that Pompey had subdued all Sertorius captains and at last Sertorius himselfe he tooke king Iarbas who fought on Domitius side one of Sertorius captaines and brought him prisoner to Rome in his triumph So that within fortie dayes Pompey ouercame all the Marians which tooke Marius part which were enemies to Sylla subdued Affrike and established all the affaires of all the kings and kingdomes of all that country that Sylla named him Pompey the great Yet Sylla sawe Pompeys greatnesse growe on so fast that he went about to hinder Pompeys triumphes which Pompey spake to Syllas face that men honour more the sunne rising then the sunne setting Pompey hauing bene neither Praetor Consul or Senator had his triumph granted him against the lawe when he was but 24. yeares of age Pompey gaue an other ouerthrow to Sertorius captaines at a set battel hard by the citie of Valentia slew ten thousand men of Sertorius souldiers and at that battell Pompey slew Herennius and Perpenna both notable souldiers and Sertorius Lieftenants and so obtained the victorie and ended all this warre for the most part of Sertorius captaines were slaine in the field at that battell Yet had Pompey his hands full with Sertorius at the battell of Lauron a noble and valiant captaine on Marius side and one that galled Pompey more then all the rest for Pompey could do no good though hee sawe the citie of Lauron burnt before his face where Sertorius shewed himselfe a most skilfull and valiant captaine In like sort at the battell hard by the Riuer Sucron Pompey had his hands full with Sertorius where Pompey was forced to take his horse and driuen from his horse to flye and in his flight to forsake his horse to take his feete and to leaue his horse for a pray to Sertorius Affricans souldiers being so rich a spoile to stay the enemies who fought for the horse and let Pompey goe The Gaules hauing a great battell to fight with Attalus king of Asia deliuered all their gold and siluer to be kept that if they were driuen to flye they should scatter the gold and siluer vpon the way that by staying the enemies to gather vp the gold siluer so dispersed they themselues might escape The like stratagem vsed Mithridates king of Pontus to saue himselfe who fled from the enemies that followed hard after him who left a Mule laden with golde and siluer a bootie which Mithridates knew would please the Romanes to stay them and to saue himselfe from Lucullus souldiers So did Triphon king of Syria to escape from king Antiochus horsemen scattered money euery where on the way to stay Antiochus souldiers that Triphon might escape so did Alaricus king of the Goates and others saue themselues by the like policies Fewe great captaines hardly escaped with their liues from diuers dangers and perils Sylla hardly escaped from Telesinus at the battell of Antemna and Caesar himselfe after he had lost 32. Ensignes a thousand of his best souldiers escaped hardly the hand of Pompey at Dirachium and after in the battell at Munda in Affrica from the Pompeyans CHAP. V. Of Pirrhus warre against the Romanes of diuers stratagems of the marchings of diuers nations of the ouerthrow of Torquine last king ouer the Romanes of the praise of Porsenna and Mutius Scaeuola PIrrhus the great captaine in the battell hard by the riuer Siris after he had giuen to Leuinus the Consull a great ouerthrow before and made vp a trophey in the temple at Tarentum to Iupiter yeelding thanks for his victories being demaunded of the Tarentines to haue one battell more with the Romanes sith he had subdued the Romanes in two battels before he answered If I stay to giue the third battell to the Romanes I shal haue neuer a souldier to return from Italy to Epyre. Thus Pompey vnder Sylla Sylla vnder Marius Marius vnder Scypio and Scypio vnder his father whom hee rescued in the battell at Canne from the Affricans as Alexander the great rescued his father Philip at the battell at Cheronea being but eighteene yeares of age as Scypio was when he rescued his father at Canne While Pompey flourished in Rome after Syllas death that all the Romane Empire rung out Pompeys fame Caesar practised among the Gaules his secret ambitiō which was such that he went as a Romane captain with his army far from Rome to practise his stratagems where he conquered the Gaules with the weapons of the Romanes and wonne the Romanes with money of the Gaules fewe in Rome knew this but such as he fed with money in Rome to be his friends Hence grew the malice and enuie betwneene Pompey and Caesar for Pompey could not abide his equall in Rome nor Caesar his superiour Caesar was suspected to be confederate with Cateline in his conspiracie not onely to ouerthrow the state of the Common-wealth but also to destroy the whole Empire of Rome for the which cause Cato and Piso fell out with Cicero for that hee then beeing Consull had not bewrayed Caesar when Cicero well might haue done it for many sawe the greatnesse of Caesar farre from Rome before hee came to Rome they sawe his courage and minde to bee inuincible his martiall skill to bee singular that such was his conquests ouer the Gaules in tenne yeares that hee tooke aboue eight hundred Townes and hauing such an infinite number of enemies of thirtie hundred thousand souldiers Gaules Germaines Teutons and diuers others he slew of them at seuerall times aboue tenne hundred thousand So that Caesars praise his warres his battels his victories and conquests had excelled all the strongest kings and princes of Europe had he not onely shewed himselfe an enemie to his Countrey in the battell at Pharsalia where Pompey the great the Senators and the most part of the noble men of Rome were slain ouerthrowne and taken Had Caesar bene in the time of Hanibal of whom Scypio demanded who had bene and were the greatest captaines of the world to whom he answered Alexander was the first Pirrhus the second and Hanibal himselfe the third Then Scypio demaunded of Hanibal what if Hanibal had subdued Scypio Hee aunswered that then Hanibal should not haue bene the second nor the third but the first For what Pirrhus could not bring to passe in foure yeares nor Hannibal in seuēteen yeares that could Caesar bring to passe within threescore dayes he was Lord of all Italy Emperour of Rome and conquerour of all the Romane Empire and therefore worthily to be preferred before Pirrhus or Hannibal had he spared his countrey Such was the celeritie of Caesars victories ouer Pharnaces king of Pontus at the battell by the citie of Zela that hee wrote but three words to his friend Anitus to Rome from Pontus Veni vidi vici Againe he tooke three campes in one day and slue fiftie thousand of his enemies and lost but fiftie of his
reioyced in his great victorie ouer Darius at Arbela and his conquests ouer kingdomes and countries had hee knowne hee should haue bene poysoned in Babilon Caesar had neuer taken the ciuill warres in hand against Pompey the great had hee knowne that hee should haue beene murthered before Pompeys Image in Rome Priamus had hee knowne the slaughter of himselfe his wife his children the last destructiō of Troy his citie had not resisted the Greeks nor denied their lawfull request in restoring Helen and therefore saide Cicero Multò melius est nescire futura quam scire Ignorance is better then knowledge of thinges to come but these had no Ephod no Vrim Thummim nor prophet to tel them of things to come as Ioshua Dauid Gedeon and others had and yet Alexander had his soothsayer Aristander Caesar had Spurina Priamus was warned by his daughter Cassandra but euer when they escaped one danger they fell into another as Iob said Fugiet impius armaferrca irruet in arcum aereum So superstitious grew the Gentils with such abhominable Idolatry that in Persia by a cock in Egipt by a bull in Aethiope by a dog they tooke soothsaying in Beotia by a beech tree in Epyre by an oake in Delos by a dragō in Lycia by a wolfe in Ammon by a ramme they receiued their oracles as their warrant to commence any warre to enter any battell or to attempt any enterprise And therfore Alexander the great went to the oracle at Ammon to know the successe of his warres in India And Licurgus went to Delphos to be instructed to make lawes in in Sparta Some went to the graue of Amphiraus sacrificed a Ramme and couered the graue of Amphiraus with that Ramme skinne and sleeping vpon the same skinne all night all things should be shewed to them by oracles But to such men as come to dead mens graues to seek helpe might be spoken that which Semyramis spake to Darius king of Persia. For Semyramis had written vpon her graue that what Prince soeuer had wanted money or golde should open her tombe and be satisfied Darius being greedie of money opened her tombe and found this sentence written vpon a table O couetous wretch vnlesse thou hadst bin an vnsatiable Prince thou wouldst neuer haue opened the graue of the dead for money The like was spokē to Xerxes that opened Belus graue and found nothing but an emptie glasse with this writing on a pillar If any would open Belus graue and not fill the emptie glasse with oyle he should be vnfortunate Which being read of Xerxes he willed straight to fil the glasse with oyle which would hold oyle no more then Belides buckets held water Xerxes departed sad therefore imagining some ill lucke to come thereby as within a while after it came to passe that he was slaine in his owne pallace at Persepolis by Artabanus The Prophets of the Lorde Esai Ieremy and the rest tooke no oracles from flying of fowles from starres and such but from the mouth of the Lord saying Thus saith the Lorde giuing more certaine oracles to the Israelites then the Persians Egiptians and Grecians had by Swallowes Rauens Eagles and Cockes The Prophet Dauids manner was when he went to any battell to know of the Lord whether hee should goe or no against the Philistines Canaanites and other enemies of the Lord. So the Israelites would take no warre in hand against the Beniamites before they asked counsell of the Lord. When the Moabites denied Ioshua and his army passage through the land Ioshua was commaunded by Moses to muster a thousand of euery Tribe and to giue them battell For it was lawfull in iust warres to vse any policies stratagems and snares against the enemie as Abraham did in rescuing Lot made after the foure kings fought with them ouerthrew them and brought Lot backe againe to his owne house where he dwelt in Zodom And so Gedeon did to the men of Sucoth and to the men of Phanuel for that they denied to giue some bread to relieue his three hundred faintie souldiers at his returne from the victorie hee tare the flesh of threescore and seuenteene Elders and chiefe men of Sucoth with briers and thornes and brake downe the Tower of Phanuel and slew the men of the Towne according to his promise before tolde But let vs returne to the oracles and soothsayings aswell of the Gentiles as of the Iewes The Athenians in euery publike counsell that they tooke in hand without their Priests called Mantes were present in place to sacrifice and to offer oblations vnto their Idols nothing should be done among the Athenians Among the Lacedemonians in like manner the authoritie of soothsaying was such that in all consultations among the Senators they would conclude vpon nothing in matters of doubts without warrant frō their soothsayers The credite and existimation of soothsayers was such among the Romanes that they could dispossesse any Senator from the Senate any Consull or Praetor from their offices as is said before for the soothsayers were called in Rome Nuntij interpetres Iouis the messengers of Iupiter and his interpreters So the latter Iewes serued and sacrificed to the Idols of the Gentiles neither would they attempt any thing without oracles from Chemosh the Idoll of the Moabites from Nesroch the Idoll of the Assyrians and from Dagan the Idoll of the Philistines yet Senacherib was slaine praying in the Temple before his owne god Nesroch by his owne sonnes and the fiue Lords of the Philistines at the great feast which they made to their god Dagon were slaine by the fall of the house where they feasted Yet Israel would take no example thereby but forgat the lawe of the Lord which they obeyed vnder Ioshuah Iudah Gedeon and others but they would haue new kings new lawes to gouerne them an other forme of a common-wealth then the Lord had appointed and a new kinde of religion to serue straunge gods otherwise then the Lord had commanded them and to seeke helpe and aide of other nations which the Lord forbad them saying The strength of Pharao shall bee your shame and your trust to the shadowe of Egipt shall deceiue you neither the gods whom you serue shall saue you neither the nations whom you trust vnto shall defend you As the Ethnikes vsed dreames lots prophesies oracles soothsayings and charmes to instruct them in their warres so Nabuchodonozer consulted with his oracles asked counsel of the soothsayers and obserued the liuer of a beast for the destruction of Ierusalem but they are cursed in Gods booke that would vse sorcery or seeke helpe by any other meanes then by the Lord for what haue the faithfull to do with Infidels which were forbidden to goe to Iupiter at Hammon or to Appollo at Delphos where the Gentiles came to offer gold pearles iewels chaines crownes shields targets and Images to hang there in the temple of Appollo that
lawes So the best deserued men in Rome as Corilianus that saued the citie of Rome Scypio Affrican that brought Carthage and Numantia into Rome Metellus and diuers others of the best Romanes were banished by proclamation and sound of a trumpet out of Rome and yet Corilianus being so vniustly banished frō Rome to the Volscians at the request and teares of his mother Veturia and of his wife Volumnia hee refused to fight against the Romanes being Generall of the Volscians therfore was slaine of the Volscians in the Citie Curiolis which Corilianus before time wonne to the Romanes at what time he was named Corilianus after the name of the citie Curiolis as all Romane captaines were that wonne townes countries or cities thus sparing to destroy his vngratefull countrey Corilianus lost his life therfore by the Volscians he might well haue said as Scypio Affrican said at Linternum after he was banished Ingrata patria non habebis ossa mea Oh vngratefull countrey thou shalt not possesse my bones Themistocles also being banished by the law of Ostracysmus from Athens went to dwell in Argos from Argos he was faine to flye to Corphu from thence to Asia for the king of Persia offered two hundred talents to him that would bring him Themistocles for that Themistocles was the onely enemie that destroyed so many Persians in Greece But Themistocles vnderstanding of the kings intention for he supposed it the surest way to auoid the kings wrath and to saue his owne life to goe and yeeld himselfe vnto the king of Persia where he was so accepted that he had three great cities for his entertainment and grew in such great fauour with the king that the princes and nobles of Persia so enuied him that they sought by all meanes to destroy him But when Themistocles was required by the king to lead a Persian army against the Greekes according to his oath he thought that fact vnworthy of the name of Themistocles to beare armes against his countrey men the Greekes though he was banished from Greece but resolued to die like a true Greeke reseruing his loue to his country and his oath to the Persians least he should by any meanes seeme to hinder the victories and triumphes of Cymon at that time general of the Grecians or seeme any way to staine himselfe with a trecherous name against his countrey after secret conference with his friends whom he feasted and sacrifice done to his gods Themistocles died in Magnetia as Cleomenes did in Egipt in the citie of Alexandria which when Cleomenes sawe he could not escape the kings hand to whom hee bare mortall hatred after much slaughter within the towne Cleomenes exhorted the rest of the Greekes being his company which were but thirtie in number to die like men by their owne hands and not