at_o brentford_n and_o come_v to_o kent_n in_o pursuit_n of_o â—nute_n who_o upon_o engage_v be_v so_o shameful_o defeat_v at_o first_o and_o his_o man_n put_v to_o that_o terrible_a flight_n that_o â—ere_z want_v nothing_o of_o a_o full_a and_o absolute_a victory_n â—â—t_v the_o true_a loyalty_n of_o the_o traitor_n edric_n who_o perceive_v the_o victory_n to_o incline_v to_o edmund_n and_o the_o â—anes_n like_v to_o receive_v their_o mortal_a and_o final_a blow_n â—â—yed_v aloud_o flee_v engle_n flee_v engle_n edmund_n be_v dead_a â—nd_v thereupon_o flee_v with_o that_o part_n of_o the_o army_n under_o â—â—s_o command_v leave_v the_o king_n overpower_a with_o â—umber_n by_o this_o desertion_n the_o english_a be_v at_o the_o â—â—st_n overthrow_v and_o a_o great_a number_n slay_v among_o â—hom_n be_v duke_n edmund_n duke_n alfric_n duke_n godâ—yn_n and_o vlfkettel_n the_o valiant_a duke_n of_o the_o east-angles_a together_o with_o all_o the_o english_a cavalry_n and_o a_o â—â—eat_a part_n of_o the_o nobility_n after_o this_o victory_n cnuteâ—arched_v â—arched_z triumphant_o to_o london_n and_o be_v crown_v king_n but_o edmund_n prepare_v to_o try_v his_o fortune_n in_o anâ—ther_n field_n muster_v together_o all_o the_o force_n he_o can_v â—nd_v meeting_n with_o cnute_n in_o gloucestershire_n intend_v â—o_o give_v he_o battle_n but_o consider_v what_o cruel_a and_o â—nnatural_a bloodshed_n have_v already_o happen_v both_o general_o agree_v to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o tedious_a quarrel_n by_o â—â—ngle_a combat_n and_o the_o place_n be_v appoint_v edmundâ—nd_a â—nd_z cnute_n fall_v to_o it_o very_o vigorous_o till_o at_o last_o cnuteâ—erceiving_v â—erceiving_z it_o impracticable_a to_o vanquish_v a_o man_n of_o iron_n sides_n lay_v down_o his_o weapon_n move_v this_o composition_n to_o divide_v the_o kingdom_n fair_o betwixt_o they_o edmund_n be_v not_o displease_v at_o the_o offer_n and_o therefore_o both_o party_n submit_v to_o this_o decision_n that_o edmund_n shall_v rule_v the_o westsaxons_a and_o the_o south_n cnute_n in_o mercia_n and_o all_o the_o north_n and_o so_o they_o part_v friend_n cnute_n move_v to_o london_n and_o edmund_n to_o oxford_n but_o edric_n be_v not_o please_v that_o edmund_n shall_v have_v any_o share_n at_o all_o of_o the_o government_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o conspire_v against_o his_o life_n and_o to_o deliver_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o england_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o cnute_n of_o who_o he_o may_v reasonable_o expect_v for_o this_o and_o other_o traitorous_a service_n a_o very_a ample_a and_o a_o answerable_a return_n this_o he_o commit_v to_o one_o of_o his_o own_o son_n to_o put_v in_o execution_n a_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o old_a stock_n and_o one_o early_o verse_v in_o wicked_a and_o traitorous_a design_n who_o perceive_v the_o king_n to_o go_v 〈◊〉_d stool_n thrust_v up_o a_o sharp_a knife_n up_o his_o fundament_n 〈◊〉_d which_o wound_v he_o present_o dye_v edric_n be_v quick_o certify_v of_o the_o fact_n post_v it_o up_o to_o london_n and_o with_o great_a joy_n and_o loud_a acclamation_n come_v to_o cnutâ—_n greet_v he_o as_o sole_a king_n of_o england_n and_o withal_o tell_v he_o in_o what_o manner_n and_o by_o who_o mean_n hâ—â—_n old_a enemy_n king_n edmund_n be_v assassinate_v and_o kill_v at_o oxford_n cnute_n though_o please_v at_o the_o death_n of_o edmund_n be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a honour_n than_o to_o commend_v so_o horrible_a a_o deed_n though_o do_v to_o a_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o tell_v edric_n that_o he_o will_v without_o faâ—â—_n take_v care_n to_o reward_v he_o as_o his_o desert_n require_v anâ—_n will_v advance_v he_o above_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n which_o be_v quick_o perform_v his_o head_n be_v placeâ—_n upon_o the_o high_a tower_n in_o london_n for_o a_o terror_n 〈◊〉_d such_o villainous_a traitor_n to_o their_o king_n edric_n be_v thus_o deserve_o disappoint_v of_o the_o mighty_a thought_n he_o entertain_v of_o greatness_n upon_o the_o advancement_n of_o king_n cnute_n this_o generous_a dane_n scorn_v his_o basâ—ness_n and_o so_o have_v pay_v he_o a_o traitor_n reward_n cause_v execution_n to_o be_v do_v upon_o all_o edric_n complice_n and_o those_o that_o consent_v to_o the_o base_a murder_n oâ—_n that_o brave_a prince_n king_n edmund_n about_o the_o same_o time_n there_o happen_v no_o small_a disturbance_n a.d._n 1015_o and_o commotion_n in_o wales_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sytsylht_n have_v for_o some_o year_n sit_v still_o and_o quiet_a begin_v now_o to_o bestir_v himself_o and_o have_v draw_v all_o his_o force_n together_o march_v against_o aedan_n who_o forcible_o and_o without_o any_o legal_a pretence_n have_v enter_v upon_o and_o for_o all_o this_o time_n have_v keep_v himself_o in_o the_o government_n of_o north-wales_n aedan_n will_v not_o easy_o â—eject_v himself_o from_o what_o have_v be_v so_o long_o in_o his_o possession_n to_o maintain_v which_o he_o give_v lhewelyn_n battle_n but_o the_o day_n go_v against_o he_o himself_z with_o his_o four_o son_n be_v slay_v upon_o the_o spot_n upon_o which_o lheweâ—yn_n without_o any_o regard_n have_v to_o jago_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n the_o right_a heir_n take_v upon_o himself_o the_o title_n and_o authority_n of_o prince_n of_o all_o wales_n his_o pretence_n to_o north-wales_n be_v as_o be_v descend_v from_o traw_v daughter_n to_o elis_n second_o son_n to_o anarawd_n who_o be_v the_o elder_a son_n of_o roderic_n the_o great_a and_o to_o south_n wales_n as_o have_v marry_v angharad_n the_o only_a daughter_n of_o meredith_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o pretension_n he_o assume_v to_o himself_o the_o government_n of_o all_o wales_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_n lhewelyn_n have_v as_o be_v say_v take_v upon_o he_o the_o general_a government_n of_o wales_n manage_v his_o charge_n with_o such_o prudence_n and_o moderation_n that_o the_o country_n in_o a_o short_a time_n become_v very_o flourish_v and_o prosperous_a peace_n and_o tranquillity_n be_v establish_v produce_v plenty_n and_o increase_n of_o all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o humane_a subsistence_n for_o there_o be_v none_o that_o can_v â—ay_n any_o claim_n or_o pretence_n to_o either_o of_o the_o principality_n except_v jago_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n who_o be_v indeed_o lawful_a heir_n of_o north-wales_n but_o either_o too_o weak_a to_o withstand_v or_o unwilling_a to_o disturb_v lhewelyn_n title_n he_o lay_v quiet_a for_o a_o time_n expect_v a_o better_a opportunity_n to_o recover_v his_o right_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n cnute_n be_v crown_v king_n of_o all_o england_n marrieâ—_n emma_n the_o widow_n of_o king_n edelred_n and_o for_o the_o better_a secure_v the_o english_a crown_n to_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n he_o think_v it_o expedient_a to_o dispatch_v edmund_n and_o edward_n the_o son_n of_o ironside_n out_o of_o the_o way_n but_o lefâ—_n such_o a_o execrable_a fact_n shall_v seem_v too_o black_a to_o be_v do_v in_o england_n he_o send_v the_o two_o youth_n to_o solomâ—n_a king_n of_o hungary_n will_v he_o to_o use_v some_o convenient_a opportunity_n to_o take_v away_o their_o life_n which_o seem_v to_o solomon_n so_o very_o unnatural_a that_o instead_o of_o comply_v with_o cnute_n request_n he_o educate_v and_o bring_v they_o up_o as_o his_o own_o child_n but_o cnute_n imagine_v now_o that_o his_o fear_n be_v over_o and_o his_o busâ—ness_n effectual_o finish_v so_o that_o he_o can_v the_o more_o bold_o demand_v of_o his_o subject_n what_o either_o his_o necessity_n or_o curiosity_n will_v prompt_v he_o to_o and_o reflect_v with_o himself_o what_o excessive_a expense_n he_o have_v be_v at_o in_o the_o conquest_n of_o england_n be_v resolve_v that_o the_o english_a shall_v repay_v he_o and_o therefore_o require_v a_o subsidy_n of_o seventy_o two_o thousand_o pound_n beside_o eleven_o thousand_o which_o the_o city_n of_o london_n contribute_v the_o same_o time_n meyric_n the_o son_n of_o arthfael_n a_o person_n of_o quality_n in_o wales_n rebel_v and_o raise_v aâ—_n army_n against_o prince_n lhewelyn_n who_o no_o soon_o appear_v in_o the_o field_n to_o quell_v this_o malcontented_n general_n but_o manful_o slay_v he_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o easy_o discomfit_v his_o follower_n the_o same_o time_n cnute_n sail_v over_o into_o denmark_n and_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o vandal_n who_o for_o all_o that_o they_o have_v a_o great_a army_n 〈◊〉_d the_o field_n be_v overcome_v by_o the_o imcomparable_a valour_n of_o earl_n godwyn_n for_o which_o famous_a action_n cnutâ—_n have_v the_o english_a in_o great_a esteem_n ever_o after_o a.d._n 1020_o but_o lhewelyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n though_o he_o have_v late_o quell_v the_o rebel_n head_v by_o meyric_n be_v now_o to_o encounter_v with_o another_o difficulty_n which_o seem_v to_o threaten_v great_a disturbance_n and_o trouble_n to_o he_o for_o a_o certain_a person_n of_o a_o mean_a quality_n in_o scotland_n come_v to_o south-wales_n assume_v the_o
to_o gruffydh_fw-mi invite_v the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o come_v to_o invade_v theiâ—_n country_n and_o to_o correct_v the_o unnatural_a enmity_n theiâ—_n prince_n express_v to_o his_o brother_n but_o when_o all_o difference_n be_v over_o the_o king_n of_o england_n return_v with_o his_o army_n shameful_o back_o and_o the_o prince_n anâ—_n his_o nobility_n reconcile_v the_o welsh_a may_v have_v expect_v a_o very_a happy_a time_n of_o it_o have_v not_o death_n take_v the_o prince_n so_o unnatural_o away_o before_o he_o have_v well_o know_v what_o a_o peaceful_a reign_n be_v lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi â—rince_n david_n be_v dead_a the_o principality_n of_o 〈◊〉_d north_n wales_n legal_o descend_v to_o sir_n ralph_n morâ—â—â—er_n in_o right_a of_o his_o wife_n gladys_n daughter_n to_o â—â—â—welyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n but_o the_o welsh_a nobility_n beâ—â—â—_n assemble_v together_o for_o the_o elect_n and_o nominate_v a_o successor_n think_v it_o by_o no_o mean_n advisaâ—â—â—_n to_o admit_v a_o stranger_n to_o the_o crown_n though_o his_o â—â—de_n be_v never_o so_o lawful_a and_o especial_o a_o engâ—â—â—â—man_n by_o who_o obligation_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o engâ—â—â—d_n they_o must_v of_o necessity_n expect_v to_o become_v subâ—â—â—s_n or_o rather_o slave_n to_o the_o english_a government_n â—herefore_o they_o unanimous_o agree_v to_o set_v up_o lheâ—â—â—yn_n and_o owen_n goch_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_n a_o base_a 〈◊〉_d of_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n and_o brother_n to_o prince_n â—â—vid_v who_o be_v send_v for_o and_o appear_v before_o the_o assembly_n all_o the_o noble_n and_o baron_n then_o present_a 〈◊〉_d they_o homage_n and_o receive_v they_o for_o their_o soâ—â—â—eigns_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n of_o england_n understand_v of_o the_o death_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n he_o â—â—ought_v the_o country_n be_v in_o a_o unsettled_a and_o waâ—â—ring_a condition_n he_o may_v effect_v great_a matter_n there_o use_v therefore_o he_o send_v one_o nicholas_n de_fw-fr miles_n to_o south-wales_a with_o the_o title_n of_o justice_n of_o that_o country_n â—â—th_v who_o he_o join_v in_o commission_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi â—â—ys_v gryc_a and_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi 〈◊〉_d eject_v and_o disinherit_v maelgon_n fychan_n of_o all_o his_o