4._o v._n 5._o &_o seq_fw-la 1._o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o epocha_n of_o these_o 390_o year_n must_v be_v fix_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o general_n defection_n of_o the_o people_n of_o israel_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o their_o king_n jeroboam_n of_o who_o it_o be_v say_v frequenth_n in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n that_o he_o make_v israel_n tâ—_n sin_n but_o the_o utmost_a period_n of_o this_o epocha_n must_v not_o be_v extend_v beyond_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o temple_n of_o solomon_n this_o be_v the_o intention_n of_o the_o prophetical_a vision_n as_o be_v manifest_a out_o of_o ver._n 1_o 2_o 7_o 13_o etc._n etc._n 2._o according_o we_o affirm_v the_o first_o year_n of_o this_o epocha_n of_o 390_o year_n to_o have_v be_v coincident_a with_o the_o 3734th_o year_n and_o the_o last_o year_n of_o the_o same_o epocha_n with_o the_o 4124th_o year_n of_o the_o julian_n period_n 3._o if_o therefore_o you_o subtract_v from_o any_o certain_a sum_n epocha_n to_o find_v out_o the_o year_n since_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o epocha_n of_o year_n of_o the_o julian_n period_n 3733_o year_n the_o residue_n show_v the_o year_n since_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o epocha_n and_o if_o you_o add_v the_o know_a time_n of_o this_o epocha_n to_o the_o say_v 3733_o year_n the_o product_n will_v be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o year_n of_o the_o julian_n period_n §_o 1._o bvcholzerus_n creutzhemius_n and_o some_o other_o epocha_n the_o beginning_n and_o end_n of_o this_o epocha_n begin_v this_o epocha_n from_o the_o four_o year_n of_o rehoboam_n and_o jeroboam_n for_o which_o they_o allege_v 2_o chron._n 11._o v._o 17._o tremellius_n begin_v it_o from_o the_o time_n that_o solomon_n turn_v his_o heart_n from_o the_o lord_n as_o funccius_n codomannus_n and_o some_o other_o extend_v its_o period_n till_o the_o 23d_o year_n of_o nabuchadnezzar_n or_o the_o 5_o after_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o temple_n but_o they_o neglect_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o ezechiel_n in_o this_o passage_n speak_v particular_o of_o the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o house_n of_o israel_n separately_z from_o that_o of_o judah_n §_o 2._o it_o be_v express_o say_v that_o 1._o that_o 1_o reg._n 6._o v._n 1._o solomon_n begin_v how_o long_o after_o the_o build_n of_o the_o temple_n this_o epocha_n begin_v begin_v to_o build_v the_o temple_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o it_o be_v likewise_o evident_a that_o he_o reign_v in_o all_o 40_o year_n it_o must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v that_o the_o first_o year_n of_o jeroboam_n who_o at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o rehoboam_n immediate_o succeed_v solomon_n be_v the_o 37th_o year_n after_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o building_n of_o the_o temple_n and_o consequent_o the_o 2734th_o year_n of_o the_o julian_n period_n chap._n xv._o of_o the_o end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o sardanapalus_n and_o the_o epocha_n of_o the_o median_a empire_n 1._o sardanapalus_n be_v the_o last_o and_o according_a to_o diodorus_n siculus_n the_o five_o and_o thirty_o assyrian_a monarch_n of_o the_o same_o family_n with_o ninus_n descend_v in_o a_o direct_a line_n and_o uninterrupted_a succession_n from_o father_n to_o son_n of_o which_o see_v velleius_n paterculus_n 2._o this_o sardanapalus_n be_v besiege_v in_o the_o city_n of_o ninive_n by_o arbaces_n be_v in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o the_o siege_n force_v to_o burn_v himself_o diodorus_n siculus_n 4â—_n siculus_n 1_o reg._n 11._o v._o 4â—_n 3._o this_o disaster_n happen_v in_o the_o 20_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n 4._o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o assyrian_a monarchy_n till_o the_o fatal_a end_n of_o sardanapalus_n be_v compute_v 1300_o year_n as_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v before_o in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o epocha_n of_o the_o assyrian_a monarchy_n 5._o arbaces_n be_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o the_o monarchy_n of_o the_o mede_n and_o according_a to_o ctesias_n diodorus_n and_o eusebius_n reign_v 18_o year_n who_o 6._o give_v the_o follow_a account_n of_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o king_n of_o media_n  _fw-fr year_n 1._o arbaces_n reign_v 18_o 2._o mandauce_n 50_o 3._o sosarmus_fw-la 30_o 4._o artycas_n 50_o 5._o arbianes_n otherwise_o cardiaceas_fw-la 22_o 6._o arsaees_n otherwise_o dejoces_fw-la 40_o 7._o artyne_n otherwise_o phraortes_n 22_o 8._o astibaras_n otherwise_o cyaxares_n 40_o 9_o apandas_n otherwise_o astyages_n 35_o 7._o the_o period_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o mede_n be_v to_o be_v fix_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o the_o epocha_n of_o cyrus_n the_o founder_n of_o the_o persian_a monarchy_n about_o the_o year_n 4155_o of_o the_o julian_n period_n after_o it_o have_v flourish_v 317_o year_n 8._o cyaxares_n the_o last_o king_n but_o one_o of_o the_o mede_n begin_v his_o reign_n in_o the_o 2_o do_v year_n of_o the_o 37th_o olympiad_n according_a to_o chron._n to_o in_o chron._n euseb_n and_o reign_v 40_o year_n see_v ctes_n and_o herodot_n 9_o under_o the_o reign_n of_o cyaxares_n the_o last_o king_n but_o one_o or_o the_o reign_n of_o astyages_n the_o last_o king_n of_o media_n there_o happen_v a_o very_a remarkable_a eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o which_o 1._o which_o lib._n 1._o herodotus_n speak_v of_o cyaxares_n this_o be_v he_o who_o be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n with_o the_o lydian_n when_o they_o be_v in_o the_o very_a heat_n of_o battle_n the_o day_n turn_v into_o night_n stromat_n night_n lib._n 1._o stromat_n clemens_n alexandrinus_n make_v also_o mention_v of_o the_o same_o eclipse_n eudemus_n say_v he_o in_o his_o astrological_a history_n affirm_v that_o thales_n do_v foretell_v that_o great_a eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o happen_v at_o the_o time_n when_o the_o mede_n and_o lydian_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o bloody_a battle_n under_o the_o reign_v of_o astyages_n the_o son_n of_o cyaxares_n over_o media_n and_o of_o alyattes_n the_o father_n of_o croesus_n over_o lydia_n from_o whence_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o the_o disaster_n of_o sardanapalus_n happen_v about_o the_o year_n 3839_o of_o the_o julian_n period_n which_o be_v also_o the_o first_o of_o the_o reign_n of_o arbaces_n that_o he_o be_v succeed_v by_o mandauce_n in_o the_o year_n 3866_o of_o the_o julian_n period_n that_o about_o the_o year_n 3916_o of_o the_o julian_n period_n sosarmus_n begin_v his_o reign_n who_o successor_n in_o the_o year_n 3946_o be_v artycas_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 3997_o be_v succeed_v by_o cardiaceas_fw-la that_o after_o he_o in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o julian_n period_n 4019_o dejoces_n begin_v his_o reign_n in_o the_o year_n 4058_o phraortes_n in_o the_o year_n 4081_o cyaxares_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 4121_o astyages_n and_o that_o last_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o mede_n end_v with_o astyages_n in_o the_o year_n 4155_o of_o the_o julian_n period_n now_o therefore_o by_o subtract_v the_o several_a abovementioned_a number_n of_o year_n of_o these_o king_n from_o any_o certain_a year_n of_o the_o julian_n period_n the_o true_a time_n of_o each_o of_o they_o since_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o reign_n may_v be_v investigate_v as_o may_v sufficient_o be_v see_v out_o of_o the_o forego_n example_n §_o 1._o svidas_n and_o some_o other_o have_v endeavour_v to_o sardanapalus_n the_o etymology_n of_o sardanapalus_n deduce_v the_o etymology_n of_o sardanapalus_n from_o the_o greek_n but_o in_o my_o opinion_n reinerus_n reineccius_n and_o many_o more_o have_v with_o more_o reason_n seek_v for_o its_o original_a among_o the_o assyrian_n to_o wit_n from_o sar_n dan_n