private_a affair_n until_o they_o be_v call_v the_o first_o be_v for_o all_o prince_n necessary_a in_o pace_fw-la decus_fw-la in_fw-la bello_fw-la praesidium_fw-la tac._n of_o this_o sort_n no_o great_a number_n ought_v to_o be_v as_o well_o to_o eschew_v disordor_n as_o also_o to_o save_v expense_n the_o second_o kind_n of_o foot_n soldier_n be_v to_o be_v levy_v in_o village_n as_o people_n more_o patient_a of_o pain_n and_o fit_a for_o the_o war_n yet_o so_o judicious_o dispose_v as_o the_o citizen_n odio_fw-la praesentium_fw-la &_o non_fw-la cupidine_fw-la mut_n ationis_fw-la tac._n touch_v the_o number_n of_o these_o extraordinary_a soldier_n that_o must_v be_v refer_v to_o discretion_n bellum_fw-la parare_fw-la simul_fw-la &_o aerario_fw-la parcere_fw-la to_o conclude_v i_o say_v these_o number_n of_o ordinary_a and_o extraordinary_a foot_n ought_v to_o be_v according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o people_n not_o insert_v any_o gentleman_n for_o service_n on_o horseback_n be_v to_o they_o only_o proper_a alas_o rusticis_fw-la non_fw-la tribuo_fw-la in_fw-la nobilitatem_fw-la &_o in_fw-la divites_fw-la haec_fw-la a_o pauperibus_fw-la oner_n a_o incline_v livi._n the_o most_o certain_a note_n whereby_o to_o conceive_v the_o disposition_n of_o man_n fit_a to_o become_v soldier_n be_v these_o five_o the_o country_n where_o they_o be_v bear_v their_o age_n proportion_n of_o body_n their_o quality_n of_o mind_n and_o their_o faculty_n touch_v first_o their_o country_n it_o be_v a_o thing_n apparent_o prove_v that_o mountainous_a region_n or_o barren_a place_n and_o northern_a habitation_n do_v breed_v wit_n well_o dispose_v to_o the_o war_n locorum_fw-la asperitas_fw-la hominum_fw-la quoque_fw-la ingenia_fw-la durat_fw-la curt._n second_o the_o age_n most_o apt_a for_o the_o war_n be_v ancient_o observe_v to_o be_v about_o eighteen_o year_n and_o so_o the_o roman_n use_v facilius_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la virtutem_fw-la inslraere_fw-la novos_fw-la milites_fw-la quaem_fw-la revocare_fw-la praeteritos_fw-la veget._n three_o the_o stature_n of_o a_o soldier_n ought_v to_o be_v observe_v marius_n like_v best_o the_o long_a body_n pyrrhus_n prefer_v large_a and_o well_o proportion_v man_n but_o vegetius_n in_o his_o choice_n rather_o esteem_v strength_n than_o stature_n 〈◊〉_d est_fw-la fortes_fw-la milites_fw-la esse_fw-la quam_fw-la grandes_fw-fr veget._n four_o the_o mind_n or_o spirit_n of_o a_o soldier_n ought_v to_o be_v consider_v for_o that_o mind_n which_o be_v quick_a nimble_a bold_a and_o confident_a seem_v apt_a for_o war_n he_o be_v also_o of_o good_a hope_n that_o love_v honour_n more_o than_o ease_n or_o profit_n in_o brief_a be_v qui_fw-la nihil_fw-la metuit_fw-la nisi_fw-la turpem_fw-la famam_fw-la sal._n last_o it_o be_v to_o be_v mark_v in_o what_o art_n or_o faculty_n a_o man_n have_v be_v breed_v for_o it_o may_v be_v presume_v that_o fisher_n fowler_n cook_n and_o orther_v train_v up_o in_o esseminate_a art_n be_v unfit_a for_o martial_a endeavor_n and_o as_o these_o man_n be_v in_o respect_n of_o their_o trade_n think_v unmeet_a so_o in_o old_a time_n slave_n and_o masterless-man_n be_v repulse_v from_o arm_n as_o person_n infamous_a sed_fw-la nunc_fw-la tale_n sociantur_fw-la armis_fw-la quales_fw-la domini_fw-la habere_fw-la fastidiunt_fw-la veget._n how_o soldier_n ought_v to_o be_v choose_v these_o few_o word_n we_o have_v speak_v may_v suffice_v let_v we_o therefore_o say_v somewhat_o of_o discipline_n choice_n find_v out_o soldier_n but_o discipline_n do_v make_v and_o continue_v they_o fit_a for_o service_n paucos_fw-la viros_fw-la fortes_fw-la natura_fw-la procrear_n bona_fw-la institutione_n plures_fw-la reddat_fw-la industria_fw-la veget._n discipline_n be_v a_o certain_a severe_a confirmation_n of_o soldier_n in_o discipline_n their_o valour_n and_o virtue_n and_o be_v perform_v by_o four_o mean_n exercise_n order_n compulsion_n and_o example_n the_o two_o first_o appertain_v to_o valour_n the_o three_o to_o virtue_n the_o last_o to_o both_o but_o of_o exercise_n first_o i_o say_v that_o a_o soldier_n be_v choose_v aught_o to_o be_v inform_v in_o arm_n and_o use_v in_o exercise_n and_o action_n the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d import_v nothing_o else_o exercitus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la quod_fw-la melius_fw-la fit_a exercitando_fw-la varro_n order_n consist_v in_o divide_v dispose_n and_o place_v of_o man_n apt_o on_o all_o occasion_n to_o be_v command_v as_o the_o leader_n shall_v direct_v this_o matter_n require_v a_o large_a discourse_n and_o therefore_o i_o refer_v it_o to_o skilful_a captain_n and_o writer_n as_o polybius_n vegetius_n dela_n nun_n and_o other_o compulsion_n and_o correction_n be_v that_o which_o bridle_v and_o govern_v the_o manner_n of_o soldier_n for_o no_o order_n can_v be_v observe_v among_o they_o unless_o they_o be_v continent_n modest_a and_o abstinent_a for_o continency_n be_v chiesly_a to_o be_v show_v in_o their_o diet_n and_o moderate_a desire_n degenerate_a a_o robore_fw-la ac_fw-la virtute_fw-la mile_n assuetudine_fw-la voluptatum_fw-la tac._n the_o modesty_n of_o a_o soldier_n be_v perceive_v by_o his_o word_n apparel_n and_o action_n for_o to_o be_v a_o vaunter_n or_o vam-glorious_a boaster_n be_v far_o unfit_a in_o he_o that_o profess_v honour_n or_o arm_n see_v true_a virtue_n be_v silent_a viri_fw-la militiae_fw-la nati_fw-la factis_fw-la magni_fw-la ad_fw-la verborum_fw-la linguaeque_fw-la certamina_fw-la rudes_fw-la tac._n the_o apparel_n of_o a_o soldier_n show_v modesty_n if_o therein_o he_o do_v not_o exceed_v for_o albeit_o it_o fit_v well_o the_o profession_n of_o arm_n to_o be_v well_o arm_v and_o decent_o apparel_v yet_o all_o superfluity_n savore_v of_o ignorance_n or_o vanity_n horridum_fw-la militem_fw-la esse_fw-la decet_fw-la non_fw-la coelatum_fw-la auro_fw-la argentoque_fw-la sed_fw-la ferro_fw-la livi._n abstincnce_o be_v also_o fit_a for_o all_o soldier_n for_o thereby_o guide_v they_o refrain_v from_o violence_n and_o insolency_n by_o that_o rule_n also_o they_o be_v inform_v to_o govern_v themselves_o civil_o in_o the_o country_n where_o they_o ferve_fw-la and_o likewise_o in_o their_o lodging_n never_o take_v any_o thing_n from_o the_o owner_n nor_o commit_v any_o outrage_n vivaut_fw-fr cum_fw-la provincialibus_fw-la jure_fw-la civili_fw-la nec_fw-la insolescat_fw-la animus_n qui_fw-la se_fw-la sensit_fw-la armatum_fw-la the_o last_o mark_n of_o discipline_n we_o call_v 〈◊〉_d under_o which_o word_n be_v comprehend_v reward_n and_o punishment_n for_o man_n be_v reward_v whensoever_o they_o receive_v for_o any_o excellent_a or_o singular_a service_n honour_n or_o riches_n and_o for_o evil_a they_o have_v their_o due_a when_o they_o taste_v the_o punishment_n thereunto_o belong_v necessarium_fw-la est_fw-la acrius_fw-la ille_fw-la dimicet_fw-la quem_fw-la ad_fw-la opes_fw-la &_o dignitates_fw-la ordo_fw-la militiae_fw-la &_o imperatoris_fw-la judicium_fw-la consuevit_fw-la evehere_fw-la veget._n likewise_o as_o gold_n and_o glory_n belong_v to_o good_a and_o well_o deserve_a soldier_n so_o pumshment_n be_v due_a to_o those_o that_o be_v vicious_a and_o cowardly_a for_o nothing_o hold_v soldier_n in_o obedience_n so_o much_o as_o the_o severity_n of_o discipline_n milites_fw-la imperatorum_fw-la potius_fw-la quam_fw-la hostem_fw-la metuere_fw-la debent_fw-la veg._n chap._n xxii_o of_o general_n and_o commander_n and_o their_o requisite_a ability_n in_o martial_a enterprise_n and_o expedition_n of_o soldiers_z let_v this_o little_a suffice_v we_o will_v now_o speak_v of_o what_o quality_n chieftain_n and_o leader_n ought_v to_o be_v for_o upon_o they_o depend_v the_o welfare_n of_o whole_a army_n militaris_fw-la turba_fw-la sine_fw-la deuce_fw-la