first embraced the Orthodox tenent the whole Spaine is againe become Catholique in the which the same persisted vntil the expiration of the name Monarchy hereof in Rodericus In the yeare 714 raigne of this Prince hapned that fatall invasion of the Moores whereby this country almost in a moment of time became over-whelmed with the new Mahumetane superstition religion confined within the Mountaines of Biscay Asturia After long fierce warres for aboue the space of 700 yeares the kingdome of Granado their last retraite being taken in by Ferdinand the fifth and Isabel kings of Castile and Aragon the Infidels are again beaten home into Afrique the Province is totally recovered vnto the Christian beliefe if by this time it may rightly be esteemed Christian corrupted by long Popish impostures which although since in part reformed in most other parts of Christendome hath here in its full impurity beene maintained vnto this day The Religion then here only allowed is that of the Romish Church without all visible shew of other mixtures An especial cause hereof besides the vnnaturall stiffnes of the Nation not easily changing hath beene the Inquisition with extreamest diligence and watchfulnesse still crushing Religion in the shell Protestants bookes all freer discourse and commerce vtterly prohibited taking away all meanes of attayning to the light hereof This was first begun in the yeare 1478 in the raignes of Ferdinand the fifth and Elizabeth kings of Castile and Aragon by the especiall procurement of D. Pedro Gonsales de Mendoza Cardinall Archbishop of Sevilla occasioned by the Apostacy of the newly then baptized Iewes and Moores beginning to returne to their ancient Superstition against whom then chiefly the name of Lutheran Protestant not being extant it was intended It was first exercised in the Kingdomes of Castile and Granado afterwards receiued into Navarre Arragon and lastly into Portugall The power and authority hereof is to enquire after and to censure Infidelity haeresie witchcraft sins against nature The Inquisitours are all of the Saecular Cleargy besides Portugal distributed into 12 Courts or Tribunals the Courts of Inquisition at Vallidolid Logronnio for Navarre so much of the kingdome of Castile as lyeth on this side the Mountaines of Segovia Avila at Toledo and Cuença for New Castile at L'erena for Estremadura at Murcia for that Countrey at Sivilla and Cordova for Andaluzia at Granado for the kingdome thereof at Valentia for that Province at Saragoça for Aragonia at Barcelona for Catalonia The residence hereof for Portugall I finde not By these mercilesse Tyrannies thus dispersed ouer the bodie of these Realmes the people here are so bridled in that nothing can be spoken scarcely knowne much lesse attempted or done prejudiciall to the present Romish Church and Religion Insomuch that here the Priests may lye by authority coyne forge miracles without contradiction say doe whatsoeuer they please without any one daring to oppose euen against their palpable impostures most shamelesse impudency These as in all other Countreyes subiect to the See of Rome are distinguished into Archbishops Bishops Secular Priests sundry sorts of Regulars The Bishops besides those of Leon Oviedo who by auncient exemptions acknowledge no superiour but the Pope are ranked vnder their Archbishops or Metropolitanes as follow Vnder Toledo the Bishops of Cordova Cuenca Siguença Iaen Murcia and Vxama Vnder S t Iago Orense Mondonedo Badaios Tui Placenza Lugo Salamanca Avila Zamora Astorga Coria Cuidad Rodrigo Vnder Sivilla Malaga Cadiz and of the Canary Ilands Vnder Granado Guadix and Almeria Vnder Burgos Pampelona and Calahora Vnder Valentia Orihuela Segorve and Xativa Vnder Saragoça Huesca Iacca Balbastro Taradona and Albarracino and vnder Taragona Barcelona Tortosa Vique Vrgel Girona Lerida and Elna in the land of Russillon In Portugall are 3 Archbishops Sees of Braga Lisbona and Evora Whereunto are subordinate the Bishops of Coimbre Lamego Viseo Porto Miranda Portalegre Guarda Elvis Leira and Silvis Of these Toledo Taragona and Braga doe all contend for the Primacy the matter yet remaining vndetermined Howbeit Toledo now carryeth the accompt the most honourable and richest hereof whose reuenues are esteemed at 300000 duckats by the yeare the perpetuall Chancelour of Spaine Amongst the inferiour Cleargie the most memorable proper almost to this Countrey are the Orders del Resgate and de la Merced the former flourishing most in Aragonia where it begun the other much the greater in the kingdome of Castile but scattered neverthelesse over France and other parts bordering vpon the Sea Mediterranean The profession and exercise hereof is with almes gathered amongst the people to redeeme such Christian Captiues as what by chance of warre and by the daily pyracyes and incursions of the Turkes and Moores doe in Barbary and other Mahumetane countries liue enthralled to the Infidells for this cause sending yearely their Agents to Algier and Fez where managing this affaire with no lesse diligence then faithfulnes they first ransom the religious then the king of Spaine Lay subiects and of those first the yonger sort then those of other nations as farre as their almes will extend They leaue also here certaine of their brethren to informe them of the state quality and necessitie of the Captiues to make the better way for their liberty the yeare following The king with a liberall hand greatly furthereth this busines giuing ordinarily asmuch more as the Fryers haue collected Neither are the people wanting herein few here dying who leaueth not some legacie for these charitable vses Besides these numberles Cleargie here are another sort of Regulars which although for the most part they are of the Laity depend notwithstanding and had their beginning from Religion They are the Knights of the Crosse instituted in the holy warres against the Saracens whose office it was by armes to defend the Christian faith and the professours thereof againgst the force and outrages of the Infidells besides the Malteses who here yet hold good possessions devided into six orders peculiar to this Province those of Calatrava S. Iames and Alcantara in the kingdome of Castille of Avis and of Christ in Portugals and of Montesa in Aragon The order of Calatrava was first occasioned in the yeare 1157 by certaine Monkes of the order of Cisteaux vndertaking the defence of that city then newly surprized vpon the Infidell and in regard of the danger forsaken by the Knight Templars to whose charge is was committed In processe of time it grew to that state that besides 8 faire Monasteries it now enjoyeth no lesse then 61 townes and castles in both kingdomes of Castille Aragon The Knights doe weare for a marke of their order a white coate with a red crosse vpon it and are subject to the Monkish discipline of Cisteaux They haue made many flittings of their chiefe residence from Calatrava to Ciruelos to Buxeda to Corcolos to Salvitierra and from thence to the castle of
