the_o first_o who_o have_v make_v use_n of_o it_o neither_o will_v we_o hinder_v it_o to_o be_v a_o perpetual_a law_n to_o age_n to_o come_v be_v assure_o confident_a say_v they_o that_o if_o you_o have_v that_o power_n over_o we_o that_o we_o probable_o may_v short_o have_v over_o you_o you_o will_v not_o fail_v to_o put_v this_o law_n in_o execution_n against_o we_o so_o you_o see_v that_o both_o cyrus_n and_o the_o athenian_n think_v prisoner_n of_o war_n may_v be_v put_v to_o death_n if_o the_o victor_n please_v not_o only_o by_o the_o law_n of_o war_n but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o both_o nation_n and_o nature_n before_o i_o go_v further_o i_o shall_v premise_v one_o thing_n at_o which_o perhaps_o many_o of_o my_o own_o profession_n scruple_n which_o be_v that_o notwithstanding_o any_o quarter_n grant_v in_o the_o field_n in_o time_n of_o battle_n or_o skirmish_n or_o at_o the_o assault_n of_o town_n or_o castle_n bâ—llâ—_n how_o a_o general_n may_v use_v his_o prisoner_n of_o war_n jurâ—_n bâ—llâ—_n he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a over_o the_o victorious_a army_n may_v put_v all_o or_o any_o of_o the_o prisoner_n to_o death_n that_o he_o please_v without_o do_v any_o wrong_n to_o the_o law_n of_o war_n because_o they_o have_v no_o quarter_n promise_v they_o by_o he_o either_o by_o word_n or_o in_o writing_n which_o we_o ordinary_o call_v parol_n what_o quarter_n be_v give_v by_o any_o officer_n who_o be_v inferior_a for_o the_o time_n or_o by_o any_o soldier_n be_v but_o till_o the_o general_n or_o commander_n in_o chief_a judge_n of_o the_o prisoner_n and_o then_o he_o may_v do_v with_o they_o as_o he_o please_v but_o observe_v on_o the_o other_o hand_n that_o though_o jure_v belli_n he_o may_v do_v so_o yet_o when_o he_o put_v prisoner_n to_o death_n in_o cold_a blood_n he_o may_v be_v just_o brand_v with_o inhumanity_n and_o cruelty_n unless_o those_o prisoner_n have_v be_v traitor_n rebel_n runaway_n or_o fugitive_n or_o that_o quarter_n have_v be_v promise_v contrary_a to_o the_o express_a command_n of_o the_o general_n any_o of_o these_o alter_v the_o case_n such_o be_v that_o act_n of_o saul_n king_n of_o israel_n who_o give_v quarter_n to_o agag_n contrary_a to_o the_o express_a command_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o host_n who_o have_v ordain_v he_o to_o die_v let_v we_o take_v a_o short_a view_n how_o this_o perpetual_a law_n whereof_o cyrus_n and_o the_o athenian_a ambassador_n speak_v be_v execute_v in_o ancient_a time_n and_o i_o believe_v we_o shall_v see_v that_o all_o prisoner_n of_o war_n be_v either_o ransom_v exchange_v put_v to_o death_n or_o make_v slave_n the_o jew_n differ_v a_o little_a from_o other_o nation_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o slave_n jewish_a slave_n slavery_n for_o deut._n 23._o they_o have_v a_o political_a law_n which_o order_v a_o refuge_n to_o their_o slave_n slave_n certain_o who_o come_v to_o that_o calamity_n by_o none_o of_o their_o own_o fault_n and_o that_o be_v most_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o 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he_o may_v never_o see_v any_o thing_n to_o comfort_v he_o the_o captain_n of_o god_n choose_a people_n of_o israel_n and_o judah_n think_v not_o that_o their_o hand_n be_v bind_v up_o by_o any_o quaâ—â—er_a that_o be_v give_v by_o their_o inferior_a commander_n and_o soldier_n but_o pass_v very_o ordinary_o a_o sentence_n of_o death_n upon_o most_o of_o their_o prisoner_n of_o war._n joshua_n hang_v most_o of_o those_o king_n who_o he_o take_v in_o the_o land_n of_o canaan_n adonibeâ—â—k_o have_v his_o thumb_n and_o great_a toe_n cut_v off_o for_o so_o he_o have_v use_v seventy_o two_o king_n before_o zebah_n and_o zalmunnah_n king_n of_o midian_a after_o they_o have_v quarter_n give_v they_o be_v kill_v in_o cold_a blood_n by_o gidâ—on_n perhaps_o by_o no_o other_o inspiration_n than_o that_o of_o revenge_n because_o they_o have_v kill_v his_o brethren_n and_o by_o the_o way_n i_o observe_v that_o the_o israelite_n in_o their_o civil_a war_n among_o themselves_o give_v very_o bad_a 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reason_n than_o to_o be_v revenge_v for_o the_o disgrace_n do_v to_o his_o ambassador_n by_o hâ—nan_n king_n of_o the_o a_o 〈…〉_o it_o be_v i_o shall_v not_o offer_v to_o determine_v but_o certain_o the_o prophet_n â—lisha_fw-mi give_v a_o contrary_a advice_n to_o jehorâ—â—â—_n king_n of_o israel_n quarter_n elisha_n advise_v to_o give_v fair_a quarter_n who_o ask_v the_o man_n of_o god_n what_o he_o shall_v do_v with_o those_o syrian_n who_o be_v miraculous_o bring_v into_o samâ—ria_n in_o these_o word_n shall_v i_o smiâ—e_v they_o my_o father_n shall_v i_o smiâ—e_v they_o be_v answer_v wiâ—â—_n thou_o smiâ—e_v those_o who_o thou_o have_v takâ—â—_n with_o thy_o bow_n and_o thy_o spear_n nay_o see_v brâ—ad_a and_o water_n before_o they_o and_o send_v thâ—â—_n back_o to_o their_o master_n i_o confess_v this_o be_v very_o fair_a quarter_n but_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imitate_v in_o all_o its_o point_n the_o obstinate_a keep_n out_o of_o town_n fort_n and_o castle_n when_o there_o be_v quarter_n a_o occasion_n of_o bad_a quarter_n neither_o hope_n nor_o probability_n of_o succour_n have_v be_v often_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o besiege_a after_o they_o have_v render_v have_v be_v butcher_v to_o death_n that_o be_v after_o they_o have_v yield_v to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o conqueror_n who_o have_v grant_v no_o article_n or_o condition_n may_v put_v they_o all_o to_o death_n without_o any_o stâ—â—â—_n of_o perfidy_n he_o may_v do_v it_o jure_fw-la bâ—lli_fw-la but_o he_o may_v be_v tax_v with_o severity_n if_o not_o cruelty_n for_o it_o yet_o generous_a prince_n have_v practise_v it_o titus_n a_o merciful_a prince_n cast_v the_o jew_n who_o be_v his_o prisoner_n both_o man_n and_o woman_n by_o hundred_o to_o be_v tear_v and_o devour_v by_o wild_a beast_n the_o great_a alexander_n cause_v some_o thousand_o of_o the_o tirian_o to_o be_v scourge_v and_o crucify_a after_o they_o wear_v prisoner_n because_o in_o defence_n of_o their_o city_n they_o have_v so_o long_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o course_n of_o his_o victory_n but_o i_o think_v he_o can_v be_v vindicate_v from_o extreme_a inhumanity_n alexander_n inhumanity_n of_o alexander_n use_v to_o the_o noble_a governor_n of_o gaza_n who_o keep_v out_o that_o place_n courageous_o against_o he_o till_o the_o never-failing_a fortune_n of_o that_o dare_a prince_n put_v the_o woeful_a governor_n into_o his_o hand_n who_o fâ—â—t_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v bore_v and_o through_o the_o hole_n he_o put_v cord_n and_o tie_v these_o to_o horse-tail_n in_o that_o manner_n cause_v he_o to_o be_v drag_v about_o the_o city_n in_o imitation_n perhaps_o of_o what_o homer_n say_v achilles_n of_o who_o alexander_n derive_v his_o pedigree_n do_v to_o the_o dead_a body_n of_o the_o valiant_a hector_n the_o veneti_n a_o people_n in_o gâ—â—le_n be_v overcome_v by_o câ—sar_n