and_o niphil_n which_o three_o word_n signify_v great_a lord_n and_o conqueror_n which_o title_n they_o say_v he_o assume_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o attila_n call_v himself_o the_o scourge_n of_o god_n and_o mahomet_n the_o turkish_a emperor_n assume_v the_o title_n of_o terror_n of_o the_o world_n §_o 2._o the_o effeminacy_n of_o sardanapalus_n prove_v empire_n the_o occasion_n â—â—â—he_v revolution_n in_o the_o assyrian_a empire_n the_o occasion_n of_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o assyrian_a monarchy_n for_o arbaces_n governor_n of_o media_n be_v admit_v into_o his_o presence_n as_o he_o be_v sit_v among_o his_o concubine_n in_o woman_n apparel_n handle_v his_o needle_n like_o the_o rest_n take_v a_o resolution_n from_o that_o time_n to_o withdraw_v himself_o from_o under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o so_o effeminate_a a_o prince_n and_o be_v encourage_v afterward_o by_o the_o hope_n of_o success_n by_o a_o egyptian_a priest_n famous_a for_o his_o skill_n in_o astrology_n he_o put_v his_o design_n in_o execution_n and_o in_o a_o bloody_a war_n at_o last_o vanquish_v this_o monarch_n and_o become_v master_n of_o the_o empire_n §_o 3._o histor_n 3._o bibl._n histor_n schotanus_fw-la be_v of_o opinion_n that_o sardapalus_fw-la asser-haddon_n sardanapalus_n be_v not_o the_o same_o name_n with_o asser-haddon_n be_v the_o same_o with_o asser-haddon_n who_o be_v mention_v 2_o reg._n 19_o v._n 37._o
time_n of_o this_o city_n the_o end_n of_o the_o 70_o week_n be_v to_o be_v fix_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o city_n epocha_n will_v have_v this_o interval_n of_o the_o 70_o week_n finish_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o last_o destruction_n of_o jerusalem_n for_o which_o they_o allege_v the_o word_n of_o the_o 26._o the_o daniel_n 9_o for_o 26._o angel_n and_o after_o threescore_o and_o two_o week_n shall_v the_o messiah_n be_v cut_v off_o so_o that_o according_a to_o their_o opinion_n these_o threescore_o and_o two_o week_n be_v to_o be_v add_v to_o the_o seven_o week_n mention_v before_o by_o the_o angel_n which_o together_o make_v up_o 59_o week_n till_o the_o final_a period_n of_o this_o epocha_n but_o as_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o say_v something_o more_o about_o the_o division_n of_o this_o epocha_n in_o 7_o and_o 62_o so_o we_o grant_v without_o the_o least_o contradiction_n that_o the_o birth_n and_o passion_n of_o the_o messiah_n happen_v in_o this_o interval_n of_o the_o 70_o week_n but_o can_v see_v that_o the_o least_o consequence_n can_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o word_n of_o the_o angel_n to_o make_v the_o final_a period_n of_o this_o epocha_n coincident_a with_o the_o time_n of_o the_o passion_n of_o christ_n for_o the_o very_a inscription_n of_o this_o interval_n express_v clear_o the_o mean_v of_o the_o 24._o the_o dan_n 9_o v._o 24._o angel_n which_o be_v the_o rebuilding_n and_o destruction_n of_o the_o holy_a city_n seventy_o week_n be_v determine_v upon_o thy_o people_n and_o upon_o thy_o holy_a city_n and_o it_o will_v be_v very_o hard_a to_o suppose_v that_o the_o angel_n shall_v recede_v in_o his_o subsequent_a narration_n from_o what_o he_o have_v intimate_v before_o in_o his_o introduction_n certain_o the_o relation_n of_o a_o historian_n will_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o very_o incomplete_a who_o have_v promise_v in_o his_o preface_n to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o matter_n till_o the_o last_o destruction_n of_o jerusalem_n shall_v break_v off_o the_o thread_n of_o his_o history_n 40_o year_n before_o the_o say_a destruction_n happen_v beside_o if_o we_o look_v upon_o the_o 26_o and_o 27_o verse_n of_o the_o 9th_o chapter_n of_o daniel_n it_o will_v be_v obvious_a that_o the_o end_n of_o these_o 70_o week_n be_v describe_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o have_v a_o most_o particular_a relation_n to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o city_n by_o the_o roman_n the_o forerunner_n of_o which_o be_v the_o abomination_n of_o desolation_n cite_v by_o 14._o by_o mat._n 25._o v._n 15._o mark_n 13._o v._n 14._o christ_n out_o of_o daniel_n and_o who_o can_v be_v a_o more_o excellent_a interpreter_n of_o the_o angelical_a prediction_n than_o christ_n himself_o §_o 17._o have_v say_v enough_o concern_v our_o hypothesis_n 62._o concern_v the_o division_n of_o the_o 70_o week_n intoâ—â—_n â—â—_z and_o 62._o of_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n of_o this_o interval_n we_o must_v add_v something_o also_o concern_v the_o division_n of_o it_o these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o temp._n of_o l._n 6._o the_o emend_v temp._n scaliger_n in_o this_o division_n some_o look_n for_o a_o mystery_n other_o divide_v they_o into_o several_a interval_n so_o as_o to_o begin_v the_o first_o interval_n of_o 7_o week_n with_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o edict_n of_o darius_n the_o second_o from_o thence_o of_o 62_o week_n unto_o which_o they_o add_v one_o at_o last_o i_o be_o against_o both_o for_o i_o see_v no_o more_o mystery_n in_o the_o division_n of_o this_o interval_n of_o 70_o week_n than_o in_o the_o division_n of_o the_o shekel_n in_o ezekiel_n etc._n etc._n which_o opinion_n be_v likewise_o embrace_v by_o hebd_a by_o orat._n the_o 70_o hebd_a calixtus_n though_o we_o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n agree_v with_o scaliger_n as_o to_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n of_o this_o epocha_n yet_o we_o can_v but_o blame_v his_o presumption_n in_o make_v so_o little_a account_n of_o the_o division_n of_o this_o interval_n make_v by_o the_o angel_n himself_o and_o i_o be_o persuade_v that_o there_o be_v few_o who_o will_v imagine_v that_o this_o exact_a division_n of_o the_o 70_o week_n in_o so_o solemn_a a_o prophecy_n as_o this_o can_v be_v accidental_a and_o of_o no_o moment_n see_v 5â—_n see_v lib._n 3._o can_v 5â—_n clas_n philol._n sacr._n and_o concern_v the_o passage_n in_o ezekiel_n with_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o argument_n of_o scaliger_n consult_v 16._o consult_v disp_n 10._o thes_n 16._o francius_n in_o schol._n sacrif_n §_o 18._o scaliger_n as_o he_o make_v the_o beginning_n of_o beginning_n whether_o the_o 20_o and_o 12_o week_n have_v a_o different_a beginning_n the_o 70_o week_n coincident_a with_o the_o 2d_o year_n of_o darius_n nothus_fw-la and_o its_o end_n with_o the_o last_o destruction_n of_o the_o city_n of_o jerusalem_n so_o he_o finish_v the_o 62_o week_n with_o the_o passion_n of_o christ_n and_o fix_v their_o beginning_n in_o the_o 5_o year_n of_o artax_n memor_n with_o who_o agree_v in_o this_o opinion_n tremellius_n junius_n and_o several_a other_o modern_a author_n as_o there_o be_v not_o want_v on_o the_o other_o hand_n some_o who_o allege_v that_o if_o the_o 70_o and_o 62_o week_n have_v a_o different_a beginning_n the_o word_n commandment_n or_o edict_n mention_v by_o the_o angel_n shall_v have_v be_v express_v in_o the_o plural_a number_n those_o who_o can_v agree_v with_o the_o opinion_n of_o scaliger_n i_o will_v advise_v to_o fix_v the_o beginning_n of_o these_o 62_o week_n in_o the_o 2d_o year_n of_o darius_n nothus_fw-la and_o to_o include_v in_o that_o interval_n the_o 7_o week_n allot_v for_o the_o rebuilding_n of_o the_o street_n and_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n but_o lest_o we_o shall_v exceed_v the_o bound_n of_o a_o epitome_n we_o will_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n leave_v the_o determination_n of_o the_o matter_n to_o every_o one_o be_v own_o judgement_n chap._n xxx_o of_o the_o epocha_n of_o the_o grecian_a empire_n in_o asia_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o epocha_n after_o the_o last_o battle_n fight_v betwixt_o alexander_n the_o great_a and_o darius_n codomannus_n and_o of_o the_o period_n of_o calippus_n 1._o the_o origin_n of_o the_o grecian_a empire_n in_o asia_n must_v be_v trace_v to_o that_o time_n when_o alexander_n the_o great_a be_v declare_v imperator_n over_o all_o greece_n who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o same_o year_n that_o eveneto_o be_v archon_n