reason_n of_o the_o merit_n of_o their_o ancestor_n the_o tribunal_n call_v co_n tao_n or_o co_n li_n be_v that_o of_o the_o inspecter_n or_o overseer_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v which_o be_v divide_v into_o six_o class_n like_o the_o six_o superior_a tribunal_n from_o whence_o they_o take_v their_o name_n and_o distinction_n for_o example_n the_o first_o be_v call_v li_n co_n or_o inspecter_n of_o the_o superior_a tribunal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n the_o second_o hu_o co_n or_o inspecter_n of_o the_o superior_a tribunal_n of_o the_o exchequer_n and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n every_o classis_fw-la be_v compose_v of_o several_a mandarin_n all_o of_o the_o seven_o order_n and_o all_o equal_a so_o that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o no_o not_o so_o much_o as_o he_o that_o keep_v the_o seal_n of_o the_o tribunal_n who_o have_v any_o superiority_n over_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n their_o business_n be_v to_o reprehend_v the_o king_n himself_o for_o any_o miscarriage_n of_o his_o government_n and_o there_o be_v some_o so_o resolute_a and_o undaunted_a that_o they_o will_v rather_o expose_v themselves_o to_o death_n and_o banishment_n than_o forbear_v when_o they_o have_v truth_n on_o their_o side_n which_o they_o will_v tell_v he_o sometime_o to_o his_o face_n and_o sometime_o in_o write_v without_o any_o mince_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o of_o this_o freedom_n as_o we_o meet_v at_o present_a with_o several_a example_n so_o be_v there_o a_o far_o great_a number_n to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o chinese_n history_n many_o time_n also_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o king_n will_v amend_v their_o defect_n and_o magnificent_o reward_v those_o that_o have_v be_v so_o liberal_a of_o their_o reproof_n they_o be_v also_o entrust_v to_o inspect_v the_o disorder_n of_o the_o six_o superior_a tribunal_n and_o to_o inform_v the_o king_n by_o private_a memorial_n the_o king_n likewise_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o mandarin_n of_o this_o tribunal_n for_o the_o execution_n of_o several_a order_n of_o importance_n that_o require_v secrecy_n and_o every_o year_n he_o cull_v out_o three_o to_o be_v visitor_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v call_v siun_z cim_o who_o visit_v all_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o court_n or_o in_o the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_n and_o take_v notice_n of_o all_o merchandise_n that_o be_v either_o sophisticated_a or_o prohibit_v the_o second_o be_v call_v sium_n cam_n who_o visit_v the_o burner_n of_o the_o king_n lime_n the_o three_o who_o be_v call_v sium_n xi_o nim_fw-mi ym_fw-mi be_v present_a at_o all_o the_o general_n muster_n the_o mandarin_n of_o this_o tribunal_n be_v only_o of_o the_o seven_o order_n however_o their_o authority_n and_o power_n be_v very_o large_a the_o tribunal_n call_v he_o gin_n sum_o consist_v of_o several_a mandarin_n all_o doctor_n all_o equal_a and_o all_o of_o the_o seven_o order_n like_o those_o of_o the_o precede_a tribunal_n their_o employment_n be_v to_o be_v send_v abroad_o either_o as_o envoy_n or_o ambassador_n either_o to_o distant_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n or_o to_o foreign_a state_n as_o when_o the_o king_n send_v they_o to_o carry_v title_n of_o honour_n to_o the_o mother_n or_o wise_a of_o a_o mandarin_n slay_v in_o the_o war_n or_o after_o he_o have_v do_v the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n eminent_a service_n in_o the_o discharge_n of_o his_o employment_n or_o when_o the_o emperor_n be_v please_v to_o confer_v or_o confirm_v the_o title_n of_o king_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o corea_n or_o any_o other_o neighbour_a sovereign_n these_o embassy_n be_v very_o honourable_a and_o sometime_o no_o less_o gainful_a the_o tribunal_n of_o tai_n li_n sum_o i._n e._n of_o supreme_a reason_n and_o justice_n be_v so_o call_v because_o they_o be_v entrust_v to_o examine_v all_o doubtful_a and_o intricate_a cause_n and_o to_o confirm_v or_o annihilate_v the_o sentence_n of_o other_o tribunal_n especial_o in_o reference_n to_o crime_n that_o concern_v the_o estate_n the_o honour_n and_o life_n of_o the_o king_n subject_n the_o precedent_n of_o this_o tribunal_n be_v of_o the_o three_o order_n his_o two_o lateral_a judge_n or_o assessor_n of_o the_o four_o and_o the_o other_o inferior_a mandarin_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o five_o and_o six_o when_o the_o tribunal_n of_o crime_n condemn_v to_o death_n any_o person_n of_o quality_n or_o other_o person_n of_o mean_a