Covo where it now resteth They haue beene seene to serue in the field against the Moores with 300 great horse which is the whole number of men of armes their Commaunderies were bound to set forth to the warres The famous order of S t Iames was begun and occasioned not long after that of Calatrava by the superstitious aemulation of the Monkes of S t Eloy and certaine Gentlemen of Castille who by building hospitalls in diverse passages of Spaine for the entertainment of Christian pilgrims travailing from towards France to S. Iago and performing other charitable offices towards those devoted people deserved so well of Pope Alexander the third that he erected them into an order by this meanes becomming partly Ecclesiasticall and partly Saecular all of them appointed to liue after the rule of S t Augustine and the Saecular permitted to marry so that they would not breake the bonds of wedlocke which they must vow inviolably to keepe Their first residence was at their Covent by the Hospitall of S t Marke lying without the city of Leon. Afterwades falling out with Ferdinand king hereof remouing into the kingdome of Castille they had there giuen them by king Alfonsus the towne and castle of Vcles now the chiefe seate of their order Repossessing notwithstanding after the death of the said Ferdinand the Covent by S t Marke the order by this meanes became deuided into two severall factions or parts the townes and commanderies in the kingdome of Leon acknowledging S. Marke and those other of the kingdomes of Castille and Portugall Vcles all notwithstanding subject to one master resident at Vcles vntill king Dionysius ranked the possessions belonging herevnto in his kingdome of Portugall vnder a master of their owne The lands and possessions hereof besides those of Portugall are two Colledges in the Vniversity of Salamanca a Covent at Sivilla 4 Hermitages in the mountaines 5 hospitalls of speciall reuenue and some 90 commanderie townes and castles The Knights weare a red crosse vpon a white coate fashioned like a sword and are accompted at this day aboue 600 Gentlemen besides about 200 Friers resident in their Vicarages Covents and other benefices and are by much the richest order in Spaine The order of Alcantara was erected in the yeare 1217 by Alfonsus king of Leon who would that that towne with whatsoeuer else the order of Calatrava possessed in his kingdome should be deuided from thence and made a distinct order obseruing notwithstanding the discipline of Cisteaux and acknowledging the cheifage and superiority of the other The Knights for a distinction from them of Calatrava are marked with a greene crosse The order of Avis so called from a towne of that name in Portugall was founded by Sanctius the first king hereof The Knights doe weare the greene crosse of Alcantara The order in riches and revenues is much inferiour to those before named The order of Christ was raised out of the ruines of the exauthorized order of the Templars all whose lands and possessions in Portugall were by king Dionysius assigned herevnto It is the richest order in Portugall to whose right belong the Ilands of the sea Atlantique with the countries in Asia Africa Brasil lately discovered now held by this nation The marke hereof is a red crosse stroked in the middest with a white line The first residence of the Knights was at Castromarin seated at the mouth of the riuer Guadiana now at Tovar betwixt the Guadiana and the Taio The order of Montesa was instituted about the same time with the order of Christ in Portugall by the same occasion vnto which Iames the first king of Aragon gaue all the revenues of the condemned order of the Templars lying within his countrey of Valentia with the towne castle of Montesa from whence it tooke the name the cheif seate of the order The Master and Knights hereof at the time of their first erection were made subject to them of Calatrava and their Monkish discipline of Cisteaux By leaue from Pope Benedict the 13 they afterwards changed the marke hereof for a red crosse to be worne before their breasts now the badge of the order All these in times past had their severall masters who were still of especiall nobilitie vsuall of the bloud royall and many times the younger or base sons of their Kings They also had as yet they retaine their vice-masters or great Commendadors whereof the order of S t Iames had two besides the part of the order in Portugall offices at this day of great note and most commonly borne by the most eminent personages of the kingdome the great Commendador of Castille for the devision of Eucles and the great Commendador of Leon for that of S t Marke These had likewise their Clavigeros besides infinite petty Commendadors The Knights were alwayes Gentlemen by birth Ferdinand the fift king of Castille and Aragon after the warres with the Moores and Granado ended jealous of the numbers of the tumults and disorders which these priviledged gallants wanting forreine imployment might afterwards fall into to the great danger and prejudice of his kingdomes vnited the Master-ships hereof with the Crowne followed afterwards by the Kings of Portugall in their dominions Since this first injurie by a common fate of all religious states they haue for a long time languished and now scarce are in being their lawes priviledges broken and Gentlemen Courtiers and favorites of great men vsurping the titles and reuenues The Masterships of the kingdomes of Castille and Portugall Montesa in Aragon not reckoned yeeld yearely to the king according to Linschottēs accompt aboue 126759 pound sterling besides the rents of S t George in Guinea belonging to the order of Christ worth 100000 duckats by the yeare This hath beene the Ecclesiasticall state Concerning the ciuill the whole is subject to one sole Monarch devided notwithstanding into three distinct kingdomes different in lawes and customes and not vnited but in their Prince the kingdome of Castille Leon wherevnto Navarra Granado are annexed and are parts of Aragon and of Portugall Of these the kingdome of Aragon enjoyeth a more free estate then the rest the royall authority being so pressed downe by the priviledges of the people the power of their Iustitia that scarcely it may be accompted Monarchicall In Castille as in the chiefest and most devoted vnto him the king is alway resident here most commonly at Vallidolid or Madrid The other two he commaundeth by his Vice-royes whereof Aragon contayneth three for as much as consisting of so many different Provinces and gouernments the Vice-roye of Aragonia resident at Saragoca who ought still to be a natiue the Vice-roye of the Countrey of Valentia residing in the city of Valentia and of Catalonia at Barcelona Navarra likewise although it be now incorporate with Castille hath notwithstanding its particular Viceroye administring justice according to the lawes of Castille aud the
