Durham and VVinchester The others are ranked according to the time of their consecration What were the seats of the bishops before S. Austine and the conversion of the English we cannot certainely determine Geffrey of Monmouth mentioneth three Archbishops of London Yorke and Isca Silurum or Caer Leon and 28 bishops founded in the place of so many Arch-Flamins and Flamins gentilisme abolished in the raigne of King Lucius by Faganus and Duvanus Legates of Pope Eleutherius and the Apostles of the Britons The authority and truth of the author hath alwayes bin suspected More certainly Beda in a conference of the VVelsh with S. Austine the first Arch-bishop of Canterbury maketh mention of 7 bishops of the Britons but without naming them or their seates The first Councell of Arles held in the yeare 326 and the raigne of the Emperour Constantine the Great nameth one Restitutus a Brittish bishop of London amongst the Fathers assisting in that Synod Other names during these more primatiue times wee haue not yet found in the subscriptions of Councels or any ancient and good authority Vnder Honorius the 4 Arch-bishop of Canterbury the English are divided into Parishes encreased through continuall subdivisions and additions of new Churches The number hereof are at this day 9284 in both Prouinces Hereof 3845. are Churches impropriate by Papall authority annexed aunciently vnto Monasteries and places of Religion and at the fall of Monasteries for the greatest part of their revenues escheated to the Crowne and made Lay possessions These againe are of two forts 1 with Vicarages 2 without all whose rights as well tithes as offerings are detained by their Lay purchasers without any allotment to the Priest by the Parliament or the King in their sale and conveyances which hapned to such whose immediate Pastours had beene the Monkes maintained now by miserable yet arbitrary pensions My selfe haue heard foure pound by the yeare offered to a Minister for seruing together two pastorall cures of this nature The number of the Episcopall and Collegiate Churches including VVestminster and VVinsore are 26 besides some others restored of late yeares through the favour and bounty of King Iames of happy memory They containe together almost so many Deanes 60 Arch-Deacons and 544 Dignities or Prebendaries The suppressed Monasteries let it be lawfull to remember those dead ruines sad spectacles of humane mutability amounted to 645 besides 96 Colledges 110 Hospitals and 2374 Chanteries and Free Chappels Such hath been the affaires of the Church and Religion The State is Monarchicall commaunded by a King The Law whereby it is governed is the Municipall or Common a Law proper to the Nation The Prince is Haereditary and independent not euer invested by or acknowledging the Roman Emperours or any superiour earthly power holding immediatly of God absolute and supreame ouer all persons in all causes both Civill and Ecclesiasticall King Iohn distressed by a threefold warre against the Pope the French and his rebellious subjects to appease the first enthralled the kingdome to the tribute and vassalage hereof but which art being forced neither euer approued by the Parliament or people was euer held as voide He is stiled the Defendour of the faith which title was first giuen to king Henry the eight by Pope Leo the tenth zealous in his cause against the pretended haeresie of Luther opposed by the authority of his kingly Pen maintained since vpon better right by his noble successours the chiefe patrons and defendours of the Orthodoxe and truely Catholique Religion The body or Common-wealth subject to this Head may be distinguished into a twofold order 1 Artificers tradesmen daylabourers and poore husbandmen without land who haue no rule and whose part is onely to obey 2. and those who in the right and vnder the authority of the Prince haue their parts in the gouernment judging and determining causes punishing faults electing officers granting subsidies and making Lawes of whom and their delegates assembled together with the King and Bishops representing the Cleargie the Parliament or grand Councell of the Realme consisteth These likewise are of two different rankes 1 The Nobility 2 and those vnder the degree hereof The Nobility are divided into the greater Nobility containing the Barony or estate of Lords and the Lesser Nobility consisting of Knights Esquires and Gentlemen the first whereof are not borne thus but made by the especiall grace of the Prince for their good demerits or hopes whose Deputies and of the Burgesses and Yeomen the rankes vnder the Nobility compose the house of Commons These last the Yeomen or Free-holders the auncient wealth and support of the kingdome the strength and substance of our warres our sometimes victorious infantery the Conquerours of the French are now much decayed since the fal of Monasteries whose tenants they were vpon easie rents but more especially through the present depopulations rackings and injuries of the Gentry pulling downe Townes and farme-houses and converting all to pasturage or their proper demaine to the much impairing of the Princes subsidies and revenues the wonted store of people and riches of the Land the most important grievance of the times The Nation hath alwayes beene much dreaded and powerfull in Armes whilest vnited and in peace at home King Henry the second by marriage and warre enlarged the English dominions ouer Ireland and Aquitaine and Guienne in France Richard the first advanced their glorious ensignes in Syria Palestine and the East and conquered Cyprus exchaunged for the title of Hierusalem By Edward the first all Wales and Scotland for the time are subdued By Edward the third the Scots and French in sundry memorable battailes holding captiue at the same time the persons of both their kings Under the same Prince the hautie Spaniards through the high courage and adventures of his son Prince Edward forced to the obedience of Don Peter their naturall Lord. By Henry the fift all France on this side the Loire left to his successour Henry the sixt crowned French king at Paris Queene Elizabeth of famous memory relieued all her distressed neighbours the Scots France and the Netherlands oppressed by forraine power or through domestique broyles got the dominion of the sea and by continuall victories gaue first check to the greatnes and aspiring ambition of the house of Austria and Spaine But as their happy atchieuements and victories haue beene many so their errours and misfortunes no lesse most commonly loosing that through ciuill broyles and contentions a mischiefe incident to all flourishing estates but most fatall to ours what by true valour and honour they haue gotten King Iohn lost Normandy and other English conquests and possessions in France through the onely malice and treason of his disloyall Barons vnseasonably quarrelling about their liberties forsaking him in his warres and siding with his enemies Edward the second Scotland wonne by his victorious father through a like despight and wilfulnes of his seditious Nobles opposing against his
of Northumberland vpon the West with the Scots and vpon the East and North with the German and Northerne Oceans The kingdome of the Northumbrians after their last Ethelred and the yeare 794 becomming extinct or miserably languishing through a 33 yeares ciuill dissention and the invasion of the Danes by the advantage hereof they enlarged their bounds Southwards as farre as the river Tweed gotten from the English The contayned a little before their finall ouerthrow by the Scots the Countryes now of Tividale Tweedale Merch Lauden Fife Cuningham Merne Anguish Straith-ern and Marre with others or the whole Easterne part of the present Scotland from the Tweede Northwards By the Scots vnder their King Kenneth after a fierce and bloody warre about the yeare 830 they were totally subdued and their name and memory quite rooted out their countrey hauing beene since added to the accompt and name of Scotland Their language most probably was the British Beda maketh it distinct herefrom and one of the fower generall of the Iland But whom the more iudicious interpret not of languages but of Dialects That the Dialect and many words hereof should in Beda his time be much different from those of the Cornish or Welsh Britons their long disvnion through the comming betwixt of the Northumbrian Saxons and the ancient subiection and commerce of the other with the Romans must necessarily enforce Their government was vnder Kings Their order and succession we finde not Their last was Druskenus slaine with the extirpation of the whole Nation by Kenneth and the Scots THE SCOTS THE Scots after Giraldus Cambrensis were a Colony of the neighbouring Irish. Orosius liuing in the raigne of the Emperour Honorius calleth the many people in his time inhabiting Ireland by the generall name of the Scots The like doth Beda in the first booke of his Ecclesiasticall story of the English and first Chapter Eginhartus in his life of the Emperour Charles the Great nameth Ireland an Iland of the Scots Isidore more plainly maketh Ireland and Scotland onely to be two different names of one and the same Iland distinct from Britaine Gildas more to our purpose tearmeth the Scots then inhabiting Britaine and infesting the Natiues with their dayly forragings Irish grassatores or free-booters That the Scots originally were Irish besides these authorities the present language habit and barbarous manners of the High-landers or Westerne Scots agreeing with the present Irish doe plainly demonstrate The Scots in Ireland Ptolemy and the auncient Geographers mention not The name doubtlesse was new affected vpon some accident which we know not giuen vnto or taken vp by the Irish towards the waine of the Romane Empire in that manner as were about the same times those of the Picts Almans French Sclaues with others by the Britons Germans Sarmatians leauing their former old names and vniting into these common Concerning the Etymologie hereof learned Camden after much search professeth himselfe to be ignorant Porphyrius is the first of ancient Authours in whom we finde the Scots mentioned liuing in the time of the Emperour Aurelian and as he is cited vpon an other occasion by S. Hierome in his Tract against the Pelagians ad Ctesiphontem In auncient and approued Histories we first reade of them with the Picts with whom they are still joyned in the raignes of the Emperours Constantius the second Honorius and the first and third Valentinians Their mention after this is common vnto this present The time of their first plantation in Britaine is vncertaine In the 20 26 and 27 bookes of Ammianus Marcellinus wee heare of them ransacking and spoyling the Roman Province but from what parts my Authour setteth not downe whether from Caledonia and the Northerne parts of Britaine or rather from Ireland which is more probable Claudian in his second booke de laudibus Stiliconis relateth of them attempting vpon the Continent hereof from Ireland and stopped and driuen home by Stilico where also hee accompteth them amongst the neighbouring Nations infesting Britaine which maketh it almost manifest that in the beginning of the raigne of Honorius vnder whom Stilico then serued they had not yet arriued here or set firme footing Shortly afterward notwithstanding before the intrusion of the Saxons we find them in Beda with the Picts possessing the Northerne part of Britaine invading from hence the Province and the Britons being vnable to withstand them twice ouercome and beaten off by fresh Roman supplies sent from Honorius and Valentinian the third From these proofes wee strongly conjecture their first descent hither and fixed dwelling to haue hapned towards the latter end of the raigne of the Emperour Honorius The part here they first tooke vp was the Westerne moity of Caledonia formerly inhabited by the Picts bounding vpon the East with this Nation and vpon the South with the Roman Province from the which they were diuided by the Glota now the Frith of Dunbriton which they held without any sensible addition till after the time of Beda After the yeare 794 and the decease of King Ethelred before mentioned through the advantage of a long ciuill dissention amongst the Saxons of Northumberland of the Danish wars which together hapned they got seazed of the parts lying betwixt the Friths of Solway Dunbriton belonging aunciently to the Northumbrian kingdome of Bernicia They contained by that time the present Countries of Carict Galloway Cantire Argile Braid-Albin Lorn Rosse with others or the whole Westerne part of the present Scotland from Solway Frith coasting Northwards along the Irish Ocean King Kenneth the second about the yeare 830 the Picts being subdued enlarged the Dominion hereof and the name and accompt of Scotland Eastward vnto the German Ocean extended by this meanes ouer the whole Northerne part of the Iland and seuered from England by the Frith of Solway and the River Tweede the more certaine bounds euer after betwixt the two kingdomes Malcolme the first about the yeare 946 added Cumberland and Westmoreland parts of England to the Dominion of the Scottish Kings by the gift of Edmund King of England to bee held vnder the fief of the English Monarches recouered by Henry the second and incorporated with the English Crowne Their government was Monarchicall yet where more aunciently not alwayes the next of bloud but the ripest in yeares and the most fit to rule of the kingly Race succeeded Kenneth the third succeeding about the yeare 976 by the consent of the States made the Kingdome first haereditary and to descend vnto the next ofkin confirmed by his son Malcolme the second and continued vnto our times Their first King after the Scottish Historians was Fergusius the son of Ferchard an Irish Scot chosen by the Nation shortly after their arrivall in Britaine about the yeare 330 before Christs Incarnation succeeded vnto by Ferithariâ— Mainus Dornadilla Nothatus Reutherus Reutha Thereus Iosina Finnanus Durstus Evenus the first Gillus Evenus the second Ederus Evenus the third