corpus_fw-la sine_fw-la spiritu_fw-la curt._n a_o chief_a or_o general_n in_o war_n be_v either_o of_o his_o own_o authority_n chief_a or_o a_o general_n that_o command_v in_o the_o name_n of_o another_o of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v emperor_n king_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o other_o be_v their_o deputy_n lieutenant_n colonel_n and_o indeed_o all_o general_a commander_n in_o the_o war_n now_o whether_o it_o be_v more_o expedient_a that_o the_o prince_n shall_v command_v in_o person_n or_o by_o deputy_n divers_a wise_a man_n have_v diverse_o think_v therefore_o it_o may_v be_v thus_o distinguish_v if_o the_o war_n do_v then_o only_o concern_v some_o particular_a part_n or_o province_n then_o may_v the_o same_o be_v perform_v by_o a_o lieutenant_n but_o if_o the_o whole_a fortune_n of_o a_o prince_n do_v thereupon_o depend_v then_o be_v he_o to_o command_v in_o his_o own_o person_n and_o not_o otherwise_o dubiis_fw-la bellorum_fw-la exemplis_fw-la summae_fw-la rerum_fw-la &_o imperii_fw-la seipsum_fw-la reservat_fw-la tac._n it_o therefore_o import_v the_o prince_n sometime_o by_o his_o own_o presence_n sometime_o by_o his_o deputation_n to_o perform_v that_o office_n but_o however_o occasion_n shall_v require_v it_o ever_o behove_v that_o one_o only_a commander_n ought_v to_o be_v for_o plurality_n of_o chieftain_n do_v rare_o or_o never_o work_v any_o good_a effect_n yet_o with_o this_o caution_n that_o he_o be_v of_o experience_n and_o wise_a in_o bellica_fw-la praesectura_fw-la major_a 〈◊〉_d habendus_fw-la peritiae_fw-la quam_fw-la virtutis_fw-la aut_fw-la morum_fw-la arist._n
and_o see_v the_o success_n of_o some_o other_o to_o be_v such_o as_o without_o cause_n or_o desert_n be_v aspire_v to_o dignity_n thereby_o encourage_v they_o promise_v to_o themselves_o the_o like_a nevertheless_o be_v enter_v into_o the_o course_n of_o their_o design_n and_o find_v many_o cross_n and_o impeachment_n they_o do_v not_o a_o little_a repent_v their_o overween_a and_o presumption_n but_o also_o many_o time_n utter_o abandon_v their_o rash_a and_o unadvised_a enterprise_n neither_o can_v i_o think_v that_o the_o virtue_n or_o sufficiency_n of_o any_o man_n without_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o heaven_n can_v advance_v he_o for_o as_o the_o poet_n say_v nec_fw-la velle_fw-la juvat_fw-la potiusve_fw-la nocet_fw-la si_fw-la fat_a a_o repugnant_a whoso_o serve_v a_o prince_n far_o from_o his_o presence_n shall_v with_o great_a difficulty_n content_v he_o for_o if_o he_o commit_v any_o error_n it_o shall_v be_v aggravate_v beside_o that_o the_o instruction_n send_v unto_o he_o 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much_o weak_a and_o disarm_v pass_v secure_o among_o man_n worthy_a of_o commendation_n those_o have_v merit_v best_o that_o first_o plant_v true_a religion_n next_o they_o that_o frame_v kingdom_n and_o commonwealth_n the_o three_o place_n be_v due_a to_o such_o as_o have_v augment_v or_o enlarge_v their_o dominion_n last_o learned_a man_n deserve_v fame_n and_o memory_n and_o as_o every_o of_o these_o be_v worthy_a of_o fame_n and_o honour_n so_o ought_v they_o to_o be_v account_v infamous_a that_o introduce_v atheism_n or_o the_o subversion_n of_o kingdom_n or_o be_v become_v enemy_n to_o learning_n and_o virtue_n whosoever_o take_v in_o hand_n to_o govern_v a_o multitude_n either_o by_o way_n of_o liberty_n or_o principality_n and_o can_v assure_v himself_o of_o those_o person_n that_o be_v enemy_n to_o that_o enterprise_n do_v frame_v a_o state_n of_o short_a perseverance_n yet_o true_a it_o be_v that_o such_o prince_n be_v infortunate_a as_o for_o their_o own_o security_n be_v enforce_v to_o hold_v a_o course_n extraordinary_a and_o have_v the_o multitude_n their_o enemy_n for_o he_o that_o have_v few_o foe_n may_v with_o small_a dishonour_n be_v assure_v but_o he_o that_o be_v general_o hate_a can_v by_o no_o mean_n live_v assure_v and_o the_o more_o cruelty_n he_o use_v the_o weak_a his_o principality_n prove_v in_o commend_v another_o man_n great_a moderation_n be_v to_o be_v use_v for_o as_o contumely_n offend_v he_o against_o who_o it_o be_v use_v so_o great_a praise_n beside_o that_o it_o be_v utter_v with_o danger_n to_o his_o judgement_n that_o speak_v it_o the_o same_o do_v ofttentimes_a offend_v he_o that_o hear_v it_o for_o self-love_n which_o common_o possess_v man_n cause_n the_o good_a or_o evil_a we_o hear_v to_o be_v measure_v with_o our_o own_o and_o consequent_o every_o man_n that_o be_v touch_v with_o like_a desert_n and_o defect_n do_v grow_v offend_v that_o his_o commendation_n be_v not_o set_v forth_o and_o fear_v lest_o his_o 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war_n do_v follow_v by_o mean_n whereof_o one_o country_n be_v ruin_v and_o another_o enlarge_a prince_n of_o great_a power_n and_o chiesly_a those_o that_o be_v inhabitant_n of_o the_o north_n have_v many_o child_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v much_o incline_v to_o the_o war_n as_o well_o to_o win_v unto_o themselves_o honour_n as_o also_o to_o get_v possession_n for_o their_o son_n which_o manner_n of_o proceed_n do_v ofttentimes_a remove_v such_o disturbance_n as_o the_o plurality_n of_o brethren_n bring_v these_o and_o other_o reason_n induce_v prince_n to_o attempt_v war_n against_o those_o kingdom_n which_o in_o cheir_a opinion_n seem_v easy_o conquer_v or_o whereunto_o they_o can_v pretend_v little_a for_o by_o colour_n thereof_o they_o may_v the_o rather_o justify_v their_o proceed_n when_o a_o prince_n defer_v to_o answer_v a_o ambassador_n it_o proceed_v from_o some_o of_o these_o respect_n either_o because_o he_o will_v take_v time_n to_o resolve_v himself_o of_o somewhat_o whereof_o he_o doubt_v or_o that_o he_o intend_v covert_o to_o deny_v that_o which_o be_v demand_v or_o that_o he_o esteem_v not_o the_o prince_n that_o do_v demand_v or_o that_o he_o disdain_v the_o person_n by_o who_o the_o demand_n be_v make_v or_o else_o that_o he_o intend_v to_o hear_v from_o his_o own_o minister_n to_o be_v better_o resolve_v wherefore_o a_o discreet_a negotiator_n ought_v in_o such_o case_n to_o consider_v which_o of_o these_o reason_n move_v the_o prince_n where_o he_o be_v employ_v to_o entertain_v he_o with_o delay_n and_o make_v his_o dispatch_n according_o the_o sufficiency_n of_o good_a counsellor_n consistetd_v in_o fonr_a thing_n first_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v wise_a and_o skilful_a how_o to_o handle_v their_o affair_n direct_v all_o do_n to_o public_a commodity_n second_o to_o be_v just_a in_o their_o proceed_n give_v to_o every_o one_o that_o which_o to_o he_o appertain_v three_o to_o be_v stout_a and_o void_a both_o of_o partial_a respect_n and_o fear_n and_o last_o to_o be_v temperate_a and_o moderate_a in_o their_o desire_n whoso_o desire_v to_o govern_v well_o and_o secure_o it_o behove_v he_o to_o have_v a_o vigilant_a eye_n to_o the_o proceed_n of_o great_a prince_n and_o to_o consider_v serious_o of_o their_o design_n for_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o small_a difficulty_n to_o live_v in_o peace_n with_o he_o who_o desire_v our_o amity_n and_o provide_v for_o other_o that_o endeavour_n to_o offend_v we_o the_o intelligence_n that_o prince_n study_v to_o attain_v be_v procure_v by_o divers_a mean_n some_o be_v bring_v by_o report_n some_o vent_v by_o conversation_n and_o sound_a some_o by_o mean_n of_o spial_n but_o the_o most_o sure_a and_o credibe_v occurrent_n be_v those_o which_o come_v from_o ambassador_n chiesly_a those_o that_o either_o for_o the_o greatness_n of_o their_o prince_n or_o their_o own_o virtue_n be_v of_o most_o reputation_n for_o those_o man_n converse_v daily_o with_o great_a personage_n and_o ponder_v diligent_o their_o manner_n word_n wisdom_n and_o the_o order_n of_o each_o man_n troceeding_n yea_o of_o the_o prince_n himself_o may_v with_o commodity_n attain_v unto_o matter_n of_o great_a importance_n soon_o than_o they_o that_o be_v writer_n of_o rumour_n or_o that_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o conjecture_n of_o thing_n to_o come_v whensoever_o a_o people_n be_v induce_v to_o commit_v so_o great_a a_o error_n as_o to_o give_v reputation_n to_o one_o only_a man_n to_o the_o end_n he_o shall_v oppress_v all_o those_o great_a man_n who_o they_o hate_v they_o thereby_o give_v he_o opportunity_n to_o become_v their_o prince_n and_o so_o be_v assist_v with_o their_o favour_n and_o aid_n he_o may_v likewise_o extinguish_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o they_o be_v extirpate_v he_o will_v also_o endeavour_v to_o tyrannize_v over_o the_o people_n by_o who_o help_n he_o aspire_v so_o many_o as_o be_v not_o consent_v
