stuck still in his Mind that our King was the first of all who honourably received a splendid Embassie from the Duke of Braganza and after he had successfully dispatched his business sent him away in triumph To this may be added the mischance of Don Oquenda not many years before under whose Command several Ships carrying Men and Arms for a recruit to the War of Flanders being forced into the English Harbours by the Dutch who pursued them were under our Castles though then in Peace with Spain suffered to be torn sunk and burnt our Fleet rather threateningly rebuking then stoutly driving off the Enemy Which discontents not expiring with the Murthered King are hurtful now to his Son But after all his new Friends as a reward of the amity freely offered them by stealth and without any Declaration of War having sometimes after invaded the West Indies that is the very Bowels of the Spanish Empire And their attempt upon Hispaniola being disappointed he at length laying aside all hatred obliged CHALES the Second by all sorts of good Offices and entertaind him in his Territories for the ruine of the Regicides The King of Portugal shewed a generous Soul of which hereafter had his Strength corresponded with his Inclinations But what would one who hardly as yet sate steddy in his own lately recovered Throne do for another expulsed Prince The truth is though he had then flourished in the quiet enjoyment of his own just Rights he was not Potent enough to undertake such a War as could restore a banished King and much less at that time when he could hardly on the one hand repel the Spaniard who offered at all and on the other keep even with the Dutch who in the East Indies and all over the Ocean strove for the mastery Suedland at first good natured changed as Affairs altered Frederick Duke of Holstein supplied the Earl of Montross who was then ready to Sail into Scotland with Men Money Ships and Arms for the Service of the King Danemark having its Treasury exhausted for the Cause of the King's Father and running into a new War was able to do no more The Rebellious Cossacks and Neighbouring Nations who had rendred the Peace uncertain made the King of Poland sparing in his Assistance Yet the Scottish Subjects who lived in those Countries as they were commanded gave what help they were able to give And so did the Emperour of Moscovie Elector of Brandenbourg Arch-Bishop of Mentz and other Princes of Germany show their Affections to the King But alas what was all that to the fitting out of a Fleet and raising of an Army to the providing of Arms Ammunition and Necessaries of War perhaps a little more than might defray the Charges of Ambassadours and relieve the Poverty of Courtiers All the hope was now in the Loyalty and Benevolence of Subjects who though many of them were wheedled by the Artifices of the Regicides or the fawnings of Prosperity Ambition of rising to higher Employments or the coveteousness of other mens Estates which they hoped might be had for little or nothing and these because Justice delay'd to strike drawn in to the number of above fifty thousand yet a far greater number kept their Loyalty and Allegiance to the King inviolated but being stun'd with the sudden horrour of the Kings Murder and amazed at the continual Victories of the Regicides they knew not what to do or whither to turn themselves They knew not as yet what it was to Associate and they had no opportunity of rising the Regicides having a watchful Eye over all the Countries and their Spies and Emissaries wresting all the Actions and Sayings of Honest men into the worst Sense Nevertheless many Royalists in disguise crossed the Sea and waited upon the King and others who came hither from the King were by his Friends informed what to do All that they could do was gradually to confer Councils encourage one another plot and contrive gather supplies and by blowing the Coals raise such a Flame as might at length destroy the Enemy Yet some of them of whom I shall mention two Sir Charles Berkly and Sir Henry Slingsby were taken by the watchfulness of Informers but both made their escape though the last falling again into the Noose payed for his Loyalty and lost his Head by Sentence of the High Court of Justice About that time Ascham whom I named a little before a Fellow of obscure Birth desiring to show his Gifts and get himself a Name by writing against the King and for the abominable change of Government which the less it beeame him to do for that heretofore under the Earl of Northumberland he had had the institution of the Young Duke of Glocester is therefore in quality of Envoy with Ribera an Italian as his Interpreter sent into Spain to treat of Affairs But he had got himself so much hatred by his Writings that were published and the Employment he now undertook that some conspired a revenge and suddenly breaking into his Chamber at Madrid against all Law and Equity killed both him and Ribera his Interpreter The Ambassadour of Venice gave Sanctuary to one of the Murderers another being taken making his escape publickly suffered for it The rest to the number of three took Sanctuary in a Church till the Ecclesiasticks should have time to take cognisance of the Cause But by delaying of time and lengthening out the debate the English also infesting the West Indies they at length get clearly off It is fit we should also mention the good Offices of the emulous King of Portugal and how for the sake of our Prince he provoked the Rebel Hornets Prince Rupert and Prince Maurice when they fled from Ireland found Protection at Lisbon But Blake Admiral of the Fleet for the Rump-Parliament pursuing them hither desires leave to sight the Prince's Ships The King of Portugal thinking that the Laws of Hospitality were not so to be violated seing it was not safe for him openly to refuse he shifts the matter and forces not the Princes to put out to Sea Blake being highly offended at this Cruises upon the Coast and at length meeting with a Fleet of seaven or eight Sail of Ships laden with Sugers he takes them and sends them into England He himself in the mean time having pursued the Princes who had put to Sea again comes up with them at Carthagena a Spanish Town in the Streights and in the Bay of Vera forces them ashoar but both of them escaped in one of their Ships and Sailing with one or two more Ships to the West Indies they leave Spain to be sufficiently mauled by the Parliament But a terrible Hurricane which is frequent in the Torrid Zone having separated Maurice from his Brother he was cast away with his Ship and Men in the dreadful Storm Here we cannot but sigh at our Calamities in the dismal fate of so Illustrious a
so by a Gun without a Bullet was the first that fired a Broad-side and that by order from his Masters However from which Side soever the Provocation was given May 24. 1652. both Fleets desperately engaged in the Afternoon and fought it out stoutly till dark night hid the horrid Spectacle from the Eyes of Men. From this Engagement the Dutch double to us in number with the loss of two Ships and as much if not more mauled than we departed But seeing the Dutch could obtain no Victory in that unexpected Aggression their Embassadors excuse the Matter as having been a fortuitous Engagement when they themselves thought of nothing less Yet both Sides prepare for War which was not at all ungrateful to the English as being certain they could so long protract it until the Dutch being forced to a Coalition would at length yield or being reduced to extremity of which they entertained no doubtful Hopes considering the Opportunity of our Ports and the Number of their well-equipped Fleet they would be glad to submit to the Will of the Conquerors Both Parties were obstinate and prepared all things that might be necessary to destroy one another The Dutch Confederate with the Danes who therefore lay first an Embargo upon a Fleet of the English in the Sundt and afterwards carry them into Copenhagen being laden with Masts Pitch Hemp and Sail-cloth which at that time the Regicides were in great want of though they had got a pretty good Supply from the West-Indies and the Northern Parts of Scotland The King of England besides offers them a Squadron of English Ships for their Assistance which nevertheless they would not suffer to carry the English Colours but in their own Ports lest the Breach betwixt the two Commonwealths might prove irreparable Both Parties in the mean while press Seamen set out Ships encrease the number of their Sailors yea and put Land-Soldiers on Board too All hopes of Peace now vanishing the Embassadors return home and a second and third Engagement hapned at Sea No Age before that can shew an Instance that ever any People not onely of Europe but of the whole World engaged at Sea with such roaring of Great Guns such Fury Courage and Resolution of Men and so much Blood and Slaughter as the English and Dutch did during that War though with continual ill Success to the Dutch except that in the Straits near Legorn John van Galen who was killed by a Cannon-bullet and had young Trump for his Successor having sunk two of our Ships and taken a third that was afterwards regained by a Stratagem had the better of us through our own negligence But then Revolutions hapning amongst us at home when Cromwell had invaded the Government by the the Mediation of Stones and Dolman Englishmen who favoured the Dutch four new Ambassadors come over again Bevering Jounstal Neuport and Perre at first to learn what Advantage they might expect from that turn of Affairs and accordingly then to treat of Peace The Dutch now thrice overcome had sufficient experience of the English Strength having Seventeen hundred Merchant-Ships taken many Men of War sunk and disabled a great many Sea-Commanders slain no Trade by Sea and Sedition at home rising almost to a Rebellion But the fourth and last Engagement above all the rest gave a clear Demonstration what Side Victory inclined to when not a few were punished with Imprisonment Infamy and Death for their Miscarriage at Sea others allured and encouraged with Promises Rewards Hopes of Booty and full Cups of Brandy and as if Holland lay at stake in the Fortune of this Engagement and that they were to use their utmost and last Efforts for the defence of their Country they restore Discipline build stronger Ships cast Guns that carried further and give Commands to trusty valiant and daring Men Nay some of the States General are ordered to go on Board as Eye-witnesses of the Valour or Cowardise of their Men. At length the English Fleet commanded by Monck having waited for the Dutch six Months upon their own Coast they set out from the Texel and Weelings and bore up towards ours and with as many Ships as they could fit out briskly came to an Engagement but after a long Dispute with such Success that Trump in the Admiral-Ship bearing in bravely amongst the English was shot dead in the Breast a Man of great Courage for Valour is to be praised even in an Enemy and most skilful in Sea affairs after his Death the Enemy was put to flight and great slaughter committed