Selected quad for the lemma: war_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
war_n	arragon_n	king_n	navarre_n	3,442	5	12.3539	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A09487	The counsellor of estate Contayning the greates and most remarkeable considerations seruing for the managing of publicke affaires. Diuided into three parts. The first contaynes the meanes to settle an estate. The secund, the meanes to perserue it. And the third, the meanes to encrease it. Written in French by one of the ancient counsellors to the most Christian kings, Henry the Fourth, and Levvis the thirteenth. Translated by E.G.; Conseiller d'estat. English	Béthune, Philippe de, comte de Selles et de Charost, 1561-1649.; Grimeston, Edward.	1634 (1634)	STC 1977; ESTC S101680	238,642	366

emulatio●s and dissentions and that opposing one against another the● which should be excluded would more willing●y giue their voices to a third man then to him that had ●pposed against them Contrariwise the French Embassad●urs labouring not for the exclusion of Charles but feeding themselues with the hope which the Arch-bishop of Mentz and the Marquesse of Brandeburge gaue them that this election would succeed to the benefit of King Francis remai●ed abused wherein Pope Lee did in some sort helpe yet contrary to his intention For although he desi●ed not that King Francis should be made Emperour no more then the King of Sp●ine but some third person he entertained the first with hope to the end that when he should see himselfe wholy excluded despight should make him imploy his practizes against the King of Spaine in fauour of some Germans and that hauing purchased no credit with him he might not grow distasted but might then fauour this designe openly We will therefore conclude that in euery Election the first consideration must be to labour for the exclusion of Competitors being certaine that many will sooner agree for the exclusion of one then they will for the Election of another and yet ingaging them by this meanes to offend the Competitors you bind them to thinke no more of them But if many agree to reiect you you must haue recourse to time and delay the Election as much as may be to the end they may grow weary and separate themselues CHAP. 4. Of the encrease of an Estate by Conquest BVt the most ordinary meanes to enlarge an Estate is by Conquest And to attaine vnto it you must know how to attempt it to make warre and to auoide it For the Enterprize of warre you must fly two things Iniustice and rashnesse To the end the Warre may bee iust he that vndertakes it must be a Soueraigne and the cause and end must be iust The iust causes to make War are our owne defence and that of our Friends the reuenge of our iniuries and theirs The iust pretentions we may haue to an Estate and our Diuines adde not only the defence of our Religion but its aduancement and propagation by the way of Armes and some the extirpation and rooting out of a contrary But others hold that Warre is a bad meanes to plant piety As for rashnesse he must likewise auoide it and for this effect before he resolue to warre he must see eyther some apparent profit or that he is forced by some great necessity but aboue all things before he vndertakes it he must assure his Estate both within and without Within in giuing contentment to his subiects iustifying his taking Armes and making them to allow of it to the end that if neede be they may assist him without in renewing the Leagues with such as may assist vs or annoy our Enemies or with those that may succour them diuerting them from their Friendship They must also resolue whether is most profitable either to make warre by Sea or by Land or by both and in what place Wherein although there be no generall Rule yet it would be of great aduantage to strike rather at the head then at the armes or legges and at the place where the Head of the State remaines then at any part more remote As likewise he must consider the place where the Enemy feares most to be inuaded The which the French vnto this day in the Warres which they haue had with the Spaniards haue little obserued For by many examples it may be verified that the thing which the Spaniards haue feared most was left the French should inuade him by Spaine King Ferdinand of Aragon although he were inuaded by the County of Rou●illon and was then stronger then the French yet he would not entertayne the Warre vpon this frontier as Guschardin sayth And the same Author writes that the said King hauing taken Nauarre more by the amazement which the English forces gaue then by his owne he would proceede no farther holding it no discretion to begin a Warre on the other side of the Mountaines with the French King least hee should remaine in the subiection of the people and great men of Spaine who being armed within the Countrey might haue sought to aduance their owne Estate And therefore seeing the forces of France turne towards Italy ●ee dismist his Army which was vpon the frontier of Nauarre without inuading France as hee had promised to his Colleagues being vnited for the defence of Italy against King Francis the first It serues for no purpose to pretend to the contrary the bad successe of the voyages of Perpignean