to_o the_o tyranny_n rest_n enemy_n to_o the_o person_n of_o the_o tyrant_n who_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n gain_v the_o love_n of_o all_o for_o impossible_a it_o be_v that_o the_o riches_n of_o any_o tyrant_n shall_v be_v so_o great_a and_o the_o honour_n he_o can_v give_v so_o many_o as_o may_v satisfy_v all_o hereof_o it_o come_v that_o those_o tyrant_n that_o be_v favour_v of_o the_o people_n and_o disfavored_a of_o the_o noble_n be_v most_o secure_a because_o their_o tyranny_n be_v support_v with_o a_o great_a strength_n have_v the_o multitude_n their_o friend_n then_o be_v the_o tyrant_n who_o the_o humour_n of_o the_o noble_n only_o have_v advance_v a_o dangerous_a thing_n it_o be_v in_o all_o commonwealth_n by_o continual_a punish_n to_o hold_v the_o mind_n of_o subject_n in_o suspicion_n for_o man_n ever_o fear_v their_o ruin_n will_v without_o respect_n determine_v to_o save_v themselves_o and_o as_o man_n desperate_a attempt_v innovation_n all_o capital_a execution_n ought_v therefore_o to_o be_v execute_v sudden_o and_o as_o it_o be_v at_o one_o instant_a so_o to_o assure_v the_o mind_n of_o man_n from_o furhe_a molestation_n the_o intent_n of_o every_o wise_a prince_n that_o make_v war_n either_o by_o election_n or_o ambition_n be_v to_o gain_v and_o hold_v what_o be_v get_v also_o to_o use_v the_o matter_n so_o as_o thereby_o he_o may_v enrich_v himself_o and_o not_o impoverish_v his_o own_o people_n or_o country_n he_o that_o enlarge_v his_o dominion_n do_v not_o always_o increase_v his_o power_n but_o he_o that_o increase_v in_o force_n as_o well_o as_o in_o dominion_n shall_v thereby_o grow_v great_a otherwise_o he_o gain_v no_o more_o than_o be_v short_o to_o be_v lose_v and_o consequent_o he_o ruin_v himself_o for_o who_o spend_v more_o in_o the_o war_n than_o he_o gain_v by_o victory_n lose_v both_o labour_n and_o cost_n every_o prince_n and_o commonwealth_n must_v above_o all_o thing_n take_v heed_n that_o no_o necessity_n how_o great_a soever_o do_v persuade_v he_o to_o bring_v into_o his_o dominion_n any_o auxiliary_a soldier_n because_o the_o hard_a condition_n the_o enemy_n can_v offer_v be_v more_o easy_a than_o be_v such_o a_o resolution_n a_o prince_n show_v his_o ruin_n at_o hand_n whensoever_o he_o begin_v to_o break_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v 〈◊〉_d have_v be_v long_a time_n obey_v by_o the_o to_o people_n of_o his_o dominion_n that_o prince_n which_o care_v to_o keep_v himself_o secure_a from_o conspiracy_n ought_v rather_o to_o fear_v those_o to_o who_o he_o have_v do_v overgreat_a favour_n than_o they_o who_o he_o have_v much_o injure_v for_o these_o want_n opportunity_n the_o other_o do_v not_o and_o both_o their_o desire_n be_v as_o one_o because_o the_o appetite_n of_o command_v be_v always_o as_o much_o or_o more_o than_o the_o desire_n of_o revenge_n whensoever_o a_o prince_n discover_v a_o conspiracy_n he_o must_v well_o consider_v the_o quality_n thereof_o measure_v the_o force_n of_o the_o conspirator_n with_o his_o own_o and_o find_v they_o many_o and_o mighty_a the_o knowledge_n thereof_o be_v to_o be_v dissemble_v until_o the_o prince_n power_n be_v prepare_v to_o oppose_v they_o otherwise_o he_o hazard_v his_o own_o security_n it_o have_v be_v by_o long_a experience_n find_v better_a to_o send_v one_o general_n to_o a_o army_n though_o he_o be_v of_o mean_a sufficiency_n than_o to_o give_v the_o same_o authority_n to_o two_o or_o more_o excellent_a personage_n with_o equal_a commission_n he_o that_o covet_v to_o be_v overmuch_o love_v ofttentimes_a become_v contemptible_a and_o he_o that_o endeavore_v to_o be_v overmuch_o fear_v be_v ever_o hate_a and_o to_o hold_v the_o mean_a between_o they_o can_v be_v exact_o do_v because_o nature_n will_v not_o so_o permit_v whoso_o aspire_v to_o any_o dignity_n must_v resolve_v himself_o to_o endure_v the_o envy_n of_o man_n and_o never_o to_o be_v move_v for_o any_o offence_n conceive_v against_o he_o though_o they_o that_o be_v offend_v be_v his_o dear_a friend_n neither_o shall_v he_o for_o the_o first_o affront_n or_o encounter_v relinquish_v his_o hope_n for_o he_o that_o constant_o make_v head_n against_o the_o assault_n of_o fortune_n shall_v after_o with_o facility_n arrive_v where_o he_o design_v in_o give_v council_n to_o a_o prince_n or_o commonwealth_n and_o therefore_o desire_v to_o eschew_v danger_n and_o offence_n no_o other_o mean_a be_v to_o be_v take_v than_o that_o the_o counsellor_n shall_v without_o passion_n or_o persuasion_n pronounce_v his_o opinion_n and_o never_o to_o affirm_v any_o thing_n as_o a_o resolution_n but_o with_o modesty_n to_o defend_v that_o he_o speak_v so_o as_o the_o prince_n which_o follow_v his_o advice_n may_v seem_v to_o do_v it_o voluntary_o and_o not_o force_v by_o the_o importunity_n of_o he_o that_o give_v the_o counsel_n a_o discreet_a captain_n be_v in_o the_o field_n against_o the_o enemy_n of_o who_o virtue_n he_o have_v have_v no_o proof_n ought_v first_o by_o light_a skirmish_n to_o feel_v of_o what_o virtue_n he_o be_v and_o not_o to_o enterprise_n any_o general_a adventnre_n to_o the_o end_n that_o terror_n or_o fame_n shall_v not_o daunt_v nor_o discourage_v his_o own_o soldier_n albeit_o fraud_n be_v in_o all_o action_n detest_v yet_o be_v the_o same_o in_o martial_n enter_v prize_n commendible_a and_o glorious_a for_o that_o captain_n who_o compass_v his_o design_n by_o wit_n or_o stratagem_n be_v no_o less_o commend_v than_o he_o that_o vanquisheth_z the_o enemy_n by_o violence_n and_o force_n in_o time_n of_o extremity_n when_o resolution_n must_v be_v take_v for_o the_o have_v or_o utter_a loss_n of_o the_o state_n than_o no_o regard_n be_v to_o be_v have_v of_o justice_n or_o injustice_n mercy_n or_o cruelty_n honour_n or_o ignominy_n but_o rather_o set_v aside_o all_o respect_n that_o course_n be_v to_o be_v follow_v which_o defend_v the_o life_n and_o liberty_n of_o men._n whoso_o desire_v to_o know_v what_o will_v be_v hereafter_o let_v he_o think_v of_o that_o be_v past_a for_o the_o world_n have_v ever_o be_v in_o a_o circular_a revolution_n whatsoever_o be_v now_o be_v heretofore_o and_o thing_n past_a or_o present_a be_v no_o other_o than_o such_o as_o shall_v be_v again_o redit_fw-la orbis_fw-la in_o orbem_fw-la a_o prince_n that_o desire_v to_o obtain_v any_o thing_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o another_o must_v if_o it_o be_v possible_a urge_v a_o sudden_a answer_n and_o lay_v before_o he_o that_o be_v move_v a_o necessity_n to_o resolve_v present_o give_v he_o to_o understand_v that_o denial_n or_o delay_n may_v breed_v a_o perilous_a and_o sudden_a indignation_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o difficult_a doubtful_a and_o dangerous_a than_o to_o attempt_v innovation_n for_o he_o that_o take_v in_o hand_n a_o enterprise_n of_o such_o quality_n make_v