amongst them In that Engagement seven and twenty Dutch Ships were either sunk or burnt two thousand Seamen and Soldiers killed a thousand taken with six Captains Whereas of the English there were not above four hundred Men and one small Ship wanting about seven hundred wounded most of whom afterwards recovered These things succeeding so ill the Dutch clap up a Peace with Cromwell the Danes also being comprehended in the Treaty He hinted a little at a Coalition onely for Forms sake which the Dutch Ambassadors rejecting he waved it having other things in design But Bevering and Newport privately promise in the Name of the States of Holland and West-Friesland and engage themselves That neither the Prince of Orange an innocent Babe then in the Cradle nor any of his Race should ever be chosen Statholder or Admiral of their Provinces and that he should never have the Vote of their Provinces in the States General for being elected General of the Forces Which they got at length confirmed by the States at Groningen The rest of the Provinces in the mean time crying out against it But the Peace made with the Dutch had almost disturbed ours at home For the Seamen complaining that they were defrauded of their Pay tumultuously and seditiously flock together in a great Body and with murmuring and Threats fly to Whitehall bitterly railing and demanding their due till Cromwell attended with some Officers rushing out drew their Swords killed some Seamen dispersed the rest and so composed the Tumult But we must not so dismiss the Dutch For it hapned that War breaking out with Holland three Ships the Saviour Samson and St. George were freighted by some Amsterdam-Merchants under borrowed Names from Hamborough and Lubeck Hanse-Towns to bring Goods from St. Lucar in Spain to Amsterdam But the laden Ships by Storms and contrary Winds being forced into the Downs fell in amongst the English Frigats that were more formidable than the Winds Which being searched they found them very richly laden having on board to the value of Four hundred thousand Pounds English in Plate and other rich Commodities and stopp'd them until they had acquainted the Parricides with the Booty They presently order them to be brought up into the River of Thames where it was pretended that the Silver and Goods were consigned to the Spanish Embassadour Don Alonso de Cadenas who used
most valiant General in War not onely to be compared to the chief Commanders of his own age but to the most renowned Warriours of elder times and of so great reputation he was in Military affairs that the modestest do acknowledge too great a Courage in Albemarle He spent almost his whole life in Arms and at length growing old amidst Victories he became gray-headed under a Helmet In Britain and Ireland by Sea and by Land so happy was Albemarle that Fortune traced out for him Honour Renown and Titles He had indeed a hidden and a silent kind of Sagacity in the management of affairs and improved almost all the Arts of Prudence by Silence He had a Modesty that set off all the other Virtues of his Mind nor was he ever heard to brag of what he had done or deserved The Fame of so great a man doubtless inferiour to no other Mortal will propagate it self to Posterity who without Pride or Ostentation gratified a banished Prince with so signal Services and onely rejoyced in the conscientious performance of his Duty and Obedience Nor after the Restauration of Charles did he behave himself as a Colleague in the Government as Mucianus was of old reported to have done to Vespasian but as a Servant neither did he ever boast that having the Power in his own hands he had bestowed it upon another whereby he burned to his glory the Arrogance of the Rump and the Impudence of Cromwel his Loyalty inclining him more to give up than his Ambition to retain the Government We may moreover reckon Albemarle happy not onely in the greatness of the Action but also in the seasonableness of the Service That he brought back the Government to a Prince of so just and good a temper who put so true an estimate upon his Loyalty and under whom it would never be unsafe nor dangerous to deserve the most For good Offices are acceptable especially to Kings so long as the obliged think they may be able to requite them but when they are too great to be rewarded instead of Thanks they procure Hatred And it is rare and almost unusual for Princes to think themselves obliged or if they think so to love their Benefactors Peace being now established at home and Janus his Temple shut Albemarle departed the more joyfully out of this life that when he left no Troubles in Britain yet he left behind him a Love for himself in the hearts of all good men so much the more wanted that he had taken care that nothing should be wanting having left nothing in the State but his own death to be bewailed the King flourishing in his Government and the Loyalty of the Parliament as yet vieing with the modesty of the Prince Every one enjoyed the happiness they desired at home and Peace with all Nations abroad till the League-breaking Dutch again provoked the English Arms. But the Actions of that War the steddy Fortune of the British Nation and the future Triumphs of CHARLES I have set aside as a subject for my more advanced years FINIS A Table to the Third Part. A. ALbemarle vid. Monk Army disbanded 52 B. Bishops restored 51 Booth Sir George his Insurrection 8 C. Committee of Safety 13 Commissioners from the Parliament wait on the King at Breda 44 Conventicles supprest 73 Covenant burnt by the Hangman 66 Cowley Abraham 99 D. De Wit 76 Dutch War beginning and occasion 74. The first Engagement 81. The second 87. The third 88. the fourth 90. The fifth 92. Their Attempt at Chatham 98. Peace concluded 98. F. Fanaticks rise but are supprest 72 G. Gloucester Duke dies 52 K. King Charles 2. Comes to Breda 42. Lands at Dover 46 Enters London 47. His Coronation 61. Marries the Infanta of Portugal 69. L. Lambert proclaimed a Traytor 40. Committed to the Tower 41. Condemn'd but obtains mercy 71. Libels 73 The Liturgie and Ceremonies of the Church confirm'd and establish'd by Act of Parliament 71 London the great Plague there 84. The great Fire there 94. Rebuilt 99 100. M. Monk Sir George 6 13 inf His famous march into England 25. Enters London 28. Admits the secluded Members 36. Receives Letters from the King 37. Created Duke of Albemarle 51. A short account of his Life and Death 102 inf His Character 105. O. Oblivion Act 52 Great Officers upon the Kings Restoration 51 Orange Princess dies in England 60 Oxford the Court and Term there 85. The new Theatre there built 101. P. Parliament the long one dissolved 41. A new one meet 42. A new one call'd by the King 66. Physicians Colledge visited by the King 78 Q. Queen-Mother dies 101 R. Recapitulation of things past 1 Regicides brought to Tryal 53. Their several Characters 54 55 56 57 58 67 68 70. Rump-Government 5. inf Rump and Army at variance 10. S. Solemn League and Covenant burnt by the Hangman 66 V. Uly-Island and Ships there burnt by the English 93 Y. York Duke made Lord High Admiral 50. His great Victory at Sea 81. The Right of Kings in England In the person of a Monarch for above a thousand years And he hereditary And never dying To him all swear Allegiance and Supremacy The Prerogatives of the K. or chief marks of Majesty and the Regalia belong onely to the King So that all Estates and Possessions are derived from him and to him return at last He hath the care of Pupils and Lunaticks The power of coyning Money He confers all Honours and Offices Which are to be administred in his name alone His power in matters of War Also in Ecclesiastical affairs He moderates the rigour of Laws And judges in undecided cases He chuses his own Counsellors He that mounts the Throne is never to be brought to the Bar since the Law says he cannot die Nor can he err or do wrong But as he offends by his Ministers so is he punished The Heir of the Crown is by the death of his Predecessor ipso facto cleared from all guilt Yet it is not lawful to rule arbitrarily VVhat Rights belong to Parliaments To make and repeal Laws Impose Taxes Legitimate Bastards Enact the VVorship of God Set Rates on VVeights and Measures VVhat the Parliament of England is The Vpper House of it The Lower The time and place appointed by the King They are called by VVrits The manner of meeting The King declares the causes of their meeting in the Vpper House All and every one of the Members of the House of Commons take the Oath of Allegiance to the King And of Supremacy They chuse a Speaker whom they accompany to the King beseeching his Majesty to approve their Election And not to be offended with their freedom in speech ☞ All may petition but by the mediation of Deputies The way of debating and communicating opinions betwixt both Houses By the Kings consent the Bills are made Laws Or otherwise rejected Religious matters aâ—â—ommitâ—ed by the Kiâ—g to
head-piece and boots and in ordering of Civil Affairs also to watch till midnight at length as the Devil would have it he was one of the chief in shedding of the Royal Blood his Memory for that unparalelled Villany being execrable to all Posterity In Ireland he always stood by the Anabaptistical Fanaticks relying upon their counsels for these he gave his Vote both in Civil and Military Affaires and with them filled the Towns Councils and Camp At length this most cruel Pest of his Countrey died of the contagious Plague Though he was removed yet the War still goes on For Coot with the unanimous consent of the Commanders from Limmerick marches to the Siege of Galloway which they straitly blockt up both by Sea and Lannd Clanricard having got leave to depart Nor was it long before it was delivered to the Enemy upon Conditions not unlike to those of Limmerick And thus Galloway the most noted staple of all Ireland strong in fortifications considerable for buildings riches numerousness of inhabitants and open trade by Sea submits to the yoke of the Enemies in resisting of whom they had formerly denied the Lord Lieutenant their assistance But as if they had not been sufficiently punished by War the hand of God chastised them with a severe punishment a following Plague having within the space of a year and a half swept away twelve thousand of the Inhabitants Now was Ireland fully subdued and henceforward the pleasure of the Commissioners went for Law they being Jones Corbet Ludlow and Weaver To these it seemed good to begin their Government by the suppression of the Tories a kind of robbers who have always but not in so great numbers infested Ireland Nor is it a new thing amongst barbarous Nations who whenever they find themselves oppressed by the Governours of Provinces or otherwaies have run out their Estates and are broken presently to shake off the Laws refuse to labour the Ground and despise Trades Wherefore they betake themselves to the Mountains Desarts Bogs and Rocks according as the Countrey is naturally fortified declare War against all other Mortals and live by Rapine Such are the Banditi in Italy and Spain the Cossacks to Poland