warres or more honourable and gainefull conquests Towards the waine of the Romans Empire they are named the Scots the occasion or reason hereof we finde not subduing the neighbouring Picts and Caledonians and giuing the name of Scotland to the Northern part of the Brittish Continent Leauing there this new affected name they lastly resume and returne here vnto their first and more wonted name of Irish. Their gouerment anciently was vnder many petty kings or tyrants In the raigne of king Henry the second occasioned through the quarrels hereof they are first made subiect to the English whose princes were stiled Lords of Ireland King Henry the eight by the good likeing of the natiues first assumed the title of King continued euer since in his successours More lately they were distinguished into the Irish and the English Pales or the Wild and Civill Irish whereof these obeyed the English lawes the other were let loose to their barbarous customes and liuing The happy successe of the last warres against Tir-oën and the wisdome and zeale of King Iames of happy memory put an end to this diuision the country being now every where planted with ciuill inhabitants and the whole reduced to an English Province The lawes whereby the people are governed are their Acts of Parliament and the Municipall or Common Lawes of England executed by the Lord Deputy or Vice-roy for the king Presidents Iudges Sheriffs other English names of Magistrates Their Religion which only is allowed is the Reformed or Protestant yet where the pretended Catholique or Roman doth more prevaile amongst the vulgar through their discontent or an inbred and rooted superstition Their Cleargie are Archbishops Bishops and Inferiour rankes whose Primate is Armagh and first Apostle S. Patricius or Patrick in the yeare 432 and the raigne of the Emperour Valentinian the third a Scot or Irishman after my author nephew to S. Martin Bishop of Tours and Disciple to S. German The Religious of this nation Monkes of an ancient institution haue been no lesse deseruing then their neighbours of Great Brittaine chast and holy Seminaries of pietie and religion during the Primitiue times of the English French and Dutch Churches but who passing vnder the generall name of the Scots for both then were thus called are oftentimes mistaken by their readers for the Scots of the Continent The country is divided into 5 greater names or Provinces petty kingdomes sometimes of the Irish Vlster Leinster Meth. Conaght Mounster VLSTER BOunded vpon the East North and West with the Ocean and vpon the South with Leinster Meth and Conaght The country is large the soil good deepe pasturages but otherwise vntill the English last plantation lesse fruitfull through the sloathfulnesse of the wild natiues overgrowne with vast and thicke woods bogs lakes and marishes Chiefe townes are Knocfergus in Antrim within a spacious bay Vinderius of Ptolemie a garrison towne and a commodious Port neere to Cantire and Scotland Vpon the same Easterne shore and in Louth Carlingford Dundalk Tredah at the mouth of the riuer Boine a faire and populous towne the next to Leinster Within Armagh neere to the river Kalin an Archbishops sea the Primate of the kingdome The Province containeth ten shires or counties Louth Cavon Fermanagh encompassing the great Lake Erne Monaghan Armagh Down Antrim Colran Tir-oen and Tir conell or Donegall The ancient inhabitants were the Darnij Voluntij Robognij and Erdini of Ptolemy LEINSTER EXtended along the Irish Ocean from Tredah Vlster and the river Boine vnto the Neure and Mounster vpon the South and bounded towards the West with Meth and the riuer Shaâ—on from Canaght The soile is fruitfull better manured and lesse encombred with woods the inhabitants more civill descended for a great part from the English and conforming to their habit and custome of living Chiefe townes are Dublin Eblana of Ptolemie vpon the Ocean at the fall of the river Liff Libnius of Ptolemy an Archbishops sea and the seat of the Lord Deputy or Viceroy of the kingdome rich strong populous and beautified with faire buildings Without standeth a College consecrated to the Muses and the name of the holy Trinitie a small Vniversitie founded by Queene Elizabeth of happy memory Weisford Menapia of Ptolemie at the mouth of the Slane the river Modona of the same author the first place in Ireland subdued by the English and peopled with their Colonies Within the land Kildare a Bishops sea Kilkenny vpon the river Neure the best towne of all the inland parts The whole containeth 7 divisions or shires Dublin Weisford Kildare Kings-Countie Queenes countie or the Lease Caterlogh and Kilkenny The ancient inhabitants were the Menapij Cauci Blanij and Brigantes of Ptolemy METH SEated in the middle of the Iland betwixt Leinster Conaught and Vlster It containeth East-Meth West-Meth and the countie of Longford Towns here are Trim in East-Meth vpon the river Boyne and Molingar in West-Meth The ancient inhabitants were part of the Blanij of Ptolemy CONAGHT BOunded vpon the West with the Irish Ocean vpon the North with Vlster and vpon the East and South with Meth Leinster and Mounster by the great river Shanon Senus of Ptolemie arising out of the mountaines of Letrim and after a long course hauing made sundry great lakes by the way falling into the Westerne Ocean some 60 miles below Limerick In the North hereof rise Curlew Mountaines fatall to the English by their slaughter and overthrow during the late Irish warres It containeth 6 shires or Counties Letrim Roscoman Slego Maio Galway and Twomund The chiefe towne and the third citty of the kingdome is Galway a Bishops sea a faire rich and well frequented Port neere vnto the fall of the great lake or river Corbes into the Westerne Ocean The ancient inhabitants were the Gangani Auteri and Nagnatae of Ptolemie MOVNSTER BOunded vpon the South-East and West with the Ocean and vpon the North with Leinster and the river Shanon from Conaght divided amongst 6 Counties Limerick Tipperarie Corck Waterford Desmond and Kerry Chiefe townes are Limerick in an Iland encompassed with the riuer Shanon a Bishops sea and a well traded Empory Waterford a rich Port and the second citty of the kingdome vpon the river Suire Corck a Bishops sea Kinsale a walled towne and a commodious Port at the mouth of the river Bany The ancient inhabitants were the Velibori Vodiae Vterni and Coriondi of Ptolemie Other more noted Ilands of Great Brittaine are 1 those of Orkney 2 those of Schetland lying in 63 degrees of Latitude 3 the Westerne Ilands belonging to the Crowne of Scotland 5 Subject to the English Crowne Man 6 Those of Silly 7 Wight and Holy Iland c. THE FIFTH BOOKE COntayning the present bounds situation and quality of Spaine The Inhabitants Their manners languages and religion The institution power and courts of their Inquisition The number and order of their Bishops The Religious del
Die Valence and Viviers vnder Arles Marseilles Tolon Aurange and S. Paul and vnder Avignon Carpentras Cavaillon and Tarascon Heere are likewise the Bishops of Metz Toul and Verdun but subordinate to the Arch-bishop and Electour of Triers in Germany The yearely revenues hereof of other Ecclesiasticall livings before the ciuill wars as an inventory takē thereof in the yeare 1543 related by Chappuys amounted to 12 millions 300 thousand pounds besides other casuall yet ordinary commings in or as by another estimate of Monsieur Allemant President of Accōpts at Paris to 712 parts of the whole revenues of France They are yet litle diminished the Cleargie possessing in a maner whatsoever they formerly enjoyed Concerning the ciuill statc the whole as governed by one king so is incorporated into one only kingdome The Lawes whereby it is governed are partly the French or Municipall and partly where these are defectiue the civill or Roman and partly customes which in some parts almost onely are in vse yet which the king may alter at his pleasure if hee see them to be prejudiciall to the state The Professours hereof are only Civilians brought vp in their Vniversities of which there are many in this kingdome especially for this profession in regard of the multiplicity of suites thorough the quarelsome nature of the people For the more due administration of justice the realme is divided into many shires or Balliages and Seneschausees as they terme them besides almost infinite subordinate courts where by their Baillifs and Seneschaux and their assistants which two Magistrates after Pasquier are all one and differ but in name all matters are adjudged both civill and criminall but with reference to the high Courts of Parliament wherevnto they are subject and whither appeales may be made according to every ones resort These Bailliages and Seneschaussees are thus ranked vnder their severall Parliaments In Bretaigne the Bailliages of Renes and Nantes vnder the Parliament of Renes In Normandy of Roan Caux Gisors Eureux Alençon Caen and Constances vnder the Parliament of Roan Vnder the Parliament of Paris in Picardy the Bailliages of Amiens Laon Boulogne and Abbeville in Champaigne of Rheims Troy Sens Vitry Chaumont and Auxerre in Brie of Chasteau-Thierry Provins and Meaux in France Speciall of Senlis and Melun with the Vicounte or Prevoste of Paris in Beausse the Seneschaussee of Angiers with the Bailliages of Orleans Chartres Mans Montfort l' Amaulry Tours and Blois in Berry the Bailliage of Bourges in Rochelois of Rochelle in Poictou the Seneschaussee of Poictiers in Bourbonois of Moulins in Lionnois of Lions in Limaigne or le Basse Auvergne of Rions and in Engoulmois of Engoulesme Vnder the Parliament of Bourdeaux in Limousin the Seneschausees of Limoges and Brive in Perigort of Perigueux in Guienne of Sainctes Bourdeaux Basats and Lapourd in Agennois and Condomois parts of Gascoigne at Agen and Condom Vnder the Parliament of Tholouse for the rest of Gascoigne the Seneschaussees of Lactoure and Tarbe in high Auvergne the Seneschaussee of Orillac in Quercy of Cahors in Rovergne of Rhodes in Languedoc of Tholouse Carcassone and Beaucaire In Provence vnder the Parliament of Aix the Seneschaussees of Aix and Cisteron In Daulphinie vnder the Parliament of Grenoble the Seneschaussees of Grenoble Vienne Valençe and in la Bourgoigne vnder the Parliament of Diion the Bailliages of Diion Austun Chalon vpon Soasne Semur and la Montagne Of these 8 Parliaments the chiefe is that of Paris whether appeale may be made from the other seaven The Bailliages likewise and Seneschaussees haue vnder them many subordinate places of Iustice called by the French les Seiges Royaux les Chastellenies and les Bailliages Subalternes resortable herevnto as those are to the Parliaments Heere are also some peculiar and exempted places suiting no superiour courts such as are the litle Principality of Dombes with the countries of Avignon and Aurenge which two howsoeuer that they are seated within the maine land of Provençe acknowledge notwithstanding onely their owne lawes and Lords the Pope Princes of Aurenge The King is hereditary but where no women by a pretended Salique law as neither their issue thorough their right doe inherite This law as the tradition goeth was first made by Pharamond was so named of the Salij a French people called thus from the Ysel one of the three maine channels of the Rhijn where they inhabited before their comming into Gaule The words thereof are as my authour reciteth them that no women shall haue any portion in the Salique lād which although not restrayned to any sort of inheritance meant onely of the countrey of the Salij lying without the limits of moderne France they vnderstand notwithstanding of the present France and interpret onely of the kingdome forced heevnto for that custome and examples are manifest of women inheretrices in their Dukedomes and private possessions But that this hath beene a meere imposture of the French Sieur du Haillan a natiue Frenchman is plaine in his History of France and in the life of Pharamond freely acknowledging that the words cannot bee vnderstood of the kingdome that Pharamond never made such a law and that their perpetuall male succession they haue not so much by law as by custome begun in the first and barbarous race of their Kings reverenced as a law by the second and by the third race for the better authority thereof falsely called by the name of Salique and attributed vnto Pharamond Hee addeth that neither Aimonius Gregory of Tours nor any of the more auncient and more approved French Historians ever make any mention of this law which so remarkeable a thing if it had beene they would not haue omitted It is manifest then this law to haue bin fained either as in du Haillan by Philip le Long to put a barre vnto the title of his Neice Ioane of France daughter to Lewis Hutin them making claime vnto the kingdome for before that time as in Pasquier the kingdome never fell in Quenoville or vnto the right of women or otherwise by Philip de Valois to exclude the title of Edward the third king of England his competitour for the kingdome descended from Isabel daughter to Philip the fourth father to Lewis Hutin and Philip le Long and if ever since it hath been observed that this hath bin rather to avoide the exceptions of the English then that they haue any just reason or authority for it The Prince is stiled by the name of the most Christian King a title saith du Haillan continued in the succession hereof ever since the Regency of Charles Martel father to king Pepin and grand-father to Charles the great to whom it was given for his valiant and stout defence of the Christian Religion against the Infidels His Dominions are now nothing so large as in times past In the race of Merovee he lorded over all Gaule and the better part of Germany Charles
went naked and had their bodies painted Other Etymologies are absurd and more vnlikely The best antiquity being herein silent can be only coniecturall and very vncertaine THE BOVNDS OF ANCIENT BRITAINE THe bounds of the ancient since of an Iland were the same with those of the moderne Britaine vpon the North the Northerne sea vpon the West the Irish and the Westerne vpon the South the English or British and vpon the East the German Ocean BRITAINE VNDER THE FIRST NATIVES THe first dominion hereof was vnder the natiue Britons for more ancient inhabitants we finde not Of these the Caledonij Tacitus coniectureth originally to haue beene Germans from their yellow haire the Silures Spaniards from their curled lockes and more swarthy countenances The generality of the Nation he otherwise thinketh to haue beene descended from the neighbouring Gaules in regard of their same religion and like manners and language Their descent from the Gaules is more probable as for the reasons here set downe so for the situation hereof being the next part of the Continent vnto them their way from Asia and the East from whence the world was first peopled Their originall from Brute and the Troians is altogether absurd and fabulous since not any more ancient Greeke or Latine Authours or barbarous monuments make mention hereof from whom the compilers of that story might gather their relation neither were the ruder natiues then so learned or carefull that they preserued any memorie of things done vnto after ages Their government while they were free was vnder Kings commaunded by many after the fashion of barbarous Nations Amongst these Caesar maketh mention of Cassivellanus in his 5 Commentary of the warres of Gaule vpon occasion of his warres herewith Dion of Cataratacus and Togodumnus sonnes to Cynobellinus in the raigne of Claudian Tacitus of Cartismandua Queene of the Brigantes in the time of the same Emperour The Caledonioj for a great part were a free state after Xiphilinus in his Epitome of Dion and life of the Emperour Severus gouerned by the people What was their estate before Caesar ancient Authours relate not neither excepting onely Lucretius doe so much as put downe and remember the name of Britons BRITAINE CONQVERED BY THE ROMANES THe Romans were the first of certaine and knowne forreiners of these C Iulius Caesar who invaded Britaine in the yeare of Rome 699 Cn. Pompeìus and M. Crassus being Consulls invited according to Suetonìus through a couetous desire of the fairer pearles hereof and pretending as himselfe witnesseth in his Commentaries the continuall supplies and aides of the Nation sent vnto the Gaules in their great warres hereagainst After two iourneyes made and some victories gained hostages taken a tribute imposed he returned into the Continent rather after Tacitus affrighting the Ilanders by those inroades and discouering them to posterity then making any conquest of them The Romans afterwards being detained at home by civill warres and the succeeding Emperours Octavius Augustus and Tiberius being carefull rather to preserue what they had gotten then vncertainely to graspe at more Britaine is a long time forgotten and the conquest hereof intermitted Caius Caligula had a purpose to invade the Iland but being giddy-headed and his minde soone changing this project is left of In the yeare of Rome 797 Aulus Plautius is sent hither from Claudius sollicited by Bericus a Britaine through sedition expulsed the Countrie accompanied