crouch_n from_o calais_n in_o france_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n prithee_o hear_v i_o this_o two-and-twenty-oar-barge_n do_v it_o belong_v to_o any_o other_o ship_n r._n crouch_n no_o not_o that_o i_o can_v tell_v l._n c._n j._n holt._n do_v he_o call_v that_o vessel_n the_o loyal_a clancarty_n r._n crouch_n yes_o my_o lord_n then_o edmund_n courtney_n be_v call_v mr._n sol._n gen._n mr._n courtney_n pray_v tell_v my_o lord_n and_o the_o jury_n what_o you_o know_v of_o the_o go_v away_o of_o a_o customhouse_n boat_n ed._n courtney_n i_o will_v tell_v you_o if_o you_o please_v mr._n phipps_n my_o lord_n i_o think_v they_o ought_v not_o to_o examine_v to_o that_o because_o it_o be_v not_o lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n the_o carry_v away_o of_o the_o customhouse_n barge_n be_v not_o mention_v in_o the_o indictment_n and_o by_o the_o new_a act_n for_o regulate_a trial_n in_o case_n of_o treason_n no_o evidence_n be_v to_o be_v admit_v or_o give_v of_o any_o overt-act_n that_o be_v not_o express_o lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n nothing_o else_o suppose_v a_o man_n be_v indict_v for_o levy_v war_n against_o the_o king_n or_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n can_v they_o prove_v any_o act_n that_o make_v out_o a_o levy_v of_o war_n or_o a_o adherence_n to_o the_o king_n enemy_n mr._n phipps_n with_o submission_n not_o by_o that_o act_n my_o lord_n unless_o it_o be_v lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n levy_v of_o war_n be_v the_o treason_n may_v they_o not_o prove_v that_o levy_v of_o war_n without_o be_v confine_v to_o any_o special_a or_o particular_a act_n mr._n phipps_n with_o submission_n by_o the_o 25_o of_o edw._n the_o 3_o d._n levy_v of_o war_n as_o well_o as_o imagine_v the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n must_v have_v the_o overt_a act_n that_o be_v to_o prove_v it_o express_v in_o the_o indictment_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n levy_v of_o war_n be_v a_o overt-act_n mr._n sol._n gen._n the_o business_n of_o overtact_n be_v where_o the_o compass_v and_o imagine_v the_o king_n death_n be_v the_o crime_n and_o question_n and_o this_o must_v be_v discover_v by_o overtact_n but_o if_o the_o treason_n be_v falsify_v of_o the_o king_n money_n this_o be_v treason_n but_o there_o can_v be_v no_o overt-act_n of_o that_o for_o that_o be_v a_o overt-act_n itself_o but_o there_o must_v be_v a_o overt-act_n to_o prove_v the_o compass_v and_o imagine_v the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n and_o in_o no_o other_o sort_n of_o treason_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n levy_v of_o war_n that_o be_v a_o overt-act_n so_o be_v adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n now_o compass_v and_o imagine_v the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n be_v not_o a_o overt-act_n in_o itself_o but_o be_v a_o secret_a imagination_n in_o the_o mind_n and_o a_o purpose_n in_o the_o heart_n but_o there_o must_v be_v external_a act_n to_o discover_v that_o imagination_n and_o purpose_n mr._n phipps_n what_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o new_a act_n then_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o evidence_n of_o any_o overt-act_n but_o what_o be_v lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n what_o overtact_n be_v there_o in_o clip_v and_o coin_v mr._n phipps_n that_o be_v not_o within_o the_o new_a act_n of_o parliament_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n that_o be_v most_o true_a the_o one_o be_v except_v the_o other_o be_v not_o comprehend_v but_o the_o question_n be_v upon_o the_o statute_n of_o 25._o edw._n 3_o d._n to_o which_o the_o late_a act_n do_v refer_v now_o prove_v the_o adherence_n to_o the_o king_n enemy_n be_v prove_v a_o overt-act_n suppose_v it_o be_v the_o kill_n of_o the_o chancellor_n or_o treasurer_n or_o judge_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o his_o office_n what_o overtact_n will_v you_o have_v then_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n be_v a_o treason_n that_o consist_v in_o do_v a_o overt-act_n mr._n phipps_n yes_o my_o lord_n i_o take_v it_o that_o it_o be_v for_o the_o new_a act_n by_o say_v that_o no_o evidence_n shall_v be_v admit_v of_o any_o overt-act_n that_o be_v not_o express_o lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n must_v be_v intend_v of_o such_o treason_n of_o which_o by_o law_n overtact_n ought_v to_o be_v lay_v now_o the_o kill_v the_o chancellor_n or_o treasurer_n or_o judge_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o his_o office_n