and revenge the other 2 And it was God's will when he would impose that long and tedious Journey upon Abraham that the Countreys should be in Peace through which he wandred to which end those Millions of Warriours and Engins perished with Semiramis to make the Recovery of lost Liberty the more easy Lastly Histories report that Arrius who succeeded Ninias recovered Bactria and Caspia and Baleus or Xerxes reduced the rest even to Egypt which argueth their former Revolt § 13. Consent of Writers almost forceth us to think as I have delivered touching the Four Kings yet if we take them rather for Four petty Kings which in that sluggish Reign of Ninias had gathered Colonies out of those Four Countries and Planted themselves elsewhere we shall remove some difficulties For if Chedorlaomer were King of Persia it self beyond Babylon what a Journey were it to come so far and gather such Forces which must pass so great Countries as Assyria Chaldea Mesopotamia Syria and part of Arabia to Conquer five small Cities and leave all the rest of Canaan yea to come in Person and that the second time But the Scripture maketh this Invasion no great matter but as matching four Kings to five as if the five were not so unequally matched though petty Kings as of necessity they had been if these four had been absolute Kings of the Kingdoms whose Names they bear If then the former Conjectures cannot agree to the Text to the Authority whereof all Human Reason must subscribe let the received Opinion stand that Amraphel was Ninias who was become inferiour to Chedorlaomer of Persia. From the Assyrian the History of Abraham leadeth us to the Egyptian Kingdom then also flourishing CHAP. II. Of the Kings of Egypt from Cham to the Delivery of the Israelites THE Kings of Egypt 'till Israel 's Deliverance and the causes of the uncertainty of the History § Cham after Babel's Confusion having known Egypt's Fertility Planted it Anno 191 after the Flood Osiris succeeded Anno 352. Typhon or Hercules Anno 603. Orus 620. Sesostris the Great 735. Sesostris the Blind 786. Busiris or Oris 2 d. Anno 782. Acenchere or Thermutis or Meris 820. Rathoris 832. Chenchrese 841 drowned Augustin a diligent searcher of Antiquities omitted the Succession of Egyptian Kings finding no certainty of them through the Ambition of their Priests who to magnify the Antiquities which they only kept filled the Records with Romances and Names of Kings which never Reigned Other good Authors were over-credulous of what they found so Recorded Published the same in their own Names Of these Annius finding some Fragments and adding what he would is no farther to be Credited than where approved Writers Confirm his Assertion Herein the Old Christian Writers follow Eusebius but the Modern Annius and Prophane Authors follow Diodorus Herodotus c. § 2. C ham began his Reign in Egypt after the Flood Anno 191. § This is gathered from the Dyanasties of Egypt whose 16 th began in the 43 d. year of Ninus The 12 first under their 12 great Gods lasted 84 Years seven a-piece the 13 indured 14 years the 14 lasted 26 the fifteen was 37 which three last were under three younger Gods All the 75 added together make 161 years which being deducted out of 352 the remainder is 191 the beginning of Government there after Cham's arrival The same also is probable from their coming to Babel which being after the Flood Anno 131 and Forty years according to Glicas spent in Building we can allow no less than Twenty years for the slow passing such a Company through such a difficult long way which Sums being added make up 191 years when the first Dynasty began for to begin them sooner were either to plant Egypt as soon as Babel or with Mercator to make them before the Flood which their number exceeding the number of those long-liv'd Fathers will not admit § 3. The Dynasties of Egypt were not absolute Kings but Vice-Roys under Kings § The probability of this will appear by the custom of Kings governing by Great Men as of old the Kings of France by the Master of the Palace the Turk by a Grand Visier the Philistin Kings which came out of Egypt had a Captain as Abimelek had Phicol the Kings of Israel as Saul had Abner David had Ioab And Cham's lend disposition to follow Pleasure might breed the Custom which continued even to the days of Ioseph advanced to the place by Pharaoh from which Example William Arch Bishop of Tyre affirms the same Form of Government continued in Egypt in his days when the Sultans govern'd under the Calif as Lieutenants under a King How these Dynasties succeeded and how long they continued is uncertain § 4. Cham. and Mizraim or Oris § Of C ham the Scripture calls that Country the Land of Ham not for being Peopled by his Sons for so were other Countries which yet are never so called but for that himself planted it Osiris called himself the Eldest Son of Saturn as in Diodorus lib. 1. which Saturn of Egypt was Grand-father of Ninus as in his Monument Of Cham came the Temple of Hammon near Egypt And in Ierom's days the Egyptians called their Country Ham so Ortelius saith out of Plutarch that Egypt was called Chemia That Cham reigned 161 years is not improbable considering Sem his Brother lived 600 years Mizraim or Osiris according to Diodor succeeded of whom the Land also took its Name and by the Natives is yet called Mezre as Reineccius sheweth How long he Reigned is hard to determine but that he began at Abraham's Birth is probable when the Dynastie of the Thebaei began according to Eusebius § 5. Osiris Reign is guessed at by his Son Lebabim or Hercules Lybeus his Warring with Typhon and the Giants his Associates in Revenging his Fathers Death His Egyptian Wars he ended and begun his Italian in the 41 Year of Baleus King of Assyria according to Berosus when he left the Kingdom to his Brother Orus To this Egyptian and many other Wars before his Italian Krentzhemius alloweth but 6 Years which draweth Osiris Death to the 34 th Year of Belus and so makes him Reign 297 Years and so should end 7 Years after Israel came into Egypt This cannot be for the King under whom Israel came out-lived Iacob and had Reigned from before Ioseph's standing before Pharaoh yea we may give 13 Years more of Ioseph's Bondage to him This King then could not be Osiris who lived not so long as Iacob nor Typhon nor Hercules but Orus Son of Osiris advanced by Hercules § 6. Typhon and Hercules their Reigns are not distinctly defined only Orus is placed 7 Years after Osiris by Krentzhemius and whose Reign seemeth to last 115 Years and from whose Death to the Israelites Departure are 122 Years Sesostris or Sesonchosis succeeded according to Scholiast Apollonii He was a great Conquerour in Asia even into India and Europe Whom Iustin erroniously maketh Vexoris saith
and Children It endured many changes Shishak of Egypt Sackt it so did Ioas of Israel but Nebuchadonozor fulfilled all Gods Judgments threatned and made way to Seventy Years Desolation and Captivity of City and People After the restoring by Cyrus Bagòses Lieutenant and Artaxeres spoiled it and after Alexanders Empire was divided Ptolomy the First pretending to Offer Sacrifice then Antiochus Epiphanes and Apollonius his Lieutenant after him spoiled it and Pompey long after took it But after all Repairs that wicked Herod did so Reedifie and Adorn both Temples and Cities that it far exceeded what Solomon did continuing in this state about Forty Years after our Saviour's Death Titus invested it till it was taken and Demolished it in which by Famine Pestilence Sedition and Enemies Sword 1100000 were consumed 65 Years after being in part repaired Elius Adrian for a new Revolt Overthrew all and Built another which he called Elia Capitolia and Decreed that never Iew should dare after to enter or from high place look to behold it Yet after the Christian Religion flourished in Palestine it was Inhabited after by Christians 500 Years and then it was taken by Egyptian Sarazens and held 400 Years and then regained by Godfrey Bouillon and so continued 88 Years when the Souldan of Egypt won it but lastly Selim the Turk took it and called it Cusunbaris § 6. Malicious Reports of the Heathen as Quintilian Diodor Strabo Iustin Tacitus touching the Iews Original answered by Iosephus against Appion and Tertullian in his Apologet. CHAP. IX Memorable things from Joshua to Jeptha and the Destruction of Troy § 1. IVDA by Gods Directions took the Management of the War after Ioshua was Dead Caleb with Phineas and the assistance of Seventy Elders were in Ioshua's time Commanding in Chief Their Achievements we read Iudg. 1. as also of the other Tribes which sought to establish their own Territories What befel them after upon their making Peace with the Canaanites and their affliction 8 Years and how Othniel the Son of Cenas Younger Brother to Caleb delivered them from Chushan a King of Mesopotamia who Oppressed them we read in Scripture How long it was between the Death of Ioshua and Othniel is uncertain though it could not be a short time considering what Wars followed and the Surprize of Laish by the Danites and their Warring with Benjamin are thought to be in this interim which War so weakened them that they could not so strongly resist their Bordering Enemies § 2. Othniel Governed 40 Years in whose 20 th year Pandarius Fifth King of Athens entred and Reigned 40 Years Father of Erictheus and Progne and Philomela in the Fables Cadmus about this time obtained Thebes which Amphion and Zethus Governed after Triptolâ—mus is placed first by Augustine of whom and the rest Authors so disagree that I desire to be excused if I Err with better Judgments whereto I submit For if the first Authors had but a borrowed uncertain light from other Conjectures all our labour in Example to uncover the Sun is for ought I see a more over-shading § 3. Ehud was next who Delivered Israel from Eglon King of Moab after 18 Years Misery Samgar his Successor freed them from the Philistins so from Othoniel's Death 8 Years expired Elimelek went to Moab in Ehud's days and Ruth's Story is referred hither Adoius King of the Molosseans in Epirus had by Ceres his Wife a Fair Daughter called Proserpina a common Name of such whom Peritheus intending to steal drew Theseus into the attempt which being discovered Aidonius surprized them cast Peritheus to Cesarus his Mastive and kept Theseus Prisoner till Hercules delivered him by a strong hand Pindus's Mountains in Epirus of which Oeta is Chief whence Acheron springeth Erictheus was King of Athens whose Daughter Orythia Boreas King of Thrace Forced Tereus King of Phocis in Greece Inhabited by Thracians Married Progne the Daughter of Pandarius and Ravished her Sister Philomela and cut out her Tongue for which Progne killed his Son Itys and made Meat of him for Tyrus and fled to Athens Tros began to Reign in Pardania the 47 th Year of Ehud about which time Tantalus was King of Lydia not Phrygia whose study of Wisdom made him neglect the Pleasure of Riches of which he had great Plenty Others said his covetous Mind made him miserable whereof grew that