Selected quad for the lemma: war_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
war_n	civil_a	time_n	year_n	2,057	5	4.5494	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06789	The maintenance of free trade according to the three essentiall parts of traffique; namely, commodities, moneys and exchange of moneys, by bills of exchanges for other countries, or, An answer to a treatise of free trade, or the meanes to make trade flourish, lately published. ... By Gerard Malynes merchant.	Malynes, Gerard, fl. 1586-1641.	1622 (1622)	STC 17226; ESTC S120064	50,433	116

price_n of_o our_o exchange_n and_o no●…_n by_o inhaunce_v of_o our_o money_n can_v be_v easy_o prevent_v as_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v declare_v this_o doller_n be_v likewise_o since_o that_o time_n more_o enhance_v in_o germany_n from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o germany_n leave_v the_o excessive_a alteration_n in_o remote_a place_n let_v we_o note_v the_o ualuation_n of_o hamborough_n where_o it_o have_v be_v at_o fifty_o four_o stivers_n the_o doller_n which_o make_v the_o exchange_n above_o forty_o shilling_n of_o their_o money_n for_o our_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o although_o we_o have_v raise_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n from_o twenty_o four_o shilling_n nine_o to_o thirty_o five_o shilling_n or_o thereabour_n shall_v we_o rest_v here_o and_o go_v no_o further_o have_v we_o reason_n to_o do_v it_o in_o part_n and_o not_o in_o the_o whole_a according_a to_o justice_n equity_n and_o true_a policy_n and_o shall_v we_o be_v like_o a_o man_n that_o by_o halt_v in_o jest_n become_v same_o in_o earnest_n i_o say_v again_o absitignorantia_fw-la thus_o much_o obiter_fw-la chap._n ii_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n in_o the_o merchandise_n of_o england_n the_o money_n of_o christendom_n which_o have_v their_o ebb_a and_o flow_v do_v show_v their_o operation_n upon_o commodity_n make_v by_o plenty_n the_o price_n thereof_o dear_a or_o by_o scarcity_n better_o cheap_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_a by_o exchange_n we_o find_v that_o plenty_n of_o money_n make_v a_o low_a exchange_n and_o the_o price_n of_o money_n to_o fall_v in_o exchange_n and_o that_o scarcity_n of_o money_n make_v a_o high_a exchange_n and_o the_o price_n to_o rise_v overrule_a both_o the_o price_n of_o money_n and_o commodity_n which_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o great_a exchanger_n or_o bankerer_n cause_v they_o to_o invent_v all_o the_o mean_n to_o compass_v the_o same_o and_o to_o rule_v the_o course_n thereof_o at_o their_o pleasure_n have_v the_o main_a sea_n of_o exchange_n wherein_o the_o exchange_n of_o england_n run_v like_o a_o river_n or_o branch_n and_o be_v overrule_v by_o the_o general_a currant_n which_o may_v be_v prevent_v for_o we_o have_v the_o head_n of_o exchange_n of_o 20._o shilling_n starlin_n for_o the_o place_n where_o most_o of_o our_o commodity_n be_v sell_v which_o will_v command_v all_o the_o part_n &_o member_n of_o the_o body_n of_o traffic_n and_o procure_v plenty_n of_o money_n whereby_o the_o other_o cause_n of_o the_o want_n of_o money_n in_o england_n as_o the_o waste_n of_o the_o treasure_n and_o the_o like_a will_n not_o be_v so_o sensible_a as_o ●…ow_v they_o be_v especial_o when_o needful_a commodity_n of_o trade_n shall_v be_v import_v from_o some_o pla●…es_n which_o shall_v supply_v as_o in_o time_n past_a the_o exportation_n of_o much_o money_n when_o the_o commodity_n of_o russia_n be_v tallow_n wax_v hides_n retransport_v trade_n into_o france_n and_o spain_n do_v by_o exchange_n furnish_v the_o realm_n with_o wine_n corint_n raisin_n and_o the_o like_a commodity_n the_o want_n of_o money_n there_o be_v the_o first_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n for_o without_o money_n commodity_n be_v out_o of_o