all_o those_o his_o enemy_n which_o live_v well_o under_o the_o old_a order_n and_o find_v they_o cold_a defender_n that_o affect_v his_o novelty_n which_o coldness_n proceed_v chief_o of_o incredulity_n for_o man_n be_v not_o easy_o induce_v to_o believe_v a_o new_a thing_n till_o experience_n have_v prove_v it_o to_o be_v good_a there_o be_v no_o art_n nor_o knowledge_n so_o seemly_a and_o necessary_a for_o a_o prince_n as_o the_o art_n military_a with_o theordinance_n and_o discipline_n thereof_o for_o that_o be_v the_o only_a skill_n require_v in_o he_o that_o command_v and_o such_o a_o virtue_n as_o do_v not_o only_o maintain_v they_o that_o be_v bear_v prince_n but_o often_o advance_v private_a man_n to_o that_o dignity_n the_o deep_a impression_n which_o old_a injury_n make_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o great_a man_n can_v with_o new_a benefit_n be_v raze_v out_o it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v remember_v that_o injury_n be_v do_v all_o together_o for_o they_o offend_v the_o less_o and_o will_v be_v forget_v the_o soon_o but_o benefit_n shall_v by_o little_a and_o little_o be_v bestow_v so_o shall_v the_o memory_n of_o they_o long_o continue_v a_o small_a pleasure_n or_o displeasure_n present_o do_v do_v move_v more_o than_o a_o great_a good_a turn_n bestow_v in_o time_n past_a for_o the_o taste_n of_o thing_n present_a do_v make_v a_o deep_a impression_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n than_o do_v the_o memory_n of_o thing_n past_a or_o expectation_n of_o thing_n to_o come_v it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o small_a difficulty_n to_o sound_v the_o discontentment_n of_o other_o men._n for_o every_o one_o do_v willing_o tell_v the_o well_o and_o ill_o deserve_v of_o friend_n and_o likewise_o how_o much_o or_o how_o little_a foe_n can_v do_v if_o we_o have_v patience_n to_o hear_v which_o patience_n be_v the_o begin_n of_o all_o good_a speed_n but_o he_o that_o delight_v to_o speak_v much_o and_o hear_v little_a shall_v ever_o inform_v other_o more_o than_o himself_o can_v learn_v among_o other_o danger_n
the_o dominion_n of_o any_o other_o prince_n unless_o he_o assure_v himself_o of_o some_o friend_n there_o to_o be_v a_o mean_a and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o gate_n to_o prepare_v his_o passage_n example_n the_o roman_n by_o aid_n of_o the_o saguntines_n enter_v spain_n the_o aetoli_n call_v they_o into_o greece_n the_o hediai_n into_o france_n likewise_o the_o palaeologi_fw-la incite_v the_o turk_n to_o come_v into_o thrace_n and_o ludovicus_n 〈◊〉_d occasion_v charles_n the_o french_a king_n to_o come_v into_o italy_n a_o republic_n desirous_a to_o extend_v the_o bound_n thereof_o must_v endeavour_v to_o be_v full_o furnish_v with_o inhabitant_n which_o may_v be_v do_v both_o by_o love_n and_o force_n love_n be_v gain_v by_o suffer_a stranger_n to_o inhabit_v the_o city_n secure_o and_o force_n compel_v people_n to_o come_v thither_o when_o other_o city_n and_o town_n near_o at_o hand_n be_v demolish_v or_o desace_v and_o impossible_a it_o be_v without_o this_o order_n of_o proceed_v to_o enlarge_v any_o city_n or_o make_v the_o same_o of_o great_a power_n example_n the_o roman_n to_o enlarge_v their_o city_n demolish_v alba_n and_o many_o other_o town_n and_o therewith_o also_o entertain_v all_o stranger_n courtcous_o so_o as_o rome_n grow_v to_o such_o greatness_n that_o the_o city_n only_o can_v arm_v six_o hundred_o and_o forty_o thousand_o man_n but_o sparta_n or_o athens_n can_v never_o exceed_v twenty_o thousand_o for_o that_o lycurgus_n have_v inhibit_v the_o access_n of_o stranger_n a_o commonwealth_n that_o consume_v more_o treasure_n in_o the_o war_n than_o it_o profit_v in_o victory_n seem_v to_o have_v rather_o hinder_v than_o honour_v or_o enrich_v the_o state_n a_o wise_a captain_n therefore_o in_o his_o action_n aught_o as_o well_o to_o profit_v the_o republic_n as_o to_o gain_v to_o himself_o glory_n example_n the_o consul_n of_o rome_n do_v seldom_o desire_v triumph_n unless_o they_o return_v from_o the_o war_n load_v with_o gold_n silver_n and_o other_o rich_a spoil_n fit_a to_o be_v deliver_v into_o the_o common_a treasury_n all_o foreign_a war_n be_v with_o prince_n or_o other_o state_n take_v in_o hand_n be_v either_o for_o ambition_n or_o desire_n of_o glory_n or_o else_o for_o necessity_n example_n the_o roman_n for_o their_o ambition_n conquer_v many_o nation_n with_o intent_n only_o to_o have_v the_o obedience_n of_o the_o people_n yet_o do_v they_o suffer_v they_o to_o hold_v possession_n of_o their_o house_n and_o sometime_o they_o be_v permit_v to_o live_v only_o with_o their_o old_a law_n likewise_o alexander_n the_o great_a endeavour_v to_o suppress_v many_o prince_n for_o his_o glory_n but_o do_v not_o dispossess_v the_o people_n nor_o kill_v they_o otherwise_o it_o be_v where_o a_o whole_a nation_n enforce_v by_o famine_n or_o fury_n of_o war_n abandon_v their_o own_o dwelling_n and_o be_v force_v to_o inhabit_v elsewhere_o example_n the_o goth_n and_o other_o people_n of_o the_o north_n invade_v the_o roman_a empire_n and_o many_o other_o province_n whereof_o their_o alteration_n of_o name_n do_v ensue_v as_o illyria_n now_o call_v slavonia_n england_n former_o name_v britain_n a_o common_a conceit_n and_o say_v it_o be_v that_o money_n make_v the_o war_n strong_a and_o be_v the_o force_n and_o sinew_n thereof_o as_o though_o he_o who_o have_v most_o treasure_n be_v also_o most_o mighty_a but_o experience_n have_v apparent_o show_v the_o contrary_n example_n after_o the_o death_n of_o alexander_n king_n of_o macedon_n a_o multitude_n of_o gaul_n go_v into_o greece_n and_o be_v there_o arrive_v send_v certain_a ambassador_n to_o the_o king_n who_o suppose_v to_o make_v they_o afraid_a of_o his_o power_n show_v they_o his_o treasure_n which_o wrought_v a_o contrary_a effect_n for_o the_o gaul_n before_o desirous_a of_o peace_n resolve_v then_o to_o continue_v the_o war_n in_o hope_n to_o win_v that_o mighty_a mass_n of_o mony_n likewise_o darius_n shall_v have_v vanquish_v alexander_n and_o the_o greek_n may_v have_v conquer_v the_o roman_n if_o the_o rich_a prince_n may_v ever_o by_o his_o money_n have_v prevail_v every_o league_n make_v with_o a_o prince_n or_o republic_n remote_a be_v weak_a and_o rather_o aid_v we_o with_o fame_n than_o effect_v and_o consequent_o deceive_v all_o those_o that_o in_o such_o amity_n repose_v confidence_n example_n the_o florentine_n be_v assault_v by_o the_o king_n of_o naples_n and_o the_o pope_n pray_v aid_n of_o the_o french_a king_n who_o be_v far_o distant_a can_v not_o in_o time_n succour_v they_o and_o the_o cedicini_fw-la desire_v aid_n of_o the_o capuani_n against_o the_o samnite_n a_o people_n of_o no_o force_n be_v deceive_v a_o prince_n who_o people_n be_v well_o arm_v and_o train_v shall_v do_v better_a to_o attend_v his_o enemy_n at_o home_n than_o by_o invasion_n to_o assault_v his_o country_n but_o such_o prince_n who_o subject_n be_v disarm_v have_v need_n to_o hold_v the_o enemy_n aloof_o example_n the_o roman_n and_o in_o this_o age_n the_o swiss_n be_v well_o arm_v may_v attend_v the_o war_n at_o home_n but_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o italian_n be_v not_o so_o well_o furnish_v do_v ever_o use_v to_o seek_v the_o enemy_n the_o plurality_n of_o commander_n in_o equal_a authority_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n occasion_n of_o slow_a proceed_v in_o the_o war._n example_n there_o be_v at_o one_o time_n in_o rome_n create_v four_o tribuni_fw-la militares_fw-la with_o authority_n of_o consul_n viz._n t._n quintus_fw-la after_o his_o consulship_n cajus_n furius_n m._n posthumus_n and_o a._n cornelius_n cassius_n among_o who_o arise_v so_o much_o diversity_n and_o contrariety_n