Fable c. Here the Author is out Taxing the unfolding of Secrets to Vulgars perverting Mar. 4.11 Cecrops 2 d. 7 th King of Athens and Arrisius Thirteenth King of the Argives now Reigned the first 40 Years the other 31 toward the end of the 8 Years Pelops lived of whom Peloponesus took Name Titius Tyrant of Panopea in Phocis slain by Apollo Admetus King of Thessaly Perseus of Peloponesus and Medusa slain by Perseus Souldiers of whose Blood sprang Pegasus Belerophon's Horse with which he slew Chimera a Pyrat of of the Lycians Ion of whom the Athenians are called Iones or rather of Iovan c. § 4. The former 80 Years of Peace and Plenty having bred security it brought forth neglect of Gods Commandments and their ripe Sins called for God's Judgment who raised Iabin King of Hazor who laid an heavy yoke on Israel 20 Years keeping his chief holds even in Naphtalim and reduced them to such a weakness as among Forty Thousand a Weapon was not seen But as Volumes may be gathered of Examples proving all Power is the Lords how impotent soever his means be so now the Lord set it out in delivering Israel two Women Deborah and Iael striking the chief stroke Thus Forty Years were expired under Iabin Deborah and Barac Argos's Kingdom which had continued 544 Years was Translated to Micenae Built by Perseus Son of Danae Daughter of Acrisius King of Argos The King of Argos The King of Argives we find Inachus whose Daughter Io was the Egyptian Isis Phoronius Apis Argus Pirasus Phorbas Triops Crotopus Sthelenus Donaus Lynieus Abas Acrosius Pelops After the Translation to Micenae Perseus Sthenelus Eurystheus Atreus Son of Pelops Agamemon Egypthus Orestes Tisamenus Penthilus and Cometes Midas now King of Phrygia and Ilus who Built Ilium Contemporaries with Debora § 5. Barac was no sooner dead but Israel returned to their impious Idolatry and God raised up the Midianites assisted with the Amalekites to infest them yet his Compassions which never fail raised them up a Deliverer Gideon the Son of Ioash whose story is largely set down in Holy Scripture His severities in the revenge upon Succoth and Penuel his own Sons found shortly after his death For the debts of Cruelty and Mercy were left unsatisfied And because he Converted the Gold into an Ephod a Garment proper to the High-Priest and set it up in his City Ophra as it drew Israel to Idolatry so was it the destruction of his own House Aegeus Son of Pandeon now reigned in Athens Euristheus in Micenae whom Atreus succeeded who killed Thyestes his Brother's Children and feasted
Motives to such as he will imploy though they intend it not Some confound the two Invasions of Hazael's but they are different the first was a compleat Army which frighted Ioash and had Hazael's presence the second was small and was encounter'd by the Iudeans when the King of Aram was at Damascus Some hold the Invasion was in Iehojada's days but it seemeth otherwise seeing the Service of the Temple flourished all his Days God sometimes prevents Men's Sins by affliction before Men see cause because it reforms them As for the Wicked usually their Sins get the start of their Punishment which can do no good upon them through hardness of heart by custom of Sin as it was by this unhappy Man whose villanous Pattern few Tyrants can endure to imitate § 4. Zecharias the Son of Iehojada after other Prophets is moved by the Spirit of God to admonish them of their Wickedness whom though many personal Reasons might move Ioash to respect beside the Reason of Reasons that he was a Reverend Prophet of God yet at Ioash's Commandment they murdered him Not unlike the Husbandmen who killed the Heir in whom all the hope to win any thing at their hands did rest For it might well be expected that this Man might be bolder and prevail more than all the rest yet of all the rest he succeeded least It seems Ioash thought himself no free Prince as long as any might be thought to have such interest in him as to dare to deal plainly with him § 5. Ioash having committed this odious Murder as the unthankful Snake upon the Man in whose Bosom he had been fostered as a wretched Tyrant became hateful to his own Times and his Memory detestable Neither did the deserved Curse of the Martyr stay long for within the Year when the Tyrant thought he was now absolute King without Controul the Aramites broke into his Country rather for Pillage than to perform any great Action being so few The King of Iudah many ways discovered his Cowardise as by drawing blood of Friends basely buying Peace with Enemies when he was able to draw into the Field 300000 Men as his Son did after and now in levying a great Army against a few Foreigners or Bands of Rovers Against these his Wisdom thought fit to advance among his Princes to shew his Valour when he presumed through incomparable odds to be free from danger But God that laugheth at the Folly of Wise Men and casteth contempt upon vain-glorious Princes intending to do more by the few Aramites than themselves merit whether by Folly of Leaders amazement of Souldiers c. this great Army fell before them and they had the slaughtering of those Princes which had drawn their King to Rebel against the King of Kings and the beating and ranzoming of Ioash himself who thereupon was forced to take his Bed in which two of his own Servants slew him for the blood of Iehojada's Children § 6. Contemporaries with Ioash were Mezades and Diognetus in Athens Eudemus and Aristodemus in Corinth Agrippa Sylvius and Syvius Alladius in Italy Cephrenes the 4th from Sesac succeeded Cheops in Egypt the 16th of Ioash and Ruled Fifty Years Ocrazapes or Anacynderaxes succeeded Ophratanes in Assyria Forty two years Ioas 18th Pigmalion King of Tyrus in whose Seven years Dido built Carthage from the Building Solomon's Temple 143 Years as Iosephus found in the Tyrian Annals which was 143 years before the Birth of Romulus and 289 years after the destruction of Troy Thus all Virgil's Tale of Dido and Aeneas is Confuted as Ausonius noteth in his Epigram upon her Statue The History of Carthage is referred to the Punick Wars § 7. Amaziah Son of Ioash succeeded being Twenty five Years old who having learned the Art of Dissimulation of his Father finding the Princes dead which favoured Idolatry and seeing the Peoples dislike of his Father's Courses by their Countenancing his Murder he framed himself to the necessity of the Times forbore the Traytors indured his Father's disgrace in his Burial and Conformed to Religion But after the Peoples out-cry against his Father had tyred it self and that he saw the Conspirators had neither Might Partakers nor Abettors he put them to Death but spared their Children which gave Content to the People as a point of Justice thus by long Peace and Conformation to Religion and Justice he grew strong Ioash also King of Israel grew in Power following the War against the Aramites and prospered tho' following the Idolatry of the Calves which had almost consumed the Ten Tribes by Hazael and Benhadad Yet at the Prayer of this Idolater God had Compassion in giving him success that he recover'd his Fathers temporal Losses but God's Favour more worth than all he neither sought nor got This Man entred in the 37th year of Ioash King of Iudah and in the Fifteenth of Iehoahaz his Father who lived two or three after He receiving his Father's poor Stock of ten Chariots Fifty Horsemen and One Thousand Foot his thriving with this Stock he ascribed to the Prayers of the Holy Prophet Elisha 2 Kings 13.14 This Prophet dyed about the Third or Fourth year of Ioash and for a Legacy bestowed three Victories upon him whereby he set Israel in a good way to recover all their Losses § 8. Amaziah inflamed with desire to undertake some Expedition by Example of Ioash King of Israel tho' he could furnish 300000 yet knowing they had lived without Exercise a long time except that with the Aramites which rather discouraged them he therefore thought good to hire 100000 Experienced Men out of Israel with which he would recover Edom which revolted under Iehoram But upon a Prophet's Warning he dismissed the Israelites not beloved of God and went in confidence of God's Assistance and prospered while his discontented hired Israelites ravag'd in their return yet he recover'd not Edom. He took some of Edom's Idols which might have been led in Triumph but the wretched King which took them was besotted by them and made them his Gods neither would endure the Prophet's reproof from the true God If the costly Stuff or the Workman-ship ravished his Fancy he might have disposed them to Profit or Ornament if the Edomites Devotion to them it should rather have moved laughter at them and their Gods who had failed their Old Clients I therefore think a proud Discontentment carried him from God whom having Obeyed in sending back his Mercenary Israelites he looked that the Lord would have subdued Edom unto him as well as give him a Victory forgetting that God had promised that Esau should break off the Yoke of Iacob at length and therefore should have limited his desire and been contented with an honourable Victory But as Men careful before the Battle to pray to God acknowledging him the giver of Victory and when the Field is won vaunt of their own Exploits as if God used their Fore-sight and Courage therein so Amaziah finding God did nothing extraordinary arrogated
216 CHAP. VII The Greek Affairs from the Persian Wars to the Peloponesian 221 CHAP. VIII The Peloponesian War with the Condition of Athens and Sparta at the beginning of it Alcibiades his Victories his deposing 224 CHAP. IX Matters concurring with the Peloponesian War and some time after 230 CHAP. X. Cyrus the Younger his Expedition into Persia and the great Services of Xenophon 232 CHAP. XI Of the Greek Affairs under the Lacedemonians Command 237 CHAP. XII Of the flourishing Condition of Thebes from the Battle of Leuctra to that of Mantinea Of the Peace that succeeded A Comparison between Agasilaus and the Roman Pompey 241 BOOK IV. CHAP. I. Of the Macedonian Kingdom from Philip Father to Alexander the Great to the Race of Antigonus 247 CHAP. II. Of Alexander the Great his Wars with Darius and others his Cruelty Death and Character 251 CHAP. III. Aordaeus's Reign after Alexander 271 CHAP. IV. Of Antigonus's growth in Asia 282 CHAP. V. Of the Civil Wars of Alexander's Captains 286 CHAP. VI. Of the Wars between the New Kings 'till they were all destroy'd 287 CHAP. VII Rome's Growth and the setling of the Eastern State 299 BOOK V. From the setled Rule of Alexander's Successors 'till the Romans Conquer'd Asia and Macedon CHAP. I. Of the First Punick War 307 CHAP. II. What pass'd between the First and Second Punick War 326 CHAP. III. Of the Second Punick War 336 CHAP. IV. Philip King of Macedon Father of Perseus subdu'd by the Romans 370 CHAP. V. Of the Roman Wars with Antiochus and his Adherents 380 CHAP. VI. Of the Second Macedonian War With the death of Philopoemen Hannibal Scipio c. 396 ERRATA PAge 13. l. 31. r. but one p. 32. l. ult after slew add many thousands of them p. 37. l. 25. instead