by the two brethren Sabinus and Vespasianus who afterwards was Emperour followed not long after by the Emperour Claudius in person the successe of whose warre was after Dion the taking of Camalodunum a chiefe seate of the Kings the death of King Togodumnus the subjection of the part hereof lying next to Gaule and the disarming of the Inhabitants the first hereof that set firme footing and fixed a conquest in the Countrie By Aulus Plautius left by Claudius to end the warre and his successour Publius Ostorius Scapula the Silures and Iceni being vanquished in severall fights King Caractacus taken prisoner and a Roman Colonie planted at Camalodunum their conquests here are confirmed and enlarged and the higher part of Britaine reduced into the forme of a Roman Province In the raigne of Domitius Nero the Britons provoked with injuries vnder Voadica Queene to Pratasagus the late deceased King of the Iceni take armes and rebell sacking the townes of Camalodunum and Verulamium and killing no lesse then 70 thousand Roman Citizens and their confederates overthrowne shortly after slaine in a great battaile to the number of 80 thousand and forced to a greater servitude by Paulinus Suetonius then Leifetenant for the Emperour By Petilius Cerealis in the raigne of Vespasian the great and populous Nation of the Brigantes are warred vpon and in part overcome By Iulius Frontinus his Successour the warlike Silures after stiffe and long resistance are subdued Iulius Agricola Propraetor in the raigne of Domitian set limits here to the Roman greatnes by armes iustice and better moderation making a full conquest of the Southerne part of the Iland extended Northwards vnto the seas Glota and Bodotria now the Friths of Dunbriton and Edenborough in Scotland the furthest bounds this way of their Empire ordering the whole into a province and civilizing the inhabitants teaching them letters and the Roman habit and manners Hee also after Dion first discouered the Countrie to be an Iland which vntill then was doubted of and not certainely knowne The further parts beyond the Bodotria and Glota as more could and vnfruitfull and inaccessable in regard of their great mountaines and woods he left free to the more fierce barbarous Northerne Britons whom he paled in and shut out from the more ciuill and Roman by sundry forts garrisons of souldiers planted in the narrow necke of land betwixt the two Friths The Emperour Adrian not long after remoued the pale more Southwards and the better to keepe out the enimy drew a trench or wall of turfes of 80 miles crosse the Iland betwixt the two seas The place Aelius Spartianus my Authour setteth not downe Camden coniectureth it to haue beene where afterwards stood the wall of Severus extended betwixt the river Tina Ituna now the Tine Solway Frith neare Carlile Lollius Vrbicus in the raigne of Antoninus Pius who next succeeded beating backe the barbarous people againe enlarged the province beyond the wall of Adrian as thinketh Camden vnto the two Friths before mentioned and the limits of the Empire in the time of Agricola and Domitian which after Capitolinus he likewise entrenched with another new wall of sodds ouerthrowne not long after and broken downe by the Caledonij in the raigne of the Emperour Commodus The Roman Britons continually molested by the barbarous incursions of the Highlanders or Northerne the Emperour Septimius Severus attempted the conquest of the whole Iland which yet the enimies keeping within their fastnesses not offering battaill after
Metellanus Caratacus Corbredus Dardannus Corbredus the second Luctacus Mogaldus Conarus Ethodius Satrael Donaldus the first Ethodius the second Athirco Nathalocus Findochus Donaldus the second Donaldus the third Crathilinthus Fincormachus Romachus Angusianus Fethelmachus and Eugenius slaine with the whole strength and flowre of the Nation by the joint armes of the Picts and Romans vnder Maximus Lieftenant of the Province for the Emperour Gratian after whom the remainder of the vanquished Scots being banished their Countrey by an edict of the Romans should follow a vacancie or Interregnum of 27 yeares The vntruth and absurditie of this whole narration the consent of auncient and approued Authours doth sufficiently manifest placing here the Novantae Caledonij and other names of the Britons without mentioning the Scots vntill the raigne of the Emperour Honorius Wee adde that the Roman Historians as neither the more auncient Brittish or English relate not any such conquest of the Scots or Northerne part of Britaine vnder Gratian and Maximus of which more great and remarkeable victory they would not doubtlesse haue beene silent if any such had beene Their succession from more certaine and cleare times follow Fergusius named by the Scottish Historians Fergusius the second whom they suppose to be the son of Erthus son to Echadius or Ethodius brother to Eugenius slaine in battaile by Maximus and the Romans in the yeare 404 and raigne of the Emperour Honorius returning from exile and through the aide and confederacy of the Picts and the absence of the Roman Legions drawne out into the Continent against the barbarous Nations by Honorius with the rest of the banished Scots recouering their lost countrey created King in the yeare aforesaid some 27 yeares after the decease of Eugenius The more vnpartiall and judicious make this Prince to be the first king of the Scots of Britaine That the Scots were possessed of a part of Britaine in the raigne of Honorius we haue before proued The manner we leaue vnto the credit of our Scottish Relaters Beda otherwise calleth the King or Captaine of the Scots vnder whom they first inhabited this Iland by the name of Reuda The time he setteth not downe Eugenius eldest son to Fergusius The kingdome of the Scots contained at this time the part of present Scotland extended along the Westerne Ocean from the Frith of Dunbriton Northwards He deceased in the yeare 449 slaine in battaile against Hengist and the Saxons Dongaldus brother to Eugenius Constantinus brother to Dongaldus and Eugenius Congallus son to Dongaldus Goranus brother to Congallus Eugenius the second son to Congallus Congallus the second brother to Eugenius the second Kinnatellus brother to Engenius and Congallus the second Aidanus son to Goranus in the time of S. Columbanus and of Austine the Monke the Apostle of the English He deceased in the yeare 604. Kennethus the first Eugenius the third son to Aidanus Ferchardus the first son to Eugenius the third succeeding in the yeare 622. Donaldus brother to Ferchardus the first Ferchardus the second son to Ferchardus the first Maldvinus son to Donaldus Eugenius the fourth son to Donaldus and brother to Maldvinus Eugenius the fift son to Ferchardus the second Amberkelethus son to Findanus son to Eugenius the fourth Eugenius the sixt brother to Amberkelethus Mordacus son to Amberkelethus Etfinus son to Eugenius the sixt succeeding in the yeare 730. Eugenius the seauenth son to Mordacus Fergusius the second son to Etfinus Solvathius son to Eugenius the seauenth Achaius son to Etfinus he deceased in the yeare 809 Charles the great then commaunding ouer the French Empire Vnder these two Princes after my Authours begun first the auncient league betwixt the French Scottish Nations Congallus the third cosen German to Achaius Dongallus son to Solvathius Alpinus son to Achaius His mother was sister vnto Hungus king of the Picts in whose right the heires of Hungus being deceased he made claime to the Pictish kingdome the occasion of a long and bloody warre betwixt the two nations the issue whereof was the death of Alpinus overcome in battaill and slaine by the Picts and the finall ouerthrow and extirpation of the Picts not long after by king Kenneth and the Scots Scotland at this time contayned onely the Westerne moity of the present extending from Solway Frith Northwards together with the Redshanks or Westerne Ilands hauing the Picts vpon the East vpon the South the Britons of Cumberland and vpon the North and West the Ocean from Ireland Kennethus the second son to Alpinus He vtterly subdued droue out the Picts and enlarged the Scottish Empire ouer the whole North part of the Iland divided from the Britons and English by Solway Frith and the riuer Tweede He deceased in the yeare 854. Donaldus the second brother to Kennethus the second Constantinus the second son to Kennethus the second He was slaine in fight against the Danes in the yeare 874. Ethus brother to Constantine and son to Kenneth Gregorius son to Dongallus Donaldus the third son to Constantine the second Milcolumbus the first son to Donaldus He added to the Scottish dominions the Countryes of Westmoreland and Cumberland part sometimes of Northumberland given vnto him and his Successours by Edmund Monarch of the West Saxons to be held vnder the right and homage of the English Indulfus slaine against the Danes Duffus sonne to Milcolumbus the first Culenus sonne to Indulfus Kennethus the third brother to Duffus By the consent of the states assembled in Parliament he made the kingdome haereditary or to descend vnto the next ofkin to the deceased which vntill that time had vncertainely wandred amonst the princes of the royall blood the vncles most commonly being preferred before the nephewes the elder in yeares before those who were yonger He was slaine by the malice and treason of Fenella a woman in the yeare 994. Constantinus the third son to Culenus chosen king by his faction against the law of Kenneth the third opposed by Milcolumbus son to Kenneth He was slaine in fight by Kenneth base brother to Milcolumbus Grimus son or nephew to King Duffus elected against Milcolumbus and the law of Kenneth overthrown in battaill and slaine by Milcolumbus Milcolumbus the second sonne to Kenneth the third king by right of conquest and the law of Kenneth He confirmed by act of Parliament the Law touching the succession made by his father After this Prince the eldest sons of the Kings or the next of their blood ordinarily succeeded in the Scottish kingdome Hee deceased without male issue slaine by treason Duncanus son to Crinus chiefe Thane of the Westerne Ilands and Beatresse eldest daughter to Milcolumbus the second He was slaine by the treason of Macbethus Macbethus son to the Thane of Anguis and Doaca yonger daughter to King Milcolumbus the second after seventeene yeares tyranny and vsurpation overcome and slaine by Milcolumbus son to Duncanus Milcolumbus the third son to Duncanus succeeding in the yeare 1057. He marryed vnto Margaret
eldest daughter to Edward surnamed the Outlaw eldest son to Edmund Ironside King of England by which meanes the right of the house of the Saxons Edgar Atheling the only son of Edward deceasing vnmarried and without issue descended vpon the Kings of Scotland the posterity hereof and Margaret continued herein vnto our times and the vnion of the two kingdomes in Iames our late Soveraigne of happy memory He first as is thought brought into Scotland the titles of Earles Barons with others borrowed from the neighbouring English with whom vnder Edward the Confessour during the vsurpation of Macbeth he had for a long time remained He was slaine at the taking of Anwick Castle in Northumberland after some yeares warre maintained against William the Conquerour and the Normans occasioned through his protection and ayde of the banished English Donaldus the fourth son to Duncanus yonger brother to Milcolumbus the third vsurping the kingdome by the aide of Magnus king of Norwey He was driven out by Duncanus naturall son to Milcolumbus the third Duncanus the second naturall son to Milcolumbus the third slaine by the treason of Macpendirus Earle of Merne corrupted by Donaldus the fourth liuing then exiled amongst the Westerne Ilands He thus murthered Donardus the fourth resumed the kingdome vanquished and taken prisoner not long after by Edgar the right heire son to Milcolumbus the third and Margaret ayded by his vncle Edgar and the English Edgar son to Milcolumbus the third and Margaret daughter to Edward surnamed the Outlaw His sister Maude was marryed vnto Henrie the first king of England yongest son to the Conquerour vniting hereby the royall blood of the Saxons with that of the Normans Hee deceased without issue Alexander the first son to Milcolumbus and Margaret and brother to Edgar He also deceased sans issue David the first brother to Edgar and Alexander and son to Milcolumbus and Margaret succeeding in the yeare 1124. He annexed to the Crowne of Scotland the Earledomes of Northumberland and Huntingdon acruing through his marriage with Maude daughter to Earle Waldeofus He recouered likewise Cumberland and Westmoreland from the English taken from his predecessours by William the Conquerour restored vnto him by the liberality of king Stephen Milcolumbus the fourth son to Henrie prince of Scotland son to king David Vnable to withstand the ambition and greater power hereof he quitted Northumberland Westmoreland and Cumberland vnto Henry the second king of England retaining onely the Earledome of Huntingdon of all his English possessions left for a time vnto his successours He deceased without issue vnmarried VVilliam brother to Malcolme the fourth Taken prisoner at the battaill of Anwijck to procure his libertie peace with the English he did homage and sweare fealty vnto king Henry the second for the Crowne of Scotland Alexander the second son to William Alexander the third son to Alexander the second He deceased in the yeare 1285 without heires of his body or not long surviving The whole issue hereof and of king Alexander the second and William extinguished their contended for the soveraignety Iohn Balliol Lord of Galloway son to Iohn Balliol and Dornagilla daughter to Alan Lord of Galloway and Margaret eldest daughter to David Earle of Huntingdon brother to king William great vncle to Alexander the third and Robert Bruce Lord of Annandale son to Robert Bruce and Isabell second daughter to David Earle of Huntingdon and sister to Margaret both parties challenging a chiefer right and interest before the other Balliol as descended from the elder sister and Bruce as nearer by one degree to Earle David The Scots not able to determine the controversie or without armes Edward the first king of England is chosen vmpire After 6 yeares vacancy the right is adiudged on the behalfe of Balliol by king Edward with condition of his acknowledgment and homage to the English Crowne Iohn Balliol Lord of Galloway king of Scotland by the arbitration of king Edward the first He did homage to king Edward at the towne of Newcastle vpon Tine according to the agreement made betwixt them Discontenting his subjects through this his English subjection to regaine their lost loues or after my Scottish Authours provoked with some disgrace iniuries receiued from Edward he renounced not long after his homage and fealty sworne to the English warred vpon by Edward and after some ouerthrowes vnable to withstand so valiant and great a Monarcke forced to resigne into the hands hereof the whole right and interest he had or might claime to the Crowne of Scotland imprisoned afterwards in the towre of London and set at liberty by the mediation of Pope Boniface the eight and sent ouer to his inheritance and possessions in France where in a private fortune he dyed After this king Edward the first of England made a full conquest of the Scots whō he kept vnder hard subjection during his whole raigne although not without sundry defections and rebellions of this fierce stirring nation moued by William Walleys Robert Bruce and others most commonly to their losse He deceasing through their great victorie at Banocks-bourne neare Striueling obtained against Edward the second and the English and the tumults disorders hapning in England during the raigne of this weake and vnfortunate prince the Scots againe recouer their libertie Robet Bruce formerly crowned in the raigne of Edward the first is confirmed king Robert the first son to Robert Bruce lord of Anandale competitour of the kingdome with Iohn Balliol king of Scotland by right of warre his birth and the voluntary cession of Balliol the restorer of the Scottish name and liberty after a victorious and happy raigne deceasing in the yeare 1329. David the second king of Scotland son to Robert the first In the minority hereof Edward Balliol son to Iohn Balliol invadeth and by the helpe of the English obtayneth the Scottish Crowne to be held by him vnder the homage and protection of Edward the third king of England opposed by the faction of David Balliol and his Enhlish after long miserie and war being thrust out king David recovereth his almost lost kindgome taken prisoner shortly after at the battaill of Nevills crosse neere Durham invading England in favour of his auncient friends the French distressed through the many victories of Edward the third and the English He deceased without issue in the yeare 1370 the second and last king of Scotland of the house and name of Bruce Robert the second the first of the familie name of the Stewarts descended from Walter created Stewart of Scotland by Malcolme the third which name of office grew afterwards a surname to his house and ofspring king of Scotland in right from his mother eldest daughter to Robert the first and sister to Dauid the second Since this time the name and house of Stewarts haue still worne the regall Crowne of the Scottish dominions Iohn the second called Robert after his inauguration the name of Iohn as
