Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
war_n	caesar_n	civil_a	pompey_n	2,660	5	10.9879	5	false

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A01289	An historicall collection of the continuall factions, tumults, and massacres of the Romans and Italians during the space of one hundred and twentie yeares next before the peaceable empire of Augustus Cæsar Selected and deriued out of the best writers and reporters of these accidents, and reduced into the forme of one entire historie, handled in three bookes. Beginning where the historie of T. Liuius doth end, and ending where Cornelius Tacitus doth begin.	Fulbecke, William, 1560-1603?.	1601 (1601)	STC 11412; ESTC S102772	89,977	230

were nearest vnto the enemies he tooke Vellannodunum the citie of the Senones Genabis the chiefe towne of the Carnutians which he spoiled and burnt and many other townes did he take and seised vpon many of the rebels receiuing some of them into his mercie punishing very sharply the most notorious offenders In the eight yeare he pursued the Carnutians to their vttermost ouerthrow the Bellofaci conducted by two valiant captaines Corbius and Comius were enforced to submit themselues and Corbius was then slaine by Caesars horsemen In the ninth yeare Caesar did not enterprise any warlike affaires but laboured specially to cut off all occasions of reuolting therfore honorably emparling with the magistrates of the cities bestowing vpon the gouernors great rewards and burdening them with no new taxes he brought Fraunce being wearied by many warres to a perfect and perpetuall peace and departed thence to Italie but was still garded with an armie of souldiers In the seuenth yeare of Caesars warfare in Fraunce Iulia Caesars daughter departed this world and Pompeis litle sonne which he had by her within a short space after died also which was a great cracke to the concord before continued Pompey had alreadie proroged his PraesideÌ„tship in the prouince of Spain for fiue yeares but the people of Rome did exceedingly grudge that either Caesar or PoÌ„pey should in any forraine prouince haue an armie of souldiers at their commaund sith all warres both forreine and domesticall were ceassed determined because they thought by that meane some daunger might grow to the Citie for Pompey being now in Rome did rule Spaine by Affranius and Petreius his Lieutenants hauing in seuerall cities seuerall garrisons and C. Caesar had in the bosome of Italie an huge hoast had then a garrison at Rauenna where he was personally resideÌ„t this did seeme also inconuenient to many of the nobles and Pompey shewed himselfe very partiall for he did fawne vpon them which would haue had Caesars armie dismissed but was very aduerse to others who would haue measured him by the same compasse who if he had died in Campania two yeares before the ciuill wars where he was greatly assayed by sicknesse at which time all Italie did make speciall vowes for his health his glorie which was gained by sea and land he had caried vntouched to the graue Vpon these considerations L. Lentulus and C. Marcellus being Consuls a decree was made by the Senate that within a time limited Caesar should discharge his armie and if he would not that he should be accompted an enemie for Caesar wold haue bene made Consul in his absence but M. Cato did well answere that no citizen ought to praescribe lawes to the common-weale wherefore it was ordained that Caesar contenting himselfe with one legion should beare only the title of the PresideÌ„t of France and that he should come into the citie as a priuate man in his suite for the Consulship should wholly relye vpon the voices of the people C. Curio an impudent oratour a maÌ„ wickedly witted and eloquent for a publike mischiefe whose mind no riches could satisfie nor any pleasures sufficiently please who first stood for PoÌ„pey as it was then accompted for the common weale which I do not speake to reprooue but that I might not be reprooued and now was in shew and apparance both against Pompey and Caesar but in deed and mind wholly for Caesar this Curio Tribune of the people posted in hast to Rauenna where Caesar was and signified vnto him the order of the Senate applying his eloquence as a brand to the inflaming of Caesars furie Curio came to Caesar at the entrance of twilight when the cloud of vapours and exhalations is by nature disposed to turn men into melancholie which tooke so deepe hold on Caesar that making no answer to Curio but casting himselfe on his bed he did in this sort expostulate with the Romanes Thus is Caesar measured with a scantling dieted with a paring and rewarded with nothing Vanish from me thou sad and vgly coÌ„cubine of Erebus thou grimme and duskie night which with thy blacke circumference doest hood winke our sences driuing the day from vs before we can flesh our swords contracting our sinewes when they are but newly stretched causing vs to lurke in our cabbons when we should cleaue to the throats of our enemies vanish I say from me and delay not with thy lingering minutes my expeditioÌ„ against Rome Against Rome Ã´ the eccho of my heart nay for Rome against the Romanes amongst whom is Cn. Pompeius Magnus but not yet Maximus for he lacketh a degree of that and before he can attaine to it there will be effusion of bloud by successioÌ„ But what careth he for that was he not one of Syllaes whelpes whose sword reaking with Italian bloud he so greedily licked that the tast thereof doth as yet relice in his rauenous and polluted lawes But learne of Sylla learn of thy Sylla Pompey that a tyrant bathing himselfe in goare shall at length sinke by the weight of his cruelties VVhat Caesar hath done I referre to the Oracle of Bellona what he will do I leaue to the concealed decree of sacred vengeance what he may do let the foredoming Parcae praedestinate what he ought to do let warlike iustice pronounce VVas not Pompey made Consul without suing without seeking without speaking and shall I requesting yea and humbly requesting suffer a repulse Fortune thou mightie and miraculous Goddesse which in a moment doest procure a world of varieties whetting with thine anger the points of our launces shaking crownes and kingdomes with the spurne of thy foote triumphing ouer our victories with the speckled wheeles of thy voluble chariot controlling our hope with thy frowning countenance thou knowest great goddesse that if Rome hath at any time flourished if it hath at any times tasted the pure and vnmingled extract of sincere happinesse if it were euer caried on the brode wings of fame if it did euer swim in a floud of plentie it was through Caesar and his fortune yet we are now dispised and yet we will not be despised fortune is able to reuenge the iniurie done to Caesar and Caesar will alwaies fight for the praeheminence of his fortune Therefore for the honour of Aeneas against the defacers of his race for the credit of mount Palatine against the vniust magistrates of Rome for the glorie of Romulus who shineth in the heauens like a giant-starre against the seditious repugnants I will shoot the sting of my wrath and they shall well perceiue that Caesar aesteemes no better of his enemies then if a sort of hares should be harnessed which would trust rather to their feete then to their force auaunt froÌ„ me pitie thou feminine passion for I will deriue my name of a martiall act and wil be called Ã caedendo Caesar possesse therfore my heart thou dreadfull Nemesis ransacke my vaines rage within me wrath assist me fiends

an hundred and thirtie Senators among whom was L. Paulus the brother of M. Lepidus L. Caesar the vncle of Antonius and he who did so much praise Octauius M. Cicero But that was done by the venimous rancor of Antonius by whose meanes he was beheaded and the head was serued in mease vnto him which when Fuluia the impudent wife of Antonius had espied plucking and renting from the chaps his golden tongue she distained it with the spittle fome of her mouth she pricked it with needles launced it with her nailes brayed it with her fist racked it with her armes and stamped it with her feete Foolish and senslesse anger to inflict reuenge vpon a thing that was senslesse and for the misliking of the man to hate the dead part of his body But thou didst nothing Antonius for the indignation of posteritie will rise against thee thou didst nothing by taking away the publike voice of the City and that all-pleasing tongue Thou hast dispoiled Cicero of a poore remnant of dayes thou hast pared away his old age thou hast caused him to be slaine when he wished for death but his fame and the glorie of his vertues and excellent learning thou art so farre from abridging that thou hast augmented it he liueth and shall liue by the memorie of all ages and whilst the frame of this world shall stand and this bodie of nature shal continue which that onely Romane did in minde contemplate by wit vnderstand by eloquence describe the commendation of Cicero shall alway accompanie it the succeding wits shall wonder at his writings euery mans doome shall condemne thy cruelty But the miserie of these times none can sufficiently deplore so vnpossible it is to expresse it by words But this is to be noted that the care of wiues toward their husbands that were proscribed was maruellous in the highest degree the fidelitie of their free-men but indifferent the loyaltie of their bond-men very slender the loue of their children none at all so grisly and loathsome is aduersity to a mans owne bowels Cassius hearing of the great tumults of Rome went from Syria to Smyrna in Asia where M. Brutus was to take aduise of the ordering of the battel against M. Antonius C. Octauius who they heard did make expedition against them VVherefore Cassius hauing ouercome the Rhodians and Ariobarzanes and Brutus hauing subdued the Patareans the Lycians and other nations of Asia which did before molest them they hasted to Macedonia that they might there wage battell And thither not long after came Caesar and M. Antonius with a huge host and before the citie of Philippi they faced their enemies with the tents That fight was verie fierce and very doubtful for Brutus put Caesar to flight and Antonius Cassius and each of their tents was ransacked of the victor C. Cassius when Brutus who he feared was slaine returned a farre off with his horsemen thinking that they were the enemies that pursued him did worke his owne death by the hand of one of his retinue VVithin a few dayes after M. Brutus being ouercome in another battell and ouerborne with despaire enforced Strabo that fled with him to slay him with his sword which act many noble Romanes to the number of fortie did imitate There were neuer anie to whom fortune did sooner approch theÌ„ to Brutus and Cassius and neuer anie from whom she did more suddenly flie Cassius was the better Captaine Brutus the better Counseller Brutus was more to be loued Cassius to be feared because the one excelled in vertue the other in valor VVho if they had conquered in this fight it would haue bene more expedient for the Romanes to haue bene ruled by Brutus then Cassius by how much it was more safe to them in the end to be gouerned by Octauius then Antonius The yeare following there grew discord betweene Caesar and L. Antonius Consul and Fuluia wife to M. Antonius They were offended with Caesar because he shared that part of Macedonia to his souldiers which M. Antonius should haue had Fuluia was the more earnest against Octauius because he had coÌ„ceiued a deep displeasure against her daughter and had thereupon diuorced her Caesar was likewise incensed against Antonius because he would not send to him that supply of souldiers which he ought to haue Antonius therefore in his brothers quarell maintained warre Fuluia leagued vnto him held Praeneste and there she behaued her selfe as the other Consul coÌ„temning P. Seruilius who was indeed Consul being like to a woman in nothing but onely in sexe L. Antonius with an hostile inuasion entred the citie of Rome the armie of M. Lepidus who was left there as warden of the Citie being discomfited and afterward departing thence toward Fraunce was intercepted by Caesar who besieged him a long time at Perusia in the countrey of Hetruria and oftentimes making an eruption suffering a repulse he was constrained to submit him selfe whom Caesar pardoned but many of the Senators and Romane Knights were sacrificed vpon the altar of Iulius Caesar He destroyed Perusia and hauing brought into his power all the armie of the contrarie side ended that warre Cn. Domitius Caluinus and C. Asinius Pollio being Consuls Pollio was a man of notable gifts who howsoeuer matters befell was loued of all sortes of men Iulius Caesar did make great reckening and accompt of him after his death the enemies of Caesar did greatly fauour him M. Antonius had him in singular aestimation Octauius held him neare vnto his heart an excellent scholer and a worthie souldier the onely obiect of the learned whom both in prose poemes they haue condignely commended so that I need not to proceede in his praises this is my only doubt whether he were more to be extolled for his laudable qualities then admired for his rare and wonderfull fortune he was not long before with Antonius in Aegypt but seeing him so vainely besotted with the loue of Cleopatra seeing him knight of the Cannapee who was earst Lord of the field being ashamed of him as he was a Romane ashamed of him as a General ashamed of him as now an vnworthie companion for Pollio he left him in Aegypt with his concubine and came to Rome Afterward Caesar and Lepidus fell at variance so that Lepidus was compelled to surrender all his authority and to stand to Caesars mercie for his life Caesar did then fight with Sex Pompeius on the sea Pompey being there ouercome fled to Sicilie and afterward into Asia and as he was preparing warre against Antoni he was takeÌ„ of M. Titius Antonius his Lieutenant by whoÌ„ he was slaine The last ciuill warre which was betwixt the Romaines was that which was fought by Caesar against Antoni at Actium The occasion of emnitie betwixt them was thus Antonius did reproue Caesar because he had taken to himself the armie of Lepidus that which followed Sex Pompeius which ought to haue bene common to them