condition_n and_o that_o the_o king_n find_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o sentence_n dubious_a he_o refer_v it_o always_o to_o san_n fa_o sum_o which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v his_o council_n of_o conscience_n then_o three_o tribunal_n assemble_v together_o the_o tai_n li_z sum_z the_o tu_fw-la li_z yven_v or_o the_o superior_a tribunal_n of_o visitor_n and_o the_o tribunal_n of_o crime_n all_o these_o together_o re_fw-mi examine_v the_o process_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o accuser_n and_o the_o party_n accuse_v and_o many_o time_n revoke_v the_o sentence_n for_o that_o the_o prosecutor_n not_o have_v gain_v the_o tribunal_n of_o crime_n nor_o have_v money_n nor_o cunning_a enough_o to_o corrupt_v the_o other_o two_o they_o judge_v according_a to_o reason_n and_o justice_n and_o general_o the_o king_n confirm_v the_o decision_n of_o those_o three_o tribunal_n the_o tribunal_n tum_o chim_z sum_o takes_z care_n to_o have_v the_o king_n order_n and_o command_v proclaim_v at_o court_n and_o diligent_o to_o inform_v themselves_o of_o the_o calamity_n oppression_n and_o necessity_n of_o the_o people_n and_o exact_o and_o private_o to_o inform_v the_o emperor_n they_o be_v likewise_o entrust_v to_o send_v to_o the_o king_n or_o else_o to_o bury_v in_o silence_n as_o they_o shall_v deem_v most_o proper_a all_o the_o memorial_n of_o the_o miâ—…itary_a mandarin_n and_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o fourteen_o province_n of_o the_o veteran_n mandarin_n who_o be_v dispense_v with_o from_o all_o manner_n of_o employment_n of_o the_o people_n soldier_n and_o stranger_n that_o come_v from_o foreign_a country_n the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o province_n of_o pekim_n present_v their_o memorial_n immediate_o to_o the_o king_n himself_o never_o take_v notice_n of_o this_o tribunal_n the_o precedent_n of_o which_o be_v of_o the_o three_o order_n of_o mandarin_n his_o first_o assessor_n of_o the_o four_o his_o second_o assessor_n of_o the_o five_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o inferior_a mandarin_n of_o the_o six_o and_o seven_o order_n the_o tribunal_n tai_n chan_fw-mi sum_z be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o associate_n and_o assistant_n to_o the_o supreme_a tribunal_n of_o ceremony_n the_o precedent_n be_v of_o the_o three_o order_n his_o assessor_n of_o the_o four_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mandarin_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o five_o and_o six_o order_n they_o take_v particular_a care_n of_o the_o king_n music_n and_o sacrifice_n and_o in_o regard_n these_o sacrifice_n be_v perform_v in_o the_o temple_n dedicate_v to_o the_o heaven_n the_o earth_n the_o sun_n and_o moon_n to_o river_n and_o mountain_n this_o tribunal_n take_v care_n of_o all_o those_o pile_n which_o be_v very_o vast_a and_o magnificent_a they_o also_o take_v care_n of_o the_o marry_a bonze_n who_o be_v general_o alchemist_n and_o fortune-teller_n two_o of_o these_o mandarin_n be_v appoint_v to_o give_v order_n for_o the_o reception_n and_o lodging_n of_o stranger_n that_o come_v to_o court._n last_o they_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o the_o public_a courtesan_n of_o the_o place_n of_o their_o habitation_n and_o of_o those_o that_o govern_v and_o direct_v they_o in_o their_o infamous_a trade_n the_o chineses_n to_o show_v their_o aversion_n to_o those_o miserable_a creature_n call_v they_o â—…am_fw-la â—…a_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v man_n that_o have_v utter_o bury_v in_o oblivion_n eight_o virtue_n viz._n obedience_n to_o theâ—…_n father_n and_o mother_n affection_n for_o their_o brethren_n and_o other_o kindred_n fidelity_n towards_o their_o prince_n sincerity_n honesty_n justice_n modesty_n chastity_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o laudable_a science_n and_o customâ—…_n this_o be_v the_o signification_n of_o those_o two_o word_n which_o the_o chineses_n mark_v with_o only_o two_o letter_n by_o which_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o see_v the_o force_n of_o their_o language_n and_o the_o esteem_n which_o they_o have_v for_o virtue_n though_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o follow_v their_o own_o deprave_a inclination_n that_o carry_v they_o headlong_o into_o vice_n the_o tribunal_n quan_fw-mi lo_o su_fw-es or_o of_o the_o royal_a inn_n take_v care_n for_o the_o provision_n of_o wine_n cattle_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o king_n sacrifice_n banquet_n and_o for_o the_o entertainment_n of_o such_o as_o be_v treat_v at_o the_o king_n charge_n whether_o chineses_n or_o foreigner_n this_o tribunal_n be_v a_o associate_n to_o that_o of_o the_o ceremony_n the_o precedent_n be_v of_o the_o