request_n and_o when_o they_o fall_v again_o into_o permutation_n or_o barter_n traffic_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o necessity_n of_o merchant_n which_o ●…endeth_v to_o the_o destruction_n of_o one_o commonweal_n and_o to_o the_o enrich_n of_o a_o other_o and_o this_o be_v effect_v by_o the_o exchange_n as_o the_o grave_n and_o wise_a counsellor_n of_o state_n before_o mention_v have_v very_o well_o observe_v whereof_o aristotle_n and_o seneca_n can_v take_v no_o notice_n in_o the_o infancy_n of_o traffic_n which_o make_v i_o to_o forbear_v to_o allege_v their_o opinion_n and_o definition_n howbeit_o commercium_fw-la be_v quasi_fw-la commutatio_fw-la mercium_fw-la which_o the_o say_a author_n will_v turn_v again_o by_o a_o change_n of_o 21._o ware_n for_o ware_n and_o not_o money_n for_o ware_n no_o marvel_n therefore_o that_o he_o do_v invert_v thing_n and_o run_v into_o a_o labyrinth_n without_o distinction_n between_o the_o thing_n active_a and_o the_o passive_a by_o approve_v money_n to_o be_v the_o rule_n and_o square_v whereby_o thing_n receive_v estimation_n and_o price_n and_o yet_o commend_v the_o commutation_n before_o money_n be_v devise_v to_o be_v coin_a aristotle_n say_v that_o action_n and_o passion_n be_v mere_o relative_n and_o that_o they_o differ_v no_o more_o 3._o than_o the_o way_n from_o thebes_n to_o athens_n and_o from_o athens_n to_o thebes_n we_o will_v therefore_o leave_v this_o merchant_n to_o walk_v between_o both_o until_o he_o can_v discern_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o then_o he_o shall_v find_v that_o as_o the_o liver_n money_n do_v minister_v spirit_n to_o the_o heart_n commodity_n and_o the_o heart_n to_o the_o brain_n exchange_n so_o do_v the_o brain_n exchange_v minister_v to_o the_o whole_a microcosm_n or_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o traffic_n let_v the_o heart_n therefore_o by_o the_o liver_n receive_v his_o tincture_v chilus_fw-la by_o his_o own_o mouth_n and_o stomach_n and_o the_o blood_n full_a of_o spirit_n shall_v fill_v all_o the_o ueine_n and_o supply_v the_o want_n of_o money_n the_o easy_a course_n and_o recourse_n of_o who_o exchange_n shall_v bring_v all_o thing_n in_o time_n and_o serve_v all_o man_n turn_n for_o even_o as_o there_o be_v two_o course_n observe_v of_o the_o sun_n the_o one_o annual_a and_o the_o other_o by_o daily_a declination_n rise_v and_o go_v under_o even_o so_o must_v we_o observe_v in_o exchange_n two_o course_n the_o one_o according_a to_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la or_o value_n for_o value_n the_o other_o rise_v and_o fall_v from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o we_o have_v already_o declare_v the_o second_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n say_v he_o be_v usury_n meaning_n usury_n politic_a wherein_o he_o trade_n be_v prevent_v to_o speak_v because_o of_o a_o treatise_n make_v against_o usury_n by_o a_o unknown_a author_n and_o present_v to_o the_o last_o parliament_n for_o who_o he_o take_v great_a care_n that_o he_o be_v not_o abuse_v as_o virgil_n be_v by_o proclaim_v too_o late_o hos_fw-la ego_fw-la versiculos_fw-la feci_fw-la tulit_fw-la alter_fw-la honores_fw-la true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o say_a author_n do_v not_o attribute_n unto_o himself_o the_o make_v of_o verse_n but_o take_v the_o whole_a substance_n of_o his_o discourse_n out_o of_o other_o man_n view_n work_n publish_v above_o twenty_o year_n since_o turpe_fw-la est_fw-la doctori_fw-la dum_fw-la culpa_fw-la redarguit_fw-la ipsum_fw-la cato_n usury_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n be_v so_o inherent_a and_o do_v proper_o grow_v with_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n as_o pasturage_n do_v increase_v with_o the_o decrease_n of_o tilling_n albeit_o in_o some_o respect_n trade_n be_v increase_v by_o money_n deliver_v at_o use_n or_o