â—ands_n and_o estate_n in_o south-wales_n the_o like_a injurious_a practice_n be_v commit_v against_o howel_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n â—ho_fw-mi be_v forcible_o rob_v of_o all_o his_o estate_n in_o glamorâ—â—n_n by_o the_o earl_n of_o clare_n these_o unreasonable_a exâ—â—tions_n be_v insupportable_a maelgon_n and_o howel_n make_v â—â—own_v their_o grievance_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n desire_v their_o succour_n and_o assistance_n for_o the_o recovery_n â—f_fw-mi their_o lawful_a inheritance_n from_o the_o encroachment_n of_o the_o english_a but_o the_o king_n of_o england_n understand_v their_o design_n lead_v his_o army_n into_o wales_n 〈◊〉_d on_o who_o arrival_n the_o welsh_a withdraw_v themselves_o to_o snowden-hill_n where_o they_o so_o tire_v the_o englâ—â—â—_n army_n that_o the_o king_n find_v he_o can_v do_v no_o goâ—â—_n after_o some_o stay_n there_o return_v back_o to_o england_n wiâ—â—_n in_o a_o while_n after_o ralph_n mortimer_n the_o husband_n gladys_n dhu_n die_v leave_v his_o whole_a estate_n and_o wâ—â—_n it_o a_o lawful_a title_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_a to_o his_o son_n sir_n roger_n mortimer_n a.d._n 1247_o the_o next_o year_n nothing_o memorable_a pass_v between_o the_o english_a and_o the_o welsh_a 739._o m._n paris_n p._n 739._o only_o the_o dismal_a effect_n the_o last_o year_n expedition_n be_v not_o wear_v off_o 〈◊〉_d ground_n be_v uncapable_a of_o cultivation_n and_o the_o câ—â—â—tel_n be_v in_o great_a measure_n destroy_v by_o the_o englâ—â—â—_n occasion_v great_a poverty_n and_o want_n in_o the_o countâ—â—_n but_o the_o great_a calamity_n befall_v the_o bishop_n s._n asâ—â—â—_n and_o bangor_n be_v destroy_v and_o burn_v by_o the_o english_a the_o bishop_n thereof_o be_v reduce_v to_o that_o utmost_a extremity_n as_o to_o get_v their_o subsistence_n by_o other_o meâ—â—_n charity_n the_o bishop_n also_o of_o s._n david_n decease_a aâ—â—_n he_o of_o landaff_n have_v the_o misfortune_n to_o fall_v blind_a 〈◊〉_d the_o bishopric_n of_o s._n david_n succeed_v thomas_n sâ—â—â—â—_n name_v wallensis_n by_o reason_n that_o he_o be_v bear_v in_o walâ—â—_n who_o think_v himself_o oblige_v to_o benefit_v his_o own_o coâ—â—try_n what_o lie_v in_o his_o power_n desire_v to_o be_v advance_v from_o the_o archdeaconry_n of_o lincoln_n to_o that_o sea_n whicâ—_n the_o king_n easy_o grant_v and_o confirm_v he_o in_o 〈◊〉_d a.d._n 1248_o the_o next_o summer_n prove_v somewhat_o more_o favourablâ—_n to_o the_o welsh_a rhys_n fychan_n son_n to_o rhys_n mechyl_n woâ—_n from_o the_o english_a the_o castle_n of_o carrec_n cynnen_n which_o his_o unkind_a mother_n out_o of_o malice_n or_o some_o ill_a opinion_n entertain_v of_o he_o have_v some_o time_n afore_o private_o deliver_v up_o to_o they_o and_o about_o the_o saâ—â—_n time_n the_o body_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lhewelyn_n base_n son_n 〈◊〉_d lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n be_v recover_v from_o the_o king_n oâ—_n england_n by_o the_o earnest_a solicitation_n of_o the_o abboâ—â—_n of_o conwey_n and_o ystratflur_n who_o convey_v it_o to_o conwey_n bestow_v upon_o it_o a_o very_a pompous_a and_o honourable_a innterment_n after_o this_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o welsh_a proceed_v a.d._n 1255_o peaceable_o for_o a_o long_a while_n and_o the_o country_n have_v sufficient_a opportunity_n to_o recover_v its_o former_a plenty_n but_o 〈◊〉_d last_o to_o make_v good_a the_o proverb_n that_o plenty_n beget_v â—â—ar_a they_o begin_v for_o want_v of_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n to_o â—â—arrel_v and_o fall_v out_o among_o themselves_o owen_n be_v too_o â—â—gh_a and_o ambitious_a to_o be_v satisfy_v with_o half_a the_o prinpality_n and_o therefore_o must_v needs_o have_v a_o fling_n at_o the_o â—hole_a wherein_o fortune_n so_o far_o deceive_v he_o that_o he_o â—â—st_n his_o own_o stake_n as_o will_v afterward_o appear_v but_o â—â—e_v better_a to_o encompass_v his_o design_n by_o sly_a insinuaâ—â—ons_n he_o persuade_v david_n his_o young_a brother_n to_o seâ—â—nd_v his_o cause_n and_o they_o with_o joint_a interest_n levy_v â—â—eir_n power_n with_o intention_n to_o dethrone_v their_o elder_a â—â—other_n lhewelyn_n but_o that_o be_v no_o easy_a matter_n 〈◊〉_d lhewelyn_n be_v prepare_v to_o receive_v they_o and_o with_o puissant_a army_n meet_v they_o in_o the_o field_n and_o so_o be_v â—â—â—olved_v to_o venture_v all_o upon_o the_o fortune_n of_o a_o battle_n 〈◊〉_d be_v strange_a and_o grievous_a to_o behold_v this_o unnatural_a â—ivil_a war_n and_o the_o more_o grievous_a now_o by_o reason_n â—â—at_v it_o so_o manifest_o weaken_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o withstand_v the_o incursion_n of_o the_o english_a â—ho_fw-mi be_v extreme_o please_v with_o so_o fair_a a_o opportunity_n to_o fall_v upon_o they_o but_o they_o be_v too_o far_o enâ—â—ged_v to_o consider_v of_o future_a inconvenience_n and_o a_o â—â—yal_a of_o war_n they_o must_v have_v though_o the_o englishâ—ere_v â—ere_z ready_a to_o fall_v upon_o both_o army_n the_o battle_n â—eing_v join_v the_o day_n prove_v bloody_a of_o both_o side_n â—nd_v whether_o be_v like_a to_o conquer_v be_v not_o present_o discover_v till_o at_o length_n owen_n begin_v to_o give_v â—round_n and_o in_o fine_a be_v overthrow_v himself_o and_o his_o â—rother_n david_n be_v take_v prisoner_n lhewelyn_n â—â—ough_o he_o have_v sufficient_a reason_n will_v not_o put_v his_o â—rothers_n to_o death_n but_o commit_v they_o into_o close_a prison_n seize_v all_o their_o estate_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n â—nd_v so_o enjoy_v the_o whole_a principality_n of_o wales_n the_o english_a see_v the_o welsh_a at_o this_o rate_n oppress_v â—nd_n destroy_v one_o another_o think_v they_o have_v full_a liberty_n to_o deal_v with_o they_o as_o they_o please_v and_o thereupon_o begin_v to_o exercise_v all_o manner_n of_o wrong_n and_o injustice_n against_o they_o insomuch_o that_o the_o next_o year_n all_o a.d._n 1256_o the_o lord_n of_o wales_n come_v in_o a_o body_n to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o declare_v their_o grievance_n how_o unmerciful_o prince_n edward_n who_o his_o father_n have_v send_v to_o wales_n and_z other_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n deal_n with_o they_o how_o without_o any_o colour_n of_o justice_n they_o seize_v upon_o their_o estate_n without_o any_o room_n for_o appeal_n whereas_o if_o themselves_o offend_v in_o the_o least_o they_o be_v punish_v to_o the_o utmost_a extremity_n in_o fine_a they_o solemn_o declare_v that_o they_o prefer_v to_o die_v honourable_o in_o the_o field_n before_o to_o be_v so_o unmerciful_o enslave_v to_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o stranger_n prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v not_o a_o stranger_n to_o all_o this_o and_o now_o have_v happy_o discover_v the_o bent_n and_o inclination_n of_o his_o subject_n be_v resolve_v to_o prosecute_v if_o possible_a the_o expulsion_n of_o
montgomery-shire_n and_o be_v all_o on_o the_o north-side_n severn_n save_v a_o piece_n of_o montgomery-shire_n and_o here_o i_o think_v it_o good_a to_o let_v the_o reader_n understand_v what_o the_o british_a chronicle_n say_v of_o north-wales_n which_o affirm_v that_o three_o time_n it_o come_v by_o inheritance_n to_o woman_n first_o to_o stradwen_n daughter_n to_o cadfan_n ap_fw-mi conan_n ap_fw-mi endaf_fw-mi and_o wife_n to_o coel_n godebâ—e_v mother_n to_o genaw_n dyfyr_n and_o gwawl_v the_o second_o time_n to_o the_o same_o gwawl_fw-mi wife_n to_o edeyrn_n ap_fw-mi padarn_n and_o mother_n to_o cunetha_n wledic_n whâ—ch_v cunetha_n inhabit_v in_o the_o north_n part_n of_o england_n about_o the_o year_n 540._o after_o the_o incarnation_n of_o christ_n and_o hear_v how_o the_o mingle_a nation_n of_o irish-scot_n and_o pict_n have_v overrun_v the_o seashore_n of_o cardigan_n which_o be_v part_n of_o his_o inheritance_n send_v his_o son_n thither_o to_o enjoy_v their_o inheritance_n of_o who_o tibiaon_n his_o elder_a son_n die_v in_o man_n which_o land_n the_o say_a irish-scot_n have_v win_v for_o gildas_n say_v that_o the_o child_n of_o glam_n hector_n which_o people_v a_o great_a part_n of_o ireland_n yscro_v with_o his_o people_n inhabit_v dalrieuda_n which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o scotland_n builke_n with_o his_o people_n come_v to_o man._n but_o i_o think_v it_o good_a to_o put_v in_o gildas_n word_n which_o say_v builke_n cum_fw-la filiis_fw-la suis_fw-la inhabitavit_fw-la euboniam_fw-la insulam_fw-la uâ—lgò_fw-la manaw_fw-mi quae_fw-la est_fw-la in_o meditullio_fw-la maris_fw-la inter_fw-la hyberniam_fw-la &_o britanniam_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v buiâ—ke_v with_o his_o child_n inhabit_v the_o isle_n eubonia_fw-la common_o manaw_v for_o so_o it_o be_v and_o be_v name_v in_o british_a which_o lie_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o sea_n between_o ireland_n and_o britain_n this_o be_v not_o call_v môna_n as_o polydore_n feign_v the_o child_n of_o bethoun_n inhabit_v demetia_n which_o be_v south-wales_n with_o gwyr_n and_o cydweli_n till_o they_o be_v chase_v thence_o by_o the_o child_n of_o cunetha_n thus_o far_o gildas_n therefore_o the_o son_n of_o cunetha_n be_v arrive_v in_o north_n wales_n as_o well_o i_o think_v be_v drive_v by_o the_o saxon_n as_o for_o their_o inheritance_n divide_v the_o country_n betwixt_o they_o and_o first_o meireaon_n the_o son_n of_o tibiaon_n the_o son_n of_o cunetha_n have_v cantref_o meireaon_n to_o his_o part_n arustel_n ap_fw-mi cunetha_n have_v cantref_o arostly_a caredic_n ap_fw-mi cunetha_n have_v caerdigion_n now_o call_v cardiganshire_n sâ—esneg_n maelor_n the_o son_n of_o gwran_n son_n to_o cunedha_n have_v maeloron_n that_o be_v the_o two_o maeloâ—_n maelor_n gymbraeg_n call_v br._n and_o maelor_n sâ—esneg_n dunod_n have_v cantref_o dimodic_n edeyrn_n have_v edeyrnion_n mael_n have_v dynmael_n coel_n have_v colâ—yon_n doguael_n have_v dogueilyn_n rhyfaon_n have_v rhyfonioc_n now_o denbighland_n eineon_n yrch_n have_v caereneon_n in_o powy_n vssa_fw-mi have_v maesuswalht_v now_o oswestry_n for_o sure_o that_o they_o say_v common_o of_o oswald_n king_n of_o northumberland_n to_o be_v slay_v there_o and_o of_o the_o well_o that_o spring_v where_o his_o arm_n be_v carry_v be_v nothing_o so_o for_o beda_n and_o all_o other_o writer_n testify_v that_o peanda_n slay_v oswald_n at_o maserfelt_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o northumberland_n and_o his_o body_n be_v bury_v in_o the_o abbey_n of_o bradney_n in_o the_o province_n of_o lhyndesey_n but_o to_o my_o former_a matter_n these_o name_n give_v by_o the_o son_n of_o cunetha_n remain_v to_o this_o day_n after_o this_o the_o irish-pict_n or_o scot_n which_o the_o britain_n call_v y_o gwydhyl_n phictiay_v which_o be_v to_o say_v the_o irish-pict_n do_v overrun_v the_o isle_n of_o môn_n and_o be_v drive_v thence_o by_o caswalhon_n lhawhir_n that_o be_v caswalhon_n with_o the_o long_a hand_n the_o son_n of_o eineon_n yâ—ch_fw-mi ap_fw-mi cunedha_n who_o slay_v serigi_n their_o king_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n at_o lhan_n y_fw-fr gwydhyl_n which_o be_v the_o irish_a church_n at_o holyhead_n this_o caswalhon_n be_v father_n to_o maelgon_n gwynedh_n who_o the_o latin_n call_v maglocunus_fw-la prince_n and_o king_n of_o britain_n in_o his_o time_n be_v the_o famous_a clerk_n and_o great_a wiseman_n taliessyn_n ben_n beiâ—dâ—_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o chief_a of_o the_o beirdh_n or_o wiseman_n for_o this_o word_n bardh_n in_o caesar_n time_n signify_v as_o lucan_n bear_v witness_n such_o as_o have_v knowledge_n of_o thing_n to_o come_v and_o so_o it_o signify_v at_o this_o day_n this_o maelgon_n have_v a_o son_n call_v run_v