of Cursed r. not needful to be taken in p. 38. l. 19. dele Toy E. p. 54. l. 26. r. of Chush p. 64. l. 9. for Legal r. Regal p. 65. l. 29. for Babel r. Babylon p. 70. l. 23. for no r. a. p. 94. l. 13. for Linages r. Images p. 96. l. 10. r. many things p. 96. l. 19. for Their r. Therefore and for that r. a. p. 131. l. 15. for lightsomely r. plainly p. 139. l. 24. for Three r. Third p. 216. l. 27. after Thousand r. Darici p. 220. l. 10. for thirty thousand r. three hundred thousand ibid l. 20. after fifty thousand r. more p. 226. l. 26. for first r. worst p. 243. l. 35. after grown r. powerful p. 248. l. 28. r. set up Pausanius p. 286. l. 13. r. he would not share THE HISTORY OF THE WORLD PART I. OF THE First Ages from the Creation to Abraham CHAP. I. Of the Creation and Preservation of the World § GOD Invisible is seen in his Creatures God acknowledged by the wisest men to be a Power uneffable a Virtue infinite a Light by the abundant Clarity invisible an Understanding which it self can only comprehend an Essence eternal and spiritual of absolute Pureness and Simplicity was and is pleased to make himself known by the Works of the World In the wonderful magnitude whereof we behold the Image of that Glory which cannot be measured and that one Universal Nature which cannot be defined In the glorious Lights of Heaven we perceive a shadow of his Divine Countenance in his Provision for all that live his manifold Goodness and in creating by the absolute power of his own Word his All-sufficiency which All-sufficiency in Power and Wisdom which Light Virtue and Goodness being but Attributes of one simple Essence and one God we in all admire and in part discern by the Glass of his Creatures in the disposition order and variety of Bodies Celestial and Terrestrial Terrestrial in strange manifold Diversities Celestial in their Beauty Magnitude and continual contrary motions yet neither repugned intermixed nor confounded By these potent Effects we approach to the knowledge of the Omnipotent Cause and by these motions their Almighty wise Mover In these more than wonderful Works God speaketh to Men who by their Reason may know their Maker to be God who with Corporal Eyes can no otherways be seen but by his Word and this visible World Of all which Works there was no other Cause preceding but his Will no Matter but his Power no Workman but his Word no other Consideration but his own Goodness § 2. The Worlds Creation acknowledged by ancient Philosophers Mercurius Trismegistus called God the Original of the Vniverse and that God made it only by his Word Jupiter having hidden all things in himself did after send forth into the grateful Light the admirable Works he had fore-thought Pindar calls him the one God Father and Creator of all And Original of all saith Pâ—ato Though Scripture have no need of Foreign Testimonies yet St. Paul despised not the Use of Philosophers c. Truth by whomsoever uttered is of the Holy Ghost said Ambrose § 3. All things began to be in the Creation before which was neither Matter nor Form of any thing but the Eternal For had there been a former Matter the Creation had not been first and if any thing were before Created there must be a double Creation if any thing had been uncreated but God there must have been a Beginning and two infinite Eternals § 4. Heaven and Earth first Created was not Matter without all Form without which nothing can exist but it was that solid Substance and Matter as well of the Heavens and Orbs as of the Globe of the Earth and Waters which cover'd it the Seed of that Vniversal saith Calvin § 5. As Moses by Heaven meant the Matter of all Heavenly Bodies and Natures so by Earth comprehending the Waters he meant the Matter of all things under the Moon Waters in the plural signifying a double Liquor of divers natures mixed with Earth 'till God separated them § 6. Spirit of God moved c. Seeing that God is every way above Reason though the Effects which follow his wonderful ways of working may in some measure be perceived by Man's Understanding yet that manner and first operation of his divine Power cannot be conceived by any Mind or Spirit united with a mortal Body And St. Paul saith they are past finding out Therefore whether that motion vitality and operation were by Incubation or any other way that 's only known to God The English word Moved is most proper and significant for of motion proceeds all production and whatsoever is effected This moving â—pirit can be no other but that infinite Power of God which then formed and distinguished and which now sustains the Universe This motion of the Spirit upon the Waters produced their Spiritual and Natural motion which brought forth Heat whereof came rarefaction of Parts thus was Air begotten an Element lighter and superiour to the Waters § 7. The Light is next which for Excellency is first called good but as I conceive did not yet distinguish Day
greater difference in the rest which cannot be ascribed to the long abstinence from Marriage upon Religious respect as we see in holy Enoch Noah's Brethren perished in the Flood and so might some unnamed Children begotten before the three named being 500 Years old before § 5. The Patriarchs Years have been questioned some holding them Lunary or Egyptian but that cannot be for then some should beget Children at 6 7 or 8 Years old and the Eldest should live not 100 Years which is short of many after the Flood yea long since Pliny witnesseth under Vespasian in a search many were found above 120 and some 140 Years Old Simple Diet and temperate Life made the Essaeans Egyptian Priests Persian Magicians Indian Brachmans live long saith Iosephus Pliny reports Nestor's 3 Ages Tyresia's 6 Sybils 300 Years Endymion's little less Ant. Fumea a good Historian reports of an Indian above 300 Years Old and my self knew the old Countess of Desmond An. 1589 who lived many Years after who had been married in the Reign of King Edw. 4. To conclude there are three things not to speak of Constellations which are natural Causes of long and healthful Life Strong Parents pure Air and temperate use of Dyet Pleasure and Rest all which excelled in the First Ages And though the Flood infused an impure quality into the Earth to hurt the means of Man's Life yet Time hath more consumed Natures Vigour as that which hath made the Heavens wax old like a Garment Hereto add our strange Education of Children upon unnatural Curiosity nourished by a strange Dugg Hasty Marriage before Natures Seed be ripe or Stock well rooted to yield a Branch fit to replant But above all the Luxury of latter Ages which wilfully oppresseth Nature and then thinks to relieve her with strong Waters hot Spices Sauces c. § 6. The Patriarchs knowledge of the Creation might well come by Tradition from Adam to Moses seeing Methusalem lived with Adam 243 Years and with Noah 500 Years and he with Abraham 58 Years from whom it was not hard to pass by Isaac Iacob and his Posterity to Moses Yet for the more certainty of the Truth it was undoubtedly delivered to Moses by immediate Inspiration of the Holy Ghost as his many Miracles do prove Questionless also Letters were from the Infancy of the World as Enoch's Pillars and his Prophecy witness of which part was found in Saba saith Origen and Tertullian read some Pages neither can it be denyed there was such saith Augustine § 7. The Patriarchs Lives were lightly passed over 'till Enoch whose Piety is commended and his leaving the World not by Death Whether his Change were such as shall be at the last day let Divines judge Lamech's Prophecy of his Son Noah is touch'd upon but Noah's Life is handled more amply The Wisdom Policy and Wars of that World were no doubt great as may be gathered Gen. 5.4 but the Universal Impiety which brought the Universal Destruction deserved that the Memory of their Actions should be drowned with their Bodies It were madness to imagine the Sons of God spoken of Gen. 5.24 were good Angels which begat Giants on Women as Iosephus dreamt and deceived Lactantius Confuted by Augustine and Chrysostom § 8. The Giants spoken of Gen. 5. Becanus strains his Wit to prove they were not such properly but so called for their Oppression But Moses calling them Mighty which argueth extraordinary Strength and Men of Renown and great undertaking there is more Reason to hold them Giants in a proper sense especially considering what Scripture Reporteth of such in the Days of Abraham Moses and Ioshua David c. yea of whole Kindreds and Countries If such were found in the Third and Fourth Ages of the Worlds decay there is no Reason to doubt thereof in the First and Second flourishing Ages From this Story grew the Conceit That Giants were the Sons of Heaven and Earth And from Nimrod grew the Tale of Giants casting up Mountains to the top of Heaven CHAP. VI. The Original of Idolatry and Reliques of Antiquity in Fables §. 1 THE Greeks and others corrupting the Story of the Creation and mingling their Fables with them suppos'd that After-Ages would take those Discourses of God and Nature for Inventions of Philosophers and Poets But as skilful Chymists can extract healthful Medicines out of Poison and Poison out of wholsome Herbs c. so may much Truth be found out of those Fables §. 2 The Antiquity of Corruption was even from Noah's Family For the liberal Grace of God being withdrawn after Man's Fall such a perpetual Eclipse of spiritual things follow'd and produc'd such effects as the general Deluge could not cleanse them even in the selected Family of Noah wherein were found those that renewed the Defection from God for which they had seen the Worlds destruction Hence the Caldeans Egyptians and Phaenicians soon after became Idolaters and the Greeks received their 12 Gods from Egypt and erected to them Altars Images and Temples saith Herodotus §. 3 As Men departed out of the way of Truth stray on in unknown Vices to Eternal Perdition so these blind Idolaters being fallen from the God of Heaven to seek God's on Earth to Worship beginning with Men they proceed to Beasts Fouls Fishes Trees Herbs the Four Elements Winds Morning Evening Stars Yea Affections Passions Sorrow Sickness besides Spirits infernal and among Terrestrials even the basest wanted not divine Honour as Dogs Cats Swine Leeks Onions c. which barbarous Blasphemy Iuvenal thus derided O happy Nations which of their own sowing Have store of Gods in every Garden growing § 4. Of Iupiter and other Gods That Egypt had knowledge of the First Age by Misraim the Son of Cham who had lived 100 Years in it we doubt not Having therefore learned that Cain did first build Cities they made him ancient Iupiter whom the Athenians also called Pollyeus and Herceios Founder and Fortifier of Cities This Iupiter married his Sister as did Cain His Father Adam they made Saturn and his Sons Iubal Tubal and Tubal-Cain were made Mercury Vulcan and Apollo Inventers of Pastorage Smiths-craft and Musick Naome Augustine expounds Venusta which was Venus Vulcan's Wife and Eva was Rhea the Dragon which kept the Golden Apple was the Serpent that beguiled Eva. Paradise was the Garden of Hesperides So Saturn's dividing the World between Three Sons came of Noah and his Sons and Nimrod's Tower was the attempt of Giants against Heaven The Egyptians also Worshipped Seth as their most Ancient Parent from whom they called their chief Province Setheitica and in Bithinia we â—ind the City Cethia § 5. Of the Three Chief Iupiters the First was Son of Aether Dies the Second of Coelum an Arcadian and King of Athens the Third Famous in the Greek Fables was of Creet or Candia as some say but there is no certainty c. § 6. Iupiter Chammon more Ancient than all the Grecian Iupiters was Cham Father