interest_n upon_o occasion_n when_o the_o usurer_n be_v glad_a to_o find_v a_o taker_n up_o of_o his_o money_n and_o do_v course_n pray_v he_o to_o do_v the_o same_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o abundance_n of_o money_n which_o make_v the_o price_n of_o usury_n to_o fall_v more_o than_o any_o law_n or_o proclamation_n can_v ever_o do_v so_o that_o to_o abate_v the_o rate_n of_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o to_o eight_o as_o the_o say_a tract_n against_o usury_n will_v have_v have_v the_o parliament_n to_o do_v will_n be_v effect_v of_o course_n which_o always_o have_v the_o great_a command_n this_o do_v also_o much_o prevent_v that_o the_o rule_n of_o concord_n and_o equality_n be_v not_o so_o soon_o break_v and_o overthrow_v in_o commonweal_n some_o grow_v very_o rich_a and_o other_o extreme_a poor_a not_o able_a to_o live_v in_o their_o vocation_n the_o most_o pregnant_a cause_n of_o discord_n cause_v many_o time_n civil_a war_n as_o cornelius_n tacitus_n have_v note_v and_o appear_v in_o another_o treatise_n where_o the_o operation_n eng●…and_n of_o usury_n be_v describe_v the_o bite_a usury_n &_o intolerable_a extortion_n commit_v by_o certain_a uncharitable_a man_n common_o call_v broker_n for_o pawn_n be_v not_o to_o be_v touch_v in_o a_o word_n for_o this_o be_v the_o only_a the_o remarkable_a sin_n i_o mean_v extortion_n &_o oppression_n for_o which_o the_o first_o world_n be_v drown_v which_o feed_v upon_o the_o sweat_n &_o blood_n of_o the_o mere_a merchanicall_a poor_a take_v 40_o 50._o 60._o &_o 100_o upon_o the_o 100_o by_o the_o year_n beside_o bili_fw-la money_n and_o for_o feiture_n of_o the_o pawn_n when_o charitable_a person_n have_v offer_v above_o 20_o year_n since_o to_o give_v large_o and_o to_o lend_v money_n gratis_o as_o also_o after_o 10._o in_o the_o 100_o to_o supply_v by_o way_n of_o pawn-house_n by_o some_o call_v lombard_n the_o need_n and_o occasion_n of_o the_o ●…2_n poor_a &_o mechanic_a people_n the_o neglect_n

the_o maintenance_n of_o free_a trade_n according_a to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o other_o country_n or_o a_o answer_n to_o a_o treatise_n of_o free_a trade_n or_o the_o mean_n to_o make_v trade_n flourish_v late_o publish_v contraria_fw-la iuxta_fw-la se_fw-la posita_fw-la magis_fw-la elucescunt_fw-la by_o gerard_n malynes_n merchant_n london_n print_v by_o i._n l._n for_o william_n sheffard_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o his_o shop_n at_o the_o enter_v in_o of_o pope_n head_n ally_n out_o of_o lombard_n street_n 1622._o to_o the_o most_o high_a and_o mighty_a monarch_n james_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n france_n and_o ireland_n defender_n of_o the_o faith_n etc._n etc._n traffic_n most_o dread_a and_o gracious_a sovereign_n by_o nature_n admirable_a and_o by_o art_n amiable_a be_v the_o sole_a peacible_a instrument_n to_o enrich_v kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n may_v proper_o be_v call_v the_o praeheminent_a study_n of_o prince_n the_o rather_o because_o the_o sacred_a wisdom_n have_v approve_v this_o axiom_n that_o a_o king_n be_v miserable_a how_o rich_a soever_o he_o be_v if_o he_o reign_v over_o a_o poor_a people_n and_o that_o that_o kingdom_n be_v not_o able_a to_o subsist_v how_o rich_a and_o potent_a soever_o the_o people_n be_v if_o the_o king_n be_v not_o able_a to_o maintain_v his_o estate_n both_o which_o be_v relative_n be_v depend_v upon_o traffic_n and_o trade_n which_o be_v perform_v under_o three_o simple_n or_o essential_a part_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n whereupon_o have_v late_o peruse_v a_o treatise_n entitle_v free_a trade_n or_o the_o mean_n to_o make_v trade_n flourish_v wherein_o the_o author_n either_o ignorant_o or_o wilful_o have_v omit_v to_o handle_v the_o predominant_a part_n of_o trade_n namely_o the_o mystery_n