thy advantage that after these words choak't with the morsel tak'n he sunk down and recover'd not His first wife was the sister of Cannute a woman of much infamy for the trade she drove of buying up English Youths and Maids to sell in Denmarke whereof she made great gain but ere long was struck with thunder and dy'd The year ensuing Siward Earl of An. Dom. 1054 Northumberland with a great number of horse and foot attended also by a strong fleet at the Kings appointment made an expedition into Scotland vanquish't the Tyrant Macbeth slaying many thousands of Scots with those Normans that went thether and plac'd Malcolm Son of the Cumbrian King in his stead yet not without loss of his own Son and many other both English and Danes Told of his Sons Death he ask'd whether he receav'd his Deaths wound before or behind when it was answerd before I am glad saith hee and should not else have thought him though my Son worthy of Burial In the mean while King Edward being without Issue to succeed him sent Aldred Bishop of Winchester with great presents to the Emperour entreating him to prevail with the King of Hungary that Edward the remaining Son of his Brother Edmund Ironside might be sent into England Siward but one year surviving An. Dom. 1055 his great Victory dy'd at Yorke reported by Huntingdon a man of Giant-like stature by his own demeanour at point of Death manifested of a rough and meer souldierly mind For much disdaining to die in bed by a disease not in the field fighting with his enemies he caus'd himself compleatly arm'd and weapon'd with battel-ax and shield to be set in a chair whether to fight with death if he could be so vain or to meet him when far other weapons and preparations were needful in a Martial bravery but true fortitude glories not in the feats of War as they are such but as they serve to end War soonest by a victorious Peace His Earldom the King bestow'd on Tosti the Son of Earl Godwin and soon after in a Convention held at London banish't without visible cause Huntigdon saith for treason Algar the Son of Leofric who passing into Ireland soon return'd with eighteen ships to Griffin Prince of South Wales requesting his aid against King Edward He assembling his Powers enter'd with him into Hereford-shire whom Radulf a timorous Captain Son to the Kings Sister not by Eustace but a former husband met two miles distant from Hereford and having hors'd the English who knew better to fight on foot without stroke he with his French and Normans beginning to flie taught the English by his example Griffin and Algar following the chase slew many wounded more enter'd Hereford slew seven Canons defending the Minster burnt the Monasterie and Reliques then the City killing some leading captive others of the Citizens return'd with great spoils whereof King Edward having notice gather'd a great Army at Gloster under the conduct of Harold now Earl of Kent who strenuously pursuing Griffin enter'd Wales and encamp'd beyond Straddale But the enemy flying before him farther into the Country leaving there the greater part of his Army with such as had charge to fight if occasion were offer'd with the rest he return'd and fortifi'd Hereford with a wall and gates Mean while Griffin and Algar dreading the diligence of Harold after many messages to and fro concluded a Peace with him Algar discharging his fleet with pay at West Chester came to the King and was restor'd to his Earldom But Griffin with breach of faith the next year set upon An. Dom. 1056 Leofgar the Bishop of Hereford and his Clerks then at a place call'd Glastbrig with Agelnoth Vicount of the shire and slew them but Leofric Harold and King Edward by force as is likeliest though it be not said how reduc'd him to Peace The next year An. Dom. 1057 Edward Son of Edmund Ironside for whom his Uncle King Edward had sent to the Emperour came out of Hungary design'd Successor to the Crown but within a few days after his coming dy'd at London leaving behind him Edgar Atheling his Son Margaret and Christina his Daughters About the same time also dy'd Earl Leofric in a good old age a man of no less vertue then power in his time religious prudent and faithful to his Country happily wedded to Godiva a woman of great praise His Son Algar found less favour with King Edward again banish't the year after An. Dom. 1058 his Fathers death but he again by the aid of Griffin and a fleet from Norway maugre the King soon recover'd his Earldom The next year Malcolm An. Dom. 1059 King of Scots coming to visit King Edward was brought on his way by Tosti the Northumbrian Earl to whom he swore brotherhood yet the next year An. Dom. 1061 but one while Tosti was gone to Rome with Aldred Archbishop of York for his Pall this sworn brother taking advantage of his absence roughly harrass'd Northumberland The year passing to an end without other matter of moment save the frequent inrodes and robberies of Griffin whom no bonds of faith could restrain King Edward sent against him after Christmas Harold now Duke of West-Saxons An. Dom. 1062 