restored the Kingdom of Navarre to the said Ladie Joan and for the Countie of Champagne which lay too neer the Citie of Paris to be trusted in a forrein hand he gave unto her and her posterity as in the way of exchange some certain Towns and Lands in other places though not of equal value to so rich a Patrimonie Count Palatines of Champagne 999. 1 Odo Earl of Champagne Brie Blais and Toureine Sonne of Theebald the elder Earl of Blais 1032. 2 Stephen Earl of Campagne and Blais Father of Stephen Earl of Blais and King of England 1101. 3 Theobald eldest Sonne of Stephen 1151. 4 Henry Sonne of Theobald a great Adventurer in the Wars of the Holy Land 1181. 5 Henry II. an Associate of the Kings of France and England in the Holy Wars King of Hierusalem in right of Isabel his Wife 1196. 6 Theobald II. Brother of Henry added unto his house the hopes of the kingdom of Navarre by his Marriage with the Ladie Blanche Sister and Heir of Sancho the 8th 1201. 7 Theobald III. Earl of Campagnâ— Sonne of Theobald the 2d and the Ladie Blanche succeeded in the Realm of Navarre Anno 1234. 1269. 8 Theobald IV. Sonne of Theobald the 3d King of Navarre and Earl of Champagne and Brie 1271. 9 Henry Sonne of Theobald the 4th King of Navarre and Earl of Champagne c. 1284. 10 Philip IV. King of France in right of Ioane his Wife King of Navarre and Earl of Campagne 1313. 11 Lewis Hutin Sonne of Philip King of France and Navarre and Earl of Champagne 1315. 12 Philip the Long Brother of Lewis Hutin King of France and Navarre and Earl of Champagne 1320. 13 Charles the Fair Brother of Philip King of France and Navarre and the last Earl of Champagne united after his decease by Philip de Valois to the Crown of France the Earldom of March neer Angolesme being given for it in exchange to the Ladie Ioane Daughter of King Lewis Hutin and Queen of Navarre maried to Philip Earl of Eureux in her right honoured with that Crown from whom descend the Kings of France and Navarre of the House of Bourbon The Arms of these Palatines of Champagne were Azure two Bends cotized potencee and counterpotencee of three peeces 3. PICARDIE PICARDIE hath on the East the Dukedoms of Luxembourg and Lorrein on the West some part of Normandie and the English Ocean on the North the Counties of Artois and Haiâ—â—â— and on the South Champagne and France strictly and specially so called A Countrie so well stored with Corn that it is accounted the Granarie or Store house of Paris but the few Wines which it produceth are but harsh and of no good relish especially in the Northern and colder parts of it The antient Inhabitants of it were the Snessiones Ambiani and Veromandui considerable Nations of the Belgae and therefore reckoned into the Province of Belgica Secunda but why they had the name of Picards I am yet to seek Omitting therefore the conjectures of other men some of the which are groundless and the rest ridiculous I onely say as Robert Bishop of Auranches hath affirmed before me Quos itaque aetas nostra Picardos appellat verè Belgae diâ—endi suâ—t qui postmodum in Picardorun nomen transmigrarunt The whole Countrie as it lieth from Calais to the Borders of Lorrein is divided into the Higher and the Lower the Lower subdivided into Sainterre Ponthein Boulognois and Guisnes the Higher into the Vidamate of Amieus Veromandois Rethelois and Tierasche in every of which there are some places of importance and consideration In LOWER PICARDIE and the Countie of GVISNES the chief Towns 1. Calais by Caesar called Portus Iccius as the adjoyning Promontorie Promontorium Itium by Ptolomie a strong Town close upon Artois at the entrance of the English Channel taken by Edward the 3d after the siedge of 11 moneths An. 1347. and lost again by Queen Mary in lesse than a fortnight An. 1â—57 So that had Monsieur de Cordes then lived he had had his wish who used to say that he would be content to lie seven years in Hell on condition that Calais were taken from the English The loss of which Town was a great blow to our Estate for till that time we had the Keyes of Frâ—nce at our Girdles and as great a grief unto Q. Mary who sickning presently upon it said to those which attended her that if she were opened they should find Calais next her heart 2. Hamme a strong peece one of the best Out-works of Calais 3. Ardres more towards the Borders of Boulognois memorable for the interview of Henry the 8th and Francis the first and many meetings of the English French Commissioners 4 Guisaes which gives name to this Division called the County of Guisnes of which the Land of Oye whereon Calice stood by the French called commonly Pais de Calais was esteemed a part 2. In BOVLOGNOIS neighbouring on the Countie of Guisnes the places of most note 1 Blackness a strong Fort on the Sea side betwixt Calice and Boulogne 2 Chastillon
France and Lorrein and France it self distracted into many Soveraign Estates and Principalities 26. 841. 4 Charles II. surnamed Calvus or the Bald youngest Sonne of Lewis King of France and Emperour vanquished by Charles the Grosse in the War of Italie 38. 879. 5 Lewis II. surnamed Balbus or the Stammering Sonne of Charles the Bald King of France and Emperour 881. 6 Lewis III. with Caroloman his Brother the base Sonnes of Lewis the Stammering Usurpers of the Throne in the infancy of Charles the Simple 886. 7 Charles III. surnamed Crassus or the Grosse King of Germany and Emperour called into France and elected King during the Minority of Charles the Simple 5. 891. 8 Odo or Eudes Sonne of Robert Earl of Anjou of the race of Witikindus the last King of the Saxons elected by an opposite Faction outed Charles the Gâ—osse 9. 900. 9 Charles IV. surnamed Simplex or the Simple the Posthumus Sonne of Lewis the Stammerer restored unto the Throne of his Fathers which after many troubles raised against him by Robert the 2d Earl of Anjou whom he slew in battel he was forced to resigne 27. 927. 10 Rodolph of Burgundie Sonne of Richard Duke of Burgundie the Brother of Eudes succeeded on the resignation of Charles the Simple 2. 929. 11 Lewis IV. surnamed Transmarine in regard that during his Fathers Troubles he had lived in England restored unto the Regal Throne on the death of Rodolph opposed therein by Hugh Earl of Paris and Anjou the Nephew of King Eudes by his Brother Robert before mentioned 958. 12 Lotharius Sonne of Lewis the 4th disturbed in his possession by Hugh Capet the eldest Sonne of the said Hugh on the pretensions of that house by which at last he got the Kingdom 987. 13 Lewis V. Sonne of Lotharius the last King of the House of Charles the Great After whose death being King onely for a yeer the Crown was seized on by Hugh Capet Charles Duke of Lorreine Brother of Lotharius and Uncle unto Lewis the fift being pretermitted And now we are come to the present race of the Kings of France founded in Hugh Capet so called from the greatness of his head Sonne of Hugh the great Earl of Paris and Anjou and Grandchild of Robert the second Earl of Anjou Which Robert was the Brother of Eâ—des and Cousin German of Rodolph Kings of France Who partly by his own wits but chiefly by the weakness of the mungrel Issue of Charles the Great having got the Diadem transmitted it unto his Posterity the Crown descending in a direct line from Father to Sonne till the death of Lewis the 10th surnamed Hutin But here we are to understand that the Realm of France was at that time shut up within narrower bounds than it is at the present the large and rich Countries of Champagne Normandie Bretagne Anjou Poictou Languedoc and the great Dukedom of Aquitain besides those Provinces which constituted and made up the Kingdom of Burgundie being aliened and dismembred from it How they became reduced to the Crown again will be discerned in the ensuing History and Succession of The third Race of the Kings of France of the Capetine or Saxon Line 988. 1 Hugh Capet of whom sufficiently before 9. 997. 2. Robert the Sonne of Hugh Capet Duke of Burgundie also 34. 1031. 3 Henry the eldest Sonne of Robert his younger Brother Robert being setled in the Dukedom of Burgundie 39. 1061. 4 Philip the Sonne of Henry who added Berry to the Crown 49. 1110. 5 Lewis VI. Sonne of Philip surnamed the Grosse 28. 1138. 6 Lewis VII Sonne of Lewis the sixt an Adventurer in the War of the Holy Land as also did his Sonne and successour 1181. 7 Philip II. surnamed Augustus by whom Normandy Aquitain Anjou with their severall Appendixes were taken from King Iohn of England 43. 1224. 8 Lewis VIII Sonne of Philip Augustus 3. 1227. 9 Lewis IX surnamed the Saint renowned for his Wars in Egypt and the Holy-Land He restored Guienne to the English and added the Earldoms of Tholouse and Mascon to the Crown of France 44. 1271. 10 Philip III. Sonne of Lewis 15. 1286. 11 Philip IV. surnamed the Fair King also of Navarre in the right of the Lady Ioan his Wife 28. 1314. 12 Lewis X. surnamed Hutin King of Navarre in right of his Mother whom he succeded in that Kingdom Anno 1305. After whose death the Kingdom of France was to have descended on Ioan his Daughter 2. 1315. 13 Philip V. called the Long Brother of Lewis Hutin partly by threats promises and other practices caused a Law to pass to which he gave the name of the Sal que Law for disabling Women from the succession to the Crown and thereby quite excluded his Brothers Daughter served in the same kind himself by his Brother Charles who following his example excluded on the same pretence his Neeces Joan and Margares the Daughters of Philip. 5. 1320. 14 Charles IV. but in true accompt the fifth of that name most commonly called Charles the Fair Brother of Philip and Lewis the two last Kings After whose death began the Wars of the English for the Crown of France challenged by King Edward the 3d. as Sonne and Heir of Isabel the Daughter of King Philip the Fair and Sister to the 3 last Kings 7. 1328. 15 Philip VI. surnamed de Valois Son of Charles Earl of Valois the second Sonne of King Philip the third and Vncle to the three last Kings succeeded under colour of the Salique Law of which Charles it is said that he was Sonne to a King Brother to a King Vncle to a King and Father to a King yet himself was no King In this Kings dayes was fought the famous Battle of Crecie Anno 1343. in which the French Army consisted of about 70000 Souldiers the English of 11800 only yet the victory fell unto the English by whose valour fell that day Iohn King of Bohemia 11 Princes 80 Barons 120 Knights and 30000 of the common Souldiers He added unto his Estates the County Palatine of Champagne the Country of Daulphine and the Citie and Earldom of Montpelier 22. 1350 16 Iohn the Sonne of Philip de Valois in whose reign was fought the battel of Poictiers wherein Edward the black prince so called for his black acts upon the French with an handfull of wearied Souldiers but 8000 in all overcame the French army consisting of 40000 men of which they slew besides the Nobles 10000 of the common Souldiers and took prisoners King John himself and Philip his Sonne 70 Earls 50 Barons and 12000 Gentlemen 14. 1364. 17 Charles V. the Sonne of Iohn recovered all those peeces except only Calice which the English had before gotten from his Father and Grandfather He is called commonly Charles the Wise but Lewis the 11th would by no means allow him that attribute affirming that it was but a foolish part to give his younger Brother Philip the Dukedom of Burgundy and withall the Heir of Flanders to wife
they yeeld unto the Prince in the way of Revenue and what Forces he is able to raise out of his Estates I cannot positively determine But by the Tribute formerly payd unto the Popes for the City of Mutina and the rich territory of both Towns and the great Revenues of the Dukes of Ferrara I conceive they cannot yeeld less than 100000 Crowns of yearly in-come The Armes of this Duke the same with those of Ferrara before blazoned The Dukedom of PARMA THe Dukedom of PARMA hath on the North the Dukedoms of Millain and Mantua from which it is parted by the Po on the South the Apennine which divideth it from Liguria on the East the Country of Modena on the West Montferrat situate as Modena is in Lombardia Cispadana and much of the same nature both for soyl and air and other the commodities of those parts of Italie The principall Cities of it are 1 Parma an antient City and made a Colony of the Romans at the end of the second Punick War as Mutina and Aquileia at the same time were It is seated on a small River of the same name which runneth almost thorough the middest of it beautified with very handsome buildings and peopled by a race of ingenious men whether they do be take themselves unto Arts or Arms. The grounds about this City are of excellent pasturage and yeeld great plenty of the Cheese which is called Parmesan 2 Placentia seated on the Po one of the first Colonies which the Romans planted amongst the Cisalpine Galls and famous for the resistance which it made both to Annibal and Asdrubal who severally in vain besieged it made afterwards the Metropolis of the Province of Aemilia yet nothing the less beautifull for so great an age The fields adjoyning have the same commendation with those of Parma for most excellent Cheese but go beyond for Salt-pits and Mines of Iron which the other wanteth 3 Mirandula a proper Town built in the time of Constans the sonne of Constantine the Great the Patrimony of the noble Family of the Pici of which was Picus de Mirandula that renowned Scholar but held by them as Feudataries to the Dukes of Parma 4 Briscello called antiently Brixellum not far from the chief City Parma of no great note at the present time but memorable in the Roman story for the death of the Emperor Otho who here killed himself For hearing here that his Forces were overthrown by Valens and Cecina Commanders of the Forces of Vitellius then his Competitor for the Empire he rather chose to fall by his own sword than that the Romans should be forced for his sake to renew the war And this he did with so much honour to himself that many of his souldiers slew themselves at his Funerall Pile not out of consciousness of crime on for fear of punishment but to testifie their affections to him and to follow such a brave example as was layd before them So as we may truly say of him as he is sayd by Tacitus to have sayd of himself viz. Alii diutius imperium tenuerunt nemo tam fortiter resiquit 5 Monticella in the middle way almost between Parma and Plancentia and opponte unto Cremona a chief Town of the Dutchy of Millain from which parted by the River Po. These Towns as others in these parts have been partakers of the diversities of fortune as being after the declining of the Western Empire some times under the Venetians most times under the Millanoys and at last couquered by the Popes in the confusions and distractions of the Dukedom of Millain under the two last Princes of the house of Sforza By Paul the 3 d being of the house of the Farnesis the Cities of Parma and Placentia with their Appendixes were given unto his son Petro Aluigi or Petrus Aloysius as the Latins call him with the title of Duke An o 1549. The Signeurie of Camerine which he had lately taken from the Dukes of Urbin being given in recompence to the Church This Petro being a man of most vicious life had amongst other villanies committed an unspeakable violence on the person of Cosâ—â—us Chirius the Bishop of Janum and soon after poysoned him For which most detestable fact he received no other chastisement of his Father than this Haec vitia me non coÌ„monstratore didicit that he was sure he had not learnt those vices by his example But going on in these wicked courses he was slain at last by Count John Aguzzola and Placentia after a short siege yeelded to Ferdinand Gonzaga Vice-Roy in Millain for the Emperor Charles the fifth conceived to be privy to the murder Octavian the sonne of Petro Luigi hearing what had hapned fortified himself in Parma as well as he could but being hated by the new Pope and distrustfull not without good cause of the Emperors purposes he had quite lost it if Henry the second of France had not taken him into his protection For the Emperor Charles fully determined notwithstanding that Octavian had maried his base daughter to have made himself Lord of the Town and the French King was loth to see so great a strength added to the Emperors possessions in Italie When the war had now lasted four years Philip the second which succeeded Charles considering how necessary it was for his affairs in Italie to have this Octavian his friend restored unto him again this Plaisance or Placentia and so withdrew him from the French faction An. 1557. Yet because he would be sure to keep his house in a perpetuall dependance on Spain he restored it not absolutely at the present but held the Citadell thereof with a Spanish Garrison till the year 1583 when in regard of the good services which Alexander Prince of Parma had done him in his Wars against the Hollanders and others of the revolted Provinces he caused it to be surrendred into the hands of his Father Octavian By which and by his setling upon this house the Town and Territory of Novara in the Dukedom of Millam and other personall favours which they have conferred on the Princes of it the Kings of Spain seem to have given some satisfaction to this house for stepping betwixt them and the Kingdom of Portugal to which they might have made such a probable title as would have troubled his Estate had they stood upon it The Dukes of Parma 1549 1 Petro Luigi Farnesis sonne to Paul the third made by the Pope his Father the first Duke of Parma 1550 2 Octavian Farnesis sonne to Petro Lewis maryed Margaret base daughter to Charles the fift afterwards Governess of the Netherlands 3 Alexander sonne of Octavian and Margaret of Austria one of the most renowned Souldiers of his time Governour of the Netherlands for King Philip the 2d. 1592 4 Rainutio Farnesis sonne of Alexander and Mary of Portugal eldest daughter of Edward sonne to King Emanuel one of the competitors for that Crown 5 Edoardo Farnesis sonne of Rannutio Of the Revennes and
and specially so called is bouuded on the East with Wallisland and part of Piemont on the West with Daulphine and La Bresse on the South with some parts of Daulphine only and on the North with Switzerland and the Lake of Geneva The Country is fot the most part hilly and mountainous overspread with the branches of the Alpes healthy enough as commonly all Hill-countries are but not very fruitfull except some of the vallies which lie nearest to the Western Sun and the plain tract about the Lemanian Lake lying towards Geneva By reason of the difficult and narrow waies and those full of theeves it was once called Malvoy but the passages being opened by the cost and industry of the people and purged of theeves by good Laws and exemplary justice it gained the name of Savoy or Salvoy quasi salva via as Maleventum a town of the Realm of Naples on the like considerations got the name of Benevent By the Latins of these later times it is called Sabaudia a name not known to any of the antient writers who knew it by no other name than that of the Allobroges or Allobrogum Regio The Common people are naturally very dull and simple so gross of understanding for all their continuall converse with other Nations who take this Country in their way to Italie that they beleeve the Duke of Savoy to be the greatest Prince in the World and so unwarlike that a few men of another Nation well trained and disciplined will make a great number of them fly But on the other side the Gentry are of a very pleasing conversation civill ingenious and affecting all good exercise so as there may be dayly seen in Chamberie as much good company and as well-appointed and behaved as in many of the best Towns of France or Italie The number of both sorts taking in Piemont who are not interessed in the first part of this character are thought to be 800000. The chief Cities are 1 Chamberie situate on the banks of the River L' Arch in a very pleasant valley compassed round with Mountains the principal of the Dukedom on that side of the Alpes honoured with the Dukes Court when he resideth in this Countrey the ordinary seat of Justice and many neat houses which belong to the Gentry fortified of late with a strong Castle and sufficient Out-works but not recovered of the damage it received An o 1600 when it was forced by King Henry the fourth of France in his Wars with Savoy 2 Tarentuise an Archbishops See situate in the middest of the Mountains heretofore the Metropolis of the Province of the Alpes Graiae and Poeninae and called by Antoninus Civitas Centronum from the Centrones who inhabited about this tract 3 Lunebourg in the Country of the old Medulli betwixt which and Suse a town of Piemont lyeth the most ordinary road betwixt France and Italie 4 Aque belle situate at the foot of a craggy Rock 5 Ripaille in a sweet and fruitfull situation on the South-side of the Lake Lemanus the chief Town of the Signeury of Fossigme where Amadee the first Duke of Savoy having given over his Estate lived a Monastick life and was thence chosen Pope by the Fathers of Basil An o 1440. 6 Nun or Nevidum by some of the old Latins called Noviodunum an antient City layd desolate in or before the time of Julius Caesar repaired again in the Empire of Vespasian the seat of late times of the Bishops of Geneva since their expulsion out of that Citie 7 Bele on the Rhodanus or Rhosne 8 Albon founded about the year 456. 9 Conflans fortified by the late Dukes of Savoy but otherwise of small importance 10 Annunciada not much observable but for being the seat or place of Solâ—mnities for an order of Knights called by that name 11 Maurienne or St. John de Maurienne an Archbishops See situate in a valley of the Alpes so called the chief City of the old Medulli who dwelt hereabouts from whence the Princes of this house were first entituled Earles of Maurienne only 12 Charboneers a well-fortified place Here is also the strong Town and Fort of Montmelian which held out four moneths against Henry the fourth and many thousand shot of French Cannon An o 1600 and the impregnable Fortress of St. Catharines which yet submitted to that King the Government whereof being denied to the Duke of Byron plunged him in discontent and treason to the loss of his head The many Tribes in and about this mountainous Country of which we have mentioned some before pass generally in most antient Writers by the name of the Allobroges because the most powerfull of them all Of whom the first mention which vve find in story is the Attonement made by Annibal in his passage this way between Bruncus and his brother about the succession of the Kingdom Afterwards siding with the Salii a Gallick Nation in a War against Marseilles then a confederate of the Romans they drew that people on their backs by whom they were in fine subdued with the loss of no less than 120000 Galls under the severall conducts of Cn. Domitius Aenobarbus and Qu. Fabius Maximus by which last Bituitus or Bitultus King of the Auverni one of the confederates was led in triumph unto Rome The Country and people at that time were much alike Coelum atrox pervicaci ingenio a sharp air and stubborn people as it is in Florus not without commendation in the following Ages for discovering Catilines conspiracy by which the whole Roman state was in danger of ruin After which we find Coctius one of the Kings of these Allobroges to have been in speciall favour with Augustus Caesar affirmed to be the founder of 12 Cities in this mountainous tract whence it had the name of Alpes Coctiae and by that name reduced into the form of a Province by the Emperor Nero. In the declining of that Empire this Province became a part of the Kingdom of Burgundy and passed with other rights of that falling Kingdom to the Emperors of Germany by the gift of Rodolph the last King To them it did continue subject till the year 999 in which Berald of Saxony brother to Otho the third for killing Mary the lascivious Wife of his Uncle fled from Germany and setled himself here in France His sonne Humbert surnamed Blanchmanis that is White-hand was by the speciall favour of the Emperor Conradus Salicus made Earl of Maurienne which is a town of this Country An o 1027. And by this mariage with Adela the daughter and heir of the Marquess of Suse added that noble Marquisate one of the seven erected by Otho the second and given amongst the sonnes of Waleran unto his estate Humbert the second gained by conquest the Town and Territory of Tarentaise as Ame or Amadee the third did the Counties of Vaulx and Chablais An o 1240 or thereabouts Ame or Amadee the fourth by the Mariage of Sibille daughter and sole heir of Wric Earl