be_v not_o such_o treason_n of_o which_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o lay_v any_o overtact_n in_o the_o indictment_n and_o so_o not_o within_o the_o meaning_n of_o this_o new_a law_n but_o levy_v war_n and_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n which_o be_v the_o treason_n in_o this_o indictment_n must_v by_o the_o express_a purview_n of_o the_o 25_o the_o of_o edw._n 3._o be_v prove_v by_o overtact_n which_o be_v to_o be_v allege_v in_o the_o indictment_n mr._n sol._n gen._n the_o new_a act_n do_v not_o alter_v the_o law_n in_o this_o particular_a what_o be_v law_n before_o be_v law_n now_o it_o leave_v the_o overtact_n as_o they_o be_v before_o and_o it_o say_v not_o that_o a_o overt-act_n need_v to_o be_v express_v where_o it_o be_v not_o needful_a before_o now_o if_o a_o man_n be_v indict_v for_o compass_v the_o death_n of_o a_o private_a person_n there_o ought_v to_o be_v some_o overt-act_n to_o prove_v his_o design_n but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o indictment_n for_o murder_n there_o need_v no_o other_o overt-act_n to_o prove_v it_o but_o the_o murder_n itself_o l._n c._n j._n holt._n but_o the_o force_n of_o the_o objection_n lie_v in_o this_o viz._n to_o say_v a_o man_n levy_v war_n or_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n be_v no_o good_a indictment_n but_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o allege_v in_o what_o manner_n he_o levy_v war_n or_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n as_o that_o he_o appear_v in_o such_o a_o warlike_a manner_n or_o do_v adhere_v to_o and_o assist_v the_o king_n enemy_n by_o join_v force_n with_o they_o or_o otherwise_o assist_v they_o or_o confederate_v with_o they_o that_o must_v be_v specify_v but_o if_o you_o indict_v a_o man_n general_o for_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n and_o not_o say_v how_o and_o in_o what_o manner_n he_o do_v adhere_v to_o they_o that_o be_v not_o a_o good_a indictment_n therefore_o if_o you_o particularize_v what_o enemy_n and_o how_o and_o in_o what_o manner_n he_o adhere_v to_o they_o no_o evidence_n can_v be_v give_v of_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o adherence_n but_o that_o which_o be_v so_o specify_v in_o the_o indictment_n mr._n sol._n gen._n then_o we_o must_v put_v all_o our_o evidence_n into_o the_o indictment_n mr._n phipps_n so_o you_o must_v as_o to_o the_o overtact_n mr._n sol._n gen._n that_o will_v be_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o to_o put_v in_o all_o our_o evidence_n if_o we_o must_v give_v evidence_n of_o no_o overt-act_n but_o what_o be_v express_v in_o the_o indictment_n but_o i_o do_v not_o take_v it_o that_o the_o act_n require_v all_o overtact_n to_o be_v put_v in_o the_o indictment_n mr._n phipps_n the_o act_n say_v so_o suppose_v you_o have_v leave_v out_o the_o overt-act_n will_v the_o indictment_n have_v be_v good_a mr._n sol._n gen._n we_o do_v not_o intend_v to_o put_v in_o all_o the_o over-act_n but_o only_o what_o relate_v to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o treason_n mr._n phipps_n the_o treason_n must_v be_v prove_v by_o overtact_n and_o the_o overtact_n that_o prove_v the_o treason_n must_v be_v mention_v in_o the_o indictment_n mr._n sol._n gen._n what_o the_o overtact_n of_o the_o treason_n beforementioned_a as_o counterfeit_v the_o king_n money_n and_o the_o like_a be_v all_o to_o be_v mention_v l._n c._n j._n holt._n consider_v if_o you_o can_v make_v that_o a_o good_a indictment_n to_o say_v that_o the_o prisoner_n adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n without_o mention_v any_o overtact_n to_o manifest_v such_o a_o adherence_n than_o your_o answer_n to_o mr._n phipps_n be_v full_a but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o a_o good_a indictment_n without_o allege_v particular_a act_n of_o adherence_n than_o it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o if_o particular_n be_v allege_v and_o you_o do_v not_o prove_v they_o as_o be_v allege_v you_o have_v fail_v in_o the_o indictment_n and_o so_o his_o objection_n will_v lie_v hard_a upon_o you_o mr._n sol._n gen._n my_o lord_n we_o frame_v our_o indictment_n according_a to_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o statute_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n in_o compass_v the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n you_o must_v show_v how_o that_o be_v manifest_v by_o the_o overtact_n mr._n sol._n gen._n but_o compass_v and_o imagine_v must_v be_v discover_v by_o some_o overtact_n l._n c._n j._n treby_n this_o be_v a_o doubt_n i_o have_v often_o think_v of_o i_o think_v it_o most_o natural_a that_o the_o word_n overt-act_n shall_v relate_v to_o
