the_o dominion_n of_o any_o other_o prince_n unless_o he_o assure_v himself_o of_o some_o friend_n there_o to_o be_v a_o mean_a and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o gate_n to_o prepare_v his_o passage_n example_n the_o roman_n by_o aid_n of_o the_o saguntines_n enter_v spain_n the_o aetoli_n call_v they_o into_o greece_n the_o hediai_n into_o france_n likewise_o the_o palaeologi_fw-la incite_v the_o turk_n to_o come_v into_o thrace_n and_o ludovicus_n 〈◊〉_d occasion_v charles_n the_o french_a king_n to_o come_v into_o italy_n a_o republic_n desirous_a to_o extend_v the_o bound_n thereof_o must_v endeavour_v to_o be_v full_o furnish_v with_o inhabitant_n which_o may_v be_v do_v both_o by_o love_n and_o force_n love_n be_v gain_v by_o suffer_a stranger_n to_o inhabit_v the_o city_n secure_o and_o force_n compel_v people_n to_o come_v thither_o when_o other_o city_n and_o town_n near_o at_o hand_n be_v demolish_v or_o desace_v and_o impossible_a it_o be_v without_o this_o order_n of_o proceed_v to_o enlarge_v any_o city_n or_o make_v the_o same_o of_o great_a power_n example_n the_o roman_n to_o enlarge_v their_o city_n demolish_v alba_n and_o many_o other_o town_n and_o therewith_o also_o entertain_v all_o stranger_n courtcous_o so_o as_o rome_n grow_v to_o such_o greatness_n that_o the_o city_n only_o can_v arm_v six_o hundred_o and_o forty_o thousand_o man_n but_o sparta_n or_o athens_n can_v never_o exceed_v twenty_o thousand_o for_o that_o lycurgus_n have_v inhibit_v the_o access_n of_o stranger_n a_o commonwealth_n that_o consume_v more_o treasure_n in_o the_o war_n than_o it_o profit_v in_o victory_n seem_v to_o have_v rather_o hinder_v than_o honour_v or_o enrich_v the_o state_n a_o wise_a captain_n therefore_o in_o his_o action_n aught_o as_o well_o to_o profit_v the_o republic_n as_o to_o gain_v to_o himself_o glory_n example_n the_o consul_n of_o rome_n do_v seldom_o desire_v triumph_n unless_o they_o return_v from_o the_o war_n load_v with_o gold_n silver_n and_o other_o rich_a spoil_n fit_a to_o be_v deliver_v into_o the_o common_a treasury_n all_o foreign_a war_n be_v with_o prince_n or_o other_o state_n take_v in_o hand_n be_v either_o for_o ambition_n or_o desire_n of_o glory_n or_o else_o for_o necessity_n example_n the_o roman_n for_o their_o ambition_n conquer_v many_o nation_n with_o intent_n only_o to_o have_v the_o obedience_n of_o the_o people_n yet_o do_v they_o suffer_v they_o to_o hold_v possession_n of_o their_o house_n and_o sometime_o they_o be_v permit_v to_o live_v only_o with_o their_o old_a law_n likewise_o alexander_n the_o great_a endeavour_v to_o suppress_v many_o prince_n for_o his_o glory_n but_o do_v not_o dispossess_v the_o people_n nor_o kill_v they_o otherwise_o it_o be_v where_o a_o whole_a nation_n enforce_v by_o famine_n or_o fury_n of_o war_n abandon_v their_o own_o dwelling_n and_o be_v force_v to_o inhabit_v elsewhere_o example_n the_o goth_n and_o other_o people_n of_o the_o north_n invade_v the_o roman_a empire_n and_o many_o other_o province_n whereof_o their_o alteration_n of_o name_n do_v ensue_v as_o illyria_n now_o call_v slavonia_n england_n former_o name_v britain_n a_o common_a conceit_n and_o say_v it_o be_v that_o money_n make_v the_o war_n strong_a and_o be_v the_o force_n and_o sinew_n thereof_o as_o though_o he_o who_o have_v most_o treasure_n be_v also_o most_o mighty_a but_o experience_n have_v apparent_o show_v the_o contrary_n example_n after_o the_o death_n of_o alexander_n king_n of_o macedon_n a_o multitude_n of_o gaul_n go_v into_o greece_n and_o be_v there_o arrive_v send_v certain_a ambassador_n to_o the_o king_n who_o suppose_v to_o make_v they_o afraid_a of_o his_o power_n show_v they_o his_o treasure_n which_o wrought_v a_o contrary_a effect_n for_o the_o gaul_n before_o desirous_a of_o peace_n resolve_v then_o to_o continue_v the_o war_n in_o hope_n to_o win_v that_o mighty_a mass_n of_o mony_n likewise_o darius_n shall_v have_v vanquish_v alexander_n and_o the_o greek_n may_v have_v conquer_v the_o roman_n if_o the_o rich_a prince_n may_v ever_o by_o his_o money_n have_v prevail_v every_o league_n make_v with_o a_o prince_n or_o republic_n remote_a be_v weak_a and_o rather_o aid_v we_o with_o fame_n than_o effect_v and_o consequent_o deceive_v all_o those_o that_o in_o such_o amity_n repose_v confidence_n example_n the_o florentine_n be_v assault_v by_o the_o king_n of_o naples_n and_o the_o pope_n pray_v aid_n of_o the_o french_a king_n who_o be_v far_o distant_a can_v not_o in_o time_n succour_v they_o and_o the_o cedicini_fw-la desire_v aid_n of_o the_o capuani_n against_o the_o samnite_n a_o people_n of_o no_o force_n be_v deceive_v a_o prince_n who_o people_n be_v well_o arm_v and_o train_v shall_v do_v better_a to_o attend_v his_o enemy_n at_o home_n than_o by_o invasion_n to_o assault_v his_o country_n but_o such_o prince_n who_o subject_n be_v disarm_v have_v need_n to_o hold_v the_o enemy_n aloof_o example_n the_o roman_n and_o in_o this_o age_n the_o swiss_n be_v well_o arm_v may_v attend_v the_o war_n at_o home_n but_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o italian_n be_v not_o so_o well_o furnish_v do_v ever_o use_v to_o seek_v the_o enemy_n the_o plurality_n of_o commander_n in_o equal_a authority_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n occasion_n of_o slow_a proceed_v in_o the_o war._n example_n there_o be_v at_o one_o time_n in_o rome_n create_v four_o tribuni_fw-la militares_fw-la with_o authority_n of_o consul_n viz._n t._n quintus_fw-la after_o his_o consulship_n cajus_n furius_n m._n posthumus_n and_o a._n cornelius_n cassius_n among_o who_o arise_v so_o much_o diversity_n and_o contrariety_n of_o opinion_n as_o nothing_o can_v be_v do_v till_o their_o authority_n cease_v and_o m._n aemylius_n make_v dictator_n a_o victory_n obtain_v by_o any_o great_a captain_n with_o the_o authority_n of_o his_o prince_n commission_n 〈◊〉_d and_o direction_n ought_v ever_o to_o be_v impute_v rather_o to_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o prince_n than_o the_o valour_n of_o the_o captain_n which_o make_v the_o emperor_n of_o rome_n to_o permit_v no_o captain_n how_o great_a soever_o his_o victory_n be_v to_o triumph_n as_o before_o that_o time_n the_o consul_n have_v do_v and_o even_o in_o those_o day_n a_o modest_a refusal_n of_o triumph_n be_v commend_v example_n m._n fulvius_n have_v gain_v a_o great_a victory_n against_o the_o tuscan_n be_v both_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n of_o rome_n admit_v to_o triumph_n but_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o that_o honour_n prove_v his_o great_a glory_n all_o they_o that_o from_o private_a estate_n have_v aspire_v to_o principality_n either_o by_o force_n or_o fraud_n be_v come_v thereunto_o unless_o the_o same_o be_v give_v or_o by_o inheritance_n descend_v yet_o it_o be_v rare_o see_v that_o force_v alone_o prevail_v but_o fraud_n without_o force_n ofttimes_o suffice_v example_n agathocles_n by_o such_o mean_n become_v prince_n of_o 〈◊〉_d john_n galeazzo_n by_o abuse_v his_o uncle_n barnabas_n gain_v the_o dominion_n of_o lombardy_n and_o cyrus_n circumvent_v cyaxares_n his_o mother_n brother_n and_o by_o that_o craft_n aspire_v to_o greatness_n sudden_a resolution_n be_v always_o dangerous_a and_o no_o less_o peril_n ensue_v of_o slow_a and_o doubtful_a delay_n example_n when_o hieron_n prince_n of_o syracuse_n die_v the_o war_n even_o then_o be_v in_o great_a heat_n between_o the_o roman_n and_o carthaginian_n they_o of_o syracuse_n consult_v whether_o it_o be_v better_a to_o follow_v the_o fortune_n of_o rome_n or_o carthage_n in_o which_o doubt_v they_o continue_v until_o apollonides_n a_o chief_a captain_n of_o syracuse_n lay_v before_o they_o that_o so_o long_a delay_n will_v make_v they_o hate_v both_o of_o roman_n and_o carthaginian_n likewise_o the_o florentine_n be_v by_o lewis_n the_o twelve_o require_v to_o give_v his_o army_n passage_n towards_o naples_n muse_v so_o long_o upon_o a_o answer_n that_o he_o become_v their_o enemy_n and_o they_o force_v to_o recover_v his_o favour_n full_a dear_o to_o govern_v a_o state_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o take_v such_o order_n as_o the_o subject_n may_v not_o or_o ought_v not_o to_o offend_v which_o may_v be_v do_v either_o by_o remove_v from_o they_o all_o mean_n to_o disobey_v or_o by_o afford_v they_o so_o great_a favour_n as_o reasonable_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o change_v their_o fortune_n for_o the_o mean_a course_n prove_v dangerous_a example_n the_o latin_n be_v by_o the_o valour_n of_o camillus_n overcome_v yield_v themselves_o to_o endure_v what_o punishment_n it_o please_v the_o roman_n to_o inflict_v a_o ingenious_a and_o magnanimous_a answer_n be_v make_v unto_o wise_a magistrate_n do_v oft_o obtain_v both_o pardon_n and_o grace_n example_n when_o the_o privernates_n have_v rebel_v and_o be_v by_o force_n constrain_v to_o return_v to_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o roman_n they_o send_v certain_a of_o the_o city_n unto_o rome_n
the_o secret_n of_o government_n and_o mystery_n of_o state_n plain_o lay_v open_a in_o all_o the_o several_a form_n of_o government_n in_o the_o christian_a world_n publish_a by_o john_n milton_n esq_n print_v in_o the_o year_n 1697._o to_o the_o reader_n have_v have_v the_o manuscript_n of_o this_o treatise_n write_v by_o sir_n walter_n raleigh_n many_o year_n in_o my_o hand_n and_o find_v it_o late_o by_o chance_n among_o other_o book_n and_o paper_n upon_o read_v thereof_o i_o think_v it_o a_o kind_n of_o injury_n to_o withhold_v long_o the_o work_n of_o so_o eminent_a a_o author_n from_o the_o public_a it_o be_v both_o answerable_a in_o 〈◊〉_d to_o other_o work_n of_o his_o already_o extant_a as_o far_o as_o the_o subject_n will_v permit_v and_o give_v i_o for_o a_o true_a copy_n by_o a_o learned_a man_n at_o his_o death_n who_o have_v collect_v several_a such_o piece_n john_n milton_n the_o principal_a content_n chap._n i._n the_o desinition_n and_o division_n of_o public_a weal_n and_o sovereign_a state_n according_a to_o their_o several_a species_n or_o kind_n page_n 1_o chap._n 2._o of_o sovereign_n or_o monarchick_a government_n with_o its_o essential_a mark_n and_o specifical_a difference_n p._n 3_o chap._n 3._o of_o monarchy_n seignioril_n exemplisy_v in_o the_o turkish_a and_o west-indian_a empire_n p._n 6_o chap._n 4._o of_o monarchy_n royal_a with_o the_o mean_n to_o maintain_v they_o p._n 8_o chap._n 5._o of_o monarchy_n tyrannical_a p._n 11_o chap._n 6._o of_o new-found_a monarchy_n and_o principality_n with_o the_o mean_n to_o 〈◊〉_d they_o p._n 12_o chap._n 7._o of_o council_n and_o counsellor_n in_o general_n p._n 17_o chap._n 8._o of_o council_n in_o some_o particular_a monarchy_n aristocraty_n and_o democraty_n p._n 18_o chap._n 9_o of_o officer_n and_o commissioner_n with_o their_o respective_a distinction_n p._n 21_o chap._n 10._o of_o magistrate_n their_o qualification_n and_o election_n p._n 22_o chap._n 11._o observation_n intrinsical_o concern_v every_o public_a state_n in_o point_n of_o justice_n treasure_n and_o war_n p._n 24_o chap._n 12._o extrinsic_a observation_n show_v how_o to_o deal_v with_o neighbor_n prince_n and_o province_n respective_o how_o to_o prevent_v their_o design_n and_o decipher_v their_o intendment_n p._n 30_o chap._n 13._o observation_n confirm_v by_o authority_n of_o prince_n and_o principality_n character_v a_o excellent_a prince_n or_o governor_n p._n 35_o chap._n 14._o of_o the_o prince_n intimate_a counsellor_n and_o