Estates as may be proved by many particulars in the Realm of England in which the Law of the Crown differeth very much from the Law of the Land as in the Case of Parceners the whole blood as our Lawyers call it the Tenure by courtesie and some others were this a time and place fit for it But to return again to France whether the Salique Law were in force or not it made not much unto the prejudice of King Edward the third though it served Philip the Long to exclude the Daughter of King Lewis Hutin and Charles the fair to do the Like with the Daughter of Philip as it did Philip of Valoys to disposess the whole Linage of King Philip Le Bel. Machiavel accounteth this Salique Law to be a great happiness to the French Nation not so much in relation to the unfitness of Women to Govern for therein some of them have gon beyond most men but because thereby the Crown of France is not indangered to fall into the hands of strangers Such men consider not how great Dominions may by this means be incorporate to the Crown They remember not how Maud the Empress being maried to Geofrie Earl of Anjou Tourain and Mayenne conveyed those Countries to the Diadem of England nor what rich and fertile Provinces were added to Spain by the match of the Lady Ioan to Arch-duke Philip Neither do they see those great advantages of power and strength which England now enjoyeth by the conjunction of Scotland proceeding from a like mariage Yet there is a saying in Spain that as a man should desire to live in Italy because of the civility and ingenious natures of the People and to dye in Spain because there the Catholique Religion is so sincerely professed so he should wish to be born in France because of the Nobleness of that Nation which never had any King but of their own Country The chief enemies to the French have been the English and Spaniards The former had here great possessions divers times plagued them and took from them their Kingdom but being called home by civill dissentions lost all At their departure the French scoffingly asked an English Captain When they would return Who feelingly answered When your sins be greater than ours The Spaniards began but of late with them yet have they taken from them Navarre Naples and Millain they displanted them in Florida poisoned the Dolphin of Viennois as it was generally conceived murdered their Souldiers in cold blood being taken Prisoners in the Isles of Tercera and by their Faction raised even in France it self drave Henry the third out of Paris and most of his other Cities and at last caused him to be murdered by laques Clement a Dominican Frier The like they intended to his Successour King Henry the fourth whose coming to the Crown they opposed to their utmost power and held a tedious War against him Concerning which last War when they sided with the Duke of Mayenne and the rest of those Rebels which called themselves the Holy League of which the Duke of Guise was the Author against the two Kings Henry the third and fourth a French Gentleman made this excellent allusion For being asked the cause of these civill broiles he replyed they were Spania and Mania seeming by this answer to signifie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 penury and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 furie which are indeed the causes of all intestine tumults but covertly therein implying the King of Spain and the Duke of Mayenae In former times as we read in Cominaeus there were no Nations more friendly than these two the Kings of Castile and France being the neerest confederated Princes in Christendome For their league was between King and King Realm and Realm Subject and subject which they were all bound under great curses to keep inviolable But of late times especially since the beginning of the wars between Charles the fifth and Francis the first for the Dukedom of Millain there have not been greater animâ—sities nor more implacable enmities betwixt any Nations than betwixt France and Stain which seconded by the mutuall jealousies they have of each other and the diversitie of Constellations under which they live hath produced such dissimilitude betwixt them in all their wayes that there is not greater contrariety of temper carriage and affections betwixt any two Nations in the world than is between these Neighbours parted no otherwise from one another than by passable Hils First in the Actions of the Soul the one Active and Mercurial the other Speculative and Saturaine the one sociable and discoursive the other reserved and full of thought the one so open that you cannot hire him to keep a secret the other so close that all the Rhetorick in the world cannot get it out of him Next in their Fashion and Apparrell the French weares his hair long the Spaniard short the French goes thin and open to the very shirt as if there were continuall Summer the Spaniard so wrapt up and close as if all were Winter the French begins to button downward and the Spaniard upwards the last alwayes constant to his Fashion the first intent so much on nothing as on new Fancies of Apparrel Then for their Gate the French walk fast as if pursued on an Arrest the Spaniard slowly as if newly come out of a Quartane Ague the French goe up and dowu in clusters the Spaniards but by two and two at the most the French Lacqueys march in the Rere and the 〈◊〉 alwayes in the Van the French sings and danceth as he walks the streets the Spaniards in a grave and solemn posture as if he were going a Procession The like might be observed of their tune their speech and almost every passage in the life of Man For which I rather choose to refer the Reader to the ingenious James Howels book of Instructious for Travell than insist longer on it here Onely I adde that of the two so different humours that of the Spaniard seems to be the more approvable Insomuch as the Neapolitans Millanois and Sicilians who have had triall of both Nations choose rather to submit themselves to the proud and severe yoke of the Spaniards than the lusts and insolencies of the French not sufferable by men of even and wel-balanced spirits And possible enough it is that such of the Netherlands as have of late been wonne to the Crown of France will finde so little comfort in the change of their Masters as may confirm the residue to the Crown of Sâ—ain to which they naturally belong The chief Mountains of this Countrey next to the Pyrenees which part France from Spain the Jour or Jura which separates it from Savoy and Switzerland and the Vauge or Vogesus which divides it from Lorrein are those which Caesar calleth Gebenna Ptolomie Cimmeni being the same which separate Auvergae from Langucdoc called therefore the Mountains of Auvergn the onely ones of note which are peculiar to this Continent of France which for the
Blais and Champagne and by him given together with the Earldom of Blais to Theobald or Thibâ—uld his Eldest Sonne his second Sonne named Stephen succeeding in Champagne who in the year 1043 was vanquished and slain by Charles Martell Earl of Anjou and this Province seized on by the Victor who afterwards made Tours his ordinarie Seat and Residence Part of which Earldom it continued till the seizure of Anjou and all the rest of the English Provinces in France on the sentence passed upon King Iohn After which time dismembred from it it was conferred on Iohn the fourth Sonne of King Charles the sixth with the stile and title of Duke of Tourein and he deceasing without Issue it was bestowed with the same title on Charles the eldest Sonne of Lewis Duke of Orleans in the life of his Father the same who afterwards suceeding in the Dukedom of Orleans was taken Prisoner by the English at the Battle of Agincourt kept Prisoner 25 years in England and finally was the Father of King Lewis the 12th 3 On the North side of Anjou betwixt it and Normandie lieth the Province of MAINE The chief Towns whereof are 1 Mans Cenomanensium Civitas in Antoninus by Ptolomie called Vindinum seated on the meeting of Huine and Sartre the principall of the Province and a Bishops See most memorable in the elder times for giving the title of an Earl to that famous Rowland the Sisters Sonne of Charlemaâ—gne one of the Twelve Peers of France the Subject of many notable Poems under the name of Orlando Inamorato Orlando Furioso besides many of the old Romances who was Earl of Mans. 2 Mayenne on the banks of a river of the same name Meduana in Latine the title of the second branch of the House of Guise 1 famous for Charles Duke of Mayenne who held out for the Lâ—ague against Henry the 4th A Prince not to be equalled in the Art of War onely unfortunate in employing it in so ill a cause 3 Vitrun upon the edge of Breagne of which little memorable 4 La Val not far from the head of the River Mayenne of note for giving both name and title to the Earls of Laval an antient Familie allied unto the houses of Vendosme Bretagne Anjou and others of the best of France Few else of any note in this Countie which once subsisting of its self under its own naturall Lords and Princes was at last united to the Earldom of Anjou by the mariage of the Lady Guiburge Daughter and Heir of Helie the last Earl hereof to Eoulk Earl of Anjou Anno 1083. or thereabouts the Fortunes of which great Estate it hath alwayes followed But as for Anjou it self the principall part of this goodly Patrimonie it was by Charles the Bald conferred on Robert a Satâ—n Prince for his valour shewn against the Normans Anno 870. Which Robert was Father of Eudes King of France Richard Duke of Burgundie and Robert who succeeded in the Earldom of Anjou Competitor with Charles the Simple for the Crown it self as the next Heir to his Brother Eudes who died King thereof Slain in the pursute of this great quarrell he left this Earldom with the title of Earl of Paris and his pretensions to the Crown unto Hugh his Sonne surnamed the Great who to make good his claim to the Crown against Lewis the 4th Sonne of Charles the Simple conferred the Earldom of Anjou and the Countrie of Gastinois on Geofrie surnamed Ghrysogonelle a renowned Warriour and a great stickler in his cause in whose race it continued neer 300 years How the two Counties of Main and Tourein were joyned to it hath been shewn before Geofrie the Sonne of Foulk the 3d maried Maude Daughter to Henry the first of England and Widow of Henry the 4th Emperour from whom proceeded Henry the second King of England and Earl of Anjou But Iohn his Sonne forfeiting his Estates in France as the French pretended Anjou returned unto the Crown and afterwards was conferred by King Lewis the 9th on his Brother Charles who in right of Beatrix his Wife was Earl of Provence and by Pope Urban the 4th was made King of Naples and Sicilie Afterwards it was made a Dukedom by King Charles the fifth in the person of Lewis of France his second Brother to whom this fair Estate was given as second Sonne of King Iohn of France the Sonne of Phâ—lip de Valois and consequently the next Heir to Charles de Valois the last Earl hereof the King his Brother yeelding up all his right unto him Finally it returned again unto the Crown in the time of Lewis the 11th The Earls and Dukes hereof having been vested with the Diadems of severall Countries follow in this Order The Earls of Anjou of the Line of Saxonie 870. 1 Robert of Saxonie the first Earl of Anjou 875. 2 Robert II. Competitour for the Crown of France with Charles the Simple as Brother of Eudes the last King 922. 3 Hugh the great Lord of Gastiâ—ois Earl of Paris Constable of France and Father of Hugh Capet 926. 4 Geofrie â—hrysogonelle by the Donation of Hugh the great whose partie he had followed in the War of France with great fidelitie and courage 938. 5 Foulk Earl of Anjou the Sonne of Geofrie 987. 6 Geofrie II. surnamed Martell for his great valour 1047. 7 Geofrie III. Nephew of Geofrie 2. by one of his Sisters 1075. 8 Foulk II. Brother of Geofrie 3. gave Gastinois which was his proper inheritance to King Philip the first that by his help he might recover the Earldom of Anjou from his part wherein he was excluded by his Brother Geofrie 1080. 9 Geofrie IV. Sonne of Foulk 2. 1083. 10 Foulk III. Brother of Geofrie King of Hierusalem in the right of Melisend his Wife 1143. 11 Geofrieâ— V. surnamed Plantagenet 1150. 12 Henry the II. King of England Sonne of Earl Geofrie and Maud his Wife Daughter of King Henry the first 1162 13 Geofrie VI. third Son of King Henry the 2d made Earl of Anjou on his mariage with Constance the Heir of Bretagne 1186. 14 Arthur Sonne of Geofrie and Constance 1202. 15 Iohn King of England succeeded on the death of Arthur dispossed of his Estates in France by Philip Augustus immediately on the death of Arthur Earls and Dukes of Anjou of the Line of France 1262. 1 Charles Brother of King Lewis the 9th Earl of Anjou and Provence King of Naples and Sicilia c. 1315. 2 Charles of Valois Sonne of Philip the 3d Earl of Anjou in right of his Wife Neece of the former Charles by his Sonne and Heir of the same name the Father of Philip de Valois French King 1318. 3 Lewis of Valois the second Sonne of Charles died without Issue Anno 1325. 1376. 4 Lewis of France the 2d Sonne of King Iohn the Sonne of Philip de Valois created the first Duke of Anjou by King Charles his Brother and adopted by Queen Ioan of Naples King of Naples Sicil and
second Sonne of Alan Stewart Earl of Lennox in Scotland for his many Signal Services against the English and is still the hnourarie title and possession of the second Branch of that noble and illustrious Familie But as for Berry it self and the fortunes of it we may please to know that in the time of Hugh Capet one Godfrey was Governour of this Province whose Posteritie enjoyed that Office under the Kings of France till the daies of King Henry the first of whom the Inheritance and Estate was bought by Harpiâ— one of the Descendants of that Godfrey But long he had not held it as Proprietarie in his own right when desirous to make one in the Holy Wars he sold it back again to King Philip the first the better to furnish himself for that expedition Anno 1096. to be united to the Crown after his decease Since which time the Soveraigntie of it hath been alwayes in the Crown of France but the possession and Revenue sometimes given with the title of Duke for a portion to some of the Kings younger Sonnes to be holden of them in Appennage under the Soveraigntie and command of the Donor and his Successors the last which so enjoyed it being Charles the Brother of Lewis the 11th after whose death it was united to the Crown never since separated from it save that it gave the title of Duchesse to the Ladie Margaret sister of Francis the first maried after to the Duke of Savoy 9 The Dukedom of BOVRBON THE Dukedom of BOVRBON in the full power and extent thereof comprehended 〈◊〉 Fâ—rrest Beauâ—jolois and auvergâ—e all now reverted to the Crown 1 BOVRBONOIS hath on the East the Dukedom of Burgunay on the West 〈◊〉 on the North La Beausse and a corner of Gastinâ—is on the South Auvergne The Countrie very well wooded and of excellent pasturage which makes the people more intent to grazing and seeding Cattel than they are to tillage and is watered with the Rivers of Loire Yonne and 〈◊〉 which are counted navigable besides Aron Acolin Lixentes Lanbois and some lesser streames The antient Inhabitants were the Hedâ—i who being wasted in their Wars against the Romans a great part of their Countrie was by Julius Caesar conferred on the Bou a German Nation who coming with the Helvetians into Gaule and unwilling upon their defeat to go home again were by him planted in this tract It is divided into the Higher and the Lower In the Higher which is more mountainous and hilly there is no other Town of note than that of Montaigne situate in the Countie of Combraille the Signencie as I take it of that Michâ—el de Montaigne the Authour of the Book of Essaies But in the Lower Bourbonoâ—s are 1 Molins esteemed the Center of all France situate on the Allâ—er Bailliage and the chief Town of this Countrie the River yielding great plenty of Fish but of Salmons specially the Town adorned with a fair Castle and that beautified with one of the finest Gardens in France in which are many Trees of Limmons and Oranges 2 Bourbon Archenband and 3 Bourbon Ancie the former of the two seated upon the Loâ—re and giving name to the whole Province of great resort by reason of its medicinal waters 4 S. Porcin and 5 Varennes Ganat upon the frontiers of Auvergn 6 Chancelle 7 Charroux 8 â—alisse 9 Souvigni 10 St. Amand c. In the North part of Bourbonois but not accounted any part or member of it lieth the Town of Nevers in Latine Nivernium from whence the Countrie round about is called NIVERNOIS A Town of good esteem but not very great the reputation which it hath proceeding partly from some mines of Iron interspersed with silver which are found therein and partly for the Earls and Dukes from hence denominated The first whereof was Landri of the house of Bourgogne Anno 1001. Passing through many Families it came at last again to the house of Bourgogne and from that unto the Earles of Flanders by the mariage of Yoland of Bourgogne to Robert of Bethune Earl of Flanders Anno 1312 whose Sonne named Lewis maried the Heir of Rethel Together with the rest of the rights of Flanders it came again by mariage to the Dukes of Burgundie conveied by Elizabeth Daughter and Heir of Iohn of Bourgogne Earl of Nevers second Sonne of Philip the good Duke of Burgundie to Adâ—lph Duke of Cleves her Husband Anno 1484 and by Henrietta Sister and Heir of Francis de Cleves the second Duke of Never and the last of that Familie to her Husband Lewis de Gonzaga third Sonne of Frederick Duke of Mantua Anno 1563. whose Sonne Charles succeeded his Father and Mother in the Dukedom of Nevers and Vincent of Genzaga his Cousen german in the Dukedom of Mantua The Armes of these Dukes Azure within a Border Compone Gules and Argent 3 Flower de Lyces Or. 2 FORREST is bounded on the East with Beau-jolois on the West with Auvergne on the North with Bourbonois and on the South with a part of Languedock The Countrie populous and large but not very fruitful hillie and mountainous much of the nature of the Wood-Lands The Air a little of the coldest to afford good Wines but that sufficiently recompensed by abundance of pitcoal by which they have good fires at a very cheap rate The people are conceived to be none of the wisest but withall very greedy and covetous of gain The chief Towns in it are 1 Mont-Brison seated on the Loyre 2 Feurs seated on the same River called antiently Forum Segusianorum the chief Citie of the Segusiani or Scrusiani whom Caesar and others mention in this part of Gaule 3 St. Stephen or Estienne in Feurian neer the head of that River 4 St. Germans 5 St. Rombert 6 St. Bâ—nnet le Chastean 7 St. Guermier c. of which little memorable This Countrie of Forrest was anciently a part of the Earldome of Lyons dismembred from it at or about the same time with Beau-jolois and was held by a long succession of Earls Proprietaries of it as a state distinct till Regâ—aud Lord of Forrest the Sonne of Earl Guy by the mariage of Isabel Daughter and heir of Humbert Earl of Beau-jeu joyned them both together which was about the year 1265 parted again after his decease Anno 1â—80 Guy being his eldest Sonne succeeding in Forrest and Lewis his second in Beau-jeu How they became united in the house of Burbon we shall see anon 3 BEAV-JOLOIS so called from Beau-jeu the chief Town hereof taketh up the tract of ground betwixt the Loire and the Soasne and betwixt Lionois and Forrest A Countrie of no great extent but verie remarkeable for the Lords and Princes of it who have been men of great eminence in their severall times The chief Town of it is Beau-jeu beautified with a goodly Caâ—tle pleasantly seated on the brow of a rising Mountain from whence perhaps it took the name as the great Keep in Farnham Castle was in
in the North-west towards Xantoigne the seat of the Eugolismenses in the time of the Romans now a Bishops See seated upon the River of Charente with which it is almost encompassed the other side being defended by a steep and rocky mountain A Town of great importance when possessed by the English being one of their best out-works for defence of Bourdeaux one of the Gates hereof being to this day called Chande seems to have been the work of Sir Iohn Chandoâ—s Banneret one of the first Founders of the most noble Order of the Garter then Governour hereof for King Edward the third Being recovered from the English by Charles the fifth it was bestowed on Iohn the third Sonne of Lewis Duke of Orleans Grandfather of King Francis the first with the title of an Earldom onely Anno 1408. Afterwards made a Dukedom in the person of the said King Francis before his comming to the Crown And for the greater honour of it as much of the adjoyning Countrie was laid unto it as maketh up a Territorie of about 24 French Leagues in length and 15 in bredth Within which circuit are the Towns of Chasteau-netâ—f and Coignac on the River of Charente 3 Roche Faulcon 4 Chabannes 5 Meriville 6 Villebois c. Since that united to the Crown it hath of late times given the title of Duke to Charles Earl of Auvergne Anno 1618. The Base Sonne of Charles the ninth consequently extracted from the house of Angolesme 3 QUERCU is encompassed about with Limosin Perigort Languedoc and Auvergne A populous Countrie for the bigness being one of the least in all France and very fruitfull withall though somewhat mountainous The principall places in it 1 Cahors the chief Citie of the Cadurcâ— in the times of the Romans still a great strong and well traded Town and the See of a Bishop who is also the Temâ—orall Lord of it seated upon the River Loch From hence descended and took name the noble Family of Chaworth De Cadurcis in Latine out of which by a Daughter of Patrick de Cadurcis Lord of Ogmore and Kidwelly in the Marches of Wales maried to Henry the third Earl of Lancaster come the Kings of England and most of the Royall houses in Europe 2 Montalban a Bishops See also built on the top of an high mountain and so well fortified by all advantages of Art that it is thought to be the most defensible of any in France of which it gave sufficient proof in that notable resistance which it made to King Lewis the thirteenth in his Wars against those of the Religion Anno 1622. 3 Soulac upon the River Dordonne 4 Nigrepellisse another of the Towns possessed by the Protestant party reduced to the obedience of King Lewis the thirteenth Anno 1621. but in Novemb. following they murdered the Kings Garrison and the next yeer denied admission to the King Taken at last Anno 1622. by the King in person the punishment did exceed the Crime For the men were not only killed and hanged as they had deserved but many of the women also some of them having their secret parts rammed with Gun-powder and so torn in peeces by the unpattern'd Barbarism of the merciless and revengefull Souldiers 5 Chasteau-Sarasin a strong Town on the Garond 6 Nazaret 7 Burette c. The antient Inhabitants of these 3 Provinces were the Lemovices the Petrocorii and the Cadurci before-mentioned of which the Lemovices and Cadurci were cast into the Province of Aquitania Prima the Petrocorii and Engolismenses into Aquitania Secunda In the declining of that Empire seized on by the Gothes but from them speedily extorted by the conquering French Afterwards when King Henry the third of England released his right in the Provinces of Normandy Poictou Anjou Tourein and Maine Lewis the ninth to whom this release was made gave him in satisfaction of all former interesses 300000 l. of Anjovin money the Dukedom of Guienne the Countie of Xaintoigne as far as to the River of Charent with the Province of Limosin And on the Capitulations made betwixt Edward the third of England and John of France then Prisoner to him Perigort and Quenou amongst other conditions were consigned over to the English discharged of all Resort and Homage to the Crown of France After which times respectively they remained all three in the possession of the English untill their finall expulsion by King Charles the seventh never since that dismembred from the Crown thereof 14 AQUITAIN THe Dukedom of AQUITAIN the greatest and goodliest of all France contained the Provinces of Xaintogne 2 Guienne 3 Gascoigne with the Isles of Oleron and Rees and other Islands in the Aquitainick or Western Ocean 1 XAINTOIGNE is bounded on the East with Limosin and Perigort on the West with the Aquitaâ—ick Ocean on the North with Poictou and on the South with Guienne So called from Sainctes one of the Principall Cities of it as that from the Santones a Nation here inhabiting in the time of the Romans whose chief Citie it was The River of Charente running thorow the middle of it and so on the North border of it emptieth it self into the Ocean just opposite to the Isle of Oleron having first taken in the Seugne and the Boutonne two lesser Rivers The chief Towns of it are 1 Sainctes by Ptolomie called Mediolanum by Antonine Civitas Santonum seated upon the Charente a Bishops See and the Seneschalsie for the Countrie 2 S. John d' Angelie situate on the Boutonne a Town impregnably fortified whereof it hath given sufficient testimonie in the Civill Wars of France about Religion 3 Marans a little port but in a marishy and inconvenient situation 4 Bourg sur la mer upon the Dordonne which for the wideness of it is here called a Sea 5 Retraicte seated near the confluence of the two great Rivers the Garond and the Dordonne 6 Blaye the most Southern Town of all this Countrie defended with a strong Castle and a good Garrison for securing the passage unto Bourdeaux this Town being seated on the very mouth of the River which goeth up to it 7 Rochell Rupella in the present Latine but antiently called Santonum Portus as the chief Haven of the Santones a well noted Port in the most northern part of Xaintoigne from whence the Countrie hereabouts is called ROâ—HELOIS The Town seated in the inner part of a fair and capacious Bay the entrance of which is well assured by two very strong Forts betwixt which there is no more space than for the passage of a good ship every night closed up with a massie Chain and the whole Town either environed with deep marishes or fortified with such Bulwarks trenches and other works of modern Fortification that it was held to be as indeed it was the safest retreat for those of the Reformed Religion in the time of their troubles as may be seen by the storie of it which in brief is thus At the end of the second Civill Wars Anno 1568. Many