a_o sight_n by_o proclamation_n give_v they_o three_o day_n to_o live_v before_o their_o death_n shall_v be_v resolve_v on_o by_o he_o but_o in_o vain_a for_o a_o of_o they_o dispatch_v themselves_o except_o such_o as_o be_v by_o force_n bond_n and_o chain_n compel_v to_o live_v you_o may_v read_v their_o lamentable_a tragedy_n in_o polyâ—â—â—_n his_o sixteenth_o book_n and_o in_o the_o thirty_o first_o of_o titus_n livius_n nor_o do_v the_o roman_n in_o their_o civil_a war_n give_v better_o quarter_v one_o to_o another_o war_n romans_z cruel_a to_o prisoner_n in_o their_o civil_a war_n except_o câ—sar_n than_o they_o do_v to_o stranger_n pâ—â—â—â—ius_n kill_v those_o soldier_n of_o câ—sar's_n who_o he_o find_v in_o his_o camp_n though_o câ—sar_n spare_v those_o of_o peâ—â—eiâ—s_n and_o send_v they_o back_o to_o he_o sciplâ—_n pompey_n father-in-law_n put_v aâ—_n those_o of_o câ—sar's_n party_n to_o death_n who_o he_o take_v prisoner_n syâ—â—â—_n after_o all_o his_o victory_n very_o cruel_o put_v eight_o thousand_o roman_n to_o the_o sword_n in_o the_o great_a hostelery_n near_o the_o city_n after_o they_o have_v yield_v to_o his_o mercy_n nor_o do_v aâ—gustus_n keep_v himself_o within_o the_o limit_n of_o mercy_n when_o he_o think_v it_o fit_a at_o one_o time_n to_o sacrifice_v three_o hundred_o roman_a knight_n to_o appease_v the_o incense_a ghost_n of_o his_o great_a uncle_n julius_n câ—sar_n but_o it_o may_v be_v say_v these_o have_v that_o pretence_n which_o all_o civil_a war_n carry_v along_o with_o it_o and_o that_o be_v that_o all_o who_o oppose_v either_o of_o the_o two_o party_n be_v rebel_n to_o the_o state_n whether_o the_o party_n be_v for_o the_o lawful_a and_o supreme_a authority_n or_o against_o it_o and_o therefore_o to_o say_v no_o more_o of_o their_o civil_a war_n i_o find_v they_o extreme_a cruel_a in_o their_o war_n with_o hannibal_n to_o their_o own_o soldier_n which_o that_o great_a carthaginian_a have_v take_v prisoner_n fabiâ—s_v the_o dictator_n who_o save_v the_o roman_a state_n make_v a_o agreement_n with_o hannibal_n for_o the_o exchange_n and_o ransom_n of_o prisoner_n of_o a_o like_a quality_n and_o for_o every_o one_o of_o those_o who_o after_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v be_v supernumerary_n they_o be_v to_o pay_v â—eaâ—_n eight_o pound_n sterling_n at_o one_o exchange_n there_o be_v two_o hundred_o â—orty_fw-la seven_o more_o roman_n than_o carthaginian_n hannibal_n demand_v their_o ransom_n fabius_n send_v to_o avarice_n romanâ—enates_n â—enates_z avarice_n the_o senate_n for_o it_o who_o base_o refuse_v the_o money_n and_o disow_v the_o agreement_n what_o can_v the_o good_a old_a man_n fabius_n do_v but_o send_v his_o son_n to_o rome_n and_o sell_v a_o part_n of_o his_o patrimony_n and_o pay_v the_o money_n to_o hannibal_n which_o be_v near_o two_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_n a_o vast_a sum_n in_o those_o day_n but_o they_o deal_v worse_o with_o those_o of_o their_o own_o man_n who_o be_v take_v prisoner_n at_o cannae_n who_o they_o injustice_n it_o be_v cruelty_n and_o injustice_n will_v neither_o ransom_n out_o of_o the_o public_a pâ—rse_n nor_o suffer_v the_o prisoner_n themselves_o or_o their_o friend_n to_o ransom_n out_o of_o their_o private_a fortune_n and_o estate_n and_o though_o the_o senate_n flatter_v themselves_o by_o call_v this_o act_n of_o their_o own_o magnanimous_a yet_o since_o there_o be_v no_o justice_n in_o it_o it_o can_v carry_v no_o generosity_n along_o with_o it_o for_o if_o these_o captive_n roman_n misbehave_a themselves_o in_o the_o battle_n the_o senate_n be_v bouâ—d_v in_o honour_n to_o ransom_n they_o and_o punish_v they_o themselves_o and_o not_o suffer_v they_o to_o rot_v in_o prison_n with_o their_o capital_a enemy_n assure_o this_o action_n want_v for_o neither_o avarice_n nor_o cruelty_n for_o strange_a it_o be_v thus_o to_o punish_v common_a soldier_n and_o yet_o to_o send_v out_o some_o principal_a senator_n to_o meet_v and_o compliment_v their_o hare-brained_a conful_n teremiâ—â—_n vaâ—â—_n and_o thank_v he_o that_o he_o have_v not_o despair_v of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o yet_o by_o his_o obstinate_a and_o inexcusable_a folly_n he_o have_v bring_v the_o commonwealth_n to_o the_o very_a brink_n of_o destruction_n and_o why_o may_v not_o hannibal_n have_v use_v these_o roman_a prisoner_n as_o livy_n in_o his_o seven_o book_n tell_v we_o the_o roman_n use_v some_o thousand_o of_o the_o tarquinian_a prisoner_n unjust_a a_o merciless_a act_n of_o the_o roman_n yet_o not_o unjust_a of_o who_o they_o choose_v 358_o of_o the_o prime_a nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n all_o these_o they_o first_o whip_v well_o with_o rod_n and_o then_o strike_v off_o their_o head_n in_o the_o great_a marketplace_n of_o rome_n and_o present_o after_o put_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o prisoner_n to_o the_o sword_n in_o cold_a blood_n though_o this_o be_v a_o very_a merciless_a act_n yet_o by_o the_o law_n of_o war_n they_o may_v do_v it_o and_o so_o may_v hannibal_n have_v do_v to_o their_o prisoner_n and_o true_o i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o he_o can_v be_v oblige_v to_o â—eed_v those_o who_o their_o own_o master_n will_v not_o ransom_n let_v we_o hear_v what_o opinion_n polybâ—â—s_n have_v of_o prisoner_n of_o war_n who_o be_v a_o grave_a use_v polybius_n his_o opinion_n how_o prisoner_n of_o war_n may_v be_v use_v historian_n a_o great_a statesman_n and_o a_o good_a captain_n in_o his_o second_o book_n speak_v of_o aristomachuâ—_n who_o be_v a_o prisoner_n of_o war_n be_v torture_v to_o death_n he_o say_v on_o that_o subject_n that_o neither_o antigonâ—â—_n king_n of_o macedon_n nor_o aratus_n praetor_n of_o the_o achâ—ans_n can_v be_v call_v cruel_a for_o put_v a_o captive_n to_o death_n with_o torment_n for_o though_o aristomachus_n have_v not_o deserve_v that_o usage_n otherwise_o yet_o they_o may_v have_v do_v all_o to_o he_o that_o be_v donâ—_n â—ure_n belli_n for_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o war_n give_v the_o conqueror_n power_n to_o use_v his_o prisoner_n at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o the_o same_o author_n speak_v of_o the_o mantimans_fw-la who_o be_v just_o punish_v for_o their_o abominable_a perfidy_n and_o ingratitude_n in_o slaughter_v those_o achaans_n who_o be_v send_v to_o preserve_v they_o he_o say_v express_o that_o though_o they_o have_v commit_v no_o such_o wickedness_n nor_o any_o other_o crime_n at_o all_o yet_o the_o victor_n in_o war_n jure_fw-la belli_n may_v have_v either_o kill_v they_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n or_o sell_v they_o for_o slave_n at_o his_o pleasure_n thus_o far_o he_o but_o this_o power_n of_o victorious_a prince_n or_o general_n over_o the_o good_n person_n and_o live_v of_o their_o prisoner_n be_v limit_v and_o restrain_v by_o treaty_n parley_n treaty_n treaty_n capitulation_n and_o article_n to_o the_o strict_a observance_n whereof_o simple_o and_o without_o fraud_n or_o ambiguity_n all_o man_n of_o