and Nauarre by the French For in effect there is no History which doth not attribute that misfortune to the want of fore-sight and negligence of our Kings and to the bad conduct of their Ministers For admit they should not finde victuals sufficient in Spaine to entertaine their Army yet France which ioynes to this Frontier is not so needy nor so farre off but by Sea or Land they might be easily relieued and Spaine on that side being more barren it is certaine that the want will be greater for the Spaniard then for the French But to returne to generall considerations they must fore-see and prouide for all the inconueniences which may happen in such an Enterprize waighing exactly and comparing our forces with those of the Enemy And for that a Prince doth seldome conquer by force onely hee must obserue if there be in the Estate which he meanes to inuade any of those defects which is sayd might serue for the ruine of Estates to the end he may make vse of them To make Warr● hee must haue recourse to Military wisedome and ●udgement which deserues a more ample discourse and therefore I will now leaue it But to auoide Warre one of the principall considerations is to imbrace a fit time to treate a Peace to his aduantage And therefore hee must not haue an obstinate desire wholy to conquer a Prouince what hope soeuer good Fo●●une hath giuen him but hee must study how to make profit of his aduantages and to assu●● that by peace which he hath conquered In imitation of the Turke who holding this Maxime hath neuer restored any thing of Importance which hee hath gotten but all remaining in his possession in lesse then three hundred yeares hee hath built an Empire fearefull to all his Neighbours But the consideration a Prince ought to haue in his encrease is that hee make his profit of it it many times falling out that if an Estate newly conquered be not gouerned with great discretion and Iudgment it doth rather weaken then make the new conquerour more powerfull especially if this encrease ministers matter of iealousie to the Neighbour Princes For thence grow many designes and Leagues against him Thus drawing into consideration the aduantages of a conquest he must likewise haue a care of the meanes to maintaine and preserue it

an Estate are not fit as well for the iust feare they may conceiue of them that vnder colour of treating they should suffer themselues to bee practised by the other side as for that they haue sometimes interests and reasons which concerne them in their particular to the which they doe willingly accōmodate the affaires of their Master and to his disaduantage Besides there is seldome found so much patience and sufficiency in Men of this condition as is needfull in such Negotiations Neither may they choose men of a base condition as Lewis the Eleuenth did who imployed his Barber least that he with whom we treate or his Deputies doe not finde themselues contemned by this choyce Yet in secret treaties they stand not much vpon the choyce and these last are commonly most proper as those of whom they haue least distrust Vnlesse they hold it more fit to make vse of Embassadors which reside with the Prince with whō they meane to treate of some Prisoner take● in the War as the treaty of the League made betwixt Ki●g Lewis the twelfth and the Venetians by Andrew Gr●tty then Prisoner to the King These secret Treaties are vsually made when there is question to make a League one with another They are made for diuers intentions But most commonly to entertaine and deceiue him with whom they treate or to surprize his enemy or to assure himselfe of two enemies which make Warre treating with one secretly and the other openly Pope Alexander the sixt promised King Ferdinand by a breife to assist him for the defence of Naples in case that Ferdinand should promise to doe the like for the Estate of the Church The League which was treated betwixt Lewis the twelfth and the Venetians was so secret as neither Lewis Sforse nor the Pope did euer know what had beene treated vntill the Army was ready to march The treaty of the same French King which Ferdinand King of Spaine was no lesse secret to breake the League betwixt Spaine and England the King of England hauing sent a Herrald to the King of Spaine to summon him to performe their League who arriued at the same time when as the peace betwixt France and Spaine was proclaymed Pope Lee the tenth Hauing made a League with the Emperour and the King of Spaine treated with Lewis the twelfth not by a Publique instrument but by a scedule vnder his owne hand to the end the businesse might bee carried more secretly and that hee might assure himselfe of all sides The same Pope treated afterwards secretly with the King of Spaine for the defence of Italy Yet meaning to entertaine King Francis the first to slacken the preparations continued to treate with him sometimes demanding one thing and sometimes another to the end that the one being denied him hee might haue a Subiect to breake when hee should see his time and to make the French King beleeue that necessity more then his owne free will had induced him to treate with the Spaniard with whom hee had long before made a secret treaty And distrusting that the King would not yeild