of_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o public_a measure_n between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n according_a to_o which_o all_o our_o commodity_n be_v buy_v and_o sell_v in_o foreign_a part_n his_o only_a scope_n be_v to_o have_v the_o money_n of_o the_o kingdom_n enhance_v in_o price_n and_o the_o foreign_a coin_n make_v currant_n within_o the_o realm_n at_o high_a rate_n whereby_o great_a inconvenience_n will_v follow_v i_o can_v not_o but_o be_v move_v both_o by_o my_o faithful_a allegiance_n due_a unto_o your_o majesty_n and_o the_o observant_a duty_n owe_v by_o i_o to_o the_o public_a good_a to_o make_v a_o answer_n to_o the_o material_a point_n of_o the_o say_a treatise_n by_o compare_v thing_n by_o contrary_n for_o the_o better_a illustration_n the_o rather_o for_o that_o it_o be_v publish_v in_o articulo_fw-la temporis_fw-la when_o your_o majesty_n vigilant_a princely_a care_n have_v be_v please_v to_o refer_v the_o consideration_n of_o this_o important_a business_n of_o state_n to_o the_o learned_a lord_n vizcount_n maundevile_n lord_n precedent_n of_o your_o majesty_n most_o honourable_a privy_a council_n and_o other_o person_n of_o knowledge_n and_o experience_n among_o who_o although_o unworthy_a myself_o be_v call_v and_o our_o opinion_n be_v certify_v unto_o your_o highness_n for_o the_o consideration_n of_o this_o weighty_a matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n be_v absolute_o to_o be_v submit_v unto_o your_o high_a wisdom_n and_o transcendent_a judgement_n by_o mean_n whereof_o according_a to_o the_o say_n of_o epictetus_n the_o philosopher_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la maximè_fw-la iudicis_fw-la aptare_fw-la vniversalia_fw-la singularibus_fw-la all_o cause_n both_o ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a be_v observe_v discern_v and_o apply_v to_o their_o proper_a and_o determinate_a end_n your_o majesty_n therefore_o may_v be_v please_v to_o vouchsafe_v with_o a_o gracious_a aspect_n the_o read_n of_o this_o small_a treatise_n which_o like_a unto_o the_o little_a fish_n mention_v by_o plutarch_n swim_v before_o the_o great_a whale_n give_v notice_n of_o dangerous_a shallow_a place_n shall_v be_v ample_o explain_v in_o a_o volume_n almost_o imprint_v entitle_v lex_n mercatoria_fw-la or_o the_o ancient_a law_n merchant_n which_o in_o all_o humility_n be_v to_o be_v present_v unto_o your_o most_o sacred_a majesty_n wherein_o the_o dangerous_a rock_n to_o be_v avoid_v in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o the_o mean_n thereunto_o conduce_v be_v manifest_v for_o the_o preservation_n and_o augmentation_n of_o the_o wealth_n of_o your_o highness_n realm_n and_o dominion_n to_o be_v effect_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n ground_v upon_o equality_n and_o equity_n according_a to_o ius_n gentium_fw-la which_o be_v chief_o maintain_v by_o the_o law_n merchant_n the_o knowledge_n whereof_o be_v of_o such_o moment_n that_o all_o other_o temporal_a law_n without_o it_o be_v not_o complete_a but_o imperfect_a worthy_a of_o commendation_n be_v those_o office_n who_o can_v by_o providence_n preserve_v the_o treasure_n of_o king_n and_o commonweal_n worthy_a be_v those_o that_o both_o by_o honest_a and_o lawful_a mean_n can_v preserve_v and_o augment_v they_o but_o worthy_a of_o all_o immortal_a praise_n be_v these_o who_o can_v and_o do_v by_o easy_a just_a and_o politic_a mean_n enrich_v kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n and_o thereby_o fill_v the_o prince_n coffer_n with_o stand_a treasure_n to_o serve_v all_o occasion_n in_o the_o two_o season_n which_o prince_n be_v to_o care_n for_o observe_v by_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n namely_o the_o time_n of_o war_n when_o arm_n be_v necessary_a and_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n more_o fit_v wholesome_a law_n in_o the_o theoric_n part_v