minister_n of_o state_n with_o their_o several_a requisite_n p._n 41_o chap._n 15._o the_o art_n of_o ruling_n or_o mystery_n of_o regiment_n p._n 48_o chap._n 16_o of_o princely_a authority_n wherein_o it_o consist_v and_o how_o far_o to_o be_v extend_v and_o delegated_a p._n 51_o chap._n 17._o of_o power_n and_o force_n and_o how_o to_o be_v raise_v and_o maintain_v p._n 53_o chap._n 18._o of_o conspiracy_n and_o treason_n with_o the_o cause_n and_o way_n of_o prevention_n or_o discovery_n p._n 55_o chap._n 19_o of_o public_a hate_n and_o contempt_n with_o the_o occasion_n and_o mean_n to_o redress_v and_o avoid_v it_o p._n 58_o chap._n 20._o of_o diffidence_n and_o dissimulation_n in_o the_o management_n of_o state_n affair_n p._n 67_o chap._n 21._o of_o war_n defensive_a and_o invasive_a with_o justruction_n touch_v law_n of_o arm_n soldier_n and_o military_a discipline_n p._n 70_o chap._n 22._o of_o general_n and_o commander_n and_o their_o requisite_a ability_n in_o martial_a enterprise_n and_o expedition_n p._n 83_o chap._n 23._o of_o council_n in_o war_n and_o direction_n tactick_a and_o stratagematick_a with_o advice_n how_o to_o make_v a_o honourable_a peace_n p._n 87_o chap._n 24._o of_o civil_a war_n with_o the_o cause_n and_o remedy_n thereof_o p._n 97_o chap._n 25._o a_o collection_n of_o political_a observation_n confirm_v by_o reason_n and_o experience_n advertise_v prince_n statesman_n and_o private_a person_n how_o to_o demean_v themselves_o in_o all_o fortune_n and_o event_n p._n 107_o chap._n 26._o maxim_n of_o state_n or_o prudential_n ground_n and_o polemical_a precept_n concern_v all_o estate_n and_o form_n of_o policy_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n or_o war_n etc._n etc._n confirm_v by_o select_a narration_n and_o historical_a parallel_n p._n 184_o advertisement_n the_o excellent_a woman_n describe_v by_o her_o true_a character_n and_o their_o opposite_n print_a for_o j._n watts_n the_o secret_n of_o government_n and_o mystery_n of_o state_n plain_o lay_v open_a chap._n i._n the_o definition_n and_o division_n of_o public_a weal_n and_o sovereign_a state_n according_a to_o their_o several_a species_n or_o kind_n a_o commonwealth_n be_v a_o certain_a sovereign_a govornment_n of_o many_o family_n with_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v common_a among_o they_o all_o commonwealth_n be_v either_o monarchy_n aristocraty_n or_o democraty_n a_o monarchy_n be_v that_o state_n where_o the_o sovereignty_n rest_v in_o the_o person_n of_o one_o only_a prince_n a_o aristocraty_n be_v where_o some_o small_a part_n of_o the_o people_n have_v in_o they_o as_o a_o body_n corporate_a the_o sovereignty_n and_o supreme_a power_n of_o the_o whole_a state_n a_o democraty_n be_v where_o all_o the_o people_n have_v power_n and_o authority_n sovereign_a so_o do_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o place_n and_o person_n where_o the_o sovereignty_n rest_v do_v cause_n the_o state_n to_o be_v either_o a_o monarchy_n a_o aristocraty_n or_o popular_a government_n chap._n ii_o of_o sovereign_n of_o monarchick_a government_n with_o its_o essential_a mark_n and_o specifical_a difference_n sovereignty_n be_v a_o absolute_a and_o perpetual_a power_n in_o every_o public_a state_n and_o he_o be_v proper_o and_o only_o a_o sovereign_n that_o acknowledge_v no_o superior_a or_o equal_a nor_o hold_v of_o any_o other_o prince_n person_n or_o power_n but_o god_n and_o his_o own_o sword_n the_o first_o mark_n of_o sovereignty_n be_v absolute_a power_n and_o authority_n to_o command_v all_o subject_n in_o general_a and_o every_o of_o they_o in_o particular_a without_o consent_n of_o any_o other_o person_n or_o person_n either_o great_a or_o inferior_a to_o himself_o the_o second_o mark_n of_o majesty_n be_v authority_n to_o make_v war_n and_o conclude_v peace_n at_o his_o pleasure_n the_o three_o be_v power_n to_o beslow_v all_o honour_n and_o chief_a office_n at_o his_o pleasure_n the_o four_o mark_n of_o sovereignty_n be_v appellation_n the_o five_o mark_n and_o last_v be_v power_n to_o pardon_v all_o subject_n by_o rigour_n of_o law_n or_o otherwise_o condemn_v in_o life_n land_n good_n or_o honour_n these_o power_n be_v not_o to_o be_v impart_v to_o any_o officer_n deputy_n or_o other_o magistrate_n but_o in_o the_o prince_n absence_n and_o for_o some_o urgent_a occasion_n monarchy_n be_v of_o three_o sort_n signioril_n royal_a and_o tyrannical_a the_o diversity_n of_o monarchy_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o state_n but_o the_o diverse_a proceed_n of_o those_o prince_n that_o govern_v for_o great_a difference_n there_o may_v be_v between_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o the_o government_n thereof_o that_o prince_n that_o give_v the_o magistracy_n honour_n and_o office_n without_o respect_n of_o nobility_n riches_n or_o virtue_n may_v be_v say_v to_o govern_v popular_o and_o that_o monarchy_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v govern_v aristocratical_o when_o the_o monarch_n impart_v the_o principal_a honour_n and_o office_n to_o the_o noble_a and_o rich_a man_n only_o the_o same_o difference_n there_o be_v to_o be_v sound_a in_o state_n aristocratical_a and_o popular_a for_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o may_v be_v both_o signioril_n or_o tyrannical_a a_o monarch_n signioril_n be_v he_o who_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n and_o just_a war_n be_v make_v owner_n of_o man_n body_n and_o good_n and_o govern_v they_o as_o a_o master_n of_o a_o family_n govern_v base_a servant_n and_o slave_n a_o monarch_n royal_a be_v he_o who_o subject_n be_v obedient_a unto_o his_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n suffer_v every_o subject_a to_o enjoy_v liberty_n natural_a with_o property_n in_o land_n and_o good_n govern_v as_o a_o father_n govern_v his_o child_n a_o monarch_n tyrannical_a be_v he_o who_o without_o regard_n to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o nature_n command_v freeman_n as_o slave_n and_o use_v their_o land_n and_o good_n as_o his_o own_o chap._n iii_o of_o monarchy_n signioril_n exemplisy_v in_o the_o turkisn_a and_o west-indian_a empire_n all_z people_z subject_n to_o prince_n be_v govern_v as_o freeman_n by_o their_o prince_n and_o certain_a other_o particular_a lord_n of_o land_n and_o liberty_n who_o not_o by_o the_o prince_n commission_n but_o by_o ancient_a 〈◊〉_d or_o custom_n have_v inheritance_n and_o tenement_n or_o else_o they_o be_v by_o one_o prince_n and_o his_o minister_n command_v which_o minister_n have_v not_o by_o law_n or_o ordinance_n any_o authority_n or_o interest_n of_o
power_n to_o command_v in_o the_o state_n and_o albeit_o that_o every_o magistrate_n be_v a_o officer_n yet_o every_o officer_n be_v not_o a_o magistrate_n but_o they_o only_o that_o have_v power_n to_o command_v also_o in_o make_v officer_n of_o and_o magistrate_n in_o every_o commonweal_n three_o thing_n be_v special_o to_o be_v observe_v viz._n who_o do_v make_v they_o what_o man_n they_o be_v that_o shall_v be_v make_v and_o the_o form_n and_o manner_n how_o they_o be_v make_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o he_o or_o they_o in_o who_o the_o sovereignty_n rest_v the_o second_o also_o belong_v to_o majesty_n yet_o therein_o the_o law_n be_v common_o follow_v especial_o in_o aristocracy_n and_o state_n popular_a in_o the_o one_o the_o magistrate_n be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o most_o wealthy_a or_o most_o noble_a in_o the_o other_o elect_v out_o of_o the_o whole_a multitude_n the_o form_n and_o manner_n of_o choose_v magistrate_n in_o aristocracy_n and_o state_n popular_a be_v either_o by_o election_n by_o lot_n or_o by_o both_o and_o their_o office_n be_v to_o compel_v those_o that_o do_v not_o obey_v what_o sovereignty_n command_v for_o all_o force_n of_o commandment_n lie_v in_o compulsion_n commandment_n likewise_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o may_v be_v call_v sovereign_a and_o absolute_a above_o law_n above_o magistrate_n and_o above_o people_n in_o monarchy_n such_o command_n be_v proper_a to_o the_o prince_n only_o in_o aristocracy_n it_o rest_v in_o the_o nobility_n and_o in_o democracy_n the_o people_n have_v that_o power_n the_o second_o commandment_n be_v subject_a both_o to_o sovereignty_n and_o law_n here_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o every_o magistrate_n may_v recall_v his_o own_o commandment_n and_o forbid_v what_o he_o do_v command_v yet_o can_v revoke_v that_o which_o he_o have_v judge_v they_o also_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o sovereign_n all_o authority_n of_o magistrate_n cease_v and_o in_o presence_n of_o great_a magistrate_n the_o inferior_a have_v no_o power_n and_o magistrate_n equal_a can_v do_v any_o thing_n but_o by_o consent_n if_o his_o colleague_n or_o fellow-magistrate_n be_v present_a chap._n xi_o observation_n intrinsical_o concern_v every_o public_a state_n in_o point_n of_o justice_n treasure_n and_o war._n the_o first_o concern_v matter_n intrinsic_a the_o second_o touch_n matter_n extrinsic_a matter_n intrinsic_a be_v three_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n the_o manage_n of_o the_o treasure_n the_o dispose_n of_o thing_n appertain_v to_o war._n matter_n extrinsic_a be_v also_o three_o the_o skill_n how_o to_o deal_v with_o neighbour_n the_o diligence_n to_o vent_v their_o design_n the_o way_n how_o to_o win_v so_o much_o confidence_n with_o some_o of_o they_o as_o to_o be_v make_v partaker_n of_o whatsoever_o they_o mean_v to_o enterprise_n touch_v administration_n of_o justice_n the_o good_a and_o direct_a administration_n of_o justice_n be_v in_o all_o place_n a_o principal_a part_n of_o government_n for_o seldom_o or_o never_o shall_v we_o see_v any_o people_n discontent_v and_o desirous_a of_o alteration_n where_o justice_n be_v equal_o administer_v without_o respect_n of_o person_n and_o in_o every_o state_n this_o consideration_n be_v require_v but_o most_o of_o all_o in_o country_n that_o do_v front_n upon_o other_o prince_n or_o be_v late_o 〈◊〉_d hereunto_o the_o prince_n vigilancy_n and_o the_o magistrate_n uprightness_n be_v especial_o require_v for_o ofttentimes_a the_o prince_n be_v deceive_v and_o the_o magistrate_n corrupt_v it_o behove_v also_o the_o prince_n to_o maintain_v the_o judge_n and_o minister_n of_o justice_n in_o their_o reputation_n and_o yet_o to_o have_v a_o vigilant_a eye_n upon_o their_o proceed_n and_o the_o rather_o if_o their_o authority_n do_v include_v equity_n and_o from_o their_o censure_n be_v no_o appeal_n and_o if_o their_o office_n be_v during_o life_n and_o they_o be_v man_n bear_v and_o dwell_v in_o the_o same_o country_n all_o these_o thing_n be_v due_o to_o be_v consider_v of_o the_o rinse_v for_o as_o to_o call_v the_o judge_n into_o question_n be_v as_o it_o be_v to_o disgrace_v the_o judicial_a seat_n so_o to_o wink_v at_o their_o corruption_n be_v matter_n of_o just_a discontent_n to_o the_o subject_a in_o this_o case_n therefore_o the_o prince_n can_v do_v more_o than_o by_o his_o wisdom_n to_o make_v choice_n of_o good_a man_n and_o be_v choose_v to_o hold_v they_o in_o good_a reputation_n so_o as_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o justice_n may_v proceed_v for_o otherwise_o great_a disorder_n contempt_n and_o general_a confusion_n will_v ensue_v thereof_o second_o he_o be_v to_o keep_v his_o eye_n open_a upon_o their_o proceed_n and_o last_o to_o reserve_v unto_o himself_o a_o supreme_a power_n of_o appellation_n touch_v the_o