second time He was againe deposed by Ioseph Aben-Almao Ioseph Aben-Almao Mahomet Aben-Azar restored and deposed the third time by Mahomet Aben-Ozmen Mahomet Aben-Ozmen deposed by Ismael Ismael Muley Albohacen son to Ismael driven out by his son Mahomet Boabdelin During the raigne hereof begun the warres of the Christians vnder Ferdinand the fift Isabel kings of Castille Aragon thorough the civill warres dissention hereof continuing for the space of ten yeares with happy successe and ending with the vtter expulsion of the Infidels Mahomet Boabdelin son to Muley Albohacen opposed during the Christian warres by his father afterwards he growing old and forsaken by his faction by his vncle Muley Boabdelin son to Ismael each one being acknowledged kings by their parties in the yere 1492 Granado surrendred Malaga Guadix Baça Almcria with other places belonging to his vncle being before recouered after ten yeares warre with the whole Mahumetane superstition driven over into Afrique by Ferdinand the fift and Elizabeth kings of Castille and Aragon During the vsurpation of the Moores out of the ruines for the most part of the vanquished Gothes arose as before certaine honourable Christian kingdomes estates of Leon Castille Navarra Aragon Portugal Barcelona in continuance of time the Infidels beaten home over-spreading this whole continent whose originall increase vnion and whole fortunes wee are now to relate THE BEGINNING PROGRESSE AND FORTVNES OF THE KINGDOME OF LEON THis Kingdome was begun in Asturia in the person of Pelagius descended from the auncient Gothish Monarches in the yeare 716 by the distressed remnants of the vanquished and flying Christians sheltering themselues in the mountaines hereof about two yeres after their great overthrow given by the Moores at the battaill neere Xeres de la Frontera It was first called the kingdome of Asturia After that the city of Leon was taken by Pelagius it tooke the name thereof Some would haue after that the towne of Oviedo was builded by king Froila that for certaine descents it did beare the name of that citie wherein I striue not much the name of Leon at length prevayling The parts of Spaine which at the beginning it contayned were the mountainous parts of Asturia now onely retayning the name hereof together with part of Galitia By the raigne of Ordonius the second the kingdome became enlarged over all Galitia Asturia Leon with the greatest part of Castillia la Veia being devided from Navarra by Monte D'oca and from the Moores by the Mountaines of Segovia Avila Castille revolting in the raigne of king Froila the second it became stinted Southwards with the riuer Pisuerga the common bounds hereof and of that countrie comprehending onely Galitia Asturia and Leon the ancient extent of the kingdome of Leon vntill its revnion with Castille Vpon the decease of Veremundus the third without issue slaine in battaill by Ferdinand the first king of Castille it became seazed vpon by that prince in right of his wife Sanctia sister to Veremundus added to his dominions family In the house of this Ferdinand it became twise againe severed from Castille in Alfonsus son hereof and in Ferdinand the second for some descents In Ferdinand the third son to Alfonsus the ninth Berengaria sister to Henry the first king of Castille the two kingdomes were lastly vnited incorporated into one entire state knowne by the name of the kingdome of Castille Leon. The kingdome was hereditary and where women for defect of heires male might succeed The princes vntill their last revnion with Castille were Pelagius descended of the Gothish Monarches the first founder as before we haue related of the kingdome created king in Asturia in the yeare 716. Favila son to Pelagius He died without issue Alfonsus the first surnamed the Catholique sonne in lawe to Pelagius Froila the first son to Alfonsus the first slaine by the treason of his brother Aurelius Aurelius brother to Froila the first He deceased without heires Silo his wife Adosinda sister to Aurelius Alfonsus the second surnamed the Chast son to Froila the first deposed by Mauregate thorough the power aide of Abderahmen the first king of the Spanish Moores Veremundus the first surnamed Deacon son to Bimaranus son or brother to Froila the first He admitted for companion in the kingdome Alfonsus the second depriued by Mauregate liuing then exiled in Biscaia Alfonsus the second sole king of Leon Veremundus deceasing Ramir the first son to Veremundus the first He overthrew the Moores in a great battaill at Clavigio vnder their king Abderahmen the second in the yeare 846. Ordonius the first son to Ramir the first Alfonsus the third son to Ordonius the first Garsias the first son to Alfonsus the third His yonger brother Ordonius was prince of Galitia the kingdome then being for a time devided Hee dyed without issue Ordonius prince of Galitia brother to Garcias the first after the decease hereof the second of the name king of Leon. In this princes time the kingdome of Leon contayned all Asturia Leon Galitia the greatest part of Castillia la Veia bounded vpon the East South by Monte D'oca the Mountaines of Segovia Avila from Navarra and the Moores and vpon the North and West extending vnto the Ocean He cruelly murthered all the Earles of Castille the occasion of the revolt not long after of that countrey Froila the second brother to Ordonius the second Formerly exasperated with the murther of their Earles by Ordonius the second and now encouraged by the slough many vices of this prince in the yeare 898 and raigne hereof the Castillians first revolted from vnder the gouernment of the kings of Leon became a free estate Alfonsus the fourth surnamed the Monke son to Ordonius the second injuriously prevented by king Froila the second Lazy vnfit to governe hee voluntarily resigned the kingdome to Ramir his yonger brother and turned Religious Ramir the second son to Ordonius the second and brother to Alfonsus the fourth Ordonius the third son to Ramir the second Sanctius surnamed the Grosse brother to Ordonius the second Ramir the third son to Sanctius the Grosse Veremundus the second son to Ordonius the third Alfonsus the fift son to Veremundus the second Veremundus the third son to Alfonsus the fift slaine in battaill by Ferdinand the first king of Castille Ferdinand the first king of Castille yonger son to Sanctius surnamed the Great king of Navarra after the decease of Veremundus the third without issue succeeding in the kingdome of Leon in right of his wife Sanctia sister to Veremundus He deceased in the yeare 1065. Alfonsus the sixt younger son to Ferdinand the first His elder brother Sanctius inherited the kingdome of Castille the two kingdomes being now againe devided Driven out by his brother Sanctius king of Castille hee liued for a time exiled amongst the Moores of Toledo After the decease of his brother without heires hee