whose Brother he was Cyrus ever after so trusted him that in his Journey to Scythia he left him to advise Cambyses his Son § 5. Cyrus after the Conquest of Lydia as it seems Invaded Scythia and taking Amorges whose Wife Spartha renewing the War took Cyrus and so by exchange recover'd her Husband He also reduc'd the Phocians and Greeks in lesser Asia being fallen off and having setled all his Provinces prepared to attempt Babylon as the height of his Designs whereto he inforced Head and Hand Cyrus having spent ten years in ordering former Purchases and preparing for Babylon knowing the strength of it being treble Walled of great heighth and surrounded with Waters unfordable and victualled for twenty years despaired to carry it by Assault or to Famish it in short time or without great and assur'd Guard considering the vast circuit of the Wall above forty eight Miles of thirty two Foot thickness and one hundred Cubits high Cyrus having considered these difficulties with the inconveniency of lying long at the Siege with such a Multitude and the doubtful Terms of Conquer'd remote Provinces with the dishonour of making shew to attempt what in probability could not be compassed contrived how to turn aside Euphrates by many Channels Balthazar in the mean time secure of any thing the Enemy could do fell to Feasting c. when the Lord of Heaven against whom he exalted himself sent a Message by a Divine Hand-writing which marred all their Mirth The execution of that fearful Sentence came on as fast when in the same night Cyrus causing the Dams between the River and his Trenches to be cut down Euphrates suddenly fail'd the City and left the Besiegers a ready entrance upon a secure People drowned in their Cups No Historian if he had been present could have better set out Babel's Calamities in that surprize than did Isaiah two hundred years before and Ieremy above seventy years whose Prophecies were now accomplish'd § 6. Cyrus his last Wars and End are diversly reported Herodotus and Iustin tell us of his Wars with the Massagets and his death by Queen Tomyris But I believe with Viginier that War was rather that which he had before with the Scythians and that Tomyris was Sparta Ctesias reports he was wounded in his War with Derbician Scythians and died three days after and by Strabo's Report he was buried in his own City Pasagardes whose Tomb Alexander the Great opened saith Curtius There is no likelihood of any such overthrow of the Persians in Scythia considering Cambyses's present Journey into Egypt and therefore I believe he died at home as Xenophon reports setting down his Oration to his Son c. § 7. Cyrus his Decree for building God's Temple was in true consideration the noblest of all his Acts as a Service to the Author of all goodness accomplishing what the Lord had promised seventy years before touching the return of the Iews c. restoring the Vessels of the Sanctuary and re-building the House of God Yet was the Work hindred all the days of Cyrus by the Samaritans and Governours of the Provinces who wrought upon Cambyses in his Father's days and after upon suggestion that it was a Rebellious City c. He Reigned thirty or one and thirty Years § 8. Cyrus had two Sons Cambyses and Smerdis Three Daughters Atossa and Meroe whom Cambyses their Brother Married and Aristona Wife to Darius Hystaspes as was Atossa after Cambyses's death Codman mistakes her for Hester because she was called Hadasa but nearness of Names confounds not the Person where the one was the known Daughter of Cyrus the other a Iew who though a while she concealed her Kindred yet she after discovered it c. CHAP. IV. Of the Persian Affairs from Cyrus to Darius § 1. THE Persian Kings are diversly numbred but Eusebius and most Latin Authors follow the Greeks Krentzheim hath refelled all the other and Beucer maketh it good by Scripture Cyrus Reign'd in all thirty years nam'd 2 Chron. 36. and Ezra 1.1 and elsewhere Cambyses with the Magi eight years named in Daniel 11.2 Darius Hystaspes Ezr. 4.5 he Reigned thirty six then Xerxes twenty one years plainly set out Dan. 11.2 Artaxeres Longintanus forty years Ezr. 4.7 called also Artasta Ezra 4.7 and 7.7 Darius Northis nineteen years Ezra 4.24 and 5.6 Nehem. 12.22 Artaxeres Mriemon forty three years Nehem. 2.1 Father to Artaxerxes Octius and Arsames in whom the Line of Cyrus ended Octius Reigned twenty two years Arsames three Darius the last was of another Family and Reigned six years All these are by Eusebius fitted to the Olympiad § 2. Cambyses succeeded his Father like him only in desire to increase the Empire In the fifth year of his sole Reign the third of the sixty third Olympiad he Invaded Egypt for that Amà sis denied him his Daughter but Psamneticus Reigning after is slain by Cambyses six Months after Amasis's death others give him six years § 3. Cambyses also forced Evelthon King of Cyprus to submit he destroyed the Egyptian Images and Temples and sent to do the like to Iupiter Ammon in Lybia but the Devil by a Storm oppressed them with Sand yet himself attempted it after in vain he also slew Apis the Egyptian Bull. But shortly after upon a Dream that his Brother sate upon his Throne he procured Praxaspes his Favourite to kill him Intending to Marry his Sisters he asked his Judges what Law permitted it who answered Persian Kings are Lawless Yet he caused Sisanus a Corrupt Judge to be flaied alive covering the Judges Seat with the Skin and put his Son into the Office He shot Praxaspes's Son in the Heart to shew his Father the Wine he delighted in had not taken away his Wits Mounting his Horse in haste to Persia hearing of Semendis a Magus upon likeness to his Brother usurped the Crown his Sword falling out gave him his death's wound He Built Babylon in Egypt where Latopolis had stood and Meroe in Nilus by his Sisters Name whom he slew for weeping for Smerdis § 4. The Seven Princes descend from Achaemenes's discovering the Fraud of the Imposture with joyned Forces rooted him out and after Consultation whether Popular Government or a few Choice Men or Regal were best the Resolution was to make him King whose Horse should Neigh first after the Sun-Rising Darius one of them Consulting with Oebarus Master of his Horse caused his Horse to cover a Mare in the Suburbs the Night before who coming the next Morning by that place with the rest made Darius Emperor by his Horse Neighing first CHAP. V. Of Darius the Son of Hystaspes § 1. DArius came of the second Race of Achaemenes thus Cyrus the First begat Teispius who begat Arianes Father of Arsanes who accompanied Cyrus in Scythia where Cyrus upon a Dream grew Jealous of Darius but afterwards he followed Cambyses into Egypt Married two of Cyrus's Daughters Reyneccius gives Hystaspes five Sons Herodotus four § 2. Darius made many
twenty seven days after with lamentable effect § 9. The Athenians after this loss had also their Subjects abroad rebellious and which recovered their long lost Liberty At home also the principal Citizens wearied with the Peoples Insolency changed the Government procuring the Captains abroad to set up an Aristocracy in the Towns of their Confederacy as four hundred usurped it at home But the Army at Samos disliked that usurpation and Alcibiades who was fâ—ed from the Lacedemonians who had honour'd him much till his Virtue had bred him Envy and was with Tissaphernes the Persian Vice-Roy with whom he was grown into such Favour as he persuaded him to stay his Favour to the Lacedemonians Yet his Revocation was not confirmed at Athens 'till the four hundred wearied with the Troubles of the Times and not prevailing with Sparta for Peace resigned their Authority to Five thousand which had been their Assistants who presently agreed to the revocation of him and his Companions § 10. After this Alcibiades joining with the Athenian Fleet after an Overthrow of the Lacedemonian Fleet commanded by Mindarus took Cyzicus Perinthus Chalcedon Bizantium and with this Honour returned to Athens where he was made High-Admiral But upon a loss of a great part of his Fleet by his Lieutenant in his Absence fighting contrary to his Commandment he was again forced to banish himself to a greater loss to Athens than before § 11. After this also the Athenians Ships in a discomfiture were forced into the Haven of Mytelene where they were beset so that Athens were compelled to Man all their Vessels to relieve them at Argamusae yet the ten Captains which had the Victory of the Lacedemonians were condemned at Athens unjustly as after appeared § 12. Lysander with the Peloponesian Fleet Besieged Lapsacus the Athenian Fleet of an hundred Eighty Sail came too late to relieve it and then put in at Sestos and after at Aeges-Potamos from whence they daily braved Lysander not a League off and return to Ages Potamos from whence the Men used to go by Land to Sestos leaving the Ships Alcibiades lived near and saw their negligent endangering the Ships and gave them warning which they regarded not so Lysander came suddainly on them and overthrew them went to Athens with Pausanias and Agis the Two Kings of Sparta and Summoned the City which refused 'till Famin Forced which fell on them by the Lacedemonians taking the Islands from them which used to relieve them So all her Subject Cities are freed the Wall to the Port cast down her Government restrained to her own Territories and she to use but Twelve Ships and to follow Sparta in all Wars And so ended the Peloponesian War after twenty seven years Her only hope of Recovery was in Alcibiades whose death the Lacedemonians procured Lacedemon abusing this good Success grew Odious so that many Cities of Greece combined against her and Thebes under the leading of Epaminondas who trained up Philip of Macedonia gave her a great Foil CHAP. IX Matters concurring with this War and a while after § 1. PERSIA after had Artaxerxes Xerxes the Second and after him Sogdianus his Brother who seem to be the Sons of Hester but one year whom Darius Notbus succeeded who slew Sogdianus as he had his Brother Xerxes He reigned Nineteen years Amyrtaeus an Egyptian Allyed himself with Greece overthrew the Persian Garrisons in Egypt and Reigned while Darius assisting the Lacedemonians with Money by the Overthrow of Athens recover'd what had been lost in Asia the lesser over which he made Cyrus his younger Son Lieutenant but upon some dislike intended to have dealt sharply with him had not Death prevented § 2. Athens after her Overthrow had Thirty Governours called Tyrants chosen to execute the Law with supreme Authority These contriving to retain that Power put certain Seditious Fellows to death without Law which all Men approved considering their Lewdness but not that it might prove their own case if their Governours please to call them Seditious as it fell out For their Thirty sent to Lacedemon to desire a Garrison pretending to cut off the Seditious but by entertaining the Captain to his liking they grew bold with the Chief Citizens and shed much Blood Theramenes one of them shewing his dislike after they had chosen Three thousand Citizens of their liking to assist in the Government with priviledge in question of Death to be tryed by Law and not at Commandment of the Thirty they call Theramenes in question as without the priviledge and put him to death § 3. After this the Tyrants Out-rage made many good Citizens fly to Thebes where Thrasybulus and about Seventy more resolve to free Athens of the Tyrants and take Phyla a strong place in the Territory of Athens which the Tyrants in vain sought to recover their strength encreasing to a Thousand with which they got Pyraeus the Suburbs of Athens on the Port and slew Seventy of the Three Thousand which came to expect them and Critias the chief Tyrant The Tyrants send for Aid to Sparta and Lysander is sent with Forces and Pausanias followed not to overthrow Thrasybulus but after some shew to work Peace which he did sending the Thirty and others that were the cause of the Tumult to Sparta CHAP. X. Cyrus the Younger his Expedition into Persia. § 1. ARtaxerxes Mnemon or the mindful succeeded in Persia Established by his Father who also at his Mother Parasali's earnest intreaty pardoned his Brother Cyrus's aspiring and Established him Vice-Roy in Lydia and those parts § 2. Cyrus after such Disgrace from his Brother who spared his Life only for his Mothers importunity of whose Favour he presumed knowing also the Affections of his People and presuming upon the Lacedemonians formerly aided by him thought his Interest to the Crown worth prosecuting He sends to Sparta which commands their Admiral to be at his command he seized on some Towns subject to Tissaphernes furnished the Grecian Captains with Money to List Souldiers to be at his Command then making a shew of Besieging Miletus he calls over his Grecian Forces and suddainly set forward toward Persia. § 3. Tissaphernes posting to the Court his News caus'd great Exclamations and Fear in which the King gathered his Army of Nine hundred Thousand with which yet he durst not venture the Tryal The Greeks which follow Cyrus are with difficulty allured over Euphrates c. but being over resolved to find out Artaxerxes who was retiring to the utmost Border of his Kingdom had not Teribazus one of his Captains dissuaded him § 4. Cyrus with his Army of One hundred thousand drawing toward his Brother who had Intrenched Forty Miles in Length Thirty Foot broad and Eighteen deep and yet left it at length when he thought he had been fled was forced suddenly to Arm. The Greeks not used to incounter such Multitudes began to distrust their own Courage yet upon the On-set found they had to do with so many contemptible Cowards
Souldiers but was taken and slain in Greece to Alexander's great Joy Great discontentment grew in his Army knowing his purpose to send his decay'd Souldiers to Macedon and to detain the rest whom he labour'd to pacify in vain 'till their Passions were evaporated when the inconsiderate Multitude may be led as a Whale with a twined Thread is drawn to Land after some tumbling Craterus is sent with those which were Licensed to return and made Lieutenant of Macedon Thrace and Thessaly which place Antipater now sent for by the King had held with great Fidelity Antipater could see no reason of his removal but a disposition in the King to send him after Parmenio With this Antipater the King for all his great courage had no great Appetite to grapple for Jealous Princes do not always stand in doubt of every ill affected though Valiant Man but where there is a Kingly Courage compounded of Hardiness and Understanding this is often so fearful to Kings as they take leave both of Law and Religion to free themselves of such Alexander after this went to Media to set things in Order where Hephestion his greatest Favourite dyed on whose Monument he bestowed Twelve thousand Talents The King took Methods to make all Men weary of his Government seeing Cruelty is more fearful than any Adventure that can be made against it Antipater therefore came not nor sent any Excuse but free'd himself by his Sons Cassander Philip and Lollaus who waited on the King's Cup. These at a drinking Feast in a Carouse in Hercules's Cup gave him a Draught of Drink stronger than Hercules himself so he quitted the World within a few days Princes seldom find advantage by making their Ministers over-great and thereby suspicious to themselves For he which doth not acknowledge Fidelity to be a Debt but that Kings ought to purchase it of their Vassals will never please himself with the Price given only the Restorative indeed that strengthens it is the Goodness and Vertue of the Prince and his Liberality makes it more diligent Antipater had Govern'd two or three Kingdoms Twelve years and peradventure knew not to play another part as Caesar which forgot the Art of Obedience after long governing the Gauls § 23. Alexander's Cruelty and Pride is inexcusable his Drunkenness no less Augustine justly derided his lamenting want of Employment when he should have no more to Conquer as if well to Govern the Conquered would not sufficiently busie his Brain His Valour a Thousand in his Army Matched His Liberality Seneca Taxeth and his Speech about a Kings gift is Foolish Compared with other troublers of the World Caesar and others after more glorious for he never undertook Warlike Nations CHAP. III. Aridaeus his Reign after Alexander ALexander in his stubborn Pride refused to establish any Successor esteeming none Worthy and the greatest Ambition of his Followers Learned of their Master to endure no Equals a Lesson soon taken out by Spirits reflecting upon their own Worth wanting the Reverence of a greater Object Thus the Question of the Succession became difficult Alexander having no Issue but by Barsinoe a Persian and Roxane of mean Condition both excepted against as of Conquered Nations Ptolomy the Son of Philip who gave his Mother Barsinoe great with Child to Lagus is of opinion the Rule should rest in the Captains to order it by Voices Aristonus another Captain propounded Perdicas as designed Successor by Alexander who at the point of death left his Kingdom to the worthiest and delivered his Ring to him who had succeeded his Favourite Hephestion in Favour and Place he being urged by many to take the Royal Estate upon him not content with the Souldiers acclamation of a counterfeit Modesty put it off looking that every one of the Princes would intreat him that so his Acceptance might be the less Envied But as he which feigns a sleep may be eaten with a Wolf so Meleager his Enemy took advantage of his Irresolution and acted against him concluded that whoever were Heir to the Crown the Souldiers ought to Inherit the Treasure to that which he invited them who were nothing backward in sharing it § 2. Aridaeus a Natural Brother of Alexander in this Uproar is named by some one liked by many and produced and commended by Meleager to the Army which changeth his Name to Philip investeth him in Alexander's Robes and proclaims him King contrary to the Mind of many of the Nobles who yet by the intercession of the Ancient Captains are reconciled though neither side meant faithfully For Meleager now Governing the King who was no wiser than Alexander's Chair in which he fate attempted to kill Perdicas who understanding of their coming which are sent to do it rebuked them with such Gravity that they departed honester than they came The Camp hearing of this Attempt fell into an Uproar which the King their Creature could not appease 'till offered to resign unto them so upon the King's motion after sundry Embassies between him and his Nobles Meleager is joined with Leonatus and Perdicas in Government of the Army so much Love is protested where none is meant For presently after upon Rumors against Perdicas purposely raised as if they proceeded from Meleager to make him guilty of seditious Rumours if he should give way thereto He to prevent the danger persuades Perdicas to a general Muster for cleansing the Army by punishing seditious Persons and other Offenders not in the least intending his special Friends and such as followed him when he disturbed the Election of a King by calling away Souldiers to the sharing of the Treasure The manner of this Muster is solemn having the Horsemen among whom the King must ride the Elephants the Macedonian Foot and Mercenaries set in Batalia in distinct parties so as to skirmish by way of Exercise The Macedonian Pikes called the Phalanx led by Meleager is placed at disadvantage and so charged by the Horse-men and Elephants as afforded no jesting and the King being now in Perdicas's possession must command to be delivered to death such of the Infantry as Perdicas required Thus Three hundred of Meleager's Friends and Followers are cast to the Elephants to be slain and Meleager flying to a Temple for Sanctuary having too late discovered the Design was there also slain The Princes held a new Counsel divide the Provinces among themselves leave Aridaeus the Office of a Visitor and Perdicas his Protector and Commander of his Forces and gave Aridaeus a Captain the Charge to bury the Corps of Alexander at Alexandria in Egypt Alexander in his life time knowing the factious quality of the Greeks had commanded that all the banished should be restored thinking by them to have a sure Party in every City but by that proud Injunction contrary to their Laws lost the Hearts of the rest who esteemed it a beginning of open Tyranny The Athenians and Aetolians who oppos'd this Decree upon Alexander's Death Proclaim War against the Macedonians and