and others in other Countreys and that we may not go far for an example of such wickedness such are the Moss Troopers in Scotland as will hereafter appear For these in the night time lurk in Woods Caves and Dens but in the day time break out suddenly upon Travellers or men about their lawful Business and rob them both of Life and Money And as often as they get together into a body with desperate Barbarity they burn and pillage Villages add presently betake themselves to their lurking holes again They are a kind of land Pirats who wandring amongst Lakes and Bogs according to the light-footedness of the Nation they safely skip over the Quagmires and loose ground wherein strangers unacquainted with the places that follow them commonly stick They therefore give orders to the Soldiers who had now nothing else to do to divide themselves into small parties and so to environ hunt and kill them like wild Beasts which being done they either mutually betrayed one another or found their holds and lurking places to be so unsafe for them that in two years time there was none of those Enemies of mankind any where to be seen In the mean time the Rump-Parliament consult about a Deputy who might succeed to Ireton and sit at the Helm in the administration of the Affairs of Ireland and by unanimous Vote they pitch upon Lambert But whilst he is prepairing for his passage with greater Pomp than the times required whether it happened by the advice of the Commissioners who at that time affecting Equality did not like such preeminence or through the cunning of Cromwell at whose beck the Affairs of Ireland were managed and who had lately privately married his Daughter Iretons Widow to Colonel Fleetwood The Rump-Parliament changing their resolution he has orders to lay aside his Title to Deputy and go over to Ireland as a Commissioner Which Lambert a man most ambitious of Rule and impatient to be baffled in the Honour that had been promised him taking ill and far worse that the Command of the Army should be divided amongst men unacquainted with War he thought it better wholely to renounce the Government of Ireland Fleetwood therefore embracing the same Conditions having celebrated his marriage with the aforementioned Widow passes over into Ireland in Quality of chief of the Commissioners and besides of Major General Now that the Reader may know who this man was and to give some light to what follows after I thought fit to premise these few things He was the son of a Knight the youngest of many Brothers who to get an honest living applied himself to the study of the common Law untill that the flame of Civil War spreading he changed his profession turned Soldier and under the Earl of Essex served as a Gentleman Volunteer Afterwards rising from one degree to another till he became a Colonel he aspired to the marriage of Cromwell's Daughter as we have now related she being a Widow and he a Widower His Religion from the Cradle was of the strickt new Cut and if he was not a stout professour of Anabaptism yet he loved to be thought a great favourer of it not onely that he might serve a turn and engage in a reciprocal aid and benevolence but because he was inwardly and sincerely so As he was no cunning man himself so neither was he reckoned a a great prier into the Counsils of other men And being so qualified he became dear to the common Soldiers and for that no ways suspected by the more Powerful In a word he was no ill man but that by taking up Arms against his own King he had for ever stained his Reputation by the horrid Crime of Treason and Rebellion Now were the Rump-Parliament masters of all Ireland except of a few scattered Forces who here and there lurked in obscure and unaccessible places Of whom the greatest part sculked in Munster under the command of Sullivan O-Beare and some in Vlster under Farel The former at length submit to Broghill but upon this Condition that they might go beyond Sea in Ships provided by the Rump-Parliament for that affect the latter to Colonel Ludlow upon the same Conditions And afterwards all the Military part of the Nation followed their example and six and twenty thousand departed the Kingdome some to Spain some to France and the rest whither they pleased the English accommodating them with Vessels for their Transportation so that within the space of eight months Ireland was left destitute of all its fighting Men as being impatient of the English yoke Then was a High Court of Justice Erected consisting of most of every Sect of the Counties where that assembly met sometimes Cook and
of the Council That the Christian Religion as it is contained by Holy Scripture should be the Publick Profession of the Nation and that those who were to have the Care thereof should have their Support from the Publick so that it be with some other more convenient Maintenance and less subject to Envy than by Tythes That no Man shall be by any Fine or Penalty whatsoever forced to Comply with the said Publick Profession otherwise than by Persuasions and Arguments That no man Professing Faith in Christ should be prohibited the Exercise of his own Religion so that he disturb not any other but that neither Popery or Prelacy should be permitted the least Favour or Licence and that all Laws to the contrary should be void That all Agreements made by Parliament should be firm and stable All Articles of Peace made with Domestick Enemies made good That all Protectors in their Order should be obliged by Oath at their first taking upon them the Government by all means to procure the Peace Welfare and Quiet of the Commonwealth by no means to violate the present Agreements and lastly to his Power to administer all things according to the Laws Statutes and Customs of England To these Conditions Cromwell swears and then cunningly chuses his Privy-Counsellors which he so dexterously pack'd that though they differed in Quality and Inclinations amongst themselves yet all were equally at his devotion Of every Sect he chuses some Leading Men by whose means he might gain the rest of the same Stamp Officers also of the Army especially the Higher and those who were most in Favour and Authority with the People Amongst them were Anabaptists Independents and Presbyterians Irish and Scots all sorts of Republicans and until all Liberty of Ingenuous Minds was restrained some Royalists also The Reins of these so many and different Opinions Factions Nations and Sects the skilful Driver being himself of no Faith nor certain Profession took into his Hands and turned them at his pleasure now inclining to one side now to the other sometime approving the greater and sometime the smaller number of Votes being ready at every turn to dismiss those that were head-strong And thus assisted by his Counsellors he takes upon him the Administration of the Commonwealth Out of fear few withstand this so great a Change in Affairs and many applaud it Those who are of a contrary Opinion stand in amaze and conceal their Thoughts Presbyterians Independents Royalists Neutralists and all chuse rather to acquiesce under his Government than eternally to be enslaved to the Pleasure of mad Fanaticks The exulting Soldiers are cock-a-hoop Now Colleges are freed from the fear of Ruine the Common-Laws are secured from danger the Nobility though maimed yet still seemed to be in being the Presbyterians secure of their Tythes and Discipline though not coactive triumph nor are the Royalists much grieved being now sure of a Single Person and hoping that the Scepter and Crown after one or two Turns more would at length be setled upon the right Basis the Royal Family Every Commander of the Army talks of Golden days as if now their Places were to last for ever nor does the meanest Soldier despair but that by degrees he may mount to the top of the Government But Lambert and other Chief Officers besides the plentiful Estates wherewith they are enriched at present skip for joy that they are admitted into a share of the Government hoping within a little after the death of the aged Protector to be raised higher Amidst these Domestick Revolutions at home England wanted not a Foreign Enemy they had a heavy War with Holland upon their Shoulders which being begun two years before and till then continued seemed like to terminate in the Ruine of one of the two Nations had not God othewise decreed The Dutch were netled at the Letters of Reprisal which being promiscuously granted Pyrats from all Places who liked better to live by Rapine than by honest Courses infesting the Seas had taken above Fourscore Sail of Ships as also at the Order of Parliament That no Goods should be Imported from abroad unless in English Bottoms or Ships of the Country where the Commodities were originally to be had And that People were too late foolishly bent upon War For when it was in their Power to have assisted the King against His Rebellious Subjects then would they neither aid Him with Counsel Money Intercession Credit nor any other way nay I wish it might not be said that some of them assisted the Rebels But now when the Princes of Europe vailed their Crowns and Scepters before the Parricides they think themselves able to make Head against them and vie for Pre-eminence Nothing now is to be heard amongst them but forthwith resisting Force by Force The Publick Places resound with Ballads and Songs against the Villanous Regicides and Sectarians and Booksellers Shops are adorned with Pictures The Flushingers exceeded all the rest in Folly who boasted that their own Ships alone were able to beat the English But the High and Mighty States were not of that Judgment they were divided into Three Parts One Part was not onely for entertaining a Peace and good Correspondence with the Regicides but also for Leaguing into a stricter Amity Others favouring the Popular Opinion did all that lay in their power to thwart that and that Confederating with Neighbouring Princes they should endeavour to restore the King of Great Britain to the Throne of his Ancestors A third Party taking a middle way thought it best to mind their own Interests carry fair and civilly with the Rebels thereby to secure their Trade and the free use of the Seas but in the mean time if the Parricides carried it high and slighted their Friendship that with a well-appointed Fleet of an hundred and fifty Men of War they should forthwith quell them The last Opinion prevailing Four Embassadours for Pacification are appointed to go into England the Heer 's Catz Schaep Vandeperre and Neuport who had long been resident there They renew the Treaty which St. Johns had broken up beginning at the same Article where he had left off The Oligarchicks hereupon seem sorry for what was past and presaging a future Coalition with the English into one Commonwealth carry very civilly and kindly receive them Then the Dutch Ambassadors without denouncing of War make some mention of an hundred and fifty Men of War which they had in readiness to scowr the Seas from Pyrates and securing Navigation but without any Intention to molest us which was far from their thoughts But in the heat of the Treaty it unluckily fell out that a great Fight hapned betwixt Blake and Trump the Admirals of both Nations but I am uncertain who gave the first Provocation We alledged That the Dutch refused to strike Sail which is a Mark of Prerogative and Dominion that we demand of all Foreign Ships and that Trump being warned to do