the_o first_o article_n viz._n compass_v and_o imagine_v of_o the_o king_n death_n for_o overt-act_n seem_v to_o be_v oppose_v to_o something_o of_o a_o contrary_a nature_n act_n be_v oppose_v proper_o to_o thought_n overt_a be_v proper_o oppose_v to_o secret_a and_o that_o sort_n of_o treason_n consist_v in_o secret_a thought_n and_o internal_a purpose_n can_v be_v know_v try_v and_o judge_v of_o without_o be_v disclose_v and_o manifest_v by_o some_o external_a open_a act_n wherefore_o it_o be_v pertinent_a and_o reasonable_a in_o order_n to_o attaint_v a_o man_n of_o such_o treason_n that_o the_o indictment_n shall_v charge_v and_o set_v forth_o the_o act_n as_o well_o as_o the_o thought_n and_o so_o it_o have_v be_v use_v to_o be_v do_v but_o such_o order_n or_o manner_n do_v not_o seem_v so_o natural_a or_o necessary_a in_o frame_v indictment_n for_o other_o treason_n where_o the_o treason_n consist_v in_o visible_a or_o discernible_a fact_n as_o levy_v war_n etc._n etc._n nevertheless_o i_o think_v a_o overt-act_n ought_v to_o be_v allege_v in_o a_o indictment_n of_o treason_n for_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n give_v they_o aid_n and_o comfort_n and_o the_o overt-act_n or_o act_n in_o this_o case_n aught_o to_o be_v the_o particular_a action_n mean_n or_o manner_n by_o which_o the_o aid_n and_o comfort_n be_v give_v my_o lord_n cook_n declare_v his_o opinion_n to_o this_o purpose_n his_o word_n which_o i_o read_v out_o of_o his_o book_n here_o be_v these_o the_o composition_n and_o connection_n of_o the_o word_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v viz._n thereof_o be_v attaint_v by_o overt_a deed_n this_n say_v he_o relate_v to_o the_o several_a and_o distinct_a treason_n before_o express_v and_o especial_o to_o the_o compass_n and_o imagination_n of_o the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n etc._n etc._n for_o that_o it_o be_v secret_a in_o the_o heart_n etc._n etc._n now_o the_o article_n of_o treason_n before_o express_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o 25._o e._n 3._o be_v four_o 1._o compass_v etc._n etc._n 2._o violate_v the_o queen_n etc._n etc._n 3._o levy_v war_n and_o 4._o this_o of_o adhere_v etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o it_o be_v hardly_o possible_a to_o set_v forth_o any_o overt_a act_n concern_v the_o 2_o d._n otherwise_o than_o in_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n that_o article_n express_v so_o particular_a a_o fact_n i_o do_v observe_v also_o that_o these_o word_n be_v thereof_o attaint_v by_o overt_a fact_n do_v in_o this_o statute_n immediate_o follow_v this_o article_n of_o adhere_v etc._n etc._n and_o it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a violence_n to_o construe_v they_o to_o refer_v to_o the_o first_o article_n only_o and_o not_o to_o this_o last_o to_o which_o they_o be_v thus_o connect_v if_o they_o be_v to_o be_v restrain_v to_o a_o single_a article_n it_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o construe_v to_o refer_v they_o to_o this_o of_o adhere_v only_o l._n c._n j._n holt._n that_o which_o i_o insist_v on_o be_v this_o whether_o the_o indictment_n will_v be_v good_a without_o express_v the_o special_a overt-act_n if_o it_o be_v than_o this_o be_v a_o surplusage_n and_o we_o be_v not_o confine_v to_o it_o but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o a_o good_a indictment_n without_o express_v it_o than_o we_o be_v confine_v to_o it_o mr._n phipps_n i_o believe_v mr._n solicitor_n never_o see_v a_o indictment_n of_o this_o kind_n without_o a_o overt-act_n lay_v in_o it_o l._n c._n j._n holt._n can_v you_o prove_v the_o fact_n lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n for_o certain_o the_o indictment_n without_o mention_v particular_a act_n of_o adherance_n will_v not_o be_v good_a mr._n cowper_n yes_o my_o lord_n and_o as_o to_o the_o evidence_n before_o you_o we_o will_v only_o offer_v this_o whether_o in_o this_o case_n if_o the_o indictment_n be_v lay_v general_o for_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n in_o one_o place_n and_o in_o another_o place_n levy_v of_o war_n and_o nothing_o more_o particular_a it_o will_v be_v good_a i_o doubt_v it_o will_v not_o but_o when_o there_o be_v lay_v a_o particular_a act_n of_o adhere_v we_o may_v give_v in_o evidence_n matter_n to_o strengthen_v the_o direct_a proof_n of_o that_o particular_a act_n of_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n though_o that_o matter_n be_v not_o special_o lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n for_o the_o act_n go_v only_o to_o this_o that_o the_o prisoner_n shall_v not_o be_v convict_v unless_o you_o prove_v against_o he_o the_o over-act_n special_o lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n but_o whether_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v hear_v to_o make_v the_o other_o overt-act_n which_o be_v lay_v the_o more_o probable_a now_o we_o have_v lay_v a_o special_a overt-act_n in_o the_o indictment_n and_o we_o have_v produce_v evidence_n of_o it_o and_o we_o will_v produce_v likewise_o collateral_a evidence_n to_o induce_v a_o firm_a belief_n of_o that_o special_a overt-act_n by_o show_v you_o that_o he_o have_v make_v it_o his_o practice_n during_o the_o war_n to_o aid_v and_o assist_v the_o king_n enemy_n but_o if_o the_o jury_n do_v not_o find_v he_o guilty_a of_o the_o special_a overtact_n lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n they_o can_v find_v he_o guilty_a by_o the_o proof_n of_o any_o other_o overt-act_n not_o lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n but_o if_o we_o prove_v he_o have_v make_v this_o his_o practice_n in_o other_o instance_n during_o the_o war_n whether_o that_o proof_n shall_v not_o be_v receive_v mr._n phipps_n my_o lord_n i_o desire_v the_o act_n may_v be_v read_v it_o express_o contradict_v what_o mr._n cowper_n say_v for_o it_o say_v that_o no_o evidence_n shall_v be_v give_v of_o any_o overt-act_n that_o be_v not_o express_o lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n the_o act_n be_v read_v l._n c._n j._n holt._n that_o be_v you_o may_v give_v evidence_n of_o a_o overt-act_n that_o be_v not_o in_o the_o indictment_n if_o it_o conduce_v to_o prove_v one_o that_o be_v in_o it_o as_o consult_v to_o kill_v the_o king_n or_o raise_v a_o rebellion_n be_v lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n you_o may_v give_v in_o evidence_n a_o act_n in_o pursuance_n of_o a_o consult_v that_o be_v a_o evidence_n that_o they_o agree_v to_o do_v it_o though_o that_o do_v of_o the_o thing_n be_v of_o itself_o another_o overt-act_n but_o it_o tend_v to_o prove_v the_o act_n lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n mr._n phipps_n the_o overt-act_n lay_v in_o this_o indictment_n be_v his_o cruise_n in_o the_o clancarty_n and_o this_o overt-act_n you_o will_v prove_v be_v no_o evidence_n of_o that_o nor_o relate_v to_o it_o but_o it_o be_v a_o distinct_a overt-act_n of_o itself_o l._n c._n j._n holt._n you_o can_v give_v evidence_n of_o a_o distinct_a act_n that_o have_v no_o relation_n to_o the_o overt-act_n mention_v in_o the_o indictment_n though_o it_o shall_v conduce_v to_o prove_v the_o same_o species_n of_o treason_n mr._n cowper_n we_o will_v apply_v this_o proof_n to_o the_o overt-act_n lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n any_o thing_n that_o have_v a_o direct_a tendency_n to_o it_o you_o may_v prove_v mr._n cowper_n we_o have_v lay_v the_o overt-act_n that_o he_o do_v voluntary_o put_v himself_o on_o board_n this_o vessel_n of_o the_o french_a king_n the_o loyal_a clancarty_n and_o do_v go_v to_o sea_n in_o she_o and_o cruise_n with_o a_o design_n to_o take_v the_o ship_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o his_o subject_n now_o part_n of_o the_o overt-act_n be_v his_o intention_n in_o the_o act_n of_o cruise_v we_o do_v not_o charge_v he_o with_o take_v one_o ship_n so_o that_o his_o intention_n be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o overt-act_n and_o it_o must_v be_v prove_v to_o make_v his_o cruise_a criminal_a that_o he_o design_v to_o take_v the_o ship_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n now_o we_o think_v it_o a_o proper_a proof_n of_o his_o intention_n to_o show_v that_o during_o this_o war_n before_o and_o after_o the_o time_n of_o the_o treason_n lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n he_o be_v a_o cruiser_n upon_o and_o taker_n of_o the_o king_n ship_n and_o this_o fortify_v the_o direct_a proof_n give_v of_o his_o intention_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n i_o can_v agree_v to_o that_o because_o you_o go_v not_o about_o to_o prove_v what_o he_o do_v in_o the_o vessel_n call_v the_o loyal_a clancarty_n but_o that_o he_o have_v a_o intention_n to_o commit_v depredation_n on_o the_o king_n subject_n so_o he_o may_v but_o in_o another_o ship_n now_o because_o a_o man_n have_v a_o design_n to_o commit_v depredation_n on_o the_o king_n subject_n in_o one_o ship_n do_v that_o prove_v he_o have_v a_o intention_n to_o do_v it_o in_o another_o mr._n phipps_n he_o be_v cruise_v in_o the_o clancarty_n that_o be_v the_o overt-act_n lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n and_o the_o overt-act_n you_o