what_o station_n rank_n or_o quality_n whatsoever_o or_o of_o what_o religion_n or_o persuasion_n soever_o be_v he_o jew_n or_o gâ—mile_n grâ—cian_n or_o barbarian_a christian_a or_o mahometan_a be_v tie_v because_o faith_n and_o promise_n treaty_n article_n and_o promise_n shall_v be_v faithful_o kepâ—_n no_o enemy_n to_o be_v trust_v in_o time_n of_o treaty_n be_v the_o sacred_a and_o indissoluble_a bond_n which_o maintain_v humane_a society_n and_o whosoever_o break_v they_o on_o any_o pretence_n shall_v be_v look_v on_o as_o a_o monster_n and_o not_o as_o a_o man._n in_o the_o time_n of_o treaty_n both_o party_n who_o treat_v aught_o to_o be_v careful_a that_o a_o cessation_n of_o arm_n be_v agree_v on_o and_o sign_v by_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a of_o both_o force_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o field_n town_n castle_n or_o garrison_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v on_o their_o guard_n for_o fear_v of_o â—oul_a play_n or_o some_o unexpected_a rapture_n of_o the_o treaty_n for_o both_o in_o ancient_n and_o modern_a time_n city_n and_o fort_n have_v be_v surprise_v when_o those_o within_o thought_n themselves_o secure_a by_o a_o treaty_n and_o cessation_n as_o history_n of_o all_o age_n bear_v witness_n and_o many_o time_n these_o surprise_v have_v be_v make_v without_o either_o the_o consent_n or_o connivance_n of_o either_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a or_o his_o subordinate_a officer_n mere_o by_o the_o common_a soldier_n who_o frequent_o think_v themselves_o defraud_v by_o treaty_n of_o that_o which_o they_o conceive_v be_v the_o price_n of_o their_o sweat_n and_o blood_n to_o wit_n the_o spoil_n and_o booty_n of_o the_o place_n besiege_v or_o of_o the_o person_n of_o those_o almost_o beat_v and_o overcome_v in_o the_o field_n nor_o shall_v any_o treaty_n give_v the_o least_o interruption_n to_o the_o constant_a keep_n of_o strict_a guard_n and_o careful_a watch_n nor_o shall_v those_o who_o treat_v have_v liberty_n to_o view_v guard_n camp_n magazine_n
those_o officer_n who_o be_v call_v together_o to_o be_v a_o jury_n in_o the_o examine_n processing_n and_o sentence_v delinquent_n and_o it_o be_v twofold_a a_o general_n or_o high_a court_n of_o war_n and_o a_o regiment_n or_o a_o low_a court_n of_o war._n the_o cause_n belong_v to_o the_o general_n court_n of_o war_n cognizance_n be_v war._n a_o general_n court_n of_o war._n matter_n of_o treason_n against_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n injury_n and_o affront_n do_v or_o offer_v to_o the_o person_n or_o honour_n of_o their_o general_n difference_n between_o the_o cavalry_n and_o infantry_n between_o one_o regiment_n and_o another_o between_z officer_n of_o one_o regiment_n or_o between_o officer_n and_o soldier_n of_o one_o regiment_n to_o the_o decision_n of_o a_o general_n court_n of_o war_n belong_v all_o civil_a affair_n and_o business_n though_o they_o have_v be_v determine_v in_o the_o low_a court_n for_o in_o it_o case_n to_o be_v determine_v by_o it_o these_o case_n appeal_n be_v permit_v to_o the_o high_a court_n neither_o can_v the_o sentence_n of_o the_o low_a court_n be_v execute_v till_o the_o process_n be_v full_o hear_v in_o the_o superior_a if_o the_o party_n concern_v have_v appeal_v to_o it_o when_o the_o business_n concern_v the_o prince_n or_o state_n or_o that_o any_o general_a person_n or_o colonel_n be_v criminal_o accuse_v the_o general_n or_o commander_n in_o chief_a of_o the_o army_n be_v oblige_v to_o preside_v himself_o but_o in_o those_o other_o case_n which_o i_o have_v mention_v it_o the_o precedent_n of_o it_o he_o may_v appoint_v a_o lieutenant-general_n or_o a_o major-general_n to_o preside_v i_o know_v the_o swede_n give_v the_o presidency_n in_o general_n court_v of_o war_n constant_o to_o the_o auditor-general_n or_o judg-marshal_n in_o the_o general_n or_o feltmarshal_n absence_n but_o true_o i_o think_v this_o be_v not_o do_v without_o some_o derogation_n to_o those_o general_a officer_n who_o assist_v for_o though_o upon_o the_o matter_n the_o auditor-general_n order_v the_o proceed_n of_o the_o martial_a court_n yet_o in_o point_n of_o honour_n he_o shall_v not_o preside_v in_o a_o high_a court_n of_o war_n no_o more_o than_o a_o regiment-auditor_n in_o the_o discipline_n of_o these_o same_o swede_n preside_v in_o a_o low_a court._n the_o assessor_n shall_v be_v twelve_o in_o number_n at_o least_o for_o they_o assessor_n the_o assessor_n may_v be_v and_o ordinary_o be_v more_o beside_o the_o precedent_n and_o in_o some_o place_n fourteen_o beside_o the_o precedent_n these_o be_v the_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n the_o lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o army_n the_o general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o infantry_n the_o lieutenant-general_n and_o major-general_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n the_o quartermaster_n general_n and_o such_o colonel_n as_o the_o general_n or_o auditor-general_n think_v fit_a to_o appoint_v after_o they_o be_v convene_v they_o take_v their_o place_n thus_o at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o table_n the_o precedent_n sit_v alone_o upon_o his_o right_a hand_n at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o table_n sit_v the_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n and_o under_o he_o the_o general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n upon_o the_o precedent_n leave_v hand_n at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o table_n sit_v the_o lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o army_n and_o under_o he_o the_o general_n of_o the_o foot_n under_o the_o general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n sit_v the_o lieutenant-general_n precedency_n their_o precedency_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o under_o the_o general_n of_o the_o foot_n sit_v the_o lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o in_o that_o same_o order_n the_o major-general_n and_o next_o they_o the_o general_n commissary_n and_o general_a quartermaster_n next_o they_o all_o the_o colonel_n who_o be_v call_v there_o take_v their_o place_n according_a to_o the_o time_n they_o have_v serve_v as_o colonel_n in_o that_o prince_n or_o state_n service_n the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o table_n which_o be_v that_o on_o the_o precedent_n right_a hand_n be_v more_o honourable_a than_o the_o other_o after_o they_o have_v all_o take_v their_o seat_n they_o rise_v again_o and_o hear_v a_o oath_n read_v wherein_o they_o swear_v with_o hand_n up_o to_o be_v free_a oath_n their_o oath_n from_o all_o malice_n envy_n hatred_n revenge_n fear_v and_o affection_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v judge_v righteous_o and_o impartial_o according_a to_o the_o law_n constitution_n and_o article_n of_o war_n and_o their_o own_o best_a judgement_n and_o conscience_n so_o help_v they_o god_n in_o the_o great_a day_n the_o provost-marshal_n general_n be_v to_o be_v the_o accuser_n accuser_n the_o accuser_n