treasure_n the_o want_n of_o money_n be_v in_o all_o state_n very_o perilous_a and_o most_o of_o all_o in_o those_o which_o be_v of_o least_o strength_n and_o do_v confine_v upon_o nation_n with_o who_o they_o have_v common_o war_n or_o unassured_a peace_n but_o most_o perilous_a of_o all_o to_o those_o government_n which_o be_v remote_a from_o the_o prince_n or_o place_v where_o they_o be_v to_o be_v relieve_v the_o mean_n to_o levy_v treasure_n be_v four_n first_o the_o custom_n and_o imposition_n upon_o all_o fort_n of_o merchandise_n and_o traffic_n be_v to_o be_v look_v unto_o and_o advance_v second_o the_o excessive_a eat_n of_o usury_n must_v be_v suppress_v three_o all_o supersluous_a charge_n and_o expense_n be_v to_o be_v take_v away_o last_o the_o do_n and_o account_n of_o minister_n be_v several_o to_o be_v exam_v touch_v the_o matter_n of_o custom_n and_o impost_n thereof_o assure_o a_o great_a prosit_fw-la be_v in_o every_o state_n to_o be_v raise_v chief_o where_o peace_n have_v long_o continue_v and_o where_o the_o country_n afford_v much_o plenty_n of_o commodity_n to_o be_v carry_v out_o and_o where_o port_n be_v to_o receive_v ship_n the_o moderate_n of_o interest_n be_v ever_o necessary_a and_o chief_o in_o this_o age_n by_o reason_n that_o money_n abound_v in_o europe_n since_o the_o traffic_n into_o the_o indies_n for_o such_o man_n as_o have_v money_n in_o their_o hand_n great_a plenty_n will_v in_o no_o wise_a employ_v the_o same_o in_o merchandise_n if_o lawful_a it_o be_v to_o receive_v the_o utmost_a usury_n be_v a_o course_n of_o most_o profit_n and_o great_a security_n the_o take_v away_o of_o superfluous_a expense_n be_v no_o other_o thing_n than_o a_o certain_a wise_a and_o laudable_a parsimony_n which_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o well_o govern_v state_n do_v use_v these_o expense_n consist_v in_o fee_n allowance_n and_o wage_n grant_v to_o minister_n of_o little_a or_o no_o necessity_n also_o in_o pension_n reward_n entertainment_n and_o donary_n with_o small_a difficulty_n to_o be_v moderate_v or_o easy_o to_o be_v suppress_v tooth_n by_o abridge_n or_o take_v away_o of_o these_o needless_a expense_n a_o marvellous_a profit_n will_v be_v save_v for_o the_o prince_n but_o if_o he_o continue_v they_o and_o by_o impose_v upon_o the_o people_n do_v think_v to_o increase_v his_o treasure_n or_o revenue_n beside_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o love_n he_o may_v also_o hazard_v their_o obedience_n with_o many_o other_o inconvenience_n touch_v war._n whatsoever_o prince_n or_o commonweal_n be_v neighbour_n to_o any_o people_n which_o can_v will_n or_o be_v wont_a to_o offend_v it_o be_v necessary_a to_o have_v not_o only_o all_o thing_n prepare_v for_o defence_n of_o his_o person_n and_o country_n but_o also_o to_o forecast_v and_o use_v every_o caution_n and_o other_o diligence_n for_o the_o inconvenience_n which_o happen_v to_o government_n be_v sudden_a and_o unlooked_a for_o yea_o the_o providence_n and_o provision_n require_v in_o this_o case_n ought_v to_o be_v such_o as_o the_o expense_n all_o other_o way_n employ_v must_v stay_v to_o supply_v the_o necessity_n of_o war._n chap_n xii_o extrinsic_a observation_n show_v how_o to_o deal_v with_o neighbor_n prince_n and_o province_n respective_o how_o to_o prevent_v their_o design_n and_o decipher_v their_o intendment_n this_o first_o point_n of_o matter_n extrinsic_a be_v of_o such_o quality_n as_o be_v well_o handle_v procure_v great_a good_a but_o otherwise_o become_v dangerous_a for_o the_o proceed_v must_v be_v divers_a according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o end_n which_o the_o prince_n or_o governor_n intend_v for_o if_o he_o desire_v to_o continue_v peace_n with_o his_o neighbour_n one_o way_n be_v to_o be_v take_v but_o otherwise_o he_o be_v to_o work_v that_o seek_v occasion_n to_o break_v and_o to_o become_v a_o enemy_n to_o one_o or_o more_o of_o his_o neighbour_n be_v he_o do_v desire_n to_o live_v peaceable_o withal_o than_o he_o be_v to_o observe_v these_o rule_n viz_o first_o to_o hold_v and_o continue_v firm_o all_o contract_n and_o capitulation_n second_o to_o show_v himself_o resolve_v
neither_o to_o offer_v nor_o take_v the_o least_o touch_n of_o wrong_n or_o injury_n three_o with_o all_o care_n and_o favour_n to_o further_a commerce_n and_o reciproke_n traffic_n for_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o increase_v of_o the_o prince_n revenue_n four_o covert_o to_o win_v so_o great_a confidence_n with_o neighbour_n as_o in_o all_o action_n of_o unkindness_n among_o they_o he_o may_v be_v make_v umpire_n five_o to_o become_v so_o well_o believe_v with_o they_o as_o he_o may_v remove_v such_o diffidence_n as_o grow_v to_o his_o own_o disadvantage_n six_o not_o to_o deny_v protection_n or_o aid_n to_o they_o that_o be_v the_o weak_a and_o chief_o such_o as_o do_v and_o will_v endure_v his_o fortune_n last_o in_o favour_v aid_v and_o protect_v unless_o necessity_n shall_v otherwise_o so_o require_v to_o do_v it_o moderate_o so_o as_o they_o who_o be_v to_o be_v aid_v become_v not_o jealous_a and_o consequent_o seek_v adherency_n elsewhere_o which_o ofttimes_o have_v open_v way_n to_o other_o neighbour_n that_o desire_v a_o like_a occasion_n how_o to_o prevent_v their_o design_n this_o point_n in_o time_n of_o war_n be_v with_o great_a diligence_n to_o be_v look_v unto_o also_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n to_o prevent_v all_o occasion_n that_o may_v kindle_v war_n be_v behoveful_a for_o to_o foresee_v what_o may_v happen_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o a_o prince_n profit_n or_o reputation_n be_v a_o part_n of_o great_a wisdom_n the_o mean_n to_o attain_v the_o intelligence_n of_o these_o thing_n be_v two_o the_o first_o be_v by_o friend_n the_o next_o by_o spial_n the_o one_o for_o the_o most_o part_n faithful_a the_o other_o not_o so_o assure_v these_o matter_n be_v well_o to_o be_v consider_v for_o albeit_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n desire_v nothing_o more_o than_o curious_o to_o know_v the_o do_n of_o other_o yet_o be_v those_o thing_n to_o be_v handle_v with_o so_o great_a secrecy_n and_o dissimulation_n as_o the_o prince_n intent_n be_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a suspect_v nor_o the_o minister_n make_v odious_a for_o these_o sometime_o to_o win_v themselves_o reputation_n do_v devise_v cause_n of_o difference_n where_o no_o need_n be_v divine_v of_o thing_n future_a which_o prove_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o their_o own_o prince_n to_o win_v confidence_n with_o neighbour_n this_o be_v chief_o attain_v unto_o by_o be_v love_v and_o honour_v for_o these_o thing_n do_v work_v so_o many_o good_a effect_n as_o daily_a experience_n suffice_v without_o any_o express_a example_n to_o prove_v they_o of_o great_a force_n the_o way_n to_o win_v love_n and_o trust_v be_v in_o all_o action_n to_o proceed_v just_o and_o sometime_o to_o wink_v at_o wrong_n or_o set_v aside_o unnecessary_a revenge_n and_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v do_v not_o justifiable_a or_o unfit_a to_o be_v allow_v as_o oftentimes_o it_o happen_v there_o to_o lay_v the_o blame_v upon_o the_o minister_n which_o must_v be_v perform_v with_o so_o great_a show_n of_o revenge_n and_o dissimulation_n by_o reprove_v and_o punish_v the_o minister_n as_o the_o prince_n offend_v may_v be_v satisfy_v and_o believe_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o unkindness_n proceed_v from_o thence_o now_o only_o it_o rest_v that_o somewhat_o shall_v be_v say_v touch_v provision_n to_o the_o end_n the_o people_n may_v not_o be_v draw_v into_o despair_n by_o famine_n or_o extreme_a dearth_n of_o victual_n chief_o for_o want_v of_o corn_n which_o be_v one_o principal_a consideration_n to_o be_v regard_v according_a to_o the_o italian_a proverb_n pane_n in_o piazza_n giustitia_fw-la in_o palazzo_n siverezza_fw-mi per_fw-mi tutto_fw-mi whereunto_o i_o can_v wish_v every_o prince_n or_o supreme_a governor_n to_o be_v thus_o qualify_v viz._n facile_fw-la de_fw-fr audienza_fw-it non_fw-la facilede_n credenza_fw-it desioso_fw-it de_fw-fr spedition_n essemplare_v in_o costunii_fw-la proprii_fw-la &_o inquei_fw-la de_fw-la sua_fw-la casa_fw-la tale_n che_fw-it vorra_fw-la governare_fw-la e_fw-la non_fw-la esser_fw-it governato_fw-la da_fw-it altro_fw-it he_o della_fw-it raggione_fw-la chap._n xiii_o observation_n confirm_v by_o authority_n of_o prince_n and_o principality_n character_v a_o excellent_a prince_n or_o governor_n every_o good_a and_o lawful_a principality_n be_v either_o elective_a or_o successive_a of_o they_o election_n seem_v the_o more_o ancient_a but_o succession_n in_o divers_a respect_n the_o better_o minore_fw-la discrimine_fw-la sumitur_fw-la princeps_fw-la quam_fw-la quaeritur_fw-la tac._n the_o chief_a and_o only_o endeavour_v of_o every_o good_a prince_n aught_o to_o be_v the_o commodity_n and_o security_n of_o the_o subject_n as_o contrariwise_o the_o tyrant_n seek_v his_o own_o private_a profit_n with_o the_o oppression_n of_o his_o people_n civium_fw-la non_fw-la servitus_fw-la sed_fw-la tutela_fw-la tradita_fw-la est_fw-la sal._n to_o the_o perfection_n of_o every_o good_a prince_n two_o thing_n be_v necessary_o require_v viz._n prudence_n and_o virtue_n the_o one_o to_o direct_v his_o do_n the_o other_o to_o govern_v his_o life_n rex_fw-la eris_fw-la si_fw-la recte_fw-la feceris_fw-la hor._n the_o second_o care_n which_o appertain_v to_o a_o good_a prince_n be_v to_o make_v his_o subject_n like_v unto_o himself_o for_o thereby_o he_o be_v not_o only_o honour_v but_o they_o also_o the_o better_a govern_v facile_fw-la imperium_fw-la in_o bonos_fw-es plaut_n subject_n be_v make_v good_a by_o two_o mean_n viz._n by_o constraint_n of_o law_n and_o the_o prince_n example_n for_o in_o all_o estate_n the_o people_n do_v imitate_v those_o condition_n whereunto_o they_o see_v the_o prince_n incline_v quicquid_fw-la faciunt_fw-la principes_fw-la praecipere_fw-la videantur_fw-la quintil._n all_o virtue_n be_v require_v in_o a_o prince_n but_o justice_n and_o clemency_n be_v most_o necessary_a for_o justice_n be_v a_o habit_n of_o do_v thing_n just_o as_o well_o to_o himself_o as_o other_o and_o give_v to_o every_o one_o so_o much_o as_o to_o he_o appertain_v this_o be_v that_o virtue_n that_o preserve_v concord_n among_o man_n and_o whereof_o they_o be_v call_v good_a jus_n &_o aequit_fw-la as_o vincula_fw-la civitatum_fw-la cic._n england_n it_o be_v the_o quality_n of_o this_o virtue_n also_o to_o proceed_v equal_o and_o temperate_o it_o inform_v the_o prince_n not_o to_o surcharge_n the_o subject_n with_o infinite_a law_n for_o thereof_o proceed_v the_o impoverishment_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o the_o enrich_v of_o lawyer_n a_o kind_n of_o man_n which_o in_o age_n more_o ancient_a do_v seem_v of_o no_o necessity_n sine_fw-la causidicis_fw-la satis_fw-la foelices_fw-la olim_fw-la fuere_fw-la futuraeque_fw-la sunt_fw-la urbes_fw-la sal._n the_o next_o virtue_n require_v in_o prince_n be_v clemency_n be_v a_o inclination_n of_o the_o mind_n to_o lenity_n and_o compassion_n yet_o temper_v with_o severity_n and_o judgement_n this_o quality_n be_v fit_a for_o all_o great_a personage_n but_o chief_o prince_n because_o their_o occasion_n to_o use_v it_o be_v most_o by_o it_o also_o the_o love_n of_o man_n be_v gain_v qui_fw-la vult_fw-la regnare_fw-la languida_fw-la regnet_fw-la manu_fw-la sen._n after_o clemency_n fidelity_n be_v expect_v in_o all_o