wherein his father with the Normans had conquered the English annexing Normandy to his English Crowne his borther Robert being surprised in battaile and detayned prisoner during life He deceased in the yeare 1135 the first English-Norman king Stephen Earle of Mortaigne yonger son to Stephen Earle of Blois and Champaigne by Adcla daughter to the Conquerour king of England by the power of his faction the advantage of his sexe and the pretended will of king Henry vpon his death-bed opposed by Maude the onely legitimate daughter surviuing issue of Henry formerly wife to Henry the fourth Emperour of the Romans After long trouble warres betwixt the two sides a peace at length is concluded Stephen is continued in the possession of the Crowne to returne after his decease vpon Henry Fitz-Empresse son to Mande and to the heires of the first Henry Henry the second son to Geffrey Plantaginet Earle of Aniou in France Maude the Empresse daughter to Henry the first and Maude daughter to Malcolme king of Scotland and S t Margaret descended from king Edmund surnamed the Iron-side In this prince the surname of Plantaginet was first deriued vpon the house of England continued vnto Edward sonne to George Duke of Clarence the last Plantaginet or of the male issue hereof the rest extinguished during the ciuill warres betwixt the houses of Yorke and Lancaster put to death by king Henry the seaventh He marryed vnto Eleanor daughter and sole heire to William Duke of Aquitaine Guienne and by armes voluntary submission made first subiect the factious and devided Irish king of England Duke of Normandy Aquitaine Guienne Earle of Aniou The dominion title of Ireland he had given vnto his yongest son Iohn Maude his eldest daughter was married vnto Henrie surnamed the Lyon Duke of Saxony and Bavaria from whom are descended the present Dukes of Brunswyck and Lunenburg in Germany bearing the same armes with the more auncient kings of England Richard the first king of England Duke of Normandy Aquitaine Guienne Earle of Aniou son to Henrie the second He accompanied Philip surnamed Augusts king of France with other Latine princes towards the East for the recoverie of the Holy Land renowned for his victories against Saladine Sultan of Aegypt and the Infidels Not the least in that journey amongst his other conquest was that of the Cyprioâ—s whom occasioned by some hostile and churlish carriages of Cursar their king against his distressed and weather-beaten Fleete he in few daies subdued exchanging that Iland with Guy of Lusignan for the kingdome or title of Hierusalem remaining in the house of Guy for many descents vntill the vsurpation thereof by the Venetians He deceased without issue Iohn king of England Duke of Normandie Aquitaine and Guienne Earle of Aniou and Lord of Ireland which last title he first added yongest son to Henry the second opposed by Arthur Duke of Britaine son to Geffrey his elder brother and Constance inheretresse of that house He lost Normandy Aniou Touraine and Maine with Poictou part of the Dukedome of Aquitaine to Philip the second surnamed Augustus French king pretending their forfeiture holding of the French kings in fee vpon the decease of Arthur whom he surmised to haue beene murthered by Iohn forsaken in those troubles by his disloyall Nobility refusing their aydes and betrayed by the natiues of those countries better effected to the French Ingaged at once in three dangerous warres against the Pope Cleargie the French king and his rebellious subjects to make his peace with the Pope his more potent adversary and the chiefe authour of those evils Innocentius the third then succeeding in the Papacy he enthralled his Crowne to the tribute and vassallage of the sea of Rome Henry the third son to Iohn succeeding in the left dominions of his father and in his warres against the French and his traiterous English Barons Edward the first son to Henry the third He subdued the Scots and annexed the Welsh to his English kingdome Edward the second son to Edward the first He marryed vnto Isabel daughter to Philip the fourth French king deposed by a joint conspiracy of his disloyall Queene subjects pretending his bad government and vices Edward the third son to Edward the second Isabel of France The male issue of Philip the fourth extinguished in Charles surnamed the Faire in right from his mother daughter to Philip the next heire generall he made claime to the rich kingdome of France assuming the title hereof and quartering his English armoryes with the French Lillies continued still in his successours Hauing vanquished the French in two memorable battailes at Crecy and Poictiers taken Iohn their king prisoner he in the end nothwithstanding fortune changing lost to that enimy all Aquitaine and Guienne the remainder of the English possessions in that Continent Calais excepted yeelded vp by the treacherous inhabitants ill affecting the English government and coveting a revnion with France He deceased in the yeare 1378. Richard the second king of England France and Lord of Ireland son to Edward prince of Wales eldest son to Edward the third deposed by Henry the fourth without issue Henry the fourth king of England France Lord of Ireland son to Iohn of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster fourth son to Edward the third the first prince of the Lancastrian family whose vsurpation and vniust title gaue occasion afterwards to those long and miserable warres betwixt his house Yorke Henry the fift king of England France and Lord of Ireland eldest son to Henrie the fourth The field of Azincourt won and the vnfortunate French vnder a lunatike and weake king being devided into two great factions of Burgundie and Orleans by the aide of Burgundie hauing married Catharine the French kings daughter he is made Regent of France during the malady and indisposition hereof and declared his next successour to the Crowne Charles the Dolphin his son disinherited Henrie the sixt king of England France and Lord of Ireland son to Henry the fift Catherine of France Crowned French king at Paris in the yeare 1431. In the raigne hereof Richard Duke of Yorke layd claime to the Crowne of England in the right of the house of Clarence elder brother to Iohn of Gaunt father to king Henry the fourth ayded by Richard Nevile Earle of Warwick and other potent nobility the effect whereof was a bloody civill warre continued with variable fortune for the space of 25 yeares betwixt the two houses of Lancaster and Yorke the slaughter of the greatest part of the blood royall of both factions the deposing murder of this holy and just prince the irrecoverable losse of France by these tumults the establishing of the kingdome in Edward the fourth his succession the house of Yorke Edward the fourth son to Richard Plantaginet Duke of Yorke which Richard was son to Richard Earle of Cambridge sonne to Edmund Duke of Yorke fift son
Cohort of Spaniards and Haugustald of Beda a Bishops see vnder the SaxoÌ„s Corebridge Curia of Ptolemy a city of the Otadeni Prudhow castle probably Procolitia of the Notitia the station of the 1 Cohort of the Batavi Newcastle not vnprobably Gabrosentum of the Notitia the station of the 2 Cohort of the Thracians the chiefe towne a rich empory and a noted Port whose best trade is vpon Coale distributed from hence ouer all the Seacoasts of the kingdome and into forreine and remote countreyes seated vpon the Picts wall and the side of a steepe hill vnder which runneth the Tine Walls-end Vindomara of Antoninus and Vindobala of the Notitia the station of the 1 Cohort of the Frixagori Here at the Tine endeth the Picts wall Tinmouth-Castle Tunnocellum of the Notitia the station of the 1 Cohort named Aelia Classica At the Sheales vpon both sides of the Tine betwixt this New-castle plenty of salt is boiled with coale made of Sea-waters Along the Picts wall without the Tine Thirlewall betwixt the South-Tine and the head of the river Irthing Here the Scots Picts are said to haue broke thorough into the Province in the raigne of the Emperour Valentinian the third after the departure of the Roman Legions occasioning the aides and invasion of the Saxons Beyond neere to Caer Vorran a part of the wall standeth almost entire containing 15 foote in height some 9 in breadth Short of Busye-gap Chester on the Wall Magnae of the Notitia the station of the 2 Cohort of the Dalmatians Seauenshale Hunnum of the Notitia the station of a Wing of Horse named Saviniana by my Authour Walwick conjecturally Gallana of Antoninus Beyond the North-Tine crosseth the Wall arising from mountaines in the Scottish borders and naming the large village of Tindale Stilicester not vnprobably Cilurnum of the Notitia the station of the 2 wing of the Asturians Pont-Eland vpon theriver Pont Pons-Aelii of the Notitia the station of the 1 Cohort of the Cornavij Borwick Borcovicus of the Notitia the Station of the 1 Cohort of the Tungri Winchester in the Wall Vindolana of the Notitia the station of the 4 Cohort of the Lergi Bamborrow Castle short of the Holy Iland Bebba of Beda Morpit vpon the Wents-beck Anwick vpon the â—iver Alne Vpon the Tweede and Borders of Scotland Werke-castle Norham Berwick vpon the lest banke mouth of the river a strong towne of warre opposed sometimes against the Scots the farthest boundes of the English Empire Vpon the Till a riuer falling into the Tweed aboue Norham Ford Castle To the West beyond the riuer riseth Floddon hill made famous by the death of Iames the fourth king of Scotland slaine in a memorable battle by Thomas Howard Earle of Surrey generall of the English in the raigne of Henry the Eight The ancient inhabitants were the Otadeni of Ptolemie part of the Meatae of Xiphilinus afterwards the Bernicij of Beda part of the Northumbrian English The Earledome of Northumberland after the expulsion of the Danes extended betwixt the rivers Tweed and Humber containing the whole ancient kingdome of Northumberland In the raigne of king Edgar it was parted into two Earledomes or goverments for such then were the Earledomes the Earledome of Northumberland beyond the riuer Tine and on this side revnited not long after and againe divided in the Earles Morcar and Osulfus about the raigne of the Conquerour The part or Earledome on this side of the Tine taking afterwards the name of Yorkshire from the chiefe citty the Earledome and name of Northumberland was left only to the part beyond the Tine continued here vnto our times the beginning and occasion of the present These six shires seeme more anciently to haue contained the consulary Roman Province named Maxima Caesariensis by Rufus Festus and the Notitia with part of the Province Valentia of Ammianus Marcellinus and the same Authors inhabited by the great and populous nation of the Brigantes of Ptolemie with the Otadeni or Maeatae Vnder the Saxons they comprehended the Deiri of Beda with part of the Bernicij divided asunder with the river Tees or the greatest part of the kingdome of Northumberland They make now the fourth or last division of the kingdome bounded vpon the East and West with the German Irish Ocean vpon the North with the rivers Tweed and Eske or the Sark with Solway Frith from Scotland vpon the South with Humber and the Mersee from the rest of England OF THE STATE OF EVROPE The IIII Booke COntaining the Relation and Description of Scotland and of Ireland with other the Ilands of Great Brittaine SCOTLAND THE bounds hereof are the Ocean vpon the East West and North and vpon the South the Mountaine Cheviot the Frith of Solway and the rivers Eske or Sarke Tweed from England It lyeth betwixt the 55â…“ and 60½ degrees of Northerne Latitude subject to the 11 and 12 with part of the 10 and 13 Climates The longest day at Solway Frith containeth about 17 houres and 15 minutes At Straithy head the most Northerly point it containeth 18 houres and 3 quarters The length after this computation is 310 Italian miles The greatest breadth is accompted at 190 English miles The soile is different the West and North craggy and mountainous the East and South lesse hilly and more fruitfull full of rivers and faire lakes and cut into by sundry long and spacious Creekes of the Ocean plentifull in fish and affording good harbours for shipping The Hills abound with Mineralls sea-coale marble copper Iron and lead with some silver Nothing is wanting for the necessary vse of the inhabitants frugall plaine and temperate in their diet not accoustomed to that luxurie excesse vsuall to more rich and fertill countries The ancient inhabitants were the Britons divided by Ptolemie into many lesser names by Dion and Xiphilinus into two only generall of the Caledonij and Maeatae and lastly called the Picts towards the waine of the Roman Empire from their paintings and for their better distinction from the civill and cloathed Britons distinguished by Amm Marcellinus into the The Lawes whereby the whole is gouerned are the Parliamental Municipal or Common and when these are wanting the Ciuill or Roman yet where conscience and equity doe ouer-rule both besides the Session or Supreame Court residing at Edenburg whereunto appeale may be made from the rest c. here administred in 25 Prefectureshipps or Iuridicall Resorts 1. the Countries or Sheriffdomes of Edenburg Linlithquo Selkirck Roxburgh Peblis Lanark Renfrew Dunfreis Wighton Aire Bute Argile and Tarbar Dunbriton Perth Clackmannan Kinros Fife Kincardin Forfair Aberdone Bamff Elgin Forres Narn Innernesse Cromarty and Orkney and Schetland 2. the Seneschaussees or Stewarties of Mentieth Strath-ern Kircudbricht and Annandale 3. the Bailywicks of Kile Carick and Cunningham 4. and the Constableship of Haddington whose Iudges in both causes Ciuill and Criminall are the Sheriffs Stewards or Bailiffs of each