with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o prince_n prolocutor-fiscal_a and_o to_o he_o belong_v also_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o sentence_n the_o low_a court_n of_o war_n be_v that_o which_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o several_a regiment_n whether_o horse_n or_o foot_n which_o the_o colonel_n and_o in_o their_o absence_n the_o lieutenant-colonel_n may_v call_v when_o ever_o they_o think_v the_o necessity_n of_o their_o affair_n war._n a_o regiment_n court_n of_o war._n require_v it_o a_o regiment_n court-marshal_n may_v judge_n and_o determine_v in_o all_o cause_n both_o civil_a and_o criminal_a and_o of_o all_o person_n except_o the_o three_o field-officer_n within_o that_o regiment_n the_o colonel_n preside_v in_o his_o absence_n the_o lieutenant-colonel_n precedent_n the_o precedent_n and_o in_o his_o the_o major_n or_o if_o none_o of_o these_o be_v present_a the_o old_a captain_n but_o the_o regiment-auditor_n never_o nay_o not_o in_o the_o swedish_n army_n in_o the_o regiment_n of_o horse_n the_o colonel_n assessor_n be_v his_o lieutenant-colonel_n assessor_n his_o assessor_n and_o major_a three_o rit-master_n as_o many_o lieutenant_n as_o many_o cornet_n and_o as_o many_o corporal_n or_o more_o if_o the_o colonel_n please_v in_o a_o regiment_n of_o foot_n two_o captain_n two_o 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superior_a court_n especial_o when_o he_o have_v ground_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o regiment-court_n have_v past_a either_o too_o rigorous_a or_o too_o mild_a and_o favourable_a a_o sentence_n and_o this_o superior_a court_n call_v in_o such_o case_n be_v common_o call_v a_o court_n of_o error_n because_o it_o cognosce_v error_n court_n of_o error_n of_o the_o error_n of_o the_o inferior_a one_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n still_o retain_v power_n to_o moderate_v and_o mitigate_v the_o sentence_n of_o either_o of_o the_o court_n or_o gracious_o to_o remit_v and_o pardon_v the_o offence_n and_o in_o their_o absence_n their_o general_n may_v do_v the_o like_a except_o in_o the_o case_n of_o les_fw-fr majesty_n but_o after_o the_o sentence_n of_o either_o the_o one_o court_n or_o the_o other_o be_v prohounce_v no_o man_n that_o bear_v charge_n or_o office_n in_o the_o army_n be_v permit_v to_o speak_v for_o pardon_n or_o mitigation_n unless_o it_o be_v ensign_n to_o who_o something_o of_o that_o nature_n by_o custom_n be_v indulge_v and_o in_o some_o place_n officer_n who_o transgress_v in_o this_o point_n be_v punish_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o place_n and_o such_o as_o have_v do_v so_o may_v be_v sure_a none_o will_v be_v so_o kind_a as_o to_o plead_v for_o their_o restoration_n these_o law_n ordinance_n and_o court_n of_o war_n the_o sentence_n of_o these_o court_n and_o execution_n of_o these_o sentence_n make_v up_o that_o part_n of_o a_o militia_n which_o ordinary_o war._n discipline_n of_o war._n be_v call_v the_o discipline_n of_o war_n for_o the_o right_a order_n and_o regulate_v whereof_o a_o auditor-general_n inferior_a auditor_n a_o marshal-general_n inferior_a provost_n marshal_n and_o their_o lieutenant_n with_o executioner_n or_o hangman_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a member_n in_o all_o army_n the_o auditor-general_n be_v he_o who_o we_o call_v judge_n marshal_n and_o who_o some_o marshal_n judge_n marshal_n call_v judg-advocate_n he_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o grave_n and_o judicious_a person_n
another_o place_n of_o the_o military_a punishment_n and_o reward_n of_o the_o ancient_n i_o have_v likewise_o speak_v of_o our_o modern_a military_a law_n where_o observe_v that_o most_o of_o they_o threaten_v punishment_n few_o or_o none_o promise_v reward_n the_o first_o be_v due_a to_o transgressor_n the_o second_o be_v ex_fw-la beneplacito_fw-la because_o all_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o do_v their_o duty_n yet_o prince_n and_o state_n have_v reward_v virtue_n of_o late_a time_n as_o well_o as_o the_o ancient_n do_v i_o shall_v speak_v of_o punishment_n and_o then_o of_o reward_n though_o prince_n and_o state_n have_v their_o several_a law_n of_o war_n yet_o all_o agree_v treason_n punishment_n of_o capital_a crime_n treason_n that_o treason_n against_o the_o prince_n in_o betray_v either_o his_o fort_n force_n or_o munition_n shall_v be_v punish_v with_o a_o ignominious_a death_n but_o the_o crime_n shall_v be_v thorough_o examine_v by_o the_o judge_n marshal_n and_o court_n of_o war_n whereof_o i_o have_v former_o speak_v mutiny_n against_o command_n or_o superior_a mutiny_n mutiny_n officer_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n if_o it_o can_v be_v compesce_v without_o force_n either_o all_o or_o most_o of_o the_o army_n be_v to_o be_v call_v together_o to_o cut_v the_o mutineer_n in_o piece_n but_o if_o a_o mutiny_n be_v quiet_v without_o blood_n in_o do_v whereof_o both_o courage_n and_o prudence_n be_v requisite_a then_o ordinary_o the_o ringleader_n be_v to_o die_v and_o the_o rest_n be_v either_o all_o pardon_v or_o all_o to_o run_v the_o gatloupe_n or_o the_o ten_o man_n of_o they_o be_v to_o suffer_v death_n which_o custom_n be_v borrow_a from_o the_o ancient_a roman_n if_o officer_n run_v away_o from_o the_o mutineer_n and_o leave_v they_o mutiny_v the_o law_n of_o war_n order_n they_o to_o die_v unless_o they_o can_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o either_o they_o have_v kill_v some_o of_o the_o mutineer_n or_o have_v be_v wound_v themselves_o by_o they_o but_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v that_o too_o many_o of_o they_o be_v more_o ready_a to_o give_v a_o rise_n and_o beginning_n to_o a_o mutiny_n than_o to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o it_o the_o death_n of_o a_o mutineer_n shall_v be_v ignominious_a and_o therefore_o it_o shall_v be_v hang_v or_o break_v on_o a_o wheel_n all_o crime_n that_o be_v capital_a by_o the_o civil_a law_n more_o many_o more_o be_v so_o also_o by_o martial_a law_n as_o wilful_a murder_n robbery_n theft_n incest_n sodomy_n and_o other_o needless_a to_o be_v rehearse_v but_o martial_a law_n make_v many_o crime_n capital_a which_o the_o civil_a and_o municipal_a law_n do_v not_o such_o be_v to_o desert_v the_o colour_n to_o sleep_v on_o sentinel_n to_o be_v drink_v on_o a_o watch_n to_o draw_v a_o sword_n or_o strike_v at_o a_o superior_a many_o time_n these_o be_v pardon_v and_o very_o oft_o they_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n when_o a_o general_n think_v justice_n more_o convenient_a than_o mercy_n to_o be_v 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army_n it_o will_v be_v about_o two_o or_o three_o and_o thirty_o year_n since_o leopold_n archduke_n of_o austria_n and_o his_o lieutenant_n general_n piccolomini_n cause_v a_o regiment_n of_o horse_n to_o be_v cut_v in_o piece_n and_o all_o the_o officer_n to_o be_v hang_v in_o the_o place_n wherever_o they_o can_v be_v apprehend_v without_o any_o process_n or_o sentence_n of_o a_o court_n of_o