by the enemie saying Let not fortune triumph ouer fortitude Thus Cleomenes perswaded his company to dye like noble Spartans which they performed for they slew themselues one after an other by their owne handes And thus after Cleomenes had raigned sixteene yeares king of Sparta dyed as you haue heard in the Cittie of Alexandria in Egipt as Themistocles dyed in Magnetia CHAP. X. Of the comparison betweene the noble and wise Captaines of both the Romanes and the Grecians of their sundrie military kindes of triumphes and watchwords of Generals in their warres PLutarch therefore compareth the state and liues of the Romans with the Grecians and matcheth them as well in likenesse and qualities of nature as also for their qualities of fortune for their victories for their triumphes and for their benefites done to their country therfore compareth Agesilaus king of the Lacedemonians to Pompey the great Consul of Rome though Plutarch preferreth his country man the Grecian for his skill martial knowledge yet was he forced to aduance Pompey for his victories and conquests which was compared to Alexander the great for his victories ouer the three parts of the world Asia Europe and Affrica Pelopidas compared to Marcellus for theyr courage and prowesse for that the Thaebans called Pelopidas the arme of Thaebes for that Marcellus was called of the Romaines the sword of Rome both of equall fortune both of great prowesse courage yet without aduertisement rashly and wilfully ouerthrew themselues both alike Pericles was compared to Fabius Max. for his graue gouernment and wisedome the one called the hand of Athens the other called the target of Rome Fabius Max. for his wisedome that by watching long delaies wearied weakened the force of Hanibal that as the history saith Cunctando rem restituit Of these two noble Romaines Hanibal himselfe was wont to say that Marcellus wearied him and Fabius weakned him Yet Plutarch compareth Fabius life with Pericles The glory of Greece before by Milciades in the battel at Plataea the great good fortune and successe in warres of Cymon his sonne against the Persians the noble triumphes and victories of Myronides the noble valiant acts and exploits of Leocrates the many valiant deeds of Tolmydes made 〈◊〉 name of Pericles to be more famous in Athens at what time Greece was in her greatest glorie and Pericles most flourished who then was surnamed Olympius for his wit great eloquence hauing nine seuerall monuments of triumphs set vp in Greece of his good fortune and yet was Pericles supposed to be the cause of the Peloponesian wars for his great hatred towards the Maegarians was such that all the cities of Greece diuided themselues and held hot ciuill wars 27. yeares The like may be said of Iulins Caesar in Rome The great name and fame of Scypio in vanquishing Hanibal and the Affricans the valiant exploits of Marius ouer the Cymbrians and Teutons the great victories of Sylla ouer Asia and Greece the noble triumphs of Pompey ouer three parts of the world made the fame conquest of Caesar to be the greater for Caesar performed that which Pirrhus said of Italy and Rome that Italians must conquer Italy and Romaines ouercome Rome as Caesar did Next we compare Sylla the Romane with Lysander the Lacedemonian two noble and valiant captaines that the one did what he would in Rome the other did what he listed in Sparta both good and beneficiall to their countreys for their victories which they had against their enemies out of their coūtries but both scorpions that scourged plagued both their countrey and countrey men that Rome and all Italy was plagued by Sylla as Sparta and all Greece was by Lysander Q. Hortensius euer boasted that hee neuer tooke part in any ciuill warres So said Asinius Pollio to Augustus the Emperour being willing to haue him goe with him to the battell at Actium against Marc. Antonius hee answered and refused saying Ero praeda victoris Yet the lawe of Solon in Athens was that he which seperated himselfe and tooke no part in
battels his watch-word was Venus genitrix These were his vsuall watch-words in 52. set battels which he had The Romaine Consul Sylla in all the warres which he had in Asia and in Greece his watch-word was to his souldiers Appollo Cn. Pompeius in all his warres which hee had vnder Sylla in Affrica against Sertorius his watchword was among the Romanes Pietas while yet he was a young man but when his victories and his triumphes grew great ouer Affrica Europe and Asia and that hee was called Pompey the great hee gaue his watch-word to his souldiers according to his greatnesse Inuictus Hercules King Demetrius in diuers warres which he had with many kings and princes after his father king Antigonus dyed hee still vsed one watch-word in all his warres against Zeleucus Pirrhus Lysimachus and Cassander Iupiter Victoria Antiochus surnamed Soter leading a great Armie against the people Galatae his watch-word was Beneualere C. Caligula a beast and not an Emperour gaue accordingly a beastly watch-word to his souldiers Priapus Venus Other Emperours of Rome as Sept. Seuerus a noble captaine gaue his watch-word to his souldiers Laboremus And so Pertinax the Emperour his watchword was Militemus And the good Emperour Antoninus his words was euer to his souldiers Aequanimitas After these comparisons betweene the Romaines and the Greekes in all military discipline it were also fit to compare some of their stratagems As Darius king of Persia to escape the daunger by flight which he was in from the Scythians vsed a stratagem left dogges and asses barking and braying in his tents to deceiue the Scythians which the Scythians supposed by barking braying of dogges and asses to haue found Darius in his tents The like stratagem vsed the Lygurians to escape the hands of the Romanes who bound diuers wilde oxen and buffes to certaine trees to deceiue the Romaines which made such a roaring noise that the Romanes thought therby the Lygurians to be in their campe and in their tents when they escaped secretly away Hannibal being most busie in plaguing Italy Scypio Affrican vsed a stratagem passed with a great Romaine armie to Affricke to drawe Hannibal from Italy who was forced streight to follow after to succour the Carthaginians The like pollicie vsed Themistocles to drawe the armie of Xerxes from the land into a sea battell knowing the Athenians farre vnable to answere Xerxes armie on land sent all the wiues children from Athens to Troxaena and to other cities of Greece and left Athens emptie The Persians hearing that Themistocles left Athens followed hard after him whereby Themistocles by this stratagem got a noble victorie ouer the Persians at Salamina Cities besieged suffered as though they were ready to yeeld and where they found the enemies so carelesse that they expected nothing but yeelding they sodenly issued out with great fury and ouerthrew theyr enemies So did Furius the Consull so did Caesar with the like stratageme so did Labienus So doth Sathan when he findes men without watching and praying liuing slothfull and carelesse and as men suppose in securitie then Sathan vseth this stratagem finding them vnarmed without spirituall weapons ouerthrowes them takes them and brings them as prisoners captiues to his tents CHAP. XI Of two ouerthrowes of the Romanes by the Parthians and by the Cymbrians and their Generall Crassus slaine Of diuers other battels both of the Romanes and the Greekes and of many Libraries destroyed by warres THe Romainas flourished at that time with victories and triumphes ouer all nations yet had some of the best of them many shamefull ouerthrowes as Mar. Crassus a noble Romane equall in force and power to Caesar or to Pompey after many great victories was among the Barbarians and Parthians ouerthrowne by Carres a famous citie in Mesopotamia and the more famous for that Abraham dwelt there at what time many noble captaines slue themselues for verie shame and sorrowe after their Generall Crassus his sonne were slaine by Surena Lieutenant of the Parthians This Surena was the second person next the king in Parthia his greatnesse was such that he had a thousand camels to carry his sumpters a thousand men of arm◅s armed two hundred Coaches of Curtizans that his whole traine made aboue tenne thousand horse Censorius Octauius Petronius and diuers other Romaine Gentlemen slue themselues and Surena after he strake off Pub. Crassus head the sonne and sent him to the king his maister in the very selfe same day was slain also Crassus the father In this battell twentie thousand Romains were slain and ten thousand taken prisoners for he had seuen legions in his army of footemen and after that Surena had bathed Crassus head in blood and had melted golde into his mouth to the great reproach of the Romanes he sent both the heads of Crassus his sonne to Horodes king of Parthia at which time the king of Parthia and his nobles laughed and scorned the other captiue Romanes making rimes verses and enterludes of both Crassus heads This ouerthrow was one of the most ignominious that euer the Romaines had sauing the ouerthrow of Valerianus the Emperour by Pazaites the Turke whose army was quite ouerthrowne and himselfe taken prisoner and vsed as a block for the Turke to goe on horse And another ouerhthrow which the Romaines had by the Cymbrians Teutōs by the riuer of Roan where C. Manilius Q. Scaepio were Generalls of the Romaine armies had such an ouerthrow that of foure score thousand Romanes and of their associats scant ten escaped with their liues away the newes thereof made Rome so to quake and the Senators to feare that they were so amazed so terrified as they were at their ouerthrow at the battel at Canne but Cai. Marius fully reuenged and requited vpon the Cymbrians at the riuer Xextus the ouerthrow of the Romaines with such a victory ouer the Cymbrians that neither man woman nor childe escaped In like sort was M. Crassus reuenged vpon the Parthians by Pub. Ventidius vice-Consull vnder Mar. Antonius hauing done great exployts in subduing the inhabitants about mount Taurus and also hauing wonne diuers victories ouer the Parthians a stout and hardie Nation whom the Romanes plagued sundrie times in reuenge of Mar. Crassus death which was the third man of reputation in Rome Pub. Ventidius was suffered to haue both the triumphes vnder Mar. Antonius who chiefly at that time was Generall of the Romane Army appointed by the Senators and people of Rome But Ventidius better deserued to haue this triumphe then Mar. Antonius who began to esteeme and attend Cleopatra more then his Romane Army Ventidius wonne more victories ouer the Parthians then any Romane Captaine else did and yet the Romaines had eighteene pitcht battells against the Parthians for the Parthians had eighteene kingdomes vnder them These were stout Nations and called theyr king king of kings as the Persians called their kings the great kings and the
Phrygians called their kings the greatest kings which the Romane Consulls could endure no great names but themselues as Sylla Lucullus and Pompey tooke the best hand either going riding or sitting of any king in Asia Augustus Caesar also reuenged on the Parthians Crassus death and brought againe to Rome all the Romaine Ensignes and all that Crassus lost in Parthia sauing Crassus himselfe his sonne and the Romans that died there The Greekes in like sort as the Romanes after they had giuen diuers ouerthrowes and gotten many great victories ouer the Persians as at the battell at Artemisium at the battell of Salamina and at the battell of Marathon where the Athenians wonne a famous victorie ouer the Persians who were ledde vnder Pisistratus a banished man out of Athens not like Themistocles who refused to fight but like himselfe a tirants sonne though a Greeke borne yet hee presented himselfe to Darius Hisdaspis king of Persia to lead his army into Greece his countrey where he was slaine and two hundred thousand Persians at the battell at Marathon by the Athenians for his welcome home who were conducted vnder Milciades and Callimachus two noble Captaines In this warre flourished Themistocles a young man and was as much commended by the Athenians for his prowesse and courage beeing so young as Alexander the great was in the battell at Cheronea or Scypio Affrican at the battell at Ticinum This young Themistocles was wont to say in his youth that he could not sleepe in his bed for the sound and report of Milciades triumphes The Greekes hauing so many victories and such good successe in theyr owne countreys ouer the Persians and others were as greedie as the Romanes were to win other countries the Greekes had the like lucke with the Syracusans as Mar. Crassus had with the Parthians who in both the battels at Syracusa the one by land the other by sea were ouerthrowne by the Syracusans by the rashnesse of Demosthenes who was Generall with Niceas in this voyage beeing maliciously counselled by Alcibiades to commence warre against the Syracusans but after these victories which the Syracusans hadde ouer the Athenians at the Riuer Asinanius where was the most cruell slaughter of the poore wretches the Athenians euen as they were a drinking vntill Niceas fell downe flat at Gilippus feete and yeelded himselfe Demosthenes beeing taken prisoner before not Demosthenes the Orator but an other Captaine in Athens of that name and hauing taken the residue of the Captaines vnslaine brought them together in troupes first vnarmed thē taking their weapons frō thē hung thē vp as tropheys vpō the goodliest young trees that grew by the Riuers side in token of triumph then they put on triumphing garlands on theyr heads hauing trimmed the horses in triumphant manner leading all the horses of the enemies shauen with some of the best captaines in chaines entered into the Citie of Syracusa with great pompe and after they had put all the Athenian captaines to death and had imprisoned the best and solde the slaues and poore wretches as bondmen and burned them in the forehead with the print of a horse The Syracusans decreed a feast for euer to bee celebrated in memorie of the Athenians in Syracusa called Asinarus after the name of the Riuer where the victorie was gotten by the counsell of Euricles the Orator with sacrifice to their goddes Niceas and Demosthenes both Generalls of the Athenians killed themselues by a word sent to them by Hermocrates to auoyd the furious crueltie of the Syracusans Yet the Syracusans did not so much annoy the Athenians as the Lacedemonians did theyr neighbours and countrey men in the great battell at the Riuer of Gotes where the Athenians were so ouerthrowne and the citie of Athens it selfe was destroyed vnto the verie ground by Lysander After Lysander had destroyed Athens Antipater king of Macedonia at the battell at Cranon which was the vtter destruction of the Greekes the rather for that Philip king of Macedonia before had giuen a great ouerthrowe to the Greekes in the battell at Cheronea by the meanes of Demosthenes who would neuer haue the Greekes to yeeld neither to Philip nor to his sonne Alexander the great and though Alexander after his father thought to haue made a full conquest of all Greece and began with Thaebes tooke the citie and rased it to the ground slew sixe thousand Thaebans solde thirtie thousand slaues and spared none but such as were friends and kinsmen to Pindarus the Poet whom Alexander loued no lesse then Augustus loued Arius the Philosopher for whose sake he spared the whole streete in Alexandria where Arius dwelt The miserie of the Thaebans by Alexander brought downe made the Phoceans the Plataeans the Athenians and all Greece to quake for feare of Alexander hee spared Priests and religious people and such as were kin to any of the Macedonian Lords and this did Alexander onely to terrifie Greece and to bring them in subiection without further warre so that the victory of Antipater at the battell of Cranon after that Philip and his sonne Alexander had brought Greece so lowe brake quite the backe of Greece for Antipater so tirannized ouer the Grecians that he spared none especially the Orators by whose meanes onely he knew Greece so long resisted kings Yet neither Philip king of Macedonia with his battell at Cheronea nor Alexander the great with his victory ouer Thaebes neither Antipaters victory at Cranon harmed Greece so much as their ciuill warres which is the ouerthrowe of all Common-wealths and the decay of all states whereof the example you may read Octauius Augustus after he had vanquished Mar. Antonius in their ciuill warres in a battell by sea at Actium from whence Antonius fled into Egipt after Cleopatra where Antonius and Cleopatra ryoting in Alexandria feasting and dauncing for fewe dayes vntill Antonius hearing that Augustus followed him as hee followed Cleopatra dispairing to haue any longer peace with Octauius slew himselfe whom Cleopatra buried and after in short time slew her selfe ouer whom triumphed Ostauius carrying her picture from Egipt in his triumph into Rome as Iu. Caesar his vncle in his ciuil warres betweene him and Pompey carried the pictures of Cato Petronius and others in his triumphes from Affrike vnto Rome at what time the greatest and most famous library of the world was burned which Pio. Philadelphus had prepared and gathered together in Alexandria in Egipt to the number of foure hundred thousand volumes at what time Philadelphus sent to Ierusalem to the high Priest Eleazarus for the Hebrew Bible and for seuentie two learned men to translate it out of the Hebrew into the Greeke tongue which were all burned and destroyed as well in the ciuill warres betweene Iulius Caesar Pampey as in the ciuill warres betweene Mar. Antonius and Augustus Caesar. The like library of Pisistratus in Athens was destroyed by Sylla