with no great body of Horse from Gloster where he then kept his Court whose coming heard of Griffin not daring to abide nor in any part of his Land holding himself secure escap't hardly by Sea ere Harold coming to Rudeland burnt his Palace and Ships there returning to Gloster the same day But by the middle An. Dom. 1063 of May setting out with a fleet from Bristow he sail'd about the most part of Wales and met by his brother Tosti with many Troops of Horse as the King had appointed began to waste the Country but the Welch giving pledges yeilded themselves promis'd to become tributary and banish Griffin thir Prince who lurking somewhere was the next year tak'n and An. Dom. 1064 slain by Griffin Prince of North Wales his head with the head and tackle of his Ship sent to Harold by him to the King who of his gentleness made Blechgent and Rithwallon or Rivallon his two Brothers Princes in his stead they to Harold in behalf of the King swore fealty and tribute Yet the next year An. Dom. 1065 Harold having built a fair house at a place call'd Portascith in Monmouth-shire and stor'd it with provision that the King might lodge there in time of hunting Caradoc the Son of Griffin slain the year before came with a number of men slew all he found there and took away the provision Soon after which the Northumbrians in a tumult at York beset the Palace of Tosti their Earl slew more then 200 of his Souldiers and Servants pillag'd his Treasure and put him to flie for his life The cause of this insurrection they alledg'd to be for that the Queen Edith had commanded in her Brother Tosti's behalf
the King who still laid at him and little expected such assassination mortally into the brest The matter was done in a moment ere men set at Table could turn them or imagin at first what the stir meant till perceaving the King deadly wounded they flew upon the murderer and hew'd him to peeces who like a wild Beast at abbay seeing himself surrounded desperatly laid about him wounding some in his fall The King was buried at Glaston wherof Dunstan was then Abbot his Laws yet remain to be seen among the Laws of other Saxon Kings Edred EDred the third Brother of Athelstan the Sons of Edmund being yet but Children next reign'd not degenerating from his worthy predecessors and Crown'd at Kingston Northumberland he throughly subdu'd the Scots without refusal swore him Allegiance yet the Northumbrians ever of doubtfull Faith soon after chose to themselves one Eric a Dane Huntingdon still haunts us with this Anlaf of whom we gladly would have bin ridd and will have him before Eric recall'd once more and reign fowr years then again put to his shifts But An. Dom. 950 Edred entring into Northumberland and with spoils returning Eric the King fell upon his rear Edred turning about both shook off the Enemy and prepar'd to make a second inroad which the Northumbrians dreading rejected Eric slew Amanous the Son of Anlaf and with many presents appeasing Edred submitted again to his Goverment nor from that time had Kings but were govern'd by Earls of whom Osulf was the first About this time Wulstan An. Dom. 953 Archbishop of York accus'd to have slain certain men of Thetford in revenge of thir Abbot whom the Townsmen had slain was committed by the King to close Custody but soon after enlarg'd was restor'd to his place Malmsbury writes that his crime was to have conniv'd at the revolt of his Countrymen but An. Dom. 955 King Edred two years after sick'ning in the flowr of his youth dy'd much lamented and was buried at Winchester Edwi EDwi the Son of Edmund now come to Age after his Uncle Edred's Death took on him the Goverment and was Crown'd at Kingston His lovely person sirnam'd him the Fair his actions are diversly reported by Huntingdon not thought illaudable But Malnisbury and such as follow him write far otherwise that he married or kept as Concubine his neer Kinswoman some say both her and her Daughter so inordinatly giv'n to his pleasure that on the very day of his Coronation he abruptly withdrew himself from the Company of his Peers whether in Banquet or Consultation to sit wantoning in the Chamber with this Algiva so was her name who had such power over him Wherat his Barons offended sent Bishop Dunstan the boldest among them to request his return he going to the Chamber not only interrupted his dalliance and rebuk'd the Lady but takeing him by the hand between force and persuasion brought him back to his Nobles The King highly displeas'd and instigated perhaps An. Dom. 956 by her who was so prevalent with him not long after sent Dunstan into banishment caus'd his Monastery to be rifl'd and became an Enemy to all Monks Wherupon Odo Archbishop of Canterbury pronounc't a separation or divorce of the King from Algiva But that which most incited William of Malmsbury against him he gave that Monastery to be dwelt in by secular Preists or to use his own phrase made it a stable of Clerks at length these affronts done to the Church were so resented by the people that the Mercians and Northumbrians