war_n because_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o whole_a regiment_n have_v run_v punishment_n a_o exemplary_a and_o deserve_a punishment_n away_o in_o a_o full_a body_n without_o fight_v at_o the_o second_o battle_n of_o leipsick_a where_o the_o suedish_n felt-marshal_n torstenson_n gain_v the_o victory_n over_o the_o imperialist_n i_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o last_o chapter_n of_o the_o punishment_n due_a to_o those_o governor_n who_o give_v over_o fort_n soon_o than_o they_o need_v and_o give_v you_o some_o instance_n but_o now_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o that_o by_o some_o article_n of_o war_n the_o whole_a garrison_n be_v liable_a to_o punishment_n which_o be_v to_o be_v pioner_n to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n i_o dare_v say_v law_n a_o severe_a law_n nothing_o against_o the_o justice_n of_o this_o law_n but_o i_o think_v if_o the_o garrison_n disobey_v the_o governor_n and_o do_v not_o march_v out_o at_o his_o command_n he_o pretend_v the_o prince_n or_o general_n order_n for_o what_o he_o do_v all_o of_o it_o may_v undergo_v the_o censure_n and_o punishment_n of_o mutiny_n but_o many_o law_n be_v make_v ad_fw-la terrorem_fw-la which_o do_v but_o little_a good_a i_o think_v the_o turkish_a punishment_n not_o imitable_a by_o those_o who_o profess_v the_o name_n punishment_n inhuman_a punishment_n of_o christ_n such_o as_o be_v roast_v at_o slow_a fire_n flay_v quick_a and_o gaunch_v the_o manner_n of_o this_o last_o be_v to_o throw_v the_o condemn_a person_n from_o the_o top_n of_o a_o tower_n or_o a_o high_a wall_n the_o place_n where_o he_o be_v to_o 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be_v that_o of_o the_o garter_n institute_v by_o edward_n the_o three_o of_o england_n under_o the_o patrociny_n of_o saint_n george_n as_o that_o of_o the_o thistle_n of_o scotland_n be_v under_o saint_n andrew_n john_n of_o valois_n king_n of_o france_n institute_v the_o order_n of_o the_o star_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o saint_n owen_n say_v the_o french_a as_o one_o of_o his_o successor_n lovis_n the_o eleven_o institute_v that_o of_o saint_n michael_n in_o the_o minority_n of_o henry_n the_o six_o of_o england_n when_o the_o war_n be_v hot_a between_o that_o kingdom_n and_o france_n philip_n le_fw-fr bou_fw-fr duke_n of_o burgundy_n institute_v the_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o golden_a fleece_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o saint_n andrew_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n make_v knight_n of_o the_o elephant_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n those_o of_o the_o annunciation_n christina_n queen_n of_o sueden_n institute_v a_o new_a order_n of_o knighthood_n which_o she_o will_v have_v call_v the_o order_n of_o the_o amaranth_n which_o they_o say_v never_o wither_v and_o according_o she_o appoint_v the_o device_n to_o be_v semper_fw-la idem_fw-la the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonick_n or_o dutch_a order_n those_o of_o st._n john_n of_o jerusalem_n call_v afterward_o hospitaller_n knight_n of_o the_o rhodes_n and_o now_o of_o malta_n as_o also_o those_o of_o the_o sepulchre_n or_o knight_n templar_n be_v and_o some_o yet_o be_v very_o martial_a knight_n who_o renown_a action_n be_v and_o ever_o knighthood_n religious_a order_n of_o knighthood_n will_v be_v on_o the_o record_n of_o fame_n but_o there_o be_v likewise_o religious_a order_n for_o they_o vow_v chastity_n poverty_n and_o obedience_n and_o from_o religion_n have_v come_v most_o of_o the_o spanish_a order_n of_o knighthood_n sanctius_n the_o three_o of_o that_o name_n king_n of_o castille_n for_o the_o more_o vigorous_a prosecution_n of_o the_o war_n against_o the_o infidel_n institute_v the_o order_n 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eminent_a chieftain_n of_o the_o reform_a religion_n as_o token_n of_o their_o fraternity_n to_o incite_v they_o to_o constancy_n valour_n and_o perseverance_n in_o the_o cause_n against_o the_o roman_a catholic_n upon_o one_o side_n of_o the_o medal_n be_v these_o word_n assure_a peace_n entire_a victory_n or_o honest_a death_n on_o the_o reverse_n be_v the_o queen_n own_o name_n with_o that_o of_o her_o son_n the_o prince_n of_o bearne_v who_o be_v afterward_o henry_n the_o four_o the_o great_a king_n of_o france_n and_o navarre_n war_n drain_v the_o treasure_n of_o prince_n and_o state_n so_o dry_a that_o for_o most_o part_n they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o pay_v the_o wage_n and_o arrear_n of_o those_o who_o serve_v they_o much_o less_o reward_v they_o the_o roman_a oak_n olive_n and_o laurel_n crown_n be_v out_o of_o fashion_n long_o ago_o nor_o will_v they_o signify_v any_o thing_n but_o rather_o be_v ridiculous_a unless_o they_o be_v give_v with_o all_o the_o wage_n due_a to_o the_o party_n who_o be_v to_o be_v honour_v with_o one_o of_o those_o crown_n as_o the_o roman_n be_v accustom_v to_o do_v i_o have_v observe_v in_o another_o place_n how_o in_o many_o part_n of_o christendom_n officer_n above_o the_o quality_n of_o private_a captain_n many_o time_n be_v reduce_v to_o beggary_n to_o obviate_v which_o since_o prince_n and_o state_n can_v forbear_v war_n or_o will_v not_o live_v in_o peace_n it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a work_n of_o charity_n in_o they_o and_o will_v much_o redound_v to_o their_o honour_n charity_n work_n of_o charity_n and_o fame_n to_o build_v some_o hospital_n and_o endue_v they_o with_o some_o small_a revenue_n in_o which_o those_o commander_n who_o be_v lame_a old_a and_o poor_a may_v get_v a_o morsel_n of_o bread_n which_o will_v be_v a_o exceed_a great_a relief_n to_o those_o distress_a gentleman_n and_o much_o encourage_v young_a people_n to_o engage_v in_o a_o fresh_a war_n for_o alas_o though_o write_v testimony_n sign_v and_o seal_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n may_v be_v of_o good_a use_n to_o young_a and_o lusty_a gallant_n who_o have_v their_o health_n and_o some_o money_n in_o their_o purse_n to_o look_v for_o new_a fortune_n yet_o pass_n though_o never_o so_o favourable_a to_o poor_a old_a man_n be_v upon_o the_o matter_n nothing_o else_o pass_n pass_n but_o fair_a commission_n to_o beg_v chap._n xxviii_o the_o comparison_n make_v by_o justus_n lipsius_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a militia_n examine_v it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o curse_n that_o follow_v adam_n fall_n and_o i_o think_v be_v inherent_a in_o nature_n discontent_n follow_v humane_a nature_n he_o before_o his_o fall_n that_o as_o he_o be_v not_o so_o none_o of_o his_o posterity_n can_v be_v content_a with_o his_o present_a condition_n the_o long_a desire_n we_o have_v to_o enjoy_v that_o we_o want_v rob_v we_o of_o the_o content_a we_o may_v have_v of_o what_o we_o possess_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o old_a man_n cry_v up_o 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yet_o i_o may_v compare_v these_o two_o in_o this_o that_o both_o of_o they_o be_v speculative_a soldier_n lipsius_n be_v so_o far_o disgu_v with_o the_o milice_fw-la of_o his_o own_o time_n which_o true_o be_v about_o eighty_o or_o ninety_o year_n ago_o be_v a_o excellent_a one_o which_o he_o may_v have_v see_v and_o observe_v better_o than_o his_o write_n show_v he_o do_v and_o be_v so_o much_o in_o love_n with_o the_o old_a roman_a militia_n which_o he_o never_o see_v but_o by_o contemplation_n that_o in_o the_o comparison_n he_o make_v of_o the_o two_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n of_o his_o commentary_n on_o polybius_n he_o be_v not_o ashamed_a to_o prefer_v the_o ancient_a art_n of_o war_n to_o the_o modern_a one_o in_o all_o its_o dimension_n as_o i_o conceive_v he_o be_v so_o rational_a as_o to_o think_v no_o man_n will_v deny_v the_o modern_a war_n he_o compare_v