in_o who_o time_n the_o saxon_n invite_v gurmond_n into_o britain_n from_o ireland_n who_o have_v come_v thither_o from_o africa_n who_o with_o the_o saxon_n be_v the_o utter_a destruction_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o fly_v all_o that_o profess_a christ_n and_o be_v the_o first_o that_o drive_v they_o over_o severn_n this_o run_n be_v father_n to_o beli_n who_o be_v father_n to_o jago_n for_o so_o the_o britain_n call_n james_n who_o be_v father_n to_o cadfaâ—â—_n and_o not_o brochwel_v call_v brecyfal_n as_o the_o english_a chronicle_n say_v for_o this_o brochwel_n call_v ysgiâ—hroc_n that_o be_v long_o tooth_v be_v choose_v leader_n of_o such_o as_o meet_v with_o adelred_n alius_fw-la ethelbertus_fw-la rex_fw-la cantiaâ—_n and_o other_o angles_n and_o saxon_n who_o augustine_n have_v move_v to_o make_v war_n against_o the_o christian_a britain_n and_o these_o put_v brochwel_n twice_o to_o flight_n not_o far_o from_o chester_n and_o cruel_o slay_v a_o 1000_o priest_n and_o monk_n of_o bangor_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o lay-brethren_n of_o the_o same_o house_n which_o live_v by_o the_o labour_n of_o their_o hand_n and_o be_v come_v barefooted_a and_o woolward_o to_o crave_v mercy_n and_o peace_n at_o the_o saxon_n hand_n and_o here_o you_o shall_v understand_v that_o this_o be_v not_o augustine_n bishop_n of_o hippona_n the_o great_a clerk_n but_o augustine_n the_o monk_n call_v the_o apostle_n of_o england_n then_o this_o brochwel_n retire_v over_o dee_n hard_o by_o bangor_n and_o defend_v the_o saxon_n the_o passage_n till_o cadfan_n king_n of_o north_n wales_n meredyth_n king_n of_o south-wales_n and_o bledâ—us_a or_o bletius_n prince_n of_o cornwall_n come_v to_o succour_v he_o and_o give_v the_o saxon_n a_o sore_a battle_n and_o slay_v of_o they_o the_o number_n of_o a_o 1066_o and_o put_v the_o rest_n to_o flight_n after_o the_o which_o battle_n cadfan_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o britain_n and_o be_v chief_a ruler_n within_o the_o isle_n after_o who_o his_o son_n cadwalhon_n who_o be_v father_n to_o cadwallader_n the_o last_o of_o the_o british_a blood_n that_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o king_n of_o britain_n be_v king_n the_o three_o time_n that_o north-wales_n come_v to_o a_o woman_n be_v to_o esylht_v the_o daughter_n of_o conan_n tindaythwy_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n ywrch_n the_o son_n of_o cadwalâ—dâ—r_n she_o be_v wife_n to_o merfyn_n frych_n and_o mother_n to_o rhodâ—ric_a the_o great_a as_o shall_v be_v hereafter_o declare_v by_o this_o you_o may_v understand_v that_o north-wales_a have_v be_v a_o great_a while_n the_o chief_a seat_n of_o the_o last_o king_n of_o britain_n because_o it_o be_v and_o be_v the_o strong_a country_n within_o this_o isle_n full_a of_o high_a mountain_n craggy_a rock_n great_a wood_n and_o deep_a valley_n straight_o and_o dangerous_a place_n deep_a and_o swift_a river_n as_o dyfi_n which_o spring_v in_o the_o hill_n of_o merâ—onyth_n and_o run_v north-west_n through_o mowthwy_n and_o by_o machynlaeth_n and_o so_o to_o the_o sea_n at_o aberdyfi_n divide_v nâ—râ—h_n and_o south-wales_n asunder_o d_o you_o call_v in_o welsh_a dourdwy_n spring_v also_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o same_o hill_n run_v east_n through_o penlhyn_n and_o the_o lake_n tegyd_v 〈…〉_o and_o lhangolhen_o between_o chirke-land_n and_o bromfield_n where_o it_o bow_v northward_o towards_o bangor_n to_o the_o holt_n and_o to_o chester_n and_o thence_o north-west_n to_o flint-castle_n and_o so_o to_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v also_o conwey_n rise_v likewise_o in_o merionyth-â—â—ire_n and_o divide_v caernarvon_n from_o denbighshire_n â—â—nneth_v under_o snowden_n north-east_n by_o the_o town_n of_o â—berconwey_a to_o the_o sea_n also_o clwyd_n which_o rise_v in_o denbigh_n land_n run_v down_o to_o ruthyn_n and_o plain_a north_n not_o far_o from_o denbigh_a to_o st._n asaph_n and_o so_o by_o ruthlan_n and_o to_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v many_o other_o fair_a river_n of_o which_o some_o run_v â—o_o the_o sea_n as_o mawr_z at_o traethmawr_n and_o afon_n y_o saint_n at_o â—aernarvon_n and_o other_o that_o run_v to_o severn_n as_o murnwy_n 〈◊〉_d powy_n and_o to_o murnwy_n tanat_n some_o other_o to_o d_o you_o â—s_a ceirioc_n betwixt_o the_o lordship_n of_o chirke_n and_o whitâ—ington_n alyn_n through_o yal_a and_o mould_v dale_n and_o hope_v â—ale_a and_o so_o
to_o dee_fw-mi a_o little_a above_o chester_n and_o this_o â—â—all_v suffice_v for_o the_o perfect_a description_n of_o that_o which_o 〈◊〉_d old_a time_n be_v call_v gwynedh_n and_o powy_n and_o at_o â—hese_fw-mi day_n the_o six_o shire_n of_o north-wales_n now_o remain_v the_o last_o kingdom_n of_o wales_n dynefawr_n dynefawr_n call_v dynefawr_n which_o although_o it_o be_v the_o great_a yet_o be_v 〈◊〉_d not_o the_o best_a as_o giraldus_n witness_v chief_o because_o it_o be_v much_o molest_v with_o flemings_n and_o norman_n and_o also_o that_o in_o divers_a part_n thereof_o the_o lord_n will_v not_o obey_v their_o prince_n as_o in_o gwent_n and_o in_o morganwe_n which_o be_v their_o own_o confusion_n as_o shall_v hereafter_o appear_v this_o be_v divide_v into_o six_o part_n of_o the_o which_o caredigion_n be_v the_o first_o caredigion_n caredigion_n and_o contain_v â—our_n cantred_n and_o ten_o comot_n as_o cantref_o penwedic_n have_v â—n_v it_o these_o comot_n geneurglyn_n perfedh_n and_o creuthyn_n cantref_o canawl_n have_v these_o mefenyth_n anhunoc_n and_o pennarth_n cantref_o castelh_n have_v these_o comot_n mabwynion_n and_o caerwedros_n cantref_o syrwen_n have_v these_o gwenionyth_n and_o iscoed_n and_o this_o part_n be_v at_o this_o day_n call_v in_o english_a cardigan-shi_a e_o and_o in_o welch_n swydh-aberteifi_a this_o be_v a_o champion_n country_n without_o much_o wood_n and_o have_v be_v divers_a time_n overcome_v with_o fleming_n and_o norman_n which_o build_v many_o castle_n in_o it_o and_o at_o the_o last_o be_v beat_v out_o of_o they_o all_o it_o have_v on_o the_o east_n north-wales_n with_o the_o river_n dyfi_n and_o part_n of_o powy_n upon_o the_o south_n caermardhyn_n shire_n upon_o the_o west_n pembroke_n shire_n with_o the_o river_n teifi_n and_o upon_o the_o north_n the_o irish_a sea_n in_o this_o part_n be_v the_o town_n of_o cardigan_n upon_o teifi_n noâ—_n far_o from_o the_o sea_n the_o town_n of_o aberystwyth_n upoâ—_n the_o river_n ystwyth_n by_o the_o sea_n and_o lhanbadarn_n faâ—â—_n which_o be_v a_o great_a sanctuary_n and_o a_o place_n of_o religious_a and_o learned_a man_n in_o time_n past_a and_o in_o thâ—_n shire_n be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o castle_n as_o the_o castle_n of_o ystratmeyric_n of_o walter_n of_o lhanrysted_a of_o dynertâ—_n of_o the_o son_n of_o wyneaon_n of_o aber-reidol_a and_o a_o greâ—â—_n number_v more_o with_o the_o town_n of_o tregaron_n and_o lhâ—â—dhewibrefi_n dyfet_n dyfet_n the_o second_o part_n be_v call_v dyfe_v and_o at_o this_o daâ—_n pembrokeshire_n and_o have_v in_o it_o eight_o cantred_n anâ—_n twenty_o three_o comot_n which_o be_v these_o cantreâ—_n emlyn_n have_v these_o comot_n vwchcuch_o iscuch_o anâ—_n lefethyr_n cantref_o arberth_n have_v these_o penrhyn_n be_v elay_n esterâ—lef_n and_o talacharn_n cantref_n daugledheu_o have_v these_o amgoed_n pennaâ—_n and_o efelfre_n cantref_n y_fw-fr coed_n have_v these_o lhanhayaden_a and_o casteâ—_n gwys_n cantref_o penfro_n have_v these_o coed_n your_o haf_n maenor_n byâ—_n and_o penfro_n cantref_o rhos_n have_v these_o hulfforth_n castelh_n gwalch_n mai_fw-gr and_o ygarn_n cantref_o pubidioc_n have_v these_o mynyw_n pencaer_n anâ—_n pebidioc_fw-la cantref_o cemais_n have_v these_o vwchnefer_v isnefer_v anâ—_n trefdraeth_n in_o this_o part_n be_v divers_a town_n and_o havens_n at_o thiâ—_n day_n as_o pembroke_n tenby_n in_o welsh_a dynbegh-y-pyscâ—â—_a hereford-west_n in_o welsh_a hulfforth_n with_o the_o fair_a haven_n of_o milford_n call_v in_o welsh_a aberdaugledheâ—_n st._n david_n or_o menevia_n call_v in_o welsh_a mynyw_n the_o chief_a see_v in_o all_o wales_n then_o fiscard_v call_v abergwayn_n and_o newport_n name_v trefdraeth_n these_o be_v along_o the_o sea-coast_n or_o not_o very_o far_o off_o beside_o these_o â—â—ere_o be_v divers_a castle_n as_o cilgerran_n arberth_n gwys_n â—â—anhayaden_a walwyn_n and_o divers_a other_o this_o part_n be_v â—on_n first_o by_o the_o montgomery_n earl_n of_o shrewsbury_n and_o â—â—ter_v give_v to_o the_o marshal_n and_o so_o to_o valence_n and_o from_o â—ence_n be_v the_o prince_n of_o wales_n most_o trouble_v with_o â—â—e_v norman_n and_o fleming_n who_o do_v remain_v and_o inâ—â—bit_n about_o tenby_n pembroke_n and_o rhos_n to_o this_o day_n â—hich_v can_v neither_o welsh_a nor_o good_a english_a as_o yet_o â—â—fed_v for_o so_o will_v i_o call_v it_o hereafter_o have_v on_o the_o â—â—e_z west_n and_o north_n the_o irish_a sea_n upon_o the_o south_n the_o â—anish_a sea_n and_o upon_o the_o east_n caermardhyn-shire_n use_v on_o the_o north-east_n cardiganshire_n the_o three_o â—â—rt_n be_v caermardhyn-shire_n have_v four_o cantred_n caermardhyn_n caermardhyn_n use_v fifteen_o comot_n as_o cantref_o finâ—oc_n with_o the_o coâ—ots_n of_o harfâ—yn_n derfedh_fw-mi and_o isgeneny_n cantref_o eginoc_n with_o these_o gwyr_n now_o in_o glamorganâ—â—â—re_n cydweli_n and_o carnwilheon_n cantref_o bachan_n with_o these_o malhaen_n caeo_n and_o â—â—aenor_n deilo_n cantref_o mawr_z with_o these_o cethineoc_n comot_n mabelfyw_n â—omot_n mabvchdryd_n and_o wydigada_n in_o this_o shire_n be_v the_o â—owns_n and_o castle_n of_o caermardhyn_n dynefowr_n which_o be_v â—â—e_v prince_n seat_n of_o the_o country_n newtown_n lhandeilo_n â—â—anymdhyfri_fw-la emlyn_n swansey_n now_o in_o glamorganâ—â—â—re_n call_v in_o welsh_a abertawy_n upon_o the_o sea_n the_o â—â—stle_n of_o the_o son_n of_o vchtryd_v of_o lhanstephan_n and_o â—â—â—ers_n it_o have_v upon_o the_o west_n dyfe_v or_o pembrokeshire_n 〈◊〉_d the_o north_n cardiganshire_n upon_o the_o south-west_n 〈◊〉_d sea_n and_o upon_o the_o southeast_n glamorgan_n and_o on_o the_o east_n brecknockshire_n this_o be_v count_v the_o strong_a part_n of_o all_o south-wales_n as_o that_o which_o be_v â—â—l_o of_o high_a mountain_n great_a wood_n and_o fair_a river_n special_o tywy_a in_o this_o and_o in_o the_o other_o two_o part_n 〈◊〉_d south-wales_n be_v the_o notable_a act_n that_o this_o hiâ—â—â—ry_n treat_v of_o achieve_v and_o do_v the_o four_o call_v morganwe_v now_o glamorgan-shire_n morganwc_n morganwc_n contain_v four_o cantred_n with_o fifteen_o comot_n as_o cantref_o cron_v with_o these_o comot_n rwngn_v ac_fw-la afan_n 〈◊〉_d your_o hwndrwd_n and_o maenor_n glynogwr_n cantref_o pennythen_n with_o these_o meyscyn_n glynrhodny_n â—aenor_n talafan_n and_o maenor_n ruthyn_n cantref_o brenhinol_n with_o these_o cibowr_n senghennyth_n vwchcaeth_n and_o iscaeth_n cantref_o gwentlhwg_n which_o be_v now_o in_o monmouthshire_n with_o these_o comot_n y_fw-fr rhardh_fw-mi ganol_n and_o eithafdylygion_n in_o this_o part_n be_v these_o town_n and_o castle_n lhandaf_n the_o bishop_n see_v caerdyffe_n call_v caerdhyf_n cowbridge_n call_v in_o welsh_a y_fw-fr bont_fw-fr faen_fw-mi which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v stone-bridge_n lantwyd_n caerffyli_n and_o other_o and_o have_v divers_a river_n which_o run_v to_o the_o south-sea_n as_o lay_v taf_n tawy_n neth_n afan_n ogwr_n and_o lhychwr_n it_o have_v on_o the_o south_n the_o sea_n of_o severn_n which_o divide_v it_o from_o devon-shire_n and_o cornwall_n upon_o the_o west_n and_o north-west_n caermardhyn-shire_n upon_o the_o north_n east_n brecknockshire_n and_o upon_o the_o east_n monmouth-shire_n of_o this_o you_o shall_v read_v very_o little_a for_o one_o jestyn_n be_v chief_a of_o the_o country_n and_o have_v war_n with_o his_o