at_o athens_n and_o l._n furius_n and_o c._n menius_n be_v consul_n at_o rome_n 2._o darius_n codomannus_n begin_v his_o reign_n over_o persia_n much_o about_o the_o same_o time_n that_o alexander_n succeed_v his_o father_n philip_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o macedonia_n 3._o just_o before_o the_o grecian_a expedition_n against_o asia_n the_o theban_n be_v vanquish_v at_o which_o time_n alexander_n pursuant_n to_o the_o resolution_n take_v in_o the_o council_n do_v total_o destroy_v the_o city_n of_o thebes_n and_o thereby_o put_v all_o the_o other_o grecian_a commonwealth_n that_o be_v much_o incline_v to_o revolt_v under_o a_o great_a consternation_n 4._o in_o the_o same_o year_n that_o ctesicles_n be_v archon_n at_o athens_n and_o caius_n sulpicius_n and_o lucius_n papyrius_n roman_a consul_n alexander_n march_v at_o the_o head_n of_o his_o army_n to_o the_o hellespont_n from_o whence_o have_v transport_v his_o force_n out_o of_o europe_n into_o asia_n he_o fight_v the_o battle_n of_o granicum_fw-la 5._o in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o the_o asiatic_a war_n when_o the_o battle_n near_o issus_n be_v fight_v nicocratus_n be_v archon_n at_o athens_n and_o caesus_fw-la duilius_n and_o l._n papyrius_n consul_n of_o rome_n 6._o in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o this_o asiatic_a war_n of_o the_o greek_n nicocratus_n be_v archon_n among_o the_o athenian_n and_o m._n attilius_n and_o m._n valesius_fw-la consul_n of_o rome_n 7._o in_o the_o same_o three_o year_n and_o in_o the_o second_o before_o the_o battle_n of_o gaugamela_n be_v the_o 114th_o olympiad_n celebrate_v where_o grylus_n of_o chalcedon_n carry_v the_o day_n and_o in_o the_o same_o year_n tyrus_n be_v likewise_o take_v by_o alexander_n 8._o in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o this_o asiatic_a war_n when_o darius_n be_v vanquish_v at_o gaugamela_n aristophanes_n be_v archon_n of_o athens_n and_o sp._n posthumius_fw-la and_o t._n veturius_n roman_a consul_n 9_o in_o the_o same_o year_n that_o the_o battle_n of_o gaugamela_n be_v fight_v alexander_n after_o his_o return_n from_o the_o temple_n of_o jupiter_n hammonius_n found_v the_o city_n of_o alexandria_n for_o these_o character_n we_o be_v oblige_v to_o 17._o to_o lib._n 17._o diodorus_n siculus_n which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n approve_v by_o other_o historian_n 10._o alexander_n after_o the_o victory_n obtain_v over_o darius_n near_o gaugamela_n make_v himself_o
§_o 4._o scaliger_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o this_o xerxes_n ahasuerus_n whether_o xerxes_n be_v the_o same_o with_o ahasuerus_n who_o by_o his_o unfortunate_a expedition_n into_o greece_n have_v give_v the_o name_n to_o this_o epocha_n be_v the_o same_o with_o ahasuerus_n who_o be_v mention_v to_o have_v espouse_v esther_n in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o some_o objection_n may_v be_v make_v against_o this_o assertion_n but_o thus_o much_o be_v certain_a on_o the_o other_o hand_n that_o it_o be_v not_o destitute_a of_o a_o great_a probability_n for_o not_o to_o insist_v upon_o the_o affinity_n of_o the_o word_n oxyare_n which_o be_v the_o name_n of_o xerxes_n before_o he_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n the_o great_a character_n give_v of_o the_o power_n of_o ahasuerus_n be_v most_o suitable_a to_o xerxes_n for_o though_o the_o persian_a monarch_n both_o before_o and_o after_o the_o reign_n of_o xerxes_n be_v master_n of_o many_o great_a province_n yet_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o of_o they_o since_o xerxes_n who_o can_v boast_v that_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o empire_n extend_v from_o the_o indies_n to_o aethiopia_n and_o that_o none_o of_o the_o predecessor_n of_o xerxes_n can_v pretend_v to_o that_o glory_n seem_v to_o be_v manifest_a out_o of_o the_o oration_n of_o mardonius_n the_o general_n of_o xerxes_n who_o word_n speak_v to_o the_o soldiery_n be_v thus_o relate_v by_o herodotus_n it_o will_v be_v very_o unbecoming_a to_o we_o who_o have_v conquer_v the_o saca_n indian_n aethiopian_n and_o assyrian_n out_o of_o no_o other_o motive_n than_o the_o desire_n of_o extend_v our_o conquest_n shall_v let_v the_o greek_n who_o have_v be_v the_o first_o aggressor_n go_v off_o unrevenged_a and_o if_o we_o inspect_v the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o persian_a king_n as_o mention_v by_o esdra_n and_o how_o congruous_a it_o be_v to_o our_o opinion_n i_o can_v but_o wonder_v how_o the_o same_o shall_v have_v be_v so_o little_o regard_v by_o those_o who_o elsewhere_o appear_v so_o zealous_a in_o maintain_v their_o opinion_n out_o of_o the_o scripture_n against_o the_o chronologer_n those_o who_o will_v have_v ahasuerus_n to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o artaxerxes_n longimanus_fw-la be_v very_o well_o censure_v by_o christianus_n adamus_n ruperti_fw-la such_o say_v he_o as_o make_v artaxerxes_n longimanus_fw-la the_o spouse_n of_o esther_n have_v not_o right_o compare_v the_o holy_a scripture_n with_o the_o ancient_a monument_n of_o profane_a history_n unless_o we_o be_v conclude_v he_o quite_o unacquainted_a with_o the_o book_n of_o esther_n and_o esdra_n we_o must_v confess_v that_o ahasuerus_n be_v the_o same_o with_o xerxes_n for_o he_o be_v express_o put_v before_o artaxerxes_n i._o and_o darius_n nothus_fw-la chap._n xxviii_o of_o the_o epocha_n of_o the_o peloponnesian_a war_n 1._o thucydides_n 2._o thucydides_n lib._n 2._o in_o his_o commentary_n of_o this_o most_o famous_a war_n lay_v down_o the_o character_n of_o this_o epocha_n among_o which_o be_v two_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o one_o of_o the_o moon_n the_o first_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n he_o make_v coincident_a with_o the_o summer_n of_o the_o same_o year_n when_o the_o peloponnesian_a war_n begin_v plutarch_n pericl_n plutarch_n in_o vit_fw-mi pericl_n and_o valerius_n maximus_n make_v likewise_o mention_v of_o this_o eclipse_n 2._o the_o 2_o d_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n thucydides_n 4._o thucydides_n l._n 4._o make_v coincident_a with_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o 8_o year_n of_o the_o peloponnesian_n war._n 3._o the_o 3_o d_o eclipse_n be_v in_o the_o moon_n thucydides_n 2._o thucydides_n l._n 2._o make_v coincident_a with_o the_o 19_o year_n of_o the_o peloponnesian_a war_n 2._o war_n l._n 2._o 4_o accord_n to_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o same_o author_n the_o peloponnesian_a war_n begin_v in_o the_o same_o year_n that_o pythodorus_n be_v archon_n at_o athens_n and_o aenesias_n ephorus_n of_o sparta_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o first_o after_o two_o month_n from_o the_o beginning_n of_o this_o war_n be_v succeed_v by_o euthydemus_n as_o the_o last_o be_v by_o brasidas_n so_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o annual_a government_n be_v coincident_a with_o the_o first_o year_n of_o this_o epocha_n its_o origen_n be_v common_o deduce_v from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o magistracy_n of_o these_o two_o last_o 5._o the_o first_o year_n of_o the_o 86th_o olympiad_n when_o lysimachus_n be_v archon_n at_o athens_n and_o isocrates_n be_v bear_v be_v the_o five_o year_n before_o the_o peloponnesian_a war_n according_a to_o dionysius_n plutarch_n and_o laërtius_n 6._o the_o 18_o year_n of_o the_o peloponnesian_a war_n be_v coincident_a with_o the_o same_o olympiad_n when_o crocinus_n of_o thessalia_n win_v the_o race_n and_o when_o eudius_n or_o eudicus_n be_v ephorus_n at_o sparta_n and_o pythodorus_n archon_n at_o athens_n and_o in_o the_o same_o year_n happen_v the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o by_o the_o astronomical_a calculation_n have_v be_v find_v to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o julian_n period_n 4310_o on_o the_o three_o day_n of_o september_n according_a to_o graec._n to_o l._n 2_o rer._n graec._n xenophon_n 7._o the_o peloponnesian_a war_n begin_v with_o the_o spring_n according_a to_o thucydides_n l._n 2._o from_o these_o and_o other_o character_n too_o many_o to_o be_v insert_v here_o we_o conclude_v that_o the_o