suitable_a to_o so_o many_o gun_n the_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o king_n henry_n view_v this_o mighty_a army_n of_o he_o near_o the_o city_n of_o metz_n where_o he_o say_v it_o be_v draw_v up_o in_o battalion_n but_o he_o forget_v oversight_n a_o great_a oversight_n to_o inform_v we_o here_o of_o two_o very_a considerable_a point_n the_o one_o of_o what_o altitude_n or_o depth_n both_o the_o foot_n and_o horse_n be_v the_o second_o what_o distance_n be_v keep_v or_o order_v to_o be_v keep_v between_o the_o several_a file_n and_o rank_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o how_o great_a the_o interval_n be_v between_o the_o several_a batallion_n and_o body_n as_o well_o of_o the_o cavalry_n as_o the_o infantry_n for_o thereby_o we_o shall_v have_v be_v able_a not_o only_o to_o have_v make_v a_o probable_a conjecture_n but_o determinate_o to_o have_v know_v how_o much_o ground_n the_o whole_a army_n take_v up_o in_o longitude_n but_o there_o be_v other_o who_o be_v guilty_a of_o 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and_o of_o his_o whole_a batallion_n charge_v those_o who_o be_v appoint_v to_o guard_v the_o baggage_n and_o in_o spite_n of_o the_o king_n then_o in_o his_o great_a strength_n carry_v a_o rich_a and_o considerable_a affront_n and_o receive_v a_o affront_n booty_n into_o theonville_n a_o imperial_a garrison_n not_o far_o from_o the_o place_n nor_o be_v this_o affront_n do_v so_o public_o to_o so_o powerful_a a_o army_n at_o all_o revenge_v only_o some_o light_a horse_n be_v send_v before_o the_o town_n to_o vapour_n and_o brave_a the_o imperialist_n who_o fail_v not_o to_o sally_v out_o and_z skirmish_z with_o the_o french_a from_o which_o bicker_a neither_o party_n carry_v away_o any_o thing_n but_o blow_n and_o at_o length_n henry_n great_a preparation_n come_v to_o nothing_o for_o the_o two_o german_a prince_n have_v not_o without_o some_o stain_n to_o their_o honour_n make_v their_o peace_n with_o the_o emperor_n without_o the_o french_a king_n privity_n he_o be_v glad_a to_o return_v and_o defend_v his_o own_o territory_n against_o charles_n who_o be_v horrible_o incense_v against_o he_o for_o offer_v to_o assist_v his_o rebel_n for_o so_o he_o call_v those_o elector_n against_o his_o lawful_a authority_n as_o this_o french_a army_n which_o i_o think_v so_o much_o represent_v the_o phalange_n conclusion_n conclusion_n vanish_v so_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n itself_o on_o which_o aelian_a bestow_v the_o title_n and_o epithet_n of_o invincible_a inexpugnable_a and_o irresistible_a after_o it_o have_v in_o philip_n and_o his_o son_n alexander_n time_n give_v the_o law_n to_o the_o eastern_a world_n and_o after_o their_o death_n have_v be_v keep_v up_o by_o alexander_n successor_n and_o great_a captain_n the_o space_n of_o one_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o year_n yield_v to_o fate_n and_o be_v bring_v to_o nothing_o in_o perseus_n his_o time_n and_o macedon_n itself_o reduce_v to_o a_o province_n by_o the_o roman_n of_o who_o legion_n art_n and_o order_n of_o war_n we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o take_v a_o view_n pallas_n armata_n military_a essay_n on_o the_o ancient_a roman_a art_n of_o war_n book_n ii_o chap._n i._o of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a government_n and_o militia_n in_o general_n the_o hand_n of_o heaven_n which_o cast_v the_o empire_n of_o the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o know_a world_n into_o the_o lap_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v the_o more_o visible_a in_o that_o before_o they_o come_v to_o any_o great_a progress_n of_o conquest_n and_o after_o too_o their_o state_n be_v state_n inward_a disease_n of_o the_o roman_a state_n obnoxious_a to_o those_o difficulty_n which_o may_v have_v render_v it_o not_o only_o incapable_a to_o overcome_v its_o enemy_n but_o subject_a to_o be_v a_o prey_n to_o any_o of_o its_o neighbour_n and_o of_o these_o any_o who_o have_v peruse_v their_o history_n may_v if_o they_o please_v with_o i_o observe_v they_o which_o follow_v first_o their_o frequent_a change_n of_o government_n as_o from_o king_n to_o consulâ—_n first_o first_o then_o to_o consul_n join_v with_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n from_o these_o to_o a_o decemvirate_n from_o that_o to_o military_a tribune_n invest_v with_o consular_a authority_n from_o they_o to_o consul_n again_o from_o these_o to_o a_o triumvirate_n and_o from_o that_o to_o emperor_n second_o the_o almost_o continual_a â—arrs_n and_o debate_n between_o the_o senate_n and_o second_o second_o the_o people_n not_o only_o concern_v the_o â—ex_n 〈…〉_o and_o division_n of_o land_n but_o even_o about_o the_o supreme_a power_n of_o the_o governament_n itself_o in_o which_o the_o commons_o ever_o gain_v ground_n and_o at_o the_o long-run_a obtain_v the_o principal_a point_n and_o mark_n of_o the_o sovereignty_n those_o be_v the_o 〈…〉_o of_o magistrate_n yea_o of_o the_o consul_n make_v and_o repeat_v law_n power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n and_o the_o last_o appeal_n three_o the_o constant_o seditious_a oration_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o tribune_n 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second_o circâ—or_n in_o the_o second_o vigil_n and_o so_o by_o the_o other_o two_o in_o the_o three_o and_o four_o vigil_n hence_o you_o may_v see_v that_o every_o soldier_n of_o the_o quaternion_n have_v a_o tessera_n otherwise_o the_o four_o circitor_n can_v not_o have_v bring_v back_o each_o of_o they_o one_o if_o the_o round_a â—ound_n a_o centinel_n asleep_a he_o do_v not_o demand_v the_o tessera_fw-la from_o he_o nor_o do_v at_o waken_v he_o but_o require_v the_o other_o three_o to_o be_v witness_n of_o the_o misdâ—â—anor_n and_o these_o three_o for_o honour_n sake_n convoy_v the_o circiter_n or_o round_o to_o the_o next_o guard_n why_o the_o three_o man_n who_o be_v awake_v asleep_a a_o centinel_n find_v asleep_a shall_v have_v leave_v their_o post_n to_o be_v kepâ—_n by_o a_o sleep_a man_n only_o to_o compliment_v a_o round_a let_v the_o admirer_n of_o antiquity_n tell_v i_o can_v yet_o i_o believe_v the_o round_n find_v but_o few_o sleep_a for_o they_o have_v