neighbour_n call_v one_o robert_n fitzhamâ—â—_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o stranger_n to_o his_o succour_n which_o after_o they_o have_v achieve_v the_o enterprise_n like_v so_o well_o the_o country_n that_o they_o find_v occasion_n to_o falâ—_n out_o with_o jestyn_n and_o inhabit_v the_o country_n themselves_o and_o their_o heir_n to_o this_o day_n the_o five_o part_n be_v call_v gwent_n and_o now_o in_o monmouth_n shire_n which_o have_v three_o cantred_n and_o ten_o comot_n as_o cantref_n ggo_v which_o have_v these_o comot_n y_o mynyth_n iscoed_n lhefnydh_n and_o tref_o y_o grug_n cantref_o iscoed_n these_o brynbuga_n vwchcoed_n y_fw-fr teirtref_n and_o erge_v ac_fw-la ewyas_fw-la now_o in_o hereford-shire_n cantref_o côch_n be_v the_o seven_o cantre_v of_o morganwc_n which_o be_v now_o in_o gloucestershire_n and_o be_v call_v the_o forest_n of_o dean_n in_o this_o part_n be_v the_o ancient_a city_n of_o caerlheon_n upoâ—_n vsk_n where_o be_v the_o archbishops_n see_v of_o wales_n here_o be_v also_o divers_a town_n and_o castle_n as_o chepstow_n glyâ—_n strigul_n rhos_n tyntern_n upon_o the_o river_n why_o there_o be_v also_o newport_n call_v y_o castelh_n newydh_n vysc_n call_v brynbuga_n grosmont_n raglan_n white-castle_n abergefenny_n and_o many_o other_o this_o be_v a_o fair_a and_o a_o fertile_a country_n oâ—_n which_o likewise_o the_o gentleman_n be_v never_o obedient_a to_o their_o prince_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o own_o destruction_n it_o have_v on_o the_o west_n glamorgan_n and_o brecknock-shire_n upon_o the_o north_n hereford-shire_n upon_o â—â—e_z east_n gloucestershire_n with_o the_o river_n why_o and_o upon_o â—â—e_z south_n and_o southeast_n severn_n last_o of_o all_o come_v brecheinoc_n now_o brecknockshire_n brecheinoc_n brecheinoc_n â—hich_v have_v three_o cantred_n and_o eight_o comot_n as_o
let_v but_o that_o courage_n and_o those_o arm_n make_v we_o conqueror_n and_o we_o shall_v refuse_v no_o service_n you_o shall_v please_v to_o impose_v to_o this_o message_n the_o saxon_n return_v this_o short_a answer_n assure_v yourselves_o the_o saxon_n will_v be_v true_a friend_n to_o the_o britain_n and_o as_o such_o shall_v be_v always_o ready_a both_o to_o relieve_v their_o necessity_n and_o to_o advance_v their_o interest_n the_o saxon_n be_v thus_o happy_o court_v to_o what_o themselves_o have_v a_o thousand_o time_n wish_v for_o arrive_v soon_o after_o in_o britain_n in_o three_o galley_n call_v in_o their_o own_o language_n kiule_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o two_o brethren_n hengist_n and_o horsa_n be_v honourable_o receive_v by_o the_o king_n and_o affectionate_o treat_v by_o the_o people_n their_o faith_n be_v give_v of_o both_o side_n the_o saxon_n stipulate_v to_o defend_v the_o britain_n country_n and_o the_o britain_n to_o give_v the_o saxon_n a_o satisfactory_a reward_n for_o all_o the_o pain_n and_o danger_n they_o shall_v undergo_v upon_o their_o account_n at_o first_o the_o saxon_n show_v themselves_o very_o diligent_a in_o their_o employment_n and_o successful_o repel_v the_o scot_n and_o pict_n who_o be_v probable_o ignorant_a of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o fear_v no_o opposition_n bold_o advance_v to_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o country_n but_o when_o the_o saxon_n become_v better_o acquaint_v with_o the_o island_n and_o happy_o discover_v the_o weakness_n and_o inability_n of_o the_o britain_n under_o pretence_n that_o their_o pay_n be_v not_o answerable_a to_o their_o service_n and_o desert_n they_o quarrel_v with_o the_o britain_n and_o instead_o of_o support_v they_o according_a to_o oath_n enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o their_o enemy_n the_o scot_n moreover_o hengist_n perceive_v with_o who_o he_o have_v to_o do_v send_v over_o to_o acquaint_v his_o countryman_n with_o the_o beauty_n and_o fertility_n of_o the_o island_n the_o infirmity_n and_o effeminacy_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n invite_v they_o to_o be_v sharer_n of_o his_o future_a success_n and_o expectation_n to_o his_o invitation_n they_o ready_o comply_v and_o sail_v over_o in_o great_a number_n they_o think_v to_o take_v possession_n of_o that_o country_n which_o fortune_n promise_v shall_v be_v their_o own_o but_o they_o must_v fight_v for_o it_o first_o the_o britain_n be_v resolve_v to_o the_o last_o to_o defend_v themselves_o and_o their_o country_n against_o these_o treacherous_a practice_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o if_o possible_a to_o drive_v they_o to_o their_o primitive_a habitation_n for_o when_o the_o britain_n become_v sensible_a of_o the_o undermine_a aim_n of_o the_o saxon_n how_o they_o secret_o endeavour_v the_o total_a extirpation_n of_o the_o british_a nation_n they_o present_o betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o sword_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n become_v signal_o famous_a for_o their_o valour_n and_o conduct_n this_o the_o saxon_n afterward_o grievous_o feel_v though_o the_o total_a recovery_n of_o britain_n prove_v impracticable_a for_o want_v of_o power_n the_o saxon_n have_v by_o massacre_n and_o other_o treacherous_a mean_n most_o unmerciful_o lessen_v the_o force_n and_o number_n of_o the_o britain_n king_n vortigern_n love_v his_o ease_n too_o well_o to_o observe_v their_o practice_n and_o beside_o become_v so_o foolish_o enamour_a with_o the_o daughter_n of_o hengist_n which_o purposely_o be_v lay_v to_o entrap_v he_o that_o the_o saxon_a upon_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o marriage_n begin_v to_o carve_v for_o himself_o and_o during_o vortigern_n reign_n lay_v so_o firm_a a_o foundation_n for_o the_o saxon_a conquest_n that_o the_o succeed_a british_a king_n though_o famous_o valiant_a can_v never_o undermine_v it_o this_o sottishness_n of_o his_o father_n young_a vortimer_n can_v not_o at_o length_n endure_v to_o see_v himself_o and_o his_o country_n so_o open_o and_o shameful_o impose_v upon_o by_o stranger_n and_o therefore_o he_o resolve_v to_o take_v the_o british_a government_n upon_o himself_o and_o to_o endeavour_v the_o universal_a expulsion_n of_o the_o saxon_n with_o he_o the_o british_a nobility_n willing_o join_v and_o after_o several_a famous_a victory_n over_o the_o saxon_n he_o be_v unhappy_o poison_v by_o a_o saxon_a lady_n after_o he_o the_o britain_n brave_o defend_v themselves_o against_o the_o prevail_a greatness_n of_o the_o saxon_n under_o these_o valiant_a prince_n aurelius_n ambrose_n uter_n pendragon_n arthur_n constantine_n ii_o aurelius_n conanus_fw-la vortiper_n and_o maelgon_n to_o he_o succeed_v careticus_fw-la in_o who_o time_n the_o saxon_n aspire_v to_o a_o total_a conquest_n of_o britain_n invite_v over_o one_o gurmundus_fw-la a_o norwegian_a pirate_n who_o have_v late_o signalise_v himself_o in_o ireland_n and_o obtain_v a_o conquest_n over_o that_o kingdom_n he_o they_o employ_v to_o march_v against_o careticus_fw-la who_o be_v overcome_v and_o vanquish_v by_o he_o the_o britain_n be_v force_v some_o to_o retire_v beyond_o the_o river_n severn_n and_o dee_n some_o to_o cornwall_n and_o the_o rest_n to_o little_a britain_n in_o france_n the_o british_a affair_n be_v now_o bring_v very_o low_a and_o their_o government_n reduce_v within_o a_o very_a narrow_a compass_n so_o that_o the_o title_n of_o the_o king_n of_o britain_n can_v be_v but_o superficial_o attribute_v to_o the_o succeed_a prince_n cadwan_n cadwallan_n and_o cadwallader_n cadwallader_n cadwallader_n surname_v bbendige_v or_o the_o bless_a be_v the_o last_o of_o british_a race_n that_o enjoy_v the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o britain_n after_o he_o the_o welsh_a who_o be_v the_o most_o numerous_a remain_v of_o the_o britain_n disdain_v to_o own_o any_o subjection_n to_o the_o oppress_a saxon_n set_v up_o a_o new_a government_n among_o themselves_o and_o alter_v the_o style_n of_o british_a king_n to_o that_o of_o prince_n of_o wales_n but_o whilst_o cadwallader_n rule_v in_o britain_n a_o very_a severe_a famine_n attend_v with_o a_o rage_a pestilence_n which_o assure_o spring_v from_o the_o continue_a war_n which_o be_v so_o eager_o carry_v on_o betwixt_o the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n happen_v in_o the_o island_n which_o occasion_v a_o most_o lamentable_a mortality_n among_o his_o subject_n insomuch_o that_o he_o be_v compel_v together_o with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o nobility_n and_o other_o to_o retire_v for_o refuge_n to_o his_o cousin_n alan_n king_n of_o lhydaw_n or_o little_a britain_n in_o france_n there_o he_o be_v sure_a to_o meet_v with_o all_o civility_n suitable_a to_o his_o quality_n and_o condition_n as_o well_o because_o of_o his_o own_o near_a relation_n and_o consanguinity_n to_o alan_n as_o upon_o the_o account_n that_o their_o subject_n be_v original_o one_o and_o the_o same_o people_n for_o the_o britain_n of_o france_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 384._o go_v over_o out_o of_o this_o island_n under_o the_o command_n of_o conan_n lord_n of_o meriadoc_n to_o the_o aid_n of_o maximus_n the_o tyrant_n against_o the_o emperor_n gratianus_n for_o this_o service_n maximus_n grant_v to_o conan_n and_o his_o follower_n the_o country_n of_o armorica_n where_o the_o britain_n have_v drive_v out_o the_o former_a inhabitant_n seat_v themselves_o and_o erect_v a_o kingdom_n which_o last_v for_o many_o year_n under_o several_a king_n who_o name_n and_o succession_n be_v as_o follow_v the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o armorican_a king_n 1._o conan_n meriadoc_n 2._o gradlonus_fw-la 3._o solomon_n i._n 4._o auldranus_fw-la 5._o bâ—â—â—ous_a i._n 6._o hoâ—â—lus_fw-la magnus_fw-la 7._o howâ—lus_n ii_o 8._o alâ—mâ—_n i._n 9_o hoâ—â—lus_fw-la iii_o â—0_n cilâ—uâ—llus_n â—1_n solomon_n ii_o â—2_n alanâ—â—_n ii_o 13._o conobertus_fw-la 14._o budicus_n ii_o 15._o theodoricus_n 16._o rubalhonus_n 17._o daniel_n dremrost_n i._n e._n rubicunda_fw-la fancy_n 18._o aregstanus_fw-la 19_o maconus_n 20._o neomenius_n 21._o haruspogius_fw-la 22._o solomon_n iii_o alan_n ii_o then_o reign_v in_o little_a britain_n when_o cadâ—alader_n be_v force_v to_o forsake_v his_o own_o dominion_n â—nd_v to_o retire_v beyond_o the_o sea_n he_o be_v descend_v â—â—om_n ruâ—â—_n the_o son_n of_o mailgon_n gwyneth_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n by_o a_o daughter_n marry_v to_o howel_n the_o second_o king_n of_o little_a britain_n this_o kingdom_n remain_v â—â—rm_n till_o solomon_n iii_o who_o be_v treacherous_o slay_v â—y_a his_o own_o subject_n upon_o which_o unlucky_a accident_n â—he_v kingdom_n be_v convert_v to_o a_o earldom_n whereof_o â—ne_a alan_n be_v the_o first_o a_o valiant_a and_o warlike_a prince_n who_o stout_o resist_v the_o norman_n and_o frequent_o vanquish_v and_o overcome_v they_o but_o after_o that_o cadwallader_n have_v continue_v some_o time_n with_o alan_n the_o plague_n be_v abate_v in_o britain_n he_o purpose_v to_o return_v and_o if_o possible_a to_o recover_v that_o â—art_n of_o his_o kingdom_n which_o the_o saxon_n be_v now_o in_o possession_n of_o he_o receive_v frequent_a intelligence_n of_o â—heir_a number_n and_o