Ocean along the Straights of Hercules and the Seas Ibericum Sardoâ—m parts of the Mediterranean vnto the riuer Ampsaga vpon the East the bounds thereof of the lesser or proper Afrique devided by the riuer Malva into the Provinces Tingitana Casariensis contayning together at this day after Birtius the kingdomes of Morocco Fez Tremisen Since the supersititon of the Mahumetanes this generall name hath been derived over almost the whole Sea-coast of Afrique lying quart of Europe reaching from the Sea Atlantique and Straights of Gibraltar vnto the Red Sea Aegypt subject now as was the whole knowne South East vnto the great Miramamoline or Caliph of the Saracens resident at Damascus in Asia the Empire hereof at that time being whole and vndevided The occasion of their first comming invasion hereof next vnto the sins of the nation was the treason of Iulianus Governour now of Tingitana for Rodericus discontented with the promotion hereof vnto the kingdome being of the faction of the sons of Witiza and then newly enraged with the ravishment of his daughter Cava by the lustfull king Rodericus Vlit was then Miramamoline His governour for Afrique was Muza posted vnto by Iulianus and with faire hopes invited to the conquest of the Gothes Spaine The Miramamoline made acquainted Tarif is sent from Muza In the yeare 714 at the river Guadalethe neere vnto the towne of Xeres dela Frontera the powers of Spaine Afrique fatally joyne aided by the traitour Iulianus and the faction of the sons of Witiza Rodericus with great slaughter of his people is overthrowne slaine the name of the Gothes extinguished and the whole Spaine within three yeares space conquered and overrun the hilly parts of Asturia and Biscaia with those of the Pyrenes almost only excepted at whose mountaines the Rendez-vous of the distressed and flying Christians the great good fortune of the Moores suddenly stoppeth and recoyles their Empire here in a maner no sooner beginning then declining sundrie honourable Christian kingdomes estates here arising as did afterwards in other parts of Spaine by the meanes and thorough the emulation hereof those of Leon Castille Navarre Aragon Portugal Barcelona by the favour of God the valour of the Nation the charitable aide of neighbouring Christians and thorough the discord disvnion of the Infidels gathering continuall ground herevpon and at length vtterly expelling driving them out After continuall loppings of the devided long languishing estate hereof and their continuance and abode here for the space of 778 yeares in the yeare 1492 their commaund and government in Spaine tooke end the kingdome of Granado all other parts which they held having long before beene recovered vnder Mahomet Boabdelin their last king being taken in by Ferdinand the fift Elizabeth kings of Castille and Aragon and such as would not â—eâ—ege their superstition forced over into Afrique Of late yeares presently vpon the first warres ended with the Netherlanders certain remainders of this of-spring to the number of many thousand families inhabiting within the countries of Granado Valentia though ChristiaÌ„s at least in show subject vnto the kings of Spaine were by the jealousy of Philip the third then raigning vtterly expulsed and their whole race name here by this meanes quite rooted out The dominion hereof in Spaine was first vnder the great Miramamolines of the Saracens before mentioned residing in Asia and commaunding here by their Lieftenants In the yeare 759 revoulting from vnder the government of the Miramamolines in the person of Abderabmen descended from their Prophet Mahomet they erected here a free Monarchy loose from all forreine subjection in which state in the posterity hereof they continued for the space of 247 yeares Occasioned thorough the slough and pusillanimity of Hissemus the second the last Monarch of the race of Abderrahmen about the yeare 1006 deposed by Mahomad Almohadius and thorough the civill warres and dissentions which ensued afterwards for the soveraignety they broke into the many petty kingdomes of Cordova Sevilla Toledo and Saragoça with others the governours of each chiefe city then taking vpon them the name and authority of Kings Iuzephus Telephinus Miramamoline of Morocco of the house of the Almoravides and the ambition of the king of Cordova ayming by the aide hereof at the conquest of the rest about the yeare 1091 put an end to this first devision subduing those petty kings and reducing in a maner the whole which was yet left vnconquered by the Christians vnder his sole government revniting them with the African Moores The family of the Almoravides being overthrowne and destroyed by Abdelmon and the Almohades a new sect of the African Moores in the yeare 1150 they againe chaunged their lords superstition and became subject herevnto Mahomad surnamed the Greene Miramamoline of Morocco of the sect of the Almohades overcome by the Christians in a great battaill at the mountaines of Sierra Morena dispairing afterwards here of any good successe the estate of the Spanish Moores then being very small and irrecoverablely declining departing into Afrique and leaving Spaine to fortune in the yeares 1214 1228 they againe devided into the lesser kingdomes of Cordova Sevilla Valentia and Murcia for the rest of Spaine was before this time wholy cleared of them Those foure lesser kingdomes with the kingdome of the Ilands not long after being destroyed and taken in by Ferdinand the third king of Castille and Iames the first king of Aragon there remained vnto them only the city of Granado with the country about it part formerly of the kingdome of Cordova vnto which king Alhamar Cordova being surprised by Ferdinand remouing his royall seate in the yeare 1239 began the famous kingdome of Granado thorough the advantage strength of the mountainous situation thereof and the contempt neglect and discord of the Christians continuing for the space of 253 yeares afterwards vntill in the yeare 1492 after ten yeares war it was likewise conquered recovered by Ferdinand the fift king of Castille Arragon The Caliphs or Miramamolines of the Saracens commaunding here together with their Lieftenants follow Vlit of the house of Humeia descended from Zeineb one of the daughters of their Prophet Mahomet Monarch of the whole Nation of the Saracens and superstition of the Mahumetans vnder whom Spaine was first conquered by the Moores about the yeare of the Incarnation of Iesus Christ 714 and the 97 of the impostour Mahomet whose Deputies here were successiuely Muza and Abdalasisius son to Muza Their Empire here during the raigne of this Miramamoline extended ouer the whole Spaine the parts of Biscaia Asturia and Guipuscoa excepted Zuleiman brother to Vlit whose Lieftenant here was Alahor Homar and Izit joint Miramamolines sons to Vlit Izit sole Miramamoline Homar being deceased whose Lieftenants were Zama slaine in battaile before Tholouse in France Aza Ambiza Odra and Iahea Iscamus brother to Izit whose Spanish governours were Oddifa Himenus