Ocean along the Straights of Hercules and the Seas Ibericum Sardoâ—m parts of the Mediterranean vnto the riuer Ampsaga vpon the East the bounds thereof of the lesser or proper Afrique devided by the riuer Malva into the Provinces Tingitana Casariensis contayning together at this day after Birtius the kingdomes of Morocco Fez Tremisen Since the supersititon of the Mahumetanes this generall name hath been derived over almost the whole Sea-coast of Afrique lying quart of Europe reaching from the Sea Atlantique and Straights of Gibraltar vnto the Red Sea Aegypt subject now as was the whole knowne South East vnto the great Miramamoline or Caliph of the Saracens resident at Damascus in Asia the Empire hereof at that time being whole and vndevided The occasion of their first comming invasion hereof next vnto the sins of the nation was the treason of Iulianus Governour now of Tingitana for Rodericus discontented with the promotion hereof vnto the kingdome being of the faction of the sons of Witiza and then newly enraged with the ravishment of his daughter Cava by the lustfull king Rodericus Vlit was then Miramamoline His governour for Afrique was Muza posted vnto by Iulianus and with faire hopes invited to the conquest of the Gothes Spaine The Miramamoline made acquainted Tarif is sent from Muza In the yeare 714 at the river Guadalethe neere vnto the towne of Xeres dela Frontera the powers of Spaine Afrique fatally joyne aided by the traitour Iulianus and the faction of the sons of Witiza Rodericus with great slaughter of his people is overthrowne slaine the name of the Gothes extinguished and the whole Spaine within three yeares space conquered and overrun the hilly parts of Asturia and Biscaia with those of the Pyrenes almost only excepted at whose mountaines the Rendez-vous of the distressed and flying Christians the great good fortune of the Moores suddenly stoppeth and recoyles their Empire here in a maner no sooner beginning then declining sundrie honourable Christian kingdomes estates here arising as did afterwards in other parts of Spaine by the meanes and thorough the emulation hereof those of Leon Castille Navarre Aragon Portugal Barcelona by the favour of God the valour of the Nation the charitable aide of neighbouring Christians and thorough the discord disvnion of the Infidels gathering continuall ground herevpon and at length vtterly expelling driving them out After continuall loppings of the devided long languishing estate hereof and their continuance and abode here for the space of 778 yeares in the yeare 1492 their commaund and government in Spaine tooke end the kingdome of Granado all other parts which they held having long before beene recovered vnder Mahomet Boabdelin their last king being taken in by Ferdinand the fift Elizabeth kings of Castille and Aragon and such as would not â—eâ—ege their superstition forced over into Afrique Of late yeares presently vpon the first warres ended with the Netherlanders certain remainders of this of-spring to the number of many thousand families inhabiting within the countries of Granado Valentia though ChristiaÌ„s at least in show subject vnto the kings of Spaine were by the jealousy of Philip the third then raigning vtterly expulsed and their whole race name here by this meanes quite rooted out The dominion hereof in Spaine was first vnder the great Miramamolines of the Saracens before mentioned residing in Asia and commaunding here by their Lieftenants In the yeare 759 revoulting from vnder the government of the Miramamolines in the person of Abderabmen descended from their Prophet Mahomet they erected here a free Monarchy loose from all forreine subjection in which state in the posterity hereof they continued for the space of 247 yeares Occasioned thorough the slough and pusillanimity of Hissemus the second the last Monarch of the race of Abderrahmen about the yeare 1006 deposed by Mahomad Almohadius and thorough the civill warres and dissentions which ensued afterwards for the soveraignety they broke into the many petty kingdomes of Cordova Sevilla Toledo and Saragoça with others the governours of each chiefe city then taking vpon them the name and authority of Kings Iuzephus Telephinus Miramamoline of Morocco of the house of the Almoravides and the ambition of the king of Cordova ayming by the aide hereof at the conquest of the rest about the yeare 1091 put an end to this first devision subduing those petty kings and reducing in a maner the whole which was yet left vnconquered by the Christians vnder his sole government revniting them with the African Moores The family of the Almoravides being overthrowne and destroyed by Abdelmon and the Almohades a new sect of the African Moores in the yeare 1150 they againe chaunged their lords superstition and became subject herevnto Mahomad surnamed the Greene Miramamoline of Morocco of the sect of the Almohades overcome by the Christians in a great battaill at the mountaines of Sierra Morena dispairing afterwards here of any good successe the estate of the Spanish Moores then being very small and irrecoverablely declining departing into Afrique and leaving Spaine to fortune in the yeares 1214 1228 they againe devided into the lesser kingdomes of Cordova Sevilla Valentia and Murcia for the rest of Spaine was before this time wholy cleared of them Those foure lesser kingdomes with the kingdome of the Ilands not long after being destroyed and taken in by Ferdinand the third king of Castille and Iames the first king of Aragon there remained vnto them only the city of Granado with the country about it part formerly of the kingdome of Cordova vnto which king Alhamar Cordova being surprised by Ferdinand remouing his royall seate in the yeare 1239 began the famous kingdome of Granado thorough the advantage strength of the mountainous situation thereof and the contempt neglect and discord of the Christians continuing for the space of 253 yeares afterwards vntill in the yeare 1492 after ten yeares war it was likewise conquered recovered by Ferdinand the fift king of Castille Arragon The Caliphs or Miramamolines of the Saracens commaunding here together with their Lieftenants follow Vlit of the house of Humeia descended from Zeineb one of the daughters of their Prophet Mahomet Monarch of the whole Nation of the Saracens and superstition of the Mahumetans vnder whom Spaine was first conquered by the Moores about the yeare of the Incarnation of Iesus Christ 714 and the 97 of the impostour Mahomet whose Deputies here were successiuely Muza and Abdalasisius son to Muza Their Empire here during the raigne of this Miramamoline extended ouer the whole Spaine the parts of Biscaia Asturia and Guipuscoa excepted Zuleiman brother to Vlit whose Lieftenant here was Alahor Homar and Izit joint Miramamolines sons to Vlit Izit sole Miramamoline Homar being deceased whose Lieftenants were Zama slaine in battaile before Tholouse in France Aza Ambiza Odra and Iahea Iscamus brother to Izit whose Spanish governours were Oddifa Himenus
second time He was againe deposed by Ioseph Aben-Almao Ioseph Aben-Almao Mahomet Aben-Azar restored and deposed the third time by Mahomet Aben-Ozmen Mahomet Aben-Ozmen deposed by Ismael Ismael Muley Albohacen son to Ismael driven out by his son Mahomet Boabdelin During the raigne hereof begun the warres of the Christians vnder Ferdinand the fift Isabel kings of Castille Aragon thorough the civill warres dissention hereof continuing for the space of ten yeares with happy successe and ending with the vtter expulsion of the Infidels Mahomet Boabdelin son to Muley Albohacen opposed during the Christian warres by his father afterwards he growing old and forsaken by his faction by his vncle Muley Boabdelin son to Ismael each one being acknowledged kings by their parties in the yere 1492 Granado surrendred Malaga Guadix Baça Almcria with other places belonging to his vncle being before recouered after ten yeares warre with the whole Mahumetane superstition driven over into Afrique by Ferdinand the fift and Elizabeth kings of Castille and Aragon During the vsurpation of the Moores out of the ruines for the most part of the vanquished Gothes arose as before certaine honourable Christian kingdomes estates of Leon Castille Navarra Aragon Portugal Barcelona in continuance of time the Infidels beaten home over-spreading this whole continent whose originall increase vnion and whole fortunes wee are now to relate THE BEGINNING PROGRESSE AND FORTVNES OF THE KINGDOME OF LEON THis Kingdome was begun in Asturia in the person of Pelagius descended from the auncient Gothish Monarches in the yeare 716 by the distressed remnants of the vanquished and flying Christians sheltering themselues in the mountaines hereof about two yeres after their great overthrow given by the Moores at the battaill neere Xeres de la Frontera It was first called the kingdome of Asturia After that the city of Leon was taken by Pelagius it tooke the name thereof Some would haue after that the towne of Oviedo was builded by king Froila that for certaine descents it did beare the name of that citie wherein I striue not much the name of Leon at length prevayling The parts of Spaine which at the beginning it contayned were the mountainous parts of Asturia now onely retayning the name hereof together with part of Galitia By the raigne of Ordonius the second the kingdome became enlarged over all Galitia Asturia Leon with the greatest part of Castillia la Veia being devided from Navarra by Monte D'oca and from the Moores by the Mountaines of Segovia Avila Castille revolting in the raigne of king Froila the second it became stinted Southwards with the riuer Pisuerga the common bounds hereof and of that countrie comprehending onely Galitia Asturia and Leon the ancient extent of the kingdome of Leon vntill its revnion with Castille Vpon the decease of Veremundus the third without issue slaine in battaill by Ferdinand the first king of Castille it became seazed vpon by that prince in right of his wife Sanctia sister to Veremundus added to his dominions family In the house of this Ferdinand it became twise againe severed from Castille in Alfonsus son hereof and in Ferdinand the second for some descents In Ferdinand the third son to Alfonsus the ninth Berengaria sister to Henry the first king of Castille the two kingdomes were lastly vnited incorporated into one entire state knowne by the name of the kingdome of Castille Leon. The kingdome was hereditary and where women for defect of heires male might succeed The princes vntill their last revnion with Castille were Pelagius descended of the Gothish Monarches the first founder as before we haue related of the kingdome created king in Asturia in the yeare 716. Favila son to Pelagius He died without issue Alfonsus the first surnamed the Catholique sonne in lawe to Pelagius Froila the first son to Alfonsus the first slaine by the treason of his brother Aurelius Aurelius brother to Froila the first He deceased without heires Silo his wife Adosinda sister to Aurelius Alfonsus the second surnamed the Chast son to Froila the first deposed by Mauregate thorough the power aide of Abderahmen the first king of the Spanish Moores Veremundus the first surnamed Deacon son to Bimaranus son or brother to Froila the first He admitted for companion in the kingdome Alfonsus the second depriued by Mauregate liuing then exiled in Biscaia Alfonsus the second sole king of Leon Veremundus deceasing Ramir the first son to Veremundus the first He overthrew the Moores in a great battaill at Clavigio vnder their king Abderahmen the second in the yeare 846. Ordonius the first son to Ramir the first Alfonsus the third son to Ordonius the first Garsias the first son to Alfonsus the third His yonger brother Ordonius was prince of Galitia the kingdome then being for a time devided Hee dyed without issue Ordonius prince of Galitia brother to Garcias the first after the decease hereof the second of the name king of Leon. In this princes time the kingdome of Leon contayned all Asturia Leon Galitia the greatest part of Castillia la Veia bounded vpon the East South by Monte D'oca the Mountaines of Segovia Avila from Navarra and the Moores and vpon the North and West extending vnto the Ocean He cruelly murthered all the Earles of Castille the occasion of the revolt not long after of that countrey Froila the second brother to Ordonius the second Formerly exasperated with the murther of their Earles by Ordonius the second and now encouraged by the slough many vices of this prince in the yeare 898 and raigne hereof the Castillians first revolted from vnder the gouernment of the kings of Leon became a free estate Alfonsus the fourth surnamed the Monke son to Ordonius the second injuriously prevented by king Froila the second Lazy vnfit to governe hee voluntarily resigned the kingdome to Ramir his yonger brother and turned Religious Ramir the second son to Ordonius the second and brother to Alfonsus the fourth Ordonius the third son to Ramir the second Sanctius surnamed the Grosse brother to Ordonius the second Ramir the third son to Sanctius the Grosse Veremundus the second son to Ordonius the third Alfonsus the fift son to Veremundus the second Veremundus the third son to Alfonsus the fift slaine in battaill by Ferdinand the first king of Castille Ferdinand the first king of Castille yonger son to Sanctius surnamed the Great king of Navarra after the decease of Veremundus the third without issue succeeding in the kingdome of Leon in right of his wife Sanctia sister to Veremundus He deceased in the yeare 1065. Alfonsus the sixt younger son to Ferdinand the first His elder brother Sanctius inherited the kingdome of Castille the two kingdomes being now againe devided Driven out by his brother Sanctius king of Castille hee liued for a time exiled amongst the Moores of Toledo After the decease of his brother without heires hee