of_o opinion_n as_o nothing_o can_v be_v do_v till_o their_o authority_n cease_v and_o m._n aemylius_n make_v dictator_n a_o victory_n obtain_v by_o any_o great_a captain_n with_o the_o authority_n of_o his_o prince_n commission_n 〈◊〉_d and_o direction_n ought_v ever_o to_o be_v impute_v rather_o to_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o prince_n than_o the_o valour_n of_o the_o captain_n which_o make_v the_o emperor_n of_o rome_n to_o permit_v no_o captain_n how_o great_a soever_o his_o victory_n be_v to_o triumph_n as_o before_o that_o time_n the_o consul_n have_v do_v and_o even_o in_o those_o day_n a_o modest_a refusal_n of_o triumph_n be_v commend_v example_n m._n fulvius_n have_v gain_v a_o great_a victory_n against_o the_o tuscan_n be_v both_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n of_o rome_n admit_v to_o triumph_n but_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o that_o honour_n prove_v his_o great_a glory_n all_o they_o that_o from_o private_a estate_n have_v aspire_v to_o principality_n either_o by_o force_n or_o fraud_n be_v come_v thereunto_o unless_o the_o same_o be_v give_v or_o by_o inheritance_n descend_v yet_o it_o be_v rare_o see_v that_o force_v alone_o prevail_v but_o fraud_n without_o force_n ofttimes_o suffice_v example_n agathocles_n by_o such_o mean_n become_v prince_n of_o 〈◊〉_d john_n galeazzo_n by_o abuse_v his_o uncle_n barnabas_n gain_v the_o dominion_n of_o lombardy_n and_o cyrus_n circumvent_v cyaxares_n his_o mother_n brother_n and_o by_o that_o craft_n aspire_v to_o greatness_n sudden_a resolution_n be_v always_o dangerous_a and_o no_o less_o peril_n ensue_v of_o slow_a and_o doubtful_a delay_n example_n when_o hieron_n prince_n of_o syracuse_n die_v the_o war_n even_o then_o be_v in_o great_a heat_n between_o the_o roman_n and_o carthaginian_n they_o of_o syracuse_n consult_v whether_o it_o be_v better_a to_o follow_v the_o fortune_n of_o rome_n or_o carthage_n in_o which_o doubt_v they_o continue_v until_o apollonides_n a_o chief_a captain_n of_o syracuse_n lay_v before_o they_o that_o so_o long_a delay_n will_v make_v they_o hate_v both_o of_o roman_n and_o carthaginian_n likewise_o the_o florentine_n be_v by_o lewis_n the_o twelve_o require_v to_o give_v his_o army_n passage_n towards_o naples_n muse_v so_o long_o upon_o a_o answer_n that_o he_o become_v their_o enemy_n and_o they_o force_v to_o recover_v his_o favour_n full_a dear_o to_o govern_v a_o state_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o take_v such_o order_n as_o the_o subject_n may_v not_o or_o ought_v not_o to_o offend_v which_o may_v be_v do_v either_o by_o remove_v from_o they_o all_o mean_n to_o disobey_v or_o by_o afford_v they_o so_o great_a favour_n as_o reasonable_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o change_v their_o fortune_n for_o the_o mean_a course_n prove_v dangerous_a example_n the_o latin_n be_v by_o the_o valour_n of_o camillus_n overcome_v yield_v themselves_o to_o endure_v what_o punishment_n it_o please_v the_o roman_n to_o inflict_v a_o ingenious_a and_o magnanimous_a answer_n be_v make_v unto_o wise_a magistrate_n do_v oft_o obtain_v both_o pardon_n and_o grace_n example_n when_o the_o privernates_n have_v rebel_v and_o be_v by_o force_n constrain_v to_o return_v to_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o roman_n they_o send_v certain_a of_o the_o city_n unto_o rome_n
the_o virtue_n or_o greatness_n of_o fortune_n or_o friend_n a_o prince_n by_o any_o or_o all_o these_o mean_n advance_v and_o desirous_a to_o hold_v his_o estate_n must_v endeavour_n by_o his_o own_o virtue_n to_o maintain_v himself_o without_o depend_v upon_o any_o other_o which_o may_v be_v do_v by_o this_o mean_n first_o to_o assure_v all_o enemy_n from_o offend_v second_o to_o win_v the_o love_n and_o friendship_n of_o so_o many_o neighbour_n as_o possible_o he_o may_v three_o to_o compass_v all_o design_n tend_v to_o his_o honour_n or_o profit_n and_o bring_v they_o to_o pass_v either_o by_o fraud_n or_o force_n four_o to_o make_v himself_o honour_v and_o follow_v of_o captain_n and_o soldier_n five_o to_o oppress_v all_o those_o that_o will_v or_o can_v offend_v six_o to_o be_v obsequious_a and_o liberal_a to_o friend_n magnanimous_a and_o terrible_a to_o foe_n seven_o to_o cass_n all_o old_a and_o unfaithful_a band_n and_o entertain_v new_a eight_o to_o hold_v such_o amity_n with_o king_n and_o prince_n as_o they_o ought_v reasonable_o to_o favour_v he_o or_o else_o they_o will_v offend_v easy_o they_o can_v example_n giovannio_n torrigiani_n caesar_n borgi_n the_o three_o and_o last_o mean_n whereby_o private_a person_n do_v aspire_v to_o principality_n be_v not_o force_n and_o violence_n but_o mere_a good_a will_n and_o favor_n of_o men._n the_o cause_n or_o occasion_n thereof_o be_v only_a virtue_n or_o fortune_n or_o at_o least_o a_o certain_a fortunate_a craft_n and_o wittiness_n because_o he_o aspire_v either_o by_o favour_n of_o the_o people_n or_o by_o favour_n of_o the_o nobility_n for_o these_o contrary_a humour_n be_v in_o all_o commonwealth_n to_o be_v find_v and_o the_o reason_n thereof_o be_v that_o the_o great_a man_n do_v ever_o endeavour_v to_o oppress_v the_o people_n and_o the_o people_n do_v labour_v not_o to_o be_v oppress_v by_o they_o of_o these_o divers_a appetite_n one_o of_o these_o three_o effect_n do_v proceed_v viz._n principality_n liberty_n or_o licentious_a life_n principality_n may_v come_v either_o by_o love_n of_o the_o multitude_n or_o of_o the_o great_a man_n for_o when_o any_o of_o these_o faction_n do_v find_v itself_o oppress_v then_o do_v they_o soon_o consent_v to_o make_v one_o a_o prince_n hope_v by_o his_o virtue_n and_o valour_n to_o be_v defend_v example_n francisco_n sforza_n alessandro_n de_fw-fr medici_n a_o prince_n in_o this_o sort_n aspire_v to_o maintain_v his_o estate_n must_v first_o consider_v well_o by_o which_o of_o these_o faction_n aforesaid_a he_o be_v advance_v for_o if_o by_o favour_n of_o great_a man_n he_o be_v aspire_v then_o must_v he_o meet_v with_o many_o difficulty_n for_o have_v about_o he_o divers_a person_n of_o great_a quality_n and_o such_o as_o be_v but_o late_o his_o equal_n hardly_o shall_v he_o command_v they_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o it_o behove_v but_o if_o the_o prince_n be_v advance_v by_o the_o people_n few_o or_o none_o shall_v hardly_o disobey_v he_o so_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o prince_n make_v by_o the_o multitude_n be_v much_o more_o secure_a than_o he_o who_o the_o nobility_n prefer_v for_o common_a people_n do_v not_o desire_v to_o enjoy_v more_o than_o their_o own_o and_o to_o be_v defend_v from_o oppression_n but_o great_a man_n do_v study_v not_o only_o to_o hold_v their_o own_o but_o also_o to_o command_v and_o insult_v upon_o inferior_n note_v that_o all_o monarchy_n be_v principality_n but_o all_o principality_n be_v not_o monarchy_n chap._n vii_o of_o council_n and_o counsellor_n in_o general_n a_o senate_n or_o council_n be_v a_o certain_a lawful_a assembly_n of_o counsellor_n to_o give_v advice_n to_o he_o or_o they_o that_o have_v in_o the_o commonweal_n power_n sovereign_a a_o counsellor_n be_v call_v in_o the_o latin_a senator_n which_o word_n signify_v in_o effect_n a_o old_a man_n the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n also_o most_o common_o compose_v their_o council_n of_o ancient_a and_o expert_a person_n for_o if_o they_o or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o have_v be_v young_a man_n than_o may_v the_o council_n have_v more_o proper_o be_v call_v a_o juvenate_n than_o a_o senate_n the_o chief_a and_o most_o necessary_a note_n require_v in_o a_o counsellor_n be_v to_o have_v no_o dependence_n of_o any_o other_o prince_n or_o commonweal_n either_o oath_n homage_n