of the Barbarians then confederate with him would become too insolent gave him leave to retire home through Italy which he â—arassed with Fire and Sword murdering the People and ruining the Towns so that he was then and long after called Flagellum Dei Aetius notwithstanding this good service was by Valentinian the Emperour of the West rewarded with the loss of his head By which act the Emperour as one truly told him had cut off his right hand with his left And indeed so it happened For not long after he himself was by Maximus murdered and the Empire of Rome irrecoverably destroyed Now that these Fields say here abouts and not about Chalons in the Province of Champaigne as some learned and industrious men have been of opinion I am assured by these three reasons First the improbabilitie that Aetius having got the victory should suffer such a vast and numerous Army to pass through the whole length of France from one end to the other and having wasted all the Countrie to break into Italy and secondly the testimony of â—ornandes an antient writer who telleth us first that before this fight Attila had besiedged and distressed the City of Orleans and therefore was not vanquished in the fields of Chalons and then that immediately upon the Victory Torismund the King of the Gothes his Father Theodoriâ— being slain in Campis Catalaunicis ubi pugnavâ—rat Regia Majestate subvectus Toloâ—am ingreditur being proclamed King in those very fields entred with great Statâ— and Triumph into Tholouse The Regall Citie at that time of the Gothish Kingdom Which plainly proves the place of battle to be neer this City though possible by the name Campi Catalaunici the great length and breadth thereof considered we are to understand the whole Country of Languedoc The old Inhabitants of this Countrie besides the Helvii the 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 Vages and Albigenses formerly remembred were the Agâ—â—enses 〈◊〉 Gâ—bâ—les Volcae and the Arâ—comici all which together with some others of lâ—sser note made the Province of Narbonensis Prima whereof the Metropolis was Narbon In the falling of the Râ—man Empire assigned with the rest of Narbonensis some part of Spain to Aâ—â—â—ulfus King of the 〈◊〉 whom Hoâ—orius by this gift bought out of â—talie The Gothes having got so good footing in Gauâ— enlarged their bounds by taking in the most part of Aquitain Quercu and 〈◊〉 but forced to quâ—t them to the French who Conquered that from them which they got from the â—omans and shut them up within the limits of their first Donation after this they 〈◊〉 as fast in France as they thrived in Spain losing Provence to Theodoric King of the 〈◊〉 Gâ—thes or Gothes of Itali Whose successour Amalâ—sunta fearing a War from Greece resigned her intereâ—s in Provence to Theodobert the French King of Mets. Nothing now left unto the Gales of their Gallick purchases but this Languedock only and this they held as long as they had any thing to do in Europe but lost it finally to the Moors with all Spain it self Recovered from the â—oors by Charles Martel and added to the rest of the French Empire it was by Charles the great given to one Thursin of the race of the antient Kings with the title of the Earl of Tholâ—uâ—e on condition that he would be Christned How long it continued in his Race it is hard to say the story and succession of these Earls being very imperfect not setled in a way of Lineall Deâ—cent till the time of Raimâ—nd the eighth Earl Brother to another Raimond Earl of St. Giles a Town of Guienne whose Grand-child Hugh being an adventurer in the Wars of the Holy Land and wanting money to provide himself for that expedition sold his Estate herein to his Vncle Raimond the Earl of St. Giles before mentioned From this time forward we find these Earls to be as often called the Earls of St. Giles as the Earls of Tholouse and by that name frequently remembred in the Eastern stories but not without some mark of infidelity as if not sound and through-paced to the Cause on foot A punishment whereof the short continuance of this house is supposed to be For Raimond the Great Earl of Tâ—olouse St. Giles and Tripoli in the Holy-Land had three Sonnes all of them succeeding the first two issuless the third the Father of Raimond the Father of another Raimond who proved a great maintainer of the Albigenses and in pursuance of that Cause murdered the Legat of the Pope sent to Excommunicate him strangled his own Brother Baldwin because he found him not inclinable to his opinions For this cause Warred upon and Vanquished by Simon de Monfort Father of Simon de Monfort the great Earl of Leicester and after many troubles and continuall Wars left his estate and quarrell to his Sonne named also Raimond the last Earl of this House Who proving also a strong Patron of these Albigenses was condemned for a Heretick cursed by the Pope and persecuted by the French Kings Philip the second Lewis the 8th and St. Lewis This last willing to make a peaceable composition maried his Brother Alfonso to Jane daughter and heir to Count Raimond with this clause That if it should happen these two to die without issue then Languedoc should be incorporated to the Crown Raimond agreed the mariage was solemnized Anno 1249. They both died without issue 1270 and Languedoc returned to the Crown in the dayes of Philip the third The names and Succession of these Earls in regard they were Peers of France great Princes and for the most part men of action take in order thus A. Ch. The Earls of Tholouze 779. 1 Tursiâ— the first Earl of Tholouze 803. 2 William made Earl by Charlemaigne Peer of France at the first foundation of that Order 828. 3 Isauret Thursin Sonne of Thursin the first Earl 841 4 Bertrand Sonne of Isauret Thursin 894. 5 William II. of some other house 919. 6 Ponce a great Justiciar but of unknown race 963. 7 Almaric of as obscure parentage as Ponce 1003. 8 Raymond the Brother of Raymond Earl of S. Giles advanced by Robert King of France 1052. 9 William III. Duke of Aquitaine succeded in right of his Wiâ—e the Daughter of Raymond 1086. 10 Hugh â—rmon Sonne of William the 3d sold his Estate and Earldom to his Uncle Raymond 1096. 11 Raymond II. Earl of S. Gâ—les Tholouzeâ— and Tripoli of great note in the Warre of the Holy-Land 12 Bertrand Sonne of Raymond the Great 13 William IV. Brother of Bertrand 1101. 14 Alfonso Brother of William the fourth 1146. 15 Raymond III. Sonne of Alfonso 1185. 16 Raymond IV. Sonne of Raymond the 3d the Great Patron of the Albigenses 1222. 17 Raymond V. Sonne of Raymond the 4th vanquished and compounded with by King Lewis the Saint 1249. 18 Alfonso II. Brother of St. Lewis and Husband of Ioan. daughter and heir of the last Raymond after whose death and the decease of Ioan the
Iarsey by the Dean thereof Suffragan heretofore to the Bishop of Constance now to the Bishop of Winchester in Gernsey by a mixt Consistory of Clergie and Lay-Elders according to the new Modell of Geneva introduced in both Ilands Anno 1565. being the eighth yeer of Queen Elizabeth and abolished again in Iarsey Anno 1619. being the 17th of King James But to return again to the storie of France thorow which we have now made our Progress both by Sea and Land It took this name from the Frankes or French a German People who in the War of the Roman Empire possessed themselves of it not mentioned by that name by Caesar Strabo Ptolomie or any of the more antient Writers Nor was it taken up by them for ought appeareth till an hundred years after the death of Ptolomie the first express mention of them occurring in the reign of Gallienus then ransacking the coasts of Gaul and joyning with Posthumus the Rebell against that Emperour Afterwards often spoken of in the course of the Roman stories under the Empire of Claudius Probus Dioclesian and the Sonnes of Constantine though only in the way of pillage and depredation Their habitation in those times was from the meeting of the 〈◊〉 with the River Moenus not far from Frankford where they confined upon the Almans to the German Ocean conteining the particular Nations of the Bructeri Sicambri Salii Cherusci Frisit and Teucteri besides some others of less note and taking up the Countries of Westphalen Bâ—rgen Marck and so much of Cleve as lieth on the Dutch side of the Rhene the Lantgravedom of Hassia the Dutchie of Gueldres the Provinces of Zutphen Utrecht Over-Yssell both Frieslands and so much of Hâ—lland as lieth on the same side of the Rhene United in the name of Frankes to shew that Libertie or Freedom from the yoke of servitude which the Romans had endeavoured to impose upon them and wherewith all the Nations on the other side of the River were supposed to suffer Governed by Dukes till the yeer 420. when Pharamond first took upon himself the name of King Meroveus their third King having dispossessed the Sonns of Cledion the Sonne and Successor of Pharamond was the first that set foot in Gaul when seeing the Romans on the one side put to the worst by Theodorick and the Gothes and on the other side by the Burgundians they passed over the Rhene and possessed themselves of the Province of Germania Secunda containing all the Belgicâ— Provinces on the French side of that River together with the District of Colen Gulick and the rest of Cleve them passing in the accompt of Gaul His victories and fortunes were inherited by Chilperick his Sonne Successour who added Picardy Champaine and the Isle of France to the former conquest took Paris made it the seat of his Kingdom Afterwards when they had fully seated themselves here and thereby opened a free passage to the rest of the Country they quickly made themselves Masters of al that which formerly had been possessed by the Romans whom they outed of their last hold in Soissons under Clovis their fift King who also took Aquitain and the parts adjoyning from the Visi-Gothes or Gothes of Spain for these and many signal victories against the Almains deservedly surnamed the Great but greater in submitting to the Faith of CHRIST and receiving Baptism than by all his Victories Childebert and Clotaire the Sonnes of this Clovis vanquished the Burgundians adding that Kingdom to their own as Theodebert his Grandchild King of Mets or Austrasia did the Country of Provence resigned unto him by Amâ—lasunta Queen of the Ostro Gothes or Gothes of Italy by whom it had been wrested from the Gothes of Spain In the person of Clotaire the second the Realm of France improvidently dismembred into many Kingdoms amongst the Children of Clovis the first that is to say the Kingdoms of France Soissons Orleans and Austrasia of which Orleans and Austrasia were of long continuance were again united Whose Successor Dagobert the first was the last considerable Prince of the Mergovignians After this time the reputation of the French Kings of this line began to diminish scarce doing any thing that might ennoble and commend them to succeeding Ages or leaving any monument behind them but their empty Names which I shall represent in the following catalogue according to their severall times first taking notice that though the Kings of this first race did many times divide the Kingdom as before was said yet none of them were called Kings of France but those that had their Royall seat in the City of Paris the rest being called only Kings of Soissons Mets or Orleans according to the Name of their Principall Cities And therefore leaving those to their proper places we will here only take a Survey of those who passed in common estimate for the Kings of France The Kings of France of the French or Merovignian Line 449 1 Meroveus Master of the horse to Clodion the Sonne of Pharamond from whom this Line of Kings were called Merovignians 10. 459. 2 Chilperic the Sonne of Morove 26. 485. 3 Clovis the first Christian King of the French 30. 515. 4. Childebert eldest Sonne of Clovis his other Brethren Reigning in their severall places 45. 560. 5 Clotaire Brother of Childebert first King of the Soissons afterwards sole King of the French 565. 6 Cherebert Sonne of Clotaire 574. 7 Chilperic II. King of Scissons and Brother of Cherebert whom he succeeded in the Kingdom 14. 588. 8 Clotaire II. Sonne of Chilperic the second 44. 632. 9 Dagobert Sonne of Clotaire the second 14. 645. 10 Clovis II. Sonne of Dagobert 17. 663. 11 Clotaire III. Sonne of Clotaire the second 4. 667 12 Chilperic III. Sonne of Clotaire the third 680 13 Theodorick Brother of Chilperic 14. 694 14 Clovis III. Sonne to Theodorick 5. 698. 15 Childebert II. Brother to Clovis 18. 716. 16 Dagobert II. Sonne of Childebert the second 722. 17 Chilperic IV. opposed by Charls Martel in behalf of Clotaire the fourth 5. 727 17 Theodoric II. Sonne of Dagobert the second 742 19 Chilperic V. Sonne of Theodoric the last of the Merovignian Family Deposed by Pepin Sonne to Charles Martel the Pope giving approbation to his proceedings This Pepin and his Father Martel were Mayres of the Palace to the former Kings which Mayres were originally Controllers of the Kings House and had nothing to do with the affairs of State But Clotaire the third to ease himself and his successours of a burden so weighty made the Mayres Vicars generall of his Empire From henceforward the Kings followed their pleasures shewing themselves only on May-day and then being seated in a Chariot adorned with Flowers and drawn by four Oxen. As for the Mayâ—e he openeth packets heareth and diâ—patcheth forrein Ambassadours giveth remedy to the complaints of the Subjects maketh Laws repealeth them An authority somewhat like that of the Praefecti Praetoâ—io in the declining times of the
his Forces mnst be very great and would be greater than they are but that they dare not trust the common People with the use of Arms for fear they should refuse to pay the accustomed Taxes or forsake their Trades or turn their Farms back upon their Landlords But for an 〈◊〉 of what a French King is able to doe in this kind It is said that Charles the 9th in Garrisons and severall Armies in the field had 15000 Horse and 100000 Foot of his own Nation besides 50000 Horse and Foot of Swisses Germans and others And for his standing Forces it is said by others that he is able to bring into the field for a sudden service no less than 60 Companies of Men of Arms 20 Cornets of Light-Horse and five Companies of harquibusiers on horse-back which amount to 10000 in the totall together with 20 Ensignes of French Foot and 40 of Swâ—sses and yet leave his Garrisons well manned and his Forts and Frontires well and sufficiently defended What the Revenues are in a State so subject to the will and pleasure of the King it is hard to say being also more or lesse as the times and their occasions vary according unto which the Revenues of this Crown have much altered Lewis the 11th gathered one Million and a half of Crowns Francis the first brought them to 3 Millions his successor Henry the 2d to six Charleâ— the 9th to seven Henry the 3d to ten afterward they were inhanced to fifteen And in the time of Henry the 4th the Treasurer of the Duke of Mayenne did not shame to say That his Master had more improved the Revenue of France than any King had done before him advancing it from two to five Millions Sterling A fair Intrado but far short of those infinite sums which are extorted from the People whereof a tenth part comes not cleerly to the Kings Exchequer But what need more be said than that of Lewis the 11th who used to say that France was a Medow which he mowed every year and as often as he listed and indeed their Impositions cannot but be great since there are no less than 30000 under-officers imployed to gather them Hence I beleeve sprung that wish of Maximilian the Emperour which was that he if it were possible might be a God and that having two Sons the eldest might be a God after him and the second King of France And this was also the cause that in the Wars between Charles the fift and Francis the first when the Emperours Herald had bid defiance to the Kingâ— from Charles Emperour of Germany King of Castile Leon Aragon and Naâ—les Arch-duke of Austria c. with the rest of his titles The King commanded the Heralds to return the challenge from Francis King of France commanding them to repeat France as many times as the other had petty Earldoms in his stile And to say truth considering the compactedness thereof within it self the admirable fertility of the soyl the incredible multitudes of People and the conveniency of situation betwixt Spain Italy and Germany the name of France might ballance all the others titles The chief Orders of Knighthood in this Kingdom were first of the Gennet founded by Charles Martel Mayr of the French Palace and so called either from Jane his Wife as Haillan would have it or from the Gennets of Spaine over whom he triumphed at the battell of Tours as Bellay writeth It ended in the dayes of S. Lewis The Knights of the order wore a Ring wherein was engraven the form of a Gennet 2 Of the 〈◊〉 or twelve Peers so called quasi pares inter se said to be instituted by Charles the Great in his Wars against the Saracens Six of these were of the Clergy 1 The Archbishop and Duke of Rhemes 2 the Bishop and Duke of Laon 3 the Bishop and Duke of Langres 4 the Bishop and Earl of Beavâ—â— 5 the Bishop and Earl of Nayon and 6 the Bishop and Earl of Chaulons and six others of the temporalitie 1 The Duke of Burgundy 2 Duke of Normandy 3 Duke of 〈◊〉 4 Earl of Tholouse 5 Earl of Champagne 6 Earl of Flanders These are they so much memoriz'd in the Legends of the old French Writers but falsly and on no good ground it being impossible that those should be of the foundation of Charles the Great in whose time there were none of those Dukes and Earls except the Earl of Tholouse onely Therefore with better reason it may be thus concluded on that the twelve Peers were instituted by Charles the Great though that honour not by him appropriated unto any particular Estates and Titles but left at large to be disposed of according to the personal merit of the best deservers it being most sure that neither Rowland nor Oliver nor Duke Naâ—mes nor Ogier the Dane had any of the titles abovementioned But for the fixing of this dignitie in the Dukedoms and Earldoms before named it is said by some to have been done by Hugh Capet other referre it to Lewis the 7th in whose times all those Dukes and Earls were in Rerum natura But by whomsoever first ordained the Temporall Paâ—rrâ—â—â— are extinct and others of no definite number created by the Kings as they see occasion to gratifie a well deserver Onely at Coronations and such publick Triumphs the custom is to choose some principall persons out of the Nobility to represent those Temporall Peers as at the â—orona ion of Lewis the 13th the places of the Temporall Peers were supplied by the princes of 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 the Earl of Soissons the Dukes of Nevers Elbeuf and Espernon the Ecclesiasticall Peers remaining as at first they were So that though Charles the Great might devise this Order and institute the first twelve Peers as is commonly said yet was not that high honour fixed in any of those Temporall Princes till the times succeeding but given to men of severall houses according to the Kings pleasure and their well deservings 3 Of the 〈◊〉 begun by John King of France Anno 1352. They wore about their necks a coâ—lar of gold at the which hanged a Star the word Monstrant Regibus astra vâ—am This Order was dâ—graced by his Sonne Charles in communicating it to his Guard and so it ended 4 Of S. Michael instituted by King Lewis the eleventh Anno 1469 It consisted first of 36 Knights which afterward were augmented to 300. The Habit of the Order was a long Cloak of white Damask down to the ground with a border interwoven with Cockle-shells of gold interlaced and â—urred with Ermines with an hood of crimson Velvet and a long tippet About their necks they wore a collar woven with Cockle-shels the word Immensi tremor Oceani It took the name from the picture of Saint Michael conquering the Devill which was annex'd to the collar Some think that the invocation of S. Michael was in allusion unto the tenth of Daniâ—â— Others say he took S. Michael in regard of an
Leicester Rutland Lincoln Huntingdon Northampton Warwick Oxen Buckingham Bedford and the rest of Hartfordshire which bounded in a manner by all the rest of the Saxon Kingdoms had the name of Mercia from the word Mearc which signifieth a bound or limit The Christian Faith suppressed here as in other Kingdoms of the Saxons was restored again in the reignes of Penda Peada and Wolfhere by the Preaching of S. Chad the first Bishop of Lichfield Places of mostobservation in it 1 Hereford seated on the banks of the River Wâ—e in the middle of most flourishing meadows and no less plentifull Corn-fields raised out of the ruines of Ariconium here placed by Antonine the tract of which name it doth still retain A Bishops See in the time of the Britans restored to that dignity by the Saxons Anno 680. the honourary title of the Bohuns once Earls hereof and afterwards of Henry of Bullingbrook Duke of Hereford 2 Worcester pleasantly seated on the Severn over which it hath a very fair Bridge with a Tower upon it A Bishops See Anno 679. beautified with a fair Cathedrall and every way considerable for situation number of Churches neat buildings the industrie of the Inhabitants and giving the title of an Earl to the noble familie of the Somersets extracted by the Beauforts from John of Gaunt 3 Lichfield the first Bishops See amongst the Mercians founded there Anno 6 6. by Oswy King of the Northumbers but fixed and setled by S. Chad in the reign of Walshere King of the Mercians endowed in the very infancy with such fair possessions that in the yeer 793 Aâ—uâ—â—us the Bishop hereof was made Archbishop of the Mercians But it proved onely a personall honour and died with him 4 Coventry so called from an old Covent or Religious house which gave name unto it Situate in Warwick-shire and now the principall of that County though esteemed a County of it self Beautified with a goodly wall two fair Parish Churches large streets and very handsom houses A City of great trade and riches though destitute of all advantages which a navigable River might afford it heretofore of great fame for a stately monastery to which the See Episcopall was for a while removed from Lichfield now a ruine onely 5 Leicestâ—r once a Bishops See the Diocese taken out of Lichfield Anno 733 removed to Dorcâ—â—ster neer Oxon and thence to Lincoln Beautified in those dayes with a fair Collegiate Church a magnificent Abbie and a strong Castle all decayed and ruined by the iniquity and injury of these later times the Town remaining in as good plight both for trade and buildings as most Towns do which want a Navigable River Of most fame for the Earls thereof Algar and Edwin noble Saxons Simonâ—de Montfort the Catiline and great Incendiary of this Kingdom the Princes of the house of Lancaster who bore this title with some others since 6 Darby upon the River Derwent a well-traded Town and of good resort adorned with the five 〈◊〉 a goodly stone-bridge and a large Market-place the honourarie title of the noble 〈…〉 created Earls hereof by King Henry the 7th 7 〈◊〉 seated on the 〈◊〉 but very high upon an hill which over-looks it For buildings fair streets and a spaciou Market-place not giving way to many Cities but of most fame for a Royall and magnificent Castle which for strength stateliness and prospect may justly challenge the precedâ—â—cie of most in England 8 Lincoln a Town in those dayes of great strength and note one of the best peopled Cities in all the Hepâ—archie and of great merchandise and traffick both by Sea and Landâ— insomuch that 〈◊〉 then Bishop of Dâ—rchester thought fit to translate hither the Episcopall See Now much decayed and thence the Proverb that Lincoln was London is c. The chief fame which it now hath is for the Minster one of the stateliest Piles in England and perhaps in Christ 〈…〉 high seated on an hill and from thence discerned over all the Countrie 9 Huntingdon or the Hunters Town from the great sport the Hunters sound in the neighbouring Forrest commodiously seated on the Northern bank of the River Ouse rising unto the North with a soft ascent consisting of four parish Churches and shews the ruines of a Castle built by Edward the Elder Anno 917. 10 Peterburgh seated in a Nook or Angle of Northamptonshire where formerly had been a gulâ—or whirlâ—pool of exceeding depth but made firm ground by Wolfere King of the Mercians when be laid the foundations of the Monastery Anno 633. dedicated to S. Peter whence it had this name before then called Medanshedâ— A â—own but for the Church of no great esteem as standing out of the way for trade and in no plausible place for health or pleasure yet shewing two handsom streets a large Market-place and a fair Parish Church besides the Abbie made an Episcopall See by King Henry the 8th 11 Northampton built on the Northern bank of the River Antona now Nâ—n whence it had the name A Town which for the beauty and circuit of it need not give way to many Cities fortified heretofore with a very strong Castle and seated in so good an Air that once the Students of Cambridge had a purpose to remove their Vniversity hither The noble Family of the Comptans are now Earls hereof 12 Bedford so called from Beds and Lodgings on the Ford built on both sides thereof for the use of Travellers growing in time to so great bigness as to contain in it five Parish Churches famous in former times for the great battell sought in the adjoyning fields Anno 572 in which Cuthwolf the Saxon vanquished the Britans and became Master of the Countrey But more famous for giving the title of Duke to John of Lancaster Regent of France for King Henry the sixt and Jaspher of Hatfield Vncle to King Henry the 7th 13 S. Albans so called from a famous Monastery here founded by Offa the great King of the Mercians in honour of S. Alban the Proto-Martyr of Britain a Citizen of Verulamium neer adjoyning to it out of the ruines whereof decayed by Age and destroyed by War arose the present greatness of S. Albans the faâ—rest and best-traded Town in the County of Hartford 14 Buckingham the chief Town of the County so called situate on the River Ouse fortified by King Edward the Elder against the Danes Anno 915. otherwise not much observable but for those many noble personages which have had the title of Dukes hereof The Kings of Mercia A. Ch. 582. 1 Criedda the first King 593. 2 Webba 614. 3 Cheorl 626. 4 Penda 656. 5 Peada the first Christian King 659. 6 Wulfhere 675. 7 Etheldred 704. 8 Kenred 709. 9 Chelred 716. 10 Ethelbald overcome by Cutbert K. of the West-Saxons at a fight neer Buâ—ford in the Countie of Oxon the place still called Battelage hill 758. 11 Offa the great 796. 12 Egfride 797. 13 Kenwolf 819. 14 Kenelm 820. 15 Cheolwolf 821. 16 Bernulf