name and accompt they at this day continue Henry the first king of Castile son to Alfonsus the eight He dyed without issue Ferdinand the third son to Alfonsus the ninth king of Leon and of Berengaria yonger sister to Henry the first deceased in right from his mother king of Castile Blanche elder sister to Berengaria then wife to Lewes son to Philip the French King refused His father deceasing hee succeeded likewise in the Kingdome of Leon. After this last vnion the two Kingdomes were neuer againe seuered incorporated into one entire state knowne now by the name of Castille Leon. He recouered from the Moores the countries of Andaluzia and Murcia contayning then the petty Kingdomes of Murcia and Sivillia with part of the Kingdome of Cordova In the raigne hereof and yeare 1239 began the famous kingdome of Granado by Mahomet Aben-Alhamar King of Cordova vpon the surprisall of that city by Ferdinand remouing hither his royall seate Alfonsus the tenth King of Castile and Leon son to Ferdinand the third He was that famous Astronomer whose workes are now extant with vs the framer of the Tables of Alfonsus named from him The German Electours diuided he was chosen by his factiō Emperour of the Romans against Richard Earle of Cornwall brother to Henry the third King of England detained notwithstanding at home during his whole raigne with civill warres against his vnnaturall son Sanctius much more happy in the loue of the Muses then of his subiects Sanctius the third king of Castile and Leon the rebellious son of Alfonsus the tenth Ferdinand the fourth son to Sanctius the third Alfonsus the eleauenth son to Ferdinand the fourth Peter the first son to Alfonsus the eleauenth He was driuen out for his cruelty and was restored againe by Edward named the Blacke Prince son to Edward the third king of England Destitute of the English succours not long after he lost both his kingdome life overcome and slaine by his brother Henry Henry the second brother to Peter the first and naturall son to Alfonsus the eleaventh Iohn the first king of Castille Leon son to Henry the second opposed by Iohn of Gaunt duke of Lancaster pretending the right of Constance his wife daughter to Peter the first In this prince by his marriage of D. Maria Diaz de Haro daughter and inheretresse to Don Lopez Diaz de Haro last prince of Biscaia and Guipuscoa these seigneuries were annexed to the crowne of Castille Comming to composition with Iohn duke of Lancaster hee marryed his sonne Henry vnto Catherine daughter to the other by agreement created vpon the marriage prince of Asturia which title occasioned from the English whose eldest sons are named princes of Wales hath ever since bin continued in the heires of Castille or Spaine Henry the third son to Iohn the first He married vnto Catherine daughter to Iohn of Gaunt duke of Lancaster Iohn the second son to Henry the third Henry the fourth son to Iohn the second He deceased without heires of his body Elizabeth queene of Castille Leon sister to Henry the fourth She married vnto Ferdinand the fift king of Aragon Sicily In the raigne hereof the countreyes of Granado Navarra the French Moores being expulsed became annexed to the house hereof and incorporated with Castille and the whole Spaine the kingdome of Portugall excepted vnited vnder one Monarch Naples likewise was then conquered from the French and the house of Ferdinand the bastard and the rich new-found world first discovered added to the dominion hereof Philip the first Arch-duke of Austria and Duke of Bungundie son to the Emperour Maximilian the first Mary Dutchesse of Burgundie king of Castille Leon in right of his wife Ioane eldest daughter to Ferdinand the fift and Elizabeth kings of Castille Aragon Philip deceasing and Ioane of Aragon his Queene in regard of her frenzy and indisposition being vnfit to governe Ferdinand the fift in the minority of Charles the fift reassumed againe the kingdome of Castille Charles the fift son to Philip the first and Ioane of Aragon after the decease of his grandfathers Maximilian the first Emperour and king Ferdinand the fift elected Emperour of the Romans and succeeding in the kingdomes of Castille Leon Aragon Naples Sicily Hierusalem and of the Indyes the Dukedomes of Austria Burgundy and the dominions of the low-countries He added vnto these in Italy the great Dukedome of Milan after the decease of Francis Sforcia without heires according to the composition made betwixt them and in the Netherlands the Provinces of Vtreicht Over-Ysel Zutphen Gelderland Wearyed with long sicknes and the burthen of so great an Empire he voluntarily surrendred all his estates vnto his younger brother Ferdinand and his son Philip the second cloistering himselfe vp in the monastery of S t Iustus in Estremadura where in a private fortune he dyed Philip the second son vnto the Emperour Charles the fift lord of all the kingdomes and possessions belonging to the house of Burgundy Spaine The German Empire and the dominions of Austria were left vnto his vncle Ferdinand Sebastian king of Portugal being slaine in Afrique by the Moores at the battaile of Alcacar and his vncle Cardinall Henry not long after surviuing by the great captain Don Ferdin̄d Alvares de Toledo in the yeare 1580 he cōquered that kingdome the first Monarch of Spaine since king Rodericus and the Gothes To giue a checke vnto this sudden and over-great prosperity the Low-countries in his time revolted eight of whose richest provinces Holland Zealand Vtreicht Over-Ysel Gelderland Zutphen West-Freisland Groninghen haue now by armes freed themselues from the Spanish yoake and subjection Philip the Third son to Philip the second succeeding in the dominions conquests of Spaine The Netherlands were assigned by his father vnto his sister Isabella marryed vnto Albert Arch-duke of Austria Philip the fourth son to Philip the third now king of Castille Spaine and of the many provinces subject to the great Empire hereof THE KINGDOME OF NAVARRA THe Kingdome hereof was first begun amongst the Pyrenean Mountaines in the parts whereabout now standeth the towne of Suprarbe by the Vascones the naturall inhabitants or rather by certaine remnants of the shipwrack'd and flying Christians in that great invndation of the Moores retreating amongst the safer rocks and shelters hereof The exact time when it begun is not set downe Onely thus much is agreed vpon that Garcias Ximinius the first king dyed in the yeare 758 some 42 yeares after the first erection of the kingdome of the Asturians or Leon. It was first entituled the kingdome of Suprarbe then the chiefe towne of those mountainous parts Afterwards it tooke the name of Navarra most probably vnder Innicus Garcias at what time first descending from the mountaines where the former kings had kept themselues immur'd they tooke in Pampelona and the plaine countrey from the Moores By the raigne of Sanctius the Great
beasts wherewith it is infested These two together are called the Pityusae by Strabo from the multitude of Pine trees there growing About them lye Moncolibre Dragonera other lesser Ilands for the most part vninhabited and not worth relation VVITHOVT THE STRAIGHTS CADIZ THe Iland is situated neere vnto the mouth of the riuer Guadalquivir distant about 700 paces from the maine Land of Andaluzia ioyned thereunto with a bridge called Puente de Suaço The Land is fruitfull enriched besides with fishing and making of Salt and by meanes of the West-Indian traffique the bay thereof serving as a roade for the fleetes and ships passing betwixt Sivilla and that Continent Cadiz is the onely towne Gades of Pliny and Strabo Gadira of Ptolemy founded by the Tyrians becomming afterwards a famous municipium of the Romans and one of their foure iuridicall resorts for the Province of Baetica divided in the time of Strabo into the old and new townes the latter of them hauing beene then lately built by Cornelius Balbus seated in the Westerne part of the Iland It is now a Bishops See and a rich and noted port Here some of the auncients haue put the Pillars of Hercules whose opinion is reiected by Strabo in his third booke who would rather haue them to haue beene placed at the mouth of the Straights either with Pliny where were the hils Calpe and Abila or otherwise in two little Ilands neighbouring to those two hills the Columnes then being worne away through antiquity and the places retaining only the accompt and names hereof Other Ilands appertaining to the Continent of Spaine and situated without the Straights in the maine Ocean are Berlinga against Portugal betwixt the falls of the riuers Taio and Mondego those of Baiona lying against that Towne and Galitia and Zaziga with others before the towne of Corunna conjectured by L. Nonius to be the Cassiterides of Strabo THE EIGHT BOOKE COntayning the present bounds situation and quality of the countrey of France The Inhabitants The victorie and great renowne of the auncient Gaules and Frenchmen A description of the moderne French manners Their Languages and Religion Their Bishops The reuenues of the Cleargie The maner of the ciuill gouernment The Courts of Parliament Bailliages and Seneschausses The King His maner of Succession The Salique Law The title of most Christian King His dominion and revenues The countreys or greater divisions of France FRANCE NAmed thus from the victorious and renowned nation of the Frenchmen It is bounded vpon the South with the Sea Mediterranean vpon the West and South-west with the Westerne or Aquitanique Ocean and the Pyrenaean Mountaines from Spaine vpon the North with the English channell vpon the East North-East first with Alpes from Italy then with a line drawn from thence on the hither side of the Rhijn vnto the town of Calis dividing it from the Low-countries and Germany The greatest length hereof is 660 Italian miles or 330 French The breadth 570 the circumference or compasse 2040 of the same miles It is situated betwixt the 20 and 38 degrees of longitude and the 41½ and 52 degrees of Northerne latitude or betwixt the 13 or middle paralel of the 5 clime where the longest day hath 15 houres the 19 or middle paralel of the 8 clime where the same contayneth 16 houres and an halfe The Ayre in regard thereof is very temperate and pleasing not so hot and scorching as Spaine before described nor so cold raw as are the more Northerne parts The countrey is no lesse pleasant then fruitfull stored with all varieties whether for necessity or ornament sporting and prodigall nature can afford plaine for the most part and numerously inhabited not encombred with so many desert and fruitles wasts of woods marishes and mountaines ordinarie to neighbouring regions not vndeservedly accompted the Garden and Paradise of Europe The chiefer commodities sent out from hence are corne wines with the former whereof the wants that way of Spaine are abundantly supplied with the other those of England and more Northerne countries It yeeldeth such plenty of salt as which might seem sufficient to store all Europe a no small part of the riches of the kingdome It likewise bringeth forth great abundance of oliues figs and other sorts of most delicious fruites proper to hotter countries in the Southerne parts where lie Provence Languedoc The more auncient inhabitants were the Gaules renowned in times past for their many great and famous victories atcheived thorough the world From these the warlike nations of the Celtiberi Lusitani and Astures in Spaine were descended These vnder their captaine Segovesus victoriously raunged over all Germany from whom haue sprung the Bohemians and Bavarians with other people of that continent from whence most probably continuing their conquests as far as Scythia they there founded the Celtoscythae These vnder Bellovesus brother to Segovesus about the same time passing ouer the Alpes conquered the next part of Italy vnto them called afterwards from hence Gaule Cisalpina After this by Brennus they tooke and sacked Rome Afterwards by Belgius and another Brennus with vnresistable might they rāsacked Illyricum Pannony Greece Thrace from whence vnder Lomnorius and Lutorius ferrying over the Hellespont they subdued the whole Asia lying on this side of the Mountaine Taurus which together with the neighbouring countrey of Syria they a long time held vnder their tribute seating about the riuer Halys and occasioning there the name of the Gallo-Greekes or Galatae The first who conquered this victorious nation and made them subject to forreine lawes to let passe their private differences with Ariovistus and the Germans were the Romans as in part by former captaines so totally by C Iulius Caesar immediately before his civill wars with Pompey In the raigne of the Emperour Gratian came first hither the Britons from the iland of great Bretaigne placed in Gaule Armorique by the Tyrant Maximus rebelling against Gratian from whom that part hath since beene named Bretaigne Not long after in the raigne of the Emperour Honorius the Burgundians were received in intruding amonst the Hedui Sequani then the Visigots to whom Gaule Narbonensis was allotted Shortly after in the raigne of the third Valentian the Franci or Frenchmen breake in who the Romans beaten out and the other barbarians subdued in a short time make themselues masters of the whole province giving the name of France therevnto Since the French conquest and monarchy the Vascones a Spanish people after Pasquier in the time of king Dagobert the first or as in Chesne in the raigne of Guntran king of Orleans breaking forth of the Pyrenaean mountaines here seazed vpon that part of Aquitania which since from thence hath bin called Gascoigne Afterwards in the raigne of Charles the Simple the Normans by force composition got possession of the countrey called Neustria named since from these Normandy The whole inhabitants by meanes of their
t Eutropius of Saintes S t Lucian of Beauvois S t Taurinus of Eureux and S t Nicasius of Roan appointed by S t Clement Bishop of Rome successour to S t Peter That a Church here flourished during those first times amidst streames of blood tortures and persecution besides other testimonies might witnesse the dolefull letter of the distressed Christians of Vienna and Lyon sent vnto the Churches of Asia and Phrygia about the yeare 179 and raigne of the Emperour M. Aurelius Antoninus Philosophus mentioned by Eusebius in his 5 booke and 1 chapter In the raigne of the Emperour Constantine the Great Gentilisme abolished Religion was here as thorough the whole Romane Empire publikely professed and authorized exauthorized shortly after by Constantius and Iulianus and re-established againe by Iovianus and the succeeding Catholique Romane Emperours of the West Towardes the expiration of the Westerne Romane Empire swarme in hither the barbarous Northerne nations in the raigne of the Emperours Honorius and Valentinian the third by whom Religion is againe eclypsed Of these the Burgundians a more ciuill people then the rest were Christians and Catholiques before their comming hither The Gothes were Arrians in which heresie they persisted vntill the raigne of Reccaredus Monarch of Spaine and the third Councell of Toledo in the yeare 588 at what time they first became Catholiques The Frenchmen at their first entrance were Gentiles Vnder Clovys or Clodoveus their fift king from Pharamond after their great victory obtayned against the Almans at Zulp or Tolbiacum they first embraced the Christian Faith wherein with great constancy and zeale they haue perseuered vnto our times thorough their many and great Conquests and victories enlarging afterwards as their Empire so the bounds of Christianity ouer the whole Gaule or France and the better part of Germany with other neighbouring countreyes of Europe corrupted not long afterwards by Popish impostures and made subject to the common errours and misfortunes of the Westerne Churches The first here who openly durst make head against the abuses tyranny of the See of Rome were the Waldenses named thus from one Peter Waldus a citizen of Lyon their chiefe and called otherwise the Poore men of Lyon in regard of their poverty and exile which hapned about the yeare 1160 and raigne of Lewis the seauenth French King The Waldenses ouerborne and scattered by the power and greatnes of the Papacy hidvered vnder the ashes for a time after certaine yeares broke out againe vnder an other name of the Albigenses called thus from the towne of Alby in Languedoc where they first made open profession spreading their opinions ouer the most part of Languedoc and the Southerne French Provinces and maintaining their cause by force of armes for about the space of 50 yeares during the raignes of Philip Augustus and of Lewis the eight and S. Lewis or Lewis the ninth favoured and maintained amongst other of the French nobility of the Earles by Tholouse Foix Cominges and Beziers and assisted by Peter the second King of Aragon slaine in their quarrell at the battaile of Muret after long oppression misery and warre lastly worne out in the raigne of S t Lewis or forced to retire amongst Mountaines and more difficult places of accesse where in Daulphinye Savoy but more notably in Provence we find a continuall succession of them certaine remainders whereof were those miserable people of Merindol and Chabrieres cruelly slaine and massacred in the raigne of King Francis the first Some pretended positions of theirs are set downe by b Sieur du Haillan in Philip Augustus and Mariana in his 12 booke and 1 chapter for