fire_n allow_v 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take_v in_o war._n most_o part_n the_o life_n of_o prisoner_n be_v save_v not_o so_o much_o out_o of_o pity_n and_o compassion_n as_o out_o of_o interest_n thereby_o to_o draw_v advantage_n either_o by_o exchange_v they_o for_o other_o who_o have_v fall_v into_o that_o same_o misery_n or_o by_o ransome_v they_o for_o money_n or_o to_o make_v profit_n of_o they_o by_o drudgery_n and_o slavery_n and_o though_o we_o read_v not_o in_o the_o history_n of_o moses_n and_o i_o conceive_v it_o be_v not_o only_o the_o true_a but_o the_o old_a in_o the_o world_n of_o any_o prisoner_n of_o war_n take_v before_o lâ—â—_n be_v take_v by_o amraphel_n and_o chadâ—rlaomer_n yet_o i_o can_v imagine_v but_o nimrod_n and_o his_o successor_n though_o bloody_a enough_o spare_v the_o life_n of_o many_o who_o they_o make_v prisoner_n in_o those_o war_n which_o they_o wage_v against_o their_o neighbour_n for_o i_o suppose_v conquest_n be_v the_o best_a title_n they_o can_v pretend_v to_o â—or_a their_o sovereignty_n witness_v these_o word_n in_o the_o 14_o of_o genesis_n twelve_o year_n they_o serve_v chaderlaoâ—er_o and_o in_o the_o thirteen_o they_o rebel_v sure_o then_o before_o these_o twelve_o year_n they_o be_v free_a people_n and_o that_o which_o make_v they_o vassal_n be_v the_o long_a and_o sharp_a sword_n and_o when_o abraham_n rescue_v lot_n and_o his_o good_n the_o woman_n also_o and_o the_o people_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o he_o take_v some_o prisoner_n of_o chaderlaomer_n his_o party_n which_o he_o have_v beat_v else_o the_o king_n of_o sodom_n have_v not_o say_v to_o he_o give_v i_o the_o person_n and_o take_v the_o good_n to_o thyself_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v that_o which_o all_o or_o most_o nation_n agree_v in_o either_o by_o a_o war._n the_o condition_n of_o prisoner_n of_o war._n mutual_a declare_v or_o yet_o by_o a_o tacit_a assent_v and_o therefore_o we_o may_v true_o say_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n before_o christianity_n shine_v over_o the_o world_n prisoner_n of_o war_n may_v be_v use_v as_o the_o victor_n please_v that_o be_v either_o make_v slave_n or_o put_v to_o death_n in_o this_o discourse_n i_o shall_v only_o speak_v how_o the_o ancient_n use_v their_o prisoner_n and_o of_o their_o parley_n treaty_n and_o article_n before_o the_o promulgation_n of_o the_o gospel_n reserve_v the_o discourse_n of_o christian_a prisoner_n till_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o my_o essay_n of_o the_o modern_a art_n of_o war._n we_o be_v tell_v by_o xenophon_n that_o after_o the_o great_a cyrus_n have_v take_v babylon_n he_o tell_v his_o captain_n that_o it_o be_v a_o perpetual_a law_n through_o the_o whole_a world_n that_o prisoner_n cyrus_n his_o sense_n of_o prisoner_n those_o who_o stand_v out_o in_o arm_n till_o they_o be_v overcome_v may_v be_v dispose_v of_o either_o as_o to_o their_o estate_n and_o good_n or_o their_o life_n and_o person_n at_o the_o victor_n pleasure_n and_o if_o you_o will_v consider_v all_o the_o war_n that_o be_v manage_v either_o before_o or_o after_o his_o time_n you_o will_v find_v he_o speak_v truth_n for_o if_o it_o be_v not_o a_o perpetual_a law_n it_o be_v a_o perpetual_a custom_n to_o do_v all_o that_o he_o say_v this_o speech_n of_o his_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o athenian_a ambassador_n who_o thucydides_n introduce_v tell_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o melus_n who_o they_o have_v besiege_v both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n that_o nature_n herself_o have_v put_v a_o necessity_n on_o all_o conqueror_n and_o victor_n in_o war_n to_o have_v the_o absolute_a dominion_n and_o power_n over_o those_o who_o be_v vanquish_v athenians_n the_o athenians_n to_o be_v dispose_v of_o as_o the_o victor_n please_v which_o law_n say_v they_o we_o do_v not_o make_v nor_o be_v we_o
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affront_v either_o by_o gesture_n word_n or_o action_n but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o command_n be_v not_o diametrical_o contrary_a and_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o prince_n his_o service_n but_o indeed_o such_o command_n will_v be_v so_o clear_a that_o they_o need_v no_o canvas_n otherwise_o any_o disobedience_n open_v a_o door_n to_o resistance_n that_o usher_v in_o sedition_n which_o often_o be_v support_v by_o open_a rebellion_n to_o clear_v which_o suppose_v what_o frequent_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o governor_n of_o a_o well_o fortify_v and_o a_o well_o provide_v place_n offer_v to_o deliver_v lawful_a disobedience_n to_o unlawful_a command_n lawful_a it_o up_o to_o a_o enemy_n without_o opposition_n those_o under_o he_o may_v resist_v so_o unjust_a and_o so_o base_a a_o command_n and_o they_o not_o only_o may_v but_o aught_o to_o resist_v he_o for_o the_o disobedience_n in_o such_o a_o case_n of_o the_o subaltern_a officer_n and_o soldier_n be_v a_o piece_n of_o excellent_a service_n do_v to_o their_o master_n and_o if_o they_o do_v it_o not_o they_o be_v liable_a to_o those_o law_n of_o war_n which_o for_o give_v over_o a_o fort_n in_o that_o fashion_n sentence_n the_o governor_n to_o a_o ignominious_a death_n the_o inferior_a commander_n to_o be_v shameful_o cashier_v and_o the_o common_a soldier_n to_o be_v disarm_v and_o make_v serve_v as_o pioner_n to_o the_o army_n which_o be_v act_n of_o great_a injustice_n if_o inferior_n be_v bind_v to_o give_v a_o blind_a obedience_n to_o all_o the_o command_v of_o their_o superior_n whatever_o they_o be_v without_o exception_n and_o such_o a_o case_n it_o be_v when_o a_o officer_n command_v those_o under_o he_o to_o desert_n their_o post_n whether_o that_o be_v in_o town_n camp_n leaguer_n or_o field_n and_o go_v over_o with_o he_o to_o the_o enemy_n if_o they_o do_v so_o and_o be_v ever_o retake_v he_o be_v punish_v for_o his_o treachery_n and_o they_o for_o their_o obedience_n to_o so_o illegal_a a_o command_n four_o article_n of_o war_n be_v make_v for_o due_a and_o strict_a keep_n of_o guard_n watch_n for_o keep_v strict_a guard_n and_o watch_n and_o watch_n and_o here_o as_o in_o many_o other_o point_n observe_v the_o severity_n of_o military_a law_n for_o he_o who_o after_o tap-too_a discharge_v any_o hand_n gun_n be_v it_o pistol_n musket_n fusee_fw-fr or_o carrabine_n unless_o against_o a_o enemy_n or_o he_o who_o sleep_v on_o his_o centinel_n or_o desert_n it_o or_o he_o who_o be_v drink_v on_o his_o watch_n be_v all_o to_o die_v these_o be_v crime_n which_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o most_o nation_n do_v not_o punish_v with_o death_n yet_o in_o the_o law_n of_o war_n this_o severity_n be_v think_v no_o more_o than_o necessary_a five_o law_n be_v make_v against_o those_o who_o stay_v behind_o or_o straggle_v in_o ordinary_a straggler_n against_o straggler_n or_o extraordinary_a march_n six_o against_o fugitive_n and_o runnaway_n either_o such_o as_o leave_v their_o colour_n runnaway_n against_o runnaway_n when_o