to that which hee should demand hee made dluers ambiguous and irresolute answers The same Pope made another secret League with the Emperour Charles the fift against King Francis the first and when he was forced to declare himselfe made shew to treate a new with the Embassadour of Spaine It is one of the ordinary policies among Princes and wherewith the best aduised doe sometimes suffer themselues to bee abused to propound a treaty to betray his commpanion Pope Iulio the second to winne time to make his preparations against the Duke of Ferrara he entertained King Lewis the twelfth making shewe that hee would agree The proposition of peace made by Lewis the twelfth vpon the difference for the Du'chie of ●ill●● was a meanes to chase the F●●●ch out of that Dutchy the generall of N●●ma●dy hauing 〈◊〉 vpon that Subiect to make a ●●uy of Grysons and thinking to spare the Ki●gs money lost that Estate The same Pope Iulio the second to the end nee might busie the same King sent his Nuncios to treate a peace with power to conclude it but with certaine limitations which might breed a doubt of his intention And hauing recouered his health hee continued the same treaty and at the same time made another offensiue League with the Venetians and the King of Aragon against the sayd King After these practises the King of Aragon and the King of England kept the French King in doubt of the League made by them to the end they might hinder his preparations The Emperour Maximillian the first to haue meanes to reuenge himselfe of the French King by a fraudulent reconcilliation interrupted the treaty which was made betwixt the sayd King and the Venetians and hindred the preparations of Warre which the sayd King might make making shewe that he would treate a peace with him The Spaniards to interrupt the League which was ready to bee made betwixt the Princes of Italy and Pope Clements the seauenth after the battaile of Pauia propounded vnto the sayd Pope to treate an accord The which not onely hindred the League and stayed the preparations of Warre which he might make but also caused him to discharge the troupes which he had drawne vnto him for his safety Hugo de Moncada made other prepositions of an accord to the same Pope to make him the more negligent to thinke of his defence Bourb●n leader of the Emperours troupes entertained the Pope with an accord whilst the Army marched towards Rome The Goufalonier of Florence to keepe Pope Clement from attempting any thing openly against the Citty entertained him with hope of some secr●t pra●●ises The Spaniard who in matter of State make no great difficulty to breake their faith doe more vsually practise this pollicie then any other Nation Alexander the sixt as Guichardin saith to busie his enemies excused those things that he could not deny and deuised those were doubtfull pacifiyng some with promises and good lookes and assuring others by diuers meanes treating with them a part to the end hee might breed a iealousiy among them and disvnite them Gonsalue in the treaty which hee made with the Duke of Calabria sware vpon the holy Host that hee would send him into France to his Father Fredericke But the interest of State preuailed more with him then the opinion of Men or the feare of God so as he sent them into Spaine Hee makes the like reckoning of the faith which hee had giuen to Duke Valentine by his safe conduct Notwithstanding the which hee sent him Prisoner into Spaine But Ferdinand of Aragon his Master sent him backe For hauing sent Phillip Arch-Duke of Austria into France to treate an agreement vpon the difference for the diuision made of the Realme of Naples betwixt him and King Lewis the twelfth in regard of the limits and bounds Notwithstanding that the sayd treaty had beene sworne by the

after the death of the Prince it is necessary if not of a new treaty at the least of some confirmation of the precedents Sometimes Alliances are contracted for an Enterprize and for one effect only in the which the Allies are inter●ssed and it may bee called by the name of a league These leagues are commonly defensiue but in effect they tend to attempt against some one and there are secret Articles for it as in that of Cambray against the Venetians in the which they borrowed the pretext of Religion and the peace of Christendome In the league which was made before against Charles the Eight betwixt the Pope the King of Romans the King of Spaine the Venetians and the Duke of Millan they borrowed the pretext for the defence of on● anothers Estate reseruing a place for such as would enter and in the secret Articles it was agreed that the Spaniards which were in Sicily should helpe Ferdinand of Aragon to recouer Naples the Venetians by Sea should inuade the Maritine places the Duke of Millan should hinder the succours that came from France and possesse himselfe of Asti where the Duke of Orleans was and that the Kings of Romans and Spaine should either of them in their parts inuade France when as Lewis the twelfth and Ferdinand of Aragon vnited themselues for the conquest of Naples they likewise tooke a pretext that they would afterwards make warre against the Turkes But besides the pretext there are many things to bee considered in the treaty of