Adolphus 1475 13 William V. of Berg and VI. of Gulick son of Gerrard 1511 14 Marie daughter and heir of William Dutchesse of Gulick and Berg conveyed the whole Estate in marriage to John the 3. Duke of Cleve and Earl of March continuing in that Familie till the expiration of it in the person of John Williliam the last Prince hereof anno 1610. 4 The Earldom of MARCH or MARK hath on the East and North Westphalia on the West the Dukedom of Cleve on the South that of Berg or Mont. So called as being seated in the Marches of Westphalen out of which it was taken The Countrie for the most part like the rest of Westphalen more fit for pasturage then corn woodie and yeelding store of pawnage to those heards of swine with which it plentifully abounds Chief places in it are 1 Werden upon the River Ruer on the edge of Westphalia the people whereof get great wealth by grazing of Cattle 2 Soest in Latine Susatum for wealth and greatnesse not inferiour to any in Westphalen except Munster only consisting of ten parishes and lording it over many rich and pleasant Villages Anciently it belonged to the Bishops of Colen but in the year 1444. did voluntarily yeild it self to the Duke of Cleve being then Earl of March also and by Duke John the 4. courageously defended against those Prelates 3 Arusberg a fine and pleasant site used for a retiring place by the Electours of Colen unto whom it belongs 4 Dortmond in Latine Tremonia a Countie anciently of it self and held immediately of the Empire possessed by the Troâ—manni a tribe of the Suevians from whence first called Tretmania and at last Tremonia 5 blancostein built commodiously by Adolphus the fift of that name and first Earl of March as was also 6 Hâ—m or Hammone 7 Vnna of which nothing memorable 8 Altena the first title of the Earls of this house before they assumed that of the Earls of March assumed first by Adolphus the 4. on the Conquest of some Lands in the Marches of Westphalen continuing in that Familie till united with Cleve As for the Earldom or Dukedom of CLEVE out of which it was taken and to which the rest of those estates did in time accrew it was one of the most ancient Estates or Principalities in these parts of the world continuing in a direct line for the space of 900 years held by them of the Kings of France and afterwards of the Kings of Lorrain till the incorporating of that Kingdom with the German Empire Begun first by Elias Grullius companion to Charls Martel in his wars against the Frisons Saxons and Bavarians whose son Theodorick added hereto by marriage the Countie of Teisterbant containing the Towns and Seigneuries of Aliena in Wesiphalen as also of Bomel Heusden Buren Culemberg in the Belgick Provinces By Baldwin the sixt Earl was added the territory of Twentzen in Latine Regio Tuentana given him by Ludovicus Pius by Theodorick the fift the town and Seigneurie of Duislake setled upon him on his marriage with Mathilda the heir thereof by Theodorick the 9. the County of Hulkenrade near Nuys in the land of Colen together with the towns of Duysburg and Culembourg bought of Rodolphus Habspurgensis by John his son the town and territory of Keisarswerd bought of Charles the 4. By Adolph the 29. Earl the Earldome of March formerly taken out of it was again united by Adolph his successour made the first Duke hereof by the Emperour Sigismund anno 1417. the Lordships of Gennep Duiffels and Reixwald bought of the said Emperour together with the County of Ravenstein the Towns of Leoburg Limers and Hatteren for the ransome of William Duke of Berg and other noble persons taken prisoners by him anno 1397. by John the first Duke of that name the Town and territory of Soest and finally by John the 3. the Dukedomes of Berg and Gulick as heir thereof by his mother Mary sole daughter and heir of William the fift and sixt the last Duke thereof To which great height this ancient and noble family had not long attained and thereby made themselves and their sons and daughters fit matches for the greatest Princes but it pleased God to bring it to its fatall end and by that means to dissipateâ— his brave estate in the hands of strangers as shall be shewed in the Conclusion of this Catalogue of The EARLES and DUKES of CLEVE A. Ch. 717 1 Elias Grallius companion in the wars of Charles Martell 732 2 Theodorick Earl of Cleve and Lord of Teisterbant 755 3 Rainold son of Theodorick Earl of Cleve and Teisterbant 767 4 Conon of great fame in Armes under Charles the great 778 5 John son of Conon marryed the daughter of Michael Curopalates Emperour of Constantinople 790 6 Robert the eldest son of John 798 7 Baldwin the brother of Earl Robert After whose death anno 830. the Earldone of Teisterbant was taken out of it and made the portion of Robert a younger son from whom descended the two houses of March and Berg. 830 8 Ludowick son of Baldwin 834 9 Eberard brother of Ludovick who gave Teisterbant to his brother Robert 843 10 Luithardus Earl of Cleve 878 11 Baldwin II. 928 12 Arnold 968 13 Wignan son of Arnold 1004 14 Conrade made an Earl of the Empire in the life of his father 1045 15 Theodorick II. 1088 16 Theodorick III. companion of Godfrey of Bovillon in the holy Land 1114 17 Arnold II. brother of Theodorick the 3. 1161 18 Theodorick IV. 19 Arnold III. 1205 20 Arnold IV. 1218 21 Theodorick V. 1229 22 Theodorick VI. 1247 23 Theodorick VII 1255 24 Theodorick VIII 1271 25 Theodorick IX 26 Otho son of Theodorick 1309 27 Theodorick X. brother of Otho II. 2325 28 John brother of Theodorick and Canon of Colen the last of the masculine issue of Elias Grallius 29 Adolphus the VII of March son of Adolph the 6. of March and Mary of Cleve first Archbishop of Colen as six of this house of March had been almost successively before him succeeded on the death of his Uncle John to the Earldome of Cleve inaugurated thereunto by Charles the 4. 1389 30 Adolph II. of Cleve and VIII of March created the first Duke of Cleve by the Emperour Sigismund at the Councell of Constance anno 1417. 1443 31 John III. son of Adolph Duke of Cleve Earl of March and Lord of Ravenstein 1481 32 John II. of the rank of Dukes and the IV of the Earls 1521 33 John III. Duke of Cleve and Earl of March c. by descent from his Father and Duke of Gulick and Berg in right of his wife daughter and heir of William the last Duke thereof 1539 34 William son of John the 3. and Mary his wife daughter and sole heir of William the last Duke of Gulick and Berg father of the Lady Anne of Cleve one of the wives of Henry the 8. of England He contended very strongly against Charles the fift for
Persians laid the tributes of the Western Provinces whence all Riches had in time the name of Gazae Once Caleb took it but not able to hold it against the Philistins he again deserted it Destroyed by Alexander the Great and re-built again it made notable resistance against the Maccabees till at last forced by Simon the brother of Judas who liked the place so well that he intended to have made it his place of residence not so decayed in length of time but that it was a goodly City in the dayes of Brochardus And is still the best of all this coast built on an hill encompassed with rich and pleasant vallies the building low and mean as in other places but some of them adorned with pillars of fair Parian marble digged out of the remaining ruins 6. Maioma the Port Town of Gaza but made a City of it self by Constantine by whom called Constantia but restored again by Julian unto those of Gaza and by him commanded to be called Gaza Mariâ—ma These were the chief places holden by the Philistims a strong and Giantlike race of men such as the Scripture call by the name of Anak or the Sonnes of Anak Originally descended from Casluhim and Copthorim of the race of Mizraim the sonnes of Cham as appeareth both by the common consent of antient Writers and plain Texts of Scripture Jerem. 47. 4. and Amos 9. 7. These being setled first in the borders of Egypt and Idumaea where the Casluhim gave name unto the Province of Casiotis and the Mountain Casius proceeded North-wards and subdued the Avim a Canaanish people planting themselves in their habitations as is said expressely Deut. 2. 23. Here Abraham found them in his time and here they were when Israea went down to Gezar Governed at first by one King whom they called alwayes by the name of Abimelech as the Egyptians theirs by the name of Pharaoh sometimes by five according to the number of their principal Cities but still united in the times of approaching dangers Too strong to be subdued by the Tribes of Israel they made head against them and mastered them at several times for above 150. years Tyrannizing over them till broken by Sampson and for a time kept off by Samuel Recovering again they vanquished the Israelites in the time of Saul whom they discomfited and hanged his dead body barbarously on the walls of Bethsan But David a more fortunate Prince overthew them in many set battels and at length took the Town of Gath one of the strongest Towns they had and by that means so weakned them that they durst not stirre all the time of David nor a long while after Beginning to be troublesome in the dayes of Ozias King of Judah they were warred on by him their army overthrown Ita and Amnia two of their strong Forts took and razed and the Town of Gath again dismantled In the time of the Idolatrous Achaz associating with the Edomites who evermore attended the destruction of Judah they brake out again took Bethsemes Aialon Timnah and some other Towns carried away many Prisoners and flew much people But the good King Ezeâ—â—ah made them pay dear for it taking from them the greatest part of their Country betwixt Gath and Gaza Which notwithstanding they recovered to so great esteem that the whole Countrey had from them the name of Palestine But broken by degrees by the Maccabaeans they lost both their power and reputation passing in common estimate as a part of â—ewry the fortunes of which it followed for thetimes succeeding 2. The Tribe of DAN so called from Dan the fift sonne of Iacob by Bilhah the hand-maid of Rache of whom were mustered at Mount Sinai 62700. fighting men and 66400. at the second muster in the Land of Canaan where their lot fell betwixt Ephraim on the North Simeon on the South the Tribe of BENIAMEN on the East and the Mediterranean on the West Places of most note in it 1. Ioppa now called Iaffa once a famous Mart-Town and the onely Haven to Iudaea in foregoing times the Town where Ionah took ship to fly unto Tarshiesh where Peter raised Dorcas from death to life and where he lying in the house of one Simon a Tanner was in a vision taught the conversion of the Gentiles This City they report to have been built before the floudn here they say reigned Cepheus whose daughter Andromeda was by Perseus delivered from a Sea-monster some of whose bones the people use to shew to strangers even till the flourishing of the Romans Just as our Citizens of Coventry and Warwick shew the bones of the Dun-Cow of Dunsmear heath and the bones of I know not what Gyant slain by Guy Earl of Warwick In the time of the Maccabees it was garrisoned by the Syrians who having in the Port a Fleet of good power and strength invited 200 of the chief Citizens to go aboard with them and there drowned them all for which their fleet was fired by Iudas and such as did escape the fire fell upon his sword Twice taken by the Romans and the second time burnt unto the ground new walled and fortified with Towers by King Lewis of France in the year 1250 the Holy Warres then drawing to their finall end Now nothing standing of it but two little Turrets where are certain Harquebusses for defence of the Haven none of the best defended from the South and West winds with eminent Rocks but exposed to the fury of the North which makes it more unsafe than the open Seas when inraged by Tempests Not much frequented by the Merchant who trade here but for Cottons onely and hold their Factory not far off in a Town called 2. Rama by the Moores called Ramula situate in a sandy plain on the rising of a little hill built of free-stone but the streets thereof narrow and the houses contemptible More beautifull in the ruins of some Christian Churches and a Monastery built by Philip the Good of Burgundie where the house of Nicod mus stood than in any of the remaining edifices 3. Iamnia neer Ioppa where Iudas burnt the rest of the Syrian Fleet the flame whereof was seen to Hierusalem 240 furlongs off mentioned by Ptolomy and in the times of Christianity an Episcopall Sâ—e now not discernable in the ruins 4. Cedar or Cedron fortified against the Iews by Cendebaeus one of the Lieutenants of Antiochus who hereabouts was overthrown by the Maccabees 5. Modin a small Town but honoured with the birth and sepulchre of those Maccabaeans the Sepulchre being seven Marble Pillars of so great an height that they served as a mark for Seamen 6. Gibbethon in the Countrey called Makats a City of the Levites but afterwards possessed by the Philistims at the sieige whereof Nadab the Sonne of Ieroboam King of Israel was slain by Baasha who succeeded and Omri chosen King on the death of Zimri 7. Cariathi rim where the Ark of the Lord was kept for 20 years in the house of Aminadab
Florida unto the 44th where it quartereth on Norumbega The first Discovery hereof by the two Cabots Father and Son An. 1497. did first entitle the Crown of England to this Country The Design after seconded by one Mr. Hare bringing thence certain of the petit Kings or Princes hereof who did Homage to K. Henry the 8. then sitting in his Royal Throne in the Palace of Westminster but nothing further done in pursuance of it And though John Verazzani a noble Florentine at the incouragement and charge of King Francis the first An. 1524. discovered more of the Country then Cabot did yet the French too much in love with the pleasures of France or intangled in Civill Wars amongst themselves looked no further after it Insomuch that the Country lying thus neglected was re-discovered by the charges and direction of Sir Walter Raleigh then Captain of the Guard and in great power and favour with Queen Elizabeth An. 1584. who sending Master Philip Amadas and Master Arthur Barlow upon this employment did by them take possession of it in Queen Elizabeths name in honour of whom he caused it to be called Virginia The next year he sent hither a Colonie under the conduct of the noble Sir Richard Greenvile who not supplied with necessaries for their subsistence returned home again In the year 1587 a second Colonie is sent hither but as successless as the first the business being undertaken only on a private Purse not owned as the interesse of the State or of publick moment till the year 1606. In the mean time the North parts of this Country being more perfectly discovered by Captain Bartholomew Gosnold An. 1602. and the middle parts being taken up by the Hollanders not long after that is to say in the year 1609. the whole became divided into these three parts 1 New-England 2 Novum Belgium 3 Virginia stristly and specially so called To which the Isles of the Bermudas shall come in for a fourth NEW ENGLAND hath on the North east Norumbegua and on the South-west Novum Belgium So called by the Adventurers by whom first planted not so much because opposite to Nova Albion as some men conceive as in imitation of the like adjuncts of distinction given by the French and Spaniards to Nova Francia Nova Hispania Nova Gallicia Nova Granada and the like The Country situate in the middle of the Temperate Zone betwixt the degrees of 41. 44. equally distant from the Artick Circle and the Tropick of Cancer by consequence naturally of the same degree of heat with France or Italy But by reason of the thick mists which arise from the Seas adjoyning those heats so moderated that the Aire is found to be exceedingly agreeable to an English body The soil not only fruitfull of such commodities as grow there naturally but also of all sorts of grain which were brought from England Great store of Woods and trees both for fruit and building plenty of Deer within the VVoods of salt and fish upon the shores and as for Turkies Partriges Swans Geese Cranes Ducks Pigeons such a full variety as serves not only for necessity but for Pride and Luxury The Commodities of most note for maintaining of Traffick rich Furs and many sorts of Fish some Amber Flax Linnen Iron Pitch Masts Cables Timber fit for shipping in a word whatsoever comes to England by the way of the Sound might be at better rates and with far less trouble be supplied from hence at least if we believe the Relations of it published in the year 1622. The People for the most part well enough disposed if not roughly handled hospitable and more civil then the rest of their Neighbours So tractable and docile in matters of Religion that liking well the Rites and Ceremonies of the English at their first setling there Anno 1608. they would use to say that King James was a good King and his God a good God but their Tanto naught Which Tanto was an evil Spirit which did haunt and trouble them every Moon and therefore they worshipped him for fear which notwithstanding I finde not any great increase of Christianity amongst the Natives our English Undertakers thinking it sufficient if they aud their houses served the Lord without caring what became of the souls of the wretched People which hitherto have sate in darkness and the shadow of death notwithstanding those New lights whith have shined amongst them And as for those New-comers which have planted there all English though some immediately out of Holland I cannot better tell you of what strain they were then in the words of John de Laâ—â— Novi Orbis lib. 3. cap 8. where he observeth Primos hosce Colonos uti illos qui postea accesserunt potissimùm aut omnino fuisse ex eorum hominum Secta quos in Anglia Brownistas Puritanos vocant quales non pauci in Belgium superioribus annis se receperunt hinc ad socios sunt profecti They were saith he either for the most part or altogether of that Sect which in England are called Brownists or Puritans many of which had formerly betaken themselves to Holland but afterwards went thence to joyn with their Brethren in New-England Principal Rivers of this part 1 Tamescot where our men found Oysters of nine inches long 2 Nansic a River of the Tarentines one of the chief Nations of this tract 3 Sagahadoc of most note and deservedly too Of a mile and an half broad at the mouth or influx and so upwards for the space of a dayes journey where it maketh a large Lake three dayes journey broad with six Ilands in it nourished with two large Channels the one from the North east the other from the North-west each of them rising from a Lake the least of which four dayes journey long two broad the other double it Of lesse note 4 Apanawapesk 5 Ramassoc 6 Ashamahaga c. The Country on the Sea side full of notable Havens populous and very well inhabited insomuch as Captain Smith reckoned in the space of 70 miles above twenty Havens some of them capable of 500 or 1000 sail most of them sheltered from the furies of wind and sea by the interposition of some Ilands of which about 200 lie upon that Coast In the space of 70 miles he reckoneth forty Villages of the Barbarous people the chief of which 1 Macadacut 2 Segocket 3 Pemmaquid 4 Nusconcus 5 Kennebecque c. all called by the name of some Brook or water upon which they were seated Since added by the English 1 S Georges Fort the first Plantation of the English built by them at the mouth of the River Sagahadoc in a Demy-Iland An. 1607. 2 New Plimouth seated in a large and capacious Bay at the first building An. 1620. consisting of nineteen families only but in short time improved to an handsom Town which as it was the first Town so it was the first Church which was setled there modelled according to the form of Mr. Robinsons
and Irene these two last Provinces only were assigned to the Constant inopolitans the rest to Charles and his Successors both outed of their severall parts by the prevailing Saracens under the conduct of Sabba and other successive 〈◊〉 These partly dispossessed by the Emperour Otho the first and his Almain forces and they again expelled by the Greeks and Saracens joyning together against them as a common Enemy who afterwards held bitter wars against one another for the sole command During these wâ—rs it happened that one Drangot a Gentleman of Normandy having in the presence of Duke Robert the Father of William the Conqueror slain one Repostel a Gentleman of like quality to avoid the justice of the Prince and the practices of Repostels kindred fled into this Countrey attended by such of his followers as either did depend upon his fortunes or had been medlers in the Fray Where being come the Duke of Benevent Vicegerent to the Eastern Emperor took them into pay Their entertainment being bruited in Normandy and a report raised withall that the Greeks hearkened after men of valour and action caused many private Gentlemen to pass over the Alpes and there to hew themselves out a more prosperous fortune than formerly they had injoyed The fortunate success of which last Adventurers drew thither also Tancred the Lord of Hauteville who with his twelve sonnes came into Apulia Ao. 1008. and in short time not only drove the Saracens thence but the Grecâ—ans also as men that had broke Covenant with them in the division of the Bootie For William the sonne of Tancred combining with Melorco Governour of Apulâ—a for the Greek Emperour and with the Princes of Capua and Salerâ— men of power and honour for the conquest of Sicil which the Saracens then wholly held agreed amongst themselves to divide the places conquered by them into four equall parts one for each Adventurer But when the Saracens were driven out Melorco having new supplies sent him out of Greece seized on the possession of the whole Island in the Emperors name Which injury William cunningly dissembled till Melorco's Forces were dispersed and then he suddenly set upon him first took the City of Melsi and after by degrees most of the other Towns and places which the Greeks held in Italie of which both he and his Successors kept possession by the Title of Dukes of Calabria only Of these though all of eminent vertue there were two besides this William of speciall fame 1. Robert Guâ—scard the third sonne of Tancred the most valiant Captain of his time and chief establisher of the Normans power in Italie to which he added in conclusion the Isle of Sicil together with the citie of Naples it self and all the Lands which lie betwixt it and Rome 2. Bohemund the eldest sonne of this Robert who going with Godfrey of Bovillon and others of the Western Christians to the Holy Land was for his signall merits invested with the Kingdom of Antioch inherited by his children after his decease But to proceed this Guiscard at his death but not without some wrong to the children of his Brother William whom he had dispossessed of all by the Popes Authority gave Sicil with the title of Earl to his sonne Rogero and his estates in Italy to his other sonne William who going to Constantinople to mary with the Emperors daughter was outed of his part by his brother Roger made not long after by the Pope the first King of this Familie The Kings of Naples of the Norman Line 1125. 1 Roger Earl of Sicil created by Pope Anacletus 2d. King of both the Sicilies at the Town of Benevent which City in requitall of so great a favour he restored again unto the Church from which it had been taken after the first Donation of it by the German Emperors 24. 1149. 2 William the sonne of Roger who to assure himself of his Kingdoms was content to take them as a gift from the hands of Pope Adrian the 4th to be holden for ever in Fee of the Church of Rome 21. 1170. 3 William II. sonne of the former William who left a daughter called Constance who became a Nun. 26. 1196. 4 Tancred the base sonne of William the 2d. excluded his Sister from the Crown but was sententially deposed by Pope Celestine the 3d. who had an aim to get the Kingdom for himself But when he saw that Tancred was too strong for him out of meer spight to be defeated of his purpose he called in the Germans the antient Enemies of his See and gave the Lady Constance then almost fifty yeers of age in mariage unto Henry the 6th 2. The German Line 1198. 5 Henry the sixt of that name Emperor and Duke of Schwaben succeeded on his mariage with the Lady Constance 4. 1202. 6 Frederick sonne of the Emperor Henry and Queen Constance crowned at the age of three yeers afterwards Emperor by the name of Frederick the 2d. He had to wife the daughter of John di Brenn the titulary King of Hierusalem of which the Kings of Naples have ever since had the title of Kings and in the rights of this Kingdom the Kings of Spain 125â— 7 Conrade the sonne of Frederick King of Naples and Sicil as also Emperour and Duke of Snevia or Schwaben poisoned as it was conceived by his base brother Manfred 4. 1254. 8 Munfroy or Manfred base sonne of Frederick and Duke of Benevent first governed the Kingdom as Protector unto Conradine the sonne of Conrade but after took it to himself against the will of Pope Urban the 4th who being weary of the Germans called in Charles Duke of Anjou and Earl of Provence brother to Lewis the 10th of France it being usuall with the Popes as Machiavel very well observeth to call new men into Italie and stir up new wars for their own ambition not suffering any to possess that long which themselves through their weakness could not hold and practising the over-throw of those very men whom themselves had raised to power and greatness The French Line 1261. 9 Charles Earl of Anjou and Provence overcame King Manfred and was after crowned by Pope Urban the 4th who conditioned with him that neither he nor his Successors should assume the Empire and that they should pay fifty thousand Crowns per annum as a Rent to the Church This Charles did also vanquish Conradine the sonne of Conrade the last of the royall house of Suevia whom he caused to be beheaded at Naples After which bloody Act neither he nor any of his posterity did either quietly or long injoy these Kingdoms For in his own time Peter King of Aragon clamed the Kingdom of Naples in right of Constance his wife the daughter of Manfred betwixt whom and Charles a single combat was appointed to be fought in Bourdeaux before King Edward the first of England to decide the Controversie But whilest Charles there expected him he seized on Sicil Ao. 1281. This Charles reigned three and twenty