furies and ye deformed ghosts subiect to the seuere edict of the baser destinie make your seats and circles in the wast of Italie and neuer forsake that place till the fierie brightnesse of Caesars supremacie do deterre you from thence Caesar in this rage of mind carried away with the whirlewind of his turbulent spirit left Rauenna and passed ouer Rubicon the Senate hearing of his rebellion decreed that Pompey should be Generall that he shold haue monie out of the common treasurie There was present choise made of souldiers throughout all Italie warres were proclaimed and taxes were imposed vpon the confines suburbes and confederate cities Caesar hauing passed Rubicon seized vpon diuerse townes of Italie Pisaurum Fanum Ancona Tignium and Auximon and he ran ouer all the Picene prouince with his armie which was forsaken of Lentulus Spinther the gouernour there and from thence he went to Corfinium which was held of L. Domitius Ahenobarbus which he enioyed hauing Domitius also in his power a most constant friend to Pompey whose standard was at no time aduaunced but it was worshipped and followed by Domitius whome Caesar did in this maner greet Domitius I do franckly pardon thee all those which beloÌ„g to thy charge with these words I make a perfect disclaime of anger and emnitie I giue thee also free choise and election whether thou wilt be a captaine in Caesars campe or still adhere to Pompey Domitius not demurring vpon Caesars offer did incontinent fly to Pompey who was then at Brundusium and there were many at that time which did obserue the like faithfulnesse to Pompey to whom Caesar did more plentifully offer the benefite of life theÌ„ they did thankfully receiue it Caesar hasted to Brundusium to assault the Consuls in that place but failing of his purpose he addressed toward Rome there was then in the citie great feare and amazednesse the people calling to memorie the crueltie of Marius the matrons with their rented haire did display their fearefulnesse the young damsels with salt teares did blemish their faces their skriking voices deepe drawne sighs did moue the heauens to a sympathie The silly babes flying as it were from the face of Caesar did cleaue to the breasts of their parents the sturdiest necks did then begin to stoope and the strongest hearts to melt and nothing could be seene in Rome but signes of sorrow for as the earth when she is disrobed of her budding and fructifying trees and of her amiable verdure which is her onely grace and garment roiall is like a naked table wherein nothing is painted so was Rome at that instant being bereaued of her young and lustie gentlemen euen as if the springtide should be taken from the yeare and a great deformitie did then also arise by the absence of the graue and auncient fathers who with their spreading shadow did shield and protect the bodie of the citie and did nourish the rising plants of the generous brasill gathering strength and soliditie vnder the curtaine of their boughs Caesar hauing entred Rome vsed all sorts of men with great kindnesse and curtesie and hauing conuocated an assemblie declaring and aggrauating vnto them the iniuries of his enemies he transferred all the blame vpon Pompey and made a notable pretence that he was desirous of vnitie and that peace was the virgin of his heart But Caesars Diamond was nothing else but glasse and his words nothing but wind which at that present was clearely and euidently perceiued for he went in great hast to the temple of Saturne where the treasurie of Rome was before his ransack inuiolably kept and at the gates of the temple L. Metellus Tribune of the people did boldly resist him and with these words entertained him Caesar the lawes of Rome haue made this place sacred thou shalt not enter into this temple but through the sides of Metellus no coine shalt thou carrie from hence without bloudshed vnsheath therefore thy blade and feare not lest thy wrongs be espied for alas we are now in a desolate citie there be so few to condemne thy doings that there be almost none to see them thy priuate and rebellious souldiers shall not haue their pay out of the treasurie of Rome and if thou woldest be rich by violence there be strange wals for thee to batter Caesar in this sort replied vnto him Shamelesse churle as thou art this right-hand shall not vouchsafe thee so much honor as that thy bloud may shine vpon a souldiers steele Metellus thou art not worthie of my wrath and where thou hoissest vp the saile of lawes and customes assure thy selfe Tribune that the lawes of Rome had rather be cancelled by Caesar then confirmed by Metellus In the end by the earnest intreatie of his friends who were addicted to Caesar rather for feare then contrarietie of opinion Metellus gaue place to Caesar and he rushing suddenly into the temple caused the treasurie which in many yeares space was leuied by polles which was gained in the Carthaginian war and in the victories had against Philip Perseus and Pirrhus together with the tribute of Asia of Creet and the wealth which Cato brought from Cypris and which Pompey purchased by his warres being caried before him when he triumphed to be laid on asses backes and to be caried as the sinew and supporter of his warres This was thought the fowlest act that euer was committed by Caesar and it was neuer feared that Rome shold be poore by Caesar This captaine being as glad for this new bootie as some of his friends were sorie led his souldiers toward Spaine where Afranius and Petreius did rule the affaires vnder Pompey but he did so masserate them with famine that he possest the greatest part of Spaine without shedding many drops of bloud then he went into that part of Spaine which is now called Andeluzia where M. Varro captaine to a great number of Veteranes did hold a forcelet but he being daunted with the presence of Caesar resigned all the prouince into his hands theÌ„ he marched toward Dirrachio taking by the way Orichum and Apollonia an Vniuersitie towne where his Nephew Octauius was taught at that time in the liberall artes and sciences who is said to haue accoÌ„panied his vncle in the warres following but because it is a tradition of more antiquitie then credit I do rather note it then affirme it The fortune that Caesar had and the credite which Pompey enioyed in forraine nations were two enticing lures that drew to their seueral campes a great multitude of forrainers To the assistance of Pompey from the coast of Greece which lyeth about the rockes of Cyrrha and the clouen hill of Parnassus came a great armie of the Phocenseans from Thebes and the regions thereabout came the Baeotians the Pisaeans and the Sicanians from the townes that lye vnder Maenalus and OEte came the Dryopes the Threspoti and the Sellians from Creet and Gortyna a number of good

three Caesar did obiect to Antonius that he did keepe Aegypt without lawfull commission that he caused Sex Pompeius to be slaine without his consent that he cast Artauasdes a Prince leagued with the Romans and taken by trecherie into prison dishonored him with gyues and fetters to the great infamie of the Romanes that he was more familiar with Cleopatra then became an honest man that he had bestowed too great giftes vpon her that he had called Caesars surmised bastard begotten of Cleopatra Caesarion to the great disgrace of that house These things priuately by letters and publikely by messengers were mentioned by mutuall obiection Caesar afterward did reade Antonius his testament in the open Senate which came to his hands by this meane Certaine souldiers which did flie froÌ„ Antonius to him told him that the authentike will or testament of M. Antonius did remaine in the custodie of the Virgins vestall of whom Caesar did obtaine it the tenor and forme whereof was thus I M. Antonius one of the three states of Rome and the sonne of M. Antonius do by this my last will and testament make and ordaine Philadelphus Alexander my sonnes by Cleopatra the heires of all my wealth and substance which I had by descent from M. Antonius my father but with this clause and vpon this condition that if I die in Rome or elsewhere they shall solemnely conuey my bodie to Alexandria in Aegypt and bestow it there in a marble sepulcher which by this my will shall be made for my selfe and Cleopatra the Queene of Aegypt But if they faile of this or do otherwise without lawfull or vrgent cause then I will that all these things which I leaue vnto my aforesaid sons be conuerted to the vse behoofe of the Nuns of Vesta my ghost shal implore the assistaÌ„ce of the PoÌ„tifex-Maximus the priests of Iupiter which are in the Capitol to solicit the spirits of vengeance to punish the vnthankfulnesse of my sons then I ordaine wil that the Pontifex Maximus shall cause my bodie to be reposed in a conuenient sepulcher within the walles of this citie and I will also that as many bondslaues as be now in my power shall presently after my death be manumitted made free by the Praetor and to euerie of my other seruants I bequeath a Sestertian a mourning garment Lastly I do pronounce by this my last will and testament that Caesarion the son of Cleopatra is the true certaine and vndoubted sonne of C. Iulius Caesar And to the aforesaid Cleopatra I giue all my wealth and treasure that I haue gained purchased and atchieued either in warre or in peace Done by me M. Antonius vj. kal. Iul. Ap. Claudius C. Norbanus Coss VVhen the people of Rome had heard the purport of this testament they thought that Antonius his drift was to giue Rome to Cleopatra for a speciall fauour for which cause they were maruellously moued against Antonius Caesar did behaue him selfe in this matter very wisely and warily for in wordes he praetended warre against Cleopatra only and caused it to be proclaimed by the heralt that the Aegyptian Queene did intend the suppressing of the Romanes That was done by Caesar to the end that he might auoyd the hatred of manie noble men who did rather affect Antonius then him But wheÌ„ Antonius for the loue of Cleopatra wold neither come into the citie to render account of his doings nor depose his Triumuiracie but was wholly busied in praeparing warre against Italie Caesar did furnish himselfe as well for sea as for land he therefore gathered manie souldiers out of Spaine Fraunce Lybia Sardinia and Sicilia Antonius likewise did make an armie of Asians Thracians Macedonians GraeciaÌ„s Aegyptians and Cyrenians And in the yeare following C. Caesar and M. Messalla being Consuls Antonius and Cleopatra at Actium a promontorie of Epirus encountred Caesar who hauing prosperous successe in many battels against them as well on sea as on land they being at length ouercome fled to Alexandria in Aegypt Caesar did sacrifice all the pinasses which he had taken in warre to Apollo who was worshipped at Actium as a monument of thankfulnesse for his victorie and did also institute a fiue yeres solemnitie which was called the solemnitie of Actium besides this he built a faire temple to Apollo and in the place where his tents were pitched he founded a great city called Nicopolis the citie of victorie Asinius Pollio did still praeserue the auncient amitie that was betwixt him and M. Antonius for when Caesar at his departing from Rome requested him that he would ioyne with him in his warres against Antonius he made this answer The benefites of Antonius towards me will not permit me to be an enemie vnto him and my merites at the hands of Antonius be farre otherwise theÌ„ that Antonius should be an enemie vnto me wherefore leauing both and leaning to neither I wil stay here in Italie and be the spoile of the conqueror Caesar did afterward besiege Antonius Cleopatra at Alexandria where Antonius being in a most desperate plight being in no possibilitie to recouer Caesars fauour and hearing by a false rumor that Cleopatra was slaine did suddenly stab himselfe Caesar tooke Alexandria and with it Cleopatra but because she would not grace Octauius so much as to be led in triumph by him she put Aspes to her breasts and was by them done to death though her keeper had praecise charge to looke carefully vnto her Aegypt was then brought by Caesar into the forme of a prouince and hauing made Cornelius Gallus Praesident there he came to Rome where he had a triple triumph the one of Dalmatia which he brought to conformitie after his warre finished against Sex Pompeius the other of Actium the third of Alexandria VVhen Caesar with the great applause and gratulation of the Romanes had pacified the whole praecinct of the world and for that cause had shut the temple of Ianus the third time and an augurie of safetie was celebrated which two things were neuer done but when the whole Empire was in quietnesse he purposed to depose the Empirie to bring the common-weale to a good perfect constitution To depose the Empirie M. Agrippa did perswade him but Maecaenas did disswade him whose opinion he yeelded vnto VVherfore endeuoring by law to confirme the Empirie and to win the fauour and good aestimation as well of the Nobles and Senators as of the people he burnt all the letters which the citizens that were then in Rome or out of Rome had writteÌ„ to Antonius lest any Senator who did follow Antonius his faction should thinke himselfe to be hated of Caesar for that cause so should attempt some mischiefe against him he releeued the common stocke which was greatly wasted by ciuill warres with his owne priuate wealth them that were indebted to the common treasurie the billes of debt being burnt with his owne handes he did