the Athenians were for Agesilaus tooke another course thē Themistocles did when he wanted money he went to the confines of Persia to spoile and to plague the Persians for the Persians euer feared the greatnesse of Agesilaus and yet was he but a litle lame man of stature that hee was satisfied with golde and siluer to returne to his countrey that Agesilaus would often iest and say that thirtie thousand Archers did driue him out of Asia which was the Persian coine that was stampt with the print of an Archer with these Archers the Persians caused oftentimes Agesilaus to returne frō Persia into Greece againe The like iest did Gilippus seruant he told the Ephories of Sparta that his maister Gilippus had vnder the roofe of his house more Owles then all Athens for the coine of Athens was stampt with the print of an Owle as the Persians was with the print of an Archer for Gilippus had taken from his maister Lysander much money and hidden them vnder the shield of his house and so by his seruant was in a iest betraied Thus leauing Agesilaus with his Archers and Gilippus seruant with his Owles I will returne to Themistocles to whom Marcellus shall be compared in celeritie of whom Hannibal said that Marcellus could not be quiet neither with good fortune nor bad neither victor nor conuicted Scypio Affrican with such celeritie after he had conquered Hannibal at the battell at Zama soone subdued Carthage Pau. Aemilius with great celeritie subuerted the whole Empire of Macedonia and brought their king Persius and Gentius king of the Illyrians both prisoners vnto Rome in his tryumphe Pompey the great vsed such celeritie that within fortie daies he vanquished all the Pyrates who had a thousand ships on the seas and taken aboue foure hundred townes they robd and spoyld all marchant venturers rifled and destroyed all the Ilands and townes vpon the sea coast and destroyed many Temples they feared no force neither weighed for kings nor subiects and grew so strong that they ruled both land sea without lawe But Pompey had such victory ouer them that after the great slaughter in the battell at the citie Coracesium he tooke twentie thousand persons prisoners and thus in lesse then three moneths Pompey ended and quite vanquished the Pyrates Caesar in all his warres excelled all men in expedition and celeritie in the which he had such wonderfull good successe against Pompey in Pharsalia against his sonne in Affrica against Affranius in Hispaine against Cato in Vtica with such expedition that he became as you read being one that was denied to be Consul to be Perpetuus Dictator and the first Emperour of Rome Clau. Nero the Consul considering that Italy was plagued by Hannibal in Lucania and by Asdrubal his brother in Vmbria made such secret great hast that before Hannibal knew he went out of his campe in Lucania he was in Vmbria and before Asdrubal knew he was in Vmbria he was with his fellow Consul at the battell of Metaurus where Asdrubal was slaine his armie ouerthrowne and his head sent to his brother Hanibal in Lucania so that by one Romane stratagem the two great Romane enemies Hanibal and Asdrubal were ouerthrowne the one slaine at the Riuer Metaurus and the other driuen from Italy into Affrike Celeritie vpon deliberation is most necessarie at all times therefore the chiefe guard about Romulus person were called Celeres for their quicknesse and celeritie in executing Romulus commaundement Dauid king of Iudah had such resolute men called Cerethites about his person readie with such celeritie to effect any thing the king would commaund them that when they heard the king longing for some water out of the well of Bethelem they presently ventured theyr liues through the campe of the enemies and brought water to the king from Bethelem before the king missed them but Dauid sacrificed the water vnto the Lord and would not drinke of it because his men offered theyr liues for it Caleb vsed such expedition after he had viewed and trauelled all the land of Canaan that he returned within fortie dayes to the Hebrew campe with a full resolution perswading Ioshua to take the warres in hand Ehud one of the Iudges of Israel who was wont to say to his souldiers follow mee went fully resolued to Eglon king of Moab an enemie of the Lord and therefore slew him in his chamber Many souldiers of the Lord are resolued through faith to effect many things with celeritie and zeale so Phineas slew Zimri the Israelite Cosbi a Lords daughter of the Madianites for that they offended the Lord in the campe and therfore Phineas thrust them through both with his speare Iehu though a wicked man yet much commended for his resolute zeale for that he ouerthrew Achabs house slew Baals prophets and destroyed Baals temple and his aultars The great kings of the world are resolued to hazard theyr liues to winne fame and glory eyther by parasites or flatterers moued therevnto or by oracles of theyr Idols or by visions and dreames especially as Astiages king of the Meades dreamed that his daughter Mandanes which was Cyrus mother made water that ouerflowed all Asia Astiages dreamed the second time that a vine grew out of his daughters wombe whose braunches couered all Asia therefore hee called all his wise men and soothsayers of his kingdome together to interpret him these two dreames who tolde him that his daughter should haue a sonne that should bee such a king that hee should rule ouer all Asia which made Cyrus so ambitious and proud that he could not be content with all the kingdomes of Asia but must goe to be slaine in Scythia The like dreame sawe Xerxes before his voyage in to Greece that in his dreame hee thought hee sawe an Oliue tree crowned whose boughes and braunches couered the whole earth and withall suddenly vanished away The same Author writeth that Iulius Caesar dreamed that he lay with his mother and by these meanes he was flattered by his soothsayers that hee should subdue the whole earth Euen so Hamilcar Generall of the Carthagineans thought hee heard in his sleepe a voyce that hee should the next night suppe in Syracusa but he was so glad of his speech that he was deceiued of his hope and yet he supt in Syracusa not as a conqueror but as a prisoner but was deceiued as Xerxes was by the hope of his crowned Oliue or as Caesar was by his mother Hannibal after the taking of Saguntum dreamed that Iupiter should call him into councell with the goddes where hee was commaunded to take warres in hand against the Romanes there hee seemed that Iupiter had giuen him a captaine to goe before him euen from the councell house one of the company of the gods and looking behinde him hee thought he sawe a terrible monstrous Serpent which Hannibal in his sleepe asked Iupiter what monster that was
162 The Romaine stratagem against Pirrhus pa. ead Curius Dentat his triumph pa. 163 Pirrhus saying of the Romanes pa. 164 600000. bushels of corne daily spent in Xerxes army pa. 165 Themistocles stratagem against Xerxes pa. 166 Of Romane stratagems pa. 167 The originall of military discipline had frō the Hebrewes pa. 168 Golden girdles giuen by the Hebrewes and the Persians page 169 Of diuers military rewards to encourage souldiers pa. 169. 170 The custome of the Knights of Rome pa. 171 Lucullus named the Romaine Xerxes and Pompey called Agamemnon the great pa. ead Foresight is great wisdome pa. ead Argyraspides Alexanders souldiers pa. 172 The Scythians lawe for souldiers pa. 173 The lawe of Solon for souldiers pa. 174 One hundred and twentie knights buried in the field Adrasteys by Alexander the great pa. ead Of monuments pa. 175 Bethel become Bethauen pa. ead Abraham prouided for the buriall of himselfe his wife and his posteritie pa. 176 The care of the Gentiles for theyr burials pa. ead The honor of the Atheniās to their Generals for victories pa. 177 Themistocles honored of the Grecians pa. 178 Pompey for his victories and triumphes compared to Alexander the great pa. 179 The triumphs of Scypio Lu. Sylla Pau. Aemilius pa. 179. 180 The 3. great combats of Romulus Cossus Marcellus pa. 181 The maner of Sesostris triumph pa. 182 The Greeke and Romane tropheys pa. ead Sicinius Dentat his reward to his souldiers pa. 183 The forme and manner of making of Tribunes pa. 184 Auctyles people of Libia pa. ead Souldiers might not walke in the night time in Athens pa. 115 Mellephori chiefe souldiers of the king of Persia pa. ead Neodomadae among the Lacedemonians and Ianizari among the Turkes pa. 186 Of diuers military punishments pa. 187 The difference betweene Agesilaus and Caesar pa. 189 Stratagems of Agesilaus Antigonus and Epaminondas pa. ead The lawe of Decimation pa. 190 Bochoris lawe in Egipt pa. 191 Coward souldiers punished in Persia pa. ead The punishment of cowards among the people called Daci pa. 192 Tamberlaines iustice and seuerity pa. 193 Comparison of certaine Romaine captaines with the Greekes pa. 195 The force and perswasion of eloquence pa. ead The greatnesse of Demetrius enuied pa. 196 Demetrius picture carried in the triumph of Peplon pa. 197 Epaminondas and Pelopidas commended pa. 198 Philopomen imitated Epaminondas pa. 199 Philopomen greatly commended pa. 200 The victories of Lucullus pa. 201 Stratagems of Hanibal Lysimachus and Marcellus pa. 202 The crueltie of Mithridates against the Romanes pa. 203 The reuenge of Marius ouer the Cymbrians pa. ead Marius seuen times Consul pa. 204 How the Prophets denounced wars to the Iewes to the Gentiles pa. 205 The maner of the Gentiles in proclaiming warres to their enemies pa. 206. 207. 208 The rainebowe a signe that the world should not bee destroyed with water againe pa. 209 The manner and ceremonies of all nations in concluding of peace pa. 210. 211. and 212 The manner of yeelding among all nations pa. 213. 214. 215 A souldier to loose his target was death in Greece pa. 215 The saying of the women of Sparta concerning cowardly souldiers pa. 216 Shieldes much esteemed among the Romaines and the Grecians pa. ead The victorie of the Grecians ouer the Persians at Plataea pa. 217 The funerall ceremonies for those captains that dyed in the battell at Plataea pa. 218 A feast of the Iewes called Purim pa. 219 The victories of the Grecians ouer the Persians at Salamina and Artemisium pa. 220. 221 Many straunge signes and apparitions in the ayre pa. 222. 223 Signes seene before the destruction of Ierusalem pa. 224. 225 The last ouerthrowe of Ierusalem by Titus and Uespasian pa. 226 Diuers faigned themselues to bee the Messias pa. 227 The Rabins slain at the siege of Ierusalem pa. 228 Ierusalem destroyed fiue times pa. ead The saying of Dio. Areopagita and Appollonius of the Eclipse of the Sunne pa. 229 100000. Talent's left by Dauid to Salomon to build the temple pa. 231 Heathen kings fauoured the Iewes pa. 232. 233 Aristobulus first King of the Iewes after their captiuitie pa. 234 Affliction of the Iewes pa. 235 Zedechiah taken captiue pa. 236 The contents of the third Booke NO mercenarie souldiers allowed by the Romains nor the Persians page 237 Of the care of kingdomes and countreys in military discipline pa. 238 Alexander his lawes and exercise for his souldiers pa. 239 Massinissas hardinesse in marching pa. ead Fabius Max. diligence to his souldiers pa. 240 Bochoris military lawes page ead Full fed souldiers punished by the Romanes pa. 241 Agesilaus military discipline pa. ead The exercise of Eumenes to his souldiers pa. 242 Military punishment recited by Modestinus pa. 243 Lawes of Plato and others against wine drinkers pa 244 The warres at Numantia pa. 245 Cyrus discipline to his souldiers pa. ead Diuers kindes of martiall punishments pa. 246 Prouinciall regiments of the Romanes pa. 247 Diuision betweene the successors of Alexander pa. 248 Liberties and freedomes allowed by the Romanes pa. ead Romane Magistrates gouerned in Asia and in Affrica pa. 299 Ambition in Rome and in Athens pa. 250 Sertorius white hinde pa. 251 Marius carried Martha his Scythian soothsayer pa. 252 The pollicie of Scypio to his souldiers pa. ead Israel consulted with Idolatrous oracles pa. 253 Pennall lawes in Sparta pa. 254 How the Lacedemonians march to theyr warres pa. ead The manner and habit of all nations in going to theyr warres pa. 256 Of military oathes ministred vnto souldiers in diuers countreys pa. ead Oathes of the Romanes and of the Grecians pa. 257 Asdrubals head sent to Haniball his brother pa. 258 The ouerthrow of Haniball at the battell of Zama pa. 259 Three bushels of golde Rings sent by Haniball to the Senators of Carthage pa. 261 The ouerthrowe of Antiochus the great at the battell of Magnesia pa ead The saying of Antigonus and of Pirrhus pa. ead The burning of Carthage pa. 263 Marius seuen times Consul pa. ead Ciuill warres betweene Marius and Sylla pa. 264 The diuers victories of Pompey the great pa. 265 Stratagems of great Captaines that saued themselues by flight pa. 266 Scypios questions with Haniball pa. 268 Caesars celerity in his victories pa. 269 Epaminondas and Scypios stratagems pa. ead Caesar was in 52. pitcht and set fields pa. 270 No triumphes in ciuill warres at Rome pa. ead The battell betweene Torquine and Publicola page 271 The first funerall sermon in Rome pa. ead The noble act of Mu. Scaeuola and Horatius Cocles pa. 272 Torquinus the proud driuen out of Rome pa. ead The marching of the Scythians Saracens and Turkes pa. 273 The marching of the kings of Israell pa. 274 Arebellious vowe of Absolon pa. 276 The vowes of the Israelites pa. ead The vowes of the Romanes pa. 277. 278 The vowes of the Athenians to Aeolus pa. ead Of diuers seuerall vowes pa. 279. 280 Stratagems of Satan pa. ead Philos speech of