to_o the_o king_n enemy_n but_o say_v not_o against_o the_o king_n now_o every_o body_n know_v that_o the_o french_a king_n be_v in_o war_n not_o only_o with_o england_n but_o holland_n and_o spain_n and_o the_o emperor_n but_o if_o a_o man_n join_v with_o the_o french_a against_o any_o of_o they_o he_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n and_o yet_o it_o can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v against_o the_o king_n therefore_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v lay_v it_o that_o he_o do_v adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n contra_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la it_o must_v be_v aid_v and_o comfort_v they_o against_o the_o king_n that_o make_v the_o treason_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n it_o do_v say_v so_o mr._n phipps_n no_o my_o lord_n it_o only_o say_v that_o captain_n vaughan_n do_v adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n and_o do_v not_o say_v it_o be_v against_o the_o king_n and_o if_o that_o be_v treason_n be_v what_o we_o desire_v to_o know_v l._n c._n j._n holt._n if_o he_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n it_o must_v be_v against_o the_o king_n though_o he_o assist_v they_o only_o against_o the_o king_n ally_n for_o thereby_o the_o king_n enemy_n may_v be_v more_o encourage_v and_o enable_v to_o do_v mischief_n or_o damage_n to_o the_o king_n suppose_v you_o assist_v the_o french_a king_n against_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n that_o be_v now_o in_o alliance_n and_o league_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o the_o french_a in_o actual_a enmity_n that_o be_v to_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n against_o the_o king_n mr._n phipps_n will_v that_o be_v treason_n my_o lord_n l._n c._n j._n holt_n yes_o certain_o though_o that_o be_v not_o a_o point_n in_o this_o case_n and_o so_o not_o necessary_a to_o be_v determine_v now_o for_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o 25_o of_o e._n 3_o define_v treason_n in_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n and_o express_v the_o overt-act_n in_o give_v they_o aid_n or_o comfort_n it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o allege_v the_o treason_n in_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n a_o overt-act_n allege_v show_v it_o to_o be_v against_o the_o king_n and_o in_o pursuance_n of_o that_o adherence_n he_o do_v so_o and_o so_o he_o be_v a_o captain_n and_o soldier_n in_o the_o ship_n do_v join_v with_o the_o king_n enemy_n etc._n etc._n with_o a_o design_n to_o destroy_v the_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n ship_n sure_o that_o be_v most_o manifest_a a_o adherence_n to_o the_o king_n enemy_n against_o the_o king_n mr._n phipps_n the_o overt-act_n if_o it_o be_v allege_v sufficient_o will_v not_o help_v it_o for_o if_o there_o can_v be_v a_o adhere_n to_o the_o king_n enemy_n that_o be_v not_o treason_n they_o ought_v to_o allege_v such_o adhere_n as_o be_v treason_n and_o if_o the_o treason_n itself_o be_v not_o well_o allege_v the_o overt-act_n will_v not_o help_v it_o l._n c._n j._n holt._n there_o be_v a_o overt-act_n to_o show_v it_o to_o be_v against_o the_o king_n it_o be_v say_v all_o along_o he_o be_v in_o this_o vessel_n clancarty_n cum_fw-la diversis_fw-la subditis_fw-la mr._n phipps_n but_o then_o that_o overt-act_n be_v not_o well_o allege_v for_o it_o be_v say_v only_o he_o go_v a_o cruize_v whereas_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v allege_v that_o he_o do_v commit_v some_o act_n of_o hostility_n and_o attempt_v to_o take_v some_o of_o the_o king_n ship_n for_o cruize_v alone_o can_v be_v a_o overt-act_n for_o he_o may_v be_v cruize_v to_o secure_v the_o french_a merchant_n ship_n from_o be_v take_v or_o for_o many_o other_o purpose_n which_o will_v not_o be_v a_o overact_n of_o treason_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n suppose_v the_o french_a king_n with_o forces_z shall_v come_v to_o dunkirk_n with_o a_o design_n to_o invade_v england_n if_o any_o one_o shall_v send_v he_o victual_n or_o give_v he_o intelligence_n or_o by_o any_o other_o way_n contribute_v to_o their_o assistance_n it_o will_v be_v high-treason_n in_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n mr._n phipps_n if_o the_o french_a king_n have_v design_v a_o invasion_n upon_o england_n and_o captain_n vaughan_n have_v assist_v in_o his_o vessel_n in_o forward_v the_o invasion_n it_o will_v have_v be_v treason_n but_o