by him ibid L. Sylla his victorie Samnites 55. he killeth Cluentius ibid. he is made Consull 57 his contrarie nature ibid. his descent ibid. he besiegeth Nola. 58. his reuenge vpon the seditious 60. his hard conditions of peace concluded with Mithridates 68 the King of Parthia sendeth Embassadors to him ibid. he passeth quietly through Italy 69. he dismisseth Sertorius without hurt 70. he fighteth with Telesinus a Samnite 71. C. Marius the yoonger is slaine by his souldiers 72. he vsurpeth the Dictatorship ibid. he causeth the souldiers of Praeneste to be slaine 73. he putteth in practise proscription 73. M. Marius is slaine by him 74. his rage against Pletorius ibid. the ashes of C. Marcus throwne into a riuer by Sylla 75. he dieth ibid T Tarquin banished 1. his ornaments 8. proud Tarquin occasioner of libertie 9 Treuirate a Treuirate first made in Rome 21 Tullus an artificiall Captaine 8 V Viriathus an enemie to the Romanes 19 FINIS Faults Pag. Correction Monarchies Pag. 4. Monarches Cloaetia pag. 9. Cloaelia Massitus pag. 10. Massicus couldes pag. 10. clouds Glancias pag. 31. Glaucias Eguatius pag. 52. Eguatius Staria pag. 53. Stabia Petiani pag. 55. Peligni Talentia pag. 78. Valentia Enomaus pag 80. Enomaus Consulians pag. 92. Consularians it greeueth my hart pag. 100. it grateth my hart the Pictons pag. 119. the Pictons the Tureus pag. 120. the Turens the Audians pag. 120. the Andians Achilles pag. 147. Achillas aggrauate pag. 173. arrogate Atia was pag. 176. Atia who was Tarquin banished Rome built Romulus eagrest in sight Numa religious Tullus an artificiall Captaine Aucus a great builder Tarquinius his ornameÌ„ts Seruius taxeth the Romanes by polles Proud Tarquine occasioner of libertie The speedie war of Cincinnatus The praise of CaÌ„pania Pyrrhus fighting against the Romans The beginning of the second CarthaginiaÌ„ war The Italian warre Mithridates an enemy to the Romans The contention betwixt Marius and Sylla The dissention of Lepidus and Catulus Catilines rebellion Pompeyes great dignity in Rome Caesar caÌ„not brooke it The valor of the former Scipio The prowesse of the later Scipio The Romans made ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ by prosperity Viriathus an enemy to the Romanes The Numantine warre Pompey enforced to strange leagues by the Numantines The punishment of MaÌ„cinus for breaking truce The parents of Ti. Gracchus The praise of Ti. Gracchus Gracchus swarueth froÌ„ vertue A Treuirate first made in Rome The familie of Scipio Nasica Scipio Nasica opposeth himselfe to Gracchus Ti. Gracchus slaine Scipio is sent into Spaine Scipio taketh Numantia Scipio found dead in his bed Scipios body is brought out into the streetes C. Gracchus a rebell to the state The seditious acts of C. Gracchus Ful. Flaccus a rebellious Senatour slaine Opimius his proclamatioÌ„ C Gracchus beheaded Cornelia lamenteth her children C. Marius taketh Iugurtha by Sylla his meanes C. Marius his third Consulship His fourth Consulship His fifth CoÌ„sulship Marius his great victorie which he had against the Cimbrians C. Marius his sixth Consulship Saturninus a broacher of sedition Q. Metellus opposeth himselfe against Saturninus Marius fauoureth the lawe of Saturninus Metellus coÌ„mitteth himselfe to voluntarie banishment Saturninus causeth C. Memmius to be slaine C. Marius besiegeth the Capitol C. Marius putteth the conspirators to death Saturninus his house destroyed by Marius The hard fortune of Drusus Drusus is slaine C. Marius in high reputation The Italian warre first attempted by the Marsians The repulse of Drusus the beginning of the Italian warre Seruilius Proconsull slaine by the coÌ„motioners of Italie Silo Popedius a naturall enemy to the Romans Silo Popedius his oration to the Marsians Romulus Remus bastards Nourished by a wolfe Remus is slaine by Romulus The rape of the Sabine virgins The Romane embassadors are despised of HaÌ„nibal The miserable famin of the SaguÌ„tines Masinissa quarelleth with the Carthaginians Scipio sent as vmpier betwixt Masinissa the CarthaginiaÌ„s The Citie of Carthage burnt C. Perperna discharged of his Lieutenancie Q Caepio slaine P. Rutilius slaine C. Marius putteth Vettius Cato to flight C. Marius fought equally against the Marsians C. Marius disliked by the Consul Portius Syllaes victore against the SaÌ„nites Cn. Pomp. Strabo his victories Sylla killeth Cluentius A. Gabinius after a prosperous fight is slaine Sulpitius bringeth the Marrucini to obedience Popedius is slaine Portius Cato slaine Ca. PoÌ„peius Strabo triumpheth Sylla is made Consul Sylla his coÌ„trary nature His discent Mithridates an enemy to the Romans Sylla besiegeth Nola. Sulpitius a seditious Tribune altereth the state The ambitioÌ„ of Marius Murder committed by Sulpitius Syllaes reuenge vpon the seditious The extreme miserie of C. Marius A captiue slaue sent to kill Marius The MinturniaÌ„s friends to Marius Q Pompeius slaine Cinna beginneth a new broyle Cinna is expulsed the City Cinna is made Captaine of a seditious army Cinna calleth C. Marius and his sonne from banishment Cn. Pompeius father to Pompey the great his dissembling and vnconstancy A great fight betwixt Cinna and Cn. PoÌ„peius Cinna entreth the city C. Marius recalled froÌ„ banishment entreth the citie Octauius put to death by the crueltie of Marius Merula cutteth in peeces his owne veines M Antonius the Oratour put to death by Marius Cinna Q. Catulus cause of his owne death C. Marius dieth The Athenians faithfull to the Romanes Silla his hard conditions of peace coÌ„cluded with Mithridates The king of Parthia sendeth Ambassadours to Sylla Cinna is slaine Sylla passeth quietly thorough Italie Sylla dismisseth Sertorious without hurt Silla fighteth with Telesinus a Samnite C. Marius the younger is slaine by Syllaes soul diers Sylla vsurpeth the Dictatorship Silla causeth the souldiers of Preneste to be slaine Proscription put in practise by Sylla M. Marius slain by Silla Sylla his rage against M. Pletorius The ashes of C. Marius thrown into a riuer by Sylla Sylla dyeth Debate betwixt Lepidus and Catulus Consuls touching the decrees of Sylla Cn. Pompeius Magnus and Q. Catulus fight with Lepidus and ouercame him Sertorius leuieth armies in Spaine Liuius Salinator the Lieutenant of Sertorius slaine Sertorius is slaine Spartacus a fence-plaier doth encounter the army of the Consuls Spartacus taketh the citie of the Thurians M. Crassus appointed for the warre against Spartacus Cicero called Pater patriae Catiline his qualities The linage of Catiline Catiline killeth his own sonne Catiline greatly indebted Catiline forbidden to make sure for the Consulship The solemnitie which the Romans vsed in their proceeding to the Senate Cicero his Oration against Catiline Catiline his impudent answer to Cicero The linage of M. Cato The praise of M. Cato C. Caesar inclined to sedition Sertorius feareth PoÌ„pey Mithridates ouerthrown by Pompey Pompey entred the teÌ„ple of Ierusalem Pompey honored with a triple triumph Caesar his originall Caesars death sought for by Sillaes officers Pompey marrieth with Iulia Caesars daughter Clodius Tribune of the people becommeth seditious Clodius seeketh to reuenge himselfe vpon Cicero Clodius infamous for adulterie with Pompeia Caesars wife Clodius infamous for incest with his sisters Clodius coÌ„demned by Senate Cicero mourneth Cicero committeth himselfe to voluntarie exile A sharpe law made concerning Cicero his banishment Cicero recalled from banishment Clodius persisteth to be an enemie to Cicero Clodius burneth the house of Q. Cicero Clodius threatneth death to Sanctia Clodius is slaine by Milo The Heluetians flye before Caesar The Heluetians ouercome by Caesar Caesar pursueth battell against Ariouista Caesar fighteth against the Belgians Neruians Caesar ouerthroweth the Germaines Caesar burneth the villages of the Sicambrians Caesar ouer commeth the Brittains Caesar recoÌ„ciled to the Britaines Caesar renueth his war against the Britaines The Eburons ouercome by Caesar Treacherie against the Romanes in Fraunce Caesar his reuenge vpon the rebels Pompey his Presidentship in Spain proroged A decree made by the Senate that Caesar shold dismisse his armie Caesar is incensed by Curio against the Senate The passionate speech of Caesar against the Senate Pompey is appointed by the Senat Generall against Caesar Caesar pardoneth Domitius Domitius flyeth to Pompey Metellus his speech to Caesar Caesar seizeth the treasurie Caesar marcheth toward Spaine The forreiners which were readie in armes for the assistaÌ„ce of Pompey The straungers which were assistaÌ„t to Caesar Pompey his oration to his souldiers Pompey putteth Caesar to flight M. Antonius helpeth Caesar Pompey marshalleth his armie The Caesarians giue the first assault Caesar his speech to Domitius Pompey flieth to Larissa The dreams and visions of the Caesarians Pompey trauelleth to Egypt Pompey is beheaded by the EgyptiaÌ„s Caesar entertained of Cleopatra Caesar is assaulted by the king of Egypt Caesar swimmeth in the riuer of Nilus Caesar addresseth against Pharnaces Caesar putteth Pharnaces to flight M. Cato killeth himselfe Caesar encountreth P. Scipio What thing a triumph was amongst the Romans how performed Caesar his triumphs described Caesars first triumph Caesars second triuÌ„ph Caesars third triumph Caesars fourth triumph Salustes oration to Caesar Pompey could not brooke an equall The great honors bestowed vpon Caesar Caesar fighteth with Cn. PoÌ„peius the younger at the citie of Siuill The Romans bestow many honors vpon Caesar The causes of the conspiracie bent against Caesar Caesar is slaine in the Senat-house M Antonius is spared at the time wheÌ„ Caesar is slaine The law Portia broken by the killing of Caesar The law Cornelia broken by the killing of Caesar Caesar his bodie is transported to CaÌ„pus Martius The Senate incensed against M. Antonius Octauius becommeth an enemie to Antonius D. Brutus suffereth himself to be besieged by Antonius M. Antonius sighteth with Pansa M. Cicero doth greatly commend Octauius Caesar taketh Clodia to wife D Brutus is slaine Antonius writeth coÌ„ tumelious letters to Brutus Cassius Cicero is put to death Fuluiaes despiteful dealing with Ciceroes tong Caesar besiegeth Perusia The praise of Asinius Pollio Octauius Caesar fighteth with Sex PoÌ„peius Octauius readeth the testament of M. Antonius The testameÌ„t of M. Antonius Octauius Caesar sacrifiseth all the Pinnases to Apollo Octauius buildeth Nicopolis Cleopatra killed by Aspwormes The Romans plant a bay tree before Octauius his doore