peloponnesian_a war_n begin_v in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o julian_n period_n 4283_o in_o the_o spring_n cycle_n ☉_o 27._o ☽_o 8._o if_o therefore_o from_o any_o certain_a year_n of_o the_o julian_n epocha_n to_o find_v out_o the_o year_n since_o the_o beginning_n of_o this_o epocha_n period_n be_v subtract_v 4282_o year_n and_o 3_o month_n the_o residue_n show_v the_o year_n since_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o peloponnesian_a war_n and_o if_o the_o same_o sum_n be_v add_v to_o the_o say_a year_n of_o this_o epocha_n the_o product_n must_v be_v correspondent_a to_o the_o year_n of_o the_o julian_n period_n §_o 1._o it_o be_v very_o well_o worth_a observation_n what_o war._n the_o occasion_n of_o the_o peloponnesian_n war._n 12._o war._n bibl._n l._n 12._o diodorus_n siculus_n and_o 3._o and_o l._n 3._o c._n 3._o valerius_n maximus_n relate_v concern_v the_o occasion_n of_o this_o war._n for_o pericles_n a_o man_n of_o great_a authority_n among_o the_o athenian_n have_v convert_v a_o vast_a sum_n of_o money_n which_o be_v give_v by_o the_o athenian_n to_o rebuild_v the_o castle_n of_o athens_n to_o his_o own_o use_n and_o find_v himself_o not_o in_o a_o capacity_n to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o it_o to_o his_o fellow-citizen_n appear_v one_o day_n very_o melancholy_a at_o home_n alcibiades_n be_v then_o but_o a_o youth_n perceive_v he_o to_o be_v more_o than_o ordinary_a pensive_a ask_v he_o what_o make_v he_o look_v so_o much_o concern_v unto_o which_o pericles_n answer_v because_o he_o do_v not_o know_v how_o to_o make_v up_o his_o account_n alcibiades_z reply_v than_o you_o have_v nothing_o else_o to_o do_v but_o to_o find_v out_o a_o way_n not_o to_o be_v accountable_a at_o all_o pericles_z taking_z the_o hint_n from_o that_o day_n find_v mean_n to_o persuade_v the_o athenian_n to_o begin_v this_o war_n imagine_v that_o thereby_o they_o will_v be_v prevent_v from_o call_v he_o to_o a_o account_n §_o 2._o and_o though_o this_o war_n be_v common_o call_v the_o war._n who_o be_v concern_v on_o both_o side_n in_o this_o war._n peloponnesian_a war_n yet_o be_v not_o the_o peloponnesian_n and_o athenian_n alone_o concern_v in_o it_o but_o all_o greece_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o peloponnesian_n be_v the_o lacedaemonian_n who_o general_n be_v archidamus_n the_o megarian_o locrian_o phocenses_fw-la ambrecioti_fw-la lucadians_n the_o boeotian_o corinthian_n and_o syconians_n the_o athenian_n have_v for_o their_o confederate_n the_o chii_n lesbii_n the_o plataeense_n messenii_fw-la caria_n acarnane_n corcyrei_n jacynthii_n cyclades_n beside_o those_o of_o jonia_n hellespont_n and_o thracia_n who_o be_v tributary_n to_o the_o athenian_n see_v pausanias_n lacon_n pausanias_n in_o lacon_n warâ—asted_v how_o long_o the_o peloponnesian_n warâ—asted_v §_o 3._o graec._n 3._o ad_fw-la reb._n graec._n xenophon_n allot_v 28_o year_n and_o 6_o month_n for_o the_o peloponnesian_a war_n but_o dionysius_n petavius_n have_v very_o well_o observe_v that_o xenophon_n have_v make_v a_o addition_n of_o one_o year_n there_o be_v no_o more_o than_o 27_o year_n and_o 6_o month_n to_o be_v account_v from_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o 4283d_o year_n of_o the_o julian_n period_n when_o this_o war_n begin_v till_o the_o autumn_n of_o the_o 4310th_o year_n of_o the_o julian_n period_n when_o it_o be_v end_v and_o be_v render_v remarkable_a by_o a_o notable_a eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n both_o the_o beginning_n and_o the_o end_n of_o this_o war_n be_v illustrious_a by_o two_o eclipse_n of_o the_o same_o in_o the_o
master_n of_o asia_n in_o the_o 5_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n according_a to_o 14._o to_o lib._n 11._o ver_n 14._o justin_n 11._o the_o same_o year_n be_v the_o 5_o year_n of_o darius_n at_o its_o beginning_n ptolemy_n allow_v but_o four_o year_n for_o the_o reign_n of_o darius_n 12._o eleven_o day_n before_o this_o last_o battle_n fight_v betwixt_o darius_n and_o alexander_n there_o happen_v a_o very_a remarkable_a eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n according_a to_o alexand._n to_o vit._n alexand._n plutarch_n 13._o the_o same_o eclipse_n have_v be_v observe_v according_a to_o plutarch_n in_o the_o month_n of_o boâ—dromion_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o summer_n or_o the_o antumnal_a aequinox_n at_o which_o time_n the_o greek_n use_v to_o celebrate_v the_o eleusinia_n dedicate_v to_o ceres_n of_o which_o far._n which_o in_o herc._n far._n l._n an._n seneca_n have_v the_o follow_a word_n quantâ_fw-la cum_fw-la longae_fw-la redit_fw-la hora_fw-la noctis_fw-la crescere_fw-la &_o somnos_fw-la cupiens_fw-la quietos_fw-la libra_n phoebeos_fw-la tenet_fw-la aequa_fw-la currus_fw-la turba_n secretam_fw-la cererem_fw-la frequentat_fw-la et_fw-la citi_fw-la tectis_fw-la properant_fw-la relictis_fw-la attici_fw-la noctem_fw-la celebrare_fw-la mystae_fw-la tanta_fw-la per_fw-la campos_fw-la agitur_fw-la silentes_fw-la turba_n etc._n etc._n this_o eclipse_n happen_v in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o julian_n period_n 4383_o on_o the_o 20_o day_n of_o september_n 4_o little_a before_o midnight_n the_o whole_a obscuration_n be_v of_o 14_o inch_n of_o which_o eclipse_n 70._o eclipse_n l._n 2._o c._n 70._o pliny_n likewise_o make_v mention_n 14._o the_o next_o follow_v summer_n after_o the_o victory_n obtain_v by_o alexander_n near_o gaugamela_n calippus_n cyzicenus_n begin_v a_o new_a period_n of_o 76_o year_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o four_o observation_n of_o timocharis_n upon_o the_o year_n 36_o 37_o 47_o and_o 48_o mention_v by_o 3._o by_o l._n 7._o c._n 3._o ptolemy_n 15._o in_o the_o same_o year_n that_o calippus_n begin_v this_o new_a period_n darius_n whilst_o he_o be_v gather_v recruit_n in_o bactria_n and_o the_o circumjacent_a province_n be_v make_v prisoner_n by_o bessus_n his_o own_o lieutenant_n over_o the_o province_n of_o bactria_n who_o have_v fetter_v he_o with_o golden_a fetter_n at_o last_o murder_v he_o when_o aristophanes_n be_v archon_n at_o athens_n and_o cn._n domitius_n and_o au._n cornelius_n roman_n consul_n in_o this_o all_o the_o ancient_a historian_n do_v agree_v but_o especial_o cit._n especial_o loc._n cit._n diodor._n sicul._n from_o these_o character_n we_o conclude_v that_o the_o battle_n of_o gaugamela_n be_v fight_v in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o julian_n period_n 4383_o cycl_n ☉_o 15._o ☽_o 13._o on_o the_o first_o day_n of_o october_n and_o that_o the_o period_n of_o calippus_n begin_v with_o the_o summer_n of_o the_o 4384th_o year_n of_o the_o julian_n period_n cycl_n ☉_o 16._o ☽_o 14._o and_o that_o dar._n codoman_n the_o last_o monarch_n of_o persia_n be_v slay_v in_o the_o same_o year_n if_o therefore_o from_o any_o certain_a year_n of_o the_o julian_n epic_a to_o find_v out_o the_o year_n since_o the_o beginning_n of_o these_o epic_a period_n be_v subtract_v 4382_o year_n and_o 9_o month_n the_o residue_n show_v the_o year_n since_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o grecian_a empire_n in_o asia_n or_o since_o the_o battle_n fight_v near_o gaugamela_n and_o if_o 4383_o year_n and_o six_o month_n be_v subtract_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o residue_n be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o year_n since_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o period_n of_o calippus_n or_o the_o death_n of_o dar._n codomannus_n but_o if_o to_o these_o year_n of_o these_o epocha_n be_v add_v the_o before_o mention_v number_n of_o year_n the_o several_a product_n will_v be_v correspondent_a to_o the_o several_a year_n of_o the_o julian_n period_n §_o 1._o pers_n 1._o l._n 2._o hist_o sacr._n pers_n petrus_n bizarrus_n have_v make_v a_o very_a large_a revolution_n the_o occasion_n of_o this_o afratic_a war_n and_o of_o the_o ensue_a revolution_n collection_n of_o the_o motive_n which_o induce_v alexander_n the_o great_a to_o engage_v in_o a_o war_n against_o darius_n codomannus_n the_o remembrance_n of_o the_o past_a injury_n and_o trouble_n the_o greek_n have_v receive_v from_o the_o hand_n of_o darius_n hydaspis_n and_o xerxes_n the_o private_a