of_o which_o study_n i_o have_v these_o forty_o year_n spend_v much_o time_n and_o charge_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o great_a personage_n and_o albeit_o nothing_o do_v encounter_v i_o but_o ingratitude_n yet_o my_o constancy_n to_o spend_v the_o remainder_n of_o my_o day_n therein_o in_o hope_n of_o practice_n be_v as_o immovable_a as_o the_o continuance_n of_o my_o daily_a prayer_n to_o the_o great_a jehovah_n to_o multiply_v your_o majesty_n day_n as_o the_o day_n of_o heaven_n london_n the_o 25._o of_o october_n 1622._o your_o majesty_n most_o loyal_a subject_n gerard_n malynes_n the_o maintenance_n of_o free_a trade_n according_a to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o other_o country_n natural_a mother_n wit_n do_v teach_v man_n before_o art_n or_o science_n be_v invent_v that_o of_o all_o thing_n and_o in_o all_o humane_a action_n the_o beginning_n progress_n continuance_n and_o termination_n opus_fw-la or_o end_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v whereupon_o politician_n or_o statesman_n have_v note_v that_o the_o often_o compare_v of_o a_o thing_n unto_o his_o principle_n or_o original_a produce_v the_o long_a continuance_n show_v by_o digresion_n how_o the_o same_o be_v decay_v and_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o the_o first_o integrity_n and_o goodness_n for_o there_o be_v never_o any_o thing_n by_o the_o wit_n of_o man_n so_o well_o devise_v or_o so_o sure_o establish_v which_o in_o continuance_n of_o time_n have_v not_o be_v corrupt_v the_o consideration_n whereof_o be_v most_o requisite_a in_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n as_o a_o matter_n eminent_a for_o the_o good_a and_o welfare_n of_o commonweal_n and_o especial_o for_o england_n quia_fw-la vita_fw-la civilis_fw-la in_o societate_fw-la posita_fw-la est_fw-la societ_fw-la as_o autem_fw-la in_o imperio_fw-la &_o commercio_fw-la according_a to_o this_o rule_n let_v we_o observe_v that_o all_o the_o traffic_n and_o trade_n between_o we_o and_o foreign_a nation_n be_v perform_v under_o three_o simple_n which_o be_v the_o essential_a part_n thereof_o namely_o traffic_n commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n for_o foreign_a part_n which_o may_v be_v apt_o compare_v to_o the_o body_n soul_n and_o spirit_n of_o traffic_n the_o first_o as_o the_o body_n uphold_v the_o world_n by_o commutation_n and_o barter_n of_o commodity_n until_o commodity_n money_n be_v devise_v to_o be_v coin_a the_o second_o as_o the_o soul_n in_o the_o body_n do_v infuse_v life_n to_o traffic_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o equality_n and_o money_n equity_n prevent_v advantage_n between_o buyer_n and_o seller_n the_o three_o as_o the_o spirit_n and_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v seat_v every_o where_o corroborate_v the_o exchange_n vital_a spirit_n of_o traffic_n direct_v and_o control_v by_o just_a proportion_n the_o price_n and_o value_n of_o commodity_n and_o money_n now_o even_o as_o money_n be_v invent_v to_o be_v coin_a of_o the_o pure_a metal_n of_o silver_n and_o gold_n to_o be_v the_o square_n and_o rule_n to_o set_v a_o price_n unto_o all_o commodity_n and_o other_o thing_n whatsoever_o within_o the_o realm_n and_o therefore_o call_v publica_n mensura_fw-la even_o so_o be_v exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n measure_n the_o public_a