good_a prince_n which_o be_v a_o certain_a performance_n and_o observation_n of_o word_n and_o promise_n this_o virtue_n seem_v to_o accompany_v justice_n or_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o same_o and_o therefore_o most_o fit_a for_o prince_n sanctissimum_fw-la generis_fw-la humani_fw-la bonum_fw-la liv._o as_o fidelity_n follow_v justice_n so_o do_v modesty_n accompany_v clemency_n modesty_n be_v a_o temperature_n of_o reason_n whereby_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n be_v so_o govern_v as_o neither_o in_o action_n or_o opinion_n he_o over-deemeth_a of_o himself_o or_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v he_o a_o quality_n not_o common_a in_o fortunate_a folk_n and_o most_o rare_a in_o prince_n superbia_n common_a nobilitatis_fw-la malum_fw-la sal._n this_o virtue_n do_v also_o moderate_a all_o external_n demonstration_n of_o insolence_n pride_n and_o arrogance_n and_o therefore_o necessary_a to_o be_v know_v of_o prince_n and_o all_o other_o who_o favour_n or_o fortune_n have_v advance_v impone_fw-la faelicitati_fw-la tua_fw-la fraenos_fw-la facilius_fw-la illam_fw-la reges_fw-la curt._n but_o as_o prince_n be_v to_o observe_v the_o bound_n of_o modesty_n so_o may_v they_o not_o forget_v the_o majesty_n appertain_v to_o their_o supreme_a honour_n be_v a_o certain_a reverend_a greatness_n due_a to_o princely_a virtue_n and_o royal_a state_n a_o grace_n and_o gravity_n no_o less_o beseem_v a_o prince_n than_o virtue_n itself_o for_o neither_o overmuch_o famili-arity_a nor_o too_o great_a austerity_n aught_o to_o be_v use_v by_o prince_n facilit_fw-la as_o autoritatem_fw-la severit_fw-la as_o amorem_fw-la minuit_fw-la tac._n to_o these_o virtue_n we_o may_v apply_v liberality_n which_o do_v not_o only_o adorn_v but_o high_o advance_v the_o honour_n due_a to_o prince_n thereby_o also_o the_o good_a will_n of_o man_n be_v gain_v for_o nothing_o be_v more_o fit_v a_o prince_n nature_n than_o bounty_n the_o same_o be_v accompany_v
heed_n that_o the_o cause_n be_v just_o and_o the_o enterprise_n advise_o enter_v into_o sunt_fw-la enim_fw-la &_o belli_fw-la 〈◊〉_d pacis_fw-la jura_fw-la justeque_fw-la ea_fw-la non_fw-la 〈◊〉_d ac_fw-la 〈◊〉_d gerere_fw-la debes_fw-la livi._n the_o law_n of_o arm_n be_v in_o all_o commonweal_n to_o be_v due_o observe_v for_o to_o enter_v fight_v rash_o and_o without_o respect_n to_o reason_n be_v beastly_a also_o to_o kill_v or_o slay_n will_v work_v no_o better_a effect_n than_o that_o all_o nation_n shall_v without_o mercy_n murder_v one_o another_o barbaro_n ritu_fw-la coedem_fw-la coede_fw-la &_o sanguinem_fw-la sanguine_fw-la expiare_fw-la sal._n no_o war_n therefore_o be_v to_o be_v make_v but_o such_o as_o be_v just_o and_o in_o every_o just_a war_n these_o three_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v look_v into_o viz._n that_o the_o author_n be_v of_o authority_n that_o the_o cause_n be_v good_a and_o the_o end_v just_a for_o in_o all_o state_n the_o prince_n or_o they_o in_o who_o the_o sovereignty_n rest_v be_v the_o just_a author_n of_o war_n other_o have_v no_o such_o authority_n si_fw-la quis_fw-la privatim_fw-la sine_fw-la publico_fw-la scito_fw-la pacem_fw-la bejumve_fw-la fecerit_fw-la capital_fw-it esto_fw-la plato_n war_n be_v of_o two_o sortt_n defensive_a and_o offensive_a the_o one_o to_o resist_v the_o other_o to_o invade_v against_o desence_n nothing_o can_v be_v say_v because_o it_o be_v natural_a and_o necessary_a est_fw-la non_fw-la modo_fw-la justum_fw-la sed_fw-la 〈◊〉_d necessariam_fw-la cum_fw-la vi_fw-la vis_fw-la illat_n a_fw-fr desenditur_fw-la cic._n defensive_a war_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o to_o defend_v thy_o own_o or_o thy_o friend_n for_o it_o be_v reason_n that_o every_o one_o shall_v keep_v secure_o that_o which_o to_o he_o appertain_v and_o therewith_o also_o by_o arm_n to_o defend_v the_o liberty_n of_o country_n parent_n and_o friend_n nullum_fw-la bellum_fw-la a_o civitate_fw-la suscipitur_fw-la nisi_fw-la aut_fw-la pro_fw-la side_n aut_fw-la pro_fw-la salute_n cic._n the_o like_a reason_n lead_v we_o to_o assist_v and_o protect_v friend_n for_o the_o common_a obligation_n of_o humanc_n society_n do_v so_o require_v qui_fw-la enim_fw-la non_fw-la obsistit_fw-la si_fw-la potest_fw-la injuriae_fw-la tam_fw-la est_fw-la in_o vitio_fw-la quam_fw-la si_fw-la parent_n aut_fw-la patriam_fw-la aut_fw-la socios_fw-la deserat_fw-la cic._n invasion_n be_v also_o just_a and_o allowable_a but_o not_o ever_o for_o whoso_o have_v be_v rob_v or_o spoil_v of_o his_o land_n or_o good_n may_v lawful_o seek_v repossession_n by_o force_n yet_o so_o as_o before_o any_o force_n be_v use_v he_o first_o civil_o seek_v restitution_n wherein_o be_v justice_n be_v deny_v then_o be_v the_o use_n of_o arm_n necessary_a justum_fw-la bellum_fw-la quibus_fw-la necessarium_fw-la &_o pia_fw-la arma_fw-la quibus_fw-la nulla_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la relinquitur_fw-la spes_fw-la liv._o likewise_o invasion_n be_v lawsul_n against_o barbarian_n who_o religion_n and_o impiety_n ought_v to_o be_v abhor_v chiesly_a if_o they_o be_v potent_a and_o apt_a to_o offend_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o such_o war_n be_v compulsion_n and_o suppression_n of_o evil_n cui_fw-la licentia_fw-la iniquitatis_fw-la eripitur_fw-la utiliter_fw-la vincitur_fw-la august_n final_o to_o conclude_v this_o matter_n of_o invasion_n i_o say_v that_o no_o revenge_n no_o desire_n of_o honour_n or_o empire_n be_v any_o lawful_a cause_n of_o war_n but_o the_o intent_n thereof_o aught_o to_o be_v direct_v only_o to_o defence_n and_o security_n for_o wise_a man_n do_v take_v arm_n to_o win_v peace_n and_o in_o hope_n of_o rest_n they_o endure_v travel_n it_o a_o bellum_fw-la suscipiatur_fw-la ut_fw-la nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la quam_fw-la pax_fw-la quaesita_fw-la videatur_fw-la cic._n have_v say_v somewhat_o against_o unjust_a war_n let_v we_o speak_v of_o temerity_n and_o unadvised_a war_n a_o enterprise_n worthy_a discommendation_n omnes_fw-la bellum_fw-la sumunt_fw-la facile_fw-la oegerrime_fw-la desinunt_fw-la nec_fw-la in_o ejusdem_fw-la potestate_fw-la initium_fw-la &_o sinis_fw-la est_fw-la sal._n a_o wise_a 〈◊〉_d rinse_v theresore_n ought_v neither_o to_o undertake_v any_o unlawful_a invasion_n nor_o without_o sober_a and_o mature_a deliberation_n enter_v into_o any_o war_n as_o he_o that_o be_v unwilling_a to_o oftend_v yet_o of_o courage_n enough_o to_o descend_v nec_fw-la provoces_fw-la bellum_fw-la nec_fw-la timeas_fw-la plin._n to_o make_v war_n three_o thing_n be_v require_v money_n man_n and_o arm_n and_o to_o maintain_v a_o war_n provision_n and_o council_n be_v needsul_n theresore_n a_o wise_a prince_n before_o he_o begin_v a_o war_n do_v careful_o consider_v what_o force_n and_o charge_n thereunto_o belong_v diu_n apparandum_fw-la est_fw-la bellum_fw-la ut_fw-la vincas_fw-la melius_fw-la pub._n above_o all_o other_o provision_n care_n must_v be_v have_v that_o bread_n be_v not_o want_v for_o without_o it_o neither_o victory_n nor_o life_n can_v be_v look_v for_o qui_fw-la frumentum_fw-la necessariumque_fw-la commeatum_fw-la non_fw-la praeparat_fw-la vincitur_fw-la sine_fw-la ferro_fw-la vegetius_n last_o it_o behove_v a_o prince_n always_o to_o have_v arm_n in_o readiness_n i_o mean_v harness_n horse_n weapon_n artillery_n engine_n powder_n and_o every_o other_o thing_n necessary_a either_o for_o service_n on_o horse_n or_o foot_n we_o may_v add_v hereunto_o ship_n and_o ship_n of_o all_o sort_n with_o every_o furniture_n of_o offence_n or_o defence_n for_o these_o preparation_n make_v a_o prince_n sormidable_a because_o no_o man_n dare_v do_v or_o attempt_v injury_n to_o that_o king_n or_o people_n where_o preparation_n be_v ever_o ready_a to_o revenge_v queen_n desider_v at_o pacem_fw-la praeparat_fw-la bellum_fw-la cass._n by_o man_n we_o mean_v a_o multitude_n of_o subject_n arm_v train_v to_o descend_v or_o offend_v these_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n captain_n and_o soldier_n and_o soldier_n be_v either_o footman_n or_o horseman_n the_o one_o of_o great_a use_n in_o the_o champion_n the_o other_o in_o mountainous_a place_n also_o for_o defence_n or_o assault_n of_o town_n or_o ground_n fortify_v most_o necessary_a and_o consequent_o meet_v for_o service_n in_o all_o place_n which_o move_v tacitus_n to_o say_v omne_fw-la in_o pedite_fw-la robur_fw-la tac._n for_o sudden_a service_n horse_n do_v seem_v most_o meet_a and_o the_o execution_n of_o any_o enterprise_n be_v by_o they_o most_o speedy_o perform_v nevertheless_o the_o action_n of_o footman_n do_v seem_v most_o certain_o execute_v chiesly_a if_o they_o be_v well_o arm_v and_o skilful_o lead_v for_o so_o experience_n have_v of_o late_a time_n prove_v beside_o that_o they_o be_v of_o less_o expense_n and_o of_o great_a number_n in_o universum_fw-la aestimanti_fw-la plus_fw-la in_o pedite_fw-la robur_fw-la tac._n have_v thus_o prove_v that_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n be_v necessary_a let_v we_o remember_v that_o unless_o they_o be_v serviceable_a great_a number_n be_v to_o small_a purpose_n manibus_fw-la opus_fw-la est_fw-la bello_fw-la non_fw-la mult_fw-la be_v nominibus_fw-la livi._n to_o make_v soldier_n serviceable_a consist_v in_o good_a choice_n and_o good_a discipline_n the_o one_o at_o this_o day_n little_o regard_v emunt_fw-la militem_fw-la non_fw-la legunt_fw-la livi._n soldier_n ought_v to_o be_v elect_v out_o of_o the_o most_o honest_a and_o able_a number_n of_o body_n and_o every_o company_n compose_v of_o man_n know_v one_o to_o the_o other_o for_o thereby_o they_o be_v make_v the_o more_o confident_a but_o hereof_o be_v small_a heed_n take_v for_o common_o they_o be_v purgamenta_fw-la urbium_fw-la suarum_fw-la curt._n touch_v discipline_n it_o seem_v that_o thereof_o the_o external_a form_n and_o not_o the_o certain_a substance_n be_v observe_v for_o as_o in_o former_a age_n soldier_n endeavour_v to_o be_v virtuous_a and_o modest_a so_o now_o they_o rather_o study_v to_o excel_v in_o riot_n than_o in_o martial_a knowledge_n exercitus_fw-la lingua_fw-la quam_fw-la manu_fw-la promptior_fw-la praedator_fw-la est_fw-la sociis_fw-la &_o ipsa_fw-la praeda_fw-la hostiam_fw-la sal._n for_o as_o much_o as_o soldier_n be_v make_v good_a by_o election_n and_o choice_n it_o seem_v that_o the_o foundation_n and_o ground_n of_o service_n consist_v in_o the_o discretion_n and_o judgement_n of_o those_o that_o have_v authority_n to_o make_v election_n yet_o will_v we_o add_v that_o they_o must_v be_v choose_v of_o natural_a subject_n for_o stranger_n be_v covetous_a and_o consequent_o corruptible_a they_o be_v also_o mutinous_a and_o cowardly_a their_o custom_n likewise_o be_v to_o rob_v burn_v and_o spoil_v both_o friend_n and_o foe_n and_o to_o consume_v the_o prince_n treasure_n ossa_fw-la vides_fw-la regum_fw-la vacuis_fw-la exsuct_v a_o medullis_fw-la juven_n but_o the_o native_a soldier_n be_v faithful_a and_o obedient_a resolute_a in_o fight_n love_v to_o his_o country_n and_o loyal_a to_o his_o prince_n gentes_fw-la quae_fw-la sub_fw-la regibus_fw-la sunt_fw-la pro_fw-la deo_fw-la colunt_fw-la curt._n native_a soldier_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n viz._n they_o that_o be_v in_o continual_a pay_n and_o they_o that_o be_v train_v ready_a to_o serve_v but_o do_v not_o withstand_v attend_v their_o own_o