quarrel_n with_o the_o family_n of_o alexander_n who_o have_v not_o only_o be_v contumelious_o treat_v by_o the_o ambassador_n of_o darius_n and_o in_o his_o letter_n in_o which_o he_o call_v himself_o the_o king_n of_o king_n and_o alexander_n his_o servant_n but_o also_o his_o father_n death_n upon_o who_o head_n darius_n have_v set_v a_o vast_a sum_n of_o money_n and_o have_v do_v the_o like_a to_o alexander_n himself_o but_o the_o chief_a motive_n be_v his_o immensurable_a ambition_n to_o build_v his_o future_a greatness_n upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o profess_a enemy_n of_o his_o country_n as_o may_v be_v conjecture_v from_o that_o epistle_n write_v by_o alexander_n in_o answer_n to_o the_o letter_n of_o darius_n mention_v by_o 17._o by_o l._n 17._o diodorus_n siculus_n §_o 2._o the_o battle_n which_o decide_v the_o fate_n of_o the_o asiatic_a empire_n betwixt_o the_o persian_n and_o fight_v in_o what_o place_n this_o battle_n be_v fight_v greek_n and_o from_o whence_o begin_v this_o epocha_n be_v common_o call_v the_o battle_n of_o arbela_n whilst_o other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v fight_v near_o gaugamela_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v very_o strange_a how_o the_o historian_n can_v confound_v these_o two_o place_n which_o lie_v at_o about_o 600_o stadia_fw-la from_o one_o another_o of_o which_o i_o can_v give_v no_o better_a account_n than_o to_o allege_v the_o word_n of_o caus_n of_o lib._n 16._o georg._n p._n 507._o ad_fw-la caus_n strabo_n arbela_n say_v he_o be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o babylon_n and_o situate_v not_o far_o from_o it_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n lycus_n in_o the_o plain_n of_o aturia_n be_v the_o city_n of_o ninus_n in_o the_o province_n of_o aturia_n be_v likewise_o the_o village_n of_o gaugamela_n famous_a for_o the_o great_a victory_n obtain_v by_o alexander_n the_o great_a against_o darius_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o macedoman_o see_v gaugamela_n to_o be_v but_o a_o poor_a village_n and_o arbela_n a_o considerable_a place_n build_v as_o it_o be_v report_v by_o arbelus_n the_o son_n of_o athmoneus_n they_o disperse_v it_o abread_n that_o they_o have_v fight_v and_o obtain_v this_o signal_n victory_n near_o arbela_n which_o have_v misguide_v several_a historian_n into_o this_o error_n of_o which_o consult_v the_o note_n of_o freinshemius_n upon_o curtius_n §_o 3._o temp._n 3._o l._n 5._o de_fw-fr emend_n temp._n joseph_n scaliger_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o eclipse_n whether_o plutarch_n commit_v a_o error_n in_o his_o character_n of_o the_o lunar_a eclipse_n plutarch_n commit_v a_o error_n in_o the_o character_n of_o this_o lunar_a eclipse_n mention_v before_o but_o the_o matter_n due_o weigh_v this_o objection_n be_v make_v without_o sufficient_a reason_n against_o a_o historian_n of_o so_o extraordinary_a a_o reputation_n for_o he_o do_v not_o mention_v express_o any_o certain_a day_n of_o the_o month_n boâ—dromion_n but_o only_o the_o feast_n of_o eleusinia_n which_o be_v celebrate_v by_o the_o greek_n for_o several_a day_n together_o beside_o that_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o attic_a year_n as_o propose_v by_o scaliger_n and_o according_a to_o which_o he_o have_v correct_v plutarch_n be_v not_o sufficient_o establish_v and_o approve_v among_o we_o which_o be_v questionless_a the_o reason_n that_o calvisius_n who_o otherwise_o never_o fail_v to_o follow_v close_o the_o footstep_n of_o scaliger_n have_v not_o make_v the_o least_o animadversion_n upon_o this_o passage_n of_o ptolemy_n for_o which_o reason_n it_o be_v also_o our_o opinion_n that_o this_o character_n of_o so_o ancient_a a_o author_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v reject_v chap._n xxxi_o of_o the_o time_n of_o the_o death_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a and_o the_o epocha_n of_o the_o year_n of_o philip._n 1._o alexander_n the_o great_a live_v 32_o year_n and_o 3_o month_n which_o be_v to_o be_v compute_v from_o the_o first_o year_n of_o the_o 106th_o olympiad_n when_o philip_n the_o father_n of_o alexander_n receive_v the_o congratulation_n about_o the_o victory_n obtain_v by_o sarmenio_n over_o the_o illyrian_n according_a to_o 7._o to_o l._n 7._o arrian_n and_o alex._n and_o vit._n alex._n plutarch_n 2._o alexander_n reign_v 12_o year_n and_o 7_o or_o 8_o month_n according_a to_o eratosthenes_n in_o clement_n of_o alexandrina_n 17._o alexandrina_n l._n 17._o diodorus_n siculus_n arrian_n eusebius_n sulpitius_n severus_n and_o 1_o maccab._n c._n 1._o v._n 8._o 3._o after_o 7_o year_n be_v complete_v since_o the_o victory_n of_o alexander_n over_o darius_n alexander_n die_v near_o babylon_n 2._o babylon_n l._n 2._o sulp._n severus_n
et_fw-la nova_fw-la de_fw-fr gravido_fw-la palmite_fw-la gemma_fw-la tumet_fw-la etc._n etc._n after_o have_v say_v much_o more_o in_o praise_n of_o the_o spring_n the_o poet_n make_v this_o answer_n bruma_n novi_fw-la prima_fw-la est_fw-la veterisque_fw-la novissima_fw-la solis_fw-la principium_fw-la capiunt_fw-la phoebus_n &_o annus_fw-la idem_fw-la §_o 5._o the_o year_n which_o precede_v the_o first_o julian_n confusion_n of_o the_o year_n of_o confusion_n year_n be_v call_v the_o year_n of_o confusion_n because_o it_o consist_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o neglect_v of_o the_o intercalation_n of_o 15_o month_n or_o 445_o day_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o word_n of_o censorinus_n caesar_n say_v he_o when_o high-pontiff_a of_o rome_n in_o his_o three_o consulship_n and_o in_o the_o first_o of_o emil._n lepidus_n to_o correct_v what_o have_v be_v neglect_v before_o intercalate_v two_o month_n consist_v of_o 67_o day_n betwixt_o the_o month_n of_o november_n and_o december_n have_v already_o add_v 23_o day_n to_o the_o month_n of_o february_n and_o this_o make_v that_o year_n to_o consist_v of_o 445_o day_n and_o caes_n and_o vit._n caes_n suetonius_n represent_v the_o correction_n of_o caesar_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n from_o all_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o year_n of_o confusiâ—â—_n begin_v on_o the_o 14_o day_n of_o october_n in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o julian_n period_n 4667._o §_o 6._o though_o caesar_n have_v be_v very_o careful_a in_o appoint_v the_o exact_a time_n of_o intercalation_n yet_o tear_n the_o correction_n of_o the_o julian_n tear_n caesar_n have_v be_v slay_v in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o this_o epocha_n out_o of_o ignorance_n of_o those_o who_o have_v the_o management_n of_o the_o calendar_n these_o intercalation_n be_v make_v soon_o than_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v which_o induce_v octavius_n augustus_n to_o undertake_v the_o reformation_n of_o these_o julian_n year_n which_o be_v thus_o relate_v by_o macrobius_n the_o priest_n say_v he_o have_v give_v occasion_n to_o a_o new_a error_n by_o their_o intercalation_n for_o whereas_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v intercalate_v that_o day_n which_o be_v make_v up_o out_o of_o four_o time_n 6_o hour_n at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o each_o four_o year_n at_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o 5_o they_o do_v make_v this_o intercalation_n at_o the_o beginning_n of_o each_o four_o year_n this_o erroneous_a intercalation_n be_v continue_v for_o 36_o year_n together_o in_o which_o time_n 12_o day_n be_v intercalate_v instead_o of_o 9_o this_o mistake_n be_v likewise_o correct_v by_o augustus_n who_o order_v that_o the_o 12_o next_o follow_v year_n shall_v not_o be_v intercalate_v that_o these_o three_o day_n which_o by_o the_o over-hastiness_n of_o the_o priest_n be_v introduce_v may_v be_v swallow_v up_o thus_o in_o this_o interval_n afterward_o he_o order_v pursuant_n to_o caesar_n be_v intention_n that_o at_o the_o beginning_n of_o each_o 5_o year_n one_o day_n shall_v be_v intercalate_v and_o that_o this_o shall_v for_o a_o everlasting_a remembrance_n be_v cut_v in_o brass_n §_o 7._o it_o be_v undeniable_a that_o there_o be_v some_o mutation_n in_o the_o ingress_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o