revolted from him and set up Edgar his Brother leaving to Edwi the An. Dom. 957 An. Dom. 958 West-Saxons only bounded by the River Thames with greif wherof as is thought he soon after ended his daies and was buried at Winchester Mean while Elfsin Bishop of that place after the Death of Odo ascending by Simony to the Chair of Canterbury and going to Rome the same year for his Pall was froz'n to Death in the Alps. Edgar Edgar by his Brothers Death now King of all England at 16 years of Age call'd home Dunstan An. Dom. 959 out of Flanders where he liv'd in exile This King had no War all his Reign yet allways well prepar'd for War govern'd the Kingdom in great Peace Honour and Prosperity gaining thence the Sirname of Peaceable much extoll'd for Justice Clemency and all Kingly Vertues the more ye may be sure by Monks for his building so many Monasteries as some write every year one for he much favour'd the Monks against secular Preists who in the time of Edwi had got possession in most of thir Covents His care and wisdome was great in guarding the Coast round with stout ships to the number of 3600 Mat. West reck'ns them 4800 divided into fowr Squadrons to sail to and fro on the fowr quarters of the land meeting each other the first of 1200 sail from East to West the second of as many from West to East the third and fowrth between North and South himself in the Summer time with his Fleet. Thus he kept out wisely the force of Strangers and prevented Forein War but by thir too frequent resort hither in time of peace and his too much favouring them he let in thir vices unaware Thence the people saith Malmsbury learnt of the out-landish Saxons rudeness of the Flemish daintiness and softness of the Danes Drunk'ness though I doubt these vices are as naturally home-bred heer as in any of those Countries Yet in the Winter and Spring time he usually rode the Circuit as a Judge Itinerant through all his Provinces to see justice well administerd and the poor not oppress'd Theeves and Robbers he rooted almost out of the Land and wild Beasts of prey altogether enjoining Ludwal King of Wales to pay the yearly tribute of 300 Wolves which he did for two years together till the third year no more were to be found nor ever after but his Laws may be read yet extant Whatever was the cause he was not Crown'd till the 30. of his Age but then with great An. Dom. 973 An. Dom. 974 splendor and magnificence at the City of Bath in the Feast of Pentecost This year dy'd Swarling a Monk of Croyland the 142. year of his Age and another soon after him in the 115th in the Fenn and watrish air the more remarkable King Edgar the next year went to Chester and summoning to his Court there all the Kings that held of him took homage of them thir names are Kened King of Scots Malcolm of Cumberland Maccuse of the Iles five of Wales Duswal Huwal Grifith Jacob Judethil these he had in such aw that going one day into a Gally he caus'd them to take each man his Oar and row him down the River Dee while he himself sat at the Stern which might be done in meriment and easily obei'd if with a serious brow discoverd rather vain glory and insulting haughtiness then
Speech to Bishop Austin p. 143. Dioclesian supposed a King of Syria and his 50 Daughters having all but one murder'd their Husbands to have been driven upon this Iland p. 5. Dis the first peopler of this Iland as some fabulously affirm p. 9. the same with Samothes ibid. Donaldus said to have headed the Caledonians against Septimius Severus p. 84. Donaldus King of Scotland brought to hard conditions by Osbert and Ella Kings of Northumberland p. 196. Druids falsly alledg'd out of Caesar to have forbidden the Britans to write their memorable deeds p. 2. Druis the third from Samothes fabulously written the ancientest King of this Iland p. 4. Dunstane sent the Nobles to reprove King Edw. for his luxury p. 233. banisht by the King and his Monastery rifled p. 234. recall'd by King Edgar ibid. his miraculous escape when the rest of the company were kill'd by the fall of a house p. 242. Dunwallo Mulmutius Son of Cloten King of Cornwall reduces the whole Iland into a Monarchy p. 21. establisheth the Molmutin Laws p. 22. Durslus King of the Picts said to be slain by the joynt Forces of the Britans and Romans p. 102. E. EAdbald after the death of his Father Ethelbert falls back to Heathenism p. 145. he runs distracted but afterwards returns to his right mind and faith p. 146. by what means it happen'd ibid. he gives his Sister Edelburga in marriage to Edwin ibid. he dies and leaves his Son Ercombert to succeed p. 156. Eadbert shares with his two Brothers in the Kingdom of Kent after Victred p. 170. his death p. 174. Eadbert King of Northumberland after Kelwulf wars against the Picts p. 174. joyns with Unust King of the Picts against the Britans in Cumberland p. 175 176. forsakes his Crown for a Monks hood p. 176. Eatbright otherwise call'd Ethelbert usurping the Kingdom of Kent and contending with Kenulph the Mercian is taken prisoner p. 182. Eadburga by chance