of Bresse added that Earldom to his house as Ame or Amadee the ninth did the Town and Territory of Vercelli upon the contract betwixt Philibert his sonne and successor with Blanch the base daughter of Philip Maria Duke of Millain who afterwards was maryed unto Francis Sforza Ame or Amadee the second Earl of Maurienne was by the Emperor Henry the fifth invested with the title of Earl of Savoy and Amadee the eighth created the first Duke by the Emperor Sigismund An o 1397. But the main improvement of the power and patrimony of this House came by the valour and good success of the two Earles Thomas who in the year 1210 and Peter one of his sonnes and successors for his manifold Conquests surnamed Charlemaine the Junior An o 1256 by conquest got a great part of Peidmont to which the Marquisate of Saluzzes containing almost all the rest was united by a Mariage of the daughter of the Marquisate to Charles Duke of Savoy and though he dyed without issue by her An o 1489 yet his successors still kept the possession of it till Francis the first pretending some title to it in the right of his Mother a daughter of the house of Savoy layd it unto the Crown of France from which it was again recovered by the Savoyard during the French Civill Wars An o 1588 and now is peaceably possessed The Countrey of Bresse being given to the French for their pretension to the Marquisate An o 1600. These Dukes of Savoy have a long time been devoted to the faction of Spain especially since the French Kings took in the lesser states bordering on them as Burgundie Bretagne c. Charles the third sided so constantly with the Emperor Charles the fifth that denying Francis the first a passage for his Army thorough the Country into Italy he vvas by the sayd King dispoyled of his Estates An o 1536. The Emperor to recover it left nothing undone but in vain for the French encountring his force in the open field vanquished them vvith the slaughter of fifteen thousand of his men In the year 1558 peace being made between Henry and Philip successors to those great Princes Emanuel â—hilibert sonne to Duke Charles was restored to all his Rights His sonne and successor having maryed Catharine the daughter of King Philip the second depended wholly upon Spain notwithstanding many quarrels vvhich did grovv betwixt them his sonnes receiving thence many great pensions and preferments For at the same time Prince Amadee Victorio the second sonne during the life of Philip his elder brother vvas chief Commander of that Kings Gallies and had in pension a hundred thousand Crowns per annum Philibert the third sonne was Vice-Roy of Sicil Maurice the fourth a Cardinal had a moity of the Revenues of the Archbishoprick of Toledo and Don Thomazo though then young had his pensions also But Amadee Victorio who succeeded him marying Madam Christian a daughter of King Henry the fourth of France changed his dependances and held more close to France than any of his predecessors but whether to the hurt or benefit of his Estates future times will shew For leaving his heir a Minor in the hands of his mother the French upon pretence of preserving the Country for him against the incroachments of the Spaniard have made themselves masters of the greatest parts of it which when they will restore to the proper owner is beyond my cunning to determine But now behold the Catalogue of the Earles and Dukes of Savoy 999 1 Beral of Saxony 1027 2 Humbert the first Earl of Maurienne 1048 3 Ame or Amadee I. 1076 4 Humbert II. 1109 5 Ame or Amadee II. the first Earl of Savoy 1154 6 Humbert III. 1201 7 Thomas sonne of Humbert 1234 8 Ame or Amadee III. 1246 9 Boniface sonne of Ame III. 1256 10 Peter a younger sonne of Earl Thomas called Charlemagne the less won Turin Vaulx c. 1268 11 Philip brother of Peter 1285 12 Ame or Amadee IV. Nephew of Thomas the 7th Earl by a sonne named Thomas 1323 13 Edward sonne of Ame IV. 1329 14 Ame or Amadee V. the brother of Edward 1342 15 Ame or Amadee VI. 1385 16 Ame or Amadee VII 1397 17 Ame or Amadee VIII the first Duke of Savoy 1434 18 Lewis sonne of Ame VIII 1461 19 Ame or Amadee IX 1475 20 Philibert sonne of Ame 9th 1481 21 Charles brother of Philibert 1489 22 Charles II. 1495 23 Philip II. sonne of Lewis the second Duke 1496 24 Philibert II. 1504 25 Charles III. the brother of Philibert outed of his Estate by King Francis the first 1559 26 Emanuel Philibert restored upon his Mariage with Margaret the daughter of King Francis the first made Knight of the Garter by Qu. Mary 1580 27 Charles Emanuel 28 Ame X. called also Amadee Victorio sonne of Charles Emanuel maryed Christiane the daughter of King Henry the fourth 1637 29 Charles Emanuel II. sonne of Amadee Victor or Ame the 10. at the age of three yeares succeeded his Father The Forces of this Duke consist especially in his Forts and Garrisons vvhereof he hath good store in France Savoy and Piemont well fortified and plentifully furnished with all manner of Ammunition And it concerneth him so to have considering what dangerous neighbours he hath near him and that his Country is a continnall thorow-fare for the Armies both of France and Spain upon all occasions Nor doth it less conduce to his preservation that he hath so many retreats of naturall strength as are not easily accessible by a conquering Army of this last sort is amongst many others the valley of â—ost which some reckon for a part of Savoy and some of Piemont so strong by reason of the narrow entries the uneasie passages and the great multitudes of the people which inhabit in it that those who have made themselves masters of the rest of the Country durst never attempt it And of the first besides those formerly described is the Town of Nizze so fortified and flanked upon all accesses that it seems rather to be an assembly of Forts than a single Fortress Out of which Garrisons the Duke is able to draw great Forces for present service besides the readyness of the Piemont ese upon all occasions vvhich are for the most part given to Arms. The ordinary Revenue of this Dukedom taking Piemont in are sayd to be above a Million of Crovvns per Annum But his extraordinary is so great that Duke Charles Emanuel during his Wars with Henry the fourth in a very few years drew out of Piemont onely eleven Millions of Crowns besides the charge which they were put to in quartering of Souldiers By which it may appear that the Dukes are not like to want money to serve their turns when they shall desire it of the Subject and yet not charge them more than they are able to bear The only Order of Knighthood in this Dukes Estate is that of the Annunciada which ordained by Amade the first Duke
Rhodanus thorough part of France to the Western Ocean and the Inn which falllng into the Danubius passeth thorow Germany and Hungary into Pontus Euxinus And as the Country is such are the Inhabitants of rude and rugged dispositions more fit for Arms than any civill occupations capable of toyl and labour which the necessities of their Country doth inure them to not able otherwise to afford them an hungry livelyhood the poverty whereof makes them seek for service which they shift and change according as they like the conditions of their entertainment and having no way to vent their superfluous numbers by Navigation are able to spare greater multitudes to a Forein War than a man would easily imagine In a word the people are naturally honest frugall and industrious impartiall in the administration of Justice and great lovers of Liberty In matters of War they were once of such a reputation on the defeats given by them to Charles of Burgundy that no Prince thought himself able to take the field or stand his own ground in defence of his Dominions if he had not Switzers in his Army And to advance their reputation the Wars which followed in Italie about the Dutchy of Millain served exceeding fitly For being borderers on that Country they could be hired better cheap by the French or Spaniard than any Army could be brought out of France of Spain And having had some good successes to increase their fame they grew so terrible at last that the Spaniards in the War of Guyen were more affraid of one band of Suisse than of all the rest of the French Army But being found withall to be salse and treacherous and easily bought off by the better purse which they most evidently discovered in betraying Duke Lodowick Sforze who had put himself and his estate into their hands and those Italian Wars growing unto an end they did decay so fast in their reputation that first the neighbouring Princes could doe well without them and at last used them not at all or at least very sparingly And now it is their honour that they are chosen of the Gaurd to the French King and the Popes of Rome and the Dukes of Genoa and that the greatest Princes of Europe give them yearly pensions Which penâ—â—ons were given heretofore to be assured of their ayd upon all occasions but now to keep them from engaging on the other side For matter of Religion it is proportionably mixt some of the Cantons being wholly Popish some wholly Protestant in others both Religions used promiscuously At first the differences were so eagerly pursued on both sides that notwithstanding the mediation of some potent neighbours it broke out into a Civil War the Cantons of Switz Uren Underwald Lueern and Zug which the Latin Writers of this story call the Quinquepagici arming against Urich Bern and others which adhered to Zuinglius In the beginning of which War the Protestant party was discomfited Zuinglius himself slain in the head of the battell and his body burnt his heart remaining in the middest of the fire whole and untouched as Arch-bishop Cranmers also did when all the rest of his body was consumed to ashes But those of the Reformed party would not so give over Another field they fought for it and therein had the better of the adverse party Wearied at last with these reciprocall defeats they agreed the business indulging each to other the free exercise of their own Religions So it continueth at this day diversitie of opinions not drawing them from a due care of the publick interesse nor giving any interruption to that bond of peace vvhich was so firmly knit amongst them in their first confederacies Now for the body of their State it consists of three distinct parts or members which are to be considered in this discourse viz. the Swisse themselves the Praefectures which are subject to them and the States that are confederate with them The Swisse are subdivided into thirteen Cantons that is to say Swits Uren Underwald Lucern Zug Bern Zurich Basil Friburg Soloturn Apenzel Glaris and Schaffhausen These properly make the body of that Commonwealth enjoying many rights privileges and preheminences which the others do not as power to determine of war and peace to dispose of the Prafectures and divide amongst themselves the spoyl of the Enemy The first confederacy was made betwixt the Cantons of Switz and Underwald An. 1315. Of which the Switz being the most potent the most exasperated and that which did most hotly prosecute the combination gave to the rest the name of Switzers Luâ—ern was added to the three An. 1332. Zug Zurich and Glaris came not into the confederacy till the year 1351 nor Bern untill the year next after Friburg and Soloturn came in An. 1481. Basil and Schaffhausen united with them in the year 1501. So that there passed within little of two hundred years from the first beginning of these Leagues to the finishing of them The second Member of this body are the Towns and States Confederates with them for the preservation of their common Liberties viz. the Town and Abbot of Saint Gall the Towns of Rotwell Mulhasen Nuwenberg and Biel situate on the Lake thence named of which the first belonged heretofore to the Earls of Longeville in France the latter to the Bishops of 〈◊〉 with the City and Signeury of Geneva And of these Rotwell and Mulhasen are confederate with all the Cantons the rest with some particulars only The Abbot of Saint God first entered into League with Zurich Lucern Switz and Glaris for the preservation of his â—andâ— and Towns then revolting from him and the Town following his example confederated with Zurich Bern Switz Lucern Zug and Glaris the better to preserve themselves from the power of their Abbot who was before their naturall and immediate Lord. This was in Anno 1452. Rotwell and Mulhausen two Imperiall Towns in the Province of Schawben confederated in a perpetuall League withall the Cantons the first An. 1515. the other An. 1519 Nâ—venberg Bâ—el and Geneva with Bern only As for the Praefectures of the Switzers they are such lesser parcels and addiments as have accrewed to their Estate and are subject unto their authority either by gift purchase or the chance of war some lying in Switzerland it self some amongst other parts of the Alpes and some in Italie These are the Towns and Countries of Baden Brengarten Millingen Rappenswâ—ll Wagenthail interposed here and there amongst the Switzers the Town and Country of Sargans lying amongst the Rhaetian Alpes not far from the Grisons and Rhineck lying in a valley of the Alpes on the left shore of the Rhene near the Lake of Constans and finally the vallies of Locarno Magia and Lugano Mendrisio and Belinzano situate in and amongst the Alpes near the Dukedom of Millain to vvhich they formerly belonged Of which the Praefectures of Baden and Mellingen appertain to the eight first Cantons Wagenthall the Sargans and Rheineck to the seven first Cantons
it with Boats and Barges as the Thames Westward doth London the River ebbing and flowing no nigher than Pont del ' Arche 75 miles distant from the Citie We may divide it into four parts the Town the Citie the Universitie and the Suburbs La Ville or that part of it which is called The Town is situate on the North side of the River the biggest but poorest part of the four inhabited by Artizans and Tradesmen of the meaner sort In this part are the Hostell de Ville or the Guild-hall for the use of the Citizens the Arserall or Armory for the use of the King and that magnificent building called the Place Royall new built and beautified at the charges of King Henry the fourth for Tilts and Turraments and such solemnities of State And in this also neer the banks of the River stands the Kings Palace of the Bouvre a place of more fame than beauty and nothing answerable to the report which goes commonly of it A building of no elegance or uniformitie nor otherwise remarkable but for the vast Gallerie begun by King Henry the fourth and the fine Gardens of the Tuilleries adjoyning to it The City is that part of it which takes up the circumference of a little Iland made by the embracements of the Seine joyned to the other parts on both sides by several Bridges The Paris or Lutetia of the old Gauls was no more than this the Town on the one side and the Vniversity on the other being added since This is the richest part and best built of the whole Compositum And herein stand the Palace or Courts of Parliament the Chappel of the Holy Ghost and the Church of Nostre-dame being the Cathedral of antient times a Bishops See but of late raised unto the dignity of a Metropolitan On the South side of the River lyeth that part which is called the Vniversitie from an Vniversity here sounded by Charles the Great Anno 792. at the perswasion of Alcuinus an Englishman the Scholar of Venerable Bede and the first Professor of Divinity here It consisteth of 52 Colleges or places for study whereof 40. are of little use and in the rest the Students live at their own charges as in the Halls at Oxon or Inns of Court or Chancery at London there being no endowment laid unto any of them except the Sorbonne and the College of Navarre Which possiblie may be the reason why the Scholars here are generally so debauched and insolent a ruder rabble than the which are hardly to be found in the Christian World Sensible of this mischief and the cause thereof Francis the first whom the French call the Father of the Muses at the perswasion of Reuchline and Budaeus those great restorers of the Greek and Hebrew Languages intended to have built a College for 600 Students and therein to have placed Professours for all Arts and Sciences endowing it with 50000 Crowns of yeerly Revenue for their constant maintenance But it went no further than the purpose prevented by the inevitable stroak of death from pursuance of it In bigness this is little inferiour to the Town or Ville and not superiour to it for wealth or beauty few men of any wealth and credit affecting to inhabit in a place of so little Government The 4th and last part is the Suburbs or the Faux-bourgs as the French call them the principal whereof is that of S. Germans so called from an antient Abbie of that name the best part of the whole body of Paris for large Streets sweet Air choyce of the best Companie magnificent Houses pleasant Gardens and finally all those contentments which are wanting commonly in the throngs of most populous Cities Here are also in this Isle the Royal house of Madrit a retiring place of the Kings built by King Francis the first at his return from his imprisonment in Spain 2 Ruall a sweet Countrie house of the late Queen Mothers and 3 Boys de Vincennes remarkable for the untimely death of our Henry the fifth I add this only and so end That this Isle hath alwayes followed the fortune of the Crown of France never dismembred from the Soveraigntie of the same though sometimes out of the possession of the French Kings as when the English kept it against Charles the 7th and the Leagners against Henry the 4th A thing which hardly can be said of any other of the Provinces of this flourishing Countrie the French Kings of the race of Merovee and Charles the great alienating from the Crown many goodly Territories contented only with a bare and titularie Homage from them By meanes whereof more than three parts of the whole Kingdom was shared first amongst the great Princes of the French which afterwards by inter-mariages and other Titles fell into the hands of strangers most of them enemies of this Crown and jealous of the Grandour and power thereof Which kept the French Kings generally very low and poor till by Arms Confiscations Mariages and such other meanes they reduced all these Riverets to their first and originall Channel as shall be shewen in the pursuance of this work CHAMPAGNE CHAMPAGNE is bounded on the North with Picardie on the South with the Dukedom of Burgundie and some part of the Countie on the East with Lorrein on the West with France specially so called The Countrie for the most part very plain and pleasant whence it had the name adorned with shadie Woods and delectable Meadows fruitful in Corn and not deficient in Wines The Seat in elder times of the Trieasses Catelauni Rhemi the Lingones and Senones of which last Tribe or Nation were those Cisalpine Gaules who sacked Rome under the conduct of Brennus part of them Celts and part Belgians and so accordingly disposed of the Belgians into the Province of Belgica Secunda the Metropolis whereof was Rhemes the Celts into Lugdunensis quarta of which the Metropolis was Sens both Cities seated in this Countrie The chief Rivers of it Bloise Marne and Yonne Chief places of the whole are 1 Chalon on the River Marne an Episcopal See Suffragan to the Arch-Bishop of Rhemes called antiently Civitas Catalaâ—norum 2 Join Ville situate on the same River belonging to the house of Guise the eldest Sonne of which Familie is called Prince of Joinville in the Castle whereof seated upon an high and inaccessible Hill is to be seen the Tomb of Clande the first Duke of Guise the richest Monument of that kind in all France A Baronie which hath belonged to the house of Lorrein ever since the yeer 1119. when Thierry the Sonne of William Baron of Joinville succeeded his two Vncles Godfrey and Baldwin in that Dukedom 3 Pierre-Fort defended with a Caste of so great strength that in the civil Wars of France A. 1614. it endured 1100 shot of Cannon and yet was not taken 4 Vassey upon the River Bloise a Town of as sweet a situation as most in France These three last scituate in that part of Champagne
Hierusalem and Earl of Provence 1385. 5 Lewis III. Duke of Anjou and Earl of Provence and Maine titularie King of Sicil Naples and Hierâ—salem 1416. 6 Lewis IV. successour to his Father in Estate and Titles 1430 7 Roâ—è the Brother of Lewis by the adoption of Qu. Ioan the 2d was for a while possessed of Naples but presently outed by Alfonso of Aragon and died the titularie K. of Naples Sicil and Hierusalem the Father of Queen Margarite Wife of Henry the sixt Duke of Bar in right of Violant his Mother 1480. 8 Charles Earl of Maine Nephew to Renè by his 3d Brother Charles at his decease left Anjou and all the rest of his Estates to King Lewis the 11th Anno 1481. Since which never otherwise aliened than as an honourarie title of the third Sonne of France It is to be observed here according to our method in other places that Renè King of Sicil c. and Duke of Anjou instituted an Order of Knighthood called of the Croissant the Knights whereof carried a Crescent or Half-Moon on their right Armes with this motto L'Os en Croissant encouraging them thereby to seek the increase of valour and reputation The Arms of this Dukedom were France a Border Gules 7 LA BEAUSSE LA BEAUSSE is bounded on the East with France specially and primarily so called and part of Champagne on the West with Anjou Maine Tourein and some part of Berry on the North with Normandie and on the South with Bourbonois and the rest of Berry It is called Belsia in Latine Writers both names derived from the pleasantness and beauties of it The Principall Nations of the whole in the time of the Romans were the Carnutes which inhabited the greatest part and the Samnitae neer the Loire part of Gallia Celtica and cast into the Province of Lugdunensis quarta by the Emperour Constantine Divided by the French into the Higher the Lower and the Intermediate 1 The HIGHER BEAUSSE is that part which lieth next to Normandie of which the principall Towns are 1 Dreux seated upon the River Eureux supposed to be the Seat of the antient Druides who held here their Parliaments or Sessions for administration of Justice The title and inheritance of that Peter of Dreux who succeeded Arthur the Sonne of Geofrie Plantagenet in the Earldom of Bretagne 2 Montfort an Earldom the title and estate of Iohn Earl of Montfort surnamed the Valiant who succeeded in the Dukedom of Bretagne by the Aid of the English Anno 1341. 3 Chartres called antiently Carnutum Civit as but by Ptolomie Antecum seated upon the Eureux also from whence the Countrey hereabouts was called Le Pais Chartrain A Bishops See and one of the Videmates of France Which honour as it is peculiar to the French onely so Milles in his Edition of Glovers Catalogue of Honour will have but four at all in France viz those of Amiens Chalons Gerberoy and this of Chartres But certainly in France there are many more of them as at Rhemes Mans c. and formerly as many as it had Bishops the Vicedominus or Vidame being to the Bishop in his Temporals as the Chancellour in his Spirituals or as the Vice Comites Viscounts were antiently to the Provinciall Earls in their Courts of Judicature 2 The LOWER BEAUSSE is that which lieth towards Bourbonois and is subdivided into Selogne and Orleanois In SOLOGNE which lieth close to Burbon the chief places of note are 1 Romorantin seated on the Soâ—lâ—re the chief Town of this Tract 2 Mallenzay 3 La Ferte or La Ferte S. Bernard of which nothing memorable In ORLEANOYS which lieth more Northwards upon the River of Loire are 1 largean a Town once of very great strength and one of the out-works of Orleans 2 Cleri called also Cleri of Nostre-dame from the Church there built unto our Ladie 3 Tury and 4 Angerville both in the ordinary Road betwixt Parâ—s and 5 Orleans the principall Citie of all Beausse called Genabum in the time of Caesar repaired or rather new built by the Emperour Aurelius Anno 276 from thence named Aurelia the Countrey round about it Aurelianensis now Orleans and Orleanoys The Countrie generally very fruitfull and yeelding a most excellent and delicious Wine Which for the strength and intoxicating power thereof is banished the French Kings Cellar by especial Edict The City very pleasantly seated on the River Loyre well built situate in a sweet Air and planted with a civil and ingenious People who are said to speak the best language of any in France For a time it was the chief Seat of a distinct Kingdom according to the unprovident humour of the Meroâ—iguians the lot of 〈◊〉 Sonne of Clovis the Great and Guntram Sonne of Clotaire both Kings of Orleaâ—s as also was Theodorick the second Sonne of Câ—ildebert King of Mets on the death of Gunthram But Sigibert his Sonne being vanquished by Clotaire the second this Kingdom extending to the shores of the Aquitaine Ocean was added unto that of France Orleans since that time content with a lower title hath of late often times with greater prudence been made the honorarie title of the second Sonnes of France called Dukes hereof It is a See Episcopal a Bailly-wick or Seige Praesidial and an Vniversitie The See Episcopal founded in the Church of St. Crosse miserably ruined by the Hugonots in the civil Warrs out of meer hatred to the name The 〈◊〉 Praesidical setled here by King Henry the 2d 1551. for the ease of his Subjects of these parts in sutes not worth the troubling of the Courts of Paris The Vniversitie erected by King Philip le Bel An. 1312 though to speak properly it be an Hall only for the reading of the Civil Lawes the only learning there professed and for that considerable A Town now not of so great strength as in former times when for some moneths it held out against the whole power of the English rescued from them at last by the valour of Ioan the Virgin whose Statua like a man of Arms is still preserved on the Bridge-gate of this Citie neer which great Montacute E. of Salisburie had his fatal blow The MIDDLE or intermediate BEAVSSE lieth betwixt the former in which the places of chief note are 1 Blois seated also on the Loire in a sound air and fruitful Countrie the Nurserie for the most part of the Kings Children for that cause much resorted to by the Nobilitie and honoured sometimes with the residence of the Kings themselves it being in the Councel-Chamber of the Kings house here that Henry of Lorrein Duke of Guise the chief contriver of the terrible Massacre at Paris and Authour of the holy League was slain by the command of King Henry the 3d Anno 1589. 2 Chastean-Dun the chief Town of the Earldom of Dunois the honour and estate of Iohn Earl of Dunois commonly called the Bastard of Orleans one of the best Souldiers of his time and so approved by