which_o more_o in_o due_a place_n present_v to_o the_o king_n upon_o all_o important_a affair_n of_o the_o empire_n whether_o they_o relate_v to_o peace_n or_o war_n or_o whether_o to_o cause_n civil_a or_o criminal_a when_o they_o have_v determine_v they_o they_o communicate_v their_o judgement_n to_o the_o king_n in_o a_o very_a short_a extract_n who_o either_o ratisy_n or_o cancelâ—…_n they_o as_o he_o please_v and_o then_o overlooking_a the_o memorial_n at_o large_a himself_o gives_z his_o own_o decision_n as_o he_o think_v the_o cause_n deserve_v they_o that_o compose_v the_o second_o classis_fw-la be_v as_o it_o be_v assistant_n and_o assessor_n to_o the_o king_n counsellor_n and_o be_v very_o powerful_a and_o much_o dread_v and_o respect_v they_o be_v usual_o of_o the_o second_o or_o three_o order_n of_o mandarin_n and_o be_v many_o time_n prefer_v to_o be_v counsellor_n to_o the_o king_n viceroy_n of_o province_n and_o to_o the_o principal_a office_n of_o the_o six_o supreme_a tribunal_n their_o usual_a title_n be_v ta_o hion_n sum_o or_o the_o learned_a in_o great_a knowledge_n this_o title_n be_v also_o give_v to_o the_o king_n counsellor_n beside_o which_o the_o king_n also_o conser_n other_o very_a honourable_a title_n upon_o the_o mandarin_n of_o these_o two_o classe_n according_a to_o their_o desert_n as_o tai_n cu_z tai_n or_o chief_a governor_n of_o the_o prince_n heir_n of_o the_o crown_n tai_n cu_z tai_n su_fw-es grand_fw-fr master_n to_o the_o same_o prince_n ho_o tien_n ta_o trion_n su_fw-es chief_z letter_v of_o the_o hall_n of_o concord_n and_o the_o like_a the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o three_o classis_fw-la of_o this_o tribunal_n be_v call_v chum_n xu_o co_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o classis_fw-la or_o school_n of_o the_o mandarin_n their_o business_n it_o be_v to_o write_v or_o cause_n to_o be_v write_v out_o the_o affair_n of_o this_o tribunal_n and_o the_o king_n give_v they_o title_n answerable_a to_o the_o place_n and_o hall_n where_o they_o exercise_v their_o function_n they_o be_v usual_o of_o the_o four_o five_o or_o six_o order_n of_o tho_o mandarin_n but_o they_o be_v much_o more_o dread_a than_o those_o of_o the_o two_o precede_a classe_n for_o that_o upon_o they_o sole_o it_o be_v that_o the_o good_a or_o ill_a success_n of_o affair_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n depend_v for_o that_o by_o alter_v add_v or_o leave_v out_o a_o letter_n they_o may_v cause_v either_o the_o gain_n or_o lose_v of_o a_o suit._n insomuch_o that_o many_o time_n through_o their_o wilful_a mistake_n the_o most_o innocent_a lose_v their_o estate_n their_o reputation_n and_o their_o life_n so_o great_a a_o power_n have_v corruption_n and_o avarice_n over_o that_o nation_n and_o such_o a_o energy_n of_o expression_n and_o nicety_n of_o equivocal_a interpretation_n lie_v in_o the_o chinese_n letter_n moreover_o beside_o these_o three_o classe_n there_o belong_v to_o this_o tribunal_n a_o infinite_a number_n of_o scrivener_n proctor_n reuâ—…sers_n and_o other_o officer_n chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o eleven_o supreme_a tribunal_n or_o of_o the_o six_o tribunal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n for_o letter_n and_o the_o five_o tribunal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n for_o military_a affair_n beside_o the_o supreme_a tribunal_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n there_o be_v yet_o eleven_o chief_a tribunal_n more_o between_o which_o the_o king_n of_o china_n two_o thousand_o year_n before_o the_o come_n of_o christ_n share_v all_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o which_o remain_v to_o this_o present_a day_n that_o be_v to_o say_v six_o of_o learned_a mandarin_n which_o they_o call_v lo_o pu_o and_o five_o of_o military_a mandarin_n that_o be_v call_v ù_fw-mi fu_fw-mi and_o of_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o the_o first_o of_o the_o six_o tribunal_n of_o the_o learned_a be_v call_v li_n pu_o who_o business_n it_o be_v to_o take_v care_n of_o all_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o have_v power_n to_o confer_v or_o deprive_v they_o of_o their_o employment_n the_o second_o hu_o pu_o have_v the_o superintendence_n over_o all_o the_o imposition_n and_o revenue_n of_o the_o king_n the_o third_n li_n pu_o have_v the_o management_n and_o order_n of_o all_o the_o rite_n and_o ceremony_n the_o four_o pim_n pu_o take_v care_n of_o all_o the_o arm_n captain_n and_o soldier_n throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n the_o five_o he_o pu_fw-fr take_v cognizance_n