name and accompt they at this day continue Henry the first king of Castile son to Alfonsus the eight He dyed without issue Ferdinand the third son to Alfonsus the ninth king of Leon and of Berengaria yonger sister to Henry the first deceased in right from his mother king of Castile Blanche elder sister to Berengaria then wife to Lewes son to Philip the French King refused His father deceasing hee succeeded likewise in the Kingdome of Leon. After this last vnion the two Kingdomes were neuer againe seuered incorporated into one entire state knowne now by the name of Castille Leon. He recouered from the Moores the countries of Andaluzia and Murcia contayning then the petty Kingdomes of Murcia and Sivillia with part of the Kingdome of Cordova In the raigne hereof and yeare 1239 began the famous kingdome of Granado by Mahomet Aben-Alhamar King of Cordova vpon the surprisall of that city by Ferdinand remouing hither his royall seate Alfonsus the tenth King of Castile and Leon son to Ferdinand the third He was that famous Astronomer whose workes are now extant with vs the framer of the Tables of Alfonsus named from him The German Electours diuided he was chosen by his factiō Emperour of the Romans against Richard Earle of Cornwall brother to Henry the third King of England detained notwithstanding at home during his whole raigne with civill warres against his vnnaturall son Sanctius much more happy in the loue of the Muses then of his subiects Sanctius the third king of Castile and Leon the rebellious son of Alfonsus the tenth Ferdinand the fourth son to Sanctius the third Alfonsus the eleauenth son to Ferdinand the fourth Peter the first son to Alfonsus the eleauenth He was driuen out for his cruelty and was restored againe by Edward named the Blacke Prince son to Edward the third king of England Destitute of the English succours not long after he lost both his kingdome life overcome and slaine by his brother Henry Henry the second brother to Peter the first and naturall son to Alfonsus the eleaventh Iohn the first king of Castille Leon son to Henry the second opposed by Iohn of Gaunt duke of Lancaster pretending the right of Constance his wife daughter to Peter the first In this prince by his marriage of D. Maria Diaz de Haro daughter and inheretresse to Don Lopez Diaz de Haro last prince of Biscaia and Guipuscoa these seigneuries were annexed to the crowne of Castille Comming to composition with Iohn duke of Lancaster hee marryed his sonne Henry vnto Catherine daughter to the other by agreement created vpon the marriage prince of Asturia which title occasioned from the English whose eldest sons are named princes of Wales hath ever since bin continued in the heires of Castille or Spaine Henry the third son to Iohn the first He married vnto Catherine daughter to Iohn of Gaunt duke of Lancaster Iohn the second son to Henry the third Henry the fourth son to Iohn the second He deceased without heires of his body Elizabeth queene of Castille Leon sister to Henry the fourth She married vnto Ferdinand the fift king of Aragon Sicily In the raigne hereof the countreyes of Granado Navarra the French Moores being expulsed became annexed to the house hereof and incorporated with Castille and the whole Spaine the kingdome of Portugall excepted vnited vnder one Monarch Naples likewise was then conquered from the French and the house of Ferdinand the bastard and the rich new-found world first discovered added to the dominion hereof Philip the first Arch-duke of Austria and Duke of Bungundie son to the Emperour Maximilian the first Mary Dutchesse of Burgundie king of Castille Leon in right of his wife Ioane eldest daughter to Ferdinand the fift and Elizabeth kings of Castille Aragon Philip deceasing and Ioane of Aragon his Queene in regard of her frenzy and indisposition being vnfit to governe Ferdinand the fift in the minority of Charles the fift reassumed againe the kingdome of Castille Charles the fift son to Philip the first and Ioane of Aragon after the decease of his grandfathers Maximilian the first Emperour and king Ferdinand the fift elected Emperour of the Romans and succeeding in the kingdomes of Castille Leon Aragon Naples Sicily Hierusalem and of the Indyes the Dukedomes of Austria Burgundy and the dominions of the low-countries He added vnto these in Italy the great Dukedome of Milan after the decease of Francis Sforcia without heires according to the composition made betwixt them and in the Netherlands the Provinces of Vtreicht Over-Ysel Zutphen Gelderland Wearyed with long sicknes and the burthen of so great an Empire he voluntarily surrendred all his estates vnto his younger brother Ferdinand and his son Philip the second cloistering himselfe vp in the monastery of S t Iustus in Estremadura where in a private fortune he dyed Philip the second son vnto the Emperour Charles the fift lord of all the kingdomes and possessions belonging to the house of Burgundy Spaine The German Empire and the dominions of Austria were left vnto his vncle Ferdinand Sebastian king of Portugal being slaine in Afrique by the Moores at the battaile of Alcacar and his vncle Cardinall Henry not long after surviuing by the great captain Don Ferdin̄d Alvares de Toledo in the yeare 1580 he cōquered that kingdome the first Monarch of Spaine since king Rodericus and the Gothes To giue a checke vnto this sudden and over-great prosperity the Low-countries in his time revolted eight of whose richest provinces Holland Zealand Vtreicht Over-Ysel Gelderland Zutphen West-Freisland Groninghen haue now by armes freed themselues from the Spanish yoake and subjection Philip the Third son to Philip the second succeeding in the dominions conquests of Spaine The Netherlands were assigned by his father vnto his sister Isabella marryed vnto Albert Arch-duke of Austria Philip the fourth son to Philip the third now king of Castille Spaine and of the many provinces subject to the great Empire hereof THE KINGDOME OF NAVARRA THe Kingdome hereof was first begun amongst the Pyrenean Mountaines in the parts whereabout now standeth the towne of Suprarbe by the Vascones the naturall inhabitants or rather by certaine remnants of the shipwrack'd and flying Christians in that great invndation of the Moores retreating amongst the safer rocks and shelters hereof The exact time when it begun is not set downe Onely thus much is agreed vpon that Garcias Ximinius the first king dyed in the yeare 758 some 42 yeares after the first erection of the kingdome of the Asturians or Leon. It was first entituled the kingdome of Suprarbe then the chiefe towne of those mountainous parts Afterwards it tooke the name of Navarra most probably vnder Innicus Garcias at what time first descending from the mountaines where the former kings had kept themselues immur'd they tooke in Pampelona and the plaine countrey from the Moores By the raigne of Sanctius the Great