the same sense and for the same pleasant situation called loyâ—ux Guard in the time of Lancelot du Lake whos 's that Castle was Which appears further by a Tower built at Constantinople by 〈◊〉 the third of that name Lord hereof being then 〈◊〉 to the Emperour from King Philip â—ugustus with this inscription Turris 〈◊〉 which there continued to be seen a long time after 2 Belle-ville where is an Abbie founded by Humâ—ert the second Anno 1158. 3 Ville Franche environed with Walls by Humbert the fourth whose Sonne Guâ—scheâ—d the third above mentioned founded here a Convent of Franciscans called to this day Minâ—rette 4 Noironde 5 St. Maâ—rice 6 Vâ—fie 7 Obâ—hes concerning which there have been long and many Wars betwixt the Earls of Forrest and these Lords of Beau-jeu This Countrie as that other of Fourest was once part of the Earldom of Lions in the partaâ—e of which â—state it fell to Omphroy one of the Brothers of Earl Aâ—tand Anno 989. whose Successor had no other title than Lords of Beau-jeu They were most of them men of great piety founders of many Collegiate and conventuall Churches some of them of action also Humbert the second and the fifth Adventurers in the Wars of the Holy Land Vichard the second in those against the English Guischard the fourth made Constable of France by King Lewis the ninth But the house failing in this Guischâ—rd it was united unto that of the Earls of Forrest as before is said in the person of Regâ—and Earl thereof whose Sonne and Successour called Lewis was also Constable of France as Edward the Grand-child of this Lewis a Marshall of it But at the last it fell into the hands of a lewd and wicked Prince Edward the second who being imprisoned at 〈◊〉 for his great offences and overlaid with Wars by the Dukes of Savoy made a donation or free gift of all his â—â—gneuries to Lewis Duke of Bourbon surnamed the good and direct Heir of Guy Earl of Forrest the eldest Sonne of Regnand Earl of Forrest and Lord of Beau-jeu above mentioned and consequently of next kin to him Anno 1400. 4 AUVERGNE hath on the East Forrest and Lyonis on the West Limosin Perigort and Quâ—reu on the South part of 〈◊〉 and on the North Berry and Bourbonnois It is divided into the Higher and Lower The Lower being called Limaigne is fruitfull in a very eminent degree the Higher mountainous and baren In this last the Towns of chief note are 1 St. Flour a Bishops See of an impregnable situation 2 Ovillac on the River Iourdain defended with a strong Castle on the top of a Rock 3 Beouregard on the River Gardon 4 Carlat 5 Murat 6 Pillon of which little observable in antient stories In the Lower called Limaigne from a River of that name which falls into the Ailier there is 1 Clermont a Bishops See fair and pleasing for the situation and Fountains descending from the hills of the higher Auverâ—n the chief Citie of the whole Province Most memorable in these later Ages for the Councill here called by Pope Vrban the second Anno 1067. in which by the artifice of the Pope the Christian Princes of the West ingaged themselves in the Wars of the Holy Land giving thereby the better opportunity to the Popes to enlarge both their Territories and their power It was first raised out of the ruines of Gergovia the head Citie of the Auverni in the time of Saesar and the seat Royall of Vercingetorex King of that Nation who so long put him to his trumps with an Army of 138000 men now a small Village Called Gergeau 2 Rion in which resides the Seneschall or chief Governour of the Lower Auvergn 3 Montpensier of great note for the Princes of the house of Bourbon once Dukes hereof beginning in Lewis the first Earl Sonne of John Duke of Bourbon Anno 1415 and ending in Henry the last Duke whose Daughter and Heir was maried to the Duke of Orleans Brother of Lewis the thirteenth 4 Montferant 5 Yssoire 6 Bâ—ionde 7 Aigueperse 8 Turenne the antient Seat and Patrimony of the De Lâ— Tours now Soveraigns of Sedan and Dukes of Bouillon to whom it hath for some ages since given the title of Viscount A family descended from the Heirs generall of Eustace Earl of Bouâ—oâ—ne in Picardy Father to Gâ—dfrey of Bouillon Duke of Lorreine The Country first inhabited in the times of the Romans by the potent Nation of the Auverni whose King 〈◊〉 was taken prisoner and led in triumph unto Rome in the War against the Salii the Atlobroges and others of their Confederates Not fully conquered till Caesar had subdued their King Vâ—rcingetorix They were afterwards part of the Province of Aquitania prima retaining in the often changes of the Empire its old name of Auvergn heretofore part of the great Dutchie of Aquitaine remaining subject to those Dukes till William the eighth Duke and the fourth of that name gave it in Portion with one of his Daughters in whose line it continued under the title of the Dâ—uchins of Auvergn till Berault the last Earl or Dauphin of it Who having maried the Heir of Guy Earl of Forrest the Sonne of Regnaud above mentioned had by her a Daughter named Anne Heir of both Estates maried to Lewis the good the third Duke of Bourbâ—n to whom Edward the last Lord of Beau-jeu made a Donation or surrendry of that Signeurie also uniting in his person the distinct Estates of Bourbon Beau-jea Forrest and Auvergne And as for Barbonnois it self in the distractions of the French Empire by the posterity of Charles the Great who most improvidently cantoned it into many great Estates and petit Signeuries it sell unto the share of the potent Family of the Damâ—ierre descended from the antient house of Bourgogne who held it till the year 1308. At what time Lewis the ninth for the advancement of Robert Earl of Clermont in Beauvâ—isin his fift Son maried him to Beatrix Daughter and Heir of Archenbald Dampierre the last of that house Lewis the Sonne of this Robert was the first Duke of this Line whose successours and their atchievements follow in this Catalogue of The Lords and Dukes of Bourbon 1308. 1 Robert Sonne of King Lewis the 9th Earl of Clermont the first Lord of Bourbon of the house of France 1317. 2 Lewis the first Duke of Bourbon Peer and Chamberlain of France 1341. 3 Peter Peer and Chamberlain slain in the Battle of Poictiers Anno 1356. 1356. 4 Lewis II. called the Good in whose person all these Estates were first united Peer and Chamberlain of France and Governour of King Charles the sixth 1410. 5 John Peer and Chamberlain taken Prisoner at the Battle of Agincourt and died in 〈◊〉 the root of the Familie of Montpensier 1434. 6 Charles Peer and Chamberlain Generall of the Army against the English in the life of France 1456. 7 Iohn II Peer Chamberlain and Constable of France 1487. 8 Peter II. Brother of Iohn
North-East with those Pyrenees The Figure of it compared by Strabo to an Oxes Hide spread upon the ground the neck thereof being that Isthmus which unites it to France This Countrie hath in divers Ages been as diversly named 1. Hesperia either from Hesperus a supposed King hereof or from Hesperus the Evening Star under which it was supposed to be situate as being the furthest Countrie West-ward to difference it from Italy which many of the Greek Authors termed Hesperia also named Hesperia Minâ— 2. It was called Ibeâ—ia either from the famous River Iberus or from the Iberi inhabiting that Countrie of Asia which we now call Georgia as Celtiberia from the mixture of those Asian Iberi and the Celts of Gaul by which name it occurreth often in Appiau of Alexandria and sometimes in Strabo 3 Hispania as the soundest judgements agree from Panus the Iberian Captain For the Grecians call it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Spania as may be proved in many places that especially of the 15 to the Râ—mâ—ns verse 28. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 I will come by you into Spain No doubt but from the Grecians the old Roman borrowed the name of Spania which they often used to which the Spaniards according to their custom adding E as in Escola Escuda c. made it â—spania and now Hispania In like manner as the famous Citie of Sevill called at first Spalis according whereunto the Bishop hereof in the Councill of Eliberis subscribed himself by the name of Sabinus Spalensis in tract of time was called Hispalis And yet I must not pretermit the fancie of Bochartus who fetching the names of most places from the Punick Language will have it to be called Spaâ—ija or Sphanija by the Carthaginians or Phoenicians at their first discovery from Saphan which in the Punick tongue signifies a Conie with which that Country much abounded in the former times the Romans being hence furnished with them Let the Reader like it as he list The greatest length hereof is reckoned at 800 miles the breadth where it is broadest at 560 the whole circumference 2480 Italian miles But Mariana measuring the compass of it by the bendings of the Pyrenees and the creeks and windings of the Sea makes the full circuit of it to be 2816 miles of Italian measure And though according to the smallest computation it be above 400 miles in compass more than France yet is it farr short thereof in numbers of people France being thought to contain in it 15 millions of living souls whereas Spain is reckoned to contain but 8 millions only which is little more than half the number of the French The reasons of which disproportion are 1 The continuall wars which they had for 900 years together against the Moores in their own Countrie by which they were consumed in the very growth 2. The Expulsion of so many thousand Families of Jewes and Moores 124000 Families of the one in the time of Ferdinand the Catholick and 110000. of the other by King Philip the 3d which was as the lopping off of a main limb from the body Politick though without any loss to the Ecclesiasticall 3. The unnecessary wars maintained against all the rest of Christendom ever since the time of Charles the fifth out of meer ambition before they were well cured of their former wounds 4. The infinite Plantations made by them in the East and Western Indies and all along the Sea-Coasts of Africa and those great Garrisons maintain'd in Milan Naples Sâ—il the Low-countries and their Towns in Africk consisting for the most part of natural Spaniards 5. The barrenness of the Countrie in many places unable to sustain great multitudes but made more barren than it would be for want of men to labour and manure the Land And 6. and last of all the Impotencie of both Sexes for Generation the men being generally more hot upon their lusts than able for Generation and the women for the most part beginning to be Mothers so extremely young that nature is decay'd and spent in them before they have run half their course And t is a most true and undoubted Maxime that the greatness of Cities and populousness of Kingdoms and Common wealths doe much depend on the generative vertue of the men and the nutritive vertue of the soyl in which they live It is situate in the more Southernly part of the Northern temperate Zone and almost in the middest of the fourth and sixth Climates the longest day being fifteen hours and a quarter in length in the most Northern parts hereof but in the extreme South neer to Gibraltar not above fourteen Which situation of this Countrie rendreth the Air here very cleer and calm seldom obscured with mists and vapours and not so much subiect to diseases as more Northern Regions They are a mixt People descending from the Gothes Moâ—res Jewes and the antient Spaniards From the Iewes they borrow superstition from the Moores Melancholy Pride from the Gothes and from the old Spaniards the desire of Liberty The Jewes first planted here by the Emperour Adrian who having totally banished them their Native Countrie sent them hither to dwell the totall number of which Plantation is said to amount to 500000. men women and children and yet their numbers much increased in the time of Vlidor Vlet the Great Caliph of the Sarazens who having made a Conquest of Sâ—ain sent hither 50000 Families of Moores and Iewes the better to assure it to him And so we have the coming in of the Moores and Iewes the Conquest of it by the Gothes and their setling here shall be shewn hereafter which severall Nations by long time and intermariages together were at last incorporated into one For their conditions it is said that they are highly conceited of themselves great Braggards and extremely proud even in the lowest ebb of Fortune Which last appeareth by the tale of the poor Cobler on his death-bed who as Barklay in his Icon Animorum reporteth the storie commanded his eldest Sonne coming to him for his last blessing to endeavour to retain the majesty worthy so great a Family Memineris said he in maâ—estaâ—em assurgere familia â—na dignam The same Author relateth another story to the like purpose A woman of this Country attended on by three of her brats went a begging from dore to dore Some French Merchants travelling that way and pittying her case offered her to take into their service the bigger of her boyes But she proud though poor scorning as she said that any of her linage should endure a Prentiship returned them this answer Quî aut tu â—ut ego sâ—iamus in quae fata sit genitus For ought that she or any kâ—ew her Sonne simple as he stood there might live to be King of Spain Not much unlike to theâ—e is that tale of a Spanish Cavaleiro who being for some faults by him committed whipped thorough the principal streets of Paris and keeping a sober pace was advised by a friend
The Town adorned with large streets handsome buildings strong Walls and a very pleasant situation called Barcino by the ancient writers in whoâ—e time it was a Romaâ— Colonie now honoured with a Bishops See and the seat of the 〈…〉 2 Tâ—â—ragone seated also on the Mediterranean East of the River Francolino built fortified and peopled by the two Sâ—ipiâ—s the Father and Vncle of Afâ—icanâ—s for a Counter-Fort to Câ—rthagena or New Carâ—hage not long before founded by the Carthaginians afterwards made the Metropolis of Tarrdâ—onensis hence denominated stript of that honour by Tolâ—de and is now but two miles in compass and containing not above 700 Families Yet still it holdeth the reputation of an Archbishops See contending with 〈◊〉 for the Primacie of all Spain as Braga alâ—o doth in the Kingdom of Portugal the controversie being undecided to this very day 3 Ampurias on the same sea also once of great esteem founded by the Massiâ—ans a Roman Colonie and a well traded Town as the name doth signifie this being the 〈◊〉 spoken of by Strabo and Ptolomie now not observeable for any thing but a safe Road for Ships 4 Blanos 5 Palamos and 6 Rosas all Ports on the same Sea but subject unto divers Winds and not very spacious More in the Land are 7 Girone a small but handsomely built and a well traded Town a Bishops See and the title of the eldest Sonne of Aragon called Prince of Girone Which title was first given to Iohn the eldest Sonne of King Pedro the fourth immediately upon his birth Anno 1351. and hath since continued 8 Tortosa on the River Ebro in the most rich and pleasant part of all the Country A goodly Town and of great importance garrisoned by the French since the late revolt of Catalonia from the King of Spain and like to draw a great part of this Province after it whilest it continueth in their power or the possession of their party 9 Vrgel a Earls honour and a Bishops See situate at the foot of the Pyrences 10 Momblane which heretofore gave the title of Duke to the second Sonnes of the Kings of Aragon Here is also on the East part where it joyneth with the land of Rousillon the Promontary called of old Templum Veneris now Cabo de Ceux and not far from Barcelone the Mountain called Montserrato on the sides full of Hermitages and Anchorets cells and having towards the summit of it a Chappell dedicated to the Virgin Mary much famed and resorted to by Pilgrims from all parts of the World for her miraculous Image which is there enshrined The old Inhabitants of this Province were the Castellani Auxitani Indigites Cosetani with part of the Ilercones Iaccetani all of them part of Tarraconensis In the declining of the Empire seized on by the Alani and they soon after vanquised if not dispossessed by the power of the Gothes Lost to the Moores in the general ruine of the whole from them recovered by the puissance of Charles the great who having taken the City of Barcelone Anno 801. gave it to one Bernard a Frenchman with the title of Earl who Governed the Country for that Emperor as Wâ—fredus or Godfredus his successor did for Lewis the Godly Godfredus Sonne to this Godfrede by the gift of Charles the Gross was the first Proprietary united unto Aragon by the mariage of Earl Raymond with the Heir of that Kingdom The Earls of Barcâ—lone A. Ch. 884. 1 Godfredus surnamed the Hairie Sonne of Wifrede the Provinciall Governour for the Emperour Ludovicus Pius 914. 2 Miron Sonne of Godfredus 933. 3 Godfredus II. Sonne of Miron by some called Seniofrid 971. 4 Borellus Brother of Miron and Vncle of Godfred the second 993. 5 Raymond Sonne of Borellus 1017. 6 Berengarius surnamed Borellus Sonne of Raymond 1035. 7 Raymond II. Sonne of Borengarius Borellus 1076. 8 Raymond III. Sonne of Raymond the second 1082. 9 Raymond IV. Sonne of Raymond the third Earl of Provence also in right of Dâ—ulce his wife 1131. 10 Raymond V. Sonne of Raymond the fourth and Dâ—ulce Countess of Provence maried Petronilla Daughter of Raymir or Raymond the second King of Aragon whom he succeeded in that Kingdom Anno 1134. Uniting these Estates together never since dis-joyned The Arms hereof were four Pallets Gules in a field Or now the Arms of Aragon Which Arms were given to Geofrie surnamed the Hairie the first Earl hereof by Lewis the Stammering Emperor and King of France to whose aid he came against the Normans with a Troop of horse and being bloody in the fight desired of the Emperour to give him some Coat of Arms which he and his Posterity might from thenceforth use Who dipping his four fingers in the blood of the Earl drew them thwart his Shield which was only of Plain Gold without any Devise saying This shall be your Arms hereafter 11 The Kingdom of MAIORCA THe Kingdom of MAIORCA contained the Ilands of Majorca Minorca Ebuâ—sa and Frumentaria in the Mediterranean the Land of Rousillon Sardaigne or Cerdagne in the Continent of Spain and the Earldom of Montpâ—lier in France The Land of ROVSILLON which is the first Member of this Kingdom is situate betwixt two Branches of the Pyrenâ—es bounded on the South with the Mediterranean on the West with Catalogne on the North with the said Pyrenees on the East with Languedoc in France Places of most importance in it are 1. Helna a Bishops See on the River Techo 2. Collâ—bre now a poor and ignoble Village of note only for a safe and commodious Harbour but formerly the great and famous Citie of Illiberis so often mentioned in the wars betwixt Rome and Carthage 3. Perpignan in Latine Perpinianum built in the yeer 1068. by Guinard Earl of Rousillon in a pleasant Plain on the River Thelis now a rich Town well traded and as strongly fortified against the French to whose fury in the time of war it is still exposed Besieged by Henry Sonne to King Francis the first with a puissant Army Anno 1542 Pertly to be revenged upon Charles the fifth who had before attempted Marsâ—illes in Provence partly to get into his hands a chief door of Spain by which he might at all times enter into that Kingdom But he found here such strong resistance that he was fain to raise his siege with as little honour as Charles had gotten by the Expedition which he made into Provence 4. Salsus the Salsulâ—e of Strabo a strong place on the Frontire of Languedock fortified according to the Rules of modern Fortification and one of the chief Bulwarks against the French 5. Rousillon a Castle of more honour and antiquity than strength or beauty by Plinie and other Antients called Ruseino the Countrey Comitatus Ruseinoâ—ensis now Rousillon and the Land of Rousillon accounted heretofore a part of Gaule Narbonensis and added unto Spain in the time of the Gothes On the death of Gerard the last Proprietarie Earl it was added
of their Husbands Estates and there equall share in all Lands yea even such as are holden in Knights service privileges wherewith other Women are not acquainted Of high esteem in former times amongst forrein Nations for the modestie and gravitie of their conversation but of late times so much addicted to the light garb of the French that they have lost much of their antient honour and reputation amongst knowing and more sober men of forrein Countries who before admired them 6 The Wooll of Enâ—land is of exceeding fineness especially that of Cotswold in Glocestershire that of Lemster in Herefordshire and of the Isle of Wight Of this Wooll are made excellent broad-clothes dispersed all over the world especially High Germany Muscovy Turkie and Persia to the great benefit of the Realm as well in return of so much money which is made of them as in setting to work so many poor people who from it receive sustenance Before the time of King Edward the 3d English men had not the art or neglected the use of making cloth till whose time our Wooll was transported unwrought And as his Successors have laid Impositions on every cloth sold out of the Realm so his Predecessors had as their occasions required some certain Customes granted on every sack of Wooll In the beginning of this Edwards Warres with France the Cities and Towns of Flanders being then even to admiration rich combined with him and ayded him in his Warres against that King And he for his part by the composition then made was to give them 140000 l. ready money to ayd them by Sea and Land if need required and to make Bâ—uges then one of the great Mart Towns of Christendome the Staple for his Woolls Here the Staple continued 15 yeers at which time the Flemmings having broke off from the King and he having by experience seen what the benefit of these Staples were removed them from Bruges into England And for the ease as well of his Subjects in bringing their Woolls unto the Ports as of such Forrein Merchants as came to buy he placed his Staples at Excester Bristoll Winchester Westminster Chichester Canterbury Norwich Lincoln York and Newcastle for England at Caermarden for Wales and at Dublin Waterford Cork and Tredah for Ireland He further Enacted that no English Irish or Welch men should transport this Stapled commodity no not by License if any such should be granted on pain of Confiscation and Imprisonment during the Kings pleasure Lastly he allured over hither divers Flâ—mmings which taught our men the making of clothes who are now grown the best Clothworkers in the World and to encourage men in that Art it was by a Statute of the 27th of Edward the 3d enacted to be Felony to carry any Woolls unwrought When England had some short time enjoyed the benefit of these Staples the King removed them to Callice which he had Conquered and desired to make wealthy From hence they were at severall times and occasions translated now to one now to another Town in Belgium and still happy was that Town in what Country soever where the English kept a house for this Traffick the confluence of all people thither to buy infinitely inriching it Antwerp in Brabant long enjoyed the English Merchants till upon some discontents between King Henry the 7th and Maximilian Archduke and Lord of Belgium they removed but at their return again were received by the Antwerpians with solemn Procession Princely Triumph sumptuous Feasts rare Banquettings and expressions of much Love but more Ioy. And the giving of some Cotswold Sheep by Edward the 4th to Henry of Castile and John of Aragon Anno 1465. is counted one of the greatest prejudices that ever hapned to this Kingdom The Wooll transported bringeth into the Kingdom no less than 1500000 l. and the Lead half the summe so that Lewis Guicciardine reporteth that before the Warres of the Low-Countries the Flemmings and the English bartered wares yeerly for 12 Millions of Crowns The next commodity to the Wooll though not mentioned in the verse fore-going are the rich and inexhaustible Mines of Cole Lead and Tinne to say nothing of the Mines of Iron as bringing more damage to the publick by the spoil of Woods than profit to particular persons in the increase of their Estates The mines of Cole chiefly enrich Newcastle in Northumberland and by that the great City of London and many other good Towns besides which could not possibly subsist in this generall decay of Woods and neglect of planting but by this commoditie The Mines of Lead are most considerable in the Peak of Darbishire those of Tinne in Cornwall where they digge Tinne not much inferior to Silver in fineness A commodity which brought great wealth to England in former times the art of making it not being elsewhere known in Europe till one of the Tinne-workers flying out of England for a murder passed into Germany Anno 1240. and there discovered some Tinne Mines in Misnia not known before and set on Foot that trade amongst them to the great prejudice saith my Author of the Earls of Cornwall who had before the sole Monopolie of that usefull metall To these particulars being matters of profit and necessity If I would add such things as are for delight and pleasure I might subjoyn the Bells and Parks for which this Kingdom is as eminent among forein Nations as for any of those mentioned in the said old Verse The Bells so many tunable and of such excellent Melody to a Musicall eare brought more to the command of the skilfull ringer than in former times that it is thought there are more good Rings of Bells in this part of the Iland than in half Christendom besides Parkes more in England than in all Europe The first of which kind for the inclosing of Venison being that of Woodstock made by King Henry the first whose example being followed by his Successors and the Lords and great men of the Realm the number so increased in a little time that at the last besides 55 Forrests and 300 Chases there were reckoned 745 Parkes in England all well replenished either with Red or Fallow Deere And that the Deere might graze with pleasure and the Sheep with safety great care was taken by our progenitors for the destruction of Wolves I know it hath been a tradition of old Writers that England never had any Wolves at all and that they would not live here brought from other places but it is not so here being store of them till Edgar King of England commuted the 20 l. of Gold 300 l. of Silver and 300 head of Cattell imposed as an yearly tribute by King Athelstane upon Idwallo Prince of Wales for the like yearly tribute of 300 Wolves by which means they were quite rooted out in time the Welch protesting at the last they could find no more The Air of this Country is very temperate neither so hot as France and Spain in the Summer because of its