here_o be_v nothing_o mention_v but_o cruize_v l._n c._n j._n holt._n cruize_v about_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n with_o a_o design_n to_o destroy_v the_o king_n ship_n mr._n phipps_n that_o design_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v appear_v by_o some_o act_n of_o hostility_n for_o in_o the_o case_n of_o burton_n and_o bradshaw_n and_o other_o which_o my_o lord_n coke_n cite_v the_o agree_v to_o rise_v and_o pull_v down_o enclosure_n and_o meeting_n and_o provide_v arm_n for_o that_o purpose_n be_v agree_v not_o to_o be_v levy_v of_o war_n and_o they_o be_v indict_v for_o conspire_v to_o levy_v war_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o queen_n eliz._n and_o in_o this_o case_n here_o be_v only_o a_o conspire_v and_o nothing_o attempt_v it_o can_v be_v no_o more_o treason_n than_o it_o be_v in_o that_o case_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n when_o man_n form_v themselves_o into_o a_o body_n and_o march_v rank_a and_o file_n with_o weapon_n offensive_a and_o defensive_a this_o be_v levy_v of_o war_n with_o open_a force_n if_o the_o design_n be_v public_a do_v you_o think_v when_o a_o ship_n be_v arm_v with_o gun_n etc._n etc._n do_v appear_v on_o the_o coast_n watch_v a_o opportunity_n to_o burn_v the_o king_n ship_n in_o the_o harbour_n and_o their_o design_n be_v know_v and_o one_o go_v to_o they_o and_o aid_n and_o assist_v they_o that_o this_o be_v not_o a_o adhere_n to_o the_o king_n enemy_n here_o be_v two_o indictment_n one_o for_o levy_v war_n and_o the_o other_o for_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n but_o the_o adhere_n to_o the_o king_n enemy_n be_v prinncipal_o insist_v on_o and_o there_o must_v be_v a_o actual_a war_n prove_v upon_o the_o person_n indict_v in_o the_o one_o yet_o need_v not_o be_v prove_v in_o the_o other_o case_n mr._n phipps_n the_o same_o certain_o be_v necessary_a in_o one_o as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o for_o bare_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n be_v not_o treason_n but_o there_o must_v be_v a_o actual_a aid_v and_o comfort_v they_o and_o a_o mere_a intention_n to_o assist_v the_o king_n enemy_n be_v not_o a_o adherence_n within_o the_o statute_n of_o 25_o ed._n 3._o l._n c._n j._n holt._n if_o there_o be_v not_o high-treason_n in_o the_o act_n allege_v that_o be_v if_o it_o do_v not_o make_v out_o a_o adherence_n to_o the_o king_n enemy_n than_o your_o objection_n will_v hold_v good_a mr._n phipps_n the_o go_v to_o cruize_v my_o lord_n do_v not_o make_v out_o a_o adherence_n to_o the_o king_n enemy_n for_o his_o cruize_v may_v be_v for_o other_o purpose_n as_o well_o as_o to_o take_v the_o king_n ship_n and_o your_o lordship_n will_v intend_v the_o best_a in_o favour_n of_o life_n mr._n whitaker_n to_o burn_v the_o king_n ship_n l._n c._n j._n treby_n the_o indictment_n be_v lay_v for_o adhere_v to_o and_o comfort_v and_o aid_v the_o king_n enemy_n you_o will_v take_v that_o to_o be_v capable_a to_o be_v construe_v adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n in_o other_o respect_n but_o i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v a_o reasonable_a construction_n of_o the_o indictment_n to_o be_v adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n in_o their_o enmity_n what_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o every_o subject_a it_o be_v to_o sight_n with_o and_o subdue_v and_o weaken_v the_o king_n enemy_n and_o contrary_n to_o this_o if_o he_o confederate_a with_o and_o strengthen_v the_o king_n enemy_n he_o express_o contradict_v this_o duty_n of_o his_o allegiance_n and_o be_v guilty_a of_o this_o treason_n of_o adhere_v to_o they_o but_o than_o you_o say_v here_o be_v no_o aid_v unless_o there_o be_v something_o do_v some_o act_n of_o hostility_n now_o here_o be_v go_v a_o board_n with_o a_o intention_n to_o do_v such_o act_n and_o be_v not_o that_o comfort_a and_o aid_v certain_o it_o be_v be_v not_o the_o french_a king_n comfort_v and_o aid_v when_o he_o have_v get_v so_o many_o english_a subject_n to_o go_v a_o cruize_v upon_o our_o ship_n suppose_v they_o man_n his_o whole_a fleet_n or_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o it_o be_v not_o that_o aid_v if_o they_o go_v and_o enter_v themselves_o into_o a_o regiment_n list_v themselves_o and_o march_n though_o they_o do_v not_o come_v to_o a_o battle_n this_o be_v help_v and_o encourage_v such_o thing_n give_v the_o enemy_n heart_n and_o courage_n to_o go_v on_o with_o the_o war_n or_o else_o it_o may_v be_v the_o french_a king_n will_v come_v to_o good_a term_n of_o peace_n it_o be_v certain_o aid_v and_o comfort_v of_o