the_o quality_n require_v in_o a_o chieftain_n be_v these_o skill_n virtue_n providence_n authority_n and_o fortune_n by_o skill_n we_o mean_v he_o shall_v be_v of_o great_a knowledge_n and_o long_a experience_n or_o to_o make_v a_o suffieient_a captain_n the_o information_n of_o other_o or_o his_o own_o read_n be_v not_o enough_o qui_fw-la norit_fw-la quis_fw-la ordo_fw-la agminis_fw-la quae_fw-la cura_fw-la exploandi_fw-la quantus_fw-la urgendo_fw-la trahendove_n bello_fw-la modus_fw-la cic._n military_a virtue_n be_v a_o certain_a vigour_n or_o force_n both_o of_o body_n and_o mind_n to_o exercise_v soldier_n as_o well_o in_o feign_a war_n as_o to_o sight_n with_o the_o enemy_n and_o summary_o a_o captain_n ought_v to_o be_v laboriosus_fw-la in_o negotio_fw-la fortis_fw-la in_o periculo_fw-la industrius_fw-la in_o agendo_fw-la celeris_fw-la in_o conficiendo_fw-la cic._n next_o to_o virtue_n we_o place_v providence_n as_o necessary_a in_o great_a captain_n for_o be_v of_o such_o wisdom_n they_o will_v not_o hazard_v nor_o commit_v more_o to_o fortune_n than_o necessity_n shall_v enforce_v yet_o true_a it_o be_v fool_n and_o vulgar_a folk_n that_o commend_v or_o discommend_v action_n according_a to_o success_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v cunctatio_fw-la servilis_fw-la statim_fw-la exequi_fw-la regium_fw-la est_fw-la but_o advise_v and_o provident_a captain_n do_v think_v temerit_v as_o praeterquam_fw-la quod_fw-la stulta_fw-la est_fw-la etiam_fw-la infelix_fw-la livi._n albeit_o providence_n be_v the_o best_a mean_n of_o good_a speed_n yet_o some_o captain_n of_o that_o quality_n and_o in_o skill_n excel_v have_v be_v in_o their_o action_n unlucky_a when_o other_o of_o less_o sufficiency_n have_v marvellous_o prevail_v we_o may_v therefore_o reasonable_o say_v with_o cic._n quod_fw-la olim_fw-la maximo_fw-la marcello_n scipioni_n mario_n &_o caeteris_fw-la magnis_fw-la imperatoribus_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la propter_fw-la virtutem_fw-la sed_fw-la etiam_fw-la propter_fw-la fortunam_fw-la soepius_fw-la imperia_fw-la mandata_fw-la atque_fw-la exercitus_fw-la esse_fw-la commissos_fw-la cic._n last_o we_o wish_v authority_n to_o be_v in_o chieftain_n for_o it_o great_o import_v what_o opinion_n or_o conceit_n the_o enemy_n have_v of_o such_o a_o governor_n and_o likewise_o how_o much_o his_o friend_n and_o confederate_n do_v esteem_v he_o but_o the_o chief_a and_o only_o mean_v to_o maintain_v authority_n be_v austerity_n and_o terror_n dux_n authoritatem_fw-la maximam_fw-la severitate_fw-la sumat_fw-la omnes_fw-la culpas_fw-la militares_fw-la legibus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d nulli_fw-la errantium_fw-la credatur_fw-la ignoscere_fw-la veget._n also_o experience_n have_v prove_v that_o such_o chieftain_n as_o be_v affable_a and_o kind_a to_o their_o soldier_n be_v much_o love_v yet_o do_v they_o incur_v a_o contempt_n but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n those_o that_o command_v severe_o and_o terrible_o although_o they_o gain_v no_o good_a will_n yet_o be_v they_o ever_o obey_v dux_n sacilis_fw-la inutilis_fw-la app._n chap._n xxiii_o of_o council_n in_o war_n and_o direction_n tactick_a and_o stratagematick_a with_o advice_n how_o to_o make_v a_o honourable_a peace_n after_o man_n find_v and_o frame_v sit_v for_o the_o war_n to_o small_a or_o no_o purpose_n shall_v they_o serve_v unless_o they_o be_v 〈◊〉_d by_o wisdom_n or_o good_a council_n mon_fw-fr minus_fw-la est_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la consilio_fw-la quam_fw-la vi_fw-la persicere_fw-la tac._n council_n in_o war_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n direct_a council_n and_o indirect_a the_o first_o show_v a_o plain_a and_o orderly_a course_n for_o proceed_v as_o to_o lay_v hold_n on_o occasion_n for_o as_o in_o all_o other_o humane_a action_n occasion_n 〈◊〉_d of_o great_a force_n occasio_fw-la in_o bello_fw-la solet_fw-la amplius_fw-la juvare_fw-la quam_fw-la virtus_fw-la veget._n as_o occasion_n present_v be_v mean_n of_o good_a success_n so_o fame_n work_v 〈◊〉_d effect_n in_o the_o war_n therefore_o it_o 〈◊〉_d a_o captain_n to_o be_v constant_a and_o not_o 〈◊〉_d to_o believe_v the_o vain_a rumour_n and_o report_n of_o man_n male_a imperatur_fw-la cum_fw-la regit_fw-la vulgus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d suos_fw-la sen._n confidence_n be_v also_o to_o be_v eschew_v for_o no_o man_n be_v soon_o surprise_v than_o he_o who_o fear_v least_o also_o contempt_n of_o the_o enemy_n have_v be_v occasion_n of_o great_a discomfiture_n therefore_o as_o a_o captain_n ought_v not_o to_o fear_v so_o shall_v he_o not_o contemn_v his_o enemy_n nimia_fw-la fiducia_fw-la semper_fw-la obnoxia_fw-la aemyl_n as_o security_n and_o overmuch_o estimation_n of_o our_o own_o virtue_n or_o valour_n be_v hurtful_a so_o do_v it_o import_v every_o good_a captain_n to_o be_v well_o inform_v not_o only_o of_o his_o own_o force_n but_o also_o of_o what_o strength_n the_o enemy_n be_v likewise_o it_o behove_v he_o to_o know_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o country_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o people_n with_o every_o other_o circumstance_n moreover_o the_o general_n honour_n and_o capacity_n ought_v to_o be_v know_v with_o the_o condition_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o enemy_n impetus_fw-la acre_n cunctatione_n languescunt_fw-la aut_fw-la in_o persidiam_fw-la mutantur_fw-la tac._n temerity_n in_o war_n be_v also_o dangerous_a sor_n wise_a captain_n be_v wont_a not_o to_o enterprise_n any_o thing_n without_o deliberation_n and_o good_a opportunity_n unless_o they_o be_v thereunto_o by_o necessity_n enforce_v in_o rebus_fw-la asperis_fw-la &_o tenui_fw-la spe_fw-la fortissima_fw-la quaque_fw-la consilia_fw-la tulissima_fw-la sunt_fw-la livi._n some_o wise_a man_n not_o superstitious_o but_o discreet_o do_v think_v prodigious_a sign_n from_o heaven_n or_o on_o earth_n be_v not_o to_o be_v neglect_v neither_o be_v dream_n in_o time_n of_o war_n to_o be_v contemn_v nam_fw-la amat_fw-la benignit_fw-la as_o numinis_fw-la seu_fw-la quod_fw-la merentur_fw-la homines_fw-la seu_fw-la quod_fw-la tangitur_fw-la eorum_fw-la affectione_n his_o quoque_fw-la rationibus_fw-la prodere_fw-la quae_fw-la impendent_a aemi_n a_o wise_a captain_n will_v also_o wait_v opportunity_n and_o spy_v out_o fit_a time_n when_o the_o enemy_n be_v weary_v or_o pretend_v fear_n draw_v he_o into_o danger_n which_o advantage_n with_o many_o other_o be_v gain_v chiesly_a by_o observe_v of_o time_n quia_fw-la si_fw-la in_o occasionis_fw-la momento_n cujus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d opportunit_v as_o cunct_v at_o we_o paulum_fw-la fueris_fw-la nequicquam_fw-la mox_fw-la omissam_fw-la querare_fw-la livi._n next_o the_o observation_n of_o time_n the_o place_n be_v to_o be_v well_o consider_v whether_o it_o be_v for_o thy_o advantage_n or_o thy_o enemy_n amplius_fw-la prodest_fw-la locus_fw-la saepe_fw-la quam_fw-la virtus_fw-la veget._n three_o it_o import_v much_o that_o man_n be_v well_o order_v train_v and_o prepare_v for_o the_o fight_n for_o the_o want_n of_o art_n be_v cause_n of_o many_o disadvantage_n and_o many_o time_n a_o small_a supply_n of_o choice_a soldier_n on_o horseback_n or_o foot_n do_v seem_v to_o the_o enemy_n very_o terrible_a likewise_o a_o sudden_a shout_n or_o conceit_n have_v amaze_v a_o whole_a army_n milites_fw-la vanis_fw-la &_o inanibus_fw-la magis_fw-la quam_fw-la justis_fw-la formidinis_fw-la causis_fw-la moventur_fw-la curt._n four_o it_o be_v to_o good_a purpose_n that_o in_o order_v of_o man_n for_o fight_n soldiers_z of_o one_o country_n or_o nation_n shall_v be_v range_v together_o and_o above_o all_o to_o foresee_v that_o the_o least_o loss_n of_o blood_n be_v among_o the_o natural_a subject_n and_o so_o handle_v the_o matter_n that_o the_o chief_a slaughter_n light_n upon_o stranger_n and_o mercenary_n ingens_fw-la victoriae_fw-la decus_fw-la citra_fw-la domesticum_fw-la sanguinem_fw-la bellanti_fw-la tac._n the_o general_n own_o courage_n and_o lively_a disposition_n to_o fight_n will_v great_o animate_v the_o multitude_n of_o soldier_n as_o a_o contrary_a 〈◊〉_d or_o appearance_n of_o fear_n will_n exceed_o amaze_v and_o daunt_v necesse_fw-la estad_fw-es fugam_fw-la parati_fw-la sint_fw-la qui_fw-la ducem_fw-la suum_fw-la sentiunt_fw-la desperare_fw-la veget._n it_o be_v also_o for_o thy_o great_a advantage_n that_o the_o force_n shall_v be_v order_v for_o the_o fight_n before_o the_o enemy_n be_v prepare_v first_o for_o that_o thou_o may_v the_o better_o perform_v what_o thou_o think_v fit_a to_o be_v do_v second_o that_o thereby_o thy_o own_o force_n will_v thereof_o receive_v great_a courage_n be_v ready_a to_o assail_v the_o enemy_n and_o to_o begin_v the_o fight_n plus_fw-fr animi_fw-la est_fw-la inferenti_fw-la periculum_fw-la quam_fw-la propulsanti_fw-la livi._n after_o victory_n it_o be_v not_o the_o best_a policy_n to_o execute_v the_o enemy_n with_o extreme_a cruelty_n but_o proceed_v moderate_o for_o it_o shall_v suffice_v the_o victory_n be_v thou_o clausis_fw-la ex_fw-la desperatione_n crescit_fw-la audacia_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la spei_fw-la nihil_fw-la est_fw-la sumit_fw-la arma_fw-la fermido_fw-la veget._n last_o i_o will_v advise_v that_o the_o general_n shall_v be_v wary_a in_o his_o action_n and_o in_o every_o enterprise_n to_o frustrate_v the_o soldier_n from_o spoil_n and_o pillage_n saepe_fw-la obstitit_fw-la vincentibus_fw-la pravum_fw-la inter_fw-la ipsos_fw-la certamen_fw-la 〈◊〉_d host_n spolia_fw-la consectanda_fw-la tac._n of_o direct_a council_n let_v that_o we_o have_v say_v suffice_v
we_o will_v now_o speak_v of_o council_n indirect_a common_o call_v by_o the_o greek_a word_n stratagem_n or_o subtle_a practice_n which_o manner_n of_o proceed_v have_v be_v in_o time_n past_a of_o divers_a grave_a writer_n condemn_v ʋir_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d &_o clanculum_fw-la velit_fw-la oscidere_fw-la hoslem_fw-la eurip._n notwithstanding_o the_o opinion_n of_o this_o and_o divers_a other_o writer_n worthy_a credit_n it_o seem_v reasonable_a and_o in_o piety_n allowable_a that_o stratagem_n and_o subtlety_n may_v be_v use_v in_o the_o war_n yet_o with_o such_o caution_n as_o the_o same_o may_v stand_v with_o fidelity_n and_o honour_n for_o fraud_n be_v use_v contrary_a to_o contract_n and_o agreement_n make_v with_o the_o enemy_n be_v mere_a treachery_n as_o to_o poison_n he_o or_o she_o a_o murderer_n to_o kill_v he_o be_v plain_a impiety_n faederatum_fw-la injust_a fallere_fw-la impium_fw-la livi._n also_o out_o of_o the_o war_n covert_o to_o kill_v a_o particular_a enemy_n by_o secret_a assault_n or_o practice_n be_v not_o warrantable_a either_o by_o faith_n or_o honour_n yet_o to_o use_v all_o craft_n cunning_a and_o subtilty_n in_o open_a war_n be_v both_o allowable_a and_o praisable_a and_o so_o be_v think_v by_o christian_a writer_n cum_fw-la justum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d suscipitur_fw-la ut_fw-la aperte_fw-la pugnet_fw-la quis_fw-la aut_fw-la ex_fw-la insidiis_fw-la nihil_fw-la ad_fw-la justitiam_fw-la interest_n aug._n the_o same_o be_v also_o approve_a by_o divers_a author_n of_o good_a credit_n consice_n sive_fw-la dolo_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d cominus_fw-la euse_fw-fr the_o same_o be_v also_o 〈◊〉_d by_o xenophon_n reipsa_fw-la nihil_fw-la utilius_fw-la in_o bello_fw-la dolis_fw-la thus_o have_v brief_o touch_v what_o counsel_n be_v require_v in_o war_n let_v we_o consider_v how_o victory_n be_v to_o be_v use_v for_o the_o end_n of_o every_o good_a war_n be_v peace_n