that they should certainly die for it This instance made him inveigh bitterly against the ancient way of Tryal reflecting also how Lilburn two years before by the same means escaped his fury and as luckily also one Stawell who was a Knight notwitstanding the Capitulation he had made upon the surrender of his Garrison being thrice brought to a Tryal of his Life a barbarous thing and contrary to Law to be again tried for one and the same crime was thrice acquitted by the Jury This though the strongest Bulwark against Tyranny he affirms ought to be taken away as a hindrance to Justice complaining That Sacred Justice was rashly put into the Hands of the Profane Common People that the weightiest matters of Law did not depend upon the Sentences of the Learned in the Law but upon the Pleasure and Prejudices of a Company of Men destitute of all Ingenious Learning nay and almost of Common Sense That it was more consonant to Justice that fifty Men chosen out of the flower of the whole Nation should determine of Lives and Fortunes Under these Colours and Pretexts he subverted the wholsom Constitutions of our Fore-fathers and invented a new way of Butchery of his own But I desire that both our Countrey-men and Foreigners would take notice that this Custom of Tryal by a Jury of Twelve Men founded on Reason and Equity granted us by the singular favour both of the Saxon and Norman Kings and practised amongst us time out of mind though it was in this Age for a short time intermitted yet it was approved by the Publick desires of all The truest Judges of the Commons are the Commons as of the Nobles their Peers since Men of the same Rank and Quality are aptest to love and not to envy one another Besides if the Sheriff empannel any who bear you a grudge you may challenge and reject them How are they to be accused of ignorance since the matter of Fact is known by Evidence who alledge and by their Oath prove it in open Court and the point of Law they are to be directed by the Judges who are versed therein The Fact is better examined by a plain and uncorrupted Conscience than cunning that serves the ends of another The Judges and Bench have onely their Duty to mind Consult for the common Interest and with the publick good procure the favour of their Princes On the other hand those whom the offended Conquerour appoints as Arbiters of your Life and Fortune obeying the pleasure of one Master and obsequiously oppress you Accused Subjects whom before they looked upon as Servants they now sternly frown upon as Publick Enemies and without more ado find them guilty of Treason and condemn them to suffer accordingly It is a Compendious and rare way of Justice indeed to have the same Men to be the Accusers Witnesses Informers Judges nay and plainly the Executioners and very often also the Authors of the Crimes About this time great Troubles hapned in Piedmont in Savoy for the Duke of that Country by Military force drove many of the Reformed Religion out of their own Habitations not without Blood and Slaughter Cromwell takes upon him their Protection writing for that end to the Suitzers and French King and having sent a Messenger to visit them who might intercede for them and relieve their Wants with Money For the Money that was charitably raised for their use all over England he partly indeed distributed amongst them but reserved the greatest part for other Times and Occasions At that time England was in a Fermentation secretly designing a War whereof the Mediterranean felt the first Effort which afterward fell upon Spain though not with the same force and violence Blake was made Admiral of the first Fleet being ordered to sail into the Mediterranean there to give a Proof of our Strength by Sea to block up Algiers Tripoly and Tunis and having redeemed the English Captives to make Peace with these Towns or rather Nests of Pyrats which if they refused to reduce them by force to better terms The Divan of Algiers upon payment of the just Ransoms and having mutually interchanged honourable Presents with the English without any difficulty restore the Captives and publish an Edict whereby free Commerce for the future is allowed to the English Nation But he chastises the Insolence of those of Tunis who had answered proudly having sent in some Ships and burnt eight of theirs in Porto-Ferina which having broken and humbled the Infidels at length they agree to a Peace But the other Expedition required greater preparatives as being carried on by the remains of the Dissenting and Disbanded Souldiers to wit of Essex Waller and Massey's Armies c. some Royalists and Republicans also but sparingly joyned with them For these being for the most part indigent and dangerous at home watched all opportunities of innovation and therefore business is found out for them abroad that they might not be troublesome to others but ease England a little by the departure of so many Men. The Protector made his brags openly that by a War with Spain the Nation would attain to much Glory Wealth and large Dominions in the West-Indies And not only cut off the Sinews of War whereby the Spaniards infested Europe but also hinder the Influx of the Spirits and Life of it by intercepting their Riches Nor did he doubt of an easie and cheap Victory For the Spaniards were but few and those dispersed over the vast Territories of America and that it was credible that the Natives weary of their hard and tedious Bondage would upon the first glimpse of liberty rise up against the Tyranny of the Spaniards That though the Towns were well fortified yet they were unprepared for making a resistance the Souldiers being unaccustomed to War nay though Garrisoned by such as had been inured to fighting yet all relief by Sea being stopt and the Land not affording Provisions either for the English or the Inhabitants they must in a short time be starved out The neighbouring Plantations of our Countrey-men besides accustomed to the Climat and Diet could yearly furnish supplies so that there could neither be any want of Souldiers for subduing the Provinces nor of People to be Transported into better Plantations Nâ—y and which went a great way there was not wanting a certain Divine that gave vent to the Ambition which flamed sufficiently of it self and who well understood the Enthusiastick humour of Cromwell This Man bid him Go and prosper calls him A Stone cut out of the Mountains without Hands that should break the Pride of the Spaniard crush Antichrist and make way for the Purity of the Gospel over the whole World Swollen therefore with this hope he sends for Officers and Commanders from all Places sollicits wheadles them with good words and with fair Promises of their past Arrears and I know not what Mountains of Gold perswades
humbled the Pride of France reduced Portugal into order broke the Strength of the Dutch and drove them off of the Sea suppressed the Pyrats and lastly triumphed twice over Spain In this alone to be blamed that he stuck to the Side of the Parricides About that time a dreadful War broke out betwixt two Northern Nations Frederick the Third King of Denmark egg'd on by his Confederates the King of Poland and Elector of Brandenburg invades the Territories of Carolus Gustavus King of Sweden then Victorious in Poland and breaking the Truce besieges Bremersford and other strong Places in Bremen Which so soon as Carolus Gustavus had Intelligence of leaving Poland the best way he could he marched his Forces through Gassue Pomerania and the Dutchy of Mecklenbourg into Holstein recovers what he had lost and drives Frederick who was unable to give him Battel into the Islands then he over-runs all Jutland and Holstein and having the opportunity of a hard Winter not without danger to himself and Army he boldly marched over the Sea upon the Ice into Fuinen and having subdued it and the Islands about one after another in the same manner he enters Zeeland divided from them by a narrow Frith where by the same Storm of a sudden War he had overwhelmed Copenhagen had not a Peace been made at Roschild by the Mediation of Medows who with Jepson was by Oliver sent from England as Mediators of Peace he to the Swede and the other to the Dane and the Intervention of the Embassadors of other Princes for which timely Service King Frederick made Medows Knight of the Elephant and a Nobleman of Denmark And King Charles the Second of England as a Testimony of His Favour for the good Offices done to his Kinsman honoured him likewise with Knighthood The War breaking out again afterward betwixt the Kings the Swede having possessed himself of Croneberg and the greatest part of Denmark and blocked up Copenhagen by a long and obstinate Siege both Parties implore the Assistance of Neighbouring Nations Carolus Gustavus of the English and Frederick of the Dutch The Swede wanted Ships and Seamen the Dane all kind of Relief to wit Soldiers Ships and Ammunition The Swede offered the English for their Security and a Reward of their Pains Gluckstadt with a small Territory on the other side of the Elbe which nevertheless was not in his power and Leth-Fort upon the River Wese But the English demanding either Gottenberg on the Baltick Sea near the Sound or Elsenburg that lies in the Mouth of the Baltick Cromwell and the Swede disagree about the Terms Nevertheless Oliver fits out a pretty considerable Fleet in England and that he might watch all Opportunities of advantage for the English sends it into Denmark under the Command of Goodson but the Ice and Winter-Colds hindred it from advancing beyond Scagen and at length Richard sent a greater under the Command of Admiral Montague who was afterwards made Earl of Sandwich and Knight of the Garter But the Dutch being secure that the English would not interfere and molest them that they might maintain a Free Trade through the Sound and at the same time assist the King of Denmark reduced to the utmost extremity fitted out a Fleet under the Command of General Opdam provided with all Necessaries which having engaged in a Sea-fight with the Swedes with equal Loss on both Sides they supplied Copenhagen with Ammunition and plenty of all Provisions To Flanders now the series of this short History calls me where the Affairs of the Spaniards began to decline and grow daily worse and worse A well appointed Army of six thousand English under the Command of Reynolds is landed at Calis of which some assist the French in taking Montmidy and being afterwards all joyned with the French they take Mardyke Fort two Miles distant from Dunkirk which was given to the Englâ—sh to be kept during the Winter who fortifie it round with Palisadoes besides a Wall and Ditch and render it impregnable Nevertheless the most illustrious Duke of York resolved to attaque it bringing therefore about four thousand Men before it partly