free Chappels and 645 Abbeys and Monasteries more than half of which had above the yeerly income of 200 l. in old rents many above â—0â—0 and some 4000 almost So studious were our Ancestors both in those times of blindness and these of a clearer sight to encourage men to learning and then reward it The Soldierie of England is either for the Land or for the Sea Our Victories by Land are most apparent over the Irish Scots Cypriâ—ts Turks and especially French whose kingdom hath been sore shaken by the English many times especially twice by King Edward the 3d and Henry the 5th this latter making so absolute a conquest that Charles the 7th like a poor Royâ—d ' Ividot confined himself to Boâ—rges where having casheered his retinue he was found in a little Chamber at Supper with a napkin laid before him a rump of mutton and two chickens And so redoubted even after our expulsion from France our civil dissentions rather causing that expulsion than the French valour was the English name in that Countrey that in the Wars between K. Charles the 8th and the Duke of Bretagne the Duke to strike a terrour into his Enemies apparelled 1500 of his own Subjects in the arms and Cross of England But as the Ass when he had on the Lyons skinne was for all that but an Ass and no Lyon so these Britons by the weak resistance they made against their Enemies shewd that they were indeed Britons and no English men Spaâ—n also tasted the valour of our Land-Soldiers when John of Gaunt pursued his title to 〈◊〉 was sent home with 8 Waggons laden with gold and an annuall pension of 10000 marks as also when the Black Priâ—ce re-established K. Peter in his Throne And then also did they acknowledge though they felt not the puissance of the English when Ferdinand the Catholique surprized the Kingdom of Navarre For there were then in 〈◊〉 a Town of Guipuse English Foot 〈…〉 there to joyn with this Ferdinand in an expedition against France Concerning which 〈…〉 giveth this 〈◊〉 That the Kingdom of Navarre was yeelded rather for the fear and re 〈◊〉 〈…〉 English Forces that were at hand than by anâ— puissance of the King of Aragon Since those 〈◊〉 the Spaniard much esteemed us as appeareth by this Speech of theirs to our Soldiers at 〈…〉 You are all tall Soldiers and therefore when you come down to the Trenches 〈…〉 and look for blowes but as for these base and cowardly French when they come 〈…〉 nothing to doe but play or 〈◊〉 our Ramparts The like the Netherlanâ—◠〈…〉 onely this is the grief of it The English are like Pyrrhus King of Eâ—yrus fortunate to conquer kingdomâ— but unfortunate in keeping them Not to say any thing of the late but great experience which the English Soldiery hath gotten by the Civill broiles among them 〈◊〉 At which my heart so â—keth and my hand so trembleth that I shall only adde in the words of 〈◊〉 Heu quantum potâ— it coeli pelagique parari Hoc quem Civiles fuserunt sanguine dextrae That is to say How much both Sea and Land might have been gain'd By that dear blood which Civill Wars have drain'd As for their valour at Sea it may most evidently be perceived in the battel of Scluse wherein King Edward the 3 d with 200 Ships overcame the French Fleet consisting of 500. Sail of which be sunk 200 and slew 30000. Souldiers Secondly at the battel in 88. wherein a few of the Queens Ships vanquished the invincible Armado of the King of Spain consisting of 134. great Galleons and Ships of extraordinary bigness Sir Francis Drake with 4 Ships took from the Spaniard one million and 189200 Duckats in one Voyage Anno 1587. And again with 25 Ships he awed the Ocean sacked S. Iago S. Dominieo and Cartagâ—na carrying away with him besides Treasure 240 Peeces of Ordnance I omit the Circumnavigation of the whole World by this Drake and Candish the voyage to Cales as also how one of the Queens Ships named the Revenge in which Sir Richard Greenvile was Captain with 180 Souldiers wherof 90 were sick on the ballast maintained a Sea-fight for 24 hours against above 50 of the Spanish Galleons And though at last after her Powder was spent to the last barrel she yeelded upon honourable terms yet she was never brought into Spain having killed in that sight more than 1000. of their Souldiers and sunk 4 of their greatest Vessels I omit also the Discovery of the Northern passages by Hugh Wâ—lloughby Davis and Frobisber concluding with that of Kekerman Hoc certum est omnibus hodie gentibus navigandi industria periâ—â—ay superiores esse Anglos post Anglos Hollandos Though now I acknowledge not by what neglect and discontinuance of those honourable imployments the Hollanders begin to bereave us of our antient Glories and would fain account themselves Lords of the Seas and probably had been so indeed had not His Majesty by the timely reinforcing of his Navall Power Anno 1636. recovered again the Dominion of it The English Language is a De-compound of Dutch French and Latine which I conceive rather to adde to its perfection than to detract any thing from the worth thereof since out of every Language we have culled the most significant words and equally participate of that which is excellent in them their imperfections being rejected For it is neither so boystrous as the Dutch nor so effeminate as the French yet as significant as the Latine and in the happy conjunction of two words into one little inferior to the Greek The Christian Faith was first here planted as some say by S. Peter and Paul more probably as others say by Ioseph of Arimathea whose body they find to have been interred in the Isle of Avalo where the Abbie of Glastenbury after stood But that of his plantation being almost rooted out by long Persecutions and no supply of Preachers sent from other places Lucius a King of Britaine and the first Christian King of Europe Anno 180. or thereabouts sent his Ambassadours to Eleutherius the then Pope of Rome to be furnished with a new supply of Pastors if not to plant yet at the least to water and confirm the Gospel planted here before but almost rooted out again by prevailing Gentilism At which time Lucius did not only receive the Faith himself but by the piety of his example and the diligence of the first Preachers sent from Rome being both of them naturall Britans it spread by little and little over all his Dominions and in some tract of time over all the Iland Which being thus recovered to the Faith of Christ was forthwith furnished with Bishops and Metropolitans according to the number of the Provinces and principall Cities twenty eight in all continuing here as long as Christianity it self For not to trust herein to the autority of the British History we find three Bishops of this Isle subscribing to the
Iohn expelled the invading French out of England and by a Composition with King Lewis the 9th was restored unto the Dukedom of â—â—yenne held by his Successors till the reign of K. Henry the sixt Exhausted by the Pope and oppressed a long time by his factious and unruly Barons but at last victorious 56. 1274. 9 Edward the Sonne of Henry awed France subdued Wales brought Scotland into subjection of whose King and Nobility he received homage 34. 1308. 10 Edward II. Sonne of Edward the first a dissolute Prince hated of the Nobles and contemned by the vulgar for his immeasurable love to Pierce Gaveston and the Sâ—eucers was twice shamefully beaten by the Scots and being deposed by a strong Faction raised against him by his Queen and Roger Lord Mortimer was barbarously murdered in Barkley Castle 19. 1327. 11 Edward III. Sonne of Edward the 2d a most vertuous and valorous Prince brought the Scots to obedience overthrew the French in two great Battails took the Town of Callice and many fair Possessions in that Kingdom 50. 1377. 12 Richard II. another of our unfortunate Kings lost many of his Peeces in France and at last being over-awed by his two great Vncles of Lâ—ncaster and Glecester and taken Prisoner by his Cosin the Duke of Hereford he was forced to resign his Crown and afterwards was murdered at Pomfret Castle The Lancastrian Line 1399. 13 Henry IV. Sonne to Iohn of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster the fourth Sonne to Edward the 3d was by the power of the Sword but with the consent of the people setled in the Throne and spent his whole Reign in suppressing home-bred Rebellions 15. 1414. 14. Henry V. the mirrour of Magnificence and Pattern of true vertue pursued the Title of France and won it being ordained Heir apparent to the French Crown but lived not to possesse it 9. 1423. 15 Henry VI. a pious but unfortunate Prince was crowned K. of France in Paris which he held during the life of his Vncle Iohn of Bedford and Humphrey of Glocester after whose deaths he not only lost France to the French but England and his life to the Yorkish Faction 38. The Yorkish Line 1461. 16 Edward IV. Sonne of Richard Duke of York the Sonne of Richard Earl of Cambridge and Grand-Sonne of Edmund of Langley Duke of York the fift Sonne of King Edward the third challenged the Crown in right of the Lady Anne his Grandmother Daughter of Roger Mortimer Earl of March the Sonne of Edmund Mortimer Earl of March and of Philippa his Wife sole Daughter of Lionel Duke of Clarence the third Sonne of the said King Edward and Elder Brother of Iohn of Gaunâ— The claim first set on foot by his Father the Duke of York who lost his life in pursuance of it at the Battail of Wakefeild with better fortune and success pursued by King Edward himself who finally after 9 bloody Battails fought between the Houses especially that of Towton in which were slain 36000 English was quickly seated in the possession of England and Ireland 23. 1484. 17 Edward V. his Sonne was before his Coronation murdered by his Vncle Richard in the Tower of London 1484. 18 Richard III. Brother of Edward the 4th a most wicked and tyrannicall Prince to make way unto the Diadem murdered King Henry the 6th and Prince Edward his Sonne 3. George Duke of Clarence his Brother 4 Hastings a saithfull servant to King Edward 5 Rivers Vaughan and Grey the Queens kindred 6 Edward the 5th his Soveraign with his young Cousin Richard 7 Henry Duke of Buckingham his dear Friend and greatest Coadjutor in these his ungodly Practices and his Wife Anne so to make way to an incestuous mariage with his Neece Elizabeth the Eldest Daughter of Edward the 4th but before the solemnity he was slain at Bosworth 3. The Vnion of the Families 1487 19 Henry VII Earl of Richmund Heir to the House of Lancaster as Sonne of Margaret Daughter of Iohn Duke of Somerset Sonne of Iohn Earl of Somerset Sonne of Iohn of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster after the overthrow of Richard maried Elizabeth Daughter and Heir to Edward 4th uniting by that mariage the divided Families He was also extracted from the British and French Royall blood as being Sonne to Edmund â—ndor Earl of Richmund Sonne to Owen Tudor descended from Cadwalladar the last of the Britans and Katharine of France Widdow of Henry the 5th His whole wars was against home-bred Rebels the chief being Lambert and the Followers and Fautors of Perken Warbeck 23. 1509. 20 Henry VIII Heir to both Families between which were fought for the Diadem 17 pitched Feids in which perished 8 Kings and Princes 40 Dukes Marquesses and Earls 200000 of the common people besides Barons and Gentlemen This King banished the usurped Supremacie of the Popes and began the Reformation of Religion though formerly he had writ a Book against Luther for which the Pope gave him the honourable Title oâ— The Defender of the Faith afterwards made Hereditarie by Act of Parliament to his Heirs and Successors A Prince of great vices but or greater vertues 38. 1547. 21 Edward VI. the Sonne of Henry the 8th by Iane Seymour his 3d Wife out of whose womb he was fain to be cut to come into the World as Caesar was but he had neither Caesars Fortune nor length of life dying very young and his affairs conducted by divided Counsels though otherwise of great hopes and of a pregnancie of judgement above his yeers 6. 1553. 22 Mary the Daughter of King Henry the 8th by Katharine of Spain the Widow of his Brother Arthur restored the Popes Supremacy banished by her Father with the whole mass of Popery abolished in her Brothers Reign To which Religion so addicted that in the short time of her Reign there was more blood shed than in the whole 44 yeers of her Sister Elizabeth In the last yeer of her Reign she lost Calice to the French which proved the loss of her life also as it was supposed 5. 1558. 23 Elizabeth the Daughter of King Henry the 8th by the Ladie Anne Bullein his second Wife a most gracious and Heroick Princess was by the divine providence of God preserved from the practices of her Enemies in her Sisters reign to sway the Scepter of the kingdom She pursued the Reformation of Religion begun in the times of her Father and Brother refined the corrupt coin brought in by her Father furnished the Royall Navy with all kind of warlike Ammunitions encreased the Revenue of the Universities by the Statute of Provisions succoured the Scots against the French the French Protestants against the Papists and both against the Spaniard defended the Netherlands against the attempts of Spain commanded the whole Ocean entred League with the Moscovite and was famous for her prudence and government amongst the â—urks Persians and Tartars yea her very Enemies Finally she died in the 45 yeer of her reign and the 70th of her life on the 24th of
Boulogne in Picardie to whom he brought the famous Godfrey surnamed of Bovillon because Duke thereof before he did succeed into that of Lorrain renowned for the conquest of Hierusalem and the Holy-land Who afterwards succeeding in the Dukedome of Lorrain sold his Estates of Bovillon unto Obert Bishop of Leige as before was said by whom and his Successors both the Estate and Title of Duke of Bovillon was peaceably enjoyed till the yeaâ— 1530 or thereabouts when Eberhaâ—d of Mark Bishop and Cardinall of Leige sold it to Robert Earl of Mark his brother descended from Engelbert Earl of Mark and a daughter of the house of Aremberg who brought with her Sedan Jamais and others of the Towns spoken of before But Robert being worsted by Charles the 5. for whom he was too weak an enemy the Town of Bovillon being taken by the conquering Emperour was afterwards restored to the Bishops and nothing but the title of Dukes of Bovillon left to the Princes of Sedan And that he might be able to hold Sedan this Robert was fain to return again to the protection of the French as his Ancestors had done before and died anno 1535. leaving hâ—s titles and estate unto Robert his son one of the Marshals of France whose grandson called also Robert being a dear friend and companion of Henry of Bourbon K. of Navarre and afterwards of France also dying without issue at Geneva anno 1588 committed to him the disposall of his estates and of the Lady Charlotte his only Sister And he so well discharged his trust that having setled his own affairs he gave the Lady in marriage to Henry de la Tour Viscount of Turene in France one who had done him very good service in the course of his long war against the Leaguers and with her the possession of Sedan and the title of Bovillon whose posterity do still enjoy it As for the Town of Bovillon it self being taken from Duke Robert by Charles the 5. and from the Imperialists by the French anno 1552. as before was said it was at last restored unto the Bishop of Leige by the treaty of Cambray anno 1559. but without prejudice to the title of the Prince of Sedan So that at this time there are no fewer then three which write themselves Dukes of Bovillon viz. the Bishop of Leige who hath possession of the Town the house of de la Tour who is invested in Sedan and some other pieces and finally the Heirs Males of the collatorall line of the house of Mark who hold some other parts and places of this estate But to return again to the Dutchy of Luxembourg it was at first a part of the great Earldome of Ardenne dismembred from it in the time of the Emperour Otho the first by Sigefride the son of Ricuinus Prince thereof who in the division of that estate amongst his Brethren had this for his portion with the title of Earl denominated from the Castle now the town of Luxembourg selected by him for the seat of his principality Of his Successours there is little to be found upon good record untill the time of Henry the 1. father of Henry the 7. Emperour of Germany and of a Royall progeny of Kings and Princes two of the which are most considerable though all of them of eminent quality in their severall times viz. 1. Henry elected and crowned Emperour by the name of Henry the 7. said to be poisoned by a Frier in the Holy Chalice to prevent some designs he had against the Pope in asserting the Imperiall power in Italie 2. John the son of this Henry chosen King of Bohemia in regard of his marriage with Elizabeth daughter of Wenceslaus King thereof the possession of which Realm he left unto his Posterity advanced unto a Dukedome by Charles the 4. the eldest son of this John in the person of Wenceslaus his younger brother What else concerns it we shall finde in this following Catalogue of EARLS and DUKES of LVXEMBOVRG 1 Sigifâ—ide the son of Ricuine Prince of Ardenne 2 Henry Earl of Luxembourg slain in the quarrell of Rainold Earl of Gueldres contending with John Duke of Brabant for the Dutchie of Limbourg 3 Henry II. by means of his brother Baldwin Elector of Triers chosen Emperour of the Germans the 7. of that name anno 1308. first crowned at Aken and afterwards at Rome one of the last Emperours that medled in the affairs of Italy 1313 4 John son of Henry II. Earl of Luxembourg married Elizabeth daughter of Winceslaus the elder King of Bohemia of which he was upon that marriage elected and crowned King anno 1311. in the life of his father slain by the English in the battell of Crecie anno 1346. 1346 5 Wenceslaus the younger son of John created Duke of Luxembovrg by his elder brother Charles the 4. Emperour and King of Bohemia 1383 6 Wenceslaus II. eldest son of the said Charles the 4. Emperour and King of Bohemia also succeeded his Uncle in the Dukedome 1419 7 Sigismund brother of Wenceslaus succeeded Wenceslaus in all his estates to which he added the Crown of Hungarie by the marriage of Mary daughter of King Lewis the first 8 Elizabeth daughter of John Duke of Garlitz a Town of Lusatia the brother of Sigismund by the giâ—t of Sigismund her Uncle being then alive the better to fit her for the bed of 〈◊〉 of Bourgogn Duke of Brabant after whose decease she married John the 3. Earl of Hamalt Holland c. But having no issue by either of them she sold her interest in this Dukedome to Philip the Good in pursuance of the contract and agreement made at her first marriage for setling this estate in the house of Burgundie The Armes are B. six Barrulets A supporting a Lyon G crowned and armed Or. 7. LIMBOVRG The greatest of the Estates of Belgium for extent of territory at the time of their incorporating in the house of Burgundie was that of Brabant comprehending 5. of the 17. Provinces that is to say the Dukedome of Limbourg and Brabant the Marquisate of the holy Empire the Earldome of Namurce and the Seigneury of Macklyn 1. LIMBOVRG hath on the East the Dukedome of Gulick in High Germany on the West the Bishoprick of Leige on the North Brabant and on the South the Dukedome of Luxembourg The Soyle fruitfull of all necessary commodities excepting wines the want whereof is recompensed with most excellent wheat great store of sewell and plenty of the best iron mines in all these countries all which commodities it hath of so great excellency in their severall kinds that it is said of them proverbially that their Bread is better then bread their Fire hotter then fire and their Iron harder then iron It is also well stored with medicinable simples and enriched with a mine of Copperas by Plinie called Lapis â—rosus lib. 34. c. 10. which being incorporated with brasse makes Lattin and increaseth the brasse by one third part Lapis aerosus
II. called the Good Duke of Burgundie son and heir of John Duke of Burgundie elder brother of Anthony on the deth of his two Cousin Germans John and Philip succeeded In the Dukedom of Brabant as the direct heir of the Lady Margaret wife of Lewis de Malain and daughter of John the third the last Duke of Brabant of the house of Lovain The Arms hereof are Sable a Lyon Or. 12. HOLLAND 13. ZELAND 14. WESTFRISELAND Having thus spoken of those Provinces which stil continue in subjection to the King of Spain except some few towns in Flanders and Brabant before mentioned let us next look on those which have withdrawn their obedience from him beginning first with Holland and its Appendixes as of more power and consideration then all the rest Which though distinct Provinces and acting in their severall capacities at the present time yet having been alwayes under the command of the same Princes they must be joined together in the Storie of them but shall be severally handled as to the Chorographie HOLLAND so called quasi Holt-land that is to say a woodie country as Ortelius hath it but rather quast Hollow-land from the bogs and marishes and unsound footing on the same hath on the East the Zuider See Vtrecht and some part of Guelderland on the West and North the German Ocean on the South the Islands of Zeland and some part of Brabant The country for the most part lyeth very low in so much that they are fain to fence it with Banks and Ramparts to keep out the Sea and to restrain the Rivers within their bounds so that in many places one may see the Sea far above the Land and yet repulsed with those Banks and is withall so fenny and full of marishes that they are forced to trench it with innumerable dikes and channels to make it firm land and fit for dwelling yet not so firm as to bear either trees or much graine But such is the industry of the people and the trade they drive that having little or no corn of their own growth they do provide themselves elsewhere notonly sufficient for their own spending but wherewith to supply their neighbours having no timber of their own they spend more timber in building ships and fencing their water-courses then any country in the world having no wine they drink more then the people of the country where it groweth naturally and finally having neither Flax nor Wool they make more cloth of both sorts then all the countries in the world except France and England The present inhabitants are generally given to Sea-faring lives so that it is thought that in Holland Zeland and West-Friseland there are 2500. ships of war and burden The women for the most part laborious in making stufles Nay you shall hardly see a child of four years of age that is not kept to work and made to earn its own living to the great commendation of their government The greatest of their natural Commodities is Butter and Cheese of which besides that infinite plenty which they spend in their own houses and amongst their Garrisons they sell as much unto other Countries as comes to 100000 Crowns per annum By which means and by the greatnesse of their fish-trade spoken of before they are grown so wealthy on the land and so powerfull at Sea that as Flanders heretofore was taken for all the Netherlands so now Holland is taken generally for all the Provinces confederated in a league against the Spaniard The whole compasse of it is no more then 180 miles no part thereof being distant from the Sea above three houres journey and yet within that narrow circuit there are contained no fewer then 23 walled Towns and 400 Villages some situate in the North and others in South-Holland as it stands divided In South-Holland being that part hereof which lyeth next to Zeland and the middle channell of the Rhene passing from Vtrecht unto Leiden the principall Towns are 1. Dort in Latine Dordrectum formerly the Staple for Rhenish wines a large rich and well-peopled town anciently joined to the firm land but in the year 142 rent from it by the violence of the Sea and made an Iland of great command upon the traffique of the Maes and the Wael upon whose confluence it stands but of most note for an Assembly of Divines out of divers Countries following Calvins doctrine for condemnation of the Lutheran or Arminian Tenets concerning Universall Grace and Predestination deâ—â—â—nation anno 1618. 2. â—eterdam seated on a dike or channell called the Rotter not farre from which at a 〈◊〉 named 〈◊〉 the Leck one or the three main branches of the Rhene falleth into the Maâ—s among â—air and well traded Port the birth-place of the learned Erasmus 3. Schoon-heven situate on the 〈◊〉 a fair town having a commodious haven 4. Gorichom upon the VVael where it 〈◊〉 with the 〈◊〉 from the Church whereof one may discerne 22 walled townes 5. 〈◊〉 one of the six principall towns of Holland rich and well fortified seated on a Dike called Yssei drawn from the middle channell of Rhâ—ne as is also 6. Over-water and 7. Yssel-stein this last belonging properly to the Prince of Orange the first of great trade for making cables and cords for shipping 8. 〈◊〉 or Lugdunum Batavorum an University founded anno 1564. The town consisteth of 41 Islands to which they passe partly by boats partly by bridges whereof there are 144 and of them 104 builded with stone Here is in this town a castle said to have been built by Hengist the Saxon at his return out of England And not far off stood the famous Nunnerie of Rainsburg of the same nature with those of Mentz and Nivelle before described so liberally endowed that 2000 persons did there dayly receive relief 9. Vianen on the Leck a Seigneurie distinct from Holland pertaining antiently to the Lords of Brederode 10. Delse a town of great trade for cloathing large and well built beautified with spacious streets and goodly Churches the birth-place of that monstrous Heretick David George who called himself King and Christ Immortall He fled with his wife and children anno 1544 to Basil there he set up his Doctrine the points whereof were 1. That the Law and the Gospell were unprofitable for the attaining of Heaven but his Doctrine able to save such as receive it 2. That he was the true Christ and Messas 3. That he had been till that present kept in a place unknown to all the Saints and 4. that he was not to restore the house of Israel by death or tribulation but by love and grave of the Spirit He dyed in the yeare 1556. and three dayes after his Doctrine was by them of Basil condemned his goods confiscate and his bones taken up and burned Hee bound his Disciples to three things 1. to conceal his name 2. not to reveale of what condition hee had been and 3. not to discover the articles of his Doctrine to any