fight_v withâ—â—_n and_o rahald_v be_v slay_v and_o the_o rest_n compel_v to_o â—â—swear_v the_o king_n land_n and_o never_o to_o return_v any_o â—ore_o to_o england_n king_n edward_n to_o prevent_v any_o fuâ—â—re_a disturbance_n from_o such_o open_a invader_n cause_v a_o â—â—rong_a army_n to_o be_v quarter_v upon_o the_o south_n side_n of_o â—â—vern_n but_o the_o dane_n for_o all_o he_o can_v do_v enter_v â—â—vice_n into_o his_o country_n once_o at_o werd_n and_o then_o at_o â—ortogan_n but_o be_v both_o time_n overthrow_v by_o the_o â—nglish_fw-fr from_o thence_o they_o depart_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o â—â—epen_v whence_o they_o be_v force_v by_o hunger_n to_o sail_v to_o â—outh_n wales_n intend_v to_o make_v a_o considerable_a prey_n of_o â—hat_n country_n but_o fail_v of_o their_o aim_n they_o be_v constrain_v to_o make_v the_o best_a of_o their_o way_n for_o ireland_n but_o the_o next_o year_n a_o party_n of_o dane_n fight_v a_o very_a â—evere_a battle_n with_o the_o kentish-man_n at_o holm_n but_o which_o of_o they_o obtain_v the_o victory_n be_v not_o certain_o â—eported_v about_o the_o same_o time_n anarawd_n prince_n of_o a.d._n 913_o north_n wales_n died_z leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n edwal_n foel_n and_o elis_n and_o some_o say_v a_o three_o name_v meyric_n edwal_n foel_n after_o the_o death_n of_o anarawd_n his_o elder_a son_n edwal_n foel_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n of_o north-wales_n howel_n dha_n hold_v the_o principality_n of_o southwales_n and_o powis_n at_o what_o time_n a_o terrible_a comet_n appear_v in_o the_o heaven_n the_o same_o year_n the_o city_n of_o chester_n which_o have_v be_v destroy_v by_o the_o dane_n be_v by_o the_o procurement_n of_o elfleda_n new_o build_v and_o repair_v as_o the_o ancient_a record_n of_o that_o city_n do_v â—â—stifie_v this_o in_o the_o ancient_a copy_n be_v call_v leycestâ—â—_n by_o a_o easy_a mistake_n for_o legecestria_fw-la or_o chester_n callâ—â—_n by_o the_o roman_n legionum_fw-la cestria_fw-la the_o next_o summer_n the_o man_n of_o dublin_n cruel_o destroy_v the_o isle_n 〈◊〉_d anglesey_n and_o soon_o after_o clydawe_n the_o son_n of_o caâ—â—â—_n be_v unnatural_o slay_v by_o his_o brother_n meyric_n about_o tâ—â—_n same_o time_n that_o the_o dane_n receive_v a_o cruel_a overthroâ—â—_n by_o the_o english_a at_o tottenhale_n but_o elfleda_n do_v 〈◊〉_d long_o survive_v the_o rebuild_n of_o the_o city_n of_o chester_n a_o woman_n of_o singular_a virtue_n and_o one_o that_o greaâ—â—â—_n strengthen_v the_o kingdom_n of_o mercia_n by_o build_v of_o town_n and_o castle_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o tâ—â—_n danes_n as_o strengat_fw-la and_o bruge_n by_o the_o forest_n 〈◊〉_d morph_n tamworth_n stafford_n edelburgh_n cherenburgâ—_n wadeburgh_n and_o runcofe_n after_o this_o she_o enter_v wâ—â—_n her_o whole_a army_n into_o wales_n wan_a brecknock_n 〈◊〉_d take_v the_o queen_n with_o 33_o of_o her_o man_n prisoner_n which_v in_o welch_n be_v call_v gwaith_n y_o ddinas_fw-la newydh_n 〈◊〉_d the_o battle_n of_o the_o new_a city_n from_o hence_o she_o march_v for_o derby_n which_o she_o take_v from_o the_o dane_n losâ—_n only_o four_o of_o her_o chief_a commander_n in_o the_o action_n the_o occasion_n of_o these_o two_o expedition_n according_a 〈◊〉_d some_o be_v this_o huganus_n lord_n of_o west_n wales_n perceive_v king_n edward_n to_o be_v unavoidable_o busy_a in_o thâ—_n danish_n war_n gather_v a_o army_n of_o britain_n and_o â—â—tring_v into_o england_n destroy_v the_o king_n countâ—â—_n upon_o the_o news_n of_o this_o elfleda_n come_v to_o wales_n witâ—_n a_o great_a army_n fight_v with_o the_o welsh_a at_o breek_n and_o put_v huganus_n to_o flight_n take_v his_o wife_n anâ—_n some_o of_o his_o man_n prisoner_n who_o she_o carry_v wiâ—â—_n she_o to_o mercia_n huganus_n be_v thus_o defeat_v flee_v 〈◊〉_d derby_n and_o be_v there_o kind_o receive_v join_v himself_o with_o the_o king_n enemy_n the_o dane_n elfleda_n be_v certify_v of_o that_o follow_v he_o with_o her_o army_n but_o in_o storm_v the_o gate_n of_o the_o town_n have_v four_o 〈◊〉_d her_o best_a officer_n kill_v by_o huganus_n but_o gwyane_a loâ—_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n her_o steward_n set_v fire_n to_o thâ—_n gate_n furious_o run_v upon_o the_o britain_n and_o entereâ—_n the_o town_n upon_o which_o haganus_n perceive_v himself_o to_o be_v overmatched_a choose_v rather_o to_o fall_v by_o the_o sword_n â—â—an_z cowardly_a to_o yield_v himself_o to_o a_o woman_n the_o â—ext_a year_n elfleda_n lay_v siege_n to_o the_o city_n of_o leicester_n which_o be_v quick_o surrender_v and_o the_o dane_n thereâ—â—_n perfect_o subdue_v the_o fame_n of_o these_o several_a action_n be_v noise_v abroad_o her_o neighbour_n become_v somewhat_o fearful_a and_o timorous_a and_o the_o yorkshireâ—â—n_n voluntary_o do_v her_o homage_n and_o proffer_v their_o service_n she_o die_v at_o tamworth_n after_o eight_o year_n â—ule_a over_o mercia_n and_o lie_v bury_v at_o gloucester_n by_o s._n peter_n after_o the_o death_n of_o elfleda_n king_n edward_n most_o ungrateful_o disinherit_v her_o daughter_n alfwyen_v and_o entere_v into_o mercia_n seize_v all_o the_o land_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n upon_o pretence_n that_o she_o without_o his_o knowledge_n who_o her_o mother_n have_v appoint_v her_o guardian_n have_v privy_o promise_v and_o contract_a marriage_n with_o reynald_n king_n of_o the_o dane_n but_o this_o unâ—ust_n and_o unnatural_a action_n of_o king_n edward_n may_v possible_o bring_v upon_o he_o those_o vehement_a trouble_n which_o present_o ensue_v upon_o it_o for_o leofr_v a_o dane_n â—nd_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madoc_n brother_n in_o law_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o west_n wales_n come_v from_o ireland_n with_o a_o great_a army_n to_o snowdon_n and_o mind_v to_o bring_v all_o wales_n and_o the_o march_n thereof_o to_o their_o subjection_n overran_a and_o subdue_v all_o the_o country_n to_o chester_n before_o king_n edward_n be_v certify_v of_o their_o arrival_n whereat_o be_v sore_o offend_v and_o loath_a to_o trouble_v his_o subject_n for_o help_n vow_v that_o himself_o and_o his_o son_n with_o their_o single_a force_n will_v be_v revenge_v upon_o leofred_n and_o gruffydh_n and_o thereupon_o march_v to_o chester_n force_v the_o city_n from_o they_o then_o he_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o too_o battle_n whereof_o he_o and_o his_o son_n ethelstan_n lead_v the_o first_o edmund_z and_o edred_n the_o second_o and_o follow_v they_o so_o close_o that_o he_o overtake_v they_o at_o the_o forest_n of_o walewode_n now_o sherwode_n where_o leofred_n and_o gruffydh_n set_v upon_o they_o so_o fierce_o that_o the_o king_n at_o first_o be_v in_o some_o danger_n until_o athelstane_n step_v in_o and_o wound_v the_o dane_n in_o the_o arm_n in_o that_o manner_n that_o be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o hold_v his_o spear_n the_o be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o commit_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o atholstâ—ne_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n edmund_n and_o edred_n encounter_v with_o gruffydh_n slay_v he_o and_o bring_v his_o head_n to_o their_o father_n and_o leofreds_n head_n be_v likewise_o cut_v off_o they_o be_v both_o set_v up_o upon_o the_o town_n of_o chester_n and_o than_o edward_n together_o with_o his_o son_n victorious_o return_v home_o but_o king_n edward_n have_v a.d._n 924_o build_v glademutham_n soon_o after_o this_o die_v at_o farandon_n and_o his_o son_n alfred_n the_o same_o time_n at_o oxford_n and_o be_v both_o bury_v at_o winchester_n edward_n be_v dead_a his_o base_a son_n athelstane_n for_o many_o excellent_a virtue_n appear_v in_o he_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o crown_n the_o worthy_a prince_n of_o the_o saxon_a blood_n that_o ever_o reign_v he_o overcome_v cudfryd_n the_o father_n of_o raynald_n king_n of_o the_o dane_n at_o york_n and_o be_v invade_v by_o hawlaf_n king_n of_o ireland_n who_o with_o all_o the_o power_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o dane_n march_v against_o he_o give_v he_o battle_n at_o brimestbury_n and_o obtain_v a_o very_a notorious_a victory_n king_n hawlaf_n together_o with_o the_o king_n of_o the_o scot_n five_o king_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o norman_n be_v slay_v upon_o the_o spot_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o england_n and_o scotland_n become_v subject_a to_o he_o which_o none_o of_o his_o predecessor_n a.d._n 933_o ever_o attempt_v sometime_o after_o owen_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o man_n of_o cardigan_n and_o then_o athelstane_n enter_v with_o his_o army_n into_o wales_n force_v the_o prince_n thereof_o to_o pay_v a_o yearly_a tribute_n of_o 20_o l._n in_o gold_n 300_o l._n in_o silver_n and_o 200_o head_n of_o cattle_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v not_o observe_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o law_n of_o howel_n dha_n wherein_o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o the_o prince_n of_o aberffraw_n shall_v pay_v no_o more_o to_o the_o king_n of_o london_n than_o 66_o l._n tribute_n and_o that_o the_o prince_n of_o dinefawr_n and_o powis_n shall_v
reply_v it_o be_v not_o so_o wonderful_a for_o although_o say_v he_o we_o have_v violent_o and_o injurious_o oppress_v that_o nation_n yet_o it_o be_v manifest_o know_v that_o they_o be_v the_o lawful_a and_o original_a inheritor_n of_o that_o country_n but_o whilst_o the_o norman_n be_v thus_o carve_v for_o themselves_o in_o glamorgan_n and_o brecnock_n cadogan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o april_n enter_v into_o dyve_v and_o have_v ravage_v and_o destroy_v the_o country_n return_v back_o but_o within_o eight_o week_n after_o there_o succeed_v he_o a_o more_o fatal_a enemy_n for_o the_o norman_n land_v in_o dyve_v and_o cardigan_n begin_v to_o fortify_v themselves_o in_o castle_n and_o other_o strong_a place_n and_o to_o inhabit_v the_o country_n upon_o the_o seashore_n which_o before_o be_v not_o in_o their_o possession_n indeed_o the_o norman_n have_v by_o the_o connivance_n of_o the_o conqueror_n already_o get_v into_o their_o hand_n all_o the_o best_a estate_n in_o england_n begin_v now_o to_o spy_v out_o the_o commodity_n of_o wales_n and_o perceive_v moreover_o how_o brave_o robert_n fitzhamon_n and_o barnard_n newmarch_n have_v speed_v there_o think_v they_o may_v as_o well_o expect_v the_o like_a fortune_n wherefore_o have_v obtain_v a_o grant_n from_o king_n william_n who_o ready_o consent_v to_o their_o request_n because_o by_o this_o mean_v he_o kill_v two_o bird_n with_o one_o stone_n procure_v to_o himself_o their_o utmost_a service_n upon_o occasion_n and_o withal_o provide_v for_o they_o without_o any_o charge_n to_o himself_o they_o come_v to_o wales_n and_o so_o enter_v upon_o the_o estate_n appoint_v they_o by_o the_o king_n which_o they_o hold_v of_o he_o by_o knight-service_n have_v first_o do_v homage_n and_o swear_a fealty_n for_o the_o same_o roger_n montgomery_n earl_n of_o arundel_n do_v homage_n for_o the_o lordship_n of_o powis_n and_o card_n begin_v hugh_n lupus_n earl_n of_o chester_n for_o tegengl_n and_o râ—fonioc_n together_o with_o all_o the_o land_n lie_v upon_o the_o sea_n shore_n to_o the_o river_n câ—nwey_n arnulph_n a_o young_a son_n of_o roger_n montgomery_n for_o dyve_v barnard_n newmarch_n for_o brecnock_n ralph_n mortimer_n for_o eluel_n hugh_z de_fw-fr lacie_n for_o the_o land_n of_o ewyas_n eustace_n omer_n for_o mold_n and_o hapredale_n and_o several_a other_o do_v the_o like_a homage_n for_o other_o land_n but_o roger_n montgomery_n who_o by_o the_o conqueror_n be_v create_v earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o shrewsbury_n enter_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n into_o powys-land_n and_o have_v win_v the_o castle_n and_o town_n of_o baldwyn_n fortify_v it_o in_o his_o own_o right_n and_o call_v it_o montgomery_n after_o his_o own_o name_n king_n william_n of_o england_n be_v now_o in_o normandy_n and_o busy_o engage_v in_o a_o war_n against_o his_o brother_n robert_n by_o the_o advantage_n of_o who_o absence_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n and_o cadogan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n who_o now_o rule_v in_o south_n wales_n with_o