of_o all_o crime_n and_o the_o punishment_n of_o all_o offender_n in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o six_o cum_fw-la pu_fw-fr have_v the_o oversee_n of_o all_o the_o king_n work_n and_o building_n these_o six_o tribunal_n have_v a_o jurisdiction_n over_o almost_o all_o those_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o court_n but_o be_v absolute_a over_o all_o in_o the_o province_n by_o who_o they_o be_v dread_v and_o obey_v though_o at_o never_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n as_o if_o they_o be_v under_o their_o eye_n but_o in_o regard_v their_o power_n be_v so_o large_a and_o of_o so_o great_a a_o extent_n for_o fear_v lest_o any_o one_o among_o they_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o his_o authority_n to_o raise_v sedition_n and_o lie_v hold_v of_o any_o opportunity_n to_o revolt_v their_o employment_n be_v regulate_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o of_o these_o tribunal_n that_o can_v determine_v the_o business_n with_o which_o they_o be_v entrust_v without_o the_o interposition_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o rest_n as_o we_o see_v every_o day_n and_o have_v find_v true_a by_o woeful_a experience_n in_o the_o time_n of_o our_o persecution_n during_o which_o we_o be_v send_v to_o all_o these_o tribunal_n for_o the_o determination_n of_o several_a circumstance_n in_o the_o palace_n belong_v to_o every_o one_o of_o these_o six_o tribunal_n there_o be_v always_o a_o hall_n and_o a_o apartment_n for_o one_o mandarin_n call_v co_n li_n or_o overseer_n who_o examine_v either_o public_o or_o private_o all_o that_o be_v do_v in_o his_o tribunal_n and_o if_o he_o find_v any_o disorder_n or_o any_o injustice_n he_o present_o give_v notice_n thereof_o to_o the_o king._n which_o mandarin_n be_v neither_o subject_n nor_o superior_a to_o his_o tribunal_n but_o only_o a_o overseer_n or_o controller_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o the_o chief_a precedent_n of_o these_o six_o tribunal_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o office_n be_v of_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o the_o second_o order_n of_o mandarin_n they_o be_v call_v xam_n xu_o for_o example_n li_n pu_fw-fr xam_n xu_o that_o be_v chief_z precedent_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o ceremony_n hâ—…_n pu_fw-fr xam_n xu_o chief_a precedent_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o king_n revenue_n every_o one_o of_o these_o precedent_n have_v two_o assessor_n of_o which_o the_o first_o be_v call_v tso_n xi_o lamb_n or_o precedent_n of_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o other_o you_o xi_o lamb_n or_o precedent_n of_o the_o right_a hand_n which_o assessor_n be_v of_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o the_o second_o order_n all_o these_o three_o precedent_n have_v several_a other_o title_n beside_o for_o example_n the_o first_o be_v call_v ta_o tamburlaine_n the_o great_a or_o first_o hall_n the_o second_o the_o hall_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o three_o the_o hall_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n these_o six_o tribunal_n be_v plant_v according_a to_o their_o rank_n close_o by_o the_o king_n palace_n on_o the_o east_n side_n in_o large_a magnificent_a square_a structure_n the_o side_n of_o which_o be_v every_o way_n a_o musket_n shoot_v and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n these_o structure_n have_v every_o one_o three_o division_n of_o door_n court_n and_o apartment_n the_o first_o precedent_n possess_v that_o in_o the_o middle_n which_o begin_v at_o the_o street_n with_o a_o portal_n that_o have_v three_o door_n and_o run_v along_o through_o other_o door_n portal_n and_o court_n beautify_v with_o portico_n and_o gallery_n support_v by_o fair_a pillar_n till_o you_o come_v to_o a_o spacious_a hall_n where_o the_o first_o precedent_n sit_v with_o his_o assessor_n and_o many_o other_o mandarin_n who_o have_v their_o particular_a title_n but_o be_v general_o call_v mandarin_n of_o the_o great_a hall._n beyond_o this_o hall_n there_o be_v another_o court_n and_o beyond_o that_o another_o lesser_a hall_n where_o the_o first_o precedent_n withdraw_v with_o his_o assessor_n when_o he_o be_v to_o examine_v any_o private_a business_n or_o any_o affair_n of_o extraordinary_a moment_n on_o both_o side_n and_o beyond_o this_o hall_n there_o be_v several_a chamber_n and_o other_o hall_n the_o chamber_n be_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o precedent_n his_o assessor_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mandarin_n to_o take_v their_o repose_n and_o to_o eat_v their_o meat_n which_o the_o king_n give_v they_o to_o the_o end_n that_o have_v no_o occasion_n to_o go_v to_o their_o own_o