restored to all his own Knight of the Gatter 1648 13 Frederick son of Christiern the fourth his elder brethren being all dead without issue succeeded in the Crowns of Denmark and Norway Having thus mustered up the Kings of these severall Kingdomes taken distinctly and conjunct we must next look upon the way of their coming to their Regall throne their forme of Government together with the powerablenesse and revenues incident unto it As for the manner of their coming to the Regall Throne the Danes pretend the Kingdome to be Elective and not Hereditary yet so as they have alwayes set the eldest sonne on the throne of his Father unlesse some extraordinary occasion have disposed it otherwise But they that look upon their Stories in the former times can see no such matter the Kingdome going generally in the way of Succession unlesse by Faction or some popular and powerfull Pretender hath interloped as oftentimes hath hapned in such other Estates as are hereditary meerly without claim or colour of Election 'T is true that the male issue â—ailing in Olaus the son of Margaret and the Princes which pretended by the Females after her decease not being of sufficient power to assert their titles the Kingdome was transferred to the house of Oldenburg who held it on no other ground then by that of election Which being an extraordinary case is to make no Precedent though seconded by the outing of King Christiern the second and the advancement of Frederick unto that Estate being acts of violence and force and justified onely by the false Topick of successe But whosoever lost by the hand the Danes got well by it King Frederick taking up the Crown upon such conditions as have made him and his successours little more then Tâ—tulary For he was fain to swear at his Coronation that he would put none of the Nobility to death or banishment but by the judgement of the Senate that the great men should have power of Life and Death over their Tenants or Vassals that no Appeal should lie from them to the Kings Tribunall nor the King be partaker of the Confiscations nor finally advance any to Commands and Honours but by consent of his Great Councell Which Oath being also taken by his Successours made Bodinus say Non tam re ipsa quam appellatione Reges esse that they were onely Kings in Title but not Kings indeed Yet in regard that the Nobility so they call their Gentry have but small Estates none of them above the degree of Knights except onely the Princes of the Blood and that degree conferred by the King alone it is not often found that they have dared to crosse or oppose their King but when some of the Royall Family out of private ends have concurred with them in it as in the case of Christiern the second deposed by the people but those people headed and set on by his Uncle Frederick who had an eye upon the Crown As for the Senate or Great Councell spoken of before it consists wholly of men chosen out of the Nobility who are to prove their Gentry by a long descent seldome exceeding the number of 28. to each of which there is allowed a convenient Salary with some fair Castle in the Country for his retirements during his being of that bodie his whole estate being freed also for that time from all publick payments Without their counsell and advice the King is neither to determine of Peace or War or to enter into any new Leagues or Confederacies nor impose any Tax upon the Subject and unto them and the King joyntly is the last Appeal such being the constitution of this Estate that all Causes and Controversies are first decided in the Prefecture or Heret 184 in number where they first arise from whence it is Iswfull to appeal to the Judge of the Province from him to the Chancellour of the Kingdome and finally to the King and Councell By the Lawes of Waldemar the first who first reduced the Lawes into set form and writing the Bishops were to sit with this Councell in all causes of moment discharged from that employment by King Christiern the third by whom it also was ordained that the Clergy should not sell any of the Church-lands without leave of the King The Forces which this King or Kingdome are to raise may best be seen by some of their particular undertakings those specially of Christiern the second who at the request of Henry the second of France sent a Navy of an hundred sail into Scotland against the English and therein no fewer then 10000 Souldiers and of Frederick then Duke of Holst who in hiâ— war against this Christiern whose removall from the Crown he had then projected brought 80000 men into the field to make good his quarrell And questionlesse considering the many Poâ—ts and Ilands that this Crown is Master of both within the Baltick and without it cannot be but he may suddenly raise a strong power at Sea And then considering that each of the Nobility which are here numerous enough is bound to findâ— a certain number of Horse upon all occasions as are those also who hold lands of the Kings which the Danes call Verleâ—ninge it will accordingly be concluded that they are able to make good Levies for a sudden service especially in defence of their own dominions The Revenue of this King consisteth principally in the great impost laid upon all ships which passe through the Sound the greatnesse whereof may easily be conjectured at by the multitude of ships which of necessity must passe by it in the trade of the Baltick though of late somwhat lessened of what it was since the English found â—ut and frequented the Northern passage into Muscovia There are also some Crown-lands and a great yearly Tell made of the Catell which passe into Germany as also of the fish transported into other Countries And yet it is conceived that the Treasures of this King are not very great partly because there is no other important commodity but fish to draw Merchants thither and partly that there is not any one Town of any great Traffick in all his Realmes for the entertaining of commerce The chief Order of Knighthood in it is that of the Elephant instituted by Frederick the second Their badâ—e a Collar powdred with Elephants towred supporting the Kings Armes and having at the end the picture of the Virgin Mary The Armes hereof are Quarterly 1 Or three Lyons passant Vert crowned of the first for the Kingdome of Denmark and secondly Gules a Lyon Rampant Or Crowned and Armed of the first in his pawes a Dansk hatchet Argent for the Kingdome of Norway What Armes belong to him as Duke of Holst and Sleswick I am yet to seek There are in Denmark Archbishops 2. Bishops 13. Universities 2. Viz. Copenhagen Sore And so much for the Kingdome of DENMARK OF SWETHLAND SWETHLAND is bounded on the East with Muscovie on the West with the Dofrine hils which
truth it was a most famous University from whose great Cistern the Conduit-pipes of learning were dispersed over all the World Yet did not learning so effeminate or soften the hearts of the People but that 3 this one City yeelded more famous Captaines then any in the World besides not excepting Rome Miltiades Aristides Themistocles Cimon Pericles Alcibiades Phocion and divers others of great name Who though they were the men that both defended and enlarged this Common-wealth yet were the people so ungratefull to them or they so unfortunate in the end that they either dyed abroad in banishment or by some violent death at home Themistocles the Champion of Greece died an exile in Persia Phocion was slaine by the people Demosthenes made himself away by poison Pericles many times indangered Theseus their Founder first deposed and then despitefully imprisoned Aristides Alcihiades Nicius c. banished for ten years by Ostracism A form of punishment so called because the name of the partie banished was writ on an Oyster-shell and onely used toward such who either began to grow too popular or potent among the men of service Which device allowable in a Democratie where the overmuch powerablenesse of one might hazard the liberty of all was exercised in spight oftner then desert A Countrey-fellow meeting by chance with Aristides desired him to write Aristides in his shell and being asked whether the man whose banishment he desired had ever wronged him replyed No he was onely sorry to heare folke call him a good man We finde the like unfortunate end to most of the Romans so redoubted in warre Coriolanus was exiled Camillus confined to Ardea Scipio murdered with divers others onely because their virtue had lifted them above the pitch of ordinary men Ventidius was disgraced by Antony Agricola poysoned with the privity of Domitian Corbulo murdered by the command of Nero all able men yet living in an age wherein it was not lawfull to be valiant In later times it so hapned to Gonsalvo the Great Captain who having conquered the kingdome of Naples driven the French beyond the mountains and brought all the Italian Potentates to stand at the Spaniards devotion was by his Master called home where hee lived obscurely though honoured after his decease with a solemne Funerall Worse fared the Guise and Biron in France worse Essex and Dudley of Northumberland with us in England Neither will I omit William Duke of Suffolk who having served 34 yeares in our warres with France and for 17 yeares together never coming home at his return was quarrelled and basely murdered It were almost an impiety to be silent of Joab the bravest souldier and most fortunate Leader that ever fought the Lords battells and yet he died at the hornes of the Altar Whether it be that such men be born under an unhappy Planet or that Courtiers and such as have best opportunity to indeere men of warre unto their Soveraignes know not the way of commending their great deserts or that Envy the common Foe to vertue be an hinderance to it I am not able to determine And yet it may be that Princes naturally are distrustfull of men of Action and are not willing to make them greater whose name is great enough already And it may be the fault is in the souldiers themselves by an unseasonable overvaluing of their own performances as if the Prince or State were not able to reward or prize them which was the cause of the death of Silius in the time of Tiberiue concerning which Tacitus giveth us this good note that over-merit in great Subjects is exceeding dangerous and begets hate in stead of favours Eeneficia eo usque loet a sunt dum videntur exolvi posse Vbi multum anteverterunt pro gratia edium redditur saith that wise Historian But to look back againe on Athens it was first built by Cecrops the first King thereof governed by him and his posterity with no lower title for 400 yeares as is apparent by this following Catalogue of The KINGS of ATHENS A. M. 2394 1 Cecrops who first made Jupiter a God and ordained sacrifices to be offered to him as Pausanias writeth 2444 2 Cranaus outed of his Kingdome by 2453 3 Amphictyon the son of Deucalion and Uncle to that Amphictyon who first instituted the supreme Court of the Amphictyones or Common-Councell of all Greece 2463 4 Fricthonius the son of Vulcan 2513 5 Pandion the Father of Progne and Philomela so famous in the old Poets of whom more hereafter 2553 6 Eriâ—hthous whose daughter Orithya was ravished by Boreas King of Thrace 2603 7 Cecrops Il. brother of Erichtheus 2643 8 Pandion Il. son of Erichtheus 2668 9 Aegeus son of Pandion the second of whom the Aegean sea took name 2706 10 Theseus the son of Aegeus and Companion of Hercules vanquished the Minotaure in Crete collected the people of Attica into a body and incorporated them into the City of Athens which he had beautified and enlarged 2746 11 Mnestheus the son of Peteus Grandchild of Erichtheus served with the other Greeke Princes at the war of Troy 2769 12 Demophoon the son of Theseus restored unto his Fathers throne on the death of Maestheus 2802 13 Oxyntes son or brother of Demophoon 2814 14 Aphydas son of Oxyntes slaine by his brother 2815 15 Thymades the last of the line of Erichtheus 2823 16 Melanthius of Messene driven out of his own Kingdome by the Heraclide obtained that of Athens 2860 17 Codrus the son of Melanthius the last King of Athens who in the warres against the Pelopennesians having Intelligence by an Oracle that his Enemies should have the victory if they did not kill the Athenian King attired himselfe like a common Begger entred the Pelopennâ—sian Camp and there played such prancks that at the last they were fain to kill him Which when the Enemy understood they thought themselves by this meanes deprived of all hopes of successe and so broke up their Army and departed homewards For this the people of Athens did so honour his memory that they thought no man worthy to succeed as King and therefore committed the managing of the Estate to Governours for term of life whom they called Archontes the first Archon being Medon the son of Codrus not differing from the former Kings in point of power but only in the manner of their admission the former kings claiming the government by succession in right of bloud and these Archontes holding by election onely whose names here follow in this list of The perpetuall ARCHONTES in the STATE of ATHENS A. M. 2882 1 Medon the son of Codrus 2902 2 Acastus the son of Medon 2938 3 Archippus the son of Acasius 2957 4 Thersippus the son of Archippus 2998 5 Pherbas the son of Thersippus 3029 6 Megacles the son of Phorbas 3059 7 Diogenetus the son of Megacles 3087 8 Phereclus the son of Diogenetus 3106 9 Aritthon the son of Phereclus 3126 10 Thespieus in whose time began the Kingdom of
Time made more antiently the Kingdom of the Masaesyli one of the most powerful Nations in all this tract over whom reigned Syphax before mentioned called therefore by Strabo Masaesylilia with good propriety and corruptedly Massylia The Kingdom extended in length from East to West for the space of 380 miles but of breadth not answerable Is generally of the same nature as to the Soil and Air with the rest of Barbary sufficiently fruitful towards the Sea more barren and uncomfortable in the Southern parts But meanly peopled by reason of the continual spoils made by the Arabians who possess the Desarts and the Cities of it much wasted by continual wars Nor have the People any peculiar Character but what belongeth to others of these Africans also Places of most importance in it 1. Guagyda inconveniently seated as paying their accustomed tributes to the King of Tremesen their natural Prince and contribution to the Arabians who are here so numerous and powerful that the Kings themselves of this small kingdom were fain to buy their peace of them at excessive rates 2. Tigedent somtimes famous and abounding with men of learning now almost forsaken by reason of the ill neighbourhood of these Arabians 3. Tebocrit inhabited for the most part by Weavers 4. Bresch the Inhabitants whereof use to paint a black Crosse on their cheek and another on the palm of their hands the reason of which custom they are ignorant of but some conceive it to be a remembrance of their Christianity 5 Ned-Roma built as the people do pretend by the antient Romans as an Epitome or Abridgment of that mighty City to which it is said to have some resemblance and that imported by the name which signifieth in their language Like to Rome Perhaps the same which Ptolomy calleth Novum oppidum or the New-town then a Roman Colonie 6. Batha once a great City since decaied by wars 7. Oran a noted Haven on the Mediterranean said to contain no sewer then 10000 Families Powerful at Sea and much infesting with their Gallies the Coasts of Spain till taken for Ferdinand the Catholick by Peter of Navar A. 1506 since which time peopled possessed by the Spaniards In vain besieged by the Turks A. 1562. 8. Masalquivir a fair and capacious Haven on the same Sea also and taken by the said Peter of Navar about the same time 9. Haresgol in former times of much esteem amongst the Moors but being destroyed by the King or Sultan of Cairoan it bequeathed its greatness unto Tremesen which after grew into renown 10. Tremesen once adorned with many beautiful Mosques and five sumptuous Colleges curiously wrought with Mosuick work So populous that there were reckoned in it 16000 families and so well fortified that it held out seven years against Joseph the great King of Fesse not taken after that though they were very much weakned by Abulthasen or Albohacen his son successor under a siege of 30 moneths By those and the succeeding troubles it hath undergone exceedingly impaired both in strength and beauty More antient 11. Siga an African City and a Roman Colonie the retiring place of Syphax and Bocchus sometimes Kings of this Country 12. Arsenaria another Colonie of the Romans 13. Jol the seat-royal of king Bocchus after such time as this country was conferred upon him by the Romans on the taking of Jugurth called afterwards Casarea in honor of Augustus Caesar whose Feudatories the Kings hereof were then accounted or as some say in honor of Claudius Caesar by whom made a Colonie the Metropolis of it also when a Roman Province which from hence was called Caesariensis Situate in or near the place where Oran now stands which seemeth to have risen out of the ruines of it 14. Saldae a Roman Colonie also out of whose ruines rose Algiers 15. Algiers by the Arabians called Gezeir now the chief City of this Kingdom situate near the Sea in the form of a Triangle with an Haven to it but neither great nor safe from the north-winds which do much annoy it The buildings very beautiful the publike Innes Bathes and Mosques exceeding sumptuous every Trade having a several place or street by it self But that which is the greatest grace of it is the situation of the houses standing in even streets one above another upon the rising of a steep Hill so that the windows of one street or row of housing do all along overlook the tops of the other next beneath which yieldeth to the Sea a most pleasant prospect A City not so large as strong and not so strong as famous Famous for being the receptacle and retrait-place of the Turkish Pirats who domineer so infinitely over the Mediterranean to the great damage of the Merchants of all Nations that frequent those seas Famous also for the shipwrack which Charles the fifth here suffered who besieging this Town lost in the haven of it at one tempest besides an infinite number of Karvels and small Boats divers strong Gallies 140 ships a great many excellent peeces of Ordinance such a number of gallant Horses that in Spain the race of horses for service had like to have been lost for ever and above half his men It long enjoyed the benefit of proprietary princes but Homagers or Tributaries to the Kings of Tremesen till such time as Selimes and Mahomet faling out made the first and that an irreparable breach in the Government For Selimes to strengthen his side implored the aid of Hairaccius Barbarossa a noble Pirate who taking his best advantage slew the disjointed Brethren and setled himself in the kingdom which he had scarce made warm when he left it to Hairadine Barbarossa his brother An. 1514 This Hairadine drove the Spaniards out of Bugia and was so renowned for Martial prowesse that Solyman the magnificent made him Lord High-Admiral of his Fleet which office when to the prejudice of Christendome he had fortunately and for long time undergone he died lamented and made the Turk the heir of his kingdom the kingdom of Tremesen being made subject to the Turks much about that time 16. Tetuan and 17. Sargel situate Westward of Algiers Towns of Trade and Pyracie The old Inhabitants of this Kingdom when a Roman Province were the Herpiditani Taladusii Thalesssii Malchubii Maccurebi Chituae and others of as little note the most predominant Nation being the Masasyli over whom and in that over all the rest reigned Syphax spoken of before unfortunately famous for his tragical love to Sophonisba for whose sake siding with the Carthaginians against the Romans he was vanquished and sent prisoner to Rome His kingdom given to Masinissa King of the Numidians continued in his line till the death of Jugurth and then bestowed upon the Kings of Mauritania part of whose kingdom it was reckoned in the following times till made a Province of the Empire by the Emperor Clandius Won from the Romans by the Vandals and then by the Saracens it followed the fortunes of these last while they stood
Roman Emâ—ire or that of the Sultans under the Mahometan Caliphs and the Vice-Roys of the old Egyptian Pharaohs An office which had been born by the Ancestors of this Martel ever since the reign of Clotaire the second in whose time the Palatine or Mayre was one Arnulphus descended lineally from Vâ—ilo the second Sonne of Adalgerio the first King of the Boiarians or Bavarians Which Vtilo being a military Prince and having done good service to Theodorick the first King of Austrasia or Mets against the Danes then grievously infesting the Coasts of the Lower-Germany was by him made Warden of those Marches and honoured with the mariage of his Daughter Clotilde and liberally endowed with fair possessions in this tract The fourth from Vtilo was this Arunlph the first Mayre of this house which Office having long enjoyed he resigned it to Ansegisus his eldest Sonne the first who drew unto himself the Managery of the whole Estate and bidding farewell to the affairs of the World became a Priest and dyed a Bishop of Mets Anno 641. Afterwards Canonized a Saint Ansegisus dying in the year 679. left his authority and Office to his Nephew Martin Sonne of Ferdulphus his younger Brother But he being slain by Ebroinus one of the Competitors who a while enjoyed it Pepin surnamed the Pat Sonne of Ansegisus revenging his Cozins death upon Ebronius and crushing all the opposite factions which were raised against him obtained that honour for himself And having much advanced the affairs of France by the conquest of the Sueves and Frisons died in the year 714. Succeeded to in this great Office after his decease for Grimold his only lawfull Sonne and Theobalaus the Sonne of Grimold whom he had successively substituted in the same died not long before him by Charles his natural Son begotten on Albieda his Concubine from his martiall prowess called Martel Who in his time did to the Kings of France great service especially in routing that vast Army of the Moores and Saracens in the battel of â—ours before mentioned thereby not only freeing France from the present danger but adding Languedâ—c to the Crown formerly in possession of the Gothes and Moores for which he was created Duke or Prince of the French yet would he not usurp the Kingdom or the title of King though both at his disposall wholly it being his ordinary Saying that he had rather Rule a King than be one To him succeeded Caroloman his eldest Sonne Anno 741. who held the office but a year and then left it to his Brother Pepin Who being of less moderation than his Father was made such use of his power that partly by that means and partly under colour of an election confirmed by Pope Zacharie the first he took the Kingdom to himself and the unfortunate King Chilperick had his powle shaven and was thrust into a Monasterie For this investiture both Pepin and Charles his Son did many good services for the Popes destroying on their quarrel the Kingdom of the Lombaerds and giving them most of the Lands which formerly belonged unto the Exrohs of Ravenna And on the other side the Popes to requite these curtesies confirm'd the former in this Kingdom by their Papal Power which then began to bear some sway in the Christian World and gave the last besides the opportunity of attaining the Western Empire the Title of Most Christian King continued ever since unto his Successors And to say truth he well deserved those honours and had they been farr greater by many victories obtained against the Enemies of rhe Gospel the several Heathens by his means converted to the Faith of Christ the great abilities he had of estate and judgement inabling him to support the Majestie of the Roman Empire For he not only was sole Monarch of the Kingdom of France not parcelled out as formerly and in times succeeding into several petit Kingdoms and Principalities but had added thereunto by his own proper vertue the greatest part of Italie the best part of Germany all Belgium the two Pannonia's and a great part of Spain But this vast Empier falling into weak hands which were not able enough to manage it decaied in as little time as it was in raising partly by the unnaturall Ambition of the Sonnes of King Lewis the Godly the next Successor of this Charles who to make themselves all Kings first deposed their Father and then divided his Estate amongst them into the Kingdoms of Italy Burgundy France Lorrain and Germany four of which falling at last into the hands of strangers ceased to be French and passed into such Famlies as proved the greatest enemies of the Crown of France partly by alienating the best and goodliest Provinces of France it self never again united till these later dayes which made the French Kings less considerable both at home and abroad which we have touched upon before and partly by the weakness and unworthiness of the Kings of this race there being no question to be made but Lewis the Stammering Charles the Balâ— the Gross and the Simple would have found better Attributes if they had deserved them For by this means the issue of this brave Prince grew so despicable in the eys of their Subjects that first Eudes the Sonne of Robert Duke of Anjou and after Rodolph Duke of Burgundy the Vncle of Eudes both of the race of Witikindus the last Prince of the Saxons and consequently both Aliens to the House of Charles possessed themselves severally of the Kingdom And though they did not hold it long being depressed and overborn by their opposite factions yet did they lay a fair ground for Hugh Capet to build his hopes on Who being Sonne of Hugh the Great Constable of France and Earl of Paris the Sonne of Robert Duke of Anjou younger Brother of Eudes and neer kinsman of Rodolphe never left practising his party in the Realm of France till he had got possession of the Regall Diadem wherewith two Princes of his house had been invested formerly by the like Elections But for the Kings of this second Race founded by two brave Princes but on the unjust grounds of an usurpation they are these that follow The second race of the Kings of France of the Carolovinian or Boiarian Line A. Ch. 151. 1 Pepin the Sonne of Charles Martel succeeded in the Office of Mayre Anno 742 and having got the Regal Crown vanquished the Lombards made the Boiarians tributarie and crushed the Saxons 18. 769. 2 Charles surnamed the Great the Sonne of Pepin subdued the Kingdoms of the Lombards and Saxons conquered the Boiarians and Avares and vanquished the Saracens of Spain Crowned Emperour of the West upon Christmas day by Pope Leo the third Anno 800 46. 815. 3 Lewis the Godly Sonne of Charles King of France and Emperour the last sole Monarch of the French deposed by his ambitious and unnaturall Sonnes the Empire of the French after his decease being divided into the Kingdoms of Italie Bâ—rgundie Germanie