they_o to_o go_v and_o accept_v a_o commission_n and_o enter_v into_o their_o ship_n of_o war_n and_o list_v themselves_o and_o go_v out_o in_o order_n to_o destroy_v their_o fellow-subject_n and_o ruin_v the_o king_n ship_n these_o be_v act_n of_o a_o hostile_a nature_n and_o it_o this_o be_v not_o adhere_v etc._n etc._n it_o may_v as_o well_o be_v say_v that_o if_o the_o same_o person_n have_v make_v a_o attack_z upon_o our_o ship_n and_o miscarry_v in_o it_o that_o have_v not_o be_v so_o neither_o because_o that_o in_o a_o unprosperous_a attempt_n there_o be_v nothing_o do_v that_o give_v aid_n or_o comfort_n to_o the_o enemy_n and_o after_o this_o kind_n of_o reason_v they_o will_v not_o be_v guilty_a till_o they_o have_v success_n and_o if_o they_o have_v success_n enough_o it_o will_v be_v too_o late_o to_o question_v they_o mr._n phipps_n intend_v to_o levy_v war_n be_v not_o treason_n unless_o a_o war_n be_v actual_o levy_v l._n c._n j._n treby_n be_v it_o not_o actual_a levy_n of_o war_n if_o they_o actual_o provide_v arm_n and_o levy_v man_n and_o in_o a_o warlike_a manner_n set_v out_o and_o cruize_n and_o come_v with_o a_o design_n to_o destroy_v our_o ship_n mr._n phipps_n it_o will_v not_o be_v a_o actual_a levy_n of_o war_n unless_o they_o commit_v some_o act_n of_o hostility_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n yes_o indeed_o the_o go_v on_o board_n and_o be_v in_o a_o posture_n to_o attack_v the_o king_n ship_n as_o to_o the_o fault_n you_o find_v with_o the_o indictment_n there_o be_v a_o fault_n but_o not_o in_o point_n of_o law_n they_o may_v have_v lay_v it_o more_o general_o so_o as_o to_o have_v give_v more_o evidence_n mr._n bar._n powis_n however_o it_o be_v well_o enough_o but_o for_o you_o to_o say_v because_o they_o do_v not_o actual_o fight_v it_o be_v not_o a_o levy_n of_o war_n be_v it_o not_o plain_a what_o they_o do_v intend_v that_o they_o come_v with_o that_o intention_n that_o they_o come_v in_o that_o posture_n that_o they_o come_v arm_v and_o have_v gun_n and_o blunderbusy_n and_o surround_v the_o ship_n twice_o they_o come_v with_o a_o arm_a force_n that_o be_v a_o strong_a evidence_n of_o the_o design_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n you_o will_v make_v no_o act_n to_o be_v aid_v and_o assist_v but_o fight_v mr._n phipps_n then_o next_o i_o be_o in_o your_o lordship_n judgement_n whether_o the_o statute_n of_o 28_o of_o hen._n the_o 8_o the_o by_o which_o captain_n vaughan_n be_v try_v be_v in_o force_n and_o be_v not_o repeal_v by_o the_o first_o and_o second_o of_o philip_n and_o mary_n which_o say_v that_o all_o trial_n in_o case_n of_o treason_n shall_v be_v at_o the_o common-law_n now_o by_o the_o common-law_n before_o the_o statute_n 28_o hen._n 8._o treason_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n be_v try_v before_o the_o admiral_n or_o his_o lieutenant_n and_o my_o lord_n coke_n in_o the_o 12_o rep._n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o admiralty_n say_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n be_v by_o the_o common-law_n by_o the_o statute_n 33_o hen._n 8._o treason_n confess_v before_o three_o of_o the_o privy-council_n may_v be_v try_v in_o a_o foreign_a county_n but_o that_o statute_n be_v repeal_v by_o the_o statute_n 1_o and_o 2_o of_o philip_n and_o mary_n for_o by_o the_o statute_n 33_o hen._n 8._o c._n 4_o treason_n commit_v in_o trale_n may_v be_v try_v in_o what_o county_n the_o king_n will_v assign_v but_o since_o the_o statute_n of_o philip_n and_o mary_n it_o must_v be_v in_o the_o proper_a county_n so_o that_o we_o be_v in_o your_o lordship_n judgement_n whether_o the_o statute_n of_o 28_o hen._n 8._o be_v in_o force_n and_o whither_o since_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o and_o 2_o philip_n and_o mary_n treason_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v try_v before_o the_o admiral_n or_o ancient_o at_o the_o common-law_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n this_o be_v treason_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o the_o trial_n be_v by_o the_o method_n of_o the_o common-law_n mr._n phipps_n it_o be_v true_a that_o my_o lord_n coke_n and_o other_o authority_n say_v that_o the_o statute_n 35_o hen._n 8._o for_o try_v treason_n commit_v beyond_o sea_n be_v not_o repeal_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o and_o 2_o philip_n and_o mary_n but_o they_o do_v not_o say_v that_o this_o statute_n be_v not_o repeal_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o philip_n and_o mary_n and_o the_o book_n be_v silent_a in_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o