English Scots and Irish and partly Spaniards he attacks it in the Night-time by an Assault But he found Morgan Governour of the place in a readiness who in watchfulness was not inferiour to him but in this much superiour that under the cover of a strong Fort he fought against an Enemy in the open Fields wherefore after he had by all ways attempted but in vain to storm the place at length he sounded the Retreat But the Marshall d' Aumont came not so well off at Ostend for being tempted thither by hopes given him that the Town would be betray'd into his Hands he pay'd for his rash hopes himself being made Prisoner and many brave Men killed Next Spring Marshall Turen having taken in Graveling he came with a vast Army of French and English to Besiege Dunkirk and quickly invested the Town by Land the English Ships blocking it up by Sea For it was necessary either to reduce that Key of Flanders under the Power of the French or to try the uncertain Fortune of War Affairs being as yet doubtful On the other hand if the Spaniards suffered it to be taken besides the loss of the profit which they made by Pyracy and Traffick the English would also deprive them of the rest of their Ports for they easily conjectured that Dunkirk would fall into the Hands of the English and open to themselves a way of bringing an Army into the Heart of the Countrey Therefore Don John of Austria Governour of Flanders resolved to hazard a Battel For that end having drawn out of the Garrisons about some fifteen thousand Men to which were added four Regiments but half compleat in Men under the Duke of York he possesses himself of the Sandy Hills half a Mile distant from Turen's Camp there as occasion served to hinder or raise the Siege But next Morning Turen having left Men enough in the Trenches to prevent the sallying out of the Garrison with the rest of the Army in this manner attacks the Spaniards About three hundred English under the Command of Devaux are ordered to march up the Hill and beat the Spaniards from thence two thousand following after and four thousand to second them the Horse being placed on the Wings and behind in the Rear The Spaniards being drawn up bravely received the charge with confused shouts of mixt Nations But at length though the loose Sand afforded no sure footing to those that marched up and that the Spaniards showred down continual Volleys of Shot yet the English obtain the Victory the Spaniards being on all hands put to flight and killed Then at length the French Horse fall on and were for a long time bravely resisted by the Duke of York and his Brother the Duke of Glocester but they both the English Red-coats advancing and
of Jamaica Ten Major Generals are set over the Provinces Cromwell makes Peace with the French The Jews sue for liberty to come and live in England MDCLVI Cromwell makes Peace with the Portuguese The Swedish Embassadour is feasted by Comwell at Hampton-Court Blake and Montague beat eight Spanish Ships and take two of them richly laden A Mock-Parliament of the three Nations England Scotland and Ireland is held at Westminster James Naylor a false Christ enters Bristol MDCLVI LVII Sundercome who conspired Cromwells death is condemned He is found dead in his Bed in the Tower of London Harrison Lawson and others are committed to Prison Blake burns the Spanish Fleet in the very Harbour of Santa-cruce Cromwell refuses the Title of King offered him by the Parliament He is solemnly inaugurated Protector And the Parliament is adjourned for six Months Richard Son to Cromwell is made Chancellour of Oxford Jepson is sent to Sweden and Medows into Denmark Mardike-Fort taken by the English and French The Vicecount Falconberge marries Mary Daugh-to Cromwell MDCLVII LVIII A Parliament is again held consisting of two Houses Suddenly dissolved by Cromwell Slingsby and Hewet are beheaded Dunkirk is yielded to the French Cleypole Cromwell's Daughter dies at Hampton-Court Oliver Cromwell Protector dies in Whitehall Richard Cromwell publickly declared Protector Oliver is buried in Westminster MDCLVIII LIX Richard calls a Mock-Parliament which is held at Westminster Overton is recalled from his Banishment The Lower-house vote Richard to be Recognised Protector of England Scotland and Ireland And Vote also a present Conference with those of the Other House about Publick Affairs The Officers of the Army present a Remonstrance to Richard and he to the Parliament The Parliament make an Ordinance That the Officers of the Army meet not to hold Consults The Officers beset Whitehall and Richard by Proclamation dissolves the Parliament Richard being turned out the Rump-Parliament is again revived FINIS A TABLE To the Second Part. A. ADdresses and gratulatory Petitions to Cromwel pag. 190 Ascham the Rebel Embassadour in Spain killed there 72 B. Blake his Death and Character 228 C. Cavaliers conspire to rise for the King but disappointed 182 225 Church of England her Ministers persecuted 5 Cromwel Oliver 6 98. He procures a kind of Amnesty to be past by the Rump 156. Turns out the Rump 161. Is made Protector 165 166. The Instrument 166. His Arts and Cunning 184. Calls a House of Commons under the name of a Parliament 186. But cannot work 'em to his will 189. The manner of his Government in some matters 190 191 192. His fears and mistrust 198. Enters into a League with France 210. Treats with the Jews about a Toleration 210 211. Calls a pickt Assembly of the three Nations 212. The point debated whether he should take the Title of King 214 215. The manner how he was inaugurated Protector and the Speech thereat 218. Falls sick 233. Dies 236. His Character 237. His Funeral 341. Cromwel Richard 217 223. He becomes Protector 240. Callâ— a Sham-Parliament 243. Dissolves it 246. He is advised to be for the King but refuses the advice 247. Turn'd out of his Protectorship by the Rump 250. D. Dorislaus sent by the Regicides into Holland 2. Is killed there 3. Dunbar defeat 106 Dunkirk taken by the English 231 Dutch War 171 G. Gloucester Duke sent for to Cologn by the King 197 H. Hereticks in Gromwel's time 219 Hewet Dr. 225 High Court of Justice another erected 79. And does a world of mischief 80. inf I. Jamaica taken by the English 209 Jersey subdued 155 Ireland Expedition thither under Cromwel 6. inf Subdued 55. Juries endeavoured to be abolished by Cromwel 203 K. King Charles I. the state of Affairs after his death 1 King Charles II. seeks help from foreign Princes 67. Proclaimed in Scotland 83. Crowned there 117. His march into England 120. His Escape from Worcester 128. inf Arrives in France 150. Removes to Cologn 180. His Restoration foretold by an Astrologer 198. L. Lambert John his Character 55 Lane Jane 136 Lords of Cromwel 's making 222 Love 's Conspiracy 115 M. Major-Generals and their Tyranny 200 Man-Island subdued 156 Marriages by Justices of Peace 164 Montross the noble Marquiss his Story 90 N. Nayler James his Pranks 220 P. The Pendrils 128 Petty Sir William 61 Portugal Embassadour's Brother beheaded 178 R. Rump-Parliament and Army disagree 156 Turned out by Cromwel 161 Brought again into play 249 S. Scotland Expedition thither under Cromwel 98 Subdued 152 Slingsby Sir Henry 183 225 Sundercome and the Republicans conspire against Cromwel 220 221 V. Van Trump kill'd 176 Vowel a condemn'd Royalist cites Cromwel and his Judges to appear before the Judgment-seat of God 179 W. War against the Spaniards in America 206 Between the Danes and Swedes 228 Worcester-Fight 125 Part the Third OR THE HISTORY OF THE Composing the Affairs of England By the Restauration of King CHARLES II. And the Punishment of the Regicides And the Settlement of the Church and State as they were before the Rebellion THE Civil War of England begun by a pernicious and fatal Parliament raged for the space of eight years with various successes of Battels till the Royalists being in all parts worsted and not able to keep the Field Charles the First the best of Kings a Prince of most exalted but persecuted Virtue to avoid the victorious Arms of the English Independants moved by ill fate or bad counsel cast himself into the arms of the Presbyterian Scots by whom he was for a round sum of money treacherously delivered up into the hands of English Traytors Nor was it long before he was a sad instance that the Prisons of Kings are but little distant from their Graves For what the flagitiousness of past Ages never attempted and future Will hardly believe the unfortunate Prince to make way for the Usurpation of the Traytor Cromwel was forced by a scenical and mock-form of Law and Justice to lay down his sacred head to be struck off upon a Block The boldest Villany that ever any Nation saw and a Parricide that all the World was astonished at But this Villany succeeding so prosperously and Britain at length and Ireland being subdued by victorious Rebels as the Forces of Charles the Second were entirely routed by the defeats at Dumbar and Worcester Cromwel the Traytor delayed no longer the execution of his long-projected Wickedness He knew full well that the name of the Parliament was grown odious to the people through the uneasiness of their flagitious and usurped Dominion Turning therefore his Arms against his hauty Masters he turned them out of the House as Objects first of his own contempt and then of the peoples scorn The onely grateful action he did to the Kingdom And now
shut or guarded by Souldiers and imposing upon Delinquents for the first fault a Fine for the second Imprisonment and for the third Banishment that punishment might at length restrain those whom Clemency could not gain Nevertheless a War with Holland breaking forth and the Laws being silent amongst the noise of Arms the domestick Calamity grew so strong that the Authority of the Justices of the Peace not being able to prevail against the obstinacy of the Rabble the evil catched like Wild-fire and all future Remedies seemed posthumous and unseasonable The great injuries done by the Dutch to the English Merchants having for a long time past unrevenged did now occasion great grievances and complaining at London Though there was no Nation upon Earth whom the Dutch desired more for Friends and less for Enemies than the English who in the late War had proved themselves as formidable Enemies to the Hollanders as heretofore they had been to their Enemies yet they unjustly broke that Peace which some years before they had dishonourably begg'd of the Rump and Cromwel as being necessary for their interest by humble Addresses sordid and base compliances of their Embassadours and had since confirmed by a stricter League with King Charles the Second For to that pitch of Arrogance and Perfidy was that State of Fisher-men and croud of crafty Merchants who under the Title of a Commonwealth disliked all Monarchy raised that besides the detaining of the Island of Poloron which they were obliged to deliver up by the Articles of Peace they took a great many English Ships upon the Coast of India and Africa and making Prize of the Ships and Goods made the Sea-men Prisoners and added cruelty and scoffing to their Injustice They block