that day the feast of the Lorde was kept the virgins of Siloth came abroad to daunce to sing and to play the Beniamites caught the maides of Siloth to the number of 200. and brought them to the land of Beniamin So the abuse of one woman the Leuites wife by the Beniamite cost sixtie foure thousand mens liues and more in Israel For by the taking away of Viriahs wife by Dauid Israel was plagued with the death of seuentie thousand men and the taking away of Menelaus wife from Greece cost the liues of many millions of men and the warres of tenne yeares betweene the Greekes and the Troians And for that the time of the taking away of Vriahs wife by Dauid agreeth with the historie of the taking away of Menelaus wife by Alexander otherwise called Paris After the death of Dauid and Salomon his sonne the kingdome of Israel was established vpon Rehoboam Salomons sonne he forsooke the law of the Lord and reiected his fathers wise and graue counsellors and followed rash young mens counsell and therefore the Lord raised Shesak king of Egipt against Israel and he came with twelue hundred chariots three score thousand horsemen and his footemen were without number for from Egipt came with him the Lybians the Troglodites and the Aethiopians he tooke the strong cities of Iudah and Ierusalem and all the treasures of the Lords house and all the treasures of the kings house and he carried away two hundred targets and three hundred shields of gold which Salomon made and returned to Egipt with a great spoile because Rehoboam forsooke the Lord and therefore was forsaken of the Lord. The temple that Salomon his father builded was spoiled by the negligence of Rehoboam Salomons sonne This was the first victorie that was had ouer Ierusalem by Shesak king of Israel and here began the first battell of the ciuill warre betweene the kings of Iudah and the kings of Israel and such ciuill warre if you consider the slaughter betweene Iudah and Israel and the continuance of their warres you must needs confesse that in one battell betweene Abiah and Ieroboam were more slaine of the Israelites then among the Romanes in fortie yeares to talke of the Romanes ciuill warres which was fortie yeares betweene Sylla and Marius betweene Caesar and Pompey and last betweene Octauius and Marc. Antonius or the ciuill warres of the Greekes called the Peloponesian warre which endured seuen and twentie yeares it was nothing in respect of the murther and bloud betweene Iudah and Israel for in the ciuill warres of the Romanes histories doo not record aboue the deaths of three hundred thousand Romanes Where in this battell being the first ciuill battell betweene Ieroboam king of Israel against Abiah king of Iudah at what time was slaine in the field fiue hundred thousand of king Ieroboams souldiers in one battell which neither Tamberlane nor Xerxes though they could match them in number yet could they neuer match thē in slaughter For as the Romanes were full fiue hundred yeares in conquering the Sabines the Latines the Vients the Fidenates the Samnites Tarentines Hetruscans others frō Romulus time to Scypio Affrican before the Romanes could be Lords of Italy The like may bee spoken of the Israelites in conquequering the Moabites Ammonites Amalekites Philistines and others from Moses time vnto Dauid welnigh fiue hundred yeares and as the Romans held their Empire so long a time as they were in winning of it frō Scypio Affrican who conquered Haniball and Italy vnto the Emperor Probus which was fiue hundred years at what time the whole Empire fell by degrees to decay So Israel as they subdued their enemies from Moses to Dauid fiue hundred yeares as you read before so after Dauid by ciuill warres of Iudah and Israel vnto Zedechias time which was fiue hundred yeares they lost both the kingdomes Iudah and Israel the one taken captiue by Salmanasser vnto Niniuie the other by Nabuchodonozer vnto Babilon so that now the land of Iudah called the land of milke and honey is become Athisme subiect to Pagans Infidels which continued from Abraham the first father of the faith vntill Titus Vespasian two thousand and odde yeares and al through disobedience and contempt of their Lord and God Euen so the Romanes which were wont to be called lords of the world whose Consuls at that time ruled and gouerned the most kingdomes of the world are now left without King Emperor or Consull and many cities in Italy at this day preferred before Rome now gouerned by the Pope a Bishop as Ierusalem is gouerned by the Turk an Infidel so that in all things the Romanes and the Hebrews may be compared for as the greatest enemie that euer Rome had was Italy and the dangerousest foes that the Romanes had were Italians for the Gaules the Cymbres the Carthaginians and the Affricans vexed not the Romans as the Italians did their own country men and next neighbors So Iudah had no enemies but the house of Israel So Israel had no enemies but Iudah for Ierusalem could not away with Samaria for their two Idols the one at Dan the other in Bethell so Samaria could not brooke Ierusalem for the great solemnitie of Salomons temple CHAP. III. The great battell betweene Abia king of Iudah and Ieroboam king of Israel where 500000. were slaine on Ieroboams side Of the victories of Asa and Iosaphat kings of Iudah ouer Zerah king of Aethiopia ouer the Edomites Ammonites and Maobites AS it seemed by the long oration which Abiah made to Ieroboam and his army vpon mount Zemaraim before the battell ioyned together to disswade them from the battell saying that the Lord had giuen the kingdome ouer Israel to Dauid and to his house but Ieroboam contemned Abiahs counsel and thought by his policie and subtill stratagem to haue ouercome the host of Iudah but he himself was deceiued to the losse of fiue hundred thousand of his souldiers that his power and force failed that he was not able during his life to preuaile against Iudah for Ieroboam had gathered to encrease his army all leaud idle and wicked vnthrifts to fight this battell against Rehoboam the sonne of Salomon like Cinna in Rome that made open proclamation that al bondmē wicked doers and banished men should come to Cinna the Consul they should be restored to their former libertie freedome and thus Cinna gathered al the leaud and wicked men within all Italy he then being Consul taking part with Cai. Marius against his other fellow Consull Octauius which helde with Sylla slaine at that time a number more of the citizens of Rome but between Sylla and Marius one reuenging vpon an other fomi◅g in their countries bloud that all the streetes of Rome anne of bloud These two Marius and Sylla began the first Romane ciuil warres as Ieroboam and Rehoboam did and yet were they both compared to
into prouinces some into Toparchies as Syria some into Tetrarchies as Paphlagonia Some into Tribes and some into Ethnarchies as France Gasgoyne and Brytaine were diuided into eighteene prouinces and gouerned vnder Praetors Hispaine in sixe prouinces two of them vnder Consuls gouernment the other foure vnder Proconsuls Macedonia was diuided into seuen prouinces Thracia into sixe and Illyria into seuen prouinces This might seeme strange that Consuls of Rome being but one citie should rule gouerne so many kingdomes that after they had subdued Affrica the most part of Europe before they came to Asia and had established Affrike Europe vnder Romane gouernors And as by the death of Alexander the great all the East kingdomes were left without a king that they that were then but Alexanders Souldiers diuided all the kingdomes of the East as booties and praies between them Macedonia to Antipater Egipt to Ptolomeu Asia the lesse to Antigonus and so other kingdomes were diuided betweene others of Alexander his souldiers and they that could agree vnder one captaine as fellowes friendes and souldiers of one countrey fell to ciuil warres within themselues that one destroyed another that by this meanes the Romanes subdued the kings of Asia as they subdued the kings of Affrica and Europe After the Romanes had subdued Italy their countrey-men and next neighbours they graunted to the Volsces the Tyrrhens the Samnites Lucans Tarentines Thuscans the Romane lawe called Ius Latij So did the Romanes in Cicilia which was the first people subdued and made the first prouince vnder the Romanes they had Iura Latinitatis In Carthage Leptis and diuers other cities in Affrike and Hispaine they had their freedome libertie againe and the lawes of Italy graunted them by Alexander Seuerus the Emperour so that in Affrica were fifteene Romane cities where no magistrate might gouerne but a Romane citizen and that Per ius Latinitatis The like law made Pompey in Armenia in Pontus and other cities of Asia that Romain magistrates should gouerne them as they did in Hispaine and in Affrica All Hispaine were so subiect to the Romaines that thirtie townes were made free to vse their liberties and lawes named Romane cities in one part of Hispaine and one hundred twentie townes that paid anuall stipend to the Romanes The Athenians Thessalians and all Greece were restored to their lawes liberties by diuers Emperors of Rome as by Pau. Aemilius Ti. Flaminius Lu. Silla others But other kingdomes and countries were not so For though the Romains excelled and exceeded all nations in prowise in conquests and victories yet made they all kingdomes and countries their friendes and consederates which they subdued So was Masinissa king of Numidia euer a friend to the Romanes against Hannibal while he liued and at his death made the Romane Empire his heire And Attalus king of Asia for the friendship that he found with the Romanes committed his kingdome into the Romanes tuition and made also the Empire of Rome his heire as Masinissa did And though the Cappadocians were a free nation gouerned by their owne lawe yet sought they freedome and libertie of the Romanes and would be gouerned by them onely forsaking their owne libertie so that they were ruled as the Egiptians were by Romaine knights for that the Romane knights and the Senators were of equall power at that time For no Consull Proconsull Praetor or such as had Serieants or Tipslaues before them might in no wise come into Alexandria or any part of Egipt for that the Romanes had an olde prophesie that their dignitie and iurisdicton should cease in Alexandria and also in Egipt when any Romane officer came to Alexandria hauing Serieants with Maces before them The Romanes beeing now Lords of the most part of Affrica Asia and Europe grew so proud of their fortunes of their triumphes their victories and greatnesse farre from Rome that they through ambition and enuie began one to spite an other in Rome so that there was nothing in Rome but as it was in Athens seditions tumults enuie and malice and as Iugurth spake of Rome that it was Vrbs venalis si haberet emptorem a towne soone sold if it had a chapman So Demosthenes spake of the three monsters of Athens the people the owle and the dragon these were the causes that ouerthrew Rome and Athens The Israelites in like sort as the Romanes before they conquered the Canaanites they agreed and ioyned their force together and the Lord prospered theyr warres when they serued him that from Ioshuahs time who brought them and gaue them the possession of the land of Canaan vnto Dauids time who setled the Israelites as the Lords ouer the Canaanites that the Moabites Ammonites and other nations about payed tribute to Dauid and to his successors and that there was no king no nation but feared and trembled at the name of Israel And as you heard before of the ciuill warres of the Macedonians betweene Alexanders seruants and of the Romanes so Israel likewise fell to ciuill warres which was the cause of the destruction of the Persians the Macedonians the Romanes the Israelites and others for the Hebrewes beeing the onely auntientest people which were brought vp in the military discipline of the Lord their lawe giuer and Generall of their Army vnder whom Moses Ioshua Dauid and others kept and executed the same whose fame grew so great thereby that all the kings and captaines of the earth trembled thereat The Gentiles in their warres with their enemies tooke not onely counsell of their Oracles and Soothsayers but also made their simple souldiers to beleeue that they were instructed by some diuine power sent from Iupiter or from Appollo As Sertorius a captaine no lesse famous in Affrike then Sylla was in Asia which did by a white hinde vse many stratagems whom he taught to follow him euery where euen into his bed chamber making his souldiers to beleeue that hee would consult with this white hinde in some secret place before hee would take any warres in hand and after he had consulted with this white hinde hee certainly assured his souldiers of victorie this hee vsed to encourage his souldiers in all his warres in Affrica Hereby he ouerthrew Cotta the Consull in a battell on the sea and also ouerthrewe Domitius the Romane Proconsull in Hiberia and constrained Metellus to his loss many times to yeeld vntill Pompey the great came with his legionarie army from Rome to aide Metellus against Sertorius with whom Pompey had somewhat to doo before hee ouerthrew Sertorius Thus hee encouraged his souldiers in Affrica by reason of his white hinde as Lucius Sylla did practise manye such Stratagemes in Asia who did make his souldiers beleeue by looking on the picture of Appollo which he carried about his neck in a litle close tablet that he was instructed by Appollo to take such battels in hand that Sylla
souldiers for all the force of king Iuba Cato Scipio and Affranius The souldiers of Epaminondas perceiuing that the winde blew away the labell which hangd as an ornament about Epaminondas speare and lighted vpon the graue of a dead Lacedemonian at the which sight the Thaebans were so frighted vntill Epaminondas said vnto them merily Ah worthie souldiers this signifieth the ouerthrowe of the Lacedemonians and forewarneth them of their buriall These wise stratagemes by noble captaines were to remoue feare and terrour from souldiers mindes which were so superstitious at the sight of any toy to doubt of victories Scipio Affrican sayling from Italy into Affrica at his going out of his ship had a fall which not a litle moued the souldiers who tooke it for a signe of no good lucke hee perceiuing by his souldiers that they were amazed and astonished at his fall spake vnto them presently with a merrie countenance and said Ludite milites Affricans oppressi Be merrie souldiers I haue ouercome Affricke and so by this stratagem he turned their doubts feare into boldnesse and stoutnesse As Scipio spake Affricam oppressi I ouercame Affrike so likewise we may speake through Christ that eternall Scipio staffe of saluatiō who ouercame not only Affrica but the whole world the prince of the same Satā The very like chaunce happened to Caesar who as he went to take shipping had the like lucke as Scipio had and least his souldiers should thinke it a signe of hard lucke he vsed this stratageme imbraced the earth fast and saide Terra te teneo mater which was interpreted by his soothsayers that he should conquer many lands and countries through victories Caesar after all his great fortunes and victories which he had in two and fiftie pitcht fields and set battels entered with his last tryumph of Ouation after foure great tryumphes had before ouer forraigne enemies being Consul Dictator and Emperour by his sword made a kinde of tryumphe of Ouation from mount Albanus to the Capitoll fiue moneths before the Ides of March which time Spurnia the soothsayer willed Caesar to take heede of at what time Caesar was slaine in the Senate house This was not to be called a tryumphe because it was done in the time of ciuill discord for that in ciuill warres among the Romanes it was decreed by the Senate that no Romane might tryumphe ouer another Romane so it was also among the Thaebans Epaminondas might not tryumphe ouer the Lacedemonians for his victorie at Leuctres Sylla might not tryumphe ouer Marius neyther Caesar ouer Pompey nor Octauius ouer Mar. Antonius Yet Caesar against the lawe tryumphed and carried the pictures of Cato Petronius others but refused to carry the picture of Pompey because hee knew it would offend many of the Romains and the rather for that Caesar gaue his daughter Iulia in marriage to Pompey Caesar after these his conquests was named the first Emperour of Rome the Romanes hauing had before seuen kings which ruled two hundred and fiftie yeares after kings Consulls which continued fiue hundred yeares For Valerius Publicola the first Consul after the kings in the battell betweene the wood called Arsia Sylua and the meadowe Aesuuia where two and twentie thousand sixe hundred Romanes were slaine where Torquine the proud was ouerthrowne In this battell Brutus one of the Consuls died who not by chaunce but of set purpose sought to encounter