the most part monstrous false and most suppositious after the Popish manner maliciously fained to disgrace their cause and the Orthodoxe Religion What more vnpartially and truely they were see the confession of the Waldenses in Balth Lydius and Ioachimus Camerarius Those Reformed covered afterwards vnder the more odious names of the Lutherans Calvinists and Hugonots and consenting with them in doctrine and opinion no lesse persecution afflicts then before during the whole raignes of Francis the first before mentioned Henry the second In the raigne of the next succeeding Prince Francis the second the number of the Protestants daylie encreasing begin first those bloodie ciuill warres for Religion After the troublesome vnfortunate raigns of three brethren kings Francis the second Charles the ninth and Henry the third infinite battailes and conflicts fought the takings and sackings of towns and cities on both sides the slaughters and killings of Princes and heads of both factions many treaties and peaces made and the same still broken by the happy procurement of the late King Henry the fourth a lasting and firme peace is at length granted hereunto which since his decease his Queene Mary de Medices Regent of France and not without some quarrels and bickerings in the meane time his sonne Lewis the thirteenth more lately haue confirmed Their are then two different names of religions now openly professed and allowed in this kingdome that of the Papists adhering to the sea of Rome and the Reformed or Calvinisme Of the Popish sect is still the king for so their stronger side constrayneth him most of his Nobilitie Councelours and Officers of estate with the greatest part of the common people The doctrine of the Protestants differeth not from that of the Church of England Their order discipline is such which the condition of their state poore afflicted rather tolerated then allowed without Bishops Tithes almost Churches detayned by the Papists hath necessarily enforced them vnto The Ecclesiasticall dignities are all still held by the Popish Cleargie Of these are reckoned 15 Arch-bishopricks 109 Bishopricks 540 Monasteries or Abbeyes 27400 Pastorall Cures after the number of their Parishes accompting but one parish for every city besides chappels and infinite other religious places Their Bishops and Arch-bishops follow Vnder Lions the Primate of the kingdome the Bishops of Austun Langres Chaalon vpon the Soasne Mascon vnder Rheims Chalon vpō the Marne Laon Soissons Cambray Tournay Arras Boulogne Amiens Noion Senlis Beauvois vnder Roan Sais Aurenches Constances Bayeux Lyseux Eureux vnder Sens Paris Chartres Orleans Auxerre Meaux Nevers Troy vnder Tours Mans Angiers Renes Nantes Cournovaille Vannes Leon Triguier Dol S t Malo S. Brieu vnder Bourdeaux Sainctes Poictiers Lusson Mailesais Perigueux Sarlat Condom and Agen vnder Bourges Mende Castres le Puy en Velay Rodes Vabres Cahors vnder Tholouse Montaubon Rieux Mirepoix Vaur Lombez S. Papoul and Apamies vnder Narbonne Carcassone Besiers Agde Lodesve Nismes Montpelier Vzez Eaule Aleth and S. Pont de Tonieres vnder Aux Cominges or S Bernard Coserans Lactoure Tarbe Aire Basatz D'ax Baione Lescar and Oleron vnder Aix Ries Apt Gap Cisteron and Feriuls vnder Ambrun Digne Senez Clandeve la Grace S. Paule de Vences and Nice vnder Vienne Geneve Grenoble Maurienne
succeeding in the kingdome of Burgundy dividing it betwixt theÌ„ the Mountain Iour bounding and severing their portions They also both dyed without heires or lawfull in whom ended the house of the Emperour Lotharius eldest son to the Emperour Lewis the Godly Charles surnamed the Bauld Emperour of the Romans â—ing of West-France vncle to Charles Lewis Lotharius the second brother to the Emperour Lotharius Vnder this prince this first French kingdome of Burgundy tooke end being added as a province to West-France parted by him into three divisions or governments of Burgundy on this side of the river of Soasne Of Burgundy beyond the Soasne and of Burgundy beyond the Iour contayning together and occasioning not long after the Dukedome of Burgundy on this side of the Soasne with the Earledomes of Lyon and Mascon the Dukedomes of Burgundy beyond the Iour and the kingdome of Arles or Burgundy whose beginnings and after fortunes follow The Dukedome of Burgundy on this side the Soasne THis was part of the devision of Burgundy on this side the Soasne subdevided by the Emperour Charles the Bauld into 5 lesser Cantons the Counties of Dijon Austun Chalon Mascon Lyon governed a part by their Earles not then hereditary and but such Magistrates of the Kings of West-France so named The estate was begun in the person of Theodoric Counte of Authun vnto whom Eudo King of France having given the Counties of Dijon Chalon vnited all three into one entier Dukedome from the first possession of this prince entitl'd then of Austun shortly after by Richard his son who succeeded him named of Burgundy The heires of this princely house haue in continuance of time got seazed of the many provinces of the Low-countries by the Emperour Charles the fift revnited with Germany making the tenth circle of the Empire called from hence the circle of Burgundy The Dukedome notwithstanding their first patrimony still held vnder the fief of the French Kings was in the raigne of Mary wrested from them and vnited to the Crowne of France by king Lewis the eleaventh nothing now hereof remayning vnto them but the title The princes follow Theodoric before mentioned the first Duke in the raigne of Eudo king of France He was stiled only Duke of Authun Richard son to Theodoric He first tooke vpon him the title of Duke of Burgundy Rodulph son to Richard Becomming afterwards Duke of Burgundy Transiuraine hee left this Dukedome vnto his younger brother Hugh surnamed the Black Hugh surnamed the Blacke brother to Rodulph the last Duke of Burgundy of the house of Theodoric Duke of Austun succeeded vnto by the house of Aniou and the brethren of Hugh Capet king of France by composition agreement made herewith forced by that potent family Otho the first Duke of Burgundy younger brother to Hugh Capet the vsurping King of France Eudo the first brother to Otho the first Henry the first brother the Otho Eudo the first They all three died without heires Robert the first King of France sonne to Hugh Capet Duke of Burgundy by the greater swey of that familie kingdome Otho Guillaume first Earle of Burgundy being excluded to whom the Dukedome had beene assigned by Duke Henry the first son to his wife Gerberge Robert the second eldest son to Robert the first French King His younger brother Henry succeeded in the kingdome of France Hugh the second son to Henry son to Robert the second Hee became Monke of Cluny resigning his temporall estates vnto his brother Otho Otho the second brother to Hugh the second He founded the famous Monasterie of Cisteaux Hugh the third son to Otho the second Otho the third son to Hugh the third Hugh the fourth son to Otho the third He deceased in the Holy Land left commaunder there of the army of Philip Augustus French King against Saladin the Infidels after the returne of that prince towards France Otho the fourth son to Hugh the fourth Hugh the fift son to Otho the fourth Robert the third son to Hugh the fift Hugh the sixt son to Robert the third He dyed vnmarryed Eudo the second brother to Hugh the sixt and son to Robert the third Philip the first son to Philip son to Eudo the second He deceased sans issue the last Duke of Burgundy of the house or name of Capet succeeded vnto by the house or name of Valois Iohn French king sonne to Philip de Valois French King and to Ioane of Burgundy daughter to Robert the third and sister to Hugh the sixt Eudo the third succeeding in the Dukedome of Burgundy in the yeare 1361. Philip the second surnamed the Hardy younger son to Iohn French King Duke of Burgundy Hee married vnto Margaret daughter to Lewis Malan Earle of Flanders heire of the houses of Flanders the Free County of Burgundy Artois Nevers Rethel Brabant Limburg by meanes whereof they all became vnited in the family of Burgundy Iohn the second son to Philip the Hardy slaine by Charles Daulphin of Vienne the occasion of the bloody civill wars in France betwixt the houses of Burgundy Orleans Philip the second surnamed the Good son to Iohn the second As thâ— next heire of that house after Iaqueline before mentioned he became Earle of Hainault Holland and Zealandt and Lord of West-Freislandt transmitted to his posterity He also added to his house the Dukedome of Luxemburg bought of Elizabeth the last Duchesse thereof and the Earledome of Namur purchased of Theodore the last Earle Charles surnamed the Fighter son to Philip the Good slaine in battail before Nancy in Lorraine by the Switzers and Lorrainers Mary Duchesse of Burgundy daughter to Charles the Fighter Shee lost this countrey vnto Lewis the eleaventh French King ever since incorporated with France retayning only the title left vnto her Successours Shee married vnto Maximilian the first Arch-duke of Austria afterwards Emperour of the Romans the last princesse of the house or name of Valois Philip the third son to Maximiliam the first Archduke of Austria and Emperour of the Romans and to Mary de Valois aforesaid succeeding in the provinces estates of the Netherlands and in the title of Duke of Burgundy Hee marryed vnto Ioane eldest daughter vnto Ferdinand the fift Elizabeth Kings of Spaine Charles the second of the name Duke of Burgundy the fift of the name Emperour of the Romans son to Philip the third Duke of Burgundy and to Ioane of Spaine heire of the three houses of Burgundy Spaine Austria He added to the dominions of Burgundy in the Low Countries the countryes of Gelderland Zutphen Vtreicht Over-Ysel and Groningen Philip the second of that name king of Spaine and the fourth of the name Duke of Burgundy In the raigne of this prince the provinces of Holland Zealandt Vtreicht Over-Ysel Gelderlandt Zutphen West-Freisland Groningen part of the dominions of Burgundy revolted from vnder the government of their princes knowne now by
great plentie of cattell sent over the kingdome It affordeth likewise mines of yron Chiefer townes are Chasteau-roux vpon the riuer Indre Chatres vpon the Indre nere Limousin Chasteau-Meillant Argenton vpon the riuer Creuse Issoudun vpon the riuer Theo. Viarron or Viarzon most pleasantly seated amongst woods vines and rivers neere vnto the meetings of the riuers Arnon Cher Theo and Eure. Mehun vpon the riuer Yeure Bourges Avaricum of Caesar Varicum of Ptolemie and civitas Biturigum of Antoninus an Arch-bishops sea Bailliage Seige Presidiall and a noted Vniversitie more especially for the civil laws founded by king Lewis is the Ninth perfected by Charles Duke of Berry brother to Lewis the Eleaventh the chiefe towne of the country situated in a low flat amongst deepe impassible bogs and marishes and the rivers of Yeure Auron Aurette and Molon The citty is large rich and of great state strong in regard of its situation and artificial meanes of fortification a sure fastnesse and the best hold of king Charles the seaventh in his hard warres against the English Dun-le-roy vpon the riuer Auron Mont-Faulcon Sancerre a strong towne situated vpon the top of an high hill vnder the which runneth the riuer Loire memorable in the late ciuill warres for a desperate and long siege holding for the Protestants in the raigne of Charles the ninth Concressaut vpon the river Sauldre The castle hereof is very strong and magnificently built Berry anciently were the Bituriges of Caesar the Bituriges Cubi of Strabo Plinie and Ptolemie the Biturices of Antoninus BOVRBONOIS HAving vpon the West Berry vpon the North Nivernois vpon the East the Dukedome of Burgundie and vpon the South Auvergne Townes here of better note are Moulins the Bailliage and the chiefe of the country vpon the riuer Allier esteemed the center or middle of France Bourbon l' Archambaud naming the country seated vpon the Loire in a deepe hollow bottome surrounded with hils in regard of the hot medicinable bathes thereof much resorted vnto from all the parts of France Bourbonois were the Boij of Plinie following out of Germany the Helvetians in their warres against the Romanes and after their overthrow planted by Caesar in these parts belonging then to the Hedui at the request hereof FOREST BOunded with Bourbonois vpon the North vpon the West with Auvergne vpon the South with Velay part of Languedoc and vpon the East with Beau-iolois The country is large and populous but not so fruitfull hilly and mountainous covered with shady woods chiefly of firres Chiefer townes here are Feurs Forum Segusianorum of Ptolemy situated vpon the Loire and giuing the name to the country Mombrison the chiefe towne seated vpon the same riuer S. Gaulmier S. Estienne de Furian vpon the Loire neerer to the head thereof Forest more anciently were the Segutiani of Caesar the Segusiani of Strabo and Ptolemy the Secusiani of Plinie clients in the time of Caesar to the Hedui BEAVIOLOIS LYing betwixt Forest and Lionois named thus from the castle of Beauiou pleasantly seated as the name importeth vpon the brow of a rising mountaine the onely place here of note Beau-jolois and Forest are by Merula accompted within Bourbonois by Chesne in Lionois They belong to the resort or Seneschaussee of Lions LIONOIS HAving Beau-iolois Forest Auvergne vpon the West vpon the North Charrolois vpon the East la Bresse part sometimes of Savoy and vpon the South Daulphinie and Languedoc The country is plaine and very fruitfull and pleasant Chiefer townes are Mascon Castrum Matisconense of Antoninus a Bishops sea giving the name to the part of the country called from hence le pais Masconnois situated vpon the Soasne Lyon Lugdunum of Caesar Strabo Pliny and Ptolemy and civitas Lugdunensis of Antoninus in his catalogue of the citties and provinces of Gaule then a famous Romance colony naming the province Lugdunensis founded by L. Munatius Plancus governour of the Province now an Arch-bishops sea a Seneschaussee seated at the confluence of the rivers Soasne and the Rhosne It hath alwaies held the second place amongst the citties of Gaule and France through its commodious situation vpon the Rhosne Soasne and neighbourhood to the Dutch and Italians become at this day the most populous rich and flourishing Empory of the kingdome beautified with faire and stately buildings and honoured with an ancient Vniversitie for the Canon and Civill lawes Lionois was anciently part of the Hedui after Ptolemie otherwise of the Segusiani according to Strabo Plinie clients to the Hedui AVVERGNE HAving vpon the East Forrest and Lionois vpon the North Berry and Bourbonois vpon the West Limousin Perigort and Quercy and vpon the South Velay and Gevaudan parts of Languedoc It is divided into the Lower Auvergne or Limaigne and the Higher Auvergne Limaigne or the Lower Auvergne is extraordinarily fruitfull and happy The other is wholy mountainous dry rockie and barren Chiefer townes in Limaigne are Mont-Pensier whereof are named the Dukes of Mont-Pensier Rions the Seneschaussee of Limaigne Mont-Ferrant Clermont a Bishops sea and the chiefe towne situated amongst brooks rivulets descending from the neighbouring mountaines of the Higher Auvergne At Gergoie a neighbouring village sometimes stood the citty Gergovia of Caesar and Strabo civitas Arvernorum of Antoninus In the Higher Auvergne S. Flour a Bishops sea and the chiefe towne of the division seated vpon the top of a steepe and high rocke Aurillac a Seneschaussee vpon the river Iourdain defended with a strong Castle standing vpon an high rocke Beauregarde another Seneschaussee vpon the river Gardon Limaigne or the Seneschaussee of Rions is of the resort of the Parliament of Paris The Seneschaussees of the Higher Auvergne belong to the Parliament of Bourdeaux The more remarkeable mountainous tops of the Higher Auvergne are le Poye de Dome not farre from Clermont yeelding plenty of most excellent medicinable Simples Les Montaignes de Cantal in regard of their height couered all the yeare long with snowe Le Mont de Come shaded with woods and trees and affording good pasturages and Le Mont d' Or the mother of the great riuer Dordonne and of sundry medicinable bathes both of hot and cold waters much resorted vnto from all parts by sicke diseased persons Both the Auvergnes with Nivernois were the Arverni of Livie Caesar Ptolemie Strabo Plinie and Antoninus THE PARLIAMENT OF BOVRDEAVX COntaining the countries of Limousin Perigort and Guienne with Albret Agennois and Condommois parts of Gascoigne LIMOVSIN BOunded vpon the South South-East with Bourbonois vpon the North and North East with Berry vpon the North-West with Poictou and vpon the West and South-West with Perigort The country is hilly mountainous healthie inioying a free and pure ayre but not so fruitfull The inhabitants are a sober and wise people painefull frugall and very moderate in their diet vnlesse for bread whereof they are such