the space of two hundred and fiftie yeares Then followed the fifth age in which the bodie of the common-weale grew to great strength the ioints and sinewes being by mature soliditie setled in firme estate Therefore the conquering nation hauing now attained to the verie manhood of manlinesse and displayed her standerd round about the sides of Italie to the skirts of the sea pawsed a litle as a great scalefire which consuming all the woods and groues in the way that it goeth is abrupted and put out of course by a floud coÌ„ming betweene But soone after seeing a rich pray on the other side of the sea supposing it to be a peece of gold pulled from her masse they did so vehemently desire the same that because it could not be ioyned vnto their dominion by bridges for the interruption of the sea therefore they resolued to ioyne it by sword and battell and so was Sicilia subdued by the Romanes which was the cause and originall of the first Carthaginian warre which the warres of the Ligurians Insubrians and Illyrians did follow and after the second Carthaginian warre so dangerous and bloudie to the Romanes that if a man compare the losse of both nations they which did conquer were more like to persons conquered For it grieued that noble brood and valiant people of Carthage to be abridged of the sea depriued of the Ilands to pay tribute and to vndergo not onely the bridle but the yoke to this age must be ascribed the circuit of one hundred yeares which may be termed the golden age of the Romanes the first age in which they shewing their streamers on each side of the Ocean did transport their warres into all nations of the world in whose yeares the Romanes were honest religious iust sincere vertuous and dutifull The sixt age containing 120. yeares was troublesome and vgly bloudie detestable vices growing with their Empire For with the wars valiantly fought against Iugurtha Mithridates against the Carthaginians Cimbrians Parthians Galles Germanes by which the Romane glorie ascended and pierced the skie the ciuill slaughters of the Gracchi and of Drusus of Marius Sylla and others were mingled and enterlarded how mournefull a spectacle was it that they fought the same time with fellowes in league with fellowes in the citie with bondmen with fencers all the Senate afterward contending and being in hurliburly with it selfe These times receiued of the other ages an exquisite commoÌ„ weale as it were a curious picture which after mildring and decaying by age they did not only neglect to renew with the same colours but they also forgot to preserue the outwarde forme and lineaments thereof for what remained of the auncient maners which were both vnused and vnknowne for by their recent vices they lost the common-weale in fact and in name retained it How lamentable was the face of things at that instant when euerie man confusedly being found in the field in the streetes in townes in houses in highwaies in markets in temples in beds sitting at the table or in the porch was suddenly and sauagely murdered what howlings were there of them that died what teares of them that liued and beheld this The cause of these miseries was too great prosperitie VVhat made the people so earnest to extort the lawes of fields and corne but verie famine procured by riot on the one part and couetousnesse on the other for such was the lauish mis-spending excessiue vianding of some that it can hardly be defined whether more did perish by the blade or by the banquet and such againe was the couetousnesse greedie exacting of others that none can iudicially decide whether the Romanes were more endamaged by the enemie in time of warre or by the vsurer in peaceable seasons Hence grew the two ciuil broiles of the Gracchi and that of Saturninus being the third and that of Drusus being the fourth who maintained the Senate against the Knights and for the further abetting and auow of this quarell he promised the freedome of the Citie to diuerse Italians animated to this attempt so that in one Citie there was as much discord as in two seuerall campes This bred the Italian warre because promise was not perfourmed And next ensued the warre of Mithridates seeing the Romans on each side intangled with garboiles which presently bred the enmitie betwixt Marius and Sylla when Marius would haue deuested Sylla of his Generalship giuen him by the Senat for the oppugnation of Mithridates These two gaue Mithridates encoragement by leauing the ribbes of the comweale naked and open vnto him Marius led an armie ambition led Marius ambition I say ingendred by riches did raise contention betwixt them from this the warre of Sertorius and Pompey had his originall whereof the one was proscribed by Sylla the other protected For Pompey was accompted Syllaes minion or fauorite whom he therefore called Magnus that himselfe might seeme greater being the Saint whom Pompey serued Sylla was cruell in reuenging crueltie and his medicine was worse then the maladie itselfe This stirred the dissention of Lepidus and Catulus whereof the one would haue ratified the other reuersed all the acts of Sylla Then Catiline whom his lust occasioned by Syllaes indulgence brought to beggerie opposed himselfe to the Consuls Then Pompey entred the lists as a follower of Sylla who obtained excellent dignitie in these times but ciuill and such as the regular course of that common-weale did affoord whose power authoritie Caesar could not tollerate because he could not match it which notwithstanding he being ouercome and slaine Caesar passed and transcended But when this vsurper had bleached the floore of the Senate house with his owne bloud who before had ouerflowed and deluged the whole world with the crimson goare of most admirable men the common-weale did seeme to haue rolled herselfe into the state of her pristinate libertie and it had returned vnto the same if either Pompey had not left sonnes or Caesar had not made an heire or which was worse if Antonius the thunder-dart of furie had not suruiued being once colleague with Caesar in the Consulship now successor of his vsurpation But while Pompeys sonne striueth for the honor of the name the sea ratleth with armour whilest Octauius reueÌ„geth the death of his adoptiue father Thessalie is againe made the basis of tents and pauillions and all Europe and Affricke groneth vnder the weight of iron whilest Antonius in the habit of his mind diuerse and discoloured doth either disdaine Octauius or doate vpon Cleopatra whose beautie if he could haue exceeded by his chastitie his shame should not haue blazed like a beacon at this day in the eyes of posteritie but he had won the garlaÌ„d of coÌ„quest not meriting more then triumph The armie of Octauius hauing slaine Pompeis sonne did in him slay enmity and Cassius being ouercome by fight Brutus by despaire they did extirpate faction Yet Antonius not chalenging part

with anie but principalitie ouer all imagining that he wanted no kingly thing saue onely a kingdome remained as a rocke or gulfe in the mouth of the haueÌ„ whom he with some labor subdued And as in the yearely conuersion of the heauens it commeth to passe that the starres iogged together do murmure and threaten tempest so with the alteration of the Romane state before Octauius founded his Monarchie the whole globe of the earth with ciuill and forraine warre with fight on sea and land was terribly shaken But the accidents and occurrences of these last hundred and twentie yeares in the sequele of this historie shall be if God fauour these lines more particularly distinctly reported The first that made the Romanes mightie was the former Scipio that scourged Affrica with continuall warres and vexations and in the end subdued it the first that made them wanton and effeminate was the later Scipio by whom Carthage was subuerted yet not by his fault but by the casualty of the time For when the riuall and enuious ielousie of the Carthaginian glory was by his matchlesse victorie finally determined the Romanes did sodainly degenerate and with an hungrie gorge fed on the poisonfull baites of bitter sweete ambition following wantons like wilde horses and addicted to pleasure as their onely paragon the auncient gouernement of the Citie was vtterly forsaken the watchings of the campe were ended vpon beds of downe their heauie armour was turned to light and fashionable attire and the wonted businesse of the Citie was chaunged into idlenesse Then did Scipio Nasica build porches in the Capitolle then did Metellus threaten the heaueÌ„s with haughtie buildings theÌ„ did Cn. Octauius erect a most sumptuous forefront then did the riot of the CoÌ„mons imitate the magnificence of the nobles In the middest of this delicate iolitie when the Romanes were now in the ruffe of their pride a grieuous and despitefull warre was raised in Spaine by Viriathus of Lusitania a notable theefe ringleader to a multitude of rogues which hong a long time in suspence but in the end when Viriathus was slaine rather by the couine then courage of Seruilius Caepio a greater danger ensued namely the warre of the Numantines The citie of Numantia did neuer affoord armour to any more then ten thousand citizens at one battell but either through the fiercenesse of their nature or the default of the Romane captaines or the indulgence of fortune they brought Pompey the first of the Pompeys that was Consull a maÌ„ of note fame to most shameful leagues Mancinus Hostilius to a detestable truce which vpon a remorce of minde and change of opinion against the law of Armes and to the great discredit of the Romanes he afterward broke but Pompey escaped vnpunished by fauour Mancinus was punished by shame For he was caried and transported by the Romane Heraulds vnto the Numantines his hands being manacled and so was deliuered vp into the enemies power whom they refused to receiue saying that a publique breach of promise was not to be punished by the bloud of one man This yeelding vp of Mancinus into the enemies hands did cause in the citie a perillous and pernitious dissension For Ti. Gracchus the sonne of the right noble man Ti. Gracchus whose mother was the daughter of Scipio Affricanus by whose meanes and authority that reprochful league was made taking it grieuously that any thing which he did should be discountenanced and fearing himselfe the danger either of the like punishment or of the like iudgement being at that time Tribune of the people in life innocent in wit pregnant and in purpose guiltlesse and furthermore adorned with so great vertues as either nature could affoord or industrie could perfect or mans frailtie could containe P. Mutius Scaeuola and L. Calphurnius being Consuls fell from vertue to vice and extreme villanie and hauing promised vpon a dissolute fancie that he would enfranchise and receiue into the Citie anie Italian whosoeuer turned all things into a contrarie state mingled vertues with vice lawes with lust and brought the common-weale into an headlong and hideous danger Octauius his fellow in office who stood against him for the coÌ„mon good he put from his place created a new state in Rome entitled a Treuirate or Triarchie that is the rule of three men who were called Treuiri himself for one his father in law Appius who had bin CoÌ„sul for another and C. Gracchus his brother for the third At that time flourished P. Scipio Nasica nephew to him who was iudged of the Senate in his life time to be the best of the Romanes sonne to that Scipio who purchased great praise for his good demeanor in the Censorship nephew two degrees remoued to Cn. Scipio a man highly commended vncle to Scipio Aemilianus whose commendation lieth in his name this Scipio Nasica thogh he were nearly linked in kindred to Tiberius Gracchus yet preferring his countrey before his kindred thinking nothing priuately coÌ„modious which was not publikly conuenient standing in the higher part of the Capitolle exhorted all the Romanes which desired the safetie of the common-weale to follow him vpoÌ„ which words the Nobles the Senate and the greater and better part of the Romane knights did runne suddenly vpon Gracchus standing in the floore of the Capitolle with his adhereÌ„ts and euen then conspiring with a frequent assemblie of new-come Italians he thereupon flying and running downe the hil whereupon the Capitolle was founded his head being crushed as he was running downe with a fragment of one of the boordes which was in the Senate house did sodainly end his life which he might haue enioyed with great honor and quietnesse This broile and haplesse dissention was the first conspiracy in which ciuil bloud was shed and the first dispensation of drawing swordes within the walles after that time right was oppressed by violence and the mightier man was accompted the better the quarels of citizens that were wont to be cured by compromise and agreement were now decided by sword and bloudshed and warres were not followed according to the goodnesse of the cause but according to the greatnesse of the pray But it was no maruell though this small beginning had so great effect and this odious faction so vnfortunate consequence for examples do not pawse there where they begin but being once receiued into a narrow strait they make way to themselues raunging and spreading themselues ouer the bodie of the world and when men go once astray they mind not how farre they go thinking that nothing can procure dishonestie to them which hath brought profite to others VVhilest these things were done in Italie Scipio Affricanus of the house of Aemilius who destroyed Carthage after many slaughters of his enemies in the Numantine warre being nowe againe made Consull was sent backe into Spaine where his courage and successe did match and aequall his

seruice hauing as great desire to fight with the Romanes as the Romanes had to rule ouer them The most of them were of so choise courage and conduction that the Romanes had before in many warres relyed vpon their seruice But yet the name of a Romane was such a scepter to their spirits that they were still kept in awe and order without anie thought of reuolting These men were now quite altered as if they had lately bene at some mart of soules and had exchaunged their mindes with some men by nature enraged against the Romanes and it is greatly to be wondred how the mightie power of the diuine Maiestie doth sway the moments of things and sorteth them in peremptorie maner to straunge and vnlooked for effects making reason blind pollicie astonished streÌ„gth feeble and valour dastardly turning loue into hatred feare into furie boldnesse into trembling and in the circuite of one minute making the conquered person a conqueror The Romanes did not in anie warre shewe more wisedome and courage which two things are in common vnderstanding repugnant because wisedome for the most part procureth feare in dangerous accidents which is opposite to courage and courage causeth rashnesse which is contrarie to wisedome But so were their fortunes crossed the lot of warre was so variable that this warre was resolutely vndertaken of them vnhappily continued and victoriously concluded The Romane armie had two Generals namely P. Rutilius one of the Consuls whose Lieutenants were Cn. PoÌ„peius Strabo Q. Caepio C. Perperna C. Marius Valerius Messalla and L. Caesar the other Consul who had these Lieutenants P. Lentulus T. Didius P. Licinius Crassus L. Cornelius Sylla M. Marcellus all famous Captains men of excellent desert and heroicall qualities and the most of them fit not onely to manage a warre but a kingdom yea an Empire yet of all these none did obtaine the victorie during the first yeare of their fight C. Marius and L. Caesar onely excepted yet Caesar was not long before with his whole armie discomfited and Marius did with great difficultie atchieue one victorie which was the beginning of a greater warre The Consuls did thus dispose the encounters of themselues and their Lieutenants L. Caesar was opposed to Vettius Cato who led a wing of the Marsian armie but Caesar being ouer mated by a man of greater wisedome and magnanimitie was enforced to flie and after the slaughter of two thousand of his men being hotely pursued enchased of the enemie was constrained for necessitie will affoord no choise to take Aesernia for his refuge C. Perperna did encounter P. Praesenteius who put him likewise to flight deuested him of his armie for which cause he was discharged of his Lieutenancie and now was C. Marius sought vnto by the Consuls to whom he yeelded such assistance that he rather seemed to be their protectour then their champion P. Rutilius to reuenge the death of Q. Caepio who was slaine by the ambush of Popedius and the quarrell of his fellow Consul vpon the Marsians did assay them by battell but lost a great number of men in the end lost himselfe being slaughtered in the midst of his enemies C. Marius with a fresh courage renewed the fight put to flight with extreme labor Vettius Cato the fatall enemie to both the Consuls But the messenger who brought the newes of this victorie of Marius to the Romane campe did meete there another messenger who reported vnto them that Egualius one of the enemies campe had surprised Venafrum a towne of great strength that M. Lamponius another of their enemies had slaine eight hundred of the armie of P. Licinnius Crassus and had put the residue to flight that C. Papius Mutilus their enemie had brought Nola a flourishing Colonie of the Romanes into his power together with Q. Posthumius their Praetor that he had also taken Stauia Minturna and Salernum and did nowe besiege Acerra a chiefe towne These newes succeeding the other did make the Romanes to heare with ioy and to remember with sorow But no better fortune did ensue for M. Marcellus being assigned for the defence of Aesernia was taken prisoner by the Samnites who surprised that Colonie Cn. Pompeius was by three Captaines of the aduerse part Iudacilius Aefranius and Ventidius fiercely encountring driuen to the village of Firmo and there besieged L. Caesar had a prosperous victorie against the Samnites but C. Marius fighting against the Marsians with doubtfull euent did recompence the death of euerie enemie with the losse of his owne souldiers so constant is the fortune of warre in inconstancie Now was come the second yeare of this daungerous warre which continued old broiles and made new Consuls Cn. Pompeius Strabo L. Portius Cato both which were by the decree of the Senate enioyned to take vpon them the charge of this warre They brought some new Lieutenants in the place of some that were dead and some that were discharged The succeeding Lieutenants were A. Albinius Cosconius Luceius A. Gabinius Sulpitius L. Muraena Caecilius Pius Mamercus Aemilius It seemeth that Rome in these dayes was a verie schoole of warfare which did yeeld the supply of such excellent Captaines after the departure of Captaines not much more excellent C. Marius vpon a disliking conceiued by the Consul Portius priuate humor is alwayes an enemie to publike good was discharged of his place But so it happened that the Romanes changed their fortune with their Consuls but the Italians were more daunted and disanimated by the continuance of the warre then encouraged by the increase of their victories For a base spirit cannot ioy in any honorable matter nothing more deuoureth the heart of a rebellious or trecherous person then the inward fire of a glowing conscience L. Sylla had a notable victorie against the Samnites and did ransacke their tents Cn. Pompeius did constraine the Vestini the Peliani and the Aesculani and the Pisani to yeeld vnto him Sylla did kil Cluentius a Captaine of the contrarie part at Nola and he brought vnder his power the Irpini A. Gabinius did fight prosperously against the Lucani and tooke many of their great townes but when he wold haue spoiled their tents he was slaine Sulpitius hauing slaine all the souldiers of the Marrucini did reduce that whole region into the subiection of the Romanes L. Muraena and Caecilius Pius had manie encounters against the Marsians and in the ende enforced them to yeeld but Popedius their Captaine the author of this warre was slaine in fight in which war Portius Cato was also slaine not through his owne default nor by the valor of his enemies but through the malicious stomacke of the sonne of C. Marius who in reuenge of his fathers quarell did throw his dart at him and with a deadly wound did make him fall prostrate to the ground but because he could not be discerned in such confusion of fight in the heate