poysons her Husband Birthric with a cup which she had prepar'd for another p. 184. the choice propos'd to her by Charles the Great to whom she fled ibid. he assigns her a rich Monastery to dwell in as Abbess ibid. detected of unchastity she is expelled and dies in beggery at Pavia p. 185. Eandred Son of Eardulf reigns 30 years King of Northumberland after Alfwold the Vsurper p. 185. becomes tributary to Ecbert p. 188. Eanfrid the Son of Ethelfrid succeeds in the Kingdom of Bernicia p. 154. Eardulf supposed to have been slain by Ethelred is made King of the Northumbrians in York after Osbald p. 182. in a War rais'd against him by his people he gets the victory p. 183. is driven out of his Kingdom by Alswold p. 185. East-Angle Kingdom by whom erected p. 121. East-Saxon Kingdom by whom hegun p. 121. the people converted by Mellitus p. 142. they expel their Bishop and renounce their faith p. 146. are reconverted by means of Edwi p. 159. Ebranc succeeds his Father Mempricius in the Kingdom of Britain p. 15. builds Caer-Ebranc now York and other places ibid. Ecbert succeeds his Father Ercombert in the Kingdom of Kent p. 163. dying leaves a suspition of having slain his Vncle's Sons Elbert and Egelbright p. 163. Ecbert of the West-Saxon linage flies from Birthric's suspition to Offa and thence into France p. 183. after Birthric's decease is recall'd and with general applause made King ibid. he subdues the Britans of Cornwall and beyond Severn p. 186. overthrows Bernulf the Vsurper of Mercia at Ellandune or Wilton ibid. the East-Angles having slain Bernulf yield to his Soveraignty ibid. drives Baldred King of Kent out of his Kingdom and causeth both Kent and other Provinces to submit to his Scepter p. 187. Withlaf of Mercia becomes tributary to him ibid. he gives the Danes battel by the River Carr p. 191. in another battel he puts to flight a great Army of them together with the Cornish men joyning with them p. 192. he dies and is buried at Winchester ibid. Ecferth the Son of Offa the Mercian within four months ends his Reign p. 181 182. Ecfrid Oswi's eldest Son succeeds him in the Kingdom of Northumberland p. 163. wins Lindsey from Wulfer the Mercian ibid. he wars against Ethelred the Brother of Wulfer p. 166. he sends Bertus with an Army to subdue Ireland p. 167. marching against the Picts is cut off with most of his Army ib. his death reveng'd by Bertfrid a Northumbrian Captain p. 170. Edan a King of the Scots in Britain put to flight by Ethelfrid p. 141. Edelard King of the West-Saxons after Ina molested with the Rebellion of his Kinsman Oswald p. 174. overcoming those troubles dies in peace ibid. Edgar the Brother and Successor of Edwi in the English Monarchy calls home Dunstan from Banishment p. 234. his peaceable and prosperous Reign and his favour towards the Monks ibid. his strict observance of justice and his care to secure the Nation with a strong Fleet p. 235. he is homag'd and row'd down the River Dee by eight Kings p. 236. his expostulation with Kened King of Scotland p. 237. he is cheated by the treacherous Duke Athelwold of Elflida whom avenging himself upon the said Duke he marries p. 237 238. attempting on the chastity of a young Lady at Andover he is pleasantly deceiv'd by the mother p. 239. dying in the height of his glory he is buried at Glaston-Abby p. 236. Edgar sirnamed Atheling his right and title to the Crown of England from his Grandfather Edmund Ironside p. 292. excluded by Harold Son of Earl Godwin p. 299. Edilhere the Brother and Successor of Anna in the Kingdom of the East-Angles slain in a battel against Oswi p. 161. Edilwalk the South-Saxon perswaded to Christianity by Wulfer p. 164. Edmund crown'd King of the East-Angles at Burie p. 196. his whole Army put to flight by the Danes he is taken bound to a stake and shot with arrows p. 201. Edmund the Brother and Successor of Athelstane in the English Monarchy frees Mercia and takes several Towns from the Danes p. 230. he drives Anlaf and Suthfrid out of Northumberland and Dummail out of Cumberland p. 231. the strange manner of his death p. 231 232. Edmund sirnamed Ironside the Son of Ethelred set up by divers of the Nobles against Canute p. 262. in several Battels against the Danes he comes off for the most part victorious p. 263 264. at length consents to divide the Kingdom with him p. 265. his death thought to have been violent and not without Canute's consent p. 266. Edred the third Brother and Successor of Athelstane with much ado reduceth the Northumbrians and puts an end to that Kingdom p. 232. dies in the flower of his age and is buried at Winchester p. 233. Edric the Son of Edelwalk King of South-Saxons slain by Kedwalla the West-Saxon p. 165. Edric sirnamed Streon advanc't by King Ethelred marries his Daughter Elgiva p. 254. he secretly murthers two Noblemen whom he had invited to his Lodging p.