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which_o be_v less_o than_o the_o exchange_n from_o thence_o will_v yield_v when_o he_o may_v have_v for_o the_o same_o five_o and_o twenty_o in_o the_o hundred_o in_o holland_n here_o in_o a_o obscure_a manner_n he_o observe_v the_o exchange_n from_o spain_n to_o be_v six_o penny_n the_o real_a as_o value_v for_o value_n or_o the_o par_fw-fr in_o exchange_n whereby_o it_o be_v less_o as_o he_o say_v and_o he_o do_v account_v the_o price_n of_o 8._o real_n at_o 51._o stivers_n in_o holland_n and_o the_o rate_n of_o exchange_n at_o 33._o shilling_n 4._o penny_n flemish_n to_o answer_v our_o 20._o shilling_n starlin_n as_o at_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la for_o those_o part_n howbeit_o that_o 42._o shilling_n 6._o penny_n flemish_n pay_v there_o for_o the_o 5._o real_n of_o 8._o make_v 25._o shilling_n 6._o penny_n starlin_n according_a to_o that_o computation_n howsoever_o we_o see_v that_o this_o be_v ground_v upon_o the_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n thereof_o 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undervalue_v in_o give_v there_o but_o 33._o shilling_n 4._o penny_n and_o under_o to_o have_v 20._o shilling_n starlin_n ●…ayed_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o england_n whereby_o ●…he_a kingdom_n make_v good_a unto_o they_o the_o say_a ●…5_n upon_o the_o hundred_o for_o this_o real_a of_o 8._o be_v value_v but_o at_o 42._o stivers_n when_o the_o par_fw-fr of_o exchange_n be_v make_v to_o be_v 33._o shilling_n 4._o penny_n in_o the_o year_n 1586_o when_o robert_n dudley_n earl_n of_o leycester_n go_v to_o take_v the_o government_n of_o those_o country_n and_o shall_v we_o now_o receive_v in_o exchange_n the_o say_a price_n of_o 8._o real_n for_o 51._o stivers_n which_o be_v above_o five_o shilling_n and_o one_o penny_n starlin_n because_o they_o have_v enhance_v the_o same_o to_o their_o advantage_n and_o continue_v the_o par_fw-fr of_o exchange_n at_o 33._o shilling_n 4._o penny_n by_o which_o computation_n the_o say_v 42._o stivers_n make_v but_o four_o shilling_n two_o penny_n half_a penny_n or_o thereabouts_o in_o true_a value_n absit_fw-la ignorantia_fw-la whereas_o if_o our_o merchant_n of_o spain_n shall_v give_v the_o say_a price_n there_o in_o exchange_n for_o 42._o stivers_n as_o they_o do_v former_o and_o may_v be_v do_v by_o order_n of_o exchange_n they_o shall_v not_o find_v thereby_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o gain_n which_o they_o can_v make_v here_o more_o certain_a and_o commodious_o whereby_o this_o money_n will_v be_v import_v without_o inhaunce_v of_o our_o coin_n this_o be_v so_o plain_a in_o the_o understanding_n of_o merchant_n that_o there_o need_v no_o other_o explanation_n for_o it_o demonstrate_v manifest_o that_o if_o the_o low_a exchange_n be_v not_o this_o gayne_n will_v prove_v to_o be_v imaginary_a as_o we_o have_v note_v and_o this_o cause_v these_o real_n of_o spain_n to_o be_v divert_v from_o we_o and_o may_v else_o be_v import_v

to_o the_o say_a merchant_n or_o other_o which_o do_v practice_v upon_o the_o benefit_n of_o money_n to_o be_v make_v between_o the_o exchange_n and_o money_n for_o the_o rule_n be_v infallible_a that_o when_o the_o exchange_n do_v answer_v the_o true_a value_n of_o our_o money_n according_a to_o their_o intrinsicke_a weight_n and_o fineness_n and_o their_o extrinsicke_a valuation_n they_o be_v never_o export_v because_o the_o gayne_n be_v answer_v money_n by_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o transportation_n this_o cause_n be_v prevent_v make_v the_o effect_n to_o cease_v and_o this_o be_v engraft_v in_o every_o man_n judgement_n according_a to_o the_o maxim_n often_o note_v heretofore_o sublata_fw-la causa_fw-la tollitur_fw-la effectus_fw-la so_o that_o exchange_n still_o have_v the_o command_n and_o strike_v the_o stroke_n insomuch_o that_o albeit_o the_o price_n thereof_o rise_v and_o fall_v according_a to_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n yet_o money_n be_v overrule_v thereby_o for_o if_o you_o enhance_v the_o coin_n the_o exchange_n do_v control_v it_o and_o rise_v according_o and_o if_o you_o undervalue_v the_o same_o the_o exchange_n in_o like_a manner_n do_v fall_v in_o price_n wherein_o note_v the_o operation_n of_o exchange_n both_o here_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o place_n where_o exchange_n