distempered declamation it is no noueltie with vs my Lords for it is the vsuall methode of his mercenare toung vpoÌ„ poore and pitifull presumptions to hazard the life and soule of his clients cause But what madnesse is it for one that is lately crept into the citie to talke of antiquities taking matters in hand which are elder then his memorie which were forgotten and dead before he was begotten and borne Thou art not auncient enough Cicero to speake of our auncestors nor worthie enough to talk of our worthies thou art as a pilgrime in this citie thou art ignorant of the orders and customes therof thou seemest to wander in another countrie and not to beare office in the Metrapolis of Italie thou threatnest vs with extremities and layest on load with imprisonments as if our bodies should be anuils to thine hatred but suffer not my sweet mild and curteous magistrates of Rome that vpon Ciceroes suggestion we should endure such reproch the ignominie of arraignment is miserable the arresting of guiltlesse men is lamentable banishment is discomfortable but the racking rowling tearing and tormenting of men far be it not only froÌ„ the bodie of a Romane but euen from his thoughts from his eyes from his eares For mine own part I confesse and professe and pretend that Catiline liueth not to please but to displease and displace M. Cicero of whome when I speake I speake of tyrannie of villanie of basenesse and assure thy selfe Cicero that either the law of Rome or the lawe of reason shall be my warrant in this case and to them that be discontented in this citie thy fall will be a generall s atisfaction Catiline departed out of the senate house continuing his furie and because danger was feared it was thought good that the Senate should be dismissed in the night time Catiline went with a slender gard to the tents of Manlius Lentulus Cethegus and diuerse others that were priuie to the conspiracie and did as yet remaine in the citie were arrested and imprisoned and being conuicted by manifest euidence were presently put to death The day wherein the punishment of these traitors was decreed did greatly illustrate beautifie the worthinesse of M. Cato He discended from M. Cato the Prince of the PortiaÌ„ familie after whome this Cato in degree of discent was accompted and numbred in the third place This M. Cato was of all the Romanes most sincere and most like to vertue itselfe and seemed in his iustice and integritie to be nearer to God then to man who did not liue honestly orderly because he would seeme to be vertuous but because it was against the course of his disposition to be dishonest and disorderly thinking that onely to be reasonable which was iust and lawfull he was free from fancies and had alwaies fortune in his owne power he was then Tribune of the people young in respect of his yeares but in wisedome and aduise a father a right Senator who when others perswaded that the conspirators should be kept aliue in seuerall wards being the last of them that sentenced the rebellious did inueigh with such force of mind and wit against the conspirators that by the vehemencie of his speech he cancelled their opinions which perswaded lenitie and made their softnesse to be suspected and the greater part of the Senate in fauour of Catoes gracious seueritie did accoÌ„panie him to his house C. Caesar did at that time giue some token of a rebellious humor whereof Rome tasted afterward too much himselfe in the end was poisoned with the dregs Catiline hearing what was done at Rome gathered an armie and making a laborious iourney through the steepe and craggie hils intended a voyage into that part of Fraunce which is beyond the Alpes which Q. Metellus perceiuing who was leader of three bands of soldiers in the PiceÌ„ prouince he remooued his tents and pitched them at the bottome of the Pistorian heath froÌ„ which place the armie of C. Antonius was not farre Catiline when he saw that he was on euery side embayed with mountaines armed meÌ„ chose rather to fight with Antonius who coÌ„mitted the vantgard to the conduct of M. Petreius Catiline in that battell gaue a sharpe onset and continued the fight with an vndaunted stomacke but in the end was slaine and dying with great indignation was there trampled to death by the hoofes of horses Thus he that did defend himself in the Senate house was confounded in the field and that by the iustice of destinie who with a scourge of steele followeth proud aspirers this insolent Romane perceiued at the time of his death the deceitfull glose of his fawning fancie the vaine sophistrie of bewitching ambition â¸ª LACHESIS Or the second Booke CN Pompeius for his great valor magnanimitie iustly intitled Magnus did in course of time grow to an exceeding greatnesse of authoritie and had purchased through his worthie exploits the loue applause and admiration of the whole world his father was Cn. Pompeius an approued souldier and a Consularian his mother was Lucilia a Senators daughter he was of a comely personage not so commendable for beautie as for a pleasing and constant complection which continued euen to his last houre his wisedome was of a wonderfull excellencie his life in all parts absolute his eloquence but indifferent he was desirous to haue honour offred but was not ambitious to vsurpe it a fast friend a religious obseruer of his word in reconciling meÌ„ that were at variance most faithfull in receiuing satisfaction for offences most easie neuer vsing his power to impoteÌ„cie nor his wit to vanitie from his cradle a souldier in his youth a conqueror triumphant and in all his warres couragious and dreadfull For though Sertorius did more coÌ„mend Metellus yet he was more afraid of Pompey And of the Spaniards he triumphed when he was but a Romane knight not hauing as yet borne any office of estate To be a knight of Rome was so much better then to be a common gentleman by how much a patritian Senator was more honorable then a nouitian whose auncestours were neuer of the Senate And Pompey by degrees did endeuour to aduance his credit and in the end by the conquest of many mightie nations became peereles Mithridates his power was enfeebled by Sylla disiointed by Lucullus broken in peeces by Pompey after which victorie he subdued the Iewes tooke their citie and possest the temple of Ierusalem a rare and miraculous monument which though he filled with his souldiers yet he restrained theÌ„ from the spoile In that warre he partly recouered and partly subdued to the Romane power Armenia Colchis Cappadocia Cilicia Syria and all the region of Palestine to the riuer of Euphrates He ouercame beside Paphlagonia Galatia Phrigia Mysia Lydia Caria Ionia and all that part of Asia which lyeth about Pergamus He committed the regiment of Armenia maior to Tigranes the Island of Bosphorus to

opinion of Cicero that none should dispute of that which was done that none should speake of it that none should go vnto him that none should write vnto him But in the end Cn. Pompeius hauing vndertaken emnitie with Clodius being vrged by the earnest petition of Titus Annius Milo and moued by the abundant kindnesse of his heroicall nature did in his mind make speciall election of this care to reduce Cicero from banishment VVherefore the yeare next ensuing P. Lentulus and Q. Metellus being Consuls Cicero by a Senatorie decree was recalled from banishmeÌ„t with the great desire of the Senate and the great reioycing of Italie The ground whereon his house stoode was exempted from religious consecration and his house was not so shamefully throwne downe by Clodius as it was sumptuously reedified by the Senate his possessions were restored vnto him and all the acts which Clodius made in his Tribuneship were adiudged to be void Clodius did greatly indignate at the returne of Cicero hauing aggregated vnto him a rascall route of thriftlesse and vnconscionable ruffians he partly draue away and did partly maime and murder the carpenters and workmen that were busied about the renewing of Ciceroes house he burnt beside the house of Q. Cicero he fought with Milo many times in the streets he pursued Cicero with stones clubs and swords arming all his men with braÌ„ds of fire in the one hand and swords in the other led them to the burning of Miloes house but this tempest and trouble of the citie who did bestow kingdomes and take them away and deuided the world at his pleasure which burnt the temple of the Nimphes that he might scorch the rowle in which his shame was enregistred which with masons architectes and measurers of ground did suruey almost euery close and plot that lay neare vnto him hoping in the end to make it his own purchase and to dilate and extend his demeasnes from the gate of Ianus to the top of the Alpes which threatned death to Sanctia a matron as holy in her manners as in her name and to Apronius a young gentleman vnlesse they would sell vnto him their inheritance who told Fursonius in plaine termes that if he would not lend him so much mony as he required he would carie him dead into his house This enemie I say to all good men to his neighbors to forreyners to his friends to his kinsmen was shortly after slaine by Milo for whose death he did lye in awaite and his bodie being conueyed to Rome was loathed of the beholders for it was the harbour of a foule ostridge Caesar was now in hot warres against the French of whose exploits as they did happeÌ„ in nine yeares space whilst he was President there by the commission of the Senate I will make a brief rehearsall as the times did yeeld them In the first yeare the Heluetians when Caesar had scarcely set foote in France burnt their houses and leauing their countrie dispersed themselues in the fields of the Sequani and so came to the coast of the Tolossians Caesar perceiuing that their abode in that place would be dangerous to the citie of Tolossa and being earnestly intreated by the petition of the Ambarrians and the Allobroges who did complaine themselues to be greatly vexed and disturbed by the Heluetians remoouing his tents and hauing ouertaken them at the riuer of Arraris destroyed in pursuite all the villages of the Tigurines Caesars horsemen which were sent before to obserue what waies and pathes the Heluetians did take were by them discomfited Afterward they gaue battell to Caesar and in that battell they were ouercome and yeelding themselues to Caesars mercie they were enioyned to resort to their owne countrie and there to repaire their houses Then Caesar being mooued by the complaint of certaine FrenchmeÌ„ addrest against Ariouista the king of the Germaines whome he did pursue in battell to the riuer of Rhenus In the second yeare he waged battell against the Belgians the most of which were slaine The like successe had he against the Neruians In the third yeare fighting on the sea against the Venetians he caused theÌ„ to yeeld and P. Crassus his Lieutenant did subdue almost all the countrie of Aquitania In the fourth yeare the Germaines passing with a great multitude ouer the riuer of Rhine arriued in Fraunce whom Caesar assaulting on the sudden did vtterly destroy then he made a bridge ouer Rhenus and determined to vexe and exagitate the Germaines in their owne countrie because France was so much disquieted and molested by them hauing burnt there many cities and villages of the Sicambrians being also certified that the Britanes did minister succour and gaue encouragement to the conspiracies of the French he sayled into Britaine and constrained the Britanes by sharpe onset to yeeld vnto him Caesars nauie that transported his horse was shrewdly shaken with a tempest wherewith the Britaines being reuiued betooke themselues againe to weapons and fighting with Caesar were put to flight at length they sued to Caesar for peace which he taking hostage of them did easily graunt and returned into Fraunce and the same yeare the Morines MenapiaÌ„s rebelling he reduced to obedieÌ„ce In the fifth yeare Caesar returning from Illyrium to which place he went for the stopping and beating backe of an incursion made by the Pirustae came to his armie in Fraunce and addressed warre afresh against the Britaines hauing broken truce and enioying there a prosperous fight a great multitude of the inhabitants being slaine and a great part of the Island brought into the power of the Romanes taking hostages and imposing tribute he set saile for Fraunce In the sixt yeare the Eburons did rebell against Caesar Ambiorix being their king and Captaine whoÌ„ in many places Caesar fiercely and feruently pursuing put to the sword and dispersed the remnaÌ„t of that rebellious companie In the seuenth yeare Caesar went into Italy vpon occasion of a mutinie which there did befall The French thinking that he would be detained by domesticall warre and that it would be hard for him to returne to his armie during that dissention began now to take aduise of renewing warre against the Romanes The Carnutians professing that they would be leaders to that attempt bound others vnto them by oath and hauing appointed a day they repaired to Genabis where many of the Romanes did negociate were earnestly occupied and busied about their trafique merchandise all which were slaine by the French which massacre being certainly reported at Aruernum and other parts of Fraunce the Pietons the Parisians the Cadurcians the Tureus the Aulerci the Lemonickes the Audians did ioyne in armour and did confederate with the Carnutians Caesar hearing of this new enterprise made speedie returne into Fraunce and hauing placed seuerall garrisons in the cities of the Volscians of the Artonikes of the Tolossians in Narbo which