259. he practises against the life of Prince Edmund and revolts to the Danes p. 260. his cunning devices to hinder Edmund in the prosecution of his Victories against Canute p. 263 264. is thought by some to have been the Contriver of King Edmunds murther p. 266. the Government of the Mercians conferr'd upon him p. 268. he is put to death by Canutus and his head stuck upon a pole and set upon the highest Tower in London p. 268. Edward the Elder Son and Successor of King Alfred hath War with Ethelwald his Kinsman who aspiring to the Crown stirs up the Danes against him p. 115 116. he proves successful and potent divers Princes and great Commanders of the Danes submitting to him p. 216 217 c. the King and whole Nation of Scotland with divers other Frinces and people do him homage as their Soveraign p. 221. he dies at Farendon and is buried at Winchester p. 222. Edward sirnamed the Younger Edgar's Son by his first Wife Egelfleda is advanc't to the Throne p. 241. the contest in his Reign between the Monks and secular Priests each abetted by their several parties p. 242. great mischief done by the falling of a house where a general Council for deciding the controversie was held ibid. Edward inhumanely murder'd by the treachery of his step-mother Elfrida p. 243. Edward Son of Edmund Ironside Heir apparent to the Crown dies at London p. 292. Edward sirnamed the Confessor the Son of King Ethelred by Emma after Hardecnute's death is crown'd at Winchester p. 280. he seizeth on the Treasures of his mother Queen Emma p. 281. he marries Edith Earl Godwin's Daughter ibid. he makes preparation against Magnus King of Norway but next year makes peace with Harold Harvager ibid. he advances the Normans in England which proves of ill consequence p. 283. he is oppos'd by Earl Godwin in the Cause of Eustace of Boloign banishes the Earl and divorces his Daughter whom he had married p. 285 286. entertains Duke William of Normandy p. 287. he sends Odo and Radulf with a Fleet against Godwin and his Sons exercising Piracy p. 288. reconciliation at length made he restores the Earl his Sons and Daughter all to their former dignities p. 289. he is said to have design'd Duke William of Normandy his Successor to the Crown p. 296. dies and is buried at Westminster p. 297. his Character p. 297 298. Edwi the Son and Successor of Edmund is crown'd at Kingston p. 233. he banisheth Bishop Dunstan for reproving his wantonness with Algiva and proves an enemy to all Monks p. 233 234. the Mercians and Northumbrians revolt from him and set up his Brother Edgar p. 234. with grief thereof he ends his days and is buried at Winchester ibid. Edwin thrown out of the Kingdom of Deira by Ethelfrid p. 133. 146. flying to Redwall the East-Angle for refuge he is defended against Ethelfrid p. 147. he exceeds in power and extent of Dominion all before him p. 148. marries Edelburga the Sister of Eadbald ibid. he is wounded by an Assassin from Cuichelm ibid. the strange relation of his Conversion to Christianity p. 149. 150. he perswades Eorpald the Son of Redwald to embrace the Christian Faith p. 153. he is slain in a Battel against Kedwalla ibid. Edwin Duke of the Mercians see Morcar Elanius reckon'd in the number of ancient British Kings p. 25. Eldadus p. 28. Eldol ibid. Eledancus ibid. Elfled the Sister of King Edward the Elder takes Derby from the Danes p. 218. her Army of Mercians victorious against the Welsh ibid. after several Martial Acts she dies at Tamworth p. 221. Elfred the Son of King Ethelred by Emma betray'd by Earl Godwin and cruelly made away by Harold p. 274 276. Elfwald the Son of Oswulf succeeding Ethelred in Northumberland is rebell'd against by two of his Noblemen Osbald and Ethelheard p. 177. he is slain by the conspiracy of Siggan one of his Nobles p. 179. Elfwin slain in a Battel between his Brother Ecfrid and Ethelred p. 166. Elidure's noble demeanor towards his deposed Brother p. 26. after Archigallo's death he resumes the Government but is driven out again and imprison'd by his two other Brethren p. 27. Elind reckon'd in the number of ancient British Kings p. 28. Ella the Saxon lands with his three Sons and beats the Britans in two Battels p. 119. he and his Son Cissa take Andredschester in Kent by force ibid. begins his Kingdom of the South-Saxons ibid. Elwold Nephew of Ethelwald reigns King of the East-Angles after Aldulf p. 187. Emeric succeeds Otha in the Kingdom of Kent p. 127. Emma the Daughter of Richard Duke of Normandy married first to K. p. 249. afterwards to Canute p. 268. banisht by her Son-in-Law Harold she retires to Flanders and is entertained by Earl Baldwin p. 274. her Treasures seized on by her Son King Edward p. 281. she dies and is buried at Winchester p. 287. a Tradition concerning her question'd ib. Eorpwald the Son of Redwald King of the East-Angles perswaded to Christianity by Edwin p. 113. he is slain in fight by Ricbert a Pagan ibid. Erchenwin said by Huntingdon to be the Erector of the Kingdom of the East-Saxons p. 121. Ercombert succeeds Eadbald in the Kingdom of Kent p. 156. Eric see Iric Ermenred thought to have had more right to the Kingdom than Ercombert p. 156. Escwin and Kenswin the Nephew and Son of Kinegil said to have succeeded