to_o the_o enjoy_n whereof_o three_o thing_n be_v require_v wariness_n mercy_n and_o modesty_n because_o overgreat_a confidence_n may_v happy_o impeach_v the_o end_n of_o good_a success_n res_fw-la secundae_fw-la negligentiam_fw-la creant_fw-la livi._n i_o also_o wish_v the_o victory_n to_o be_v handle_v merciful_o because_o all_o conquest_n be_v in_o their_o own_o nature_n cruel_a enough_o and_o the_o ire_n of_o insolent_a soldier_n force_n the_o conquer_a to_o become_v desperate_a gravissime_fw-la morsus_fw-la irritate_fw-la necessitatis_fw-la curt._n to_o proceed_v modest_o be_v also_o and_o honourable_a quality_n in_o he_o that_o conquer_v for_o in_o prosperous_a fortune_n man_n do_v hardly_o refrain_v covetous_a and_o proud_a do_n yea_o some_o good_a and_o great_a captain_n have_v in_o like_a case_n forget_v what_o do_v best_a become_v they_o in_o rebus_fw-la secundis_fw-la etiam_fw-la 〈◊〉_d deuce_n insolescunt_fw-la tac._n after_o victory_n follow_v peace_n for_o if_o war_n do_v ever_o continue_v no_o state_n or_o government_n can_v stand_v therefore_o how_o great_a or_o how_o long_o soever_o the_o war_n be_v the_o end_n must_v be_v peace_n the_o name_n whereof_o be_v not_o only_o sweet_a but_o also_o comfortable_a pax_fw-la una_fw-la triumphis_fw-la innumeris_fw-la potior_fw-la peace_n be_v not_o only_o good_a and_o profitable_a to_o he_o that_o be_v victorious_a but_o also_o to_o those_o that_o be_v victor_v pacem_fw-la reduci_fw-la velle_fw-la victori_fw-la expedit_fw-la victo_fw-la necesse_fw-la est_fw-la tac._n nevertheless_o until_o good_a and_o honourable_a peace_n be_v offer_v arm_n may_v not_o be_v lay_v aside_o wherein_o i_o wish_v tully_n advice_n to_o be_v follow_v bellum_fw-la gerendum_fw-la est_fw-la si_fw-la bellum_fw-la omittemus_fw-la pace_fw-la nunquam_fw-la fruemur_fw-la livi._n in_o treaty_n of_o peace_n two_o thing_n must_v be_v consider_v first_o that_o the_o condition_n be_v honourable_a to_o condescend_v to_o any_o base_a condition_n be_v unto_o a_o princely_a mind_n not_o only_o great_a indignity_n but_o also_o intolerable_a cum_fw-la dignitate_fw-la potius_fw-la cadendum_fw-la quam_fw-la cum_fw-la ignominia_fw-la serviendum_fw-la plut._n it_o also_o import_v the_o peace_n shall_v be_v simple_a true_a and_o unseigned_a for_o all_o seigned_a and_o dissemble_a amity_n be_v to_o be_v doubt_v pace_n suspecta_fw-la tutius_fw-la est_fw-la bellum_fw-la mithrid_n the_o fit_a season_n to_o speak_v of_o peace_n be_v either_o when_o the_o war_n begin_v or_o during_o the_o time_n that_o the_o enemy_n be_v of_o equal_a force_n for_o if_o the_o war_n continue_v it_o must_v behoove_v the_o weak_a to_o yield_v to_o necessity_n not_o unlike_o the_o shipmaster_n who_o to_o save_v himself_o do_v cast_v the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o load_n into_o the_o sea_n necessitati_fw-la pair_v quam_fw-la ne_fw-la dil_n quidem_fw-la superant_fw-la livi._n final_o have_v generous_o defend_v thyself_o and_o perform_v all_o thing_n require_v in_o a_o magnanimous_a captain_n and_o find_v nevertheless_o thy_o force_n insufficient_a it_o can_v be_v dishonourable_a to_o accept_v peace_n wherefore_o lay_v aside_o hatred_n and_o hope_n which_o be_v but_o weak_a supporter_n thou_o may_v recommend_v thou_o and_o thou_o to_o the_o approve_a discretion_n of_o a_o honourable_a enemy_n victores_fw-la secundae_fw-la res_fw-la in_o miserationem_fw-la ex_fw-la ira_fw-la vertunt_fw-la livi._n now_o for_o as_o as_o much_o as_o every_o peace_n promise_v rest_n and_o quiet_v as_o well_o to_o the_o victorious_a as_o to_o the_o victored_a we_o may_v add_v thereunto_o that_o the_o prince_n victorious_a receive_v thereby_o honour_n profit_n and_o security_n for_o although_o his_o happiness_n may_v occasion_v hope_n of_o great_a success_n yet_o in_o respect_n of_o fortune_n mutability_n it_o shall_v be_v good_a and_o glorious_a to_o listen_v to_o peace_n decorum_n principi_fw-la est_fw-la cum_fw-la victoriam_fw-la prope_fw-la in_o manibus_fw-la habeat_fw-la pacem_fw-la non_fw-la abnuere_fw-la ut_fw-la sciant_fw-la omnes_fw-la te_fw-la &_o suscipere_fw-la just_a bellum_fw-la &_o finire_fw-la livi._n it_o seem_v also_o the_o more_o honourable_a for_o who_o so_o be_v victorious_a do_v give_v peace_n and_o not_o take_v it_o he_o also_o show_v himself_o discreet_a by_o use_v a_o moderation_n in_o victory_n and_o no_o extremity_n in_o spoil_v which_o our_o wise_a and_o godly_a writer_n have_v commend_v pacem_fw-la contemnentes_fw-la &_o gloriam_fw-la appetentes_fw-la pacem_fw-la perdunt_fw-la &_o gloriam_fw-la bern._n peace_n be_v also_o profitable_a for_o the_o victorious_a because_o continual_a war_n breed_v weariness_n and_o of_o violent_a proceed_v desperation_n and_o peril_n come_v maximi_fw-la &_o mortiferi_fw-la morsus_fw-la esse_fw-la solent_fw-la morientium_fw-la bestiarum_fw-la sen._n likewise_o peace_n be_v more_o assure_v than_o any_o victory_n hope_v of_o the_o one_o be_v in_o thy_o own_o power_n the_o other_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o god_n add_v thereunto_o the_o force_n of_o fortune_n which_o have_v great_a power_n in_o all_o humane_a action_n in_o rebus_fw-la secundis_fw-la nihil_fw-la in_o quenquam_fw-la superb_fw-la ac_fw-la violent_a consulere_fw-la decet_fw-la nec_fw-la praesenti_fw-la credere_fw-la fortunae_fw-la cum_fw-la quid_fw-la vesper_n several_z incertus_fw-la sis_fw-la sen._n also_o condition_n of_o peace_n ought_v to_o be_v reasonable_o and_o free_o bestow_v for_o no_o people_n can_v live_v content_v under_o such_o a_o law_n as_o force_v they_o to_o loathe_v the_o state_n wherein_o they_o be_v miserable_fw-la pax_fw-la bello_fw-la bene_fw-la mutatur_fw-la sen._n chap._n xxiv_o of_o civil_a war_n with_o the_o cause_n and_o remedy_n thereof_o the_o great_a and_o most_o grievous_a calamity_n that_o can_v come_v to_o any_o state_n be_v civil_a war_n for_o therein_o subject_n take_v arm_n against_o their_o prince_n or_o among_o themselves_o whereof_o follow_v a_o misery_n more_o lamentable_a than_o can_v be_v describe_v non_fw-la aet_fw-la as_o non_fw-la dignit_fw-la as_o quenquam_fw-la protegit_fw-la quo_fw-la minus_fw-la stupra_fw-la caedibus_fw-la &_o caedes_fw-la stupris_fw-la misceantur_fw-la tac._n the_o first_o cause_n of_o civil_a war_n proceed_v of_o destiny_n for_o god_n in_o his_o own_o divine_a providence_n forsee_v many_o year_n before_o that_o great_a and_o mighty_a empire_n shall_v be_v ruin_v in_o se_fw-la magna_fw-la 〈◊〉_d laetis_fw-la hinc_fw-la numinarebus_fw-la crescendi_fw-la posuere_fw-la modum_fw-la s_o lucan_n the_o second_o cause_n be_v excess_n riot_n and_o dissolute_a life_n for_o nothing_o breed_v civil_a fury_n so_o soon_o as_o over_o great_a happiness_n also_o pompous_a apparel_n banquet_v and_o prodigal_a spend_v consume_v riches_n and_o plenty_n be_v turn_v into_o poverty_n for_o by_o these_o mean_n be_v man_n bring_v into_o desperation_n rapacissimo_fw-la cuique_fw-la ac_fw-la perditiffimo_fw-la non_fw-la agri_fw-la aut_fw-la 〈◊〉_d sed_fw-la sola_fw-la instrumenta_fw-la vitiorum_fw-la manebunt_fw-la tac._n now_o to_o consider_v how_o destiny_n may_v be_v eschew_v be_v in_o vain_a for_o such_o a_o remedy_n no_o wit_n or_o wisdom_n can_v devise_v be_v the_o decree_n of_o god_n no_o doubt_n it_o be_v inevitable_a ita_fw-la fato_fw-la placuit_fw-la nullius_fw-la rei_fw-la eodem_fw-la semper_fw-la loco_fw-la stare_v fortunam_fw-la sen._n there_o be_v nothing_o exempt_a from_o the_o peril_n of_o mutation_n the_o earth_n heaven_n and_o whole_a world_n
indigna_fw-es digna_fw-la habenda_fw-la sunt_fw-la rex_fw-la quae_fw-la facit_fw-la sen._n and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o use_n of_o vulgar_a people_n to_o find_v fault_n in_o the_o long_a reign_n of_o prince_n so_o the_o ambition_n of_o great_a subject_n be_v desirous_a of_o novelty_n proesens_n imperium_fw-la subditis_fw-la semper_fw-la grave_n thucyd._n to_o conclude_v we_o say_v that_o the_o best_a remedy_n against_o tyranny_n be_v patience_n for_o so_o long_o as_o man_n be_v so_o long_o will_v vice_n be_v regum_fw-la ingenia_fw-la toleranda_fw-la neque_fw-la usui_fw-la crebrae_fw-la mutationes_fw-la tac._n chap._n xxv_o a_o collection_n of_o political_a observation_n confirm_v by_o reason_n and_o experience_n advertise_v prince_n statesman_n and_o private_a person_n how_o to_o demean_v themselves_o in_o all_o fortune_n and_o event_n to_o the_o perfection_n of_o man_n three_o thing_n be_v necessary_o require_v nature_n nurture_n and_o use_n the_o first_o give_v capacity_n aptness_n and_o understanding_n which_o be_v grace_n from_o above_o nurture_n be_v learning_n knowledge_n art_n or_o order_n use_v be_v practice_n experience_n and_o orderly_a observation_n whereof_o may_v be_v conceive_v that_o nature_n alone_o susfice_v not_o nor_o can_v nurture_n work_v any_o good_a effect_n where_o natural_a aptness_n want_v and_o they_o can_v frame_v no_o perfection_n unless_o experience_n be_v also_o conjoin_v nemo_fw-la nascitur_fw-la sapiens_fw-la sed_fw-la fit_n sen._n ambassador_n negotiant_n and_o general_o all_o other_o minister_n of_o mean_a fortune_n in_o conversation_n with_o prince_n and_o superior_n must_v use_v great_a respect_n show_v themselves_o rather_o ceremonious_a than_o presumptuous_a and_o acknowledge_v their_o obligation_n great_a for_o the_o favour_n and_o grace_n they_o find_v in_o those_o which_o may_v command_v they_o it_o be_v no_o wisdom_n ever_o to_o commend_v or_o discommend_v the_o action_n of_o man_n by_o their_o success_n for_o ofttentimes_a some_o enterprise_n attempt_v by_o good_a counsel_n end_v unsortnate_o and_o other_o unadvised_o take_v in_o hand_n have_v happy_a success_n who_o so_o then_o commend_v inconsiderate_a counsel_n for_o their_o fortunate_a event_n thereby_o encourage_v man_n to_o jar_n and_o discomfort_v the_o wise_a sort_n to_o speak_v what_o they_o know_v and_o by_o experience_n have_v prove_v in_o action_n public_a and_o every_o other_o matter_n of_o great_a moment_n the_o beginning_n be_v well_o to_o be_v consider_v for_o afterward_o it_o lie_v not_o in_o our_o power_n without_o dishonour_n to_o abandon_v what_o be_v begin_v the_o time_n do_v not_o always_o serve_v nor_o be_v apt_a occasion_n always_o offer_v to_o enterprise_n what_o will_v yer_z who_o so_o do_v expect_v every_o opportunity_n shall_v either_o attempt_v nothing_o at_o all_o or_o if_o he_o do_v the_o same_o for_o the_o most_o part_n turn_v to_o his_o own_o disadvantage_n when_o any_o resolution_n be_v take_v either_o with_o over_o great_a haste_n or_o too_o much_o affection_n seldom_o it_o receive_v good_a success_n for_o he_o that_o do_v the_o one_o have_v no_o leisure_n to_o consider_v the_o other_o transport_v the_o mind_n so_o as_o it_o can_v conceive_v more_o than_o that_o which_o present_o press_v to_o these_o we_o add_v other_o i_o mean_v some_o of_o they_o that_o have_v leisure_n and_o be_v void_a of_o affection_n yet_o for_o want_v of_o natural_a capacity_n or_o for_o continual_a negligence_n in_o their_o do_n never_o bring_v any_o thing_n well_o to_o pass_v who_o so_o desire_v to_o be_v belove_v in_o a_o commonwealth_n must_v rest_v content_a with_o that_o which_o man_n do_v give_v and_o the_o law_n allow_v he_o to_o take_v so_o shall_v he_o neither_o incur_v danger_n nor_o envy_n for_o indeed_o that_o which_o be_v take_v or_o extort_a from_o other_o and_o not_o that_o which_o be_v give_v do_v make_v man_n hate_v arm_n law_n and_o religion_n may_v not_o in_o any_o well_o govern_v state_n be_v disjoin_v every_o one_o of_o they_o in_o particular_a maintain_v they_o all_o unite_a in_o action_n of_o