archers did present themselues to Pompey from Dardania from Colchis and the shore of the Adriaticke sea the AthamaÌ„ts Enchelians and diuerse others besides these flocked vnto him thousands from Babylon Damascus and Phrygia together with the Idumaeans Tyrians Sidonians and Phaenicians there came also from Tarsus from Cilicia from India Persia Armenia Arabia and Aethiopia For the aide of Caesar there came many Scythians Hircanians and from diuerse regions beyond the hill Taurus likewise the Lacedaemonians the Sarmatians the Lydians the Essedones the Arimaspians the Massagites the Mores the Gelonians the Marmarians the Memnonians and they that dwell beyond the pillers of Hercules were readie in armour and shewed themselues seruiceable to Caesars commaund Cn. Pompeius partly to welcome the straungers that came to Dirrachio and partly to encourage the Romanes which did follow him and to make the cause of the vndertaken warre manifest to them all the Nobles and Senators sitting round about him in harnesse vsed this speech vnto them Let it not any whit dismay you friendly forreiners and faithfull harted Romanes that you are now farre from the wals of the taken citie and if the Italian ingenuitie and the heate of the Romane bloud be as yet warme within the Romanes let them not marke vpon what earth they stand so they stand vpon the ground of a good and lawfull quarrell It is I trust euident to you all that we are the Senate for if we were in the vtmost climate of the world aud directly vnder the freezing waine of the Northerne Beare yet in our hands should be the administration and regiment of the affaires of Italie VVhen Camillus was at Veios Rome was there also and the Romanes forsaking their houses did neuer chaunge their lawes Now is Rome Caesars captiue and a sort of sorrowfull hearts hath he there in hold emptie houses silent lawes and close courts we are here as the punishers of Caesars faults and the armor which we now beare is but onely the wrath of reuengefull Rome Caesars warfare is as iust as Catilines and when he should be like to the Scipioes and the Marcelli he falleth into the rebellious faction of C. Marius Lepidus Carbo Sertorius and yet in truth I honour him too much to consort him with these He maketh accompt of me as of one withered halfe dead and foredone with yeares but it is better for you to haue an ancient captaine then for Caesar to leade an armie of spent and outworne Veteranes And though the age which hope doth follow be farre more plausible and acceptable then that which death doth pursue yet wisedome and experience proceede from elder times the head whose haires resemble the feathers of the swan is a Senate house to a good armie And if I may not be a souldier yet I will be the example of a souldier vnto you The aestimation that I haue alwaies had amongst you Romanes by whose meanes I haue bene extolled to that honour aboue which neuer any Romane citizen did ascend may warrant my warfare VVith vs also are both the CoÌ„suls with vs the armies of many forraine kings potentates Is Caesar trow you so venturous because he warred so loÌ„g against the vnruly French why it was but a sporting practise more fit to traine his souldiers then to merite triumph or hath his fortune against the Germaines raised his courage he went not so speedily to the Germaines as he departed from them and rather fearing them then feared of them he called the Germaine sea the whirlepit of hell or doth his bloud begin to boile within him because the fame of his furie did suddeÌ„ly driue the Senators out of their houses and harbours VVhen I displayed my blazing ensigne vpon the Ponticke sea the Ocean was no more traced with the pirate ships but they did all crowd into a narrow corner of the earth Mithridates that vntamed prince who long expected when victorie should flie from Rome I enforced to take his pauillion in which he died like a fugitiue coward therin I was more fortunate then the most fortunate Sylla There is no part of the world without my trophees and what land soeuer lyeth vnder the sunne hath either bene vanquished or terrified by Pompey and I haue left no warre for Caesar but this which now he maintaineth in which though he ouercome yet he shall neuer triumph VVherefore the nearer Caesar doth approch vnto you the more let your courage rise or if words cannot preuaile imagine that you are now vpon the banckes of Tiber and that the Romane matrons standing vpon the wals of the citie with streaming teares and dispersed hairelockes do exhort you and intreate you to fight Imagine that out of the gates of the citie the old and grayheaded fathers that are notable to weild weapons do prostrate vnto your feete their hoarie heades requiring succour and defence of you and thinke that Rome herself fearing a tyrant boweth vnto you thinke that the infants which are alreadie borne which hereafter shall be borne haue mingled their common teares and that they which as yet neuer saw the light desire to be borne free and they which do now liue desire to dy free and if all this will not serue then Pompey if he may so debase the maiestie of a Generall with his wife and children will fal before your feet But this is my last behest that I require of you let not Pompey who in his youth hath alwaies honored you be dishonored through your default in his dying yeares for your selues for your kindred your freedome and good estate I protest thus much that I will neuer returne to Rome but I will carrie peace in my hand and the Oliue braunch shall be my ensigne The Romanes were greatly emboldened hearing these words seeing their Generall so youthfully minded as it were refined in the mould of Mars VVherefore they expected Caesar with prepared minds And Caesar hauing now praefected gouernors ouer Orichum and Apollonia made great hast to Dirrachio in which place at his first comming Pompey gaue him the onset and made him to flie hauing lost a great part of his armie and though M. Antonius came not long after to Caesar with a fresh supply ready to face and brest the enemie yet Pompey did so plague theÌ„ with continuall warring against them when he saw coÌ„uenient time that Caesars victuals being almost wasted he was faine through penurie of corne to flye into Thessali and Pompey speedily pursuing him in the champion plaine of Pharsalia pitched his tents directly against Caesars In Pompeis campe all things were glorious magnificent and glittering in shew in Caesars all things powerfull actiue and strong The Romanes being thus deuided both parties were greatly enflamed with desire of fight Pompeis souldiers were readie to depriue him of the ensignes and to enter the field without a Generall so deliberatiue was that noble Captaine of their welfare and so desperate were they and carelesse what

befell vpon them In Pompey there was this desire and thought to ouercome with as little bloudshed as might be But what fiends and damned spirits diddest thou inuocate Caius Caesar what Stygian furies what infernall hagges and what nightly terrors didest thou intreat to what Eumenides diddest thou sacrifice intending such a generall slaughter Pompey being earnestly vrged by his souldiers thought good to marshall his men and to set the armie as might be most conuenient for the soile whereon they were to combate The left wing of the armie was committed to L. Lentulus the leading of the right wing had L. Domitius the strength and middest of the battell did wholly relie vpon P. Scipio vpon the bankes and sides of the riuers did march the Cappadocians Ponticke horsemen in the brode field were Tetrarches Kings and Princes and all the purpled Lords that were tributarie to Rome Pompeis squadrons were furnished with many Romanes Italians and Spaniards Caesar seeing his enemies to haue discended into the plaine was heartily glad that so good occasion was offred him and that the day was come which with a million of wishes he called for wherefore departing out of his tents and marshalling his souldiers he made toward Pompey In this battell the fathers face was directly against the sonnes the brother was preparing himselfe against his brother the vncle was the first that leuelled at the nephew and he that did slay most of his kindred was accompted most couragious VVhen the truÌ„pets denounced the warres and gaue a signe of fight the Caesarians did fiercely giue assault to the Pompeians The force and vigor of the warre did consist in the launces speares and swords which Pompey had well prouided against by ioyning the targets one with another so that Caesar had much ado to breake the array but fearing lest his foremen should faint he caused the transuers legions to follow his ensigne who as it were with a side-wind aduenturing vpon PoÌ„peis armie stroke them downe on each side so fast as they went The barded horse being incensed with the heate of the warre his heart being boared with the point of the speare exempted himselfe from the reine The Barbarians being not able to restraine them gaue way to Caesar and the foming steede being now the regent of the field the fight was confused and disordered for vpon whom the dart did vncertainly light leauing their horses perforce they lay groning and groueling on the earth till the hoofes of the arrearing coursers did crush the veile of their braines Caesar was now come to the heart and center of Pompeis armie but the night drew on which made both sides pause Caesar did thanke his souldiers and gliding through euery troope and band of them he did put nourishing oile into their burning wrath He tooke view of their swords curiously obseruing whose weapon was ouerflowed with bloud and whose was dipped at the point whose hand did treÌ„ble and whose was stedfast who changed the countenance through feare who through furie and casting his eyes on the prostrate carcasses frowning vpon them with curled forehead as not yet satisfied he fed his irefull lookes with the desolate aspect of his slaine countriemen but if he perceiued a gaspe in the flesh of his owne souldiers he would endeuour to close it vp with his hand giuing them words of comfort and encouragement did sooner heale them then indeede they were healed At the dawning of the day next ensuing and at the first entrance of that mornings bloudie houres when the welkin had put aside the vizard of the night the starres being couered and the earth discouered by the Sunne Caesar giuing his souldiers new swords new darts speares and launces and awaking their courage giuing them also to vnderstand with the point of his launce in what part of the aduerse armie the forreine kings the Consuls the Senators and the nobilitie were placed directed them as it were by aime to gage the bodies of many excelleÌ„t men who entangling their weapons in the intrals of these noble enemies did throw to the ground to extreme ruine many princely potentates many reuerent persons were buried in go are many of the Lepidi of the Metelli of the Coruini and Torquati but amongst the rest the fortune of Domitius was dolorous and despitefull he as before hath bene said was once pardoned and dismissed of Caesar but now was singled out by Caesar and grieuously wounded but yet so great was his mind that he would not stoope to begge a second pardon whome Caesar looking vpon like a tyrant and seeing him rowle his fainting members in the moistned dust did with this bitternesse insult giuing him the scornefull gaze L. Domitius now I hope at length you wil forsake your maister Pompey hereafter I trust you will practise no enmitie against Caesar But as good fortune would he had as yet breath enough to replie in these few words Caesar I dy a free man and I go to the region of Proserpina not seeing thee as a conquerour but as yet inferiour to Pompey and euen at my death am I refreshed with this hope that thou liuest to be subdued by the rigor of destinie which wil take reuenge both for vs and for thy sonne in law Hauing spoken these words his life fled from him and his sight was taken away with a dreadful darknesse by whose wounds so much bloud was not lost as there was glorie gained For he gaue a cleare token of an honorable mind accompting it a great deale better to haue dignitie without life then life without dignitie But Caesar thinking nothing to be done if any thing were vndone ragingly and earnestly did seeke for the person of Pompey rushing into the thicke of his souldiers neuer stretched out his arme without deaths warrant and neuer looked backe but when he saw none to fight withall Pompey standing a farre off on the top of an hill seeing the fields to swimme with bloud and the Romane Senate to be nothing now but an heape of carcasses and that his owne decay was sought for by the bloud of a multitude reseruing himselfe to some better fortune forsooke the field and fled to Larissa Caesar perceiuing it thought it better to giue some rest to his armie then with a sudden pursuite to make after him wherefore he retired his souldiers came to Pompeys tents VVhen the wandering night was chased froÌ„ the inferiour Islands by the recoursing day and the Sunne had imparted his brightnesse to our vnder-neighbors and the dreames were readie to possesse the Theater of the fancie the wearisome creatures of the world declining to their rest the Caesarians hauing ransacked Pompeis tents and refreshed their fainting bodies with the viand there left betooke themselues to their ease and reposed their wearied limmes in these plots which the Pompeians did before lodge in But how shall I describe the deformitie of that night in which hell did breath out the ghosts of them that