Kenwalk in the Government of the West-Saxons p. 164. Escwin joyns Battel with Wulfer at Bedanhafer and not long after deceaseth ibid. Estrildis belov'd by Locrine p. 14. is with her Daughter Sabra thrown into a River p. 15. Ethelbald King of Mercia after Ina commands all the Provinces on this side Humber p. 171. he takes the Town of Somerton p. 173. fraudulently assaults part of Northumberland in Eadberts absence p. 174. his encounter at Beorford with Cuthred the West-Saxon p. 175. in another bloody fight at Secandune he is slain p. 176. Ethelbald and Ethelbert share the English-Saxon Kingdom between them after their Father Ethelwolf Ethelbald marries Judith his Father's Widow p. 198. is buried at Shirburn ibid. Ethelbert succeeds Emeric in the Kingdom of Kent p. 127. he is defeated at Wibbandun by Keaulin and his Son Cutha p. 128. inlarges his Dominions from Kent to Humber p. 137. civilly receives Austin and his Fellow-preachers of the Gospel p. 139. is himself baptiz'd p. 140. mov'd by Austin he builds S. Peters Church in Canterbury and endows it p. 141. he builds and endows S. Paul's Church in London and the Cathedral at Rochester p. 142. his death p. 145. Ethelbert Eadbert and Alric succeed their Father Victred in the Kingdom of Kent p. 170. see Eadbright Ethelbert the Son of Ethelwolf after the death of his Brother Ethelbald enjoys the whole Kingdom to himself p. 198. during his Reign the Danes waste Kent p. 199. he is buried with his Brother at Shirburn ibid. Ethelfrid succeeds Ethelric in the Kingdom of
Summer now behind commands him only Hostages and what yearly Tribute the Iland should pay to Rome forbidds him to molest the Trinobants or Mandubratius and with his Hostages and great number of Captives he puts to Sea haveing at twise embark't his whole Armie At his return to Rome as from a glorious enterprise he offers to Venus the Patroness of his Family a Corslet of British Pearles Howbeit other antient writers have spok'n more doubtfully of Caesars Victories heer and that in plaine termes he fled from hence for which the common verse in Lucan with divers passages heer and there in Tacitus is alleg'd Paulus Orofius who took what he wrote from a Historie of Suetonius now lost writes that Caesar in his first journey entertain'd with a sharp fight lost no small number of his Foot and by tempest nigh all his Horse Dion affirms that once in the second expedition all his Foot were routed Orosius that another time all his Horse The British Author whom I use only then when others are all silent hath many trivial discourses of Caesars beeing heer which are best omitted Nor have wee more of Cassibelan then what the same storie tells how he warr'd soon after with Androgeus about his Nefew slain by Evelinus Nefew to the other which business at length compos'd Cassibelan dies and was buried in Yorke if the Monmouth Booke Fable not But at Caesars coming hither such likeliest were the Britans as the Writers of those times and thir own actions represent them in courage and warlike readiness to take advantage by ambush or sudden onset not inferiour to the Romans nor Cassibelan to Caesar in Weapons Armes and the skill of Encamping Embattailing Fortifying overmatch't thir Weapons were a short Speare and light Target a Sword also by thir side thir fight sometimes in Chariots phang'd at the Axle with Iron Sithes thir bodies most part naked only painted with woad in sundrie figures to seeme terrible as they thought but poursu'd by Enemies not nice of thir painting to run into Bogs worse then wild Irish up to the Neck and there to stay many daies holding a certain morsel in thir mouths no bigger then a bean to suffice hunger but that receit and the temperance it taught is long since unknown among us thir Towns and strong holds were spaces of ground fenc't about with a Ditch and great Trees fell'd overthwart each other thir buildings within were thatch't Houses for themselves and thir Cattell in peace the Upland Inhabitants besides hunting tended thir flocks and heards but with little skill of Countrie affaires the makeing of Cheese they commonly knew not Woole or Flax they spun not gard'ning and planting many of them knew not clothing they had none but what the skins of Beasts afforded them and that not alwaies yet gallantrie they had painting thir own skins with severall Portratures of Beast Bird or Flower a Vanitie which hath not yet left us remov'd only from the skin to the skirt behung now with as many colour'd Ribands and gewgawes towards the Sea side they till'd the ground and liv'd much after the manner of Caules thir Neighbours or first Planters thir money was brazen pieces or Iron Rings thir best Merchandise Tin the rest trifles of Glass Ivorie and such like yet Gemms and Pearles they had saith Mela in some Rivers thir Ships of light timber wickerd with Oysier betweene and coverd over with Leather serv'd not therefore to tranceport them farr and thir commodities were fetch 't away by Foren Merchants thir dealing saith Diodorus plaine and simple without