house_n they_o may_v spend_v the_o more_o time_n in_o the_o dispatch_n of_o business_n the_o hall_n be_v for_o the_o pronotary_n and_o clerk_n and_o other_o inferior_a officer_n the_o two_o other_o division_n of_o room_n and_o court_n one_o within_o another_o belong_v to_o the_o inferior_a tribunal_n which_o be_v subordinate_a to_o the_o supreme_a tribunal_n for_o which_o the_o palace_n be_v design_v these_o petty_a tribunal_n be_v more_o or_o less_o numerous_a according_a to_o the_o business_n that_o come_v under_o their_o cognisance_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o due_a time_n the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o these_o six_o tribunal_n be_v this_o when_o a_o man_n have_v any_o business_n he_o set_v it_o down_o in_o a_o paper_n of_o such_o a_o form_n and_o largeness_n as_o the_o custom_n allow_v then_o he_o go_v to_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o tribunal_n and_o beat_v upon_o a_o drum_n which_o he_o find_v at_o the_o second_o gate_n and_o then_o fall_v upon_o his_o knee_n he_o raise_v his_o petition_n with_o both_o his_o hand_n as_o high_a as_o his_o head_n at_o what_o time_n the_o officer_n appoint_v for_o that_o employment_n take_v his_o paper_n from_o he_o he_o carry_v it_o to_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o great_a hall_n who_o give_v it_o to_o the_o first_o precedent_n or_o in_o his_o absence_n to_o his_o assessor_n who_o have_v read_v it_o either_o admit_v or_o reject_v it_o if_o they_o do_v not_o add_v mit_fw-fr it_o they_o send_v the_o petitioner_n his_o paper_n again_o and_o many_o time_n order_v he_o to_o be_v sound_o whip_v for_o trouble_v the_o court_n with_o a_o causeless_a suit_n or_o for_o any_o other_o sufficient_a reason_n of_o their_o dislike_n if_o the_o paper_n be_v admit_v the_o first_o precedent_n send_v it_o to_o the_o inferior_a tribunal_n to_o who_o this_o sort_n of_o business_n belong_v to_o examine_v the_o cause_n and_o give_v their_o opinion_n after_o this_o tribunal_n have_v examine_v the_o matter_n and_o give_v their_o judgement_n they_o send_v it_o back_o to_o the_o chief_a precedent_n who_o then_o give_v sentence_n either_o add_v moderate_v or_o confirm_v without_o any_o alteration_n the_o sentence_n of_o the_o low_a court._n if_o the_o business_n be_v of_o great_a concernment_n he_o order_v the_o same_o tribunal_n to_o draw_v up_o the_o case_n in_o writing_n which_o have_v read_v together_o with_o his_o assessor_n he_o send_v it_o to_o the_o mandarin_n controler_n and_o he_o to_o the_o supreme_a tribunal_n of_o the_o counsellor_n of_o state_n that_o be_v lodge_v in_o the_o king_n palace_n this_o tribunal_n examine_v the_o cause_n and_o inform_v his_o majesty_n who_o most_o common_o order_v the_o tribunal_n to_o re-examine_a it_o then_o the_o counsellor_n of_o state_n send_v back_o the_o case_n to_o the_o controller_n who_o after_o he_o have_v see_v the_o king_n order_n send_v it_o to_o the_o chief_a precedent_n who_o cause_v it_o once_o more_o to_o be_v examine_v and_o then_o send_v it_o back_o to_o the_o controller_n the_o controller_n to_o the_o counsellor_n of_o state_n and_o they_o to_o the_o emperor_n who_o then_o give_v his_o definitive_a sentence_n that_o sentence_n return_v the_o same_o way_n to_o the_o first_o precedent_n who_o give_v notice_n of_o it_o to_o both_o party_n and_o so_o the_o suit_n be_v end_v if_o it_o be_v a_o business_n which_o the_o provincial_a tribunal_n send_v to_o the_o court_n the_o case_n be_v seal_v up_o and_o direct_v to_o the_o king_n controller_n the_o controller_n open_v and_o read_v it_o and_o then_o send_v it_o to_o the_o chief_a precedent_n who_o proceed_v as_o before_o be_v recite_v will_v but_o the_o mandarin_n in_o their_o judicial_a proceed_n act_v conformable_a to_o the_o law_n and_o the_o intention_n of_o their_o prince_n china_n will_v be_v the_o most_o happy_a and_o best_a govern_v country_n in_o the_o world_n but_o as_o exact_a as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o outward_a observance_n of_o their_o formality_n as_o hypocritical_a as_o wicked_a and_o cruel_a be_v they_o in_o their_o heart_n their_o trick_n and_o cheat_n be_v so_o numerous_a that_o a_o large_a volume_n will_v not_o suffice_v to_o contain_v they_o i_o shall_v therefore_o say_v no_o more_o than_o only_a this_o that_o it_o be_v a_o rare_a thing_n to_o meet_v with_o a_o mandarin_n that_o be_v free_a from_o avarice_n and_o corruption_n they_o never_o consider_v the_o justice_n or_o injustice_n of_o a_o cause_n but_o those_o that_o give_v most_o money_n or_o send_v most_o present_n so_o that_o whether_o life_n estate_n or_o honour_o at_o stake_n those_o insatiable_a