with Aruns king Torquines eldest sonne to execute the deadly malice they bare each other that fighting so desperately with such furie that one killed another dead at once The first tryumphe of Publicola being the first Consul he had this libertie graunted him that the doore of his house should open outwards into the streete which was neuer seene in Rome before but the greatnesse of this fauour came from Greece to Rome and Publicola had the first honours and libertie thereof and the first funerall sermon that euer was in Rome was made by Publicola for Brutus his fellow Consul slaine in this battell So that the name of Torquines was as odious in Rome as the name of Tyrants that the Romanes neuer suffered any King to gouerne after Torquine the proude neither could they abide euer after the name of a king In the second battell that Torquine prepared to recouer his kingdome hee went to the citie Clusiu◅ and had king Porsenna to promise him his aide in whose behalfe he sent his Herauld straight to summon the Romanes to receiue their king but being by the Romanes stoutly refused Porsenna proclaimed open warres in the which warres after much slaughter of the Romanes the citie of Rome had bene taken and Torquine restored again to his kingdom had not Horatius Cocles and the noble act of Mutius Scaeuola bene who had determined fully to kill king Porsenna and missing the king kild the next vnto him supposing him to be the king which being reprehended therefore and tortured holding his armes in flames of fire spake boldly vnto king Porsennas face that there were three hundred Romanes sworne to do the like enterprise as he did and had sworne Porsennas death which made him to forsake Torquine and Torquine to forsake Rome and to liue as a banished priuate man fourteen yeares after expelled from his kingdome The Romanes in memorie of these enterprises caused two Images made of brasse to be set vp in the temple of Vulcan to honour the name of Mutius Scaeuola and Horatius Clocles Thus was Torquinius Superbus the last king of the Romains for the rauishment of Lucretia Collatinus wife put from his kingdome and all the kings of Rome after him And after the kings the ouerthrow of the ten Commissioners called Decemuiri for the like offence by Appius Clau. to Virginea a Romane virgin so that the kings of Rome lost their kingdomes for the rauishment of Collatinus wife and the Decemuiri lost their place and offices for the rauishment of Virgineus daughter Therefore the glory and fame of the Romans grew by the Consuls which increased more and more vntill Caesars time who because he was denied the place of a Consul with their good will he became an Emperour against their will We leaue the Romanes thus marching from Kings to Consuls from Consuls to Emperours from Emperours without an Empire and will speake of the marching of other kingdomes The Scythians marched into Asia and wanne many great victories possessed many strong Forts gaue diuers battels to the Egiptians the Persians and builded many cities in diuers places as well in Greece as in Asia to whom Asia paied tribute for fifteene yeares So marched likewise the Saracens into Affrick where they had so many great victories that they wanne and possessed the most part of Hispaine vnder their gouernment welnigh eight hundred yeares So the Turkes marched into Europe and got the Empire of Constantinople out of the Romanes hands to the lamentable
were instructed by the word of the Lord in the mouth of the Prophet or else they were answered at the mercy seate or counselled by Vrim and Thummim So soothsayings oracles were so had in reuerence among the Gentiles that nothing should be taken in hand neither in peace nor in warres without consulting with the soothsayers and oracles So that at any Eclipse of the Moone the Romanes would take their brazen pots pannes and beat them lifting vp many Torches and Linckes lighted and firebrandes into the aire thinking by these superstitious meanes to reclaime the Moone to her light So the Macedonians were as superstitious as the Romanes were at any Eclipse of the Moone Nothing terrified the Gentils more in their warres then the Eclipse of the Sunne and the Moone The like vsed the Thracians when it thunders they take theyr bowes and arrowes and shoote vp to the cloudes against the thunder imagining by theyr shooting to driue the thunders away Cabrias the Generall of Athens beeing readie to strike a battell on sea it suddenly lightened which 〈◊〉 terrified the souldiers that they were vnwilling to figâ—… vntill Cabrias said that now is the time to fight whâ—… Iupiter himselfe with his lightening doth shewe a sigâ—…e that he is readie to goe before vs. So Epaminondas at his going to battell it suddenly lightned that it so amazed his souldiers that Epaminondas comforted them and saide Lumen hoc Numina ostendunt by these lightnings the gods shew vs that we shall haue victories but we may better say so througâ—… our Lord and Sauiour then Epaminondas or Cabriâ—… sith we haue the great light of the Gospell to lighten vs and to goe before vs to attempt any warre or to commence any battel against Sathan and his armies whose will is euer to destroy though his power cannot Cuius semper iniqua voluntas licet nunquam iniusta potestas In Rome the Dictator the Consul the Praetor and other Magistrates were to be remoued from their offices if the soothsayer sawe any occasion by lightning thundering by remouing of starres by flying of fowles by intrailes of beasts by Eclipse of the Sun Moone So that there was a lawe in Sparta that euery ninth yeare the chiefe magistrates called Ephori would choose a bright night without Moone light in some open place to behold the starres and if they had seene any star shoot or moue from one place to another straight these Ephori accused their kings that they offended the gods and therby deposed them from their kingdome So did Lysander depose king Leonidas So likewise the Romains were perswaded that their ouerthrow at the battels of Thrasimen Trebeia and Canne by Hannibal were for that they supposed they offended the gods either in not performing their vowes or in not doing of sacrifice or else for the vnskilfulnesse of theyr Generalls So did they suppose theyr ouerthrowes by the Cymbrians to be by the vnskilfulnesse and ouersight of Quin. Scaepio their Generall but Cai. Marius afterward reuenged the ouerthrowes of the Romaines with the greatest ouerthrow that euer the Cymbrians had By these meanes the Consuls were oftentimes remoued displaced from their offices of Consulship by the Senators as Varro Mansinus Leuinus others as the kings and Generals were in Sparta by meanes of their magistrates called Ephori such sure trust and confidence they had in their soothsayers that without the counsell of soothsayers in Rome or the counsell of Magi in Persia or of the Ephori in Sparta the kings of Rome of Persia and of Sparta would attempt nothing concerning the state of the countrey And therfore the Macedonians made a decree that no monument of triumph should be made within their kingdome for that a Lyon had raised vp a pillar which was set vp in memorie of a great victory gotten they thought the gods to be offended with them and therefore the decree was made So the Romanes after Carthage was destroyed and after restored againe when the Romanes had diuided and measured their lands and limited their meeres and markes by the pole for the Romaines to inhabite there for that the marks limits were bitten gnawed with wolues the Romanes paused staied before they had consulted with Oracles The first king of Rome Romulus builded his kingdom by flying of fowles and soothsaying So Numa Pompil was chosen second king of Rome by flying of fowles So Torquinius Priscus an Eagle tooke his cappe from his head and fled vp on high to the skies and after descended and let his cappe fall on his head againe signifying thereby that he should be king of Rome Pau Aemilius Consul and Generall of the Romanes in Macedonia at what time he sacrificed vnto the gods in the citie of Amphipolis it lightned whereby he was perswaded it pretended the ouerthrow of the kingdom of Macedonia and his great victory and tryumphe of the same at Rome Swallowes followed king Cyrus going with his army from Persia to Scythia as rauens followed Alexander the great returning from India and going to Babilon but as the Magi tolde the Persians that Cyrus should die in Scythia so the Chaldean Astrologers told the Macedonians that Alexander the great their king should die in Babilon without any further warrant but by the Swallowes that followed Cyrus to Scythia and by the rauens that followed Alexander to Babilon By Swallowes also lighting vppon Pirrhus Tents and lighting vpon the mast of Mar. Antonius ship sayling after Cleopatra to Egipt the soothsayers did prognosticate that Pirrhus should be slaine at Argos in Greece and Mar. Antonius in Egipt The Arabians Carians Phrygians and Cilicians do most religiously obserue the chirping flying of birds assuring themselues good or bad euents in their warres Themistocles was assured of victory ouer king Xerxes and his huge army by crowing of a cocke going to the battell at Artemisium the day before the battell began who hauing obtained so great a victory gaue a cocke in his ensigne euer after So Iu. Caesar gaue an elephant in his ensigne after he had subdued Iuba king of Mauritania The Lydians Persians and Thracians esteeme not soothsaying by birds but by powring of wine vpon the ground vpon their cloathes with certaine superstitious praiers to their gods that their warres should haue good successe Pau. Aemilius was assured of victory ouer Persius king of Macedonia by a word pronounced by his little girle Tertia saying to her father that Persius the dog and her play-fellow was dead Aristander the soothsayer in the battell at Arbela being the last against Darius was then on horse backe hard by Alexander apparelled all in white and a crowne of golde vppon his head encouraging Alexander by the flight of an Eagle the victorie should be his ouer Darius Both the Greekes the Romaines and the Lacedemonians had theyr soothsayers hard by them in their warres Alexander the great had not
Valentia The battell at Sucron Front lib. 2. cap. 13. Mithridates stratagems and others Triphon Antemna Dyrachium Pirrhus Caesars ambition against Rome Plut. in Caesare Plut. in Cicero Caesars praise Scipios demaund of Hannibal Caesars celeritie in his victories Epaminondas stratageme Front lib. 1. cap. 12. Caesar was in 52. pitcht fields No triumphs in ciuil wars at Rome The battell betweene Torquine and Publicola The first funerall SermoÌ„ in Rome Porsenna Mutius Scaeuoa Torquine driuen from Rome Decemuiri Caesar. The marching of the Scythians Saracens The Turkes Cyrus Zerxes Alexander the great Saul Iâ—…boam The marching of the Lorde his â—…aptaines Hercules and Mars Geâ—…e 32. Stratagâ—… The vowâ—… of Iacob Arebellious vowe of Absâ—…lon Nom. 21. The vowâ—… of the Israelites Iudg. cap. 11. The vowe of king Asia Ionâ—… Annas vow Samuels mother Flamminiâ—… vow The vow of Marius Fabius Max. vow The vow of the AtheniaÌ„s to Aeolus The vowe called Haecatombae Suidus in Vita Augusti Hanibals oath Lucullus Pausanias Seuerall vowes Stratagems of Satan Philos speech of the wicked The vowes of the Nazarites Monasticall vowes Thesius Achilles Orestes The Rechabites vowes Heliodorus 2. Mac. 3. cap. Antiochus 2. Mac. cap. 9. Artax 3. Esdar ca. 〈◊〉 The fauour of the kings of Persia to the Iewes The oracles of Ammon The saying of the Prophet Ionathas Sam. lib. 1. cap. 14. Indic cap. 6. Signes of victories giueÌ„ froÌ„ the Lord. 2. Reg. cap. 13 Sam. 15. 1. Reg. 11. Signes giuen by the Prophets 3. Reg. cap. 13 Ionas in the whales belly The Hebrewes consulted with Urim and Thummim Nom. 22. and 27. Iudah Superstitiousnesse of the Gentiles Veget. lib. 4. cap. 42. Front lib. 1. cap. 12. EpaminoÌ„das stratageme Gregor magnus The Consuls of Rome and kinges in Sparta deposed Quin. Scepio Ca. Marius The superstitions of the Macedonians and Romanes Soothsaying by flying of fowles Swallowes Cyrus and Alexander forewarned of their death by soothsaying Themistocles Cice. de diuinatione 1. Aristander Iob. 20. Superstitious oracles of the Gentiles The graue of Amphiraus Darius Xerxes Aelian li. 13 The oracles of the Prophets Any stratagem in iust warre is lawfull Gedeon Sucoth The credit of soothsayers among the Gentiles Idolatry of Israell Ezech. 21. The rich spoile which Philip had in Delphos Sanctuaries allowed by the Lord to the Hebrues Ioab and Adonias taken from sanctuaries The temple of Diana burned The sanctuaries of the Gentiles Kings fled to sanctuaries Sanctuaries become dens for theeues Demosthenes The graues of dead men were sanctuaries Agesilaus The abuse of sanctuaries Kings destroied for breach of the lawe Malach. 1. 50000. Bethsamites more slaine Numaslawes in Rome The Nimph Egeria The prophanation of the ceremonies of Ceres by Alcibiades and Clodius 20000. ware mourning apparell for Cicero in Rome Acarnanites Liui. lib. 31. Anacharsis slaine in Scythia Ciceros opinion of the Romanes victories Ueget lib. 1. cap. 1. Phocion Antalcidas saying to Agesilaus Sparta Alexander the great rewarded maimed soldiers Iul. Caesar. Xenoph. lib. 3. de rebus Graecorum Viget lib. 2. cap. 9. Tacit. lib. 2. annal Titus Fabritius The honour of the Romanes and Persians towardes their generals captaines Condemned murtherers sacrificed on captaines graues Cymons mares Alex. Neapolit lib. Genial cap. 11. The Moiles in Athens Couetous princes euer lost more theÌ„ they wonne Viriatus Achilles wrath Craesus couetousnesse Hannibals reuenge Pirrhus quarrels Ambition Iudges Princes The Image of Iustice painted in Egipt Contention betweene Aiax and Vlisses Cai. Gracchus slaine Platoes opinion against ambitious men The ambition of AbsoloÌ„ and Adoniah 2. Reg. 15. 3. Reg. ca. 1. Hammon The ambition of Abimelech The Orators of Athens Philosophers The victories of Sertorius Metellus Aristides Cato Licurgus law allowed ambition Ambitious men bannished from Athens Corilianus banished The saying of Scypio Themistocles banished Myontium Lamplacus Magnetia Plut. in Themist Plut. in Cleomenes Comparisons betweene the Romains and the Grecians Pelopidas Fabius and Marcellus â—…isedly 〈◊〉 Marcellus Pericles surnamed Olympius Pirrh saying Lysander Hortensius Asinius Pollios sayings Velleius 2. Timoleon Philopomen the last captaine of any fame in Greece Ishâ—…mia The olde Remanes did sound trumpets in their warres The Egiptians bad brazen timbrels and hornes The Lacedemonians vsed flutes and pipes Alex. Neapolit lib. 4. genial The Parthians vsed kettles pannes brazen pots and a number of litle bells Cymbrians Indians Creetâ—… Tho Hobrues had in their warres siluer trumpets and rams hornes The diuer sitie of sounding in wars Of tents and sailes The watch-word of diuers noblo captaines in their warres Front lib. 1. cap. 5. Front lib. 1. cap. 3. Crassus slain among the Parthians Crassus head his sonnes sent to the king of Parthia Oros. lib. 5. cap. 16. The ouerthrow of the Romanes by the Cymbrians Pub. Ventidius tryiumphes ouer the Parthians Aug. Caesar. The victorie of the Greeks at MarathoÌ„ Oros. lib. 4. cap. 14. The praise of Themistocles Not Demosthenes the Orator bus a captaine of that name The victory of the Syracusans ouer the AtheniaÌ„s Plut. in Nicea Asinarius feast Niceas Aegospotamos The battell at Cranon The feare of Alex in Greece A battell at Actium Plut. in Antonio The library of Philadelphus in Alexandria burnt The library in Athens destroyed The library of Attalus Eumenes in Asia destroyed Aiax and Patroclus The library at Rome The Ramans onely professed armes Callimachus Chrysâ—…ppus Nomb. 21. Ios. 10. 2. Mac. 2. The lawe of armes brokâ—… Liui. 32. Tacit. 2. annal Thucyd. lib. 1 Oros. li 3. ca. 2 Godolias Ierem. cap. 41. Triphon The breach of the lawe of armes Valer. max. lib. 7. cap. 4. Theucyd lib. 2. 2. Sam. cap. 10. L. Flor. lib. 2. cap. 5. Zopirus Front lib. 3. cap. 3. Ten Nestors ten Vlixes Aiax Plyn lib. 35. cap. 9. Cyrus and Agamemnons wish Xerxes Nimrod Philo. 2. Reg. 12. Dani. 9. Nehemi 1. Exod. 9. 1. Reg. ca. 26. Math. 27. Securitie in warres hurtfull Pompeys parasites L. Flor. lib. 4 cap. 12. The victory of Drusus The victory of Lucullus ouer the Athenians Plut. in vita Luculls Themistocles celeritie in his victories Thirty thousand archers draue Agesilaus out of Persia. An Owle printed in the coine of Athens Plut. in vita Pompei Celeritie praised Polyb. 11. Front lib. 1. cap. 1. Cerethites Caleb Nomb. 25. 4. Reg. 〈◊〉 10 Astiages dreames Herod lib. 1. Xerxes dreams Alex. Neapolit genial lib. 3. Cic. diuini 1. Cic. diuin 1. Hanniballs dreame Iosephes dreame Iosephs second dreame Gen. 37. Daniel by expounding of dreames Dan. 5. 6 Isaac named WomeÌ„ amoÌ„g the Israelites gaue names to their children Moneths named after the names of Emperours Alex. Neapolit lib. 1. cap. 28. The surnames of great Generalls and Captaines in Greece Rabbi Iuda ben Dama Rab. Siâ—… ben Gamalael Rab. Ismael ben Elizei Genebrardus lib. 2. cron Alex. Neapolit lib. 1. cap. 2. Arsaces the name of all the kings of Parthia