celestial_a correction_n whether_o the_o julian_n year_n need_v another_o correction_n point_n and_o that_o likewise_o the_o feast_n of_o easter_n have_v be_v misplace_v in_o the_o old_a calendar_n nevertheless_o i_o can_v see_v any_o sufficient_a reason_n which_o shall_v induce_v we_o to_o approve_v of_o the_o gregorian_a correction_n or_o any_o other_o but_o rather_o to_o retain_v the_o ancient_a form_n of_o the_o year_n as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o julius_n caesar_n and_o without_o cut_v off_o a_o day_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o precede_a equinox_n to_o investigate_v the_o plenilunium_fw-la paschale_n out_o of_o the_o most_o exact_a astronomical_a table_n and_o to_o â—ix_v the_o feast_n of_o easter_n on_o the_o first_o feria_n next_o ensue_v the_o say_v plenilunium_fw-la thus_o follow_v the_o footstep_n of_o both_o the_o emperor_n julius_n and_o constantine_n for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o first_o regulate_v the_o public_a and_o civil_a record_n according_a to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o which_o he_o follow_v the_o opinion_n of_o sosigenes_n and_o his_o solar_a year_n we_o have_v before_o we_o the_o example_n of_o many_o great_a mathematician_n and_o of_o ptolemy_n himself_o who_o do_v not_o reject_v the_o fasti_fw-la nabonassarei_n though_o in_o the_o same_o no_o account_n be_v make_v of_o the_o hour_n belong_v to_o the_o solar_a year_n and_o what_o shall_v move_v we_o to_o pretend_v to_o any_o new_a alteration_n in_o the_o julian_n calender_n which_o agree_v much_o more_o with_o the_o celestial_a motion_n for_o what_o detriment_n be_v it_o to_o the_o commonwealth_n if_o â—â—e_v equinox_n be_v fix_v now_o on_o the_o 9th_o or_o 10_o day_n of_o march_n which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o julius_n caesar_n use_v to_o fall_v out_o upon_o the_o 23d_o day_n of_o the_o same_o month_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n what_o a_o confusion_n will_v it_o be_v if_o by_o reject_v the_o julian_n year_n we_o shall_v be_v put_v under_o a_o necessity_n of_o render_v useless_a all_o the_o astronomical_a table_n and_o the_o julian_n period_n for_o which_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o johannes_n keplerus_n who_o be_v mathematician_n to_o three_o emperor_n when_o he_o compile_v his_o tabulas_fw-la rudolphinas_n do_v not_o follow_v the_o method_n of_o gregorius_n but_o retain_v the_o julian_n computation_n neither_o need_v we_o like_a gregorius_n be_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o many_o thousand_o pound_n to_o find_v out_o the_o paschal_n plenilunes_n the_o same_o be_v without_o great_a difficulty_n to_o be_v investigate_v out_o of_o the_o astronomical_a table_n where_o the_o equinox_n and_o plenilunes_n have_v their_o exact_a appoint_a time_n to_o be_v short_a as_o the_o church_n do_v not_o impair_v the_o civil_a power_n so_o the_o feast_n need_v not_o interfere_v with_o the_o imperial_a record_n especial_o at_o this_o time_n when_o we_o may_v make_v use_n of_o the_o word_n of_o the_o 17._o the_o col._n 2._o v._n 16_o 17._o apostle_n let_v no_o man_n judge_v you_o in_o respect_n of_o any_o holy_a day_n or_o the_o new_a moon_n or_o of_o the_o sabbath-day_n which_o be_v a_o shadow_n of_o thing_n to_o come_v chap._n xxxvi_o of_o the_o epocha_n of_o the_o time_n of_o herod_n and_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o foreign_a king_n over_o the_o jew_n 1._o herod_n who_o afterward_o be_v surname_v the_o great_a be_v by_o antipater_n declare_v prince_n of_o galilea_n when_o he_o be_v scarce_o 15_o year_n of_o age._n jud._n age._n l._n 14._o c._n 17._o antiq._n l._n 1._o c._n 8._o de_fw-fr bell._n jud._n josephus_n 2._o this_o be_v do_v after_o julius_n câ—â—â—r_n have_v put_v a_o happy_a period_n to_o the_o alexandrian_a war_n and_o have_v confer_v great_a honour_n upon_o antipater_n the_o father_n of_o herod_n ant._n herod_n l._n â—4_n c._n 15._o 17._o ant._n jos_n 3._o this_o same_o herod_n solicit_v for_o succour_n against_o the_o parthian_n be_v by_o anthony_n and_o augustus_n with_o consent_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n of_o rome_n declare_v king_n of_o judaea_n in_o the_o 184th_o olympiad_n when_o c._n domit._n calv._n the_o second_o time_n and_o c._n asin_n pollio_n be_v consul_n of_o rome_n who_o consulate_a be_v coincident_a with_o the_o year_n before_o christ_n 40_o according_a to_o the_o vulgar_a epocha_n see_v 26._o see_v l._n 19_o v._n 26._o jos_n 4._o the_o city_n of_o jerusalem_n be_v besiege_v and_o take_v by_o herod_n and_o sosius_n in_o the_o sabbatick_a year_n when_o m._n agrippa_n and_o canid._n gallus_n be_v consul_n at_o rome_n in_o the_o 185th_o olympiad_n in_o the_o three_o month_n on_o the_o day_n of_o their_o great_a and_o solemn_a fast_a on_o which_o day_n the_o say_a city_n be_v likewise_o take_v by_o pompey_n 27_o year_n before_o see_v ant._n see_v l._n 14._o c._n 18._o ant._n josephus_n these_o character_n show_v the_o take_n of_o this_o city_n to_o have_v be_v coincident_a with_o the_o 37th_o year_n before_o christ_n 5._o the_o battle_n betwixt_o anthony_n and_o augustus_n be_v fight_v near_o the_o promontory_n of_o actium_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n after_o herod_n have_v take_v the_o city_n of_o jerusalem_n according_a to_o josephus_n 17._o josephus_n l._n 15._o c._n 17._o which_o battle_n happen_v in_o the_o 31st_o year_n before_o christ_n and_o in_o the_o 15_o julian_n year_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v hereafter_o 6._o herod_n be_v confirm_v in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o have_v the_o crown_n which_o he_o have_v lay_v down_o of_o his_o own_o accord_n restore_v to_o he_o when_o augustus_n march_v into_o egypt_n which_o be_v in_o the_o 2_o do_v year_n after_o the_o battle_n of_o actium_n and_o the_o 30_o year_n before_o christ_n 7._o herod_n live_v but_o eight_o day_n josephus_n say_v
which_o time_n he_o be_v raise_v force_n for_o the_o service_n of_o anthony_n who_o have_v refuse_v to_o accept_v of_o they_o order_v he_o to_o employ_v they_o against_o the_o arabian_n see_v anâ—_n see_v lib._n 15._o c._n 6_o 7._o anâ—_n josephus_n 7._o the_o battle_n of_o actium_n be_v fight_v on_o the_o second_o day_n of_o september_n according_a to_o dio_n sub_fw-la initio_fw-la lib._n 1._o 8._o in_o the_o next_o follow_v year_n octau._n undertake_v the_o second_o expedition_n against_o anthony_n and_o cleopatra_n who_o then_o lay_v violent_a hand_n upon_o themselves_o this_o happen_v when_o octavius_n be_v the_o four_o time_n and_o m._n crassus_n consul_n of_o rome_n according_a to_o cit._n to_o loc._n cit._n dio_n and_o aurel._n cassiodorus_n 9_o cleopatra_n lay_v violent_a hand_n upon_o herself_o in_o the_o 22_o do_v year_n of_o her_o reign_n according_a to_o chron._n to_o in_o chron._n euseb_n success_n euseb_n regn._n success_n jornand_n and_o especial_o antoâ—iâ—_n especial_o vit._n antoâ—iâ—_n plutarch_n who_o say_v she_o be_v thirty_o nine_o year_n old_a when_o she_o die_v 10._o caesar_n reign_v in_o conjunction_n with_o anthony_n 12_o year_n and_o afterward_o 44_o year_n see_v suetonius_n cit._n suetonius_n loc._n cit._n 11._o according_a to_o chron._n to_o in_o chron._n euseb_n cleopatra_n lay_v violent_a hand_n upon_o herself_o in_o the_o 3_o d_o year_n of_o the_o 187th_o olympiad_n 12._o the_o actium_n or_o rather_o alexandrian_n epocha_n of_o the_o egyptian_n ought_v to_o be_v coincident_a with_o the_o that_fw-mi of_o nabonassar_n 769_o which_o be_v call_v the_o actium_n that_fw-mi see_v ptolemy_n 13._o the_o 42_o d_o year_n of_o augustus_n be_v the_o 28_o year_n since_o the_o conquest_n of_o egypt_n and_o the_o death_n of_o anthony_n and_o cleopatra_n the_o last_o of_o the_o royal_a race_n of_o the_o lagidae_n in_o egypt_n after_o they_o have_v reign_v 295_o year_n in_o the_o same_o year_n happen_v the_o nativity_n of_o our_o saviour_n see_v euseb_n eccles_n euseb_n chr._n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o hist_o eccles_n 14._o the_o 1014th_o year_n since_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o first_o olympiad_n and_o since_o the_o building_n of_o rome_n 991._o the_o 283_o d_o julian_n year_n be_v the_o 267th_o year_n since_o