joint_a force_n enter_v into_o cardigan_n and_o slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o norman_n who_o pride_n and_o excessive_a cruelty_n towards_o the_o welsh_a be_v altogether_o intolerable_a but_o after_o sufficient_a execution_n there_o be_v return_v home_o the_o norman_n send_v for_o more_o aid_n from_o england_n which_o be_v arrive_v they_o think_v to_o make_v a_o private_a inroad_n into_o north-wales_n and_o so_o to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o the_o welsh_a but_o their_o design_n be_v happy_o discover_v to_o cadogan_n he_o draw_v up_o his_o force_n to_o meet_v they_o and_o then_o unexpected_o set_v upon_o they_o in_o the_o forest_n of_o yspys_n after_o a_o very_a warm_a resistment_n of_o the_o norman_n side_n force_v they_o to_o retire_v by_o slight_a and_o then_o triumphant_o march_v through_o cardigan_n and_o dyve_v he_o destroy_v all_o the_o castle_n and_o fortification_n in_o the_o country_n beside_o pembrock_n and_o rydcor_n which_o prove_v too_o strong_a and_o impregnable_a a.d._n 1093_o the_o next_o year_n the_o norman_n who_o inhabit_v the_o country_n of_o glamorgan_n fall_v upon_o and_o destroy_v the_o country_n of_o gwyr_n kidwely_n and_o ysâ—â—âd_o tywy_a which_o they_o harrass_v in_o such_o a_o cruel_a manner_n that_o they_o leave_v they_o bare_a of_o any_o people_n to_o inhabit_v and_o to_o increase_v as_o it_o be_v think_v the_o misery_n of_o the_o welsh_a king_n william_n rufus_n be_v inform_v of_o the_o great_a slaughter_n which_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n and_o the_o son_n of_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n have_v late_o commit_v upon_o the_o english_a as_o well_o within_o cheshire_n shropshire_n worcestershire_n and_o herefordshire_n as_o within_o wales_n enter_v the_o country_n at_o montgomery_n which_o place_n the_o welsh_a have_v sometime_o since_o demolish_v king_n william_n late_o rebuilt_a but_o the_o welsh_a keep_v all_o the_o passage_n through_o the_o wood_n and_o river_n and_o all_o other_o strait_n so_o close_o that_o the_o king_n can_v effect_v nothing_o considerable_a against_o they_o and_o therefore_o when_o he_o perceive_v that_o his_o labour_n be_v but_o lose_v in_o continue_v in_o those_o part_n he_o forthwith_o decamp_v and_o return_v with_o no_o great_a honour_n back_o to_o england_n but_o this_o retreat_n of_o king_n william_n be_v not_o altogether_o so_o favourable_a to_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o a.d._n 1094_o welsh_a as_o the_o death_n of_o william_n fitz-baldwyn_n who_o be_v owner_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o rydcor_n and_o do_v the_o great_a mischief_n and_o hurt_n to_o the_o south-wales_n man_n of_o any_o other_o he_o be_v dead_a the_o garrison_n of_o rydcor_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o keep_v the_o welsh_a in_o continual_a a_o we_o forsake_v that_o place_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n give_v opportunity_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o gwyr_n brecnock_n gwent_n and_o gwentlhwe_v to_o shake_v off_o that_o intolerable_a yoke_n the_o norman_n force_v upon_o they_o who_o after_o they_o have_v robe_v they_o of_o their_o land_n keep_v they_o in_o perpetual_a subjection_n but_o now_o william_n fitz-baldwyn_n be_v dead_a and_o the_o garrison_n of_o rydcor_n scatter_v they_o venture_v to_o lay_v violent_a hand_n upon_o the_o norman_n who_o think_v themselves_o free_a from_o all_o fear_n and_o prevail_v so_o successful_o that_o they_o drive_v they_o all_o out_o of_o the_o country_n and_o recover_v their_o own_o ancient_a estate_n but_o the_o norman_n like_v that_o country_n so_o well_o that_o they_o be_v resolve_v not_o to_o be_v so_o easy_o befool_v out_o of_o what_o they_o have_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n and_o danger_n once_o possess_v and_o therefore_o have_v draw_v a_o great_a number_n of_o english_a and_o norman_n to_o their_o aid_n they_o be_v desirous_a to_o venture_v another_o touch_n with_o the_o welsh_a and_o to_o return_v if_o possible_a to_o their_o once_o acquire_v habitation_n but_o the_o welsh_a so_o abhor_v their_o pride_n and_o tyrannical_a dominion_n over_o they_o when_o they_o be_v master_n that_o they_o be_v resolve_v not_o to_o â—e_v subject_a to_o such_o tyrant_n again_o and_o therefore_o they_o â—oldly_o meet_v they_o at_o a_o place_n call_v celly_n jarfawc_n and_o â—et_v upon_o they_o so_o manful_o the_o very_a apprehension_n of_o servitude_n whet_v their_o spirit_n that_o they_o put_v they_o â—o_o flight_n with_o great_a slaughter_n and_o drive_v they_o out_o of_o â—he_n country_n the_o norman_n however_o be_v not_o so_o absolute_o rout_v with_o this_o overthrow_n but_o like_o a_o fly_n in_o the_o night_n which_o destroy_v itself_o in_o the_o candle_n they_o must_v needs_o covet_v their_o own_o destruction_n their_o greediness_n egg_v they_o on_o to_o venture_v with_o few_o what_o be_v not_o practicable_a to_o be_v effect_v by_o many_o therefore_o they_o come_v as_o far_o as_o brecnock_v with_o this_o absolute_a â—ow_o and_o resolution_n not_o to_o leave_v one_o live_a thing_n remain_v in_o that_o country_n but_o they_o fall_v short_a of_o their_o policy_n the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n be_v remove_v to_o a_o narrow_a streight_n to_o expect_v their_o pass_v through_o whither_o the_o norman_n be_v advance_v they_o fall_v upon_o they_o and_o kill_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o about_o the_o same_o time_n roger_n montgomery_n earl_n of_o salop_n and_o arundel_n william_n fitzeustace_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n arnold_n de_fw-fr harecourt_n and_o neal_n le_fw-fr viscount_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o welsh_a between_o caerdà f_n and_o brecnock_v and_o walter_n eureux_fw-fr earl_n of_o sarum_n rosmer_n and_o mantiâ—ake_v hugh_n earl_n of_o gourney_n be_v wound_v who_o afterward_o die_v in_o normandy_n the_o norman_n find_v that_o they_o continual_o lose_v ground_n think_v it_o not_o advisable_v to_o stay_v any_o long_o and_o therefore_o have_v place_v sufficient_a garrison_n in_o those_o castle_n which_o they_o have_v former_o build_v they_o return_v with_o what_o speed_n they_o
wrongful_a and_o deceitful_a deal_n of_o king_n henry_n but_o know_v himself_o to_o be_v unable_a to_o redress_v these_o grievance_n he_o think_v it_o more_o advisible_a for_o a_o time_n to_o live_v quiet_o with_o a_o little_a than_o rash_o to_o hazard_v all_o but_o in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o have_v opportunity_n either_o to_o demand_v redress_n from_o the_o king_n or_o else_o to_o endeavour_v it_o himself_o by_o force_n of_o arms._n for_o as_o soon_o as_o roger_n earl_n of_o clare_n be_v inform_v of_o the_o distribution_n which_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v grant_v to_o prince_n rhys_n he_o come_v to_o king_n henry_n request_v of_o his_o majesty_n that_o he_o will_v grant_v he_o such_o land_n in_o wales_n as_o he_o can_v win_v by_o force_n of_o armâ—_n the_o king_n ready_o comply_v with_o his_o request_n be_v always_o very_o forward_o to_o grant_v any_o thing_n which_o seem_v to_o curb_v and_o discommode_v the_o welsh_a and_o therefore_o the_o earl_n of_o clare_n march_v with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o cardigan_n and_o have_v fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o ystratmeyric_a humphrey_n dyfi_n dynerth_n and_o lhanrhystyd_n he_o make_v several_a incursion_n into_o the_o country_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n walter_n clyfford_v who_o be_v governor_n of_o lhanymdhyfri_n castle_n make_v inroad_n into_o the_o territory_n of_o prince_n rhys_n and_o after_o he_o have_v slay_v several_a of_o the_o welsh_a and_o make_v great_a waste_n in_o the_o country_n return_v with_o considerable_a booty_n prince_n rhys_n as_o he_o be_v unable_a to_o bear_v these_o outrage_n so_o he_o be_v resolve_v either_o to_o have_v immediate_a redress_n or_o else_o to_o proclaim_v open_a war_n against_o the_o english_a and_o therefore_o he_o send_v a_o express_a to_o king_n henry_n complain_v of_o the_o hostility_n which_o his_o subject_n the_o earl_n of_o clare_n and_o walter_n clifford_n have_v commit_v in_o in_o his_o country_n but_o find_v the_o king_n to_o put_v he_o still_o off_o with_o only_a smooth_a word_n and_o fair_a promise_n and_o that_o he_o always_o wink_v at_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o english_a and_o norman_n without_o any_o far_a consultation_n about_o the_o matter_n he_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o lhanymdhyfri_n and_o in_o short_a time_n make_v himself_o matter_n of_o it_o also_o eineon_n the_o son_n of_o anarawd_n rhy_n brother_n son_n and_o a_o person_n of_o great_a valour_n be_v desirous_a to_o free_v his_o country_n from_o that_o miserable_a servitude_n they_o now_o groan_v under_o and_o judge_v withal_o that_o his_o uncle_n be_v now_o discharge_v from_o the_o oath_n he_o have_v late_o swear_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n sit_v before_o the_o castle_n of_o humphrey_n and_o have_v forcible_o make_v his_o entrance_n into_o it_o he_o put_v all_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n where_o he_o find_v a_o great_a number_n of_o horse_n and_o armour_n enough_o to_o arm_v a_o considerable_a body_n of_o man_n and_o whilst_o eineon_n be_v thus_o engage_v at_o humphrey_n castle_n prince_n rhys_n perceive_v that_o he_o can_v not_o enjoy_v any_o part_n of_o his_o inheritance_n but_o what_o he_o afterward_o get_v by_o the_o sword_n draw_v all_o his_o power_n together_o and_o enter_v cardigan_n where_o like_o a_o most_o violent_a torrent_n he_o overrun_v the_o country_n that_o he_o leave_v not_o one_o castle_n stand_v of_o those_o which_o his_o enemy_n have_v fortify_v and_o so_o bring_v all_o the_o country_n to_o his_o subjection_n king_n henry_n be_v sore_o offend_v at_o the_o progress_n which_o prince_n rhys_n so_o sudden_o make_v against_o he_o return_v with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o south-wales_n but_o find_v it_o to_o no_o purpose_n to_o attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o prince_n he_o think_v it_o more_o advisable_a to_o permit_v he_o to_o enjoy_v all_o that_o he_o have_v get_v and_o only_o to_o take_v hostage_n for_o his_o observe_v of_o peace_n during_o his_o absence_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o prince_n rhys_n promise_v to_o do_v he_o forthwith_o return_v to_o england_n and_o soon_o after_o go_v for_o normandy_n where_o he_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o french_a king_n a.d._n 1158_o but_o the_o year_n follow_v prince_n rhys_n of_o south-wales_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o his_o promise_n to_o king_n henry_n last_o year_n lead_v his_o force_n to_o dyfed_a and_o destroy_v all_o the_o castle_n that_o the_o norman_n have_v fortify_v in_o that_o country_n and_o then_o lay_v siege_n to_o caermardhyn_n but_o reynold_n earl_n of_o bristol_n the_o king_n be_v base_a son_n be_v inform_v of_o it_o call_v together_o the_o earl_n of_o clare_n his_o brother-in-law_n cadwallader_n prince_n owen_n of_o north-wales's_a brother_n howel_n and_o conan_n owen_n son_n with_o two_o earl_n more_o who_o with_o their_o joint_a force_n march_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n but_o prince_n rhys_n be_v wise_a than_o to_o abide_v their_o come_n and_o therefore_o upon_o the_o first_o intimation_n of_o such_o great_a opposition_n he_o retire_v to_o the_o mountain_n call_v cefn_n rester_fw-fr and_o there_o encamp_v be_v sufficient_o secure_a from_o any_o enemy_n by_o the_o natural_a fortification_n of_o the_o place_n the_o confederate_a army_n lie_v at_o dynwylhîr_n and_o there_o build_v a_o castle_n but_o find_v no_o news_n or_o tiding_n of_o prince_n rhys_n they_o return_v