run_v upon_o the_o pound_n of_o 20._o shilling_n starlin_n if_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o coin_n be_v beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o exchange_n be_v not_o make_v according_o then_o our_o money_n be_v carry_v out_o if_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o coin_n be_v make_v here_o e_z contra_fw-la money_n will_v be_v import_v but_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n who_o observe_v the_o rule_n of_o exchange_n and_o will_v not_o be_v over-taken_v as_o we_o ●…e_v will_v over-rule_v the_o same_o ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la and_o ●…e_v you_o so_o much_o less_o in_o exchange_n as_o we_o shall_v ●…haunce_v our_o coin_n by_o valuation_n or_o embase_v the_o ●…e_n by_o 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measure_n of_o exchange_n to_o prevent_v all_o abuse_n and_o inconvenience_n ari●…ng_v by_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n and_o the_o va●…uation_n of_o money_n in_o exchange_n which_o money_n be_v either_o real_a or_o imaginary_a according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n of_o exchange_n by_o the_o device_n of_o banker_n this_o be_v serious_o observe_v in_o the_o year_n 1576._o by_o diverse_a most_o honourable_a and_o grave_a counselor_n of_o state_n namely_o sir_n nichol●…_n bacon_n lord_n keeper_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n sir_n willam_n burghley_n lord_n treasurour_n of_o england_n t●…_n mass_o earl_n of_o sussex_n francis_n earl_n of_o bedfo●…_n sir_n francis_n knowles_n sir_n james_n croft_n and_o m●…_n stir_v secretary_n walsingham_n with_o the_o assistan●…_n of_o other_o worthy_a person_n of_o experience_n nam●…_n lie_v sir_n thomas_n chamberlain_n sir_n thomas_n gr●…_n ham_n knight_n master_n peter_n osborne_n mast●…_n james_n altham_n master_n thomas_n rivet_v and_o m●…_n stir_v richard_n martin_n master_n of_o the_o mint_n 〈◊〉_d they_o find_v that_o the_o follow_a inconvenience_n be_v practise_v by_o banker_n or_o exchanger_n for_o th●…_n private_a gain_n and_o benefit_n for_o the_o advance_v some_o commonweal_n and_o ●…e_v the_o destruction_n other_o commonweal_n to_o lay_v their_o money_n with_o gain_n in_o any_o place_n of_o the_o world_n where_o exchange_n lie_v exchange_n to_o gain_v and_o wax_v rich_a and_o never_o medd●…_n with_o any_o prince_n commodity_n or_o to_o buy_v any_o prince_n commodity_n with_o th●…_n subject_n money_n and_o not_o one_o penny_n of_o their_o own_o to_o understand_v whether_o money_n employ_v on_o exchange_n or_o commodity_n be_v more_o profit_n to_o live_v and_o increase_v upon_o every_o prince_n subject_n which_o take_v up_o money_n to_o wind_v out_o every_o prince_n treasure_n out_o of_o his_o realm_n who_o subject_n bring_v in_o more_o ware_n than_o they_o carry_v out_o to_o make_v the_o staple_n of_o money_n run_v where_o the_o rich_a prince_n will_v have_v it_o to_o unfurnish_v the_o poor_a prince_n of_o his_o provision_n of_o money_n in_o war_n to_o furnish_v their_o need_n of_o money_n that_o tarry_v the_o sell_n of_o their_o ware_n or_o commodity_n to_o take_v up_o money_n to_o engross_v any_o commodity_n or_o to_o incorporate_v any_o trade_n to_o hide_v their_o carry_v away_o of_o any_o prince_n money_n to_o fetch_v away_o any_o prince_n fine_a money_n with_o the_o base_a money_n of_o other_o prince_n to_o take_v up_o prince_n base_a money_n and_o turn_v it_o into_o fine_a and_o pay_v the_o party_n with_o his_o own_o to_o get_v all_o merchant_n money_n into_o their_o hand_n and_o gain_v thereby_o and_o pay_v they_o with_o their_o own_o to_o make_v that_o realm_n gain_v of_o all_o other_o realm_n who_o subject_n live_v most_o by_o their_o own_o commodity_n and_o sell_v yearly_o the_o overplus_n into_o the_o world_n and_o both_o occupy_v that_o increase_n yearly_o and_o also_o their_o 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