and_o sanguinary_a judge_n have_v no_o regard_n to_o either_o but_o only_o like_o so_o many_o ravenous_a wolf_n to_o gorge_v their_o sacrilegious_a avarice_n and_o what_o we_o have_v hitherto_o say_v be_v common_a to_o all_o the_o six_o tribunal_n but_o now_o to_o speak_v of_o every_o one_o in_o particular_a the_o first_o of_o these_o six_o tribunal_n be_v call_v li_n pu_o who_o business_n it_o be_v to_o furnish_v the_o empire_n with_o superior_a and_o inferior_a mandarin_n to_o examine_v their_o merit_n and_o miscarriage_n and_o to_o inform_v the_o king_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v either_o prefer_v or_o disgrace_v they_o reward_n or_o punish_v they_o in_o the_o palace_n belong_v to_o this_o tribunal_n be_v four_o other_o inferior_a tribunal_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v call_v venus_n sinen_n su_n or_o the_o tribunal_n which_o make_v choice_n of_o such_o person_n as_o be_v qualify_v with_o knowledge_n and_o other_o endowment_n requisite_a to_o fit_v they_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o be_v mandarin_n the_o second_o cao_n cum_fw-la sum_o which_o examine_v the_o good_a or_o bad_a behaviour_n and_o conduct_n of_o the_o say_a mandarin_n the_o three_o nien_z fum_o sum_o who_o business_n it_o be_v to_o seal_v judicial_a act_n to_o give_v the_o seal_n to_o every_o mandarin_n and_o to_o examine_v whether_o the_o seal_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o court_n or_o send_v away_o be_v true_a or_o counterfeit_n the_o four_o ki_v hium_fw-la su_fw-es or_o the_o tribunal_n who_o business_n it_o be_v to_o examine_v the_o merit_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n as_o the_o petty_a king_n of_o the_o blood_n royal_a the_o duke_n marquess_n and_o the_o like_a which_o the_o chineses_n call_v hiun_n chin_n or_o ancient_a vassal_n who_o have_v perform_v great_a service_n in_o the_o war_n when_o the_o reign_v family_n conquer_v the_o empire_n the_o second_o superior_a tribunal_n be_v call_v hu_o pu_o which_o signify_v the_o king_n lord_n high_a treasurer_n this_o tribunal_n oversee_v the_o treasure_n the_o receipt_n and_o expense_n the_o revenue_n and_o tribute_n of_o the_o king_n distribute_v the_o pension_n and_o the_o quantity_n of_o rice_n the_o piece_n of_o silk_n and_o the_o money_n which_o the_o king_n give_v to_o all_o the_o petty_a prince_n and_o other_o grandee_n and_o to_o all_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o empire_n this_o tribunal_n keep_v the_o roll_n or_o catalogue_n which_o be_v make_v every_o year_n with_o great_a exactness_n of_o all_o the_o family_n of_o all_o the_o man_n the_o measure_n of_o land_n and_o duty_n which_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v and_o of_o the_o public_a magazine_n here_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o that_o which_o follow_v we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o although_o there_o be_v fifteen_o province_n in_o china_n yet_o in_o the_o public_a register_n and_o according_a to_o the_o usual_a manner_n of_o speak_v they_o say_v fourteen_o province_n and_o a_o court._n for_o say_v the_o chineses_n the_o province_n where_o the_o court_n reside_v be_v not_o in_o subjection_n but_o command_n and_o therefore_o they_o never_o reckon_v it_o in_o the_o number_n of_o the_o other_o province_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o in_o the_o six_o superior_a tribunal_n there_o be_v not_o any_o inferior_a tribunal_n appoint_v for_o the_o affair_n of_o pekim_n but_o the_o chief_a precedent_n send_v they_o to_o one_o or_o two_o of_o the_o inferior_a tribunal_n appoint_v for_o other_o province_n as_o he_o think_v â—…it_a this_o be_v thus_o promise_v the_o superior_a tribunal_n of_o the_o exchequer_n have_v on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o palace_n belong_v to_o it_o fourteen_o inferior_a tribunal_n which_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o the_o province_n to_o which_o it_o belong_v as_o for_o example_n the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o province_n of_o honorio_n nan_n the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o province_n of_o can_v ton_v and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o precede_a family_n they_o reckon_v but_o thirteen_o province_n and_o two_o court_n for_o that_o the_o city_n of_o nan_n kâ—…_n be_v a_o royal_a court_n as_o well_o as_o pe_n kim_v and_o have_v also_o six_o superior_a tribunal_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n subordinate_a to_o they_o as_o now_o at_o pe_n kim_v but_o the_o tartar_n deprive_v it_o of_o the_o