from mount Ephraim and now followed the enemies vnto Bethauen the victory was great which Saul got ouer the Philistines Saul in this battel did binde the souldiers by oath not to eate till euening and cursed him that would eate any foode till night for Ionathan tasted a little hony with the end of his rod and Saul his father would haue put him to death sauing that the souldiers rescued and deliuered him for the Lord had giuen a great victory by Ionathan ouer the Philistines CHAP. XX. Of the victorie of Saul at Iabesh Gilead and after how he was ouerthrowne by the Philistines and slew himselfe in mount Gilboa and of the reward of diuers treasons AFter the battel at Michmash Saul had an other victorie ouer the Ammonites where the Ammonites were slain at Iabesh Gilead the Lord prospered Saul and endued him with such vertues as were meete for a K. yet Saul disobeyed the Lord being commanded to destroy the Amalekites and sley both man and woman both infant and suckling both oxe and sheepe both camel and asse yet he spared Agag king of the Amalekites and the fat beasts and the lambes the sheepe and the oxen that were good against the commaundement of the Lord and therefore Samuel reproued him and tolde him that the Lord had reiected him and that his kingdome should bee giuen to an other and vpon Sauls disobedience Samuel was commaunded to annoint Dauid king ouer Israel so Saul wonne the victory but lost his kingdome and his life in the next battell Saul being forsaken of the Lord for his disobedience the Philistines preuailed against him in diuers battels for Saul was more desirous to kill Dauid the seruant of the Lord then to destroy the Philistines the enemies of the Lord. But Dauid was reserued and ordained to fight the battels of the Lord to destroy the Amalekites the Philistines the rest of the Lords enemies whom Saul spared being commanded to the contrary therfore the Lord gaue Saul to the hands of the Philistins at the battell in mount Gilboa that the Israelites fled and fell before the Philistines and the three sonnes of Saul were flaine and Saul himselfe sore wounded Such was his cruell life seeking to kill Dauid that he had a desperate death for he slew himself with his owne sword seeing the battell so sore against him his sonnes slaine his souldiers killed and all the rest of his army fled This was the end of Saul the first K. of Israel like the end of Zedechia the last king of Israel And whē the Philistins came to the spoyle of them that were slaine they found the body of Saul and his three sonnes in mount Gilboah slaine in the battel and they cut off Sauls head and stripped him out of his armour and they laid vp his armour in the Temple of their god Astaroth and hanged vp his body on the wall of Bethshan in token of victorie and triumph and they sent the head of Saul vnto the land of the Philistines that they might shew it in their cities and publish it in the Temples of their Idols among the people and after to set vp Sauls head in the Temple of Dagon This was the end of Saul whom the Lord raised from keeping his fathers asses to be a king ouer his people for not obeying the commaundement of the Lord thus euer the Lord punished disobedience in Saul in Rehoboam Achab Manasses and Zedechiah that the Lord deliuered Ierusalem and the kingdome of Iudah to the hands of Nabuchodonozer king of Babilon Saul being now slaine in mount Gilboa the Amalekite which brought to Dauid Sauls crowne and his bracelets and tolde Dauid that hee himselfe slew Saul which was a lye for Saul slew himselfe thought to haue a great reward for such good newes but Dauid commanded him to be slaine The like reward had Rechab and Banah that brought Isbosheths head vnto Dauid who disguised themselues as Marchants to buy wheate and went to Isbosheths house who slept on his bed at noone and they slew him tooke his head with them and presented it vnto Dauid at Hebron supposing they should bee better rewarded then the Amalekite was but Dauid rewarded them in this sort that their hands and their feete were cut off hanged vp ouer the poole in Hebron The recompence of such treacherous seruants were euer so rewarded as Bessus the onely chiefe captaine vnder Darius who after he fled from the battell at Arbela was slaine by Bessus and his head cut off and brought vnto Alexander who thought to be aduanced for his trecherous seruice but Alexander commaunded that he should be tyed to the tops of two young trees bending to the ground that he by the swinge and lifting vp of the trees might be torne in peeces So Septimius and Achillas commaunded by Ptolomeus king of Egipt to kill Pompey and to present his head vnto Caesar from him though Pompey before time had restored Ptolomeu his father to his kingdome in Egipt and Septimius had beene Pompey his souldier in diuers warres yet they slew him most trecherously in his boate at Pellusium and cut off his head to please Caesar but they were rewarded of Caesar as Bessus was of Alexander for the king was slaine and his kingdome giuen to Cleopatra his sister When Antigonus sawe Pirrhus head presented vnto him by his sonne though they were both enemies and in the field in armor one against an other yet he couered Pirrhus head with his hat discommending the crueltie of his sonne with such a reward that he made his bloud run about his eares saying how durst thou like a sauage beast bring Pirrhus head from his body being dead whom no prince or captaine in Asia or in Europe durst in the face meet in the field aliue Yet most men think that trecherie is allowed though traitors be not accepted I do not thinke but the head of Darius brought to Alexander by Bessus and the head of Pompey to Caesar were as gratefull as Ciceroes head was to Marc. Antonius brought by Popilius or as Marc. Crassus head sent by Surena to Horodes for thereby had Alexander the kingdome of Persia Caesar the Empire of Rome treason hath better successe then traitors haue To this effect spake Iezabell to Iehu Had Zimri peace which slew his maister Elah as though she should say can traitors haue good successe but she was rewarded by Iehu for that Naboth was stoned to death by her meanes for his vineyard as the rest were Euen cruel Sylla the Romane the enemie of Marius and all his well-willers and especiall of Sulpitius Syllas mortall foe Yet when Sulpitius seruant would haue betrayed Sulpitius his maister vnto Sylla Sylla caused him to bee throwne headlong downe from the rocke Tarpeia So much the olde Romanes hated traitors and treasons that when Viriatus an other Haniball and a great enemie of the Romanes for 14.
I will spare to put them in English because they are in English mentioned before If any be desirous of more military punishments let him read Vegetius the third booke and fourth chapter where hee setteth downe that if a souldier beeing punished for any offence by him committed should contrary his Captaine or the Collonell by resisting or staying his captaines hands or by breaking the staffe or the sticke wherwith he is punished he is by martiall law displaced from the place he serueth in and quite remoued from the campe If any souldier resist correction lay violent hands on his Captaine or Collonell when he is corrected he is to suffer capitall punishment which is death by martiall law appointed Augustus Caesar commaunded those souldiers that offended in the campe with sloathfulnesse and idlenesse which framed not thēselues like souldiers to carry vpon their backes Decempedam a pearch or pole of ten foote long sometimes to carrie turffes in their shirts bare-legd and barefooted to be flowted and scoffed of their company Sertorius for that he saw a number of souldiers negligently omit military discipline he caused them to bee whipt and scourged in the midst of the Campe threatning death for the least fault the next time they offended For said Sertorius In bello bis peccare non licet Genutius the Consull disauthorised and purged his campe of foure thousand souldiers whom hee found sloathfull and negligent in the army and brought them to open publique punishment Cyrus therfore after he had conquered the Lydians knowing them to be soft and effeminate souldiers suffered none of them to be in his campe Among the Carthaginians the Lacedemonians and they of Creete a lawe was made confirmed by Plato in Greece that no souldier might drinke wine during the time of theyr warres which made Marius to speake to his Armye perceiuing them to bee verie thyrstie we must breake our thirst in yonder Riuer after the battell Pittacus a singular wise man made the like lawe in Mittelena as Plato made in Greece that the souldiers that would drinke wine might receiue double punishment without pay Among the Romanes seuere lawes were made against wine drinkers and executed not onely vpon souldiers by the Generall but also vpon the women in Rome by their husbands as Egnat Metellus punished his owne wife If any souldier should go any where out of their camp and be found without sword and weapons about him he should be accused of a capital crime hardly escape death vnlesse it were the first offence of a yong soldier Those souldiers that cast vp bankes made trenches and diches might not be without weapons about them though they were but agrarij milites So vsed Marius and after him Caesar they made their souldiers to worke with their swords on their sides and mattockes in their hands So did the Iewes for feare of the Samaritans and others build vp Ierusalem and the temple hauing theyr weapons in one hand and working with the other Scipio Aemilianus at the warres of Numantia perceiuing that his vnder captaines and his officers forgat the military discipline of the old Romaines which was that women should not follow the warres and many other abuses and enormities which were suffered in the camp without looking vnto and therefore Scipio purged all his army of all idle leaud company with whip scourge that might hinder seruice infect the army So did Cyrus the great king of Persia with the like care keepe his souldiers from slothfull idlenesse commaunding his Generalls Captaines to exercise theyr souldiers with paine trauell to suffer hunger colde without meate or drinke before they woulde certifie their captaine what military exercise either on foote or on horse they had done And after that Cyrus had conquered the Lydians knowing them to be false and treacherous fellowes very cowards timerous soldiers he dismissed them from his campe and suffred them not to stay among his souldiers because they should not infect souldiers nor corrupt military discipline For that the martiall disciplines of the Romaines were such as I thought good to make a catalogue as I found them in the Commentary vpon Vegetius virgis caedi vite verberari linguae abscissio this kinde of punishment vsed the Egiptians by a lawe confirmed in Egipt to cut off the souldiers tongue that betrayed any counsell to the enemie the fourth punishment among the Romanes was Manuū amputatio to cut off the hands of those souldiers that were founde stealing or filching in the campe The fift punishment was Crurum exectio the breaking of the legges of those souldiers that forsooke theyr standart and so to leaue them without legs to staie behinde because when he had legges he would not follow his standart Another punishment they had called Decimation for offences among the souldiers vnknowne the tenth man by lot as it fel vpon him should die throughout the whole company this punishment Decimation was inuented first by Appius Claudius which long endured among the Romanes and most frequented The seuenth punishment was for them that fled to the enemies and returned to be eaten and deuoured of beasts So Scipio Affrican punished some Romain fugitiues Another punishment among the Romane souldiers was to be stoned to death so was Posthumius stoned in his Tents Another punishment among souldiers was to be shot to death the souldier being tied to a stake This punishment vsed Caesar Alexander the great and many other Generalls in diuers countries To be short Sepultura priuari sub crate necari carpento trahi and many other such you may read in Viget lib. 3. cap. 4. In this the Romaines differed from the Persians hardly would the Romanes trust any mercenary souldier or suffer any straunger as a souldier to be within their campe The Persians imitating the great king Cyrus counsell who euer thought it best to choose a souldier as a a man would make choice of a good horse to trauell far from home and to spare his owne people the Persians vntill extreame necessitie forced warres cleane contrary to the Romanes who neuer vsed but their owne Romane legions though they subdued the Macedonians the Persians and their kings yet the Romanes would not vse their martiall discipline which made the Romanes to vanquish all nations and to rule ouer all countries CHAP. II. Of the prouinciall regiments of the Romanes Of their rule and gouernment ouer the greatest kings of the world THe Romanes euery where most renowned for their fame in a manner Lords of the whole earth after they had conquered all nations kingdomes vnder them to pay tribute to the Empire of Rome and had appointed gouernors and regents to gouerne vnder them in euery country Some vnder Consuls some vnder Proconsuls some vnder Presidents some vnder Praetors and some vnder Knights and after they had diuided these kingdomes countries some into principallities some