were slaine the aire was infected with contagious vapours and the starres trembled at the beholding of the vncouth Stygians Sleepe did bring no quietnesse vnto them but flames murmurs horrors and the hideous sounds of the skriking Harpies The ghost of the slaughtered Romane did appeare vnto them and euery mans fancie was a fiend vnto him some did thinke that they beheld the image of a young man some of an old man others did dreame that their brethren were come to take reueÌ„ge on them but in Caesars mind were all these terrors the slaine Senate did seeme to encoÌ„passe him on all sides brandishing their fierie swords sweating frying and dropping with rosen and sulpher and the greatest torment of all was a guiltie conscience He was now molested with the powers of hell when his enemies that suruiued slept quietly in Larissa Pompey after his mishap in Pharsalie made speedie voiage toward Egipt where Ptolome did raigne for Pompey hauing procured the restitutioÌ„ of his father to the throne of Egipt and with many other singuler benefites hauing deserued his fauour thought that the young Prince in a kind regard wold haue entertained him according to his honour and desert but who doth busie his memorie in recounting benefites and who will thinke himselfe beholden to one that is distressed and when doth not fortune chaunge friendship Ptolome vnthankfull Ptolome disleagued with the senslesse litargie of foule ingratitude when by certaine report he heard that Pompey had approched to the shore sent out his dire and dreadfull messengers to depriue the aged bodie of the vnuanquished mind And when Achilles that bold butcherer did with his glaiue portend the last end of his daies Pompey whose excellent qualities might encline a massagite to mercie craued with constant countenance but a word or two of them and as for life he was content to leaue it the sauage helhound would scarcely condescend to this request but at length his tygers heart yeelded and Pompey in few words wishing to the Romanes libertie to his wife comfort to his sonnes safetie was beheaded by these mercilesse Egyptians and his head was born as a present to Ptolome which was farre too good a present for so lewde a prince But how false was this world to Pompey who had not now earth enough for his sepulture to whom before the earth was too little for his coÌ„quest but rare is that bird whose feathers do not moult and happie is that man whose glorie doth not eclipse Caesar made hast after Pompey with an hote and earnest pursuite not knowing that he was praeuented of the prize which he aimed at and as the beasts which nature hath placed in the wildernesse when poore pilgrimes walke by their solitarie and vncouth dens runne all together with one rage hunting their footsteps euery one thinking to purchase the pray the Lion the Leopard the Beare the Beuer the Tiger the Luzerne and the VVolfe making the woods to ring with hollow outcries So the Caesarians did enquire and make after Pompey amazing the seas with sounding trumpets drums fifes and shawmes and neuer ceassed their pursuite till they were arriued in Egipt where they were roially entertained of Cleopatra the Egyptian princesse who with complaint and mournfull melodie did allure Caesar admiring her singular beautie to tame and suppresse the pride of Ptolome who had then deforced her from her soueraigne estate Caesar did not deny this faire Oratresse hauing alreadie perswaded him if her toung had bin silent Mars spent a long time with Venus and before his departure from thence Cleopatra was another Calphurnia vnto him But why do I name Calphurnia For what proportion can there be betwixt a chast matron and a shamelesse curtizan Caesar labouring to restore Cleopatra to her former dignitie was suddenly assaulted by the king of Egypt with an huge armie and in that warre he was driuen to many extremities the conduit pipes were cut a sunder and he was besieged on euery side being as yet in Cleopatraes pallace but in the end wrastling out of these misfortunes he gaue battell to the Egyptians at Pharoes and conueying himselfe into a gallie for the defence and safegard of his fleete which was grieuously tost he was so vexed and shaken by his enemies that he was faine to leaue his gally and swimming a great way in the riuer of Nilus returned with great difficultie to his armie but at the last encountring the Egyptians at Alexandria he put the king and his whole armie to the sword and in these warres was burnt the notable librarie of Ptolomeus Philadelphus but much against Caesars mind who as he was specially learned so he made speciall accompt of that monument of learning Caesar hauing raised Cleopatra to her pristinate roialtie departed from Egypt and hastened toward Vtica but in the way being enformed that Pharnaces the son of Mithridates whome Pompey when he had finished the warre against Mithridates had made king of Bosphorus had subtracted from the Romanes and atchieued to himself Cappadocia Colchis Armenia and part of Pontus Caesar sent against him Domitius Caluinus whose armie was discomfited by Pharnaces Caesar did then in person make expedition against him and assaulting him at Zelia caused him at the first ioyning of battell to flye and hauing entred Bosphorus he was slaine of Asander the author of his inuasions VVhilest Caesar was marching toward Vtica M. Cato disdaining to receiue life at the haÌ„ds of Caesar and greatly perplexed in mind that a man so rebelliously bent should haue so prosperous fortune did with violent hands determine his daies Caesar hauing taken Vtica as he was returning to Rome did encounter P. Scipio on the seas who seeking by all warlike meanes to preserue the slender sparckle of his dying life was at length slaine and Caesar sayling from thence enshoared in Sardinia and making no long tarriance in that place came the fiue and twentieth day of that moneth which beares his name at this day to the citie of Rome where he was welcomed with such applause such gratulation with such melodie with so rare banquets and with so gorgious shewes that Pompeis death was not bewailed with halfe so many teares as he was entertained with ioyes and for the sealing of their good affection towards him they did grant to him by a fourefold triumph to enlarge his fame A triumph was a most excellent honour which the captaine who by battell had ouercome his enemies returning with his armie into the citie did at the first enioy by the decree of the Senate and afterward by the consent of the people It was called a triumph because the souldiers did crye along the streete as they went to the Capitolle Io triumph Surely the Romanes did greatly aduantage themselues by the vsing of these triumphes for by them men were animated to warlike exploits But many thinke a common-weale then onely to flourish wheÌ„ it hath peace and plentie but being

might also fully know the estate of the common-weale as well in peace as in warre and how much by munition by men and by monie it could do Therefore tossing many things in my mind this was my resolution to praeferre thy dignitie Caesar before mine owne fame and modestie and to put anything in practise so I might procure glorie to thee And this I did not rashly or to flatter thee but because in thee amongst the rest I find one skill very maruellous that thy mind hath bene greater in aduersitie then in prosperitie But with others it is a matter of more accompt and reckening that men be sooner wearie with praising thy valor then thy self art wearied with doing things worthie of praise Surely I hold it for a rule that nothing can be fet from the depth of inuention which is not readie to thy thought And if this purpose should onely raigne in thy brest to deliuer thy selfe from the furie of enimies and how thou maiest retaine the fauour and good liking of the people thou should do a thing vnworthie of thy vertue But if that mind be as yet resident in thee which from the beginning disturbed the faction of seditious men which brought the Romanes from the heauie yoake of seruitude vnto libertie which without weapons did confound the armies of thine enemies whereof haue ensued so many and so glorious actes both at home and abrode that thy foes cannot complaine of any thing but of thine excellencie then receiue from me such things as of the summe or state of the common-weale I shall deliuer which doubtlesse thou shalt either find to be true or else certainly not farre from the truth There is no man brought vp in a free estate who doth willingly yeeld superioritie to another and though the mightier man be by nature of a good and mild disposition yet because when he will he may be wicked and iniurious he is therefore feared which hapneth because many great men are peruersly minded and thinke themselues so much the safer by how much more they do permit other meÌ„ ouer whom they rule to be wicked vniust But surely a contrarie course should be taken when the Prince is good himselfe to labour and indeuour likewise to make the people good For euery bad fellow doth most vnwillingly beare a gouernour but this to thee Caesar is of greater difficultie then to others who haue ruled before thee thy warre hath bene more mild then the peace of other meÌ„ besides they which did ouercome do demaund the spoile they which are ouercome are their fellow citizens Through these difficulties must thou passe And strengthen the common-weale for succeeding posteritie not by weapons nor as against enemies but which is farre greater and more difficult by peaceable meanes Therefore to this point the state of things doth call euery man either of great or of meane wisedome to vtter as much good as he can concerning this matter For mine owne part this I thinke that as by thee the victorie shall be qualified and ordered so shall all things follow Thou diddest wage battell noble Caesar with an excellent man of great power and desirous of glorie a man of greater fortune then wisedome followed by some few enemies both to thee to themselues such as either affinitie did draw vnto him or some other bond of dutie for none of them was partaker of his dominatioÌ„ which he could not tollerate For if he could haue brooked an equall the world had not bene set on fire with warre but because thou art desirous to establish peace and vpon this anuill thou and thy friends do continually beate consider I pray thee of what nature the thing is whereof you consult Certainly I haue this conceit that because all things which haue beginning must haue end when the fate and determined lot of destruction shall fall vpon this citie that our citizens will contend and make warre against their fellow citizens and so being wearied and consumed will become a pray to some forraigne king or nation otherwise not the whole world nor all the people vnder the arch of the heauens being mustred or assembled together shall be able to shake or crush this flourishing common-weale Therefore the good effects of concord are to be maintained and the euils of discord to be banished and driuen away that may easily come to passe if thou abridge the licence of riotous spending and iniurious extorting because young gentlemen in these times are inured to such a fashion that they thinke it a glorious matter vainly to mispend their owne goods and the goods of other meÌ„ denying nothing to their owne lust nor to the shamelesse request of their leud companions and their restlesse mind hauing entred into a crooked way and dissolute course wheÌ„ their maintenance faileth them and wonted supplies are wanting do conceiue a burning indignation against their fellow citizens and turne all things out of course In that commoÌ„weale all things are well ordered where offices and dignities are not sold and where ambition enioyeth not the rewards of vertue this and all other euils shall cease when mony shall cease to be honoured where riches are precious there all good things are vile faith honestie modestie chastitie because there is but one way to vertue and that is hard and rough but to mony there be many smooth waies it is gained as well by euill as by good meanes Couetousnesse is a sauage and deuouring beast immane intollerable which way so euer it wendeth it wasteth destroyeth townes fields temples and houses it mingleth holy and humane things together neither armes nor wals can stop the course of it It spoileth and bereaueth men of fame children countrie and parents but if thou debase the high accompt of monie the force of couetousnesse by good manners will be abated I haue by reading found that all kingdomes cities and nations haue so long enioyed a prosperous estate whilst true aduise did preuaile in them but whensoeuer fauour feare or pleasure was the sterne or motiue of their counsels then their wealth was first diminished next their dominion abridged and lastly their libertie impeached VVherefore I beseech and exhort thee renowned Caesar that thou wouldest not suffer such a goodly dominion as this to be tainted with rust or by discord rented in peeces If that thing happen neither night nor day will appease the storms of thy mind but by dreames being rowzed from thy bed thou shalt be chased and pursued with continuall cares I haue dispatched in few such things as I accompted honorable for thee Caesar and necessarie for this common-weale The most part of men to iudge of others haue sufficient conceit at least in their owne conceit and to reprooue an other mans deeds or words euery mans mind doth burne with desire They thinke their throat is not wide enough nor their toung glib enough to poure out of their breasts their malicious exceptions to whose censure that I am subiect