establish_a and_o confirm_v they_o share_v their_o employment_n and_o regulate_v their_o function_n with_o so_o much_o prudence_n that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o which_o be_v so_o absolute_a in_o the_o affair_n which_o be_v under_o their_o jurisdiction_n but_o they_o depend_v one_o upon_o another_o for_o example_n the_o first_o precedent_n of_o the_o four_o tribunal_n which_o be_v that_o of_o war_n have_v it_o a_o independent_a authority_n have_v a_o easy_a opportunity_n to_o rebel_v because_o all_o the_o force_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v at_o their_o disposal_n but_o they_o want_v money_n and_o therefore_o of_o necessity_n they_o must_v have_v the_o king_n leave_n and_o order_n to_o require_v it_o from_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o exchequer_n the_o pioner_n bark_n boat_n wagon_n tent_n and_o other_o instrument_n of_o war_n belong_v to_o the_o six_o tribunal_n to_o which_o the_o four_o must_v address_v themselves_o beside_o that_o the_o horse_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o a_o petty_a separate_a tribunal_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o the_o military_a mandarin_n make_v five_o tribunal_n which_o be_v call_v u_o furio_n or_o five_o cass_n their_o palace_n be_v place_v westward_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o palace_n royal_a and_o be_v thus_o distinguish_v by_o their_o name_n the_o first_o be_v call_v heu_fw-la furio_n or_o the_o rereguard_n the_o second_o tso_n su_n or_o the_o left_a wing_n the_o three_o you_o furio_n or_o the_o right_a wing_n the_o four_o chum_n furio_n or_o the_o main_a battle_n and_o the_o five_o lien_n furio_n or_o the_o vanguard_n the_o five_o tribunal_n be_v govern_v by_o fifteen_o great_a lord_n as_o marquess_n count_n etc._n etc._n three_o in_o each_o tribunal_n of_o which_o the_o one_o be_v precedent_n and_o the_o other_o two_o his_o assessor_n they_o be_v all_o fifteen_o of_o the_o first_o order_n of_o the_o mandarin_n but_o the_o precedent_n be_v of_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o that_o order_n and_o the_o assessor_n of_o the_o second_o all_o the_o officer_n and_o soldier_n of_o the_o court_n be_v under_o their_o care_n these_o five_o tribunal_n have_v one_o superior_a tribunal_n above_o they_o which_o be_v call_v ium_o chim_z fu_fw-mi that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o supreme_a tribunal_n of_o war_n the_o precedent_n of_o which_o be_v always_o one_o of_o the_o great_a lord_n in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o authority_n of_o this_o tribunal_n extend_v itself_o over_o all_o these_o five_o tribunal_n and_o over_o all_o the_o officer_n and_o soldier_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o to_o prevent_v their_o abuse_n so_o large_a a_o power_n they_o be_v curb_v by_o a_o assessor_n set_v over_o they_o who_o be_v a_o mandarin_n of_o learning_n with_o the_o title_n of_o supreme_a regent_n of_o arm_n and_o two_o royal_a controller_n who_o be_v equal_o concern_v in_o the_o management_n of_o affair_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o precede_a family_n these_o tribunal_n have_v a_o very_a great_a authority_n and_o be_v much_o more_o high_o honour_v and_o esteem_v nevertheless_o they_o have_v much_o more_o reputation_n than_o real_a power_n in_o regard_n the_o execution_n of_o business_n belong_v to_o the_o superior_a tribunal_n of_o arm_n call_v pim_n pu_fw-fr it_o may_v be_v object_v perhaps_o that_o these_o five_o tribunal_n be_v superfluous_a because_o they_o depend_v upon_o the_o four_o of_o the_o six_o superior_a court_n but_o in_o answer_n to_o this_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v at_o court_n at_o that_o time_n a_o great_a number_n of_o lord_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v hium_fw-la chin_n or_o vassal_n of_o great_a merit_n who_o ancestor_n have_v assist_v the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o precede_a race_n to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o empire_n beside_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v no_o passion_n so_o prevail_v over_o the_o chinese_n as_o the_o violent_a ambition_n of_o rule_n and_o command_n as_o be_v that_o wherein_o they_o place_v all_o their_o chief_a glory_n and_o happiness_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o answer_n which_o a_o mandarin_n make_v to_o father_n matthew_n ricci_n for_o that_o same_o father_n discourse_v of_o our_o holy_a law_n and_o of_o that_o eternal_a felicity_n which_o they_o who_o embrace_v it_o enjoy_v hereafter_o come_v come_v say_v the_o mandarin_n hold_v your_o tongue_n and_o lay_v aside_o these_o idle_a conceit_n your_o great_a glory_n and_o happiness_n as_o a_o stranger_n it_o be_v to_o abide_v in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o this_o court._n and_o