customes and the priviledges of the countrie The lawes all is gouerned by are the municipall or common lawes of each kingdome and when these are wanting the ciuill or Roman law professed and executed by Civillians brought vp in their Vniuersities and following the proceeding and course of the Civill A no small commendation of the Nation hath beene their strict execution hereof which they administer with due severitie and without partialitie a chiefe cause of their generall more prosperous and flourishing estate The King is haereditary and where women for defect of male issue doe succeed Hee is stiled the most Catholique King a title first giuen to Ricaredus the first Orthodoxe King of the Gothes in a Provinciall councell held at Toledo continued afterwards in Alfonsus the first king of Leon for his devout and religious carriages but not becomming haereditary vntill Ferdinand the fift king of Castille Aragon who honoured herewith by Pope Iuly the second for maintayning his quarrell against the excommunicated king of France Lewes the twelfth transmitted the same to succession vnto this day His dominions may not vnfitly be distinguished according to the 4 great devisions of the inhabited world into those of Europe Africke Asia and America In the first besides Spaine and the Ilands therevnto belonging hee holdeth the kingdomes of Naples and Sicily the dukedome of Millaine in Italy and the Iland of Sardinia besides the many Provinces of the Low-countries not yet revolted now in the possession of Isabella aunt to Philip the fourth now raigning after her decease without heires to returne againe vnto the Crowne of Spaine In Africk he maintayned against the Infidells the townes of Oran and Melilla the great haven Muzalquiuer the Penion or rocke of Veliz the townes of Seuta Tangier and Mazagone in the Continent of Barbarie the fortresses of Arguin and S t George de la Mina in Aethiopia beyond the cape of good hope the forts of Sena and Sofala with the Iland Mozambique together with the Azores or Flemmish Ilands those of Madera Cape Verde Saint Thomas and del Principe lying along the West shore hereof on this side of the Promontorie of Buona Esperanza In Asiá he commaundeth in a manner all the Sea-coâ—sts from the Persian gulfe to the famous Promontory aunciently called Aurea Chersonesus where now Malaca staÌ„deth in which space he possesseth the hauens fortresses of Diu Chavl Goa Canora Cochin Damain Bazain Tavaan Colan the haven and castle of Columbo in the Iland of Zeilan and the towne of Malaca in the aforesaid Chersonese the furthest bounds of his East-Indian Empire Concerning America with the Phillippinae and infinite other Ilands thereunto belonging his Catholickenes challengeth the whole giuen vnto him by a Bull of his Countryman Pope Alexander the Sixt. Moreouer the Knights of S. Iohn of Ierusalem doe hold of him the Iland of Malta giuen vnto them after their retreat from Rhodes by the Emperour Charles the fift Hee also layeth claime to the Iland of Corsica possessed by the Genowayes the kingdomes of Tunis and Hierusalem vsurped by the Turkes the Dukedome of Burgundy with-held by the French with the vnited Prouinces of the Netherlands lately withdrawne from his obedience by the confederate states His revenues from hence are great as well in regard of the riches large extent hereof as of the many taxes impositions which especially his Spanish subjects of Castile as well those of the Cleargy as of the Laity are subject vnto which first brought in vpon occasion of the holy warres against the Infidels vpon the like pretence against the Heretiques as they tearme the reformed haue beene hitherto still kept vp maintained The particulars heereof collected by Linschotten out of the Exchequers of his seuerall kingdomes and as they were farmed out in the yeare 1578 before the vnion of Portugal not otherwise to make any certaine estimate hereof which must needes be vncertaine were as follow His demaine in Castile with the Alcavala and Tertiae of that kingdome which Alcavala is the tenth penny of all Lands merchandise goods sold by any Castilian for further then that kingdome it extendeth not the Tertiae being the third part of all spirituall promotions revenues yeeld yearly about the summe of 1274 Quintos The custome of Merchandise passing out of Biscay and Guipuscoa into Castile paying after the rate of one in ten at the Custome-houses of Victoria Horduna and Valmas Ceda amounteth to 70 Quintos The custome for wares passing through the Country of Leon by Sanabria and Villa-Franca one Quinto The same for Merchandise out of Asturia by Oviedo 375000 Maravedies The rent of the Prevosts office of Bilbao 490000 Maravedies The toull of the Inland passages of Valentia Aragonia and Navarre where is payed the tenth penny of all Merchandise brought thither out of Castile 49 Quintos and 35000 Maravedies The like toull of certaine inland ports of Castile frontiring vpon Portugal for wares passing to and fro betwixt those two kingdomes 34 Quintos and 155000 Maravedies The woolls yearely transported out of Spaine into forreine Countryes paying for euery sack weighing aboue ten Aroben two dukats for a subiect 4 for a stranger 53 Quintos and 586000 Maravedies The farme of the Almoxarischap of Sivilla for the tenth penny of the Merchandise of the Dutchmen English and other people of Europe there discharged 154 Quintos and 309000 Maravedies The farme of the Almoxarischap of Sivilla for the Spanish Indies which is for the 20. penny of all Merchandise laden here and bound thither paying an other 20 penny at their arrivall there 67 Quintos The rent of the mint of Spaine euery dukat which is there coyned for any of the Kings subiects paying a ryall of plate 22 Quintos The Salinas or Salt-workes belonging to the Crowne are taxed at 93 Quintos The Farmes of the Master-ships of S. Iames Calatrava and Alcantara besides their pasturages yeeld 98 Quintos The rent of the pasturages of these Masterships 37 Quintos The rent of the Quick-siluer mine at Almaden 73 Quintos The rent of the siluer mine of Guadalcana in Estremadura was wont to be worth 187 Quintos by the yeare but is now much decayed The rent called de la Moneda Forera which is a certaine rent of euery hertsteed each paying yearely 7 Maravedies yeeldeth 6 Quintos and 656000 Maravedies The farme of Cardes euery paire here sold paying vnto the King halfe a ryall of plate 20 Quintos The rashes or cloathes of Florence whereof euery peece payeth 6 dukats 10 Quintos The Popes pardons of which hee maketh good merchandise in America 200 Quintos The first fruits payed by the Cleargy at their first entrances into their benefices for confirmation of their places giuen vnto him towards the maintainance of the warres against Heretiques Infidels 65 Quintos The Excusado a yearely contribution so called because consented vnto by the Letters Patents of his Holines giuen by the Cleargy vpon the same pretext of