they_o be_v in_o garrison_n or_o quarter_n and_o desert_n the_o service_n under_o any_o pretence_n without_o a_o pass_n or_o such_o as_o run_v away_o from_o their_o colour_n or_o their_o officer_n in_o the_o field_n in_o time_n of_o skirmish_n or_o battle_n or_o such_o who_o in_o storm_n and_o assault_n desert_n their_o post_n till_o either_o they_o be_v wound_v or_o have_v make_v use_n of_o their_o sword_n all_o these_o be_v liable_a to_o death_n and_o those_o who_o wound_n or_o kill_v any_o of_o they_o in_o their_o flight_n in_o their_o go_n or_o run_v away_o be_v not_o to_o be_v accountable_a for_o it_o seven_o against_o those_o who_o make_v any_o treaty_n or_o agreement_n in_o the_o field_n enemy_n against_o treaty_n with_o a_o enemy_n with_o a_o enemy_n without_o the_o command_n or_o consent_v of_o he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a and_o here_o again_o observe_v another_o case_n wherein_o inferior_n be_v to_o refuse_v obedience_n the_o military_a law_n condemn_v a_o colonel_n for_o such_o a_o treaty_n and_o every_o ten_o soldier_n of_o his_o regiment_n to_o die_v with_o he_o for_o give_v obedience_n to_o so_o unjust_a a_o command_n eight_o against_o those_o who_o surrender_v fortify_v place_n unless_o extreme_a necessity_n crime_n against_o needless_a surrender_n of_o fort_n and_o several_a other_o crime_n require_v it_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v speak_v in_o a_o more_o proper_a place_n nine_o against_o those_o who_o mutiny_n burn_v house_n without_o the_o general_n command_n commit_v robbery_n murder_n theft_n or_o violence_n to_o those_o who_o have_v the_o general_n safeguard_n and_o against_o those_o who_o keep_v private_a correspondence_n unless_o order_v to_o do_v it_o by_o the_o general_n all_o these_o crime_n by_o most_o military_a law_n be_v punish_v with_o death_n ten_o against_o private_a combat_n or_o duel_n the_o combatant_n and_o duel_n against_o duel_n their_o second_o be_v to_o die_v and_o if_o superior_a officer_n know_v of_o the_o combat_n and_o do_v not_o hinder_v it_o they_o be_v to_o be_v cashier_v with_o ignominy_n a_o necessary_a law_n enough_o yet_o seldom_o put_v in_o execution_n eleven_o against_o those_o who_o sell_v play_v or_o pawn_v or_o change_v their_o arm_n arms._n against_o seller_n or_o pawner_n of_o arms._n either_o defensive_a or_o offensive_a whether_o he_o be_v a_o horseman_n or_o a_o foot-soldier_n he_o who_o do_v any_o of_o these_o be_v not_o only_o punishable_a but_o likewise_o he_o who_o buy_v win_v or_o take_v they_o in_o pawn_n twelve_o against_o false_a muster_n whether_o it_o be_v of_o man_n horse_n arm_n muster_n against_o false_a muster_n saddle_n or_o other_o furniture_n by_o these_o article_n not_o only_o those_o who_o make_v the_o false_a muster_n but_o all_o those_o who_o help_v to_o make_v it_o be_v punishable_a thirteen_o against_o those_o who_o detain_v the_o pay_n of_o either_o horseman_n or_o pay_n against_o those_o who_o detain_v the_o prince_n pay_n foot-soldier_n any_o officer_n guilty_a of_o this_o deserve_v to_o die_v neither_o if_o a_o officer_n have_v lend_v money_n to_o a_o soldier_n may_v he_o pay_v himself_o or_o retain_v in_o his_o hand_n what_o he_o please_v but_o must_v give_v he_o as_o much_o of_o his_o pay_n as_o can_v entertain_v he_o to_o do_v his_o master_n service_n fourteen_o against_o those_o officer_n whatsoever_o they_o be_v except_o the_o general_n pass_n against_o those_o who_o give_v pass_n who_o give_v pass_n the_o swedish_n article_n order_n a_o colonel_n who_o presume_v to_o give_v a_o pass_n to_o lose_v his_o life_n and_o to_o lose_v his_o charge_n if_o he_o permit_v any_o under_o his_o command_n to_o go_v home_o without_o the_o feltmarshals_a knowledge_n other_o abominable_a crime_n such_o as_o adultery_n incest_n sodomy_n beastiality_n crime_n great_a crime_n parricide_n be_v examine_v try_a and_o punish_v according_a to_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o be_v master_n of_o the_o army_n and_o many_o small_a fault_n smaller_n fault_n fault_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o cognizance_n discretion_n and_o arbitrement_n of_o a_o court_n of_o war._n a_o council_n of_o war_n and_o a_o court_n of_o war_n be_v common_o by_o ordinary_a war._n a_o council_n of_o war._n soldier_n confound_v as_o if_o they_o be_v one_o thing_n whereas_o they_o be_v very_o different_a the_o first_o be_v compose_v of_o those_o person_n who_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n call_v to_o consult_v with_o concern_v the_o manage_n the_o war_n and_o these_o be_v indeed_o but_o counsellor_n and_o have_v in_o most_o army_n their_o precedent_n who_o be_v nominate_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n they_o do_v but_o advise_v for_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o captain-general_n have_v a_o negative_a voice_n and_o retain_v a_o power_n to_o themselves_o to_o do_v what_o they_o please_v a_o court_n of_o war_n consist_v of_o
those_o who_o have_v article_n the_o first_o class_n we_o may_v sub-divide_a into_o those_o who_o have_v quarter_n verbal_o promise_v they_o and_o those_o who_o submit_v to_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o victor_n of_o all_o these_o and_o each_o of_o these_o i_o shall_v say_v one_o word_n in_o general_a that_o though_o quarter_v be_v promise_v by_o inferior_a officer_n or_o soldier_n or_o that_o the_o vanquish_a hope_v for_o mercy_n yield_v without_o any_o such_o promise_n he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a provide_v he_o be_v on_o the_o place_n may_v put_v all_o those_o prisoner_n to_o the_o sword_n for_o quarter_n give_v by_o the_o inferior_a signify_v nothing_o till_o it_o be_v confirm_v by_o he_o who_o command_v on_o the_o place_n and_o then_o the_o prisoner_n have_v quarter_n that_o chief_a commander_n may_v order_v they_o all_o to_o be_v kill_v without_o any_o imputation_n of_o breach_n of_o faith_n or_o justice_n as_o not_o be_v tie_v by_o any_o promise_n his_o inferior_a have_v make_v and_o this_o he_o may_v do_v by_o the_o law_n of_o war_n and_o that_o be_v ground_v on_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o nation_n and_o if_o you_o will_v believe_v cyrus_n and_o the_o ahtenians_n it_o be_v ground_v on_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n by_o which_o prisoner_n of_o war_n may_v be_v use_v as_o the_o victor_n please_v and_o grotius_n say_v in_o captivos_fw-la quicquam_fw-la impune_fw-la fieri_fw-la and_o captivi_fw-la jure_fw-la belli_n occidi_fw-la possunt_fw-la war._n what_o a_o general_n may_v do_v with_o prisoner_n of_o war._n suppose_v still_o that_o no_o quarter_n have_v be_v promise_v by_o he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a on_o the_o place_n but_o though_o i_o say_v a_o general_n may_v do_v this_o by_o the_o law_n of_o war_n yet_o he_o can_v do_v it_o without_o the_o imputation_n of_o horrible_a cruelty_n and_o inhumanity_n except_o in_o some_o case_n and_o though_o jure_fw-la belli_n they_o may_v be_v kill_v yet_o without_o invincible_a reason_n to_o kill_v man_n 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