brothers head was cut off at the battailes of Trebeia Thrasymen and Canne with the losse of three hundred Romaine Consuls Senators heads for Hanibal sent at that time after the victory of Canne to Carthage three bushels of gold rings which were had from the slaine Romaines in the field After that Hannibal was ouerthrowne by Scipio at the battell at Zama he fled to Antiochus the great whom hee perswaded with all meanes possible to take warres against the Romanes being so weakened and brought lowe by Hannibal at which time Antiochus beganne a new warre vpon the Romains whom they feared at the first beginning as much as they did Hannibal for before he had warres with the Romanes hee had conquered and subdued the most part of Asia and all which Zeleucus had subdued before him And Antiochus waxed so strong that he subdued many barbarous and warlike nations that therby he was called Antiochus the great and became so proud that by Hannibals meanes hee must needs war with the Romanes by whom hee lost diuers victories and lost all that he wanne before was quite subdued by the Romanes in the battell at Magnesia and driuen to be well contented to liue with very small territories without kingdomes or countries within the precincts of Mount Taurus Of this Antiochus might well be spoken what Antigonus spake of Pirrhus who compared him to a dice player who will not giue ouer vntill hee loose all his winning Hannibal after hee fled from Affricke being ouerthrowne by Scipio went to Antiochus the great whom he perswaded to take warres against the Romanes to whom Hannibal taught many stratagemes among the which hee taught him to throw little vessels full of Adders and Vipers into the Romane nauies on sea battels to hinder not only the souldiers from their fighting but also the saylers from their businesse The same selfe stratagem did Hannibal shew to Prusias king of Bythinia to whom he fled after Antiochus the great was ouerthrowne by the Romanes This Hannibal and his brother Asdrubal the one in Italy the other in Hispaine so afflicted and plagued the Romanes but it was well requited by the two Romane brethren Scipio Affrican and his brother Scypio Asiaticus both vpon Affrica and vpon Asia Scipio Asiaticus in Lydia in a battell against Antiochus the great after great tempest and raine which continued a whole day and a night together that both man and beast seemed weary was counselled by his brother Pub. Scipio Affrican the next morning to strike a battell against Antiochus though it was by the Romane lawes a day forbidden to fight and by his brothers counsell Scipio Asiaticus obtained a great victorie ouer Antiochus the great which was the first king among the Syrians called Antiochus the great and thereby Scipio was surnamed Asiaticus after the ouerthrow of Antiochus as his brother Scipio was surnamed Affricanus after the great ouerthrowe of Hannibal So Cn. Pompeius was called Pompey the great after the ouerthrowe of Sertorius and his complices in Hispaine So Alexander was called Alexander the great after hee ouerthrew Darius and obtained the Empire of Persia. This good successe of these victories had by the Romanes onely by the meanes of Scipio Affrican who draue Hannibal out of Italy into Affrica and out of Affrica into Asia and brought all the Citties of Italy vnder the obeysance of the Romaines neither Scipio would giue Affrica or Carthaginians ouer before he sawe Carthage burnt before his face yet all the Captaines of Carthage when nothing did profit them after the matrons and women of the Citie had shaued all their heads and brought their haires vnto the captaines as the Massilians and the Rhodians did the like to make Gables for theyr Nauies and Match for theyr shottes and yet when they sawe it would not holde then all the Towne lockt theyr gates and brought all theyr goods and treasure to the midst of the Towne and burned them and themselues before they would yeeld to the Romanes in the sight of Scipio who with teares bewayled the vnfortunate estate and lamentable ende of Carthage burning before his face for the space of seuenteene dayes saying to Polybius Veniet illa dies qua Troia nostra peribit After all this seruice of Scipio hee dyed bannished out of Rome as Hannibal died out of Affrica In Rome after Scipio beganne Marius to be great and so great that he was chosen seuen seuerall times Consull of Rome vnder this Marius serued Lu. Sylla a young gallant Captaine and grew by degrees in Rome so great that he went against fifteene Generalls of his enemies who had foure hundred and fiftie Ensignes of footemen well armed in the field against him as Sylla himselfe reporteth it in his Commentaries written to Lucullus but he wanne the victorie This time said Carbo the head and chiefe of all Marius faction the onely enemie of Sylla that Sylla was lyke a Foxe to deceiue his enemies and like a Lyon to fight with his enemies Sylla fought with captaines of greatest power and ouercame them What king liuing then in the East was of such power as Mithridates of such courage as Lamponius of such stoutnesse as Telestinus the Samnite This Sylla after the ouerthrow of these three by force of arms got many victories in Asia and in Greece and became as great as Marius was in Rome and they both grewe so great that one could not abide the name of the other hence grew factions and partakings in Rome betweene Sylla and Marius by ciuill warres That as the Giliadites suffered not one Ephraimite to passe ouer Iorden that could not pronounce Shchiboleth so none might liue in Rome but those whom Sylla either spake vnto or Marius reacht his hand vnto Such was the hatred betweene them both that Rome could not containe Sylla and Marius together at one time no more then Rome could endure Pompey and Caesar and yet in the midst of their ciuil wars Marius saued Syllas life against Sulpitius minde but Marius and his sonne were after ouerthrowne by Sylla So Caesar saued Brutus life in the battell of Pharsalia against Mar. Antonius will but Brutus was one of the chiefe conspirators that kild Caesar in the Senate house So Brutus saued Mar. Antonius life at that time when Caesar was slaine in the Senate against Cassius will But Mar. Antonius neuer gaue Brutus ouer vntill he slue him at the battell of Philippus And thus Marius was ouerthrowne by Sylla whose life he saued So was Caesar slain by Brutus whose life Caesar saued and Brutus by Mar. Antonius whose life Brutus saued But after Sylla Marius rage was past Pompey which Sertorius called Syllas boye when Pompey was a young captaine vnder Sylla in Affrica this young captain Syllas boy subdued all Sertorius captaines Marius Carinna Caelius and Brutus After them Pompey ouerthrew Scypio the Consul and after Scypio Carbo who had bene three times Consul in Rome After
a lawe was made against ambitious men that if any sought singularitie either by his wisedome or by his wealth or by fauour of the people hee should be banished by the lawe Ostracismus out of Athens as Themistocles was So ambitious men in Rome to get loue and fauour of the people by the lawe called Lex agraria were not onely banished out of Rome as Themistocles was out of Athens but sometimes slaine in Rome as both Tiberius and Cai. Gracchus were And therfore Platoes opiniō was that he which began to be ambitious by any secret practise with the enemies to hurt his country or made meanes to make warres of his owne head should be deliuered into the enemies hand and therefore Asdrubal did counsell the Carthagineans to giue Hannibal into the Romanes hands because Hannibal hated the Romans because he made war of his owne priuate head without the authoritie of the Senators of Carthage And so Cato Marcellus and others perswaded the Senators of Rome to deliuer Caesar vnto the Gaules for the like cause for that they suspected Caesar with Cateline and euer found him ambitious and desirous of warre in Rome and out of Rome and therefore ambitious Generalls and Captaines are euer most dangerous and most necessary to be lookt vnto The ambition of the Israelites is not to bee passed ouer as Absolon through ambition vnder pretence of iustice went about to take away the hearts of the people from his father the king saying often Oh that I were a Iudge of the land that I might do iustice to them that haue matters in the lawe and when any man came to do him obeysance he tooke him by the hand and kissed him and thus by degrees stole the hearts of the men of Israel from his father Likewise Adoniah Absolons brother through ambition also exalted himselfe and wanne all his bretheren the kings sonnes and all the men of Iudah the kings seruants that through ambition hee occupied the kingdome vnwitting to his father the king Hammon the Macedonian was so ambitious in Persia the kings court that he could not abide the sight of Mardochaeus because he wold not bend bowe his knee vnto him Abimelech went to Sychem and communed with his mothers kinred for that hee was a bastard to Gedeon saying in the eares of the people that it were better for them to haue one then to let the seuentie sonnes of Gedeon to raigne ouer them for I am your bones and your flesh so ambitious was Abimelech that hee went secretly to Ephrah and slew the 70. sonnes of Gedeon vpon a stone Antipater was so ambitious in Athens that he could not suffer the Orators to liue in Greece no more then Hamon could suffer the Iewes to liue in Persia but sent diuers to seeke and to search for them that when Hiperides was found he was commaunded by Antipater to be punished with all tortures to haue him to reueale the secrets of Athens and to confesse the faults of Lycurgus Demosthenes Isocrates and others Demosthenes and Isocrates hearing of Hiperides great tortures and thereby his death and of the victory at the battell of Cranon vnder that cruel king Antipater which after marched with his army towards Athens the one famished himselfe the other poisoned himselfe the rather for that the tyrant Archias should not bring Demosthenes aliue to Antipater who made great search for him so Antipater most cruelly tirannized with secret ambition against the poore Orators in Athens Not onely the Orators in Athens but also diuers Philosophers as Cleanthes Zeno Empedocles and others who in like sort to auoyd Antipaters tyrannie slew themselnes for very griefe to see Athens the schoole and nurse of learning at that time so oppressed through ambition The ambition of Sylla was such towards Marius and Marius towards Sylla that it ouerthrew welnigh the Empire of Rome betweene them and their confederates that Sertorius Carbo and other Romane Captaines carried flames of ambition from Rome to Hispaine and Affrica after whom warre followed so fast that Sertorius could scarse settle himselfe to gather an army either in Hispaine or in Affrike but three Romane captaines one after an other followed him at the heeles Cotta to whom Sertorius gaue battell and ouerthrew him by sea after Cotta Phidius whose army Sertorius ouerthrew and caused Phidius to flye after Phidius Toranius whom he slew and the most part of his army the fourth Metellus who was driuen by Sertorius to such a pinch that had not Pompey the great comne from Rome he had fared litle better then the rest who for a time both Pompey and Metellus had both their hands full to do with Sertorius This is that Metellus which caused Scypio Affrican to sweare that he would not forsake neither Rome nor Italy his countrey which he thought to do with many Romanes more after the great ouerthrow of the Romanes by Haniball at the battel of Canne This Metellus is that old woman of which Sertorius said that he had whipt Pompey Syllas boy had not that olde woman Metellus comne which being told Pompey he answered I had rather be Syllas boy then Syllas fugitiue as Sertorius is Pompey himselfe within 34. yeares after was forced to follow Sertorius steppes and to flye from Caesar as Sertorius fled from Sylla for Caesar followed Pompey from the field Pharsalia to Egipt where Pompey was slaine as Pompey followed Sertorius from Rome to Affrike where Sertorius likewise was slaine Ambition therefore the secret serpent in euery common-wealth as you heard before among the Grecians among the Israelites and among the Romanes and yet in Athens there was one Aristides that resisted the ambition of Themistocles and in Rome one Cato that reprehended the ambition of Caesar and in Israel one Iothan that accused the ambition of Abimelech But as the Philosopher said the whole world is a common-wealth of contention that if strife and contention had no place in nature the generation of all things should be at a stay and therefore ambition and contention was allowed among the Lacedemonians by Licurgus lawe as a spurre to prick them forward to martiall actions Among the Athenians they thought it great pollicie to keepe men of state in equall authorities least any should excell either in greatnesse wealth wisedome honour or credit among the people and therefore Aristides was ioyned in all authorities with Themistocles and Phocion with Alcibiades for Themistocles and Alcibiades were noted ambitious men in Athens and Aristides and Phocion knowne to be found and iust and if any seemed to seeke singularitie through ambition or otherwise among the Athenians he should be banished out of Athens by the lawe of Ostracismus So likewise among the Romanes as among the Greekes nothing was so common as banishment as in Athens Aristides for his iustice Milciades for his victories Phocion for his good life Socrates for his vertues Solon for his sound
the Gyants who challenged Iupiter and the rest of the gods to battell but though this be fabulous cōcerning the Gyants yet the building of Babel is written by Moses that Babel was builded so high by Nimrod both to auoyd a second deludge and to reuenge his stock and family destroyed in the first but the Lord saw their folly confounded their workes by a confusion of one language into many Philo might aske a questiō aswell now why the Lord did not ouerthrow the tower of Babel with winde tempest and thunderbolts as he did aske why the Lord did not destroy Egipt with Lyons Tygres Beares and such But as Philo answered his owne question that it was to fright them with Frogges Flies Grashoppers and suche simple vermines to shewe his mercie and to saue them to repentance and not to destroy them with wilde beasts And so with the like reason Philo or any man for Philo may now answere that the Lord would not destroy the Tower of Babel with tempest and wind to destroy the people but by diuiding of one tongue into many that they might acknowledge the Lord to be God and to confesse their owne folly If Nimrod had confessed his sinne and said I haue sinned as Dauid spake to Nathan the Prophet or with Daniel who said Peccauimus iniquitatē fecimus or with Nehemias who said I and my fathers house haue sinned to whom the Lord shewed mercy Wicked Pharao also said to Moses I haue sinned against the Lord and the Lord is iust I and my people are wicked Saul said I haue sinned and haue done foolishly So Iudas the traytor said I haue sinned in betraying innocent blood but the Lord accepteth not the fained confession of wicked men CHAP. XIII Of securitie of Generalls in warres Of celetitie in victories Of diuers dreames and names giuen TWo much securitie was in Pompey his souldiers after he had giuen two repulses to Caesars souldiers at Dyrachium as Caesar said himself the victory might haue bene Pompeys if he had followed his good fortune So againe if Pompey had followed his good lucke and had not staied the Romane youthes being fierce to goe forwards at the battell at Pharsalia he had put Caesar to greater daunger then he was at Dyrachium So Hannibal was toucht with that fault by Hamilcar the Affrican that if he had gone forwards and brought his armie after the battell at Canne before Rome as Scipio after his ouerthrow of Hannibal brought his force before Curthage Rome might haue bene in as great a daunger as Carthage was Nothing abused Pompey so much as his owne captaines flattering him and calling him the great Agamemnon king of kings by Domitius Scypio Spinther and others after the victory at Dyrachium assuring themselues soone to ouerthrow Caesars armie and contending in brauery for offices at their return to Rome drawing lots who should be Consuls Praetors Quaestors or high Bishop which Caesar himselfe was at that time It should seeme that Pompey and his captaines made no doubt of the victory for when his campe was taken his tents and pauilions were full of nosegaies and garlands of mirtle and their coaches all couered with flowers their tables full of bowles of wine as men more readie to doo sacrifice for ioy before the victorie then armed and prepared to fight for the victory At Fortuna vitrea cum splendet frangitur So also Tigranes king of Armenia was flattered with his Leiftenants Captaines and other Parasites who scoffed and flowted the Romanes they sported and made a May game of Lucullus army some deuiding the spoile and drawing lots before the battell began much like to the Cherussians the Sueuians and the Sycambrians who gathered themselues together in a great army they likewise like the Armenians little esteeming the Romaines deuided the Romane spoiles betweene them before they fought for it the Cherussians would haue all the Romane horses the Sueuians would haue all the gold siluer of the Romanes the Sycambrians all the Romain captiues taken prisoners in the wars Thus had they fully concluded before the battel began but it fell out otherwise for Drusus the Romaine Captaine ouerthrew them that their horses their cattels their chaines their gold and siluer and they themselues were a spoile and a pray to the Romanes Incerti exitus pugnarum Mars communis