fraude thir civil Government under many Princes and States not confederate or consulting in common but mistrustfull and oft-times warring one with the other which gave them up one by one an easie Conquest to the Romans thir Religion was governd by a sort of Priests or Magicians call'd Druides from the Greek name of an Oke which Tree they had in greate reverence and the Missleto especially growing theron Plinie writes them skill'd in Magic no less then those of Persia by thir abstaining from a Hen a Hare and a Goose from Fish also saith Dion and thir opinion of the Soules passing after Death into other Bodies they may be thought to have studied Pythagoras yet Philosophers I cannot call them reported men factious and ambitious contending somtimes about the archpriesthood not without civil Warr and slaughter nor restrein'd they the people under them from a lew'd adulterous and incestuous life ten or twelve men absurdly against nature possessing one woman as thir common Wife though of neerest Kin Mother Daughter or Sister Progenitors not to be glori'd in But the Gospel not long after preach't heer abolish'd such impurities and of the Romans we have cause not to say much worse then that they beate us into some civilitie likely else to have continu'd longer in a barbarous and savage manner of life After Julius for Julius before his Death tyrannously had made himself Emperor of the Roman Common-wealth and was slaine in the Senate for so doeing he who next obtain'd the Empire Octavianus Caesar Augustus either contemning the Iland as Strabo would have us think whose neither benefit was worth the having nor enmitie worth the fearing or out of a wholsome state maxim as some say to moderate and bound the Empire from growing vast and unweildie made no attempt against the Britans But the truer cause was partly civil Warr among the Romans partly other affairs more Year before the Birth of Christ 32 urging For about 20 Years after all which time the Britans had liv'd at thir own dispose Augustus in imitation of his Uncle Julius either intending or seeming to intend an expedition hither was com into Gallia when the news of a revolt in Pannonia diverted him about 7 year after in the same resolution what with the unsettl'dness of Gallia and what with Embassadors from Britain which met him there he proceeded not The next year difference arrising about Covnants he was again prevented by other new commotions in Spaine Nevertheless som of the British Potentates omitted not to seek his friendship by guifts offerd in the Capitol and other obsequious addresses Insomuch that the whole Iland became eev'n in those daies well known to the Romans too well perhaps for them who from the knowledge of us were so like to prove Enemies But as for Tribute the Britans paid none to Augustus except what easie customes were levied on the slight commodities wherewith they traded into Gallia After Cassibelan Tenantius the younger Son of Lud according to the Monmouth Storie was made King For Androgeus the Elder conceaving himself generally hated for sideing with the Romans forsook his claime heer and follow'd Caesars Fortune This King is recorded Just and Warlike His Son Kymbeline or Cunobeline succeeding was brought up as is said in the Court of Augustus and with
as left them but little room to escape between The Roman slew all men women and the very drawing Horses lay heap'd along the Field in a gory mixture of slaughter About fowrscore thousand Britans are said to have bin slain on the place of the Enemy scarse 400 and not many more wounded Boadicea poysond her self or as others say sick'n'd and dy'd She was of Stature big and tall of visage grim and stern harsh of voice her hair of bright colour flowing down to her hipps she wore a plighted Garment of divers colours with a great gold'n Chain button'd over all a thick robe Gildas calls her the craftie lioness and leaves an ill fame upon her doeings Dion sets down otherwise the order of this fight and that the field was not won without much difficultie nor without intention of the Britans to give another Battel had not the Death of Boadicea come betweene Howbeit Suetonius to preserve Discipline and to dispatch the reliques of Warr lodg'd with all his Armie in the op'n field which was supply'd out of Germany with 1000 Horse and 10000 Foot thence dispers'd to Winter and with incursions to wast those Countries that stood out But to the Britans famin was a worse affliction having left off dureing this uproar to till the ground and made reck'ning to serve themselves on the provisions of thir Enemie Nevertheless those Nations that were yet untaimd hearing of some discord ris'n betweene Suetonius and the new Procurator Classicianus were brought but slowly to terms of peace and the rigor us'd by Suetonius on them that yeilded taught them the better course to stand on thir defence For it is certaine that Suetonius though else a worthieman over-proud of his Victorie gave too much way to his anger against the Britans Classician therefore sending such word to