home_o without_o effect_v any_o thing_n of_o note_n king_n henry_n be_v still_o in_o normandy_n and_o there_o make_v war_n against_o the_o earl_n of_o st._n giles_n for_o the_o city_n and_o earldom_n of_o tholouse_n towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o this_o year_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n prince_n of_o powis_n die_v at_o winchester_n whence_o his_o body_n be_v honourable_o convey_v to_o powis_n and_o bury_v at_o myfod_n he_o be_v a_o prince_n very_o much_o affect_v to_o piety_n and_o religion_n very_o charitable_a to_o the_o necessitous_a and_o good_a to_o the_o distress_a but_o his_o great_a fault_n be_v that_o he_o stickle_v too_o hard_o for_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o english_a and_o be_v always_o in_o confederacy_n with_o king_n henry_n against_o the_o good_a success_n of_o his_o native_a country_n he_o have_v issue_n by_o his_o wife_n susanna_n the_o daughter_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n three_o son_n gruffydh_n maylor_n owen_n and_o elis_n and_o a_o daughter_n name_v mar_v he_o have_v also_o three_o natural_a son_n owen_n brogynton_n cynwric_n efelh_n and_o eineon_n efelh_n who_o though_o base_a bear_v yet_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o wales_n co-inherited_n with_o their_o brethren_n who_o be_v legitimate_a and_o here_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o once_o for_o all_o to_o give_v a_o particular_a account_n of_o the_o principality_n afterward_o the_o lordship_n of_o powis_n how_o it_o come_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o many_o share_n and_o portion_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n become_v so_o irrecoverable_o break_v and_o weaken_v that_o it_o be_v make_v subject_a to_o the_o norman_n before_o the_o rest_n of_o wales_n for_o powis_n before_o king_n offa_n time_n reach_v eastward_o to_o the_o river_n of_o severn_n and_o dee_n in_o a_o right_a line_n from_o the_o end_n of_o broxen_n hill_n to_o salop_n and_o comprehend_v all_o the_o country_n between_o the_o wye_n and_o severn_n which_o be_v ancient_o the_o estate_n of_o brochwel_n yscithroc_n of_o who_o mention_n be_v make_v before_o but_o after_o the_o make_n of_o offa_n dike_n powis_n be_v contract_v into_o a_o narrow_a compass_n the_o plain_a country_n towards_o salop_n be_v inhabit_v by_o saxon_n and_o norman_n so_o that_o the_o length_n of_o it_o reach_v north-east_n from_o pulford-bridge_n to_o lhangiric-parish_n on_o the_o confine_n of_o cardiganshire_n to_o the_o south-west_n and_o the_o breadth_n from_o the_o far_a part_n of_o cyfeilioc_n westward_n to_o elsmere_n on_o the_o east-side_n this_o principality_n roderic_n the_o great_a give_v to_o his_o young_a son_n merfyn_n in_o who_o posterity_n it_o remain_v entire_a till_o the_o death_n of_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n who_o though_o he_o have_v divide_v it_o betwixt_o his_o son_n meredith_n and_o cadwgan_n yet_o it_o come_v again_o whole_a and_o entire_a to_o the_o possession_n of_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n but_o he_o again_o break_v the_o union_n and_o leave_v it_o between_o his_o two_o son_n madawe_n and_o gruffydh_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v marry_v to_o susanna_n the_o daughter_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n and_o have_v with_o she_o that_o part_n afterward_o call_v by_o his_o name_n powis_n fadoc_n after_o his_o death_n this_o lordship_n be_v divide_v also_o betwixt_o his_o son_n gruffydh_n maelor_n owen_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n and_o owen_n brogynton_n which_o last_o though_o base_o bear_v have_v however_o for_o his_o incomparable_a valour_n and_o courage_n a_o share_n of_o his_o father_n estate_n namely_o
time_n and_o so_o return_v to_o england_n but_o lord_n james_n audley_n who_o daughter_n be_v marry_v to_o gruffydh_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n do_v more_o mischief_n and_o hurt_n to_o the_o welsh_a who_o have_v bring_v over_o a_o great_a number_n of_o horseman_n from_o germany_n to_o serve_v against_o the_o welsh_a so_o terrify_v they_o with_o the_o unusual_a largeness_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o unaccustomed_a manner_n of_o sight_v that_o in_o the_o first_o encounter_v the_o welsh_a be_v easy_o overcome_v buâ—_n mind_v to_o revenge_v this_o disgrace_n and_o withal_o be_v better_o acquaint_v with_o their_o method_n of_o arm_n the_o welsh_a in_o a_o little_a after_o make_v inroad_n into_o the_o lord_n audley_n land_n where_o the_o german_n present_o set_v upon_o they_o and_o pursue_v they_o to_o certain_a strait_n which_o the_o welsh_a discover_v for_o a_o politic_a retreat_n the_o german_n think_v they_o have_v entire_o drive_v the_o welsh_a away_o return_v careless_o back_o but_o be_v set_v upon_o of_o the_o sudden_a without_o any_o thought_n of_o a_o enemy_n behind_o they_o be_v all_o in_o a_o manner_n slay_v by_o the_o rally_a welch_n this_o year_n a_o very_a great_a scarcity_n of_o beef_n and_o horse_n happen_v in_o england_n whereof_o several_a thousand_o yearly_a be_v supply_v out_o of_o wales_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o the_o march_n be_v perfect_o rob_v of_o all_o their_o breed_n and_o not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o beast_n to_o be_v see_v in_o all_o the_o border_n a.d._n 1259_o the_o next_o spring_n all_o the_o nobility_n of_o wales_n convene_v together_o and_o take_v their_o mutual_a oath_n to_o defend_v their_o country_n to_o death_n against_o the_o oppress_a invasion_n of_o the_o english_a and_o not_o to_o relinquish_v and_o forsake_v one_o another_o upon_o pain_n of_o perjury_n though_o notwithstanding_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n of_o south-wales_n violate_v this_o agreement_n and_o put_v himself_o in_o the_o service_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n king_n henry_n be_v ready_a to_o fall_v upon_o the_o welsh_a to_o which_o purpose_n he_o summon_v a_o parliament_n wherein_o he_o propose_v to_o raise_v a_o subsidy_n towards_o the_o conquest_n of_o wales_n being_n not_o able_a of_o himself_o to_o bear_v the_o expense_n of_o this_o war_n by_o reason_n of_o several_a loss_n he_o have_v already_o receive_v the_o country_n of_o pembroke_n be_v late_o destroy_v and_o take_v by_o the_o welsh_a where_o they_o find_v plenty_n of_o salt_n which_o before_o they_o be_v in_o great_a necessity_n of_o but_o william_n de_fw-fr valentia_n accuse_v the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n and_o gloucester_n as_o the_o author_n of_o all_o this_o mischief_n quite_o break_v all_o their_o measure_n so_o the_o king_n be_v force_v to_o prorogue_v the_o parliament_n for_o a_o time_n without_o any_o grant_n of_o a_o subsidy_n but_o within_o a_o while_n after_o it_o sit_v at_o oxford_n where_o king_n henry_n and_o edward_n his_o son_n take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n to_o observe_v the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o the_o same_o be_v tender_v to_o guy_n and_o william_n the_o king_n brother_n and_o to_o henry_n son_n to_o the_o king_n of_o almain_n and_o to_o earl_n warren_n they_o refuse_v to_o take_v it_o and_o so_o depart_v in_o this_o parliament_n the_o lord_n of_o wales_n fair_o proffer_v to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o law_n for_o any_o offence_n they_o have_v unjust_o commirt_v against_o the_o king_n which_o be_v main_o oppose_v by_o edward_n who_o cause_v one_o patrick_n de_fw-fr canton_n to_o who_o the_o lordship_n of_o cydwely_n be_v give_v in_o case_n he_o can_v win_v and_o keep_v the_o same_o to_o be_v send_v to_o caermardhyn_a as_o lieutenant_n for_o the_o king_n with_o who_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n be_v join_v in_o commission_n be_v arrive_v at_o caermardhyn_n patrick_n send_v to_o the_o prince_n to_o desire_v he_o to_o appoint_v commissioner_n to_o treat_v with_o he_o concern_v a_o peace_n which_o he_o consent_v to_o and_o without_o any_o suspicion_n of_o treachery_n send_v meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n to_o emlyn_n if_o possible_a to_o conclude_v the_o same_o but_o patrick_n mean_v no_o such_o thing_n lay_v a_o ambuscade_n for_o the_o welsh_a who_o come_v honest_o forward_o be_v by_o the_o way_n villanous_o set_v upon_o by_o the_o english_a and_o a_o great_a many_o slay_v but_o those_o that_o happy_o escape_v call_v up_o the_o country_n present_o give_v chase_v to_o patrick_n and_o his_o accomplice_n who_o be_v at_o length_n overtake_v be_v almost_o all_o put_v to_o the_o sword_n but_o prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v now_o altogether_o bend_v upon_o a_o peace_n and_o do_v not_o only_o desire_v it_o but_o be_v willing_a to_o purchase_v it_o for_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o which_o purpose_n he_o offer_v to_o give_v the_o king_n 4000_o mark_n to_o his_o son_n 300_o and_o 200_o to_o the_o queen_n which_o the_o king_n utter_o refuse_v reply_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a recompense_n for_o all_o the_o damage_n he_o have_v suffer_v by_o the_o welsh_a matthew_z of_o westminster_n report_v that_o about_o michaelmas_n this_o year_n the_o bishop_n of_o bangor_n be_v commission_v by_o the_o prince_n and_o nobility_n of_o wales_n to_o treat_v with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n about_o a_o peace_n and_o to_o offer_v he_o 16000_o pound_n for_o the_o same_o upon_o these_o condition_n that_o according_a to_o their_o ancient_a custom_n the_o welsh_a shall_v have_v all_o cause_n try_v and_o determine_v at_o chester_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v free_o enjoy_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o their_o own_o country_n but_o what_o be_v the_o result_n of_o this_o treaty_n my_o author_n do_v not_o mention_v there_o be_v no_o hope_n of_o a_o peace_n prince_n lhewelyn_n a.d._n 1260_o early_a next_o year_n appear_v in_o the_o field_n and_o pass_v to_o south-wales_n and_o first_o fall_v foul_a upon_o sir_n râ—ger_n mortimer_n who_o contrary_a to_o his_o oath_n maintain_v the_o king_n of_o england_n quarrel_n have_v forcible_o dispossess_v he_o of_o all_o buelht_n and_o without_o any_o opposition_n take_v the_o castle_n where_o be_v find_v a_o plentiful_a magazine_n he_o march_v through_o all_o south-wales_n confirm_v his_o conquest_n and_o afterward_o return_v to_o his_o palace_n at_o aber_n a.d._n 1261_o betwixt_o bangor_n and_o conwey_n the_o year_n follow_v a.d._n 1262_o owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n lord_n of_o cydewen_n die_v but_o the_o next_o summer_n be_v somewhat_o more_o note_v for_o action_n a_o party_n of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n man_n take_v by_o surprise_v the_o castle_n of_o melienyth_n belong_v to_o sir_n roger_n mortimer_n and_o have_a put_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n they_o take_v howel_n ap_fw-mi meyric_n the_o governor_n with_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n prisoner_n and_o after_o that_o the_o castle_n be_v demolish_v by_o the_o prince_n order_n sir_n roger_n mortimer_n hear_v of_o this_o with_o a_o great_a body_n of_o lord_n and_o knight_n come_v to_o melienyth_n where_o prince_n lhewelyn_n meet_v he_o burr_n sir_n roger_n not_o dare_v to_o hazard_v a_o battle_n plant_v himself_o within_o the_o ruin_n and_o find_v he_o can_v do_v no_o good_a desire_a leave_n of_o the_o prince_n to_o retire_v peaceable_o the_o prince_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o relation_n and_o near_a consanguinity_n betwixt_o they_o and_o withal_o because_o he_o will_v not_o be_v so_o mean_v spirit_v as_o to_o fall_v upon_o a_o enemy_n who_o have_v no_o power_n to_o resist_v he_o let_v he_o safe_o depart_v with_o his_o force_n and_o then_o pass_v on_o himself_o to_o brecknock_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n who_o swear_v fidelity_n unto_o he_o so_o pass_v on_o and_o return_v to_o noâ—th-wales_n and_o now_o be_v confederate_a with_o the_o baron_n against_o king_n henry_n he_o be_v resolve_v to_o practice_v something_o in_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o english_a and_o so_o set_v upon_o the_o earldom_n of_o chester_n destroy_v the_o castle_n of_o tygannâ—y_n and_o diserth_n belong_v to_o edward_n who_o come_v thither_o be_v yet_o not_o able_a to_o prevent_v the_o mischief_n do_v a.d._n 1263_o to_o he_o by_o the_o welsh_a the_o next_o year_n john_n strange_a junior_n constable_n of_o montgomery_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o marcher_n come_v a_o little_a before_o easter_n by_o night_n through_o ceri_fw-la to_o cydewen_n intend_v to_o surprise_v the_o castle_n which_o when_o the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n understand_v they_o gather_v together_o and_o set_v upon_o they_o slay_v 200_o of_o his_o man_n but_o strange_a with_o a_o few_o get_v safe_o back_o within_o a_o while_n after_o the_o marcher_n and_o the_o welsh_a meet_v again_o near_o a_o place_n call_v clun_n where_o a_o hot_a engagement_n happen_v between_o they_o in_o which_o the_o welsh_a be_v worsted_n