up many Ports of the Indies which the English had long possessed with Men of War and having unjustly intercepted the English Trade they sold to other Nations at home at the dear rates the Commodities which they had for a small matter bought in the Indies Holmes who was Admiral for the King upon the Coast of India and Africa behaving himself modestly in his Commission was by those Dutch Pirats by Sea and Land whom neither the East nor West could satisfie contrary to the Law of Nations often fired upon At which Holmes a man of a daring temper and unacquainted with affronts being provoked resolved to continue no longer on the defensive part but to turn Aggressour and therefore bringing his Guns ashore and planting them on Batteries he took some of the Dutch Garrisons and revenged the injuries he had received But with false Accusations they complain of Holmes who had been so often and basely used by them to the King crying out against him as a Robber and the causer of a War as if by making a clamour first they might ridiculously excuse their own Treachery These and many other Encroachments of the Dutch so incensed the Parliament that they forthwith voted it necessary to revenge so many Injuries done to the Merchants and a considerable supply of money to be given to the King to carry on a War which they judged safer than a doubtful and uncertain Peace Though the King was highly offended to hear of the Injuries done to his Subjects and concerned in honour to right them yet he resolved to try other ways of adjusting matters before he came to force of Arms having therefore dispatched Letters to Sir George Downing his Embassadour at the Hague he demands a speedy reparation of the Injuries done to his Subjects from the States But though the Kings demands were just and lawful yet it was in vain to represent the Rapines of Dutch Merchants to trafficking States since they who were in Authority and should have punished these Abuses reaped the profit of them But amongst these Clashings about Injuries a new cause of quarrel not heard of till then happened through the treachery of the Dutch For the year before the States General having been oppressed by the frequent Piracies of the Algerines by Embassadours made earnest application to the King that joyning his Fleet with theirs he would help to revenge the Injuries of these Infidels Nor was the King wanting to contribute to the safety of his Subjects and of all Christendom but sent Vice-Admiral Lawson an expert Sea-Commander with a well-appointed Fleet to joyn and assist the Fleet commanded by de Ruyter But whilst Lawson was wholly taken up in fighting and pursuing the Pirats Ships of which he had sunk and burnt many upon the Coast of Barbary De Ruyter gave him the slip and by orders from the States directed his course to Guiny where falling upon the English who were secure and neither expected nor deserved any such thing he committed no less Robberies upon us than he pretended to revenge on the Algerines but with far greater treachery The news of so base an action being freshly brought to London so incensed all People that the King highly offended commanded all Dutch Ships in the Ports of England to be stopt and all further Treaties of Pacification being laid aside both sides prepare for a War But during the preludes of the approaching War the Dutch a more contumelious than formidable Enemy inflamed the rage and hatred of the English by scurrilous Libels Medals and many base and satyrical Pictures according to the innate insolency and barbarous vanity of that People Holland more powerful both in Wealth and Cunning led the rest of the Vnited Provinces by the nose and Dewit Holland a man of a crafty and subtle Wit malicious Eloquence and of more reputation for cunning Policy than Honesty The greatness of the Family of the Prince of Orange and the vast power of the King of Great Britain by Sea stood in the way of the Artifices of this arrogant man and of his own Holland To ruine therefore the Prince and Family of Nassau he raised secret jealousies against him and by lessening the authority of Orange with the States he alone managed all affairs and under colour of standing up for the liberty of the Commonwealth ruled absolutely at his pleasure and so confident of himself grew this Butter-box that having trode upon the Dignity of the Prince at home he thought that by turns he might make fools of all the Kings of Europe He hated the King of Great Britain the more because he feared him and since through similitude of Manners he had been a great friend to the Traytor Cromwel he was therefore the more implacable Enemy to King Charles Certainly next to the insatiable Avarice of the Dutch Nation all the hatred of that People to the English is to be attributed to Dewit and his Faction To so great an Arrogance were the Dutch raised that it was given out amongst the People That the affairs of England were not in such a posture that the Civil War of England being just ended they had money enough still to
make War abroad nor that the King was as yet so well seated in the Government that he could revenge the Injuries of the Dutch that it was not safe for him to trust Arms in the hands of his Subjects which afterwards they might be unwilling to lay down That the English were not now the same Enemies as the Dutch had found them to be under the Rump-Parliament that the warlike fierceness of that Nation was gone with the Sectarians and that there remained amongst them none but a company of silly Cowards That there were a great many Fanaticks in England who perhaps would fight for the Dutch against the King or at least would not fight for him against those who were for liberty of Conscience Nor was there wanting a great many of our fugitive Traytors amongst the Dutch who made these false reports to be believed The bloudy War which broke out the year following was ushered in by the taking of Ships on both sides and Alan with a Fleet of English Ships for securing the Merchant-men and anoying the Dutch in the Mediterranean fell upon the Dutch Smirna-Fleet in the Streights upon their return homewards and having killed them many men sunk some Ships Brakell the Admiral of the Fleet being slain he took and brought off four of the Enemies Ships which was the first booty and glad Omen of the War but one of them richly laden being much shattered and leaky foundered in the greedy Sea Nor was the King so wholly taken up with the thoughts of the approaching War but that he also minded other affairs and his innocent diversions he therefore on the fifteenth of April visited the famous Colledge of Physicians of London and was received very honourably by the Doctors There he saw the Marble Statue of Harvey the chief Pilot of the Blouds Circulation and heard the President Ent with equal Eloquence and Art reading upon the mysteries of Anatomy whom there he knighted There he saw the chief Physician Bates renowned in the skill of Physick and of Latine and Fraser his chief Physician since and Glisson excellent in Medicine and Philosophy and successful Micklethwait and much-esteemed Cox and Scarborough accomplished in all Natural Philophy and no less famous amongst the Muses with Wharton the Secretary of the Glandules and acute Merret besides many others eminent in the Art of Curing to whom at length were associated Willis the great Restorer of Medicine but of too short a life with Lower and Needham who have illustrated the Faculty by their Writings And now was the Royal Fleet ready to set sail divided into three Squadrons the first commanded by the Duke of York Lord High Admiral of England the second by the most Illustrious Prince Rupert and the third by the Earl of Sandwich famous in Expeditions at Sea The other Flag-Officers of the Fleet were Lawson and Alan lately returned from the Mediterranean Jordan Spragg Smith Meens and Tiddiman all famous Sea-Commanders Many persons of great Quality went Volunteers to Sea and though they had no command in the Fleet yet they thought it honourable in so just a War to try their fortune with the Duke of York The Fleet consisted of about an hundred Men of War having on board to the number of about thirty thousand Sea-men and Souldiers and on the two and twentieth of April weighed and with joyful Huzza's full Sails and flying Streamers sailed over to the Coast of Holland and came to an Anchor before the Texel the Enemy in the mean while for all their bragging not daring to come out His Royal Highness in the mean time in the Royal Fleet rode Master of the Seas and many Dutch Ships returning home in sight of the Shore fell into the hands of the English as Booties cast into their way by Providence But his Royal Highness more desirous of Fighting than Prey after he had expected almost a month the coming out of the Enemy upon their own Coast Victuals and Provisions growing scarce came back again to the English Coast giving them opportunity if they had a mind to fight to come out But now the Commanders of the Dutch Fleet moved with the disgrace of being blocked up but more at the Reproaches and Execrations of the people use all diligence to bring out their Ships The Fleet of the States General consisted of above an hundred sail of Men of War in seven divisions which were commanded by Opdam Trump Cartener Schramp Stillingwolfe Cornelius and John Evertsons Opdam in the mean time being Admiral But as the Dutch stood out to Sea a Fleet of English Merchant-men coming from Hamborough in the dark of the night by mistake fell in amongst the Enemies nor were they sensible of their Captivity till it was too late to flie for it and so they payed dear for their unhappy and prohibited Voyage The taking of the English Merchant-men was to the Enemies so joyful a presage of a future Engagement that directing their course towards England they resolved not to expect the coming of the English but not doubting of success to attack them in their own Coast His Royal Highness in the mean time was at Anchor with his Fleet near Harwich where so soon as he was advertised by his Scouts that the Enemy approached rejoycing at the long wished-for occasion of an Engagement on the first of June setting his Fleet in order with all the expedition he could he steers directly against the Dutch Next day he came in sight of the Enemies Fleet by night they were got near to one another and on the third of June with the day the Fight began The Fleet being drawn up undaunted Prince Rupert was in the Van in the Body of the Fleet was the Duke of York and the Earl of Sandwich in the Rear an expert Commander at Sea the Enemies Fleet being in order to engage them The first shot that was fired was from Prince Rupert's Squadron And both Fleets as yet fought with their great Guns at a distance The English had the wind which the Dutch on the other hand strove to gain it being westerly but whilst both Fleets strive for the wind the order of the Ships engaged changing the middle of the English Fleet came up with the front of the Enemies and Lawson who commanded the next Ship to the Admiral bearing in amongst their Fleet they came by a closer engagement to try the fate of both Nations By and by the Admirals of both Fleets by chance engaged together There was great slaughter on both sides and it was a bloudy Victory to his Royal Highness for whether by carelesness or our shot fire got into the Powder-Room and presently blew up Opdam's Ship He flying up into the Air prevented a shameful flight with his Fleet and falling again into the Sea Animam morti non redidit uni Resigned his life to several deaths The loss of the Admiral was attended with the