natural_a obligation_n pension_n or_o reward_n in_o this_o point_n the_o venetian_n have_v be_v ever_o most_o precise_a and_o for_o that_o reason_n do_v not_o admit_v any_o cardinal_n or_o other_o clergyman_n to_o be_v either_o of_o or_o at_o their_o council_n therefore_o when_o the_o venetian_a senate_n be_v assemble_v the_o usher_n be_v ready_a to_o shut_v the_o door_n cry_v aloud_o fuora_n preti_n depart_v priest_n note_v also_o that_o in_o every_o state_n of_o what_o quality_n soever_o a_o secret_a or_o cabinet-council_n be_v main_o necessary_a chap._n viii_o of_o council_n in_o some_o particular_a monarchy_n aristocraty_n and_o democraty_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n for_o the_o government_n of_o his_o dominion_n have_v seven_o council_n viz._n the_o council_n of_o the_o indies_n the_o council_n of_o spain_n the_o council_n of_o italy_n and_o the_o low_a country_n the_o council_n of_o war_n the_o council_n of_o order_n the_o council_n of_o inquisition_n and_o the_o council_n royal._n in_o france_n be_v three_o council_n viz._n the_o council_n srivy_a the_o council_n of_o judge_n which_o they_o call_v president_n et_fw-fr conceliers_n de_fw-fr parliament_n and_o the_o great_a council_n which_o they_o call_v assembly_n du_fw-ge troy'_v estate_n of_o council_n in_o aristocraty_n in_o venice_n beside_o the_o senate_n and_o great_a council_n be_v four_o council_n viz._n the_o sage_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o sage_n of_o the_o land_n the_o council_n of_o tenn_n the_o three_o precedent_n of_o quarantia_n and_o the_o senate_n all_o which_o council_n do_v amount_v to_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o person_n with_o the_o magistrate_n the_o great_a council_n of_o ragusa_n consist_v of_o sixty_o person_n and_o have_v another_o privy_a council_n of_o twelve_o of_o council_n in_o democraty_n genova_n have_v three_o council_n the_o great_a council_n of_o two_o hundred_o the_o senate_n which_o consist_v of_o sixty_o and_o the_o privy_a council_n which_o have_v twenty_o six_o counsellor_n so_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o in_o all_o commonwealth_n be_v they_o monarchy_n aristocracy_n or_o popular_a state_n the_o council-privy_a be_v most_o necessary_a and_o often_o use_v also_o this_o difference_n be_v to_o be_v note_v between_o the_o council_n in_o monarchy_n and_o the_o council_n in_o aristocracy_n and_o state_n popular_a that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o all_o deliberation_n fit_a to_o be_v publish_v be_v in_o a_o monarchy_n consult_v and_o resolve_v upon_o in_o the_o council_n privy_a and_o after_o ratify_v by_o common_a council_n but_o in_o optimacy_n or_o popular_a government_n the_o custom_n be_v contrary_a here_o also_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o albeit_o the_o use_v and_o authority_n of_o every_o senate_n a_o privy_a council_n be_v most_o needful_a yet_o have_v it_o no_o authority_n to_o command_v but_o in_o the_o name_n of_o those_o in_o who_o the_o sovereignty_n rest_v for_o if_o counsellor_n have_v power_n to_o command_v absolute_o then_o shall_v they_o be_v sovereign_n and_o consequent_o all_o execution_n at_o their_o pleasure_n which_o may_v not_o be_v without_o detract_n from_o majesty_n which_o be_v a_o thing_n so_o sovereign_a and_o sacred_a as_o no_o citizen_n or_o subject_n of_o what_o quality_n soever_o may_v touch_v or_o approach_v thereunto_o chap._n ix_o of_o officer_n and_o commissioner_n with_o their_o respective_a distinction_n a_o officer_n be_v a_o person_n public_a that_o have_v charge_v ordinary_a and_o limit_v by_o law_n a_o commissioner_n be_v also_o a_o person_n public_a but_o his_o charge_n be_v extraordinary_a and_o limit_v by_o commission_n officer_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n and_o so_o be_v commissioner_n the_o one_o have_v power_n to_o command_v and_o be_v call_v magistrate_n the_o other_o have_v authority_n to_o execute_v so_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v person_n public_a yet_o be_v not_o all_o public_a person_n either_o officer_n or_o commissioner_n commissioner_n be_v ordain_v to_o govern_v in_o province_n in_o war_n in_o justice_n in_o dispose_v the_o treasure_n or_o some_o other_o function_n concern_v the_o state_n but_o all_o commission_n do_v spring_n and_o proceed_v from_o the_o sovereign_n magistrate_n and_o commissioner_n and_o here_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o every_o commission_n cease_v if_o he_o that_o grant_v the_o commission_n do_v die_v or_o revoke_v it_o or_o if_o the_o commissioner_n during_o his_o commission_n shall_v aspire_v to_o office_n and_o authority_n equal_a to_o his_o that_o make_v it_o chap._n x._o of_o magistrate_n their_o qualification_n and_o election_n a_o magistrate_n be_v a_o officer_n have_v
the_o quality_n require_v in_o a_o chieftain_n be_v these_o skill_n virtue_n providence_n authority_n and_o fortune_n by_o skill_n we_o mean_v he_o shall_v be_v of_o great_a knowledge_n and_o long_a experience_n or_o to_o make_v a_o suffieient_a captain_n the_o information_n of_o other_o or_o his_o own_o read_n be_v not_o enough_o qui_fw-la norit_fw-la quis_fw-la ordo_fw-la agminis_fw-la quae_fw-la cura_fw-la exploandi_fw-la quantus_fw-la urgendo_fw-la trahendove_n bello_fw-la modus_fw-la cic._n military_a virtue_n be_v a_o certain_a vigour_n or_o force_n both_o of_o body_n and_o mind_n to_o exercise_v soldier_n as_o well_o in_o feign_a war_n as_o to_o sight_n with_o the_o enemy_n and_o summary_o a_o captain_n ought_v to_o be_v laboriosus_fw-la in_o negotio_fw-la fortis_fw-la in_o periculo_fw-la industrius_fw-la in_o agendo_fw-la celeris_fw-la in_o conficiendo_fw-la cic._n next_o to_o virtue_n we_o place_v providence_n as_o necessary_a in_o great_a captain_n for_o be_v of_o such_o wisdom_n they_o will_v not_o hazard_v nor_o commit_v more_o to_o fortune_n than_o necessity_n shall_v enforce_v yet_o true_a it_o be_v fool_n and_o vulgar_a folk_n that_o commend_v or_o discommend_v action_n according_a to_o success_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v cunctatio_fw-la servilis_fw-la statim_fw-la exequi_fw-la regium_fw-la est_fw-la but_o advise_v and_o provident_a captain_n do_v think_v temerit_v as_o praeterquam_fw-la quod_fw-la stulta_fw-la est_fw-la etiam_fw-la infelix_fw-la livi._n albeit_o providence_n be_v the_o best_a mean_n of_o good_a speed_n yet_o some_o captain_n of_o that_o quality_n and_o in_o skill_n excel_v have_v be_v in_o their_o action_n unlucky_a when_o other_o of_o less_o sufficiency_n have_v marvellous_o prevail_v we_o may_v therefore_o reasonable_o say_v with_o cic._n quod_fw-la olim_fw-la maximo_fw-la marcello_n scipioni_n mario_n &_o caeteris_fw-la magnis_fw-la imperatoribus_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la propter_fw-la virtutem_fw-la sed_fw-la etiam_fw-la propter_fw-la fortunam_fw-la soepius_fw-la imperia_fw-la mandata_fw-la atque_fw-la exercitus_fw-la esse_fw-la commissos_fw-la cic._n last_o we_o wish_v authority_n to_o be_v in_o chieftain_n for_o it_o great_o import_v what_o opinion_n or_o conceit_n the_o enemy_n have_v of_o such_o a_o governor_n and_o likewise_o how_o much_o his_o friend_n and_o confederate_n do_v esteem_v he_o but_o the_o chief_a and_o only_o mean_v to_o maintain_v authority_n be_v austerity_n and_o terror_n dux_n authoritatem_fw-la maximam_fw-la severitate_fw-la sumat_fw-la omnes_fw-la culpas_fw-la militares_fw-la legibus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d nulli_fw-la errantium_fw-la credatur_fw-la ignoscere_fw-la veget._n also_o experience_n have_v prove_v that_o such_o chieftain_n as_o be_v affable_a and_o kind_a to_o their_o soldier_n be_v much_o love_v yet_o do_v they_o incur_v a_o contempt_n but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n those_o