do_v not_o last_v long_o the_o english_a governor_n in_o the_o march_n and_o inland_n â—_z of_o wales_n presume_v upon_o the_o prince_n submission_n to_o the_o king_n grievous_o oppress_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n with_o new_a and_o unheard_a of_o 〈◊〉_d action_n and_o with_o intolerable_a partiality_n open_o encourage_v the_o english_a to_o defraud_v and_o oppress_v tâ—â—_n welch_n these_o insupportable_a practice_n move_v tâ—â—_n welch_n to_o go_v in_o a_o body_n to_o david_n lord_n of_o denbigâ—_n to_o endeavour_v a_o reconciliation_n between_o he_o and_o 〈◊〉_d brother_n the_o prince_n that_o they_o both_o be_v at_o unity_n may_v easy_o deliver_v themselves_o and_o their_o country_n from_o the_o unmerciful_a tyranny_n of_o the_o english_a david_n be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o the_o misery_n of_o his_o countryman_n a.d._n 1281_o and_o therefore_o glad_o submit_v to_o be_v reconcile_v to_o his_o brother_n with_o promise_n never_o to_o side_n again_o with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o to_o become_v his_o 〈◊〉_d enemy_n this_o happy_a union_n be_v thus_o effect_v david_n be_v choose_v general_n of_o the_o army_n with_o which_o he_o present_o march_v to_o hawarden_n and_o surprise_v the_o castle_n slay_v all_o that_o oppose_v he_o and_o take_v rogeâ—_n clifford_n prisoner_n who_o have_v be_v send_v by_o king_n edward_n justitiar_n into_o those_o part_n from_o thence_o be_v join_v by_o the_o prince_n he_o pass_v to_o ruthlan_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n but_o upon_o notice_n give_v that_o the_o king_n be_v march_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n he_o think_v convenient_a to_o withdraw_v and_o to_o retire_v back_o at_o the_o same_o time_n rhys_n ap_fw-mi maelgon_n and_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n with_o other_o lord_n of_o south-wales_n take_v from_o the_o english_a the_o castle_n of_o aberystwyth_n with_o divers_a other_o in_o that_o country_n and_o spoil_v all_o the_o people_n thereabouts_o who_o own_a subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n john_n peckham_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n perceive_v how_o matter_n be_v like_a to_o proceed_v between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o prince_n and_o how_o the_o kingdom_n be_v effectual_o involve_v in_o a_o war_n of_o his_o own_o proper_a motion_n come_v to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n to_o endeavour_v a_o re-submission_n from_o he_o and_o his_o brother_n david_n to_o king_n edward_n and_o so_o to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o any_o far_a hostility_n but_o he_o send_v beforehand_o to_o the_o prince_n and_o people_n of_o wales_n intimate_v to_o they_o that_o for_o the_o love_n he_o bear_v to_o the_o welsh_a nation_n he_o undertake_v this_o arbitration_n without_o the_o knowledge_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o king_n be_v like_n and_o therefore_o earnest_o desire_v that_o they_o will_v submit_v to_o a_o peace_n with_o the_o english_a which_o himself_o will_v endeavour_v to_o bring_v to_o pass_v and_o because_o he_o can_v make_v no_o long_a continuance_n in_o those_o part_n he_o wish_v they_o to_o consider_v how_o that_o if_o he_o shall_v be_v force_v to_o depart_v before_o any_o thing_n be_v bring_v to_o a_o conclusion_n they_o can_v hardly_o find_v another_o who_o will_v so_o hearty_o espouse_v their_o cause_n and_o far_o threaten_v that_o in_o case_n they_o contemn_v and_o deride_v his_o endeavour_n he_o will_v not_o only_o instigate_v the_o english_a army_n now_o great_o strengthen_v and_o increase_v to_o fall_v upon_o they_o but_o also_o signify_v their_o stubbornness_n to_o the_o court_n and_o bishop_n of_o rome_n who_o esteem_v and_o honour_a england_n beyond_o any_o other_o kingdom_n in_o the_o world_n moreover_o he_o much_o lament_v to_o hear_v of_o the_o excessive_a cruelty_n of_o the_o welsh_a even_o beyond_o that_o of_o the_o saracen_n and_o other_o infidel_n who_o never_o refuse_v to_o permit_v slave_n and_o captive_n to_o be_v ransom_v which_o the_o welsh_a be_v so_o far_o from_o practise_v that_o even_o 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return_v a_o answer_n that_o he_o humble_o thank_v his_o grace_n for_o the_o pain_n and_o trouble_v he_o undertake_v in_o his_o and_o his_o subject_n behalf_n and_o more_o particular_o because_o he_o will_v venture_v to_o come_v to_o wales_n contrary_a to_o the_o pleasure_n and_o good_a like_n of_o the_o king_n and_o as_o for_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o he_o he_o will_v not_o have_v his_o grace_n be_v ignorant_a that_o with_o all_o readiness_n he_o be_v willing_a to_o submit_v to_o it_o upon_o condition_n that_o the_o king_n will_v due_o and_o sincere_o observe_v the_o same_o and_o though_o he_o will_v be_v glad_a of_o his_o long_a a.d._n 1201_o continuance_n in_o wales_n yet_o he_o hope_v that_o no_o obstruction_n will_v happen_v of_o his_o side_n why_o a_o peace_n which_o of_o all_o thing_n he_o most_o desire_a may_v not_o be_v forthwith_o conclude_v and_o rather_o by_o his_o grace_n procure_v than_o any_o other_o so_o that_o there_o will_v be_v no_o far_o need_v of_o acquaint_v the_o pope_n with_o his_o obstinacy_n nor_o move_v the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o use_v any_o force_n against_o he_o and_o though_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v under_o the_o immediate_a protection_n of_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n yet_o when_o his_o holiness_n come_v to_o understand_v of_o the_o great_a and_o unsufferable_a wrong_n do_v to_o he_o by_o the_o english_a how_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n be_v break_v church_n and_o all_o other_o religious_a house_n in_o wales_n be_v burn_v down_o and_o destroy_v and_o religious_a person_n unchristian_o murder_v he_o hope_v he_o will_v rather_o pity_v and_o lament_v his_o condition_n than_o with_o addition_n of_o punishment_n increase_v and_o augment_v his_o sorrow_n neither_o shall_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v any_o wise_a disquiet_v and_o molest_v by_o his_o mean_n in_o case_n the_o peace_n be_v religious_o observe_v towards_o he_o and_o his_o subject_n but_o who_o they_o be_v that_o delight_n themselves_o with_o war_n 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and_o may_v be_v to_o their_o great_a oppression_n in_o those_o right_n which_o they_o have_v purchase_v and_o hitherto_o enjoy_v with_o their_o estate_n and_o also_o on_o occasion_n of_o great_a vexation_n to_o many_o of_o your_o majesty_n subject_n who_o have_v long_o have_v the_o absolute_a inheritance_n of_o several_a land_n comprehend_v in_o the_o say_a grant_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o portland_n by_o ancient_a grant_n from_o the_o crown_n his_o majesty_n answer_n gentleman_n i_o have_v kindness_n for_o my_o lord_n portland_n which_o he_o have_v deserve_v of_o i_o by_o long_a and_o faithful_a service_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o have_v give_v he_o these_o land_n if_o i_o have_v imagine_v the_o house_n of_o commons_o can_v have_v be_v concern_v i_o will_v therefore_o recall_v the_o grant_n and_o find_v some_o other_o way_n of_o show_v my_o favour_n to_o he_o the_o lordship_n of_o ruthyn_n continue_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o grays_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n vii_o 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welsh_a for_o in_o a_o short_a time_n after_o there_o happen_v a_o new_a occasion_n for_o the_o welsh_a to_o murmur_v against_o and_o upbraid_v the_o government_n of_o the_o english_a over_o they_o king_n edward_n be_v now_o in_o actual_a enmity_n and_o war_n with_o the_o king_n of_o france_n for_o the_o carry_v on_o of_o which_o he_o want_v a_o liberal_a subsidy_n and_o supply_n from_o his_o subject_n this_o tax_n be_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o passion_n and_o reluctancy_n levy_v in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o more_o especial_o in_o wales_n the_o welsh_a being_n never_o acquaint_v with_o such_o large_a contribution_n before_o a.d._n 1294_o violent_o storm_v and_o exclaim_v against_o it_o but_o not_o be_v satisfy_v with_o villify_a the_o king_n command_n they_o take_v their_o own_o captain_n roger_n de_fw-fr puelesdon_n who_o be_v appoint_v collector_n of_o the_o say_a subsidy_n and_o hang_v he_o up_o together_o with_o divers_z other_o who_o abet_v the_o collect_v of_o the_o tax_n then_o west-wales_n man_n choose_v maelgon_n fychan_n for_o their_o captain_n and_o so_o enter_v into_o caermardhyn_n and_o pembroke-shire_n they_o cruel_o harass_v all_o the_o land_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o english_a and_o then_o return_v lade_v with_o considerable_a booty_n the_o glamorgan-shire_n man_n and_o they_o towards_o the_o south_n part_n choose_v one_o morgan_n for_o their_o leader_n and_o set_v upon_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n who_o they_o force_v to_o make_v his_o escape_n out_o of_o the_o country_n and_o so_o morgan_n be_v put_v in_o possession_n of_o those_o land_n which_o the_o ancestor_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n have_v forcible_o take_v away_o from_o morgan_n forefather_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o north-wales_n man_n set_v up_o one_o madoc_n relate_v to_o the_o last_o lhewelyn_n slay_v at_o buelht_n who_o have_v draw_v together_o a_o great_a number_n of_o man_n come_v to_o caernarvon_n and_o set_v upon_o the_o english_a who_o in_o great_a multitude_n have_v then_o resort_v thither_o to_o a_o fair_a slay_v a_o great_a many_o and_o afterward_o spoil_v and_o ransack_v the_o whole_a town_n king_n edward_n be_v acquaint_v with_o these_o different_a insurrection_n and_o rebellion_n in_o wales_n and_o desirous_a to_o quell_v the_o pride_n and_o stubborness_n of_o the_o welsh_a but_o most_o of_o all_o to_o revenge_v the_o death_n of_o his_o great_a favourite_n roger_n de_fw-fr pulesdon_n recall_v his_o brother_n edmund_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n and_o henry_n lacie_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n and_o lord_n of_o denbigh_n who_o with_o a_o considerable_a army_n be_v ready_a to_o embark_v for_o gascoign_n and_o countermand_v they_o into_o wales_n be_v arrive_v there_o they_o pass_v quiet_o forward_a till_o they_o come_v to_o denbigh_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o draw_v near_o unto_o the_o castle_n upon_o st._n martin_n day_n the_o welsh_a