the King who on the first of February returned from Oxford to London where the Bonfires during the night expressed the hearty Joys of the People glad to see their Prince and that he saw the City now again in health Neighbouring Nations as yet looked at a distance upon the bloudy War betwixt the English and Dutch But Louis the French King powerful in men and money after he had for some time stood neutral thought and hoped that the Dutch and we having mutually weakened and tired our selves out in War he might have a fair opportunity to raise his power at Sea though the genius of that Nation seems not to be cut out for that profession He therefore smoothed up the Dutch with promises of assisting them with his Fleet being willing that they should have the dominion over the Seas whom he intended to conquer by Land and thereupon declared War against the English which was reciprocally proclaimed in London against the French In the same condition we stood with Denmark that the triumphs of Charles might be the larger Now besides the Dutch our Rivals at Sea the English Valour alone as yet unshaken resisted the threatning French and Denmark then alied with Holland as was equal to them all The affairs of England never succeeded better at Sea than under the auspicious conduct of his Royal Highness James Duke of York who always prefered the welfare of his Country before his own life yet he was dearer to the King and Kingdom being the second hopes of Britain than that his Princely person born to the highest Honours should be any more exposed to so mean and base an Enemy Therefore in the year one thousand six hundred and sixty six Prince Rupert and the Duke of Albemarle were pitched upon for the command of the Royal Navy who going on board equal in Power and Concord they put to Sea with a Fleet well appointed for War but presently after Prince Rupert by Letters from the Privy-Council has orders sent him in all haste with twenty good Frigats of the Fleet and others lying at Portsmouth to stand over for the Coast of France and hinder the French Fleet from joyning the Dutch I would to God it had not been judged of such an importance to make so great an effort to hinder the coming up of an Enemy who would not have much injured us nor assisted their Friends nor was there any thing to be feared from the French Fleet after the late overthrow of the Dutch But they laying hold of the opportunity of the English Fleet being divided and never fighting but by wiles and upon the advantage of number with fourscore and five Men of War attack the Royal Navy now much diminished in number With Albemarle there were not above fifty Frigats but he being a General without fear unacquainted with flight and judging nothing too hard for his fortune despised the Enemy which so far surpassed him as if they had been inferiour to him in number so confident a thing is Courage and preferring Glory before Safety on the first of June the day being pretty far advanced he drew up his Fleet and bravely engaged the Dutch Here number strove with Valour but the Sea being rough the English could not then use their lower tire of Guns which never failed to shatter and tear their Enemies Albemarle did great actions in this Engagement and everywhere behaved himself bravely being fearless amidst the thickest dangers and bold to admiration for bearing down with his own Ship upon the Enemies main Fleet he broke quite through them furiously firing on both sides till at length having given and received great loss and being disabled in his Masts Sails and Rigging he bore off Part of the Royal Fleet defended the Duke whilst he refitted his Ship and the rest continued obstinate in the Engagement till they were parted by the night In this Engagement four Dutch Ships were burnt and a Vice-Admiral and another of a less value sunk And the Dutch took three English Ships who being separated from the rest of the Fleet were engaged at a distance The Royal Fleet in the mean time suffered most in their Rigging and Tackle but all things by the diligence of the Sea-men being repaired in the night-time next morning the second of June Albemarle having called the Commanders to a Council of War on board his own Ship spake to them to this purpose HAd we been afraid of the double number of the Enemy we should have ran for it yesterday but though we be inferiour to them in Ships in all things else we have the better on 't Number made the Dutch bold and Courage us let us reflect upon that Fortune upon that Valour which heretofore the Dutch have felt to their woful experience we have the same Enemy to deal with whom we have so often beaten and made it our custom so often to overcome Let our Adversaries find to day that though our Fleet be divided our Courage is entire and when we consider our own Glory and ancient Renown how much more honourable will it be to die not unrevenged upon the Seas than to be carried Prisoners in our own Ships as a Spectacle of Triumph to the Dutch It is less disgrace to be overcome than to flie and Death is to be preferred before Fear The Fleet thus encouraged equally despising their own safety and their too numerous Enemy and being eager to retrieve their Honour all desire an Engagement and Albemarle confident in his own Valour and in the eagerness of his Souldiers declined not the Fight so that both Fleets fell to it afresh and engaged Pell-mell The English whose courage is redoubled by danger put the Enemy hard to it though they had had a fresh supply of Ships Men and Ammunition from Holland The Royal Fleet being incompassed by so many Dutch Ships had nothing else to trust to but to fight stoutly and make way for themselves in the best manner they could till at length many of the English Ships being disabled in their Sails and Rigging stood away and left the rest to deal with and maul the Enemy The Dutch sunk one Ship of the Royal Fleet and we our selves destroyed another that could not be brought off The Dutch in the mean time had but one Vice-Admiral Ship burnt and in this days Engagement with so numerous an Enemy it was a harder thing for us to keep our selves from being beaten than it was many times heretofore to have overcome them But after that with more than humane force and courage they had asserted their own Honour and the Glory of Britain lest they might make that Engagement which the resolution of the English had rendred famous by an inconsiderate boldness to be thought rash it was next day resolved in a Council of War to send off first the disabled Ships draw up the rest that were in a condition of fighting which were not above sixteen to make head
the glory and danger with his men came safe off leaving behind him a blazing Bonfire of Ships and an amazement amongst the Enemies The Enemy having now wholly abandoned the Sea the Prince and Albemarle steered their course back again to England leaving the terrour of their Names behind them After a tryal of Fortune both ways the Dutch prevailing neither with equal nor greater force they apply themselves to the French for the assistance so often promised and so often delayed and turning their sails and desires towards France they endeavoured in another Country to raise up an Enemy to the King of Great Britain Upon the news of the Enemies being out again at Sea the Royal Fleet presently set sail from England and beyond Calis blockt up the Dutch on the French Coast but a strong East Wind blowing and the Sea being very tempestuous it was not safe for the English to keep out longer at Sea They therefore bear away to St. Helens Point a very fit place to intercept the French Fleet that then was at the Rochell But so many fortunate successes over conquered Enemies abroad were quashed by a sudden and most dismal Calamity at home as if the beams of our shining Fortune were always to be intermixed and set off by Adversities For on the second of September a Lamentable Fire broke out in London a sad Judgment of an offended God against England The Fire began in a Bakers house in the lower part of the City near Thames-street amongst old rotten houses apt to catch fire and full of combustible Goods The darkness of the night putting all things into terrour and confusion increased the horrour of the Calamity The Citizens being frightened delayed the use of timely Remedies and which was no small accession to the Evil the people neglecting too much their houses were too fatally set upon the hasty removing of their Goods which were yet at length devoured by the nimble flames The raging East Wind that had much incommoded the English Fleet at Sea did far greater damage in the burning City by carrying the force of the flames through the greatest part of London The Conflagration grew soon insuperable by the blowing of the Wind which raising in a moment the fire from the bottom to the tops of the houses and scattering flakes in all places it grew too strong for the endeavours of those that laboured to quench it Here the blazes of ruddy flames were to be seen and there the crashing of falling houses to be heard and which was the sadest Spectacle under the Sun the doleful looks of so many Citizens the wailings of desolate women and the cries of children and decrepit aged people And in the forsaken shops of the wealthy Inhabitants numbers of Thieves and Pilferers greedier of Booty than the fire villanously skulked No man that had a sense of humane Miseries could see and not be affected with the dismal spectacle of the Ruining City of London Now were there to be seen almost an hundred Churches consecrated to God and many Hospitals the Monuments of ancient Piety besides other publick Buildings raised at the vast charges of our Ancestors the famed Sion-Colledge and Royal Exchange of London the Guild-hall and stately Cathedral of St. Pauls as sad Spectacles of the Calamity either buried under their own Rubbish or standing Monuments of the devouring flames Whilst all things else in the Exchange were consumed without sparing the many Statues of our Kings onely that of Gresham the Founder stood to bewail the Ruines of his own Fabrick so kind was Fate to the fame and memory of the liberal Doner The King whose high-born Soul was above the Vicissitudes of humane Contingencies could not but with grief and sorrow behold the lamentable Calamity of his wretched Subjects and native City exhorting comforting and advising them in their greatest difficulties And therefore he ordered that the next houses to the fire should be blown up that a void space being made betwixt the Buildings the remaining part of the City that which still stood might be saved this being