that_o command_v severe_o and_o terrible_o although_o they_o gain_v no_o good_a will_n yet_o be_v they_o ever_o obey_v dux_n sacilis_fw-la inutilis_fw-la app._n chap._n xxiii_o of_o council_n in_o war_n and_o direction_n tactick_a and_o stratagematick_a with_o advice_n how_o to_o make_v a_o honourable_a peace_n after_o man_n find_v and_o frame_v sit_v for_o the_o war_n to_o small_a or_o no_o purpose_n shall_v they_o serve_v unless_o they_o be_v 〈◊〉_d by_o wisdom_n or_o good_a council_n mon_fw-fr minus_fw-la est_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la consilio_fw-la quam_fw-la vi_fw-la persicere_fw-la tac._n council_n in_o war_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n direct_a council_n and_o indirect_a the_o first_o show_v a_o plain_a and_o orderly_a course_n for_o proceed_v as_o to_o lay_v hold_n on_o occasion_n for_o as_o in_o all_o other_o humane_a action_n occasion_n 〈◊〉_d of_o great_a force_n occasio_fw-la in_o bello_fw-la solet_fw-la amplius_fw-la juvare_fw-la quam_fw-la virtus_fw-la veget._n as_o occasion_n present_v be_v mean_n of_o good_a success_n so_o fame_n work_v 〈◊〉_d effect_n in_o the_o war_n therefore_o it_o 〈◊〉_d a_o captain_n to_o be_v constant_a and_o not_o 〈◊〉_d to_o believe_v the_o vain_a rumour_n and_o report_n of_o man_n male_a imperatur_fw-la cum_fw-la regit_fw-la vulgus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d suos_fw-la sen._n confidence_n be_v also_o to_o be_v eschew_v for_o no_o man_n be_v soon_o surprise_v than_o he_o who_o fear_v least_o also_o contempt_n of_o the_o enemy_n have_v be_v occasion_n of_o great_a discomfiture_n therefore_o as_o a_o captain_n ought_v not_o to_o fear_v so_o shall_v he_o not_o contemn_v his_o enemy_n nimia_fw-la fiducia_fw-la semper_fw-la obnoxia_fw-la aemyl_n as_o security_n and_o overmuch_o estimation_n of_o our_o own_o virtue_n or_o valour_n be_v hurtful_a so_o do_v it_o import_v every_o good_a captain_n to_o be_v well_o inform_v not_o only_o of_o his_o own_o force_n but_o also_o of_o what_o strength_n the_o enemy_n be_v likewise_o it_o behove_v he_o to_o know_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o country_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o people_n with_o every_o other_o circumstance_n moreover_o the_o general_n honour_n and_o capacity_n ought_v to_o be_v know_v with_o the_o condition_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o enemy_n impetus_fw-la acre_n cunctatione_n languescunt_fw-la aut_fw-la in_o persidiam_fw-la mutantur_fw-la tac._n temerity_n in_o war_n be_v also_o dangerous_a sor_n wise_a captain_n be_v wont_a not_o to_o enterprise_n any_o thing_n without_o deliberation_n and_o good_a opportunity_n unless_o they_o be_v thereunto_o by_o necessity_n enforce_v in_o rebus_fw-la asperis_fw-la &_o tenui_fw-la spe_fw-la fortissima_fw-la quaque_fw-la consilia_fw-la tulissima_fw-la sunt_fw-la livi._n some_o wise_a man_n not_o superstitious_o but_o discreet_o do_v think_v prodigious_a sign_n from_o heaven_n or_o on_o earth_n be_v not_o to_o be_v neglect_v neither_o be_v dream_n in_o time_n of_o war_n to_o be_v contemn_v nam_fw-la amat_fw-la benignit_fw-la as_o numinis_fw-la seu_fw-la quod_fw-la merentur_fw-la homines_fw-la seu_fw-la quod_fw-la tangitur_fw-la eorum_fw-la affectione_n his_o quoque_fw-la rationibus_fw-la prodere_fw-la quae_fw-la impendent_a aemi_n a_o wise_a captain_n will_v also_o wait_v opportunity_n and_o spy_v out_o fit_a time_n when_o the_o enemy_n be_v weary_v or_o pretend_v fear_n draw_v he_o into_o danger_n which_o advantage_n with_o many_o other_o be_v gain_v chiesly_a by_o observe_v of_o time_n quia_fw-la si_fw-la in_o occasionis_fw-la momento_n cujus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d opportunit_v as_o cunct_v at_o we_o paulum_fw-la fueris_fw-la nequicquam_fw-la mox_fw-la omissam_fw-la querare_fw-la livi._n next_o the_o observation_n of_o time_n the_o place_n be_v to_o be_v well_o consider_v whether_o it_o be_v for_o thy_o advantage_n or_o thy_o enemy_n amplius_fw-la prodest_fw-la locus_fw-la saepe_fw-la quam_fw-la virtus_fw-la veget._n three_o it_o import_v much_o that_o man_n be_v well_o order_v train_v and_o prepare_v for_o the_o fight_n for_o the_o want_n of_o art_n be_v cause_n of_o many_o disadvantage_n and_o many_o time_n a_o small_a supply_n of_o choice_a soldier_n on_o horseback_n or_o foot_n do_v seem_v to_o the_o enemy_n very_o terrible_a likewise_o a_o sudden_a shout_n or_o conceit_n have_v amaze_v a_o whole_a army_n milites_fw-la vanis_fw-la &_o inanibus_fw-la magis_fw-la quam_fw-la justis_fw-la formidinis_fw-la causis_fw-la moventur_fw-la curt._n four_o it_o be_v to_o good_a purpose_n that_o in_o order_v of_o man_n for_o fight_n soldiers_z of_o one_o country_n or_o nation_n shall_v be_v range_v together_o and_o above_o all_o to_o foresee_v that_o the_o least_o loss_n of_o blood_n be_v among_o the_o natural_a subject_n and_o so_o handle_v the_o matter_n that_o the_o chief_a slaughter_n light_n upon_o stranger_n and_o mercenary_n ingens_fw-la victoriae_fw-la decus_fw-la citra_fw-la domesticum_fw-la sanguinem_fw-la bellanti_fw-la tac._n the_o general_n own_o courage_n and_o lively_a disposition_n to_o fight_n will_v great_o animate_v the_o multitude_n of_o soldier_n as_o a_o contrary_a 〈◊〉_d or_o appearance_n of_o fear_n will_n exceed_o amaze_v and_o daunt_v necesse_fw-la estad_fw-es fugam_fw-la parati_fw-la sint_fw-la qui_fw-la ducem_fw-la suum_fw-la sentiunt_fw-la desperare_fw-la veget._n it_o be_v also_o for_o thy_o great_a advantage_n that_o the_o force_n shall_v be_v order_v for_o the_o fight_n before_o the_o enemy_n be_v prepare_v first_o for_o that_o thou_o may_v the_o better_o perform_v what_o thou_o think_v fit_a to_o be_v do_v second_o that_o thereby_o thy_o own_o force_n will_v thereof_o receive_v great_a courage_n be_v ready_a to_o assail_v the_o enemy_n and_o to_o begin_v the_o fight_n plus_fw-fr animi_fw-la est_fw-la inferenti_fw-la periculum_fw-la quam_fw-la propulsanti_fw-la livi._n after_o victory_n it_o be_v not_o the_o best_a policy_n to_o execute_v the_o enemy_n with_o extreme_a cruelty_n but_o proceed_v moderate_o for_o it_o shall_v suffice_v the_o victory_n be_v thou_o clausis_fw-la ex_fw-la desperatione_n crescit_fw-la audacia_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la spei_fw-la nihil_fw-la est_fw-la sumit_fw-la arma_fw-la fermido_fw-la veget._n last_o i_o will_v advise_v that_o the_o general_n shall_v be_v wary_a in_o his_o action_n and_o in_o every_o enterprise_n to_o frustrate_v the_o soldier_n from_o spoil_n and_o pillage_n saepe_fw-la obstitit_fw-la vincentibus_fw-la pravum_fw-la inter_fw-la ipsos_fw-la certamen_fw-la 〈◊〉_d host_n spolia_fw-la consectanda_fw-la tac._n of_o direct_a council_n let_v that_o we_o have_v say_v suffice_v