Rome that these severe proceedings would beget an endless Warr Polycletus no Roman but a Courtier was sent by Nero to examin how things went He admonishing Suetonius to use more mildness aw'd the Armie and to the Britans gave matter of Laughter Who so much eeven till then were nurs'd up in thir native libertie as to wonder that so great a Generall with his whole Armie should be at the rebuke and ordering of a Court Servitor An. Dom. 62 But Suetonius a while after having lost a few Gallies on the shoar was bid resigne his command to Petronius Turpilianus who not provoking the Britans nor by them provok'd was thought to have pretended the love of peace to what indeed was his love of ease and sloth Trebellius Maximus follow'd his steps usurping the name of gentle Goverment to any remisness or neglect of Discipline which brought in first licence next disobedience into his Camp incens'd against him partly for his covetousness partly by the incitement of Roscius Caelius Legat of a Legion with whom formerly disagreeing now that civil Warr began in the Empire he fell to op'n discord charging him with disorder and sedition and him Caelius with peeling and defrauding the Legions of thir pay insomuch that Trebellius hated and deserted of the Souldiers was content a while to govern by base entreaty and forc'd at length to flie the Land Which notwithstanding remain'd in good quiet govern'd by Caelius and the other Legate of a Legion both faithfull to Vitellius then Emperour who sent hither Vectius Bolanus An. Dom. 69 under whose lenity though not tainted with other fault against the Britans nothing was done nor in thir own Discipline reform'd Petilius Cerealis by appointment of Vespasian succeeding An. Dom. 70 had to doe with the populous Brigantes in many Battails and som of those not unbloodie An. Dom. 74 For as we heard before it was Venusius who eeven to these times held them tack both himself remaining to the end unvanquish'd and some part of his Countrie not so much as reach 't It appeares also by several passages in the Histories of Tacitus that no small number of British Forces were commanded over Sea the year before to serve in those bloodie Warrs betweene Otho and Vitellius Vitellius and Vespasian contending for the Empire To Cerealis succeeded Julius Frontinus in the Government of Britain who by tameing the Silures a people warlike and strongly inhabiting augmented much his reputation An. Dom. 79 But Julius Agricola whom Vespatiau in his last year sent hither train'd up from his youth in the British Warrs extended with victories the Roman Limit beyond all his Predecessors His coming was in the midst of Summer and the Ordovices to welcome the new General had hew'n in peeces a whole Squadron of Horse which lay upon thir bounds few escapeing Agricola who perceav'd that the noise of this defeat had also in the Province desirous of novelty stirr'd up new expectations resolves to be before-hand with the danger and drawing together the choice of his Legions with a competent number of Auxiliars not beeing met by the Ordovices who kept the Hills himself in the head of his men hunts them up and down through difficult places almost to the final extirpating of that whole Nation With the same current of success what Paulinus had left unfinish'd he Conquers in the I le of Mona for the Ilanders altogether fearless of his approach whom they knew to have no Shipping when they saw themselves invaded on a sudden by the Auxiliars whose Countrie use had taught them to swimm over with Horse and Armes were compel'd to yeild This gain'd Agricola much opinion who at his verie entrance a time which others bestow'd of course in hearing complements and gratulations had made such early progress into laborious and hardest enterprises But by farr not so famous was Agricola in bringing Warr to a speedie end as in cutting off the causes from whence Warr arises For he knowing that the end of Warr was not to make way for injuries in peace began reformation from his own house permitted not his attendants and followers to sway or have to doe at all in public affairs laies on with equallitie the proportions of corn and tribute that were impos'd takes off exactions and the Fees of encroaching Officers heavier then the tribute it self For the Countries had bin compell'd before to sitt and wait the op'ning of public Granaries and both to sell and to buy thir Corn at what rate the Publicans thought fitt the Pourveyers also commanding when they pleas'd to bring it in not to the neerest but still to the remotest places either by the compounding of such as would be excus'd or by causing a Dearth where none was made a particular gain These greevances and the like he in the time of peace removing brought peace into some credit which before since the Romans coming had as ill a name as Warr. An. Dom. 80 The Summer following Titus then Emperor he so continually with inroads disquieted the Enemie over all the I le and after terror so allur'd them with his gentle demeanour that many Citties which till that