the last Remedy that could be used The Duke of York also and many of the Nobility praised and encouraged the forward assisted the distressed and gave a generous example to all by the vigorous resistance they made against the devouring flames After that the Conflagration had continued four days to the inestimable losses of the Citizens and had burnt down thirteen thousand houses it was at length stopt more at the direction of Divine Providence than by any humane Arts or Means The more loyal part of the Citizens affected with the Kings sorrow more than their own put an high value upon his Royal Compassion towards them But the Fanatical Clubs who turned even the Calamities of their Country into Reproaches could scarcely forbear to miscal the Judgment a Command or at least did buz it about that the Kings Guards were a hindrance to those who laboured to put out the fire but the commoner surmise was that some French Agents had fired the City And many reasons were by fear or envy suggested to confirm the Treachery nothing being more usual amongst the common People than to make all Casualties Designes But those who still remembred the insolent Rage of the Londoners was the first cause of the Misfortunes of Charles the Martyr that the City was polluted with sacred Bloud had beheld the sad fate of the King and that some of the Citizens had called for and others permitted the murder of Charles humbly acknowledged the avenging hand of God in the Judgment This was the issue of that memorable fire of London which for above two thousand years had been rising to that greatness which now it could hardly bear A City impregnable against all the Efforts of so many foreign Enemies and civil Broils could no otherways be ruined but by the breaking out of a Fire amongst old wooden Buildings that were but too apt fewel for the flames Yet after the City was destroyed the Londoners bore up with greater resolutions than the Romans did of old when after the Conflagration made by the Gaules they removed to Veii nor did any man despairing to see London again rebuilt talk in the least of changing his habitation but the Citizens crowding themselves into Booths and new-made Deal-board houses or into Dwellings in the Suburbs took their measures about the building of a new City The approaching Winter now put an end to all Naval Engagements for this year so that both Fleets the Dutch and ours put into Harbour and were laid up and left the Privateers on each side to molest and take Merchant-men at Sea The King having last year tried the shifting way of his Enemies managing the War resolved upon other measures that by intercepting the Dutch Trade he might force them either to put an end to the War by fairly fighting or willingly submitting So that without putting himself to the charge of a Fleet this
The two Houses come to congratulate the King The night-joys of the Citizens A happy revolution of affairs from the Kings Restauration The King appoints a Privy Council and Ministers of State The Duke of York made Admiral The Earl of Clarendon Chancellor The Earl of Southampton Treasurer The D. of Ormond Steward of the K.'s Houshold The E. of Manchester Chamberlain Nicholas and Morrice Secretaries of State Monk Master of the Horse and Duke of Albemarle Bishops restored in the Church Will. Juxon Archbishop of Canterbury An Act of Oblivion is past The Army receives their Pay and is disbanded The Duke of Gloucester dies Sept. 13. The King takes into consideration the Government of England and Ireland Congratulatory Embassies from neighbouring Princes to the King The Kings Murderers brought to tryal Octob. 10. What they were accused of They make an idle base defence And are condemned Harrison hang'd and quarter'd Octob. 3. Carew is hang'd Octob. 15. The death of Cook and Peters Octob. 16. Clements Scot Jones and Scroop executed Octob. 17. Hacker and Axtell hang'd at Tyburn Octob. 19. The punishment of the fugitive Regicides The bones of the deceased raised and buried under Tyburn Jan. 30. 1660 61. Ireton 's Character Of Pride And Bradshaw The Original of Cromwel And his Manners Catalin luxuria primum hinc conflata egestas in nefaria concilia opprimendae Patriae compulêre Flor. l. 4. Tacit. Annab l. 1. p. 4. In vitâ Agricolae Milton Mary Princess of Orange came into England Sept. 23. She died at London Dec. 24. 1661. The Solemnities of the K.'s Coronation Triumphal Arches The First The Second The Third The Fourth The King crowned at Westminster April 23. A new Parl. May 8. The traiterous Solemn League and Covenant is condemned burnt The punishment of Mouson Mildmay and Wallop Jan. 27. 1661 62. The Traytors that came in 1662. Hard. Waller â—eveningham Marten Jam. Temple Wayte Tichburn Lilburn Downs Penningt Smith Garland Geo. Fleetwood Roe Millingt Meyn Peter Temple Harvey Potter Barkstead Okey and Corbet taken Were hanged at Tyburn April 19. Corbet 's Character Okey ' s. And Barkstead ' s. The vanity of the Regicides even to the last And the cause of it The K. Thinkâ— of Marriage He marries Catharine at Portsmouth May 22. Sir Hen. Vane brought to tryal June 2. His Character 1663. Beheaded Jan. 14. 1662 63. Lambert is condemned But obtains Mercy from the King The Duke of Ormond goes Lord Deputy into Ireland July 9. The Ceremonies and Rites of the Church confirmed by Parl. May 29. The licentiousness of Fanaticks The attempt of Vennet the Cooper Flor. Infamous Libels are found Twine the Printer hang'd Feb. 24. 1663 64. Conventicles forbidden by Act of Parl. 1664. Complaints of the injuries of the Dutch What were the injuries of the Dutch They injure And provoke Holmes They falsly accuse him The Parl. is moved at the injuries of the Dutch and address to the King The King demands Reparation by his Embassadour But in vain De Ruyter 's action at Guiny The contumelious sauciness of the Dutch De Wit the Dutch Dictator His Character and Arts. The confidence of the Dutch and why Alan's action The K. visits the Colledge of Physicians of London April 15. 1665. 1665. The Royal Fleet ready to put to Sea about the end of April The chief Commanders And Flag-Officers Volunteers The number of Ships and men in the Royal Fleet. They set saiâ— April 22. The Royal Fleet blocks up the Coast And the Enemy delaying to come out returns back to the English Coast The Dutch Fleet comes out The number Commanders of it They take the English Hamborough Fleet. A Sea-fight June 3. Opdam's ship blown up The Dutch put to flight Dutch Ships burnt The Commanders of the Dutch Fleet killed Volunteers killed in the English Fâ—eet Lawson dies De Ruyter is abroad at Piracy Attempts Barbadoes April 20. Spoils New-found-land Is made Admiral The Earl of Sandwich braves the Dutch The Royal Fleet attacks the Dutch East India Fleet in Bergen A Plague breaks out in London And then rages over England The K. went to Oxford The K. returned to London Feb. 1. 1665 66. War proclaimed in London against the French Feb. 10. 1666. Prince Rupert and the D. of Albemarle Commanders of the Fleet. The Prince is sent against the French Fleet. May 29. In the mean time the Dutch Fleet offers Albemarle an Engagement And they fight June 1. The Fight is renewed June 2. The Royal Fleet thinks of retreating June 3. Prince Rupert opportunely rejoyns the Fleet. The Fight is again renewed June 4. The Dutch Fleet flies The Royal Fleet puts into Harbour June 6. The Dutch dare the Royal Fleet. The Royal Fleet sets out to engage them July 17. And engages the Dutch July 25. The Dutch flie The Royal Fleet blocks up Holland Holmes sails to the Uly And there burn 150 ships The Dutch Fleet sails for France Aug. 16. The Fire of London Sept. 2. The fire is put out Sept. 4. The Fictions of Fanaticks concerning the Fire Liv. l. 5. The Fleets put into Harbour 1667. The K. keeps his Fleet at home And secures the Coasts and Harbours Neighbouring Kings mediate a Peace The Dutch by surprize fall upon the Kings Fleet. June 10. Embassadours meet on both sides And conclude a Peace July 9. The building of London is taken into consideration The Royal Exchange founded Octob. 23. The death of Abraham Couley 1668. All hands are set to work in the rebuilding of London Liv. l. 26. The Monument of the dreadful Fire The Theatre of Oxford founded in the year 1664. is finished 1669. The Lord Roberts Deputy of Ireland Sept. 20. The D. of Ormond made Chancellour of the Vniversity of Oxford The Queen Mother dies in France The death of the Duke of Albemarle Jan. 2. 1669 70. His Birth and Extraction He followed the Wars in his youth Vnder Charles the First he served in the Scottish War In Ireland also 1669 70. He joyns the K. at Oxford Is taken by the Parliament and made prisoner in the Tower of London He takes on with the Parliament And goes to Ireland He marches with Cromwel into Scotland He fights against the Dutch under the Rump-Parliament Is by Cromwel made Governour of Scotland The Solemnity of his Funerals His Courage His Prudence And Modesty Tacit. Hist l. 3. Tacit. Annal. lib. 4. Plin. Panegyr A Catalogue of some Books printed for and to be sold by Abel Swalle DR Comber's Companion to the Temple or Help to Devotion in 4 parts fol. Dr. Allestry's Forty Sermons whereof Twenty one now first published The Works of Mr. Abraham Cowley The Eighth Edition The second part of the Works of Mr. Abraham Cowley being what was written in his younger years The Fifth Edition The Case of Resistance of the Supreme Powers Stated and Resolved by Dr. Sherlock in 8 o Dr. Sherlock's Vindication of the Rights of Ecclesiastical Authority being an Answer to the first part of the Protestant Reconciler 8 o Pet. Dan. Huetii de Interpret Lib. 2 o quarum prior est de Optimo Genere Interpret Alter de Claris Interpret c. in 8 o L. Coelii Lactantii Firmiani Opera quae extant ad fidem MSS. recognita Commenturiis Illustrata à Tho. Spark Oxon è Theat Sheld The Case of Compelling Men to the Sacrament of the Lords Supper considered By the Author of the Charge of Scandal A Sermon preached before the King at White-hall Nov. 23. by Gilb. Ironfide D.D. A Discourse concerning the Object of Religious Worship or a Scripture-proof of the unlawfulness of giving any Religious Worship to any other Being beside the one Supreme God Part 1. A Discourse about the Charge of Novelty upon the Reformed Church of England made by the Papists asking of us this Question Where was our Religion before Luther A Discourse about Tradition shewing what is meant by it and what Tradition is to be Received and what Tradition is to be Rejected The Protestant Resolution of Faith being an Answer to three Questions c. A Discourse concerning a Guide in Matters of Faith A Discourse concerning the Unity of the Catholick Church maintained in the Church of England A Discourse concerning Invocation of Saints A Discourse concerning Auricular Confession as it is prescribed by the Council of Trent and practis'd in the Church of Rome There is now in the Press and will speedily be published Philosophia Vetus Nova ad usum Scholoe accommodata in Regia Burgundia olim pertractata 2 Vol. Duodecim According to the Edition printed at Paris 1684. in 2 vol. 4 o