of Imperiall townes Dukedomes Earledomes and pettie Baronies The estates of chiefer note partly arising out of those ruines and partly before this maine dissolution divided and cut off from the great body hereof were the Dukedome of Zeringen the Earledomes of Habspurg Pfirt Friburg and Elsass the Marquisate of Baden the Dukedome of Wirtenberg and the Palatinate of the Rhijn whereof part are at this day extinguished and not in being part yet remaine of which in the next place THE DVKEDOME OF ZERINGEN This took the name from a Castle thus called whose ruines are yet seen nere vnto the towne of Friburg in Brisgow The Princes thus named were sometimes Lords of Brisgow with a great part of moderne Zwitzerlandt Of these we finde much mention in the Dutch and French Antiquaries but obscure and confused The last Duke of Zeringen was Berchtold a name affected by this familie deceasing in the yeare 1218 vpon the birth-day of the Emperour Rodulph the first What became of the possessions hereof it will appeare afterwards THE EARLEDOME OF HABSPVRG This was so called from a Castle of this name standing sometimes vpon the river Aar in Argow in Switzerlandt now ruinated It contained Argow or the greatest part thereof The Princes hereof after Gerard de Roo were first named Earles of Altemburg or of Argow the first of whom whereof there is any certaine mention was one Guntram living about the yeare 950. It was after that this Castle was builded that they were entitl'd Earles of Habspurg From Guntram they were continued as followeth Betzelinus Earle of Altemburg sonne to Guntram Rapato sonne to Betzelinus conjectured by Gerard de Roo to haue first founded the castle of Habspurg and to haue taken vpon him the title of Earle of Habspurg Warnerus the first Earle of Habspurg sonne to Rapato Otho son to Warnerus the first Warnerus the second son to Otho Albert the first sonne to Warnerus the second Rodulph the first son to Albert the first Albert the second son to Rodulph the first He laid to the possessions of the house of Habspurg the Vpper Elsatz Rodulph the second son to Albert the second created afterwards Roman Emperour by the name of Rodulph the first Falling at odds with Ottocarus king of Bohemia he tooke from him the countries of Austria Steirmarck Karnten and Krain with other neighbouring peeces which he then lately had got seazed of since possessed by this familie the first raiser of the house of Habspurg since named of Austria the most numerous great and potent of Europe at this day branching over the most part of the princely houses of Christendome whereof more eminently amongst others are the German Emperours and the Kings of Spaine THE EARLEDOME OR ADVOCATESHIP OF FRIBVRG This comprehendeth Brisgow named thus from the towne of Friburg the cheife of the country The Princes hereof succeeded vnto the Dukes of Zeringen but by what meanes and who was the first it is vncertaine Eggon the last Earle or Advocate of Friburg turmoiled with civill warres of his rebellious subiects sold his whole right and interest hereof for 12000 Ducats to Albert and Leopold Archdukes of Austria and sonnes to Albert the Short whose successours of the house of Austria are now Lords hereof THE DVKEDOME OF PFIRT THis contained Sungow was named thus from the towne of Pfirt yet standing herein When this Earledome began we finde not Vlric the last Earle deceasing without heire male the estate became seazed by Albert surnamed the Short Archduke of Austria in right of his wife Ioane daughter herevnto Vrsula the other sister being compounded with for her part for the summe of 8000 crownes By this meanes the Princes of the house of Austria vnto this day haue continued in the possession hereof THE DVKEDOME OF WIRTENBERG THis was first a petty Earledome containing only the Castle of Wirtenberg standing now not farre from the towne of Stutgard the Neccar with some little portion of country about it occasioning the name It encreased to its present greatnes through the addition of sundry neighbouring states accruing to the princes hereof by marriages purchase and armes and their ancient names abolished vniting into this common These were after Crusius the Dukedome of Teck whereof the princes are yet entitled and of Vrslingen Schiltach the Earledomes of Calb Tubingen Gryningen Vrach Achellen Vahingen Herrenbergen and Aspergen together with the Baronnyes of Niffen Winspergen Hohen-stauffen Ebenspachen and Helfenstein Birtius addeth Zabergow Kreichgow and Zolleren The Princes follow Conrade the first which we can finde of the Earles of Wirtenberg descended from the ancient Barous of Beutelspach and living about the yeare 1100 in the raigne of the Emperour Henry the fourth Vlric the first sonne to Conrade Iohn son to Vlric the first Lewis son to Iohn Henry son to Lewis Eberhard son to Henry Vlric son to Eberhard Eberhard and Vlric sons to Vlric Vlric and Henry sons to Eberhard Eberhard and Vlricke sons to Vlric Vlrick son to Eberhard Eberhard son to Vlrick Eberhard son to Eberhard This Prince having marryed Henrica daughter to Henry Earle of Mompelgard augmented his house with that Earledome Lewis and Vlric sons to Eberhard Eberhard son to Lewis first Duke of Wirtenberg created by the Emperour Maximilian the first He founded the Vniversity of Tubingen He dyed without surviving lawfull heires Eberhard and Henry sons to Vlric brother to Lewis father to Eberhard the first Duke Vlric son to Henry expulsed by the confederate states of the Suevian League his Dukedome by the Emperour Charles the Fift being given to his brother Ferdinand Archduke of Austria restored againe by the armes of Philip Lantgraue of Hessen His younger brother George succeeded in the Earledome of Mompelgard Christopher son to Vlric Lewis son to Christopher He deceased without issue Fredericke son to George Earle of Mompelgard brother to Vlric the house or succession of Vlric being extinguished in Lewis succeeding in the Dukedome Iohn-Fredericke son to Fredericke now Duke of Wirtenberg THE PALATINATE OF THE RHIIN COncerning this state see France THE MARQVISATE OF BADEN THe estate was occasioned by the Emperour Otho the third ordaining in this frontire against the Frenchmen a Limenarch or Marquesse in continuance of time becomming haereditary and named thus of the towne of Baden his seat or residence The first Marquesse after Irenicus was one Herman liuing about the yeare 1120. agreeing with the time of the Emperour Henry the fift more probably the first who deriued this title and honour to his issue and succession Others more distinctly place this Herman in the yeare 1155 and in the raigne of Fredericke Barbarossa created Marquesse by this Emperour The Princes continuing the house follow Herman the first before mentioned Marquesse of Verona created Marquesse of the Empire by the Emperour Fredericke the first He is said to haue maried Imutha daughter to a former Earle of Baden From the towne of Baden their first seat the Princes
gouernment and withdrawing their service and ayde too eager revengers of his childish and weake raigne Henry the sixt irrecoverably France through the faction of the house of Yorke abusing the people with pretenses for their private ends and lastly challenging the Kingdome and turning our conquering swords into our owne bosomes The Land is divided into Shires Hundreds which are the divisions of Shires and are in some places otherwise called Weapontakes and Lathes and Tithings the divisions of Hundreds King Alfred was the Author of these divisions as likewise of the name and office of the Vice-Comites or Sheriffs ordained for the more peaceable gouernment of the Countrey and the more easie restraint of theeues and robbers much encreasing then through the occasion of the Danish warres The word Shire signifieth with the auncient Saxons a part or division as doth the word Share with the present English What number hereof were first instituted by Alfred we finde not Malmesburiensis accompteth 32 of them in the raigne of Etheldred Monarch of the English-Saxons succeeding not long after Kent Essex Middlesex Surrey Sussex Hantshire Dorsetshire Wiltshire Somersetshire Devonshire Cornwall Hartfordshire Oxfordshire Buckinghamshire Barkeshire Glocestershire Suffolke Norfolke Northamptonshire Huntingdonshire Bedfordshire Cambridgeshire Warwickshire Leicestershire Staffordshire Worcestershire Shropshire Herefordshire Lincolneshire Nottinghamshire Darbyshire and Cheshire Doomesday Booke addeth Yorkeshire in the raigne of William the Conquerour Afterwards were added Lancashire and the Bishoprick of Durham most probably sometimes parts of Yorkeshire and Cumberland Westmoreland and Northumberland beyond the Tine the part now onely retaining the name of the ancient Kingdome thus called after their revnion to the English Crowne formerly possessed by the Scots The last were the 13 Welsh Shires added by Edward the first and Henry the eight Their whole number are at this present 52 in both Countreyes of England and Wales 1 Surrey Kent Sussex Hantshire Barkeshire Wiltshire Somersetshire Dorsetshire Devonshire and Cornewall lying vpon the South of the riuer Thames along the shore of the English Channel 2 Glocestershire Oxfordshire Buckinghamshire Middlesex Essex Hartfordshire Norfolke Suffolke Cambridgeshire Huntingdonshire Bedfordshire Northamptonshire Rutlandshire Warwickeshire Worcestershire Herefordshire Shropshire Cheshire Staffordshire Darbyshire Nottinghamshire Lei-cestershire and Lincolneshire containing the middle part of the Kingdome and included within the riuers Thames Trent Merseye Dee and Wye Humber Offaes Ditch and the German Ocean 3 Yorkeshire the Bishopricke of Durham Northumberland Cumberland Westmoreland and Lancashire the parts vpon the North of Humber Trent and Mersey 4. and Monmouthshire Glamorganshire Radnorshire Brecknockeshire Cardiganshire Caermarthenshire Penbrokshire Montgomeryshire Merionethshire Denbighshire Flintshire Caernarvonshire and the I le of Anglesey containing Wales or the westerne parts within the Dee VVye and the sea of Severne Their descriptions follow after that I haue first related the auncient estate of the Country with the many chaunges and successions of people and Kingdomes in their turnes comming vpon the stage hereof and occasioning the present names state and divisions THE SECOND BOOKE COntayning the Description of the more great and famous Mountaines and Rivers of Great Britaine The more noted Creekes and Promontories Their ancient and present names The Etymologyes and names of Britaine and Albion The ancient limits and extent of Britaine The first Inhabitants The conquest of the more Southerne part by the Romans The estate and description of Britaine during the Roman government out of Tacitus Dion Ptolemye Antoninus and the Authour of the Notitia with others The period and conclusion of the Roman Empire in Britaine The estate and kingdome of the Britons after the departure of the Romans The estate hereof after Cadwallader and the conclusion of the Brittish Monarchie The originall and history of the Cornish VVesh and Britons of Cumberland Their Conquests by the Saxons and Normans and vnion into the kingdome and name of England The history of the Scots and Picts The Conquest of the Picts by the Scots and Vnion of the Northerne part of the Iland into the name and kingdome of Scotland The invasion of the Germans or Dutch The Iutes Saxons and English The Saxon or English Heptarchye The originall and fortunes of the kingdomes of Kent the South-Saxons VVest-Saxons East-Saxons East-Angles Mercia and Northumberland The vnion of the rest into the Monarchie of the VVest-Saxons The originall of the name and kingdome of England The kingdome of England 1 vnder the VVest-Saxons 2 vnder the Danes 3 and vnder the Normans The vnion of the blood and rights of the Saxons or English Scots and Normans and of the whole Great Britaine vnder one Prince in Iames our late Soveraigne of happie memorye The present estate of the Iland occasioned through so manie mutations The kingdomes of England and Scotland The names and Etymologie of the Shires of England THE MOVNTAINES OF GREAT BRITAINE THE bounders or land-markes whereof I shall haue occasion to make vse in the discourse following are the Mountaines and Riuers hereof with the more noted Promontories and Creekes of the Ocean whereinto the Rivers are disburdened The onely Mountaine noted by ancient authours was Grampius Mons mentioned by Tacitus containing now Braid-Albin with other hilly regions beyond the Frith of Dunbriton in Scotland The woods sometimes covering this Mountainous tract were named Saltus Caledonius by Lucius Florus and Sylva Caledonia by Pliny inaccessable thorough their intricate and darke thickets bogs lakes and marishes safe shelters of the Northerne Britons invaded by Iulius Agricola the Emperour Severus and the Romans In the part subject to the Crowne of England rise the Mountaines of Wales taking vp the Westerne devision of the kingdome betwixt the Irish Ocean the Sea of Severne and the Riuers Wye and d ee strong fastnesses of the warlike Silures and Ordovices with great obstinacy for a long time resisting the Roman yoake and not fully subdued vntill Iulius Agricola and the raigne of the Emperour Domitian and afterwards the Rendez-vous of the distressed Britons shunning the rage of the Saxons or English Beyond the riuer Trent beginneth another long Mountainous ridge which continued through the North of Staffordshire then by the West of Darbye-shire afterwards betwixt Yorkeshire and Lancashire lastly by Cumberland Westmoreland and Northumberland doth end at Cheviot or the Scottish borders This is not known by any one name ancient or moderne In Staffordshire it is named Moreland in Darbieshire the Peake betwixt Lancashire and Yorkeshire Blackestone-edge Pendle Craven betwixt Richmondshire and Westmoreland Stane-more in Cumberland Copland and at the borders of Scotland Cheviot The other hills of the South Blackamore Yorkes-would the Chilterne Cots-wold Malvern those of Sussex Devonshire and Cornwall with others are rather to be accompted Downs then Mountaines Those many of Scotland seeme all branches of the Grampius THE RIVERS CREEKES AND PROMONTORIES THe Rivers issue from the Mountaines and hils The more great and famous are the Thames Severne Trent Yeure or