having been trained up in the Art of War by Cyna a Warlike Woman The Souldiers disappoint her and Pithon who hoped to have been intreated by them to hold and chose Antipater who in a few days arrived at the Camp with his Army and took it upon him as the only powerful Man then living of all Alexander's Captains whom all acknowledge their Superior Antipater taketh the King Queen and Princess into Macedon leaving Antigonus General of the Royal Army against Eumenes and Ruler of Asia during the War and besides his former Provinces gave him the Rule of Susiana § 11. Antigonus Lieutenant of Asia being to subdue Eumenes Alcetus and Attalus began with Eumenes seeking to Corrupt his Army by Letters but failed therein by Eumenes's cunning who made shew as if he writ them to try their faith to him Then Antigonus dealt with the Captains of which one brake out untimely and another called Apollonides held close 'till the Battle and then turned to Antigonus with such of the Horse-men as he could persuade being their General but Eumenes overtook him and cut him off though he lost the Battle Eumenes not able to keep the Field wished his Men to shift for themselves and retained only five hundred Horse and two hundred Foot with which he tired Antigonus in following At last he entred Nora a strong and well provided Fort bordering on Cappadocia where they parted without agreeing so Antigonus leaveth Nora besieged and with his other Forces entred Pisidia and overthrew Alcetus § 12. Ptolomy while other Princes were quiet in their Government sent an Army and won Syria and Phaenicia and took Laomedon the Governour thereof Prisoner Antipater being Eighty Years Old reposing great Confidence in Polyspercon one of Alexanders most Ancient Captains committed to him the Protectorship and Government of Macedon doubting his Son Cassander's sufficiency he also gave charge that no Woman should be admitted into the Administration of the Empire and so dyed § 13. Polysâ—ercon's skill was greater in War than in the high Office he now undertook being a man of an Inferior Wit fitter to assist than command in Chief The better to Countenance his Injunctions to the Governours of Provinces he and his Council thought fit to call the Queen of Olympias to Court whom Antipater suffered not in Macedon But Cassander Son of Antipater who thought himself the better Man was not satisfyed with the Captainship of a Thousand his Ambition soared high when he considered the Love of those which commanded the Garrisons and all the Rulers in the Cities so of Greece so placed by his Father Besides he had that Interest in Queen Euridice that was due only to her Husband all which would not serve to bear out an open Rebellion Cassander therefore finding what Ptolomy had done in Syria and what Antigonus aimed at since Antipater's death for whose sake he presumed upon them and seeing their occasions needed a Civil War he went to Antigonus in Asia and writ to Ptolomy § 14. Polyspercon upon Cassander's departure to disappoint him of his hopes from Greece decreed in Council to restore the popular Government in their Cities and discharge the Garrisons and Banish or kill the Governours placed by Antipater Thus he dishonours the Man that raised him overthrew worthy Men placed as Friends to the State of Macedon and gives away Macedon's Command of Greece if he means as he pretends c. § 15. Athens by this Decree in all haste cast out their Governours Phocion and others who fly for their Lives but cannot remove the Garrison commanded by Nicanor a trusty Friend to Cassander He possessing one of the Havens found means to take the other called Paraeus to their great discouragement but by Alexander the Son of Polyspercon coming with an Army are wholly misled as if he came to aid them whereas he came to get what Nicanor held if he could persuade him thereto Phocion and his Fellows fly to Polyspercon for Patronage but he finding he could not get the Key of Athens as he fought without offending the other Towns of Greece to cover his intent as meaning well to Athens he sent Phocion back into Athens who wickedly put him to death being above Eighty Years old who had been chosen forty five times Governour without seeking it whose Integrity was approved whose Counsel the City never repented nor private Man for trusting him Philip and Alexander honoured him but could fasten no Gifts upon him Athens never after bred a worthy Man § 16. Cassander with such Forces as Antigonus lent him entred Pireus which drew Polyspercon headlong into Attica with an Army but for want of Victuals departed leaving Alexander with some Forces to hindeâ— Nicanor 'till he in Peloponesus attempted Megalopolis which affected Cassander But the Town furnished with Fifteen thousand able Men was so defended and his Elephants so galled in their Feet with Nails driven through Boards laid and lightly covered in the Way that he prevailed not and wanting Provision to stay long he forsook the Siege After this his Admiral Clitus after an Overthrow given to Nicanor in Propontis is in the second Encounter Antigonus having furnished Nicanor utterly defeated which made Athens submit to Cassander as did other Cities § 17. Antigonus lying before the Fort Nora when he heard of Antipater's death knowing Eumenes's sufficiency and fidelity to Perdicas thought no Man fitter to be employed in his designs He sent therefore a Friend to them both to deal with him to take an Oath of Fidelity to Antigonus which he refused except Olympias and the Children of Alexander were put in which was yielded to so he departed Antigonus had before this taken on him as Lieutenant of Asia to remove Governours of Provinces as Aridaeus of Phrygia and Clitus of Lydia which repaired to the Court for Relief but all failed in Clitus's overthrow at Sea § 18. Antigonus now commanding the most of the Lesser Asia was able to enter Macedon and seize the Court but doubted the Reconciliation of Cassander and Polyspercon thereby he also knew Eumenes's fidelity to the Royal Blood Against him therefore he bent with Twenty thousand Foot and Four thousand Horse hoping to surprize him in Cilicia Eumenes a Thracian of all the old Souldiers was only faithful to the Royal Blood the Court therefore gave him Commission to raise an Army against Antigonus requiring the Provincials to assist and the old Silver-shield-bands to follow him § 19. Olympias the Old Queen intending to remove Aridaeus and place Alexander Son of Roxane joining with Polyspercon enters Macedon taketh Euridice and Aridaeus forsaken of all that followed her at the sight of Olympias both are Murdered and a hundred of Cassander's Friends with Nicanor his Brother § 20. Cassander lying at the Siege of Tegea in Peloponesus hearing these ill Tidings compounded with Tegea and shipt his Army into Thessaly the Aetolians keeping the Streights of Thermopylae by Land in favour of the Queen Cassander leaveth Callas with part
slew him Goes into Persia Peucestes entertain'd him obsequiously but lost his place § 9. Antigonus visiting Seleuchus in Babylon hath Kingly Entertainment and Susa's Castle with the Persian Treasure and Riches yet calls for a further Accompt Seleuchus doubts the meaning of his Friend of whom he never deserved well and so fled to Ptolomy in Egypt CHAP. V. Civil Wars between Alexander's Captains § 1. ANtigonus's Riches and Power made him formidable and caused Ptolomy Cassander and Lysimachus to combine against him notwithstanding his Embassadours by whom he intreated the continuance of their Amity In their Answer they require a share of the Eastern Treasure increase of Cassander and Lysimachus's Dominions and restoring of Seleuchus He roundly replyed that he would share his Victories with them who afforded him no succour and injoy'd what they had thereby being by his Arms freed from Polyspercon § 2. Antigonus prepareth for War Guards the Sea Coast to hinder Cassander and invaded Syria setting Workmen on Lybanus to build a Navy takes Ioppa and Gaza and forces Tyrus by Famine to yield upon Condition that Ptolomy's Souldiers might depart with their Armies Ptolomy kept close in his Country not being able to Incounter the other in the Field but sent a Fleet of One Hundred Sail with Sâ—leuchus to strengthen Cyprus by which also Caria held by another Cassander took a Resolution to hold out § 3. Greece was desired on both sides as an aid of much Importance where Antigonus by his Treasures gained the Lacedemonians and others of Peloponesus He also sought to make Cassander odious for the Death of Olympias and Imprisoneth Roxane and her Son forcing Thessalonica building Cassandria and re-edifying Thebes in spite of Philip and Alexander Upon these Reasons he required the Army to declare Cassander a Traitor except he restored Roxane and her Son and submitted to the Lieutenant General himself and that all the Cities of Greece should be set free His regard of the Royal Blood was not soon to be abated but 't was the Liberty of Greece which induced Ptolomy to decree the like Antigonus to make sure work gave Alexander Son of Polyspercon Five Hundred Talents to make War in Peloponesus But he at the persuasion of one sent from Cassander kept the Treasure and had the Lordship of Peloponesus put into his hand making a League with Ptolomy and Cassander But this Honour he enjoy'd not long being slain by the Treason of the Sycionians hoping thereby to become free but were subdued by Crâ—tisipolis his Wife c. § 4. Antigonus with his Five Hundred Talents having bought an Enemy stirred up the Factious Aetolians but Cassander curbed them and won from them Ptolomy's Fleet Commanded by Polyclitus who upon Alexander's defect from Antigonus left Peloponesus and returned homewards hearing of the Rhodian Fleet led by Theodatus Admiral to Antigonus he cunningly surprized it not one escaping This ill News brought Antigonus and Ptolomy to meet about some composition but to no effect § 5. Lysimachus Overthrew Seuthes a King of the wild Thracians with the Cities which Rebelled and slew Pausanias and took his Army sent by Antigonus Philip also Lieutenant of Cassander wasted the Aetolians and drove most out of their Country and slew Aeacides King of Epirus lately Restored Antigonus in the mean time won Caria sent Armies into Peloponesus and other parts of Grâ—ecâ— bestowing Liberty on whom he took and making shew to come over into Macedon forc't Cassander to hast thereto and to leave many places weakly Guarded which his Army freed § 6. Antigonus's Presence in lesser Asia gave life to his Affairs there and in Greece but Ptolomy took advantage of his Absence in Syria visited Cyprus recover'd it and left a Lieutenant in it and in return made Ravage in Caria and Cilicia and drew Demetrius Policartes Son of Antigonus to the rescue and departed to Egypt where with Seleuchus he raised a Royal Army for recovery of Syria Demetrius being return'd and hearing of Ptolomy's coming is advised to give way and not to Encounter two such Generals but he rejects the Council as a cold Temper of aged Men and will needs stand them at Gaza Ptolomy hath the odds but wanted Elephants which â—e supplied with a Palisade sharpned to gall the Beasts and Overthrew Demetrius who fled to Azotus Thirty Miles off Won Gaza and the best part of Syria § 7. Seleuchus Nicanor now took leave of Ptolomy with Eight Hundred Foot and Two Hundred Horse too small a Garrison to keep much less to win one of those great Cities in the East but Men enough to enter where the Hearts of the Inhabitants are already gain'd Seleuchus's Name whose Government the Babylonians had found so good was sufficient to them to put all the resistance upon Antigonus Men wishing them ill to speed The defection grew so general that the Antigonians durst stay in no strong Town only they held a Castle full of Hostages and Prisoners which Seleuchus took and so the Possession of Mesopotamia and Babel Nicanor left in Media by Antigonus with an Army came with Ten Thousand Foot and Seven