i_o propose_v this_o question_n for_o your_o lordship_n judgement_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n it_o be_v no_o more_o a_o question_n than_o the_o trial_n of_o foreign_a treason_n and_o then_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o trial_n upon_o the_o 35_o the_o determine_v the_o question_n upon_o this_o dr._n oldys_n we_o must_v have_v two_o witness_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o civil-law_n a_o extrajudicial_a say_n of_o a_o party_n may_v be_v retract_v by_o they_o at_o any_o time_n that_o be_v the_o civil-law_n and_o so_o there_o can_v be_v out_o one_o witness_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n that_o be_v not_o the_o law_n of_o england_n dr._n oldys_n i_o do_v humble_o conceive_v that_o the_o civil-law_n be_v not_o take_v away_o in_o this_o case_n for_o though_o the_o statute_n prescribe_v the_o form_n of_o proceed_n according_o to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common-law_n yet_o as_o to_o the_o crime_n and_o proof_n the_o civil-law_n be_v still_o in_o force_n and_o then_o the_o party_n may_v retract_v his_o confession_n in_o judgement_n much_o more_o any_o extrajudicial_a say_n mr._n whitaker_n you_o be_v arraign_v the_o verdict_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n that_o you_o shall_v have_v take_v notice_n of_o before_o the_o verdict_n be_v give_v but_o we_o think_v there_o be_v no_o danger_n in_o hear_v this_o objection_n because_o it_o be_v so_o easy_o answer_v how_o many_o witness_n be_v to_o the_o confession_n sir_n ch._n hedges_n we_o be_v not_o in_o a_o court_n that_o proceed_v according_a to_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o the_o civil-law_n but_o if_o we_o be_v that_o law_n be_v not_o so_o absurd_a as_o to_o allow_v that_o a_o party_n may_v retract_v his_o confession_n at_o any_o time_n so_o as_o to_o make_v it_o have_v no_o effect_n dr._n oldys_n there_o must_v be_v two_o witness_n at_o any_o time_n sir_n ch._n hedges_n so_o there_o be_v here_o to_o the_o confession_n but_o you_o mistake_v if_o you_o think_v that_o every_o particular_a be_v to_o be_v prove_v strict_o as_o the_o civil_a law_n require_v for_o the_o end_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o direct_v the_o proceed_n of_o this_o court_n be_v to_o facilitate_v the_o method_n of_o make_v proof_n that_o be_v sound_a difficult_a by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o civil-law_n and_o therefore_o be_v that_o statute_n make_v as_o plain_o appear_v by_o the_o preamble_n thereof_o dr._n oldys_n there_o be_v a_o new_a statute_n that_o revive_v that_o statute_n again_o and_o that_o require_v two_o witness_n whereby_o it_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o civil-law_n again_o l._n c._n j._n holt._n two_o witness_n there_o must_v be_v but_o then_o consider_v it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o have_v two_o to_o every_o individual_a overt-act_n for_o suppose_v there_o be_v two_o overt-act_n lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n for_o one_o species_n of_o treason_n compass_v and_o imagine_v the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n if_o there_o be_v one_o witness_v that_o he_o buy_v a_o dagger_n and_o say_v he_o will_v kill_v the_o king_n and_o he_o be_v see_v it_o may_v be_v go_v to_o the_o king_n bedchamber_n with_o the_o dagger_n another_o witness_n say_v he_o say_v he_o will_v kill_v the_o king_n with_o a_o pistol_n and_o buy_v a_o pistol_n and_o he_o stand_v wait_v to_o kill_v the_o king_n as_o he_o come_v by_o that_o be_v another_o overt-act_n of_o the_o same_o treason_n if_o one_o witness_v prove_v one_o and_o another_o witness_v prove_v the_o other_o this_o be_v sufficient_a proof_n with_o we_o dr._n oldys_n it_o be_v another_o question_n whether_o he_o be_v a_o subject_a l._n c._n j._n holt._n that_o be_v not_o a_o overt-act_n if_o there_o be_v one_o witness_v to_o that_o it_o be_v enough_o there_o need_v not_o two_o witness_n to_o prove_v he_o a_o subject_a but_o upon_o the_o trial_n there_o be_v above_o two_o witness_n to_o prove_v it_o there_o be_v crittenden_n the_o marshal_n of_o dover_n cray_n and_o rivet_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o as_o to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o civil-law_n it_o be_v not_o universal_o receive_v in_o all_o country_n it_o be_v receive_v in_o several_a country_n as_o they_o find_v it_o convenient_a and_o not_o as_o obligatory_a in_o itself_o dr._n oldys_n yes_o in_o all_o place_n as_o to_z proof_n for_o it_o be_v the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o