it was vnited with the kingdome of Aragon extended ouer the whole countrey of Catalonia The first Earle was Bernard a Frenchman Earle or Governour of Barcelona for the Emperours Charles the Great and Lewis the Godly After him succeeded in the Earledome Wifredus the first Governour for the Emperour Lewis the Godly These two Earles were onely such magistrates thus named commaunding for the French during life or for a set number of yeares Wifredus the second son to Wifredus the first In this Earle the estate became first proprietary hereditary by the liberality gift of the Emperour Charles surnamed the Fat to bee held vnder the fief of the Roman Emperours not long after freed from forreine iurisdiction the house of that Emperour expiring and the power of the factious devided French declining Miron Earle of Barcelona son to Wifredus the second Godefridus or Wifredus son to Miron Borellus sonne to Wifredus brother to Miron Raimund the first son to Borellus Berengarius Borellus son to Raimund the first Raimund the second son to Borellus Raimund the third son to Raimund the second Raimund the fourth son to Raimund the third Raimund the fift sonne to Raimund the fourth He married vnto Petronilla daughter to Ramir the second King of Aragon by which meanes these two estates became vnited continued in the Kings of Aragon THE KINGDOME OF PORTVGALL THe name hereof some haue derived from the towne of Porto standing vpon the river of Duero and the Galli or Frenchmen the founders of the nation of the Portugalls Others from the port or haven-towne named Cale now Caia lying at the mouth of that riuer sometimes a rich and flourishing emporie whereof the first princes should be entitl'd The estate was begun long after the rest by the Frenchmen in the yeare 1090 and in the person of Henry a Lorrainer or after others a Burgundian borne in the city of Besançon and descended from the auncient Earles of the Free county who comming hither to the holy warres and hauing married Therasia base daughter to Alfonsus the sixt king of Castille Leon had given vnto him by way of dowry the towne and countrey thus called to bee held with the title of Earle vnder the right tribute of the Kings of Castille The Earledome at the time that it was first instituted was extended only over the part hereof which is contayned now betwixt the riuers of Duero Minio part then of the dominions of King Alfonsus the sixt and by this meanes seperated Earle Henry the first prince added to the accompt and name hereof the part contayned betwixt the Duero and the towne of Coimbre won from the Moores Alfonsus the first his victorious son the first king the townes of Lisbona Leira Santaren Sintra in a manner the rest of the kingdome Algarve excepted taken from the same enemy Sanctius the first the towne of Silvis Alfonsus the second Alcaçar Alfonsus the third the rest of Algarve by conquest from the Infidell and by his marriage with Beatrix base daughter to Alfonsus the tenth K. of Castille the whole extent of the kingdome of Portugall Afterwards Spaine being cleered from the Moores the princes hereof wanting other honourable just wars and meanes of further enlarging their dominions discovering towards the South East made themselues Lords the Canary Ilands excepted belonging to the Crowne of Castille of the whole sea-coasts of Afrique Brasil and Asia extended betwixt the Straights of Gibraltar Magellan the Promontories of Good Hope Malaca planted with their colonies people Henry Cardinall Arch-bishop of Evora the last king deceasing without heires the country was subdued by Philip the second K. of Castille and vnited with the rest of Spaine pretending right herevnto from his mother Isabel daughter to K. Emanuel The Princes follow Henry son to Guy Earle of Vernol son to Reginald Earle of Burgundy created first Earle of Portugall in the yeare 1090 by Alfonsus the first K. of Castille Leon. He added the townes of Lamego Viseo and Coimbre beyond the riuer of Duero Alfonsus the first son to Henry Therasia Having vanquished the Moores in a great battaill fought at Ourique in the yeare 1139 hee tooke vpon him the title of king confirmed afterwards vnto him for a certaine tribute by Pope Alexander the fourth continued in his successours He subdued the great city of Lisbona with the rest of the country vnto Algarve Hauing raigned about 72 yeares he deceased in the yeare 1184. Sanctius the first king of Portugal son to Alfonsus the first Alfonsus the second son to Sanctius the first Sanctius the second son to Alfonsus the second He deceased without heires Alfonsus the third brother to Sanctius the second Casting of his former wife Maude Countesse of Boloigne notwithstanding that he had issue by her marrying vnto Beatrix base daughter to Alfonsus the tenth king of Castille and Leon he had giuen vnto him by way of dowry the kingdome of Algarve to be held vnder the fief of Castille which right was remitted afterwards by Alfonsus of Castille in favour of his Nephew Dionysius He won from the Moores the towne of Faro all other places they held in Algarve extending by this meanes the accompt of Portugall Southwards vnto the Ocean Since this Prince the kings of Portugal alwaies haue bin stiled kings of the Algarves Dionysiê° king of Portugal of the Algarves son to Alfonsus the third Beatrix He fouÌ„ded the Vniversity of Coimbre instituted the military order of Christ. Alfonsus the fourth son to Dionysius Peter son to Alfonsus the fourth At this time raigned three Peters in Spaine all noted for their tyranny and cruelty who were this Prince Peter King of Castille and Peter the fourth King of Aragon Ferdinand son to Peter He died without heires male Iohn the first naturall son to Peter by Therasia Gallega his concubine after the decease of Ferdinand elected King of the Portugals in the yeare 1383. Edward son to Iohn the first and Philippa daughter to Iohn of Gaunt duke of Lancaster Alfonsus the fift son to Edward Warring vpon the Moores in Afrique he tooke from them the towns of Tangier Arzilla and Alcaçar Iohn the second son to Alfonsus the fift Vnder this Prince to the great honour of the Nation begun first the happy discoueries of the Portugals in the Atlantique and Aethiopique Oceans the Westerne shore of Afrique coasted a supposed inhabitable Torride Zone found inhabited populous nations to dwell in the Southerne Hemispheare not beleeued by the Auncients and the vnknowne Continent of the World and Afrique to end to the South in a promontory or wedge of land shewing a passage to the Indies the East for this cause named by the Portugals the Cape of Good Hope He deceased in the yeare 1495. Emmanuel king of Portugal and the Algarves son to Ferdinand Duke of Viseo son to king Edward In the Golden dayes of this Prince the discoueries