retain_v any_o force_n long_o than_o the_o time_n of_o his_o commission_n example_n the_o dictator_n of_o rome_n be_v in_o this_o point_n so_o precise_a as_o never_o any_o of_o they_o dare_v to_o transgress_v the_o time_n prefix_v till_o caesar_n obtain_v that_o dignity_n shall_v continue_v in_o he_o for_o life_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o his_o usurpation_n of_o the_o state_n also_o the_o theban_n command_v that_o if_o the_o general_n of_o their_o army_n do_v hold_v his_o force_n one_o day_n long_o than_o the_o time_n prefix_v he_o shall_v thereby_o incur_v danger_n of_o death_n which_o justice_n be_v execute_v upon_o epaminondas_n and_o pelopidas_n banishment_n of_o great_a lord_n or_o citizen_n of_o great_a reputation_n have_v be_v in_o divers_a place_n diverse_o use_v for_o in_o the_o one_o they_o be_v enforce_v only_o to_o absent_v themselves_o without_o further_a infliction_n in_o the_o other_o banishment_n be_v accompany_v with_o consiscation_n a_o course_n of_o great_a danger_n example_n in_o argos_n athens_n ephesus_n and_o other_o city_n of_o greece_n the_o citizen_n puissant_a in_o friend_n virtue_n or_o riches_n be_v many_o time_n banish_v for_o envy_n or_o fear_v but_o never_o or_o very_o rare_o force_v to_o absent_v themselves_o long_o than_o ten_o year_n and_o that_o without_o loss_n of_o good_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o never_o any_o of_o they_o war_v against_o the_o country_n but_o dion_n be_v banish_v syracuse_n by_o dionysius_n junior_n and_o coriolanus_n from_o rome_n do_v make_v mighty_a war_n against_o their_o own_o country_n the_o like_a be_v do_v by_o the_o medici_n in_o florence_n honourable_a and_o magnanimous_a man_n be_v wont_a not_o only_o to_o enterprise_v great_a act_n but_o also_o to_o suffer_v patient_o all_o injury_n which_o foe_n or_o fortune_n can_v expose_v they_o to_o as_o resolve_v that_o no_o calamity_n be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o make_v their_o mind_n abject_a or_o to_o forget_v the_o dignity_n appertain_v to_o person_n virtuous_a example_n after_o the_o defeat_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n upon_o the_o river_n allia_n the_o 〈◊〉_d pursue_v the_o victory_n even_o to_o 〈◊〉_d wall_n whither_o be_v come_v and_o find_v the_o gate_n open_a without_o any_o sign_n of_o resistance_n they_o enter_v the_o street_n where_o all_o honourable_a palace_n be_v also_o unshut_a which_o cause_v the_o galli_n great_o to_o doubt_v nevertheless_o look_v into_o the_o house_n they_o find_v in_o every_o of_o they_o a_o senator_n set_v in_o a_o chair_n of_o state_n and_o in_o his_o hand_n a_o rod_n of_o ivory_n his_o person_n be_v also_o vest_v with_o robe_n of_o dignity_n which_o majestic_a spectacle_n do_v marvellous_o amate_v the_o galli_n not_o have_v before_o that_o time_n see_v any_o such_o reverend_a sight_n and_o therefore_o do_v not_o only_o refrain_v to_o osfer_v violence_n but_o high_o admire_v the_o roman_a courage_n chiesly_a in_o that_o fortune_n nevertheless_o at_o length_n a_o rude_a gall_n happen_v with_o his_o hand_n to_o touch_v the_o white_a beard_n of_o m._n papyrius_n whereat_o he_o take_v 〈◊〉_d disdain_n strike_v he_o with_o his_o rod_n in_o requital_n whereof_o the_o barbarian_a slay_v papyrius_n and_o by_o that_o example_n all_o the_o other_o senator_n and_o person_n of_o dignity_n be_v also_o slay_v albeit_o the_o knowledge_n and_o study_n of_o letter_n be_v both_o commendable_a and_o necesssary_a in_o all_o well_o regulate_v state_n yet_o if_o under_o so_o honest_a pretence_n idleness_n enter_v such_o abuse_v most_o seasonable_o be_v soreseen_v and_o rernove_v example_n when_o deognis_n and_o 〈◊〉_d two_o excellent_a philosopher_n be_v send_v ambassador_n from_o athens_n to_o the_o romman_n many_o of_o the_o nobility_n that_o besore_n dispose_v themselves_o to_o arm_n allure_v with_o their_o eloquence_n and_o marvellous_a wisdom_n begin_v with_o great_a admiration_n to_o follow_v they_o and_o in_o lieu_n of_o arm_n turn_v their_o endeavour_n to_o the_o study_n of_o letter_n which_o the_o wise_a cato_n discern_v procure_v the_o senate_n to_o decree_v that_o to_o eschew_v all_o inconvenience_n which_o so_o honest_a idleness_n may_v breed_v no_o philosopher_n shall_v from_o thenceforth_o be_v receive_v into_o rome_n the_o honour_n due_a to_o magistrate_n be_v ancient_o much_o regard_v and_o contrariwise_o all_o irreverent_a and_o undutisul_n behaviour_n with_o great_a severity_n punish_v example_n the_o censor_n of_o rome_n degrade_v a_o citizen_n only_o for_o have_v yawn_v loud_o in_o their_o presence_n and_o another_o call_v vectius_n be_v slay_v in_o the_o field_n for_o not_o do_v due_a reverence_n to_o a_o tribune_n when_o he_o pass_v by_o he_o it_o be_v also_o observe_v that_o the_o son_n of_o fab._n maximus_n when_o he_o be_v censor_n meet_v his_o father_n on_o horseback_n and_o see_v the_o sarjean_v assraid_a to_o speak_v to_o he_o to_o dismount_v do_v himself_o command_v he_o so_o to_o do_v which_o command_v the_o father_n cheerful_o and_o willing_o obey_v say_v domestic_a power_n must_v give_v place_n to_o public_a authority_n tyrannous_a prince_n have_v incur_v the_o universal_a hate_n of_o people_n sound_v no_o mean_n so_o meet_a to_o preserve_v they_o from_o popular_a fury_n as_o to_o execute_v or_o deliver_v into_o their_o hand_n their_o own_o chief_a minion_n and_o intimate_a counsellor_n example_n tiberius_n deliver_v to_o the_o people_n his_o favourite_n sejanus_n nero_n tigellinus_n henry_n king_n of_o swede_n commit_v to_o their_o fury_n his_o best_a belove_a servant_n george_n 〈◊〉_d caracalla_n cause_v all_o his_o flatterer_n to_o be_v slay_v that_o have_v persuade_v he_o to_o kill_v his_o brother_n the_o like_a be_v do_v by_o caligula_n whereby_o he_o escape_v himself_o a_o prince_n that_o reward_n or_o pardon_v a_o person_n that_o kill_v another_o prince_n albeit_o by_o that_o mean_v he_o be_v aspire_v to_o sovereignty_n shall_v thereby_o both_o incur_v great_a danger_n and_o hate_n and_o encourage_v man_n therein_o to_o attempt_v the_o like_a against_o 〈◊〉_d therefore_o wise_a prince_n have_v not_o only_o lest_o such_o service_n quite_o 〈◊〉_d but_o also_o most_o severe_o punish_v they_o example_n the_o emperor_n severus_n put_v all_o those_o to_o death_n that_o consent_v to_o the_o murder_n of_o pertinax_n and_o alexander_n the_o great_a execute_v he_o that_o slay_v darius_n as_o abhor_v that_o subject_a that_o will_v lay_v violent_a hand_n on_o his_o prince_n not_o withstand_v he_o be_v a_o enemy_n likewise_o vitellius_n put_v to_o death_n all_o the_o murderer_n and_o conspirator_n against_o galba_n and_o domitian_n execute_v his_o secretary_n epaphroditus_n for_o the_o murder_n of_o nero_n although_o he_o instant_o desire_v his_o aid_n the_o virtuous_a and_o vicious_a example_n of_o prince_n incite_v subject_n to_o imitate_v the_o same_o quality_n which_o rule_n never_o or_o very_o rare_o fail_v example_n francis_n the_o first_o king_n of_o france_n and_o other_o prince_n in_o divers_a age_n and_o place_n have_v great_a esteem_n of_o learned_a man_n and_o forthwith_o all_o the_o prince_n noble_n nobility_n and_o clergy_n dispose_v themselves_o so_o earnest_o to_o study_v as_o before_o that_o time_n have_v not_o be_v see_v so_o many_o and_o so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o learned_a man_n as_o well_o in_o tongue_n as_o science_n contrariwise_o alexander_n the_o great_a otherwise_o a_o prince_n of_o great_a virtue_n by_o his_o immoderate_a use_n of_o drink_v do_v draw_v the_o great_a number_n of_o his_o court_n and_o people_n also_o to_o delight_v in_o drunkenness_n the_o like_a effect_n follow_v the_o excessive_a intemperance_n of_o mithridates_n king_n of_o amasia_n the_o last_o and_o not_o the_o least_o considerable_a be_v to_o observe_v how_o great_a effect_n devotion_n and_o contempt_n of_o human_a glory_n work_v in_o the_o mind_n not_o only_o of_o private_a person_n but_o of_o king_n and_o prince_n also_o who_o have_v oft_o abandon_v worldly_a profit_n honour_n and_o pleasure_n to_o embrace_v the_o con_v templative_a retire_a life_n example_n ramirus_n king_n of_o arragon_n verecundus_n king_n of_o spain_n charlemagne_n son_n of_o carolus_n martellus_n matilda_n queen_n of_o france_n amurath_n king_n of_o turbay_n with_o many_o other_o imperio_fw-la maximus_n exemplo_fw-la major_n finis_fw-la finis_fw-la commission_n determine_v in_o presence_n of_o he_o that_o grant_v they_o they_o so_o henry_n the_o four_o of_o france_n by_o put_v his_o courtier_n to_o board-wage_n be_v say_v to_o make_v money_n with_o his_o tooth_n tooth_n the_o author_n of_o the_o epistle_n dedicatory_a to_o the_o duchess_n of_o suffolk_n prefix_v to_o mr._n latimer_n sermon_n say_v that_o lawyer_n covetousness_n have_v almost_o devour_v england_n discipline_n tam_fw-la bene_fw-la quam_fw-la male_a facta_fw-la praemunt_fw-la mart._n