Thousand Horse Seleuchus having but Four Hundred Horse and above Three Thousand Foot drew them into a Marsh near Tygris which Nicanor thinking to be a flight grew less careful to Fortiâ—ie his Camp and so was surprized the first Night and lost all with Susiana and Media Now began the Aera or Date of the Greeks used by the Iews Chaldeans and Syrians whose first Compleat Year at Babylon was accounted from the end of the 438th of Nabonasser saith Gauricus § 8. Ptolomy having taken Gaza sent Demetrius all his Goods Pages and Servants freely with a courteous Message that their War was upon Terms of Honour not Personal hatred This inflam'd Demetrius's earnest desire of Requital which made him gather all the Force he could and send to his Father for supply against which Ptolomy sent Cilles with part of his Army which was suddenly Surpriz'd by Demetrius through Cilles's careless Marching as against a beaten remnant Thus Demetrius repaired his Honour and requited his Enemy by restoring Cilles and many other Friends with rich Presents Antigonus hasteth into Syria to embrace his Son and perfect the recovering of it upon his Son's Foundation but Ptolomy now at leisure returns to Egypt Dismantling the Principal Cities as he went thus all fell to Antigonus presently So easily did the Provinces accept strange Lords as Sheep and Oxen change Masters having no Title to their own Heads These People of Syria Egypt Babylon Assyria Persia were of no such manly Temper as at this time the States of Greece were who took all occasion to recover Liberty which these little esteemed So that the Persian Nobles never strove to recover Liberty after Alexander's Death but tamely submitted to the Captains and Officers of the Army The Reason hereof Machivel gives from the Form of Government For where the Subjects are kept as Slaves as in Turkey a
unprosperous than that of Generals besides the Rapes Slaughters Devastations c. which are so hateful to God That were not the Mercies of God infinite as Monluc Marshal of France confessed it were in vain for those of his profession to hope for any portion thereof such Cruelties being permitted or committed by them And true it is that as the Victories obtained by so many of the greatest Commanders are commonly ascribed either to Fortune or to their Followers or Cowardize of the vanquished so the most whose Virtues have raised them above all Envy have in the end been rewarded either with Disgrace Banishment or Death as Examples both of the Romans and Grecians Witness § 3. Philip well perceiving the Romans aimed at his Kingdom repented himself of his Obsequiousness to them Yet was in ill Condition to help himself having been beaten by them his People unwilling to deal with them and no Friends to assist him Yeâ— Necessity the Mother of Invention made him resolved to remove the Inhabitants of his Maritime Towns to Emathia and people them with Thracians that feared not the Romans He also designed to draw the Bacternae an hardy Nation beyond Danubius into Dardania and to root out the Dardanians always troublesome to Macedon But this device took slow effect and was hindred divers ways His Subjects removed against their Will broke into words which his cruel Nature seeking to repress by putting many unto Death increased to exclamation which inflamed him barbarously to Massacre their Children After this the Furies enter his own House and Vengeance was poured upon him from Heaven in his own Children as was thought by the jealousie he had of Demetrius his Younger Son and the fear Prusius had of him for his Interest in the Romans Affections Wicked Instruments are not wanting who counterfeit a Letter from Quintius to Philip intreating for Demetrius with an intimation of his ambitious Desire against his Brother Prusius One Didas also to whom he was committed by Philip pretending Friendship to him sounded him and told the King that he meant to flye to the Romans who would not fail him So the Father without any examination commanded his unhappy Son to be Murdered and after upon his Cousin Antigonus his searching found out the Contrivance too late Hereupon he intended to confer the Kingdom upon Antigonus but Death prevented it § 4. Perseus succeeded his Father who had Reigned Forty two Years he thought it not expedient to imbroil himself so soon with the Roman War but to settle his Dominions and therefore to prevent danger slew Antigonus Then to get his Subjects Affections he sate in Judgment and made them many publick Shows and to win the Romans he sent and renewed the League Masanissa had heretofore taken the Country of Emporia from Carthage and about this time he took other Land from them by force about Seventy Towns and Castles of which when the Carthaginians complained by their Embassadours prostrate with Tears before the Senate desiring Right or Liberty to defend themselves against him or at least to know how far Masanissa should be allowed to proceed And if none of these would be granted that then the Senate it self would inflict upon them what they thought meet rather than to keep them in continual fear of this Numidian Hangman See the fruits of their Envy against that valiant Family of the Barchines and of the Roman Peace desired by Hanno which hath made them Slaves to the Servants of the Numidian whose Fathers they had used to sell over Africk and Greece Their Answer was gentle but without effect and Masanissa hath a mild rebuke Perseus is not yet brought into such a Yoke but must be for he is questioned for taking up Arms without their leave though to subdue his own Rebels After the same manner they dealt with Greece And of all others with the Achaeans who presumed most on their Favour So that all saw that the Roman Patronage tended to nothing but the bondage of Greece This gave Perseus hopes to find a Party there as indeed he did though it little availed him § 5. Eumenes King of Pergamus hated Perseus exceedingly not only for an Hereditary quarrel with Macedon but for that he perceived the Greeks began to favour him more than himself whom they seemed to neglect for being over serviceable to Rome For Redress hereof he thought it not hard to induce the Romans utterly to overthrow the Macedonian Kingdom which the Greeks now adored to which end he took a second Journey to Rome where he laboured to provoke the Fathers against Perseus which needed not though yet they heard him willingly that their Pretence of War might have the fairer shew as proceeding from the information of such a King come on purpose so far as out of Asia The Rhodians also were there with the Macedonian Embassadours to answer with matter of recrimination that Eumenes had provoked the Lycians to Rebel against the Rhodians Careless Audience was given to the Rhodians for their Friendly Office in conveying Laodice the Daughter of Antiochus to Perseus and their Answer is that the Lycians were assigned to Rhodes not as Vassals but Associates Thus their Subjects are become their Fellows Masanissa and the Aetolians whose Subjects were not increased by the Romans or by the Cities and Peo +ple bestowed upon them after Antiochus's Overthrow but their Friends had cause to resent this Decree The Macedonian Embassadours were heard not so carelesly as angerly being glad that Harpatus the chief Embassadour had by violent Speeches given them cause of anger And though Perseus his faint Heart was not sit to threaten Yet now he might think to get more by a little Bravery than submission seeing the Eyes of all Greece were set upon him for a Delivery from the Roman Servitude And it seems Perseus was not very cautious of offending them when he hired three or four Ruâ—â—ians to Murder Eumenes in his return from Worshiping at Delphos whom they had left for Dead though he recovered The Report of his Death made Attalus his Brother to take upon him as King and would have taken Stratonica his Wife as a matter of State had not Eumenes's coming home put a stop to it All which Eumenes only checked with wishing him not to Marry with the Queen till he was sure the King was Dead who then bequeathed her to him The Senate upon these occasions Decree War and send Embassadours to require satisfaction or to denounce it which Perseus slights calling the Romans greedy and insolent commanding them to depart This present heat was too much he wanting constant resolution which he neglected in hope of Peace § 6. Rome had now fair occasion of War with Macedon which though it had been long sought yet the preparation for War was to seek and the want of it helped to sound the disposition of Greece which they solicite by Embassadours with better terms than Threatnings though they durst not but promise aid to them
Passage over Olympus was as difficult now as then So that Aemilius fell to enquire and found a Passage over Olympus but narrow leading to Perrabia difficult of Ascent but slenderly Guarded either not found or not attempted by Martius whose Men being tryed in getting over Ossa would hardly adventure such another But Paulus was a far more able Commander and had Taught them better than to question a Generals Command and made choice of five Thousand for the Enterprize whom he committed to his two Adopted Sons Scipio Aemilianus and Quintus Fabius Maximus These two the better to conceal their Journey over the Mountains Marched out another way till Night came and the Consul made shew as if he would have set upon Perseus and gain a Passage over Enipeus to divert him from the business intended so that Scipio and Fabius having forced the small Guard got in three Days over and were not discovered till the Guard which fled were come to the Camp Then was all in a Tumult and the King most of all amazed hasteth to Pydna where he consults whether he should Fortifie some Town or put all to the hazard of a Battle which latter though the worst is resolved upon and that which the Consul wished The King chose the place near Pydna whither the Consul came but made a stand till a place for the Camp were Intrenched and the Souldiers refreshed after Marching though both sides thought it long especially the Romans feared lest the King should remove further off That Evening was the Consul told by a Tribune of an Ecclipse of the Moon that Night and the Natural cause of it who was contented it should be Published in the Camp to prevent their Fear Superstition captivates the Wise where the help of true Religion is wanting Aemilius as soon as the Moon recovered her Light Congratulated her with a Sacrifice for which Plutarch calls him a Godly Man And the next Morning he made another to Hercules about which much of the Day was spent before the Grecian partial God gave a good sign to the Entrals of the Sacrifice so that on Day neither side had any great desire to Fight Yet after ten of the Clock upon a light occasion of watring of Horses two or three of each side fell to Blows and Parties came in so fast that both the Generals were forced to put their Men in order of Battel and after an Oration set them together But Perseus used the shift of a Coward to leave his Men and withdraw