war_n courage_n and_o conduct_n be_v of_o great_a necessity_n yet_o all_o good_a government_n consist_v in_o use_v the_o virtue_n moral_a and_o in_o handle_v the_o matter_n of_o martial_a policy_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o imitate_v the_o proceed_n of_o ancient_a and_o approve_a captain_n among_o mortal_a man_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o common_a than_o to_o believe_v the_o estate_n of_o one_o man_n to_o be_v better_a than_o another_o for_o hereof_o it_o come_v that_o every_o one_o endeavore_v rather_o to_o take_v from_o other_o with_o travel_n than_o to_o enjoy_v his_o own_o with_o rest_n the_o state_n of_o prince_n be_v good_a be_v well_o use_v so_o be_v the_o fortune_n of_o private_a man_n if_o therewith_o they_o be_v content_v the_o rich_a man_n live_v happy_o so_o long_o as_o he_o use_v his_o riches_n temperate_o and_o the_o poor_a man_n that_o patient_o endure_v his_o want_n be_v rich_a enough_o whensoever_o a_o man_n be_v so_o dangerous_o distress_v as_o either_o proceed_n or_o stand_v he_o live_v in_o like_a peril_n then_o do_v it_o behoove_v he_o in_o any_o wise_a to_o resolve_v upon_o action_n the_o reason_n be_v that_o so_o long_o as_o nothing_o be_v do_v the_o same_o accident_n that_o cause_v his_o danger_n do_v still_o remain_v in_o their_o former_a force_n but_o if_o he_o endeavour_v to_o enterprise_v somewhat_o either_o he_o may_v meet_v with_o mean_n to_o make_v he_o secure_v or_o at_o the_o hard_a show_v himself_o of_o so_o great_a courage_n and_o wit_n as_o he_o dare_v and_o can_v attempt_v a_o way_n to_o do_v it_o it_o seem_v a_o thing_n of_o great_a difficulty_n or_o rather_o impossible_a for_o any_o prince_n or_o magistrate_n to_o eschew_v the_o evil_a speech_n and_o bad_a report_n of_o man_n for_o if_o they_o be_v good_a and_o virtuous_a than_o they_o incur_v the_o backbiting_a of_o lewd_a person_n if_o evil_a then_o will_v all_o good_a man_n exclaim_v against_o they_o all_o commonwealth_n ought_v to_o desire_v peace_n yet_o it_o be_v necessary_a ever_o to_o be_v prepare_v for_o the_o war_n because_o peace_n disarm_v be_v weak_a and_o without_o reputation_n therefore_o the_o poet_n feign_v that_o pallas_n the_o goddess_n of_o wisdom_n do_v always_o appear_v arm_v every_o prince_n well_o advise_v ought_v to_o govern_v his_o subject_n and_o servant_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o by_o his_o affability_n and_o virtue_n they_o may_v be_v induce_v rather_o to_o serve_v voluntary_o then_o for_o pay_v or_o hope_n of_o preferment_n for_o otherwise_o do_v whensoever_o the_o prince_n shall_v want_v mean_n to_o pay_v the_o subject_n likewise_o will_v fail_v of_o good_a will_n to_o serve_v but_o he_o that_o faithful_o love_v do_v neither_o in_o prosperity_n become_v arrogant_a nor_o in_o contrary_a fortune_n retire_v or_o complain_v of_o the_o small_a favour_n he_o find_v for_o till_o death_n love_n and_o life_n remain_v at_o the_o prince_n commandment_n where_o poor_a man_n find_v justice_n evil_a man_n be_v punish_v measure_n and_o weight_n be_v just_a youth_n well_o nurture_v and_o old_a folk_n free_a from_o avarice_n there_o be_v the_o commonwealth_n good_a and_o perfect_a in_o war_n between_o neighbour_n neutrality_n be_v commendable_a for_o by_o that_o mean_v we_o eschew_v many_o trouble_n and_o great_a expense_n so_o long_o as_o the_o force_n of_o either_o side_n be_v so_o equal_a in_o strength_n as_o we_o need_v not_o to_o fear_v the_o victory_n of_o any_o for_o so_o long_o their_o discord_n be_v our_o security_n and_o ofttentimes_a offer_v we_o mean_n to_o increase_v our_o own_o state_n and_o reputation_n the_o chief_a reason_n to_o move_v war_n be_v the_o sustice_n of_o the_o cause_n the_o facility_n of_o success_n and_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o victory_n in_o all_o humane_a action_n it_o behove_v to_o accommodate_v the_o council_n of_o man_n unto_o present_a necessity_n and_o never_o to_o expose_v security_n to_o manifest_a peril_n nor_o hope_v of_o that_o which_o without_o great_a difficulty_n or_o impossibility_n can_v be_v obtain_v it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o man_n have_v escape_v one_o extreme_a which_o by_o force_n they_o be_v constrain_v long_o to_o endure_v to_o run_v headlong_o into_o the_o other_o extreme_a forget_v that_o virtue_n do_v always_o consist_v in_o the_o mean_v the_o multitude_n be_v incline_v to_o innovation_n and_o easy_o induce_v by_o false_a persuasion_n and_o consequent_o easy_o transport_v by_o seditious_a leader_n man_n be_v natural_o dispose_v to_o fear_v those_o thing_n which_o threaten_v danger_n and_o terror_n yet_o unless_o these_o peril_n by_o some_o new_a accident_n be_v daily_o revive_v that_o fear_v by_o little_a and_o little_o vanish_v and_o security_n recover_v the_o place_n whoso_o find_v himself_o contemn_v or_o not_o respect_v become_v discontent_n which_o humour_n in_o generous_a mind_n breed_v oftentimes_o adventurous_a imagination_n whereof_o audacious_a attempt_n have_v follow_v chief_o in_o
be_v inform_v whether_o that_o which_o be_v undertake_v be_v profitable_a for_o the_o commonweal_n honourable_a to_o themselves_o and_o easy_a to_o be_v effect_v or_o at_o least_o not_o great_o difficult_a also_o he_o that_o persuade_v be_v to_o be_v examine_v whether_o beside_o bare_a word_n and_o counsel_n he_o will_v 〈◊〉_d his_o own_o peril_n and_o if_o fortune_n favour_n the_o attempt_n to_o who_o the_o principal_a glory_n shall_v redound_v the_o peril_n which_o accompany_v private_a enterprise_n be_v far_o unlike_a to_o those_o which_o he_o do_v enter_v that_o aspire_v to_o principality_n for_o in_o private_a attempt_n a_o man_n may_v pause_v or_o proceed_v as_o he_o will_v but_o to_o he_o that_o aspire_v to_o empire_n there_o remain_v no_o middle_a course_n but_o either_o by_o victory_n to_o triumph_v as_o a_o prince_n or_o be_v vanquish_v to_o endure_v death_n as_o a_o traitor_n let_v no_o man_n in_o his_o prosperity_n give_v much_o credit_n to_o common_a applause_n or_o service_n assure_v by_o any_o of_o who_o in_o mean_a fortune_n he_o have_v have_v no_o experience_n for_o the_o base_a people_n be_v learn_v in_o no_o lesson_n only_o without_o difference_n of_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n to_o slatter_v man_n in_o authority_n and_o with_o shout_n and_o word_n of_o great_a rejoice_v make_v show_v of_o great_a affection_n as_o overmuch_o haste_n be_v dangerous_a so_o too_o great_a delay_n oftentimes_o prove_v disadvantageous_a for_o albeit_o consultation_n ought_v to_o forego_v action_n yet_o to_o dispute_v long_o and_o in_o the_o end_n reject_v the_o advice_n of_o either_o side_n or_o take_v a_o middle_a course_n which_o in_o case_n of_o doubt_n and_o danger_n be_v worst_a be_v ever_o account_v great_a diseretion_n there_o be_v no_o course_n more_o comely_a nor_o any_o resolution_n so_o well_o beseem_v a_o wise_a man_n have_v make_v prco_n of_o his_o own_o virtue_n and_o find_v in_o age_n no_o fortune_n due_a to_o such_o effect_n as_o to_o retire_v himself_o from_o the_o court_n and_o company_n for_o so_o shall_v he_o shun_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o contempt_n and_o the_o discommodity_n of_o travel_n jucunda_fw-la senectuti_fw-la otia_fw-la yet_o true_a it_o be_v that_o whoso_o have_v live_v a_o prince_n or_o govern_v as_o a_o public_a person_n can_v expect_v security_n in_o a_o private_a estate_n whensoever_o danger_n draw_v near_o and_o terror_n be_v at_o hand_n all_o man_n look_v about_o but_o none_o willing_o adventure_v for_o in_o such_o case_n every_o man_n will_v give_v council_n but_o few_o will_v take_v part_n of_o the_o peril_n in_o commonwealth_n where_o sect_n or_o partiality_n be_v the_o leader_n of_o any_o side_n be_v able_a to_o kindle_v civil_a war_n yet_o be_v he_o unable_a to_o moderate_v the_o victory_n for_o to_o stir_v up_o dissension_n and_o trouble_n the_o worst_a man_n most_o common_o bear_v the_o stroke_n but_o peace_n and_o quietness_n be_v not_o establish_v but_o by_o man_n of_o rare_a gift_n and_o excellent_a virtue_n it_o may_v seem_v strange_a and_o contrary_a both_o to_o courtesy_n and_o christian_a profession_n that_o man_n be_v far_o more_o mindful_a of_o injury_n do_v unto_o they_o than_o of_o benefit_n receive_v by_o they_o the_o reason_n thereof_o be_v that_o thankfulness_n be_v account_v a_o burden_n but_o revenge_n be_v sweet_a and_o reckon_v a_o great_a gain_n of_o reconcile_a foe_n and_o such_o as_o know_v that_o our_o harm_n be_v cause_v by_o their_o mean_n we_o ofttimes_o expect_v favour_n as_o persuade_v that_o new_a friendship_n will_v repair_v the_o loss_n of_o old_a displeasure_n but_o the_o matter_n do_v seldom_o so_o fall_v out_o for_o the_o quality_n of_o man_n nature_n be_v ever_o to_o hate_v those_o who_o he_o have_v hurt_v and_o love_v they_o who_o he_o have_v make_v behold_v quos_fw-la laeserunt_fw-la oderunt_fw-la tac._n to_o common_a person_n and_o such_o as_o be_v ignorant_a in_o matter_n of_o state_n every_o taxation_n and_o imposition_n seem_v heavy_a or_o superfluous_a yet_o the_o wise_a sort_n know_v that_o the_o end_n of_o all_o public_a endeavour_n be_v to_o confirm_v people_n in_o peace_n and_o peace_n can_v be_v maintain_v without_o arm_n nor_o arm_n without_o pay_n nor_o pay_v without_o imposition_n as_o fortunate_a folk_n be_v envy_v so_o be_v the_o poor_a contemn_v which_o rule_n reach_v also_o to_o prince_n the_o one_o life_n in_o plenty_n with_o war_n the_o other_o in_o poverty_n with_o peace_n for_o 〈◊〉_d be_v it_o see_v that_o those_o people_n be_v assault_v where_o nothing_o be_v to_o be_v gain_v and_o who_o base_a being_n afford_v no_o other_o spoil_n than_o blood_n and_o beggary_n wiseman_n have_v observe_v that_o in_o matter_n of_o state_n and_o the_o manage_n thereof_o three_o thing_n be_v especial_o to_o be_v look_v unto_o the._n first_o be_v occasion_n the_o second_o the_o intention_n of_o other_o man_n the_o three_o our_o own_o affection_n for_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o slip_v away_o so_o soon_o as_o occasion_n nothing_o so_o difficult_a as_o to_o judge_v what_o a_o other_o man_n intend_v nor_o any_o thing_n more_o 〈◊〉_d than_o our_o own_o immoderate_a 〈◊〉_d it_o have_v be_v ever_o a_o course_n observe_v by_o wise_a prince_n but_o much_o more_o by_o arislocracy_n and_o popular_a state_n against_o force_n and_o fury_n of_o the_o multitude_n to_o descend_v themselves_o with_o silver_n and_o gold_n how_o much_o more_o it_o import_v all_o prince_n to_o lead_v a_o virtuous_a life_n and_o give_v daily_a example_n of_o piety_n and_o justice_n appear_v apparent_o in_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o roman_a bishop_n who_o by_o the_o well-doing_n of_o some_o few_o of_o they_o at_o the_o first_o become_v great_o honour_v but_o afterward_o they_o become_v contemptible_a for_o the_o reverence_n which_o man_n do_v bear_v to_o the_o sanctity_n of_o their_o life_n fail_v it_o be_v impossible_a of_o so_o contrary_a manner_n and_o example_n to_o look_v for_o like_a effect_n the_o success_n of_o the_o war_n chief_o depend_v on_o the_o reputation_n of_o the_o prince_n which_o decline_v the_o virtue_n also_o of_o the_o soldier_n fail_v likewise_o the_o sidelity_n of_o the_o people_n decay_v and_o their_o money_n to_o maintain_v the_o war_n cease_v contrariwise_o the_o courage_n of_o the_o enemy_n be_v increase_v they_o that_o stand_v doubtful_a become_v resolve_v and_o every_o difficulty_n augment_v the_o authority_n which_o prince_n give_v be_v chief_o in_o respect_n of_o wisdom_n and_o valour_n yet_o true_a it_o be_v