a league that is to say the cause why they ioyne in league belt for offence or defence The particular interest of euery one of the Leaguers and his intention which seekes to vnite himselfe With what Princes or Estates they make it their courage constancy faith and meanes the commodities of their Estates to assist the League and how they shall hinder those which present themselues to enter which are not fit for our Designe against whom it is made If hee be a powerfull Prince of himselfe assisted by Friends hauing ●acility to inuade the confederates eyther by himselfe or by the meanes of his Friends and his courage when they are to make the League and how they may excuse it and whether the time of the League be precisely limited to a certaine number of yeares or whilst the Enterprize shall last The contribution of Allies how it should be ordered as well in the leuy of Souldiers as in munitions of Warre and Victuals who must first ratifie the treaty among the confederates if there be many heads or one alone for the execution and ordinary causes of the Common-weale of the League The ordinary causes for the which they make a league are eyther to facilitate a conquest as that which was made betwixt Lewis the twelfth and Ferdinand of Aragon for the Realme of Naples Or to ballance the forces of one that is more mighty in hindring him that he grow not greater or diminishing his power The Athenians vndertooke to succour the Aegyptians not o●ely to dimi●ish the power of the Persian as Diodorus wri●es but to encrease their owne by the alliance of the Aegyptians A defensiue League which hath no other benefit but a n●cessary def●nce and in the which meane Estates are in a man●er equally in●eressed last vsually longer then an offensiue L●agu● which is voluntary and from the which eyther of the Co●se●era●es will easily part when hee hath no more interest So as in ballancing the interest of the one and the other he that shall finde himselfe accompanied with distrust and an opinion to bee irreconciliable to the common Enemy would proue the most firme in the League But with all this we must consider the wisdome courage and meanes of him with home we ioyne in League And as we may not choose him so powerfull as hauing preuayled ouer our common Enemy he may make no subiect vnto him So we must not choose one that is light and inconstant and of small meanes They write that inconstancy irresolution and the timerousnesse of Pope Clement the Seuenth ruined all the affaires of his Colleagues The Venetians would not ioyne in League with Pope Alexander the sixt hauing had ill successe being ioyned in League with Sixtus and Innocent for that Popes comming to dye they leaue Successors which haue other intentions and designes But the commodity or discommodity of Estates neare or farre off is very considerable as well in regard of those which vnite themselues as of those against whom they make the League And vpon this consideration all the Leagues which they haue propounded in Christendome against the Turke haue gone to smoake The danger of the Turke being held by Christian Princes vncertayne and farre off and regarding more the Estates of some then of others Being vnable but with much time and labour to possesse their minds with this necessary ardor to attempt against him By the like reason a League with the Turke is of small profit to a Christian Prince who hath his Estate remote from him vnlesse it be for the trade of the Subiect as well for the great distance as for that the manner of liuing of the one differs so much from that of the other as there can grow no confidence betwixt them But if some one seekes vnto vs to bee receiued into our league whom wee hold not fit for our designe they may propound such hard conditions vnto him as hee would lose his desire In like sort if we be sought vnto to enter eyther wee excuse our selues vpon the feare of some Enemy against whom we must reserue our forees as the Venetians did for feare of the Turke when as they were sought vnto by Charles the Eight or else wee will demand conditions of such aduantage for our selues as hee which seekes vnto vs may not yeeld vnto To say when we are to make a League it cannot be precisely done this depending vpon the condition of affaires But we may well say that some haue held that we must not make a League but after that the greatest Prince had imposed hard conditions vpon those with whom they made accompt to ioyne in League and had by this meanes prepared to vnite themselues for their discharge This was a Consideration which Pope Clement the Seuenth had to deferre the conclusion of the League which was treated against the Gouernour of France and the Princes of Italy during the Imprisonment of King Francis the first thinking as it happ●ned that the Emperour seeing the vncertainty of this League was likely to impose harder conditions vpon the King the which the King would neuer obserue and so he should be forced to continue in the League of Ital● to free himselfe Whereas if the League had beene made before his Inlargement it would haue made the Kings Conditions more milde and more easie for the Emperour in freeing the King to draw him from the other Confederates Behold how euery man doth husband the