himself to Pydna pretending Sacrifice which being unseasonable proved him an Hypocritical Coward He sped accordingly for returning he found it little better than lost but got the Honour to be present that he might run away with his Men leaving Twenty Thousand Foot slain in the Field while he recovered Pella from which he fled in â—he Night for fear of his own Peopâ—e and came to Amphipolis but was glad to beâ— gon by Sea with his Treasure to Samothrace The Head having forsaken the Body little Sense was left or Strength to stand all the Kingdom fell presently into the Conquerours hand â—â—ile the King taketh Sanctuary with his Treasure Wife and Children in Samothrace and after base Suit to the Consul endeavours to escape in a Cretian Ship which having taken in much of his Treasure set Sail and left him in the lurch in the end he was forced to yield himself and all into the Consuls hand and so made the Conquest compleat Being before the Consul he meanly prostrated himself so that he seemed to dishonour the Victory as obtained upon a Man of so base a Condition Thus ended the Macedonian Kingdom after a War of Four Years and the Glory of the World was Translated to Rome § 9. Gentius King of Illyria with fifteen Thousand Men at Lyssus ready to assist Perseus upon Receipt of the Mony promised was attack'd by Anicius the Roman Praetor who drove him into Scodra or Sutary where after a while he yielded himself and all his Men to the Roman Praetor who ended that War in Thirty days § 10. Rome swelling with the Pride of her Fortune called the Rhodian Embassadours whom they threaten as Parties with Macedon whose Cause they had presumed to undertake And though they Congratulated the Victory Deprecated their Folly and their Citizens had put to Death or sent Prisoners to Rome all the chief Men of the Macedonian Faction yet War had been Proclaimed against them but for Cato who said it would be judged rather a Quarrel at their Wealth than any just cause considering also what Friends they had been to Rome in former Wars Macedon was divided into four Quarters and each prohibited Commerce with other Their Laws abrogated new given and all the Nobles sent into Italy and the Tribute lessened by half which was the best part of the Liberty Rome used to give Greece must now bear her Yoke and all that can be found not only Associates with Perseus but good Patriots which were not held serviceable to Rome were sent to Rome and there clapt up of which sort a Thousand were sent out of Achaea and Polybius among them This was the Virtue of the Roman Oath and League Epirus was more barbarously dealt with and given to the Souldiers to Plunder for their Pay to save the Macedonian Treasure whole So in one day seventy Cities of the Roman Confederates were Plundered by the Companies put into them in Peace only to Quarter and One Hundred and Fifty Thousand made Slaves which act of Aemilius stained his other Virtues § 11. Antiochus the Great dyed in the Thirty sixth Year of his Reign Seleuchus his Eldest Son succeeded Twelve Years whom Daniel described Three Hundred Years before Onias being then High Priest Mac. 3. The First Book of Maccabees ends An. 167 of the Syrian Kings the Second Book ends the 151 Year Antiochus Epiphanes succeedes his Brother in Syria An. 137 whose death he procured Ptolomeus Epiphanes after twenty four Years left Egypt to his Son Ptolomeus Philometor so called by the Rule of contraries for Murdering his Mother he was hated by his Subjects and rebelled against by his Brother Ptolomy Phiscon who got possession of Alexandria upon which contention Antiochus Epiphanes his Uncle thought to possess that Kingdom under pretence of protecting the Young Prince Antiochus's proceedings herein and at Ierusalem are Recorded 1. Mac. 1. About the beginning of the Macedonian War when besides the Spoil of Egypt he took all Coelosyria and sold the High Priests place to Iason thrust out Onias and after sold it to Manelaus who procured Onias being fled into the Sanctuary at Daphus by Antioch to be Murdered 2 Mac. 4. Onias his taking protection of Apollo and Diana seemed allowed by the Author which argues the Book to be Apocryphal His Second Expedition into Egypt 2 Mac. 1. was foreshewn by prodigious Signs in the Air for forty days together and was occasioned by the unexpected agreement of the Brethren which
Heathens concerning God 31 8. Heathenism and Iudaism when destroy'd 32 9. Satans last Refuge 33 CHAP. VII Of Noah's Flood § 1 2 3. God's forewarning of it neither Ogyges's Flood nor that of Ducalion nor that of the Umbri was Noah's 34 35 3 4. Some Records of the Vniversal Island Noah's Flood supernatural ibid. 6. No need of new Created Waters What the Chataracts of Heaven are ibid. 8 9 10. Noah's Memory among the Heathen His Ark was of sufficient capacity rested upon the Hills Taurus 36 37 38. CHAP. VIII The Planting of Nations Noah's Sons which the Eldest 45 § 1. Whether Shem or Ham Elder than Japhet ibid. 2. All Histories must yield to Moses Lords of the first Ages were of the Issue of Ham. 45 3 4. Of the Isles of the Gentiles Of Gog Magog Tubal and Mesech 46 5 6 7 8 9 Berosus's Fiction Gomer and Togarma setled in the East Of the other Sons of Japhet Of Ascanes and Riphath Gomer's Eldest Son Of the four Sons of Javan 47 48 49. 10. Cush the Eldest Son of Ham was in Arabia 50 11. Mizraim chief Planter of Aegypt 52. 12. The Bounds of Canaan his Eleven Sons where situated ibid. 13. The Sons of Cush 54 14. The Issue of Mizraim 55 15. Sem's Posterity 56 CHAP. IX The Beginning and Establishment of Government 58 Sect. 1. Of Regal Absolute and Regal tempered by Laws 59 2. The approved sorts of Government 60 3. The good Government of the first Kings ibid. 4. The Original of Nobility 61 CHAP. X. Of Nimrod Belus and Ninus 62 Sect. 1 2 3 4. Nimrod first Sovereign after the Flood Built Ninive Established the Babylonian Monarchy 63 5 6 7 8. Of Ninus and Belus in whose time Image-Worship began The first Idolater 64 65 CHAP. XI Of Ninus Semiramis and Belus ibid. BOOK II. From Abraham's Death to the Destruction of Solomon's Temple which was 1525 Years 67 CHAP. I. The time of Abraham's Birth and Order of the Assyrian Empire ibid. Sect. 1 2 3. Some Successors of Semiramis and of the Birth of Abraham 68 4. Terah begat Abraham in his 130th Year 69 5 6 7. Answers to several Objections about Abraham's Age. 70 71 8. The Assyrian times regulated by Abraham's History ibid. 9. Amraphel probably was Ninias 72 10 11. Arioth King of Alassar Tidal King of Nations 73 12. Chedorlaomer chief of the Four 74 CHAP. II. Of the Kings of Egypt from Cham to the Delivery of the Israelites 75 Sect. 1. The Kings of Egypt and the causes of the uncertainty of the History ibid. 2. C ham began his Reign in Egypt after the Flood Anno 191. ibid. 3. The Dynasties were not Kings but Vice-Roys 76 4. Cham and Mizraim or Oris ibid. 5 6. Osiris's Reign guess'd at Typhon and Hercules their Reigns 77 7 8. Busiris or Orus's Reign Rathoris succeeded his Sister 78 CHAP. III. Israel's delivery out of Egypt 79 Sect. 1. Israel's Captivity and Moses's Birth ibid. 2. Cities of Egypt in Scripture ibid. 3 4 5. Moses's Preservation and Education Pharaoh and his Army drowned and Moses's Passage Miraculous 80 81. CHAP. IV. § 1. The Israelites Journey from the Red Sea to Sinai 83 2. Of the Amalekites Midianites Kenites and of Jethro ibid. 3. When the Law was given 84 CHAP. V. §. 1 The Story from receiving the Law to Moses's death 84. 2. The Offering of the Twelve Princes The Passover and Jethro's departure 85 3. Israel's Iourney from Horeb to Kades 86 4. Their unwillingness to return they remove to Zin 87 5 6. They turn to the North. ibid. 7. Of the Book of the Lord's Battels and other lost Books 88. 8. Moses sparing Lot's Issue 89 9. The Midianites and Moabites corrupt Israel ibid. CHAP. VI. Of the Bordering Nations Of other Renowned Men and of Iushua's Acts. 90 Sect. 1. How the bordering Nations were prepared to be Enemies to Israel ibid. 2 3. Of the Kings of the Canaanites and Moabites Of the Midianites Amalekites and Ismaelites 91 4 5 6 7. Prometheus Atlas Pelasgus Ducalion Hermies Aesculapius when they flourished 92 93 94 95. 8. Of Joshua Othoniel and his Cotemporaries 96 CHAP. VII Sect. 1 2. Of the Phoenician Kingdom and the Invention of Letters 99. 3 4. The Kings of the Ten Tribes from Jeroboam to Achab. 101. CHAP. VIII The History of the Syrians bordering their Tribes on Jordan 103 CHAP IX Memorable things from Joshua to Jeptha 107 CHAP. X. The War and Destruction of Troy 114 CHAP. XI Of Samson Eli and Samuel 117 CHAP. XII Of Saul the First King of Israel 120 CHAP. XIII Of David and his condition under Saul his Reign overthrows the Philistins and Hadadezar his Troubles last Acts his vast Treasure his Cotemporaries 126 CHAP. XIV Of Solomon Anno Mundi 2991. His Building and Glory sends a Fleet to Ophir his Fall Writings and Cotemporaries 133 CHAP. XV. Solomon's Successors to Jehoram Rehoboam's Impiety Punishment End and Cotemporaries Abija succeeds Rehoboam Asa succeeds Abija Israel unhappy under her Princes Jehosaphat succeeds Asa. His Cotemporaries 136 CHAP. XVI Of Jehoram and Ahaziah Jehoram's Reign alone Ahaziah perished with the House of Ahab 143 CHAP. XVII Athaliah's Vsurpation and Government for 6 Years 149 CHAP. XVIII Of Joash Amaziah and their Cotemporaries the Death of Jehojada and Apostacy of Joash Zachariah murdered by Joash The Death of Joash who is succeeded by Amaziah who is overthrown by Joash and afterwards slain An interregnum in Iudah Of Amaziah's Cotemporaries and of Sardanapalus 153 CHAP. XIX Of Uzziah and his Cotemporaries the end of his Reign and Life Of the Olympian Games Jothan and his Cotemporaries Achas and his Cotemporaries 165 CHAP. XX. Of Italy and Rome's Foundation The Aborigines The Latin Kings 'till Aeneas a Trojan of the Blood Royal The beginning of Rome Romulus's Birth and Death 171 CHAP. XXI Of Hezekiah and his Cotemporaries his Deliverance his Sickness and Recovery Kings in Media in his Reign 175 CHAP. XXII Egyptian Kings from Moses to Hezekiah many of which were only Regents or Vice-Roys 177 CHAP. XXIII Of Manasses who succeeded Sethon and his Cotemporaries his Bondage and Enlargement The Messenian Wars 181 CHAP. XXIV Of Ammon Josiah and the rest to the Destruction of Jerusalem 187 BOOK III. From the Destruction of Ierusalem to Philip of Macedon 197 CHAP. I. From the Destruction of Jerusalem to the Assyrian Fall The Connection of Sacred and Prophane History The Babylonish Captivity several Opinions concerning it Nebuchadnezzar's Victories and Actions 197 CHAP. II. The Persian Greatness how it grew 204. CHAP. III. Cyrus the first Persian Monarch He takes Babylon His last Wars His Decree for Building God's Temple His two Sons and three Daughters 206 CHAP. IV. The Persian Affairs from Cyrus to Darius 110 CHAP. V. Darius the Son of Histaspes his Actions and Death 212 CAHP. VI. Xerxes Emperour of Persia his vast Army Opposed by Leonidas burnt the Temple of Athens The Peloponesians beat his Fleet. His Army is soon after Vanquish'd