Tortosa a Bishops See seated vpon the river Ebro Dertosa of Ptolemy Antoninus Dertossa of Strabo a Roman colonie Taragona vpon the Mediterranean some mile vpon the East of the river Francolino Tarracon of Strabo Ptolemy and Tarraco of Pliny Mela and Solinus a colony of the Romans founded by the two brethren Cn and Publius Scipio during the second Punique warre and afterwards made their chiefe towne and giuing the name vnto the Province Tarraconensis It is now an Archbishops See contayning two miles in compasse and about 700 families or housholds Lerida Ilerda of Strabo Ptolemy Lucan and Antoninus vpon the river Segre a Bishops See and Vniversity Vich a Bishops See Ausa of Ptolemy naming the Authetani of the same Authour and the Ausetani of Pliny Vrgel Erga of Ptolemy seated vnder the Pyrenaean Mountaines Barcelona Barcinon of Ptolemy Barchino of Mela and Barcino of Pliny Antoninus a Roman colonie surnamed Faventia by Pliny situated vpon the sea Mediterranean betwixt the riuers Besons and Lobregat Won from the Moores by Lewes the Godly sonne to the Emperour Charles the great it became the chiefe city of the famous Earledome thus named wherevnto in continuance of time accrewed the whole Catalonia held first vnder the subjection and soveraignty of the Frenchmen afterwards commaunded by free princes and lastly by Raimund the fift marrying vnto Petronilla inheritresse of Aragon vnited with that kingdome It is now a rich noted port a Bishops See and the seate of the Vice-roy and Inquisition for this province the place where ordinarily embarque the Spanish souldiers bound for the Levant Iles and Italy as for the Netherlands by the way hereof and of the Alpes and Germany The towne is large beautified with stately buildings both private and publique the streets faire and open the wals whole and entire with wide deepe ditches The countrey about it is pleasant but not so fruitfull Heere great store of ships are made both for warre burthen Neere herevnto vpon the right shore of the riuer Lobregat ariseth the pleasant mountaine called Mon-serrato stuck full of Anchorets Cels honoured with a much frequented chappell and image of the blessed Virgin whose ravishing description reade in L. Nonius Blanes Blanda of Ptolemy Mela and Blandae of Pliny vpon the Mediterranean at the mouth of the river Tardera Ampurias Emporium of Strabo and Emporiae of Ptolemy Pliny founded by the Massilians and afterwards made a Roman colony seated vpon the Mediterranean The towne is now poore base affording onely a safe harbour roade for ships Girona Girunda of Ptolemy Antoninus a Bishops See situated at the meetings of the litle rivers Ter Onhar The towne is litle but hansomly built and well traded Vpon the same Sea-coast vnder the Pyrenaean mountaines is Rosas Rhoda of Ptolemy and Rhodope of Strabo founded by the Emporitanes or Rhodians now a meane obscure village Further vp lyeth Cabo de Creux Veneris Templum of Ptolemy a promontory of the Mediterranean the furthest point Eastwards of Catalonia The people more aunciently inhabiting Catalonia were the Authetani or Ausetani Indigeti Laeetani Cosetani with part of the Ilercaones and Iaccetani of Ptolemy and other auncient authours THE LAND OF RVSSILLON INcluded betwixt two branches of the Pyrenaean Mountaines beginning at the mountaine Cano and the one extended to Colibre and towards Cabo de Creux the other vnto Salsas having vpon the North the maine ridge of the Mountaines Pyrenaean vpon the West Catalonia vpon the East Languedoc in France and vpon the South the sea Mediterranean from Cabo de Creux vnto the castle of Salsas Places here of note are Colibre Illiberis of Ptolemy commendable onely for its antiquity now an ignoble village affording notwithstanding a safe and commodious harbour for ships Helna a Bishops See vpon the river Techo Salsas Salsulae of Strabo a strong castle frontiring vpon Languedoc France the fortresse bulwarke of Spaine vpon this side The peece after the new best manner of fortification consisteth of many severall wards distinguished a part with wide and deepe ditches having bridges over them and made defensible as together so one against another Perpignian the onely towne here of importance seated in a pleasant plaine vpon the river Thelis a rich and flourishing Emporie and a strong hold against the French to whose injurie in time of warre it is still exposed built in the yeare 1068 by Guinard Earle of Russillon Some halfe a Spanish league from hence where is the Castle of Russillon sometimes stood Ruscino Latinorum of Pliny giving the name to the countrey The Kings of Spaine hold in right of the Crowne of Aragon the Ilands Mallorça Menorça Sardinia and Sicily and in the continent the kingdome of Naples in Italy THE ILANDS OF SPAINE They partly lie within the Straights of Gibraltar in the sea Mediterranean and partly without in the maine Ocean IN THE MEDITERRANEAN THose in the Mediterranean are Mallorça Menorça Formentera and Yvica besides some lesser MALLORCA Lying against the countrey of Valentia and contayning in circuite about 300 miles and in breadth and length which differ not much some 100 miles The inhabitants are reckoned at some 30000 of all sorts The land towards the sea is mountainous within more plaine fruitfull yeelding sufficient store of corne wine oile and fruites Mallorça is the onely towne of note so named from the Iland a litle Vniversity the countrey of Raimundus Lullius MENORCA IT is lesse in quantity then the other from whence it hath had the distinction name It differeth not much from it in quality saving that it is better stored with beeues and cattaile The chiefe towne is Menorça called as is the Iland Mago of Ptolemy Here is likewise Cittadella Iama of the same authour These two Ilands were the famous Baleares Gymnasiae of Strabo the auncients whose inhabitants were renowned for their skill and vse of slings their proper armes trained vp herevnto from their childhood the first inventors of them occasioning the name hereof whereof we find much mention in the warres of the Carthaginians and Romans They obeyed for the most part the same Lords with the Continent Vnder the Moores they became a particular kingdome as they continued for a time vnder the Christians of the house of Aragon They belong now to the Crowne of Aragon YVICA AND FORMENTERA DIvided asunder by a narrow creeke of sea and situated betwixt the Baleares and the Promontory Ferraria of the countrey of Valentia the former contayning one hundred miles in circuite the other about seaventy In Yvica called Ebusus by Ptolemy and Strabo great store of salt is made It yeeldeth no venimous creatures The chiefe Towne is of the same name with the Iland Formentera is named Ophiusa in the same authours from the great number of Serpents and venemous