said Cicero it was euer found in all warres that Nimia fiducia semper noxia The like victorie had Lucullus ouer Tigranes king of Armenia whose captaines before scoffed and flowted Lucullus army deuiding the Romane spoyles before the battell beganne but they were ouerthrowne by Lucullus to the slaughter of a hundred thousand footemen and the most part of the horsemen slaine and the king himselfe hardly escaped and for that so many were slaine of the enemies and so fewe of the Romans Plutarch saith that the Sun saw not the like ouerthrow that such varietie of shews were seen of Chariots Coaches and of infinite number of Cartes that carried the spoiles of Armours of Ensignes of battering peeces besides twentie cupbords full of siluer plate thirtie cupboords full of golden vessels eight Moiles laden with golde a hundred and seuen Moiles loaden with siluer coine Crassus at the sight of this Lucullus triumph was afterwards when he was Consul with Pompey the great so beyond all measure most desirous with all celeritie to take his iourney against the Parthians with more haste then good speed In like sort the sight of Milciades triumphe mooued Themistocles in his youth to say that he could not sleepe in his bed before he had obtained the like triumph and so he proued among so many great captaines in Greece one of the greatest for he was being but a young youth at the battell at Plataea being the first battell and the first victorie that the Grecians had ouer the Persians Hee was also at the battell at Marathon with more commendatiō then he had at Plataea but in the battels at Salamina and Artemisium all Greece gaue him the honour and fame the one by sea the other by land he did all thinges with such celeritie that Themistocles himselfe would say that whatsoeuer hapned to him well hapned by celeritie But it seemed that Themistocles with all celeritie missed to borrowe money in the I le of Andria though he brought two great and mightie gods with him from Athens the one called the God of Loue the other the God of Force requesting the Andrians to lend some money to please to satisfie the want of their Gods But he was answered by the people of Andria that there were two as great goddesses with them in Andria as there were in Athens the which commaunded the Andrians neither to lend nor to giue any money to Themistocles gods saying our goddesse of Pouerty weigheth not for loue neither doth the goddesse of Impossibilitie weigh for force The Lacedemonians were not so religious as
the wicked pa. ead The vowes of the Nazarites pa. 281 Monasticall vowes pa. ead The Rechabites vowes pa. 282 The Oracles of Ammon pa. 283 Signes of victories giuen by the Lord pa. 284 The Hebrewes consulted with Urim and Thummim pa. 285 The superstitious Oracles of the Gentiles pa. 286 The Consuls of Rome and the Kings of Sparta deposed pa. 287 Soothsaying by flying of fowles pa. 288 Cyrus and Alexander forewarned of their death by soothsaying pa. 289 Themistocles pa. ead Aristander Alexander his soothsayer pa. 290 Superstitious Oracles of the Gentiles pa. ead The greedinesse of Dacius and Xerxes of money pa. 291 Any stratageme in iust warres is lawfull pa. 292 The credit of Soothsayers pa. 293 The Idolatry of Israel pa. ead The rich spoile which Philip had in Delphos pa. 294 Sanctuaries allowed by the Lord to the Hebrewes pa. 295 Sanctuaries allowed among all nations pa. 296 Kings fledde to Sanctuaries pa. ead The abuse and ill order of Sanctuaries pa. 297 The breach of lawes seuerely punished in kings pa. 298 Numas religious lawes in Rome pa. 299 The prophanatiō of the ceremonies of Ceres by Alcibiades and Clodius pa. 300 20000. ware mourning apparell for Cicero in Rome pa. ead Ciceroes opinion of the Romaine victories pa. 301 Antalcidas saying to Agesilaus pa. 302 Alexander the great rewarded maimed souldiers pa. ead The liberalitie of Captaines pa. 303 Condemned murtherers sacrificed on Captaines graues pa. 304 Greedie Princes euer lost more the they wanne pa. 305 Of ambitious Generals and Captaines page 306. 307. 308 The Image of Iustice painted in Egipt without a head page 307 Platoes opinion against ambitious men pa. ead Philosophers slew themselues pa. 309 The victories of Sertorius page 310 Licurgus lawe allowed ambition pa. 311 Ambitious men banished from Athens pa. ead Themistocles banished pa. 312 Comparisons betweene the Romanes and the Grecians page 314 Pericles surnamed Olimpius pa. ead Pirrhus saying of Rome pa. 315 Philopomen the last Captaine of any fame in Greece pa. 316 Of diuers kindes of trumpets in warres 317. 318 Of diuers tents and sailes page 319 The watch word of diuers noble captaines in their warres page 320 Of sundrie stratagems pa. 321 Crassus slaine among the Parthians pa. 322 The ouerthrow of the Romanes by the Cymbrians pa. 323 Pub. Ventidius triumphes page 324 The victories of the Greekes at Marathon pa. 325 The victorie of the Syracusans ouer the Athenians pa. 326 The battell at Cranon pa. 327 Alexander feared in Greece pa. ead Libraries destroyed pa. 328 The librarie of Attalus and Eumenes in Asia destroyed page 329 Aiax Patroclus two Elephants so named of Antiochus pa. ead The librarie at Rome pa. ead The Romanes only professed armes pa. 330 The opinion of Cato pa. ead Callimachus and Chrysippus great writers pa. 331 The lawe of Armes broken pa. 332 Faire words deceiued many Captaines pa. ead Archidamus counsell to the Lacedemonians pa. 333 Much bloud spent in breach of faith pa. ead The breach of the lawe of Armes pa. 334. 335 Zopyrus stratagem pa. 336 Aiax foolish answere to his father pa. ead Cyrus and Agamemnons wish pa. pa. 337 The great pride of Xerxes and Nimrod pa. 338 Securitie in warres hurtfull pa. 339 Pompeys parasites pa. ead The victorie of Drusus pa. 340 The flatterers of Tigranes King of Armenia pa. ead The victorie of Lucullus ouer the Athenians pa. ead Themistocles celeritie in his victories pa. 341 30000. Archers draue Agesilaus out of Persia pa. 342 An Owle printed on the coyne of Athens pa. ead The celeritie and quick dispatch of great captaines pa. 343 Celeritie praised page 344 Astiages dreames pa. 345 Xerxes dreame pa. ead Hanibals dreame pa. 346 Ioseph enuied of his bretheren pa. ead Iosephs second dreame pa. 347 Ioseph and Daniel expounders of dreames pa. ead Isaac named pa. 348 Women among the Israelites gaue names to their children pa. ead The surnames of great Romaine captaines pa. 349 Moneths named after the name of Emperors pa. ead The surnames of great Captaines and Generals in Greece pa. 350 Arsaces the name of all the Kings in Parthia pa. 351 The Iuorie house of Achab. pa. 352 FINIS 39. Kings ouerthrowne by Moises and Ioshua Of combats The vow of Cherim Adam rescued by the seed of the womā Luke 11. Elizeus leadeth the Army of Benhadad blind frō Dothan to Samaria They that mourned in Ierusalem were marked with the letter Tau Pauls marke Iacobites marke Cains mark Esaus marke Turneb lib. 24. cap. 12. The markes of diuers nations with the letter Tau Appul lib. 9. Alex. Neapolit lib. 6. cap. 18. The time that Barbers were first seen in Rome Philip. Archidamus Abraham the first man marked Gen. 12. Abraham feared Abimelech and Pharao for his wife Abraham read Astronomy in Egipt Ioseph lib. 1. de Antiq. I◅ Abraham rescued the fiue kings and Lot his Nephew The victorie of Gedeon ouer the Madianites Iud. 7. Dauid rescued his two wiuess 1. Sam. 30. Gen. 14. Three Angels feasted at Mambre with Abraham Foure were named before they were borne Tantae virtutis est quātae difficultatis bonum esse inter malos Bernar. Epis. 25. Ismaelites would not be called Agareni of Agar but Saraceni of Sarah The Tower of Babel builded by Nimrod Cyrus army to Scythia Alexan. voyage to India Ninus the first Monarch Barsanes Diodor fic◅ lib. 3. Farnus K. of the Meades Seuen hundred thousand Zoroastes laught at his birth The first Idolatry by Ninus Baal the first Idoll Plato in T◅meo The male children of the Hebrues were thrown to Nilus The tyrannie of Pharao Oros. lib. 1. cap. 10. A comparison betweene the Egiptians and the Romanes The armies of the Lord in Egipt vnder Moses The first plague The comparison of the first plague with the first persecuton Orosi lib. 7. Nero slue himselfe Ester 3. 3. Reg. ca. 19 4. Reg. ca. 21 The second plague An armie of Frogges Exod. 8. The second tryumph of Moses in Egipt The blasphemy of Nicanor punished The comparison of the second plagne with the second persecution The horrible blasphemie both of Pharao and Domitianus alike Domitianus Image set vp in the temple as Ierusalem Domitianus slaine in his owne house by his seruants The third plague Exod. 8. Iamnes and Iambres The third persecution Pliny to Traiane Philo was not heard of Nero. Sapor King of Persia. The fourth plague The fourth yeelding of Pharao to Moses The fourth persecution The fighting of the Iewes with wilde beasts The yeelding of tyrants Blasphemers confesse the Lord to be God The fift plague Pharao and Esau compared The fift persecution Septimius and Antiochus murthered The tyrannie of Antiochus against the Iewes 1. Machab. 6. Ioseph li. 12. cap. 13. Antiochus at his death confessed the great wrong he did to Ierusalem and Iudah The sixt plague The fable of Manetho of Moses which he named Osarphis Tisithes Pliny his opinion of Moses Ioseph lib. 2. contra Appionem The sixt persecution Euseb. lib.
ciuill warres Is domo patria fortunisque omnibus careto he should be banished from his friends and from his countrey Timoleon compared to Pau. Aemilius two noble captaines and worthy members of their countries the one so esteemed in Syracusa that whatsoeuer Timoleon said was taken for a lawe among the Syracusans the others fortune was so great in Rome that hee enriched the Romane treasurie with the wealth and riches of two kingdomes Macedonia and Illyria and brought to the Empire of Macedonia all the olde monuments of the auntient Kings of Macedonia and of Alexander the great vnto Rome Philopomen also was compared to Titus Quint. both great benefactors to their countries both at one time in Greece Philopomen being the last captaine of the Grecians that defended Greece and Titus one of the first Romane captaines that first subdued Greece and after enlarged them and restored to them their lawes and liberties at what time crowes fell downe to the ground by the sound of mens voices when Titus proclaimed peace and libertie vnto the Grecians at the games of Isthmia And so likewise in Rome when Pompey the great restored the Tribuneship vnto the people which Sylla tooke away the like happened that the people being so many and their ioyes so great the sound of the people pearcced the ayre that many crowes fell downe in the market place at Rome as they did in Greece at the games of Isthmia Hauing compared some Greeke and Romane captaines in their warres and victories one with the other it were not amisse to touch the sundry militarie instruments and warlike soundes which all Nations vsed in going to the warres and of their watch-word in their warres Among the olde auntient Romaines they vsed the sounding of diuers trumpets and hornes together going to any warre or battell with the Romane legions The Egiptians cannot abide the sound of ttumpets for that it doth resemble the crying of an asse for there is nothing so odious among the Aegiptians as is the noyse of an asse and so odious that if any man do call a man an asse in Egipt an action may be had against him by the lawe of Bochoris they vsed brazen tymbrels and hornes for trumpets when they goe to warres The warlike Lacedemonians sound neither trumpets nor hornes when they goe to their warres but flutes which yeeldeth so sweete and plausible a sound that they march proportionably with their feet keeping measure with their instrument This was set downe to the Lacedemonians by Licurgus The Parthians in their warres vse great hollow kettles and pannes and great brazen pottes and a number of little belles like the lowing of many wilde beastes with such terrour and noyse to feare the enemies The Lydians come to their warres with diuers kinds of pipes as howboies recorders bagpipes and diuers other such The Cymbrians with diuers kinde of dried skinnes drawne hard round about their chariots and coaches in forme and maner like great and huge drums which they beate and strike which makes such an horrible sound much like the great thunders The Indians in theyr warres vse Cymballes and Belles for it was not lawfull among the Indians to vse Flutes but in the Kings house when the King went to bed As the king of Cicilia vsed harpes and chirping notes of birds to make the king sleepe Among the people of Creete they vsed flutes and harpes in their warres and thus in all countries they vsed their proper warlike instruments when they marched into their battels The Hebrues in the warres which they had with the Canaanites vsed trumpets and rammes hornes for Moses was commaunded by the Lorde to make two siluer trumpets and to sound them to call the armie together when they marched against their enemies So was Ioshua at the battell at Iericho likewise commaunded that the Priests should sound rammes hornes These Hebrew battels were the only examples to the Gentiles in their warres for as the trumpets hornes are most auncient so after among all nations they inuented diuers warlike instruments as in steede of trumpets in theyr warres and diuers kindes of variable sounds The Phrygians sounded most lamentable and pittifull notes the Lacedemonians sweet pleasant notes the Lydians mournfull and planctiue the Ionians merry pleasant notes the Dorians warlike notes In so much that when Timotheus the trumpeter sounded that Doriā warlike note Alexander the great streight called for his armor it so kindled and inflamed Alexanders minde to armes Hannibal neuer vsed sound of trumpets nor warlike notes but secret stratagems without further notice or knowledge to his enemies but only his tents couered with red the very selfe same day that he would haue his souldiers readie to fight It seemed that Hanibal imitated Alexander the great herein who vsed to set vp certaine red banners and flags about his tents in his warres against Darius king of Persia. And Darius himselfe in the selfe same warre against Alexander had vpon his tent the Image of the Sunne set in Christall that shined ouer all the whole campe especially in the night time So vsed the Romanes aswel as the Greekes in the sea fight euery captaine to hang vp in theyr ship some marke or other to be knowne as Lysander hangd vp in his ship a brazen target as a signe to be knowne to the rest of the nauies Brutus in his warres against Mar. Antonius at Philippus had a round circle that his nauy might be knowne from others Mar. Antonius in his battell against Octauius Augustus at Actium gaue purple sailes to his Praetorian nauies as signes of his pride and hope of his victories but soone forsaken for he was glad to flie follow after Cleopatra Alexander the great when he sailed to India vsed diuers colours of sailes in his nauies wherby one captaine might know the other and himselfe in his owne shippe had purple sailes The Romaines vsed to haue painted vpon their ships banners and flagges the pictures Images and names of their Emperours and Generalls The Grecians vsed also to paint write the names of their nauies according to the names of those Iles where they were made Others the Image pictures of their gods of the countries as the Greekes Neptune and the Troians Minerua Now that you haue read what military and warlike instruments all nations vsed in their warres you shall also read the watchwords of great Generals noble captaines which they vsed in their greatest warres Cyrus the great king of Persia vsed this sentence for his watchword Iupiter belli socius Dux Clau. Caesar imitating Cyrus vsed a whole sentence for his watch-word to his souldiers Virum vlscis◅ decet Others for the most part both of Greekes and Romanes vsed onely to giue one word to their souldiers as Iulius Caesar gaue for his watch-word in some battels Victoria in other battels his watch-word was Faelicitas In some other of his