the_o conquest_n of_o alexandria_n see_v n._n see_v c._n 21._o de_fw-fr d._n n._n censorinus_n 15._o egypt_n be_v conquer_v by_o oct._n caesar_n in_o the_o month_n of_o august_n see_v sat._n see_v l._n 1._o c._n 12._o sat._n macrob._n 16._o likewise_o octavius_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o alexandria_n on_o the_o first_o day_n of_o august_n see_v orosius_n 19_o orosius_n l._n 6._o c._n 19_o 17._o on_o the_o same_o day_n that_o caesar_n take_v alexandria_n the_o rhaeti_fw-la be_v 15_o year_n after_o defeat_v by_o drusus_n his_o general_n see_v august_n see_v l._n 2._o rer._n august_n porphyrion_n which_o have_v be_v likewise_o express_v by_o horace_n in_o the_o follow_a verse_n nam_fw-la tibi_fw-la quo_fw-la die_v portus_n alexandraea_n supplex_fw-la et_fw-la vacuam_fw-la patefacit_fw-la aulam_fw-la fortuna_fw-la lustro_fw-la prospeâ—a_fw-la tertio_fw-la belli_n secundos_fw-la reddidit_fw-la exitus_fw-la laudemque_fw-la &_o optatum_fw-la peractis_fw-la imperiis_fw-la decus_fw-la arrogavit_fw-la from_o these_o character_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o battle_n near_o the_o promontory_n of_o actium_n be_v fight_v in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o julian_n period_n 4683_o cycl_n ☉_o 7._o ☽_o 9_o on_o the_o 2_o do_v day_n of_o september_n and_o that_o alexandria_n after_o the_o defection_n of_o anthony_n be_v fleet_n to_o caesar_n be_v take_v in_o the_o next_o follow_v year_n and_o that_o of_o the_o julian_n period_n 4684_o cycl_n ☉_o 8._o ☽_o 10._o on_o the_o first_o day_n of_o august_n and_o that_o in_o the_o same_o month_n cleopatra_n follow_v the_o example_n of_o anthony_n lay_v violent_a hand_n upon_o herself_o if_o therefore_o from_o any_o certain_a year_n of_o the_o julian_n aera_fw-la to_o investigate_v the_o year_n since_o the_o beginning_n of_o this_o aera_fw-la period_n give_v be_v subtract_v 4682_o year_n and_o 8_o month_n the_o residue_n show_v the_o year_n since_o the_o battle_n fight_v near_o actium_n and_o if_o 4683_o year_n and_o 7_o month_n be_v subtract_v in_o like_a manner_n the_o residue_n be_v correspondent_a to_o the_o year_n since_o the_o conquest_n of_o alexandria_n and_o egypt_n by_o octavius_n augustus_n §_o 1._o this_o epocha_n which_o be_v call_v the_o actium_n be_v take_v in_o a_o threefold_a sense_n among_o the_o ancient_a historian_n for_o some_o deduce_v aera_fw-la various_a computation_n of_o the_o actium_n aera_fw-la its_o origin_n from_o the_o battle_n of_o actium_n according_a to_o rom._n to_o l._n 51._o hist_o rom._n dio._n clemens_n alexandrinus_n and_o some_o other_o egyptian_a writer_n begin_v it_o in_o the_o next_o follow_v year_n from_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o city_n of_o alexandria_n since_o which_o time_n other_o have_v begin_v their_o computation_n from_o the_o time_n that_o the_o egyptian_n receive_v the_o julian_n year_n instead_o of_o the_o nabonassarean_a which_o be_v do_v in_o the_o seven_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o four_o nabonassarean_a year_n on_o the_o twenty_o nine_o of_o august_n chap._n thirty-nine_o of_o the_o epocha_n of_o the_o augustus_n 1._o both_o the_o year_n and_o name_n of_o the_o augustus_n owe_v it_o origin_n to_o that_o time_n when_o octau._n caesar_n be_v entitle_v with_o the_o name_n of_o augustus_n by_o the_o roman_a senate_n which_o title_n have_v since_o be_v transmit_v to_o all_o his_o successor_n 2._o octavius_n be_v not_o surname_v augustus_n till_o after_o he_o have_v enter_v the_o city_n thrice_o in_o triumph_n have_v put_v a_o period_n to_o the_o civil_a war_n restore_v tranquillity_n to_o the_o whole_a roman_a empire_n have_v heap_v great_a and_o many_o benefit_n upon_o the_o city_n and_o people_n of_o rome_n have_v fill_v up_o the_o senate_n with_o his_o friend_n and_o have_v the_o legal_a administration_n of_o the_o government_n confer_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n of_o rome_n 3._o at_o which_o time_n octavius_n be_v the_o seven_o time_n and_o m._n vipsan_n agrippa_z the_o 3_o d_o time_n consul_n of_o rome_n see_v rom._n see_v l._n 2._o hist_o rom._n dio_n 21._o dio_n c._n 21._o censorinus_n and_o aur._n cassiodorus_n 4._o when_o egypt_n be_v reduce_v under_o the_o roman_a jurisdiction_n two_o year_n before_o cit._n before_o loc._n cit._n censorinus_n 5._o the_o year_n of_o the_o augustus_n begin_v with_o the_o first_o of_o january_n though_o caesar_n be_v entitle_v with_o the_o name_n of_o augustus_n by_o l._n munatius_n plancus_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o roman_a citizen_n on_o the_o 14_o of_o january_n see_v censorinus_n with_o who_o very_o near_o agree_v ovid_n when_o he_o say_v thus_o idibus_fw-la in_o magnis_fw-la castus_fw-la jovis_n aede_fw-la sacerdos_n semimaris_fw-la flammis_fw-la viscera_fw-la libat_fw-la ovis_fw-la redditaque_fw-la est_fw-la omnis_fw-la populo_fw-la provincia_fw-la nostro_fw-la et_fw-la tuus_fw-la augusto_fw-la nomine_fw-la dictus_fw-la avus_fw-la from_o these_o character_n we_o conclude_v that_o the_o epocha_n of_o the_o augustus_n and_o the_o legal_a administration_n of_o the_o government_n by_o the_o caesar_n begin_v with_o the_o month_n of_o january_n in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o julian_n period_n 4687_o cycl_n ☉_o 11._o ☽_o 13._o if_o therefore_o 4686_o year_n be_v subtract_v from_o any_o certain_a epocha_n to_o investigate_v the_o year_n since_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o epocha_n year_n of_o the_o julian_n period_n the_o residue_n show_v the_o desire_a year_n since_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o epocha_n of_o the_o augustus_n §_o 1._o there_o be_v no_o less_o than_o 6_o several_a beginning_n epocha_n how_o manifold_a be_v the_o beginning_n of_o this_o epocha_n of_o this_o epocha_n for_o some_o begin_v it_o with_o the_o death_n of_o julius_n caesar_n other_o with_o the_o first_o year_n when_o octavius_n be_v consul_n of_o rome_n which_o be_v in_o the_o three_o julian_n year_n some_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o triumviral_n division_n be_v the_o 6_o julian_n year_n other_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o battle_n of_o actium_n be_v the_o 15_o julian_n year_n other_o from_o the_o conquest_n of_o alexandria_n and_o egypt_n other_o at_o last_o from_o the_o time_n octavius_n receive_v the_o title_n of_o augustus_n §_o 2._o it_o have_v be_v say_v before_o how_o that_o the_o roman_n epocha_n the_o roman_n and_o egyptian_n differ_v in_o this_o epocha_n begin_v the_o year_n of_o augustus_n from_o that_o time_n when_o octavius_n receive_v that_o title_n but_o the_o egyptian_n be_v conquer_v two_o year_n before_o that_o time_n the_o three_o year_n of_o the_o augustus_n among_o the_o egyptian_n be_v the_o first_o with_o the_o roman_n §_o 3._o suetonius_n give_v we_o the_o reason_n why_o octavius_n augustus_n why_o octavius_n be_v firname_v augustus_n be_v firname_v augustus_n in_o the_o follow_a word_n oct._n augusti_fw-la cognomen_fw-la assumpsit_fw-la
with_o the_o 25_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a according_a to_o st._n jerome_n and_o cedrenus_n 2._o the_o solemn_a consecration_n of_o this_o city_n be_v make_v in_o the_o three_o indiction_n according_a to_o the_o same_o cedrenus_n 3._o when_o the_o second_o feria_n do_v fall_v upon_o the_o 11_o day_n of_o may_n according_a to_o the_o same_o cedrenus_n and_o the_o anonymous_n author_n of_o the_o chron._n alexandrinum_n cite_v by_o 284._o by_o p._n 284._o scaliger_n 4._o in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o world_n according_a to_o the_o greek_a computation_n 5838._o according_a to_o zonaras_n cedrenus_n and_o joh._n monachus_n 5._o in_o the_o 2_o do_v year_n of_o the_o 277th_o olympiad_n see_v chron._n eus_n hieron_n 6._o in_o the_o 360th_o year_n since_o the_o reign_n of_o augustus_n according_a to_o suidas_n 7._o when_o gallicanus_n and_o symmachus_n be_v roman_n consul_n according_a to_o the_o chronicon_fw-la of_o causabon_n cite_v by_o scaliger_n 8._o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o 5_o indiction_n mavortius_n be_v then_o alone_a consul_n at_o rome_n in_o the_o 197th_o year_n after_o the_o building_n of_o constantinople_n the_o emperor_n justinus_n do_v appoint_v justinianus_n