doth so little shame me that it would haue grieued me to haue bene silent for whether it shall please thee to follow this course or some better I shall not be mooued sith I haue spoken as much as my barrennesse could bring foorth It remaineth for me and for vs all to wish that such things as thou shalt in wisedome effect the gods would prosper Caesar afterward to match his foure triumphs was made the fourth time Consul his statue also was placed amongst the statues of the auncient kings in the Senat-house there was a throne of iuorie made for him in the theater his roome was such as it contained pleasure pompe and cost his image was exquisitly painted in the Orchester a place wherein the Romaine gentlemen did vse to daunce and vaut the moneth of Iuly was then also coÌ„secrated to Iulius as the moneth of March is to Mars Caesar did not rest in these honors but thought still to propagate his fame by warlike exploits VVherefore hearing that PoÌ„peis sons did raise great tumults vprores in Spaine he made great hast thitherward at the towne of Siuill opposed himselfe to Cn. Pompeius one of the sonnes of Pompey the Great who was constrained to flye but Labienus met him at vnawares and hauing slaine him brought his head to Caesar Sex Pompeius his brother escaped by flight â¸ª ATROPOS Or the third Booke THe warre in Spaine being quickly dispatched Caesar returned to Rome and the Romanes did redouble his honours for he was presently made Dictator perpetuall Censor perpetuall Consull for ten yeares and Emperour of Rome he was called also the father of his countrie But Caesars fortunes did soone after begin to decline and these diuerse coloured titles were but as reinebowes which do glitter gallantly for a time but are suddenly extinct his fatall houre was now approching and enuie stayed in the cloudes expecting his end But as a mightie and huge oake being clad with the exuuials and trophes of enemies fenced with an armie of boughs garnished with a coate of barke as hard as steele despiseth the force and power of the windes as being onely able to dallie with the leaues and not to weaken the roote but the Northerne wind that strong champion of the airie region secretly lurking in the vault of some hollow cloud doth first murmur at this aspiring oake and then doth strike his crest with some greater strength and lastly with the deepest breath of his lungs doth blow vp the roote So vndoubtedly was it with Caesar who disdained feare and thought it a great deale better to die then to thinke on misfortune but destinie is no mans drudge and death is euery mans conqueror matching the scepter with the spade and the crowned king with the praislesse peasant As none was more noble then Caesar so nothing was more notable then the death of Caesar for his dearest frieÌ„ds became his greatest enemies and their hands plucked him downe whose shoulders did lift him vp Many causes were pretended of the conspiracie bent against him the honours which were bestowed vpon him being both manie and great did cause him to be enuied of the Nobles and likewise it was a matter of cauill because sitting before temple of Venus genitrix the Senate comming to him to consult with him of great affaires he did sit and welcome them and did not rise vnto them another occasion of quarell was because M. Antonius would haue set a Diademe vpon his head the fourth cause was because he depriued Epidius Metellus and Cesetius Flauius of the Tribuneship fiftly it was greatly murmured because it was constantly reported that L. Cotta Quindecemuir that is a coÌ„templatiue reader of Sybillaes prophecies would pronounce sentence that because it was contained in the prophecies of Sybilla that the Parthians could not be ouercome but by a king therefore Caesar should be highted the king of Rome For these causes a conspiracie being raised against him in which the chiefe agents of the Pompeians were M. Brutus and C. Cassius and of the Caesarians D. Brutus and C. Trebonius in the Ides of March and in the Senate-house which was called Pompeyes court he was pierced with three and twentie wounds which because they were many and most of them were in the belly and about the midrife Caesar as ashamed of such wounds did let downe his robe from his shoulders to couer them and fell as a sacrifice vnder the statue of Cn. Pompeius Magnus M. Antonius and other friends of Caesar were spared by the aduise of M. Brutus lest they might seeme rather to be authors of a faction then of Caesars death After this bloudie exploit they by whoÌ„ he was slaine held the Capitolle I cannot giue Brutus praise for this but I rather thinke that he deserueth dispraise for had the cause of quailing him bene iust yet the course maner of killing him doth apparantly seeme vnlawfull for by that act the law Portia was broken by which it was prouided that it should not be lawfull for anie to put to death anie citizen of Rome indicta causa The law Cornelia de maiestate was also violated by which it was made high treason for any man to take anie aduise or make anie conspiracie whereby a Romane Magistrate or he which had a soueraigne power without iudiciall proces might suffer death And that ancient law was also despised by which it was forbidden that no Senator should enter into the Senate-house armed with any warlike weapoÌ„ or hauing about him anie edged toole Surely they that will end tumult with tumult can neuer be seized of good successe or fortunate eueÌ„t for discord may breed continue augment contention but it can neuer end it and to expect that all differences should be calmely compounded by generall accord is a thing not much to be hoped for because it seldome happeneth M. Brutus the chiefe actor in Caesars tragedie was in counsel deepe in wit profound in plot politicke and one that hated the principality whereof he deuested Caesar But did Brutus looke for peace by bloudshed did he thinke to auoyd tyrannie by tumult was there no way to wound Caesar but by stabbing his own conscience no way to make Caesar odious but by incurring the same obloquie VVill anie man speake vnto me of the wisedome of Brutus when he thinketh vpoÌ„ the field of Philippi wherein Brutus was like to the Comet who feeding vpon vapours vaine opinions at length consumed and confounded himself and thus were the two Bruti I meane the first and the last famous men of that honourable name both fatall to the estate of the Romane Common-weale for the former of them did expell the last king of the Romanes and the later did murder their first Emperour But if Caesars death had bene attended till naturall dissolution or iust proceeding had caused it his nephews entrie into the monarchie might well haue bene barred and intercepted because these honors were

passionate speech against the Senate ibid. he pardoneth Domitius 127. he seiseth the treasurie 131. he marcheth toward Spaine ibid. the strangers which were assistant to Caesar 133. the Caesarians giue the first assault to Pompey 140. his speech to Domitius 143. the dreames and visions of the Caesarians 145. he is entertained of Cleopatra 148. he is assaulted by the King of Aegypt 149. he swimmeth in the riuer of Nilus ibid. he addresseth against Pharnaces 150. he putteth Phanaces to flight ibid. he encouÌ„treth P. Scipio ibid. his triumphes are described 156 Salust maketh an oration to him 157. the great honours bestowed vpon him 165. he fighteth with Cn. Pompeius the younger at the Citie of Siuille ibid. the causes of the conspiracie bent against him 167. he is slaine in the Senate house 168. the Law Portia broken by the killing of him 169. the Law Cornelia also broken ibid Q. Catulus the dissention of Lepidus and Catulus 16. 76 Q. Catulus cause of his owne death 66 Portius Cato is slaine 55 M. Portius Cato Itichusis his lignage 102. his praise ibid. he killeth himselfe 150 Catiline his qualities 83. his lignage 85. he killeth his own sonne 86. he is greatly indebted 87. he is forbidden to make sute for the Consulship ibid. his impudent answere to Ciceroes oration 98 Cincinnatus his speedy warre 9 L. Cinna he beginneth a new broyle 62. he is expulsed the Citie ibid. he is made Captaine of a seditious armie ibid. he calleth C. Marius from banishment 63. a great fight betwixt him and Cn. Pompeius Strabo 64. he entreth the Citie ibid. he is slaine 69 Cicero he is called Paerpatriae 83. his oration against Catiline 92. he mourneth 112. he committeth himselfe to voluntarie exile 113. a sharpe law is made concerning his banishment ibid. he is recalled from banishment 114. he is put to death 185. Fuluiaes despitefull dealing with his toung 186 Cleopatra killed by Aspworms 196 Clodius he being tribune of the people becommeth seditious 109. he seeketh reuenge vpon Cicero 110. he is infamous for adulterie with Pompeia Caesars wife ibid. for incest with his sisters ibid. he is condemned by the Senate ibid. he persisteth to be an enemie to Cicero 114 he burneth the house of Q. Cicero ibid. he threatneth death to Sanctia 115. he is slaine by Milo ibid Cornelia she lamenteth her children 27 D Drusus his hard fortune 32 he is slaine 34. his repulse is the beginning of the Italian warre 38 F Ful. Flaccus a rebellious Senator slaine 26 G A. Gabinius after a prosperous fight he is slaine 23 C. Gracchus he is a rebell to the state 25. his seditious actes 26. he is beheaded 27 I Italie the Italian warre 15 L M. Lepidus the dissention of Lepidus and Catulus 16 M C. Marius the contention betwixt him and Silla 15. he besiegeth the Capitall 31 he putteth the conspiratours to death ibid. he destroyeth Saturninus his house ibid. he taketh Iugurtha by Sillaes meanes 28. his 3. 4. 5. 6. Consulships 29. his great victorie against the Cimbrians ibid. he is in high reputation 34. he putteth Vettius Cato to flight 52. he fighteth equally with the Marsians 53. he is disliked by the Consul Portius 54. his ambition 59. his extreame miserie 60. a captiue slaue is sent to kill him 61. the Minturnians are friends to him ibid. being recalled from banishment he entreth the Citie 64. Octauius is put to death by his crueltie 65. he dieth 67 Mancinus his punishment for breaking truce 20 Metellus he opposeth himselfe against Saturninus 30 he committeth himselfe to voluntarie banishment ibid Metellus his speech to Casar 130 Merula he cutteth in peeces his owne veine 65 Mithridates an enemie to the Romanes 15. 58 Numa N Numa religious 8 Numantia the Numantine warre 20 O Octauius his request to the Senate 177. he reconcileth himselfe to M. Antonius M. Lepidus ibid. M. Cicero doth greatly commeend him 178. he taketh Clodia to wife 179. he besiegeth Perusia 190. he fighteth with Sex Pompeius 191. he readeth the testament of M. Antonius 192. he sacrificeth all the Pinasses which he hath taken to Apollo 195. he buildeth Nicopolis 196. the Romanes plant a bay tree before his doore 200 Opimius his proclamation 26 P C. Perperna discharged C. of his lieuetnancie 52 Asinius Pollio the praise of him 190 Cn. Pampeius Strabo his victories 55. he triumpheth 56. his dissembling and vnconstancie 63. a great fight betwixt him and Cinna 64 Cn. Pompeius Magnus his great dignitie in Rome 16 Caesar cannot brooke it ibid. he Q. Catulus fight with Lepidus and ouercome him 77. Mithridates is ouerthrowne by Pompey 106. he entreth the Temple of Ierusalem ibid. he is honoured with a triple triumph 107. he matcheth with Iulia Caesars daughter 109. his Presidentship in Spaine proroguid 121. he is appointed by the Senate generall against Caesar 127. Domitius flyeth to Pompey 128 the forreiners which were readie in armes for the assitance of him 132. his oration to his souldiers 134. he putteth Caesar to flight 138 he marshalleth his armie 139. he flyeth to Larissa 144 he trauelleth to AEgypt 146. he is slaine by the AEgyptians 147 Popedius Silo Popedius a naturall enemie to the Romans 40. his oration to the Marsians 41. he is slaine 55 Pyrrhus fighting against the Romanes 10 R Rome built 6 Romanes the Romanes made wanton by prosperitie 19. the Romane Embassadors are despised of Hanniball 44 the Athenians faithfull to the Romans 67. the solemnitie which the Romanes vsed in their proceeding to the Senate 89. treacherie against the Romanes in Fraunce 119. what thing a triumph was amongst the Romans and how performed 151. they bestow many honors vpon Caesar 166 Romulus eagrest in fight 8 Romulus Remus bastards 42. nourished by a wolfe ibid. Remus is slaine by Romulus 43 P. Rutilius is slaine 52 S Saturninus he causeth C. Memmius to be slain 31. his house is destroyed by Marias ibid. he is a brocher of sedition 30. Q. Metellus opposeth himselfe against him ibid. Marius fauoreth Saturninus ibid Saguntines the miserable famine of the Saguntines 44 Sabines the rape of the Sabine virgins 43 P. Scipio Affricanus the elder his valor 18 P. Scipio Affricanus the younger his prowesse 18. he is sent backe into Spaine 24. he surpriseth Numantia ibid. he is found dead in his bed 25 his body is brought out into the streete ibid Scipio Nasica his familie 22 he opposeth himself to Gracchus ibid Seruius taxeth the Romanes by poles 8 Seruitins he is Proconsull and is slaine by the commotioners of Italy 38 Sertorius he leuieth armes in Spaine 77. he feareth Pompey 106. Liuius Salinator the Lieutenant of Sertorius is slaine 77. Sertorius is slaine 79 Spartacus he being a fenceplayer doth encounter the army of the Consuls 81. he taketh the citie of the Thurians ibid. M. Crassus appointed for the vvarre against him 82 Sulpitius he bringeth the Marrucines to obedience 55 Sulpitius a seditious Tribune altereth the state 59. murder is committed

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