that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o account_v they_o the_o wise_a man_n that_o can_v best_o accommodate_v themselves_o to_o their_o humour_n the_o great_a distress_n and_o difficulty_n which_o can_v come_v to_o any_o army_n do_v proceed_v of_o these_o cause_n want_v of_o money_n scarcity_n of_o victual_n hatred_n of_o people_n discord_n of_o captain_n disobedience_n of_o soldier_n and_o their_o fly_v to_o the_o enemy_n either_o of_o necessity_n or_o freewill_n a_o prince_n or_o great_a magistrate_n have_v long_o maintain_v the_o reputation_n of_o wisdom_n and_o virtue_n must_v take_v heed_n that_o no_o rash_a or_o dangerous_a resolution_n do_v taint_v the_o honourable_a fame_n of_o his_o former_a life_n for_o to_o be_v transport_v with_o anger_n against_o his_o own_o profit_n be_v lightness_n and_o to_o esteem_v small_a danger_n more_o than_o great_a be_v want_n of_o judgement_n a_o prince_n or_o person_n of_o great_a estate_n must_v be_v wary_a not_o to_o inure_v the_o conceit_n of_o double_a deal_n for_o little_a sincerity_n and_o trust_n be_v look_v in_o his_o action_n of_o who_o there_o be_v a_o opinion_n of_o craft_n and_o falshood_n conceive_v experience_n have_v always_o prove_v that_o whatsoever_o the_o most_o part_n of_o man_n desire_v rare_o come_v to_o pass_v the_o reason_n hereof_o be_v that_o the_o effect_n of_o human_a action_n common_o depend_v on_o the_o will_n of_o a_o few_o and_o their_o intention_n ever_o differ_v from_o the_o great_a number_n the_o end_n and_o success_n can_v be_v other_o than_o as_o please_v the_o few_o that_o be_v to_o direct_v they_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o dangerous_a than_o to_o enterprise_v a_o war_n or_o other_o action_n of_o importance_n upon_o popular_a persuasion_n for_o such_o expectation_n be_v vain_a and_o such_o design_n fallible_a also_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o multitude_n be_v great_a when_o danger_n be_v little_a or_o far_o off_o but_o peril_n grow_v great_a and_o near_o their_o courage_n quail_v as_o they_o who_o passion_n have_v no_o rule_n or_o measure_n it_o be_v strange_a to_o see_v how_o apt_a man_n be_v to_o doubt_v displeasure_n threaten_v by_o enemy_n chief_o when_o they_o draw_v near_o for_o the_o people_n do_v natural_o overmuch_o fear_v danger_n at_o hand_n and_o esteem_v less_o than_o be_v fit_a of_o thing_n present_a also_o to_o make_v small_a account_n of_o those_o that_o be_v far_o from_o they_o
other_o state_n for_o that_o the_o party_n injure_v do_v oft_o by_o indirect_a mean_n though_o with_o hazard_n of_o his_o country_n and_o himself_o seek_v satisfaction_n example_n the_o complaint_n which_o the_o galli_n make_v against_o the_o fabii_n who_o send_v ambassador_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o tossani_n not_o be_v hear_v nor_o any_o punishment_n inflict_v upon_o they_o for_o fight_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o galli_n be_v offend_v with_o the_o state_n whereof_o follow_v the_o sack_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o delay_n of_o justice_n in_o philip_n of_o macedon_n for_o not_o revenge_v the_o incestuous_a oppression_n of_o attalus_n to_o pausanias_n be_v the_o motive_n to_o murder_v that_o king_n whoso_o endeavour_v the_o alteration_n of_o any_o state_n must_v of_o necessity_n proceed_v with_o all_o severity_n and_o leave_v some_o memorable_a example_n to_o those_o that_o shall_v impugn_v the_o ordinance_n of_o government_n new_o settle_v example_n when_o junius_n brutus_n have_v by_o his_o great_a valour_n banish_v the_o traquin_n and_o swear_v the_o people_n that_o no_o king_n shall_v ever_o reign_v in_o rome_n within_o short_a time_n after_o many_o young_a noble_n among_o who_o be_v brutus_n son_n impatient_a of_o the_o equality_n of_o the_o new_a government_n conspire_v to_o recall_v the_o tarquin_n but_o brutus_n thereof_o inform_v cause_v his_o own_o son_n not_o only_o to_o be_v condemn_v to_o death_n but_o be_v himself_o present_a at_o the_o execution_n as_o health_n and_o soundness_n of_o the_o hand_n leg_n and_o other_o outward_a member_n can_v continue_v life_n unless_o the_o heart_n and_o vital_a spirit_n within_o be_v strong_a and_o sirm_a so_o fortification_n and_o frontier-desences_a do_v not_o prevail_v unless_o the_o whole_a corpse_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o people_n be_v well_o arm_v example_n when_o the_o emperor_n come_v into_o italy_n and_o have_v with_o some_o difficulty_n past_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o venetian_n well_o near_o without_o resistance_n his_o army_n march_v to_o venice_n and_o may_v doubtless_o have_v possess_v the_o city_n have_v it_o not_o be_v defend_v with_o water_n likewise_o the_o english_a in_o their_o assault_n of_o france_n except_v a_o few_o encounter_n on_o the_o frontier_n find_v no_o puissant_a resistance_n within_o the_o realm_n and_o anno_fw-la 1513._o they_o force_v all_o that_o state_n and_o the_o king_n himself_o to_o tremble_v as_o oft_o before_o they_o have_v do_v but_o contrariwise_o the_o roman_n know_v that_o life_n lie_v in_o the_o heart_n ever_o hold_v the_o body_n of_o their_o state_n strong_a for_o the_o near_a the_o enemy_n approach_v rome_n the_o better_a they_o find_v the_o country_n arm_v and_o defend_v the_o desire_n to_o command_v sovereign_o be_v of_o so_o great_a force_n as_o do_v not_o only_o work_v in_o those_o that_o be_v in_o expectation_n of_o principality_n but_o also_o in_o they_o that_o have_v no_o title_n at_o all_o example_n this_o appetite_n move_v the_o wife_n of_o tarqvinius_n priscus_n contrary_a to_o all_o natural_a duty_n to_o incite_v her_o husband_n to_o murder_v she_o own_o father_n servius_n and_o possess_v his_o kingdom_n as_o be_v persuade_v it_o be_v much_o more_o honourable_a to_o be_v a_o queen_n than_o to_o be_v the_o daughter_n of_o a_o king_n the_o violation_n of_o ancient_a law_n order_n and_o custom_n under_o which_o people_n have_v long_a time_n live_v be_v the_o chief_a and_o only_a cause_n whereby_o prince_n hazard_v their_o estate_n and_o royal_a dignity_n example_n albeit_o the_o deflower_v of_o lucrece_n be_v the_o occasion_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o the_o cause_n that_o move_v the_o roman_n to_o take_v arm_n against_o tarquin_n for_o he_o have_v before_o that_o fact_n of_o sextus_n his_o son_n govern_v tyrannical_o and_o take_v from_o the_o senate_n all_o authority_n be_v become_v odious_a both_o to_o the_o senate_n nobility_n and_o people_n who_o find_v themselves_o well-governed_a never_o seek_v or_o wish_v any_o other_o liberty_n or_o alteration_n a_o prince_n that_o desire_v to_o live_v secure_a from_o conspiracy_n have_v cause_n rather_o to_o fear_v those_o on_o who_o he_o have_v bestow_v overgreat_a riches_n and_o honour_n than_o those_o who_o he_o have_v great_o injure_v because_o they_o want_v mean_n to_o offend_v the_o other_o have_v many_o opportunity_n to_o do_v it_o example_n perrenius_fw-la the_o prime_a favourite_n of_o commodus_n the_o emperor_n conspire_v his_o death_n plautianus_n do_v the_o like_a to_o severus_n and_o sejanus_n to_o tiberius_n for_o be_v advance_v to_o so_o great_a honour_n riches_n and_o office_n as_o nothing_o remain_v desirable_a but_o the_o imperial_a title_n they_o conspire_v against_o the_o person_n of_o their_o sovereign_n in_o hope_n of_o the_o dignity_n but_o in_o the_o end_n they_o endure_v that_o punishment_n which_o to_o such_o disloyalty_n and_o ingratitude_n appertain_v a_o army_n which_o want_v experience_n albeit_o the_o captain_n be_v expert_a be_v not_o great_o to_o be_v fear_v neither_o ought_v a_o army_n of_o well-trained_a soldier_n to_o be_v much_o esteem_v who_o captain_n be_v ignorant_a example_n caesar_n go_v into_o africa_n against_o afranius_n and_o petraeus_n who_o army_n be_v full_a of_o old_a soldier_n say_v he_o fear_v they_o little_a quia_fw-la 〈◊〉_d ad_fw-la exercitum_fw-la sine_fw-la deuce_fw-la contrariwise_o when_o he_o go_v to_o pharsalia_n to_o encounter_v pompey_n he_o say_v ibo_fw-la ad_fw-la ducem_fw-la sine_fw-la exercitu_fw-la a_o captain_n general_n command_v a_o army_n ought_v rather_o to_o govern_v with_o courtesy_n and_o mildness_n than_o with_o overmuch_o austerity_n and_o severity_n example_n q._n and_o appius_n claudius_n be_v consul_n be_v appoint_v to_o govern_v the_o war._n to_o q._n be_v allot_v one_o army_n which_o serve_v very_o dutiful_o but_o appius_n command_v the_o other_o with_o great_a cruelty_n be_v by_o his_o soldier_n unwilling_o obey_v nevertheless_o tacitus_n seem_v of_o contrary_a opinion_n say_v plus_fw-fr poena_n quam_fw-la obsequium_fw-la valet_fw-la therefore_o to_o reconcile_v these_o different_a conceit_n i_o say_v that_o a_o general_n have_v power_n to_o command_v man_n either_o they_o be_v confederates_n or_o subject_n if_o confederates_n or_o voluntary_n he_o may_v not_o proceed_v to_o extreme_a punishment_n if_o subject_n and_o his_o power_n absolute_a they_o may_v be_v govern_v otherwise_o yet_o with_o such_o respect_n as_o the_o insolence_n of_o the_o general_n enforce_v not_o the_o soldier_n to_o hate_v he_o honour_n may_v sometime_o be_v get_v as_o well_o by_o the_o loss_n as_o gain_v of_o victory_n every_o man_n know_v glory_n be_v due_a to_o the_o victor_n and_o we_o deny_v not_o the_o same_o privilege_n to_o the_o vanquish_a be_v able_a to_o make_v proof_n that_o the_o loss_n proceed_v not_o from_o his_o default_n neither_o be_v it_o dishonourable_a to_o violate_v those_o promise_n whereto_o the_o necessity_n or_o disadvantage_n of_o war_n enforce_v and_o force_a promise_n which_o concern_v a_o whole_a state_n be_v not_o bind_v and_o rare_o or_o ever_o keep_v nor_o be_v the_o breaker_n thereby_o to_o receive_v disgrace_n example_n posthumus_n the_o consul_n have_v make_v a_o dishonourable_a peace_n with_o the_o samnite_n be_v by_o they_o with_o his_o whole_a army_n send_v home_o disarm_v be_v arrive_v at_o rome_n the_o consul_n inform_v the_o people_n they_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o perform_v the_o base_a condition_n he_o be_v compel_v to_o yield_v unto_o albeit_o he_o and_o those_o few_o that_o promise_v be_v bind_v to_o perform_v they_o the_o senate_n thereupon_o conclude_v to_o send_v he_o prisoner_n to_o samno_n where_o he_o constant_o protest_v the_o fault_n to_o be_v only_o his_o own_o wherefore_o the_o people_n by_o that_o peace_n incur_v no_o dishonour_n at_o all_o and_o fortune_n so_o much_o favour_v posthumus_n as_o the_o samnite_n be_v content_a present_o to_o return_v he_o to_o rome_n where_o he_o become_v more_o glorious_a for_o lose_v the_o victory_n than_o be_v pontius_n at_o samno_n for_o have_v win_v the_o victory_n wise_a man_n have_v long_o observe_v that_o who_o so_o will_v know_v what_o shall_v be_v must_v consider_v what_o be_v past_a for_o all_o worldly_a thing_n hold_v the_o same_o course_n they_o have_v at_o first_o the_o reason_n be_v that_o as_o long_o as_o man_n be_v possess_v with_o the_o same_o passion_n with_o former_a age_n consequent_o of_o these_o do_n the_o same_o effect_n ensue_v example_n the_o almain_n and_o french_a have_v ever_o be_v note_v for_o their_o avarice_n pride_n fury_n and_o infidelity_n and_o so_o in_o divers_a age_n experience_n have_v prove_v even_o to_o this_o present_a for_o perfidious_a deal_v the_o french_a have_v give_v sufficient_a proof_n not_o only_o in_o ancient_a time_n but_o also_o in_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n viii_o who_o promise_v to_o render_v to_o the_o florentine_n the_o fort_n of_o pisa_n but_o have_v divers_a time_n