his_o nephew_n his_o successor_n in_o the_o empire_n on_o the_o first_o day_n of_o april_n according_a to_o comes_n marcellinus_n from_o these_o character_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o encoenia_fw-la or_o consecration_n of_o the_o city_n of_o constantinople_n do_v happen_v on_o the_o 11_o day_n of_o may_n in_o the_o 5043_o do_v year_n of_o the_o julian_n period_n cycl_n ☉_o 3._o ☽_o 8._o if_o therefore_o from_o any_o certain_a year_n give_v of_o the_o julian_n period_n be_v subtract_v 5042_o year_n and_o 4_o epocha_n any_o certain_a year_n give_v of_o the_o julian_n period_n to_o find_v out_o the_o year_n since_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o epocha_n month_n the_o residue_n show_v the_o year_n since_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o epocha_n of_o constantinople_n and_o if_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o 5042_o year_n and_o 4_o month_n be_v add_v to_o the_o know_a year_n of_o this_o epocha_n the_o product_n will_v be_v correspondent_a to_o the_o year_n of_o the_o julian_n period_n §_o 1._o this_o epocha_n be_v scarce_o mention_v by_o some_o chronologer_n nevertheless_o we_o judge_v particular_a why_o this_o epocha_n be_v treat_v of_o in_o particular_a it_o not_o for_o our_o purpose_n to_o pass_v it_o by_o in_o silence_n first_o because_o the_o constantinopolitan_o always_o make_v a_o great_a account_n of_o this_o epocha_n especial_o in_o their_o public_a record_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o temp._n in_o l._n 5._o de_fw-fr em._n temp._n scaliger_n and_o in_o the_o imperial_a law_n of_o feriis_fw-la of_o l._n 7._o de_fw-la feriis_fw-la valentinian_n and_o theodofius_fw-la we_o read_v these_o follow_a word_n kalendarium_n quoque_fw-la januarium_fw-la consuetos_fw-la dies_fw-la otio_fw-la mancipamus_fw-la his_o adjicimus_fw-la natalitios_n dies._fw-la vrbium_fw-la maximarum_fw-la romae_fw-la atque_fw-la constantinopolis_n in_o quibus_fw-la debent_fw-la jura_fw-la differri_fw-la quia_fw-la ab_fw-la ipsis_fw-la nata_fw-la sunt_fw-la second_o because_o this_o occasion_v the_o great_a and_o most_o pernicious_a change_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n three_o because_o by_o this_o innovation_n the_o number_n of_o patriarch_n increase_v this_o give_v birth_n to_o great_a and_o innumerable_a contest_v among_o the_o bishop_n consult_v annal._n consult_v c._n 3._o annal._n zonar_n &_o g._n codinus_n §_o 2._o suidas_n in_o his_o lexicon_n say_v that_o the_o ancient_n encoenia_fw-la the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n encoenia_fw-la by_o the_o word_n encoenia_fw-la understand_v any_o public_a solemnity_n or_o rather_o initiation_n in_o which_o sense_n be_v take_v the_o encoenia_fw-la of_o the_o temple_n of_o solomon_n of_o the_o maccabaean_n and_o emperor_n among_o the_o latin_n they_o be_v call_v dedication_n or_o consecration_n be_v certain_a day_n appoint_v to_o give_v thanks_o to_o god_n almighty_a on_o the_o account_n of_o something_o of_o moment_n bring_v to_o a_o happy_a conclusion_n and_o to_o implore_v he_o for_o the_o continuance_n of_o his_o mercy_n of_o these_o consecration_n consult_v the_o consecrationibus_fw-la the_o c._n 1._o de_fw-la consecrationibus_fw-la jus_fw-la canonicum_fw-la §_o 3._o all_o the_o historian_n agree_v in_o this_o point_n byzantium_n the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n byzantium_n that_o the_o city_n of_o constantinople_n be_v found_v by_o const_n the_o great_a upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o ancient_a byzantium_n but_o they_o be_v of_o different_a opinion_n concern_v the_o origin_n of_o this_o word_n most_o of_o they_o however_o agree_v in_o this_o that_o byzantium_n receive_v its_o name_n from_o its_o founder_n king_n byzantes_n or_o a_o famous_a commander_n at_o sea_n call_v buze_v georgius_n have_v this_o follow_a fabulous_a tradition_n that_o byzantes_n be_v son_n of_o neptune_n and_o cornuta_n the_o daughter_n of_o io_n a_o concubine_n of_o jupiter_n and_o that_o he_o receive_v his_o name_n from_o the_o nymph_n bezia_n who_o have_v educate_v he_o in_o thrace_n this_o byzantes_n say_v codinus_n after_o he_o have_v make_v himself_o famous_a by_o his_o exploit_n among_o those_o inhabit_v the_o mountain_n of_o thrace_n found_v the_o city_n of_o byzantium_n §_o 4._o the_o oracle_n of_o delphis_n have_v pronounce_v byzantium_n the_o tradition_n of_o the_o ancient_n concern_v the_o city_n of_o byzantium_n the_o follow_a word_n concern_v the_o city_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o ancient_n byzantium_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o city_n situate_v upon_o the_o thracian_a shoar_n near_o the_o pontus_n euxinus_n shall_v enjoy_v great_a happiness_n but_o they_o be_v very_o infamous_a for_o their_o intemperance_n for_o which_o reason_n they_o be_v surname_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o hist_o and_o l._n 3._o c._n 14._o hist_o aelianus_n varro_n upbraid_v they_o with_o drunkenness_n prostitute_v their_o wife_n to_o stranger_n and_o cowardice_n and_o menander_n say_v that_o the_o merchant_n of_o byzantium_n be_v so_o much_o addict_v to_o wine_n that_o they_o rare_o use_v to_o stir_v from_o the_o bottle_n all_o night_n §_o 5._o we_o read_v of_o several_a unfortunate_a war_n byzantium_n concern_v the_o destruction_n of_o the_o ancient_a byzantium_n wage_v by_o the_o byzantine_n in_o the_o ancient_a history_n but_o the_o two_o last_o be_v most_o remarkable_a in_o the_o first_o of_o these_o two_o they_o be_v according_a to_o zonaras_n close_o besiege_v by_o severus_n which_o siege_n they_o endure_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o bravery_n and_o constancy_n for_o three_o year_n when_o after_o a_o most_o obstinate_a resistance_n have_v consume_v all_o their_o provision_n and_o live_v for_o some_o time_n upon_o human_a flesh_n they_o be_v force_v to_o surrender_v to_o severus_n who_o kill_v all_o their_o soldier_n and_o chief_a man_n and_o dismantle_v the_o city_n but_o the_o second_o prove_v the_o total_a destruction_n of_o this_o famous_a city_n under_o gallienus_n who_o as_o trebellius_n pollio_n gal._n pollio_n in_o gal._n relate_v it_o do_v make_v such_o a_o slaughter_n among_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o byzantium_n that_o not_o one_o family_n escape_v his_o wrath_n unless_o it_o be_v perhaps_o such_o as_o happen_v to_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o foreign_a part_n §_o 6._o 2._o 6._o l._n 2._o c._n 2._o sozomenus_n affirm_v that_o const_n the_o great_a have_v take_v a_o resolution_n to_o build_v a_o city_n byzantium_n what_o induce_v constantine_n to_o found_v this_o new_a city_n upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o ancient_a byzantium_n after_o his_o own_o name_n first_o attempt_v to_o lay_v its_o foundation_n upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o ancient_n troy_n near_o the_o sepulchre_n of_o ajax_n but_o be_v admonish_v in_o a_o dream_n to_o desist_v from_o that_o enterprise_n he_o have_v pitch_v upon_o the_o old_a byzantium_n which_o he_o fortify_v with_o very_o strong_a wall_n there_o be_v other_o who_o believe_v that_o const_n the_o great_a do_v build_v this_o city_n as_o a_o bulwark_n and_o check_n to_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o persian_n who_o be_v then_o very_o formidable_a in_o the_o east_n and_o to_o keep_v the_o syrian_n and_o other_o neighbour_a nation_n in_o obedience_n by_o this_o potent_a city_n §_o 7._o and_o const_n the_o great_a be_v very_o desirous_a to_o city_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o sudden_a increase_n of_o this_o city_n enlarge_v his_o new_a city_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o his_o power_n give_v all_o imaginable_a encouragement_n to_o stranger_n by_o his_o great_a liberality_n towards_o they_o and_o st._n jerom_n observe_v that_o const_n the_o great_a be_v so_o ambitious_a of_o enlarge_a this_o city_n that_o he_o transfer_v colony_n from_o other_o place_n thither_o 2._o thither_o l._n 2._o c._n 2._o sozomenus_n ascribe_v this_o sudden_a increase_n of_o constantinople_n partly_o to_o the_o piety_n of_o the_o emperor_n partly_o to_o the_o charity_n and_o liberality_n of_o its_o inhabitant_n to_o