for_o my_o own_o part_n all_o my_o glory_n and_o happiness_n consist_v in_o this_o same_o girdle_n and_o habit_n of_o a_o mandarin_n all_o the_o rest_n be_v nothing_o but_o fable_n and_o word_n which_o the_o wind_n blow_v away_o mere_a story_n of_o thing_n invisible_a or_o rather_o never_o to_o be_v see_v that_o which_o be_v visible_a be_v to_o command_v other_o gold_n and_o silver_n wife_n and_o concubine_n and_o multitude_n of_o servant_n of_o both_o sex_n these_o be_v visible_a noble_a house_n great_a wealth_n banquet_n divertisement_n these_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o a_o word_n estate_n honour_n and_o glory_n be_v the_o consequence_n of_o be_v a_o mandarin_n this_o be_v all_o the_o felicity_n which_o we_o desire_v and_o enjoy_v in_o this_o large_a empire_n and_o not_o your_o vain_a felicity_n which_o be_v as_o unprofitable_a as_o it_o be_v invisible_a and_o impossible_a to_o obtain_v these_o be_v the_o carnal_a sentiment_n of_o man_n no_o less_o blind_a than_o proud_a and_o haughty_a which_o be_v so_o the_o king_n who_o understand_v the_o humour_n of_o that_o nation_n especial_o of_o the_o grandee_n for_o their_o satisfaction_n be_v think_v themselves_o of_o these_o tribunal_n which_o they_o erect_v and_o regulate_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o give_v they_o a_o opportunity_n to_o satisfy_v their_o ambition_n with_o the_o honour_n and_o profit_n belong_v to_o their_o office_n and_o prevent_v they_o from_o do_v mischief_n by_o the_o small_a authority_n which_o they_o have_v allow_v they_o now_o as_o there_o be_v some_o mandarin_n who_o be_v not_o of_o any_o of_o the_o nine_o order_n which_o be_v call_v vi_o jo_o lieu_n or_o man_n not_o settle_v there_o be_v other_o which_o be_v call_v vu_z pin_n or_o such_o for_o who_o there_o be_v no_o degree_n high_a enough_o or_o such_o who_o merit_n be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o be_v above_o all_o order_n and_o degree_n these_o be_v the_o petty_a king_n duke_n marquess_n &c._n &c._n which_o govern_v the_o two_o tribunal_n of_o arms._n but_o though_o they_o be_v honour_v with_o title_n and_o some_o small_a authority_n which_o they_o enjoy_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o quality_n of_o mandarin_n nevertheless_o the_o dignity_n of_o duke_n and_o marquess_n which_o their_o great_a service_n have_v purchase_v be_v far_o more_o value_v and_o esteem_v and_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o eleven_o superior_a court_n or_o tribunal_n we_o shall_v now_o brief_o give_v you_o a_o prospect_n of_o the_o other_o tribunal_n of_o the_o court_n and_o whole_a empire_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o several_a other_o tribunal_n at_o pekim_n the_o licentiate_n of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n who_o the_o chineses_n call_v kiu_fw-mi gin_fw-mi or_o man_n famous_a for_o learning_n meet_v together_o every_o three_o year_n at_o the_o court_n at_o pekim_n and_o be_v there_o examine_v for_o thirteen_o day_n together_o a_o month_n after_o the_o degree_n of_o doctor_n be_v give_v to_o three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o six_o who_o have_v display_v the_o most_o pregnant_a of_o part_n and_o ingenuity_n in_o their_o composition_n out_o of_o these_o young_a doctor_n the_o king_n make_v choice_n of_o the_o young_a and_o most_o ingenious_a and_o prefer_v they_o to_o a_o tribunal_n call_v han_n len_n ve_v that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o garden_n or_o wood_n flourish_v in_o learning_n and_o knowledge_n this_o tribunal_n contain_v a_o great_a number_n of_o mandarin_n all_o very_a learned_a and_o the_o most_o sprightly_a wit_n of_o the_o empire_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o five_o class_n and_o compose_v five_o tribunal_n with_o the_o name_n and_o employment_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v the_o reader_n for_o fear_n of_o be_v tedious_a but_o only_o give_v a_o general_a account_n of_o their_o function_n they_o be_v tutor_n to_o the_o prince_n who_o be_v heir_n to_o the_o empire_n who_o they_o instruct_v in_o virtue_n civility_n and_o the_o liberal_a science_n by_o degree_n also_o as_o he_o grow_v in_o year_n they_o teach_v he_o the_o true_a art_n of_o govern_v and_o the_o method_n of_o good_a conduct_n they_o set_v down_o all_o the_o remarkable_a accident_n that_o happen_v either_o at_o court_n or_o throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n and_o which_o most_o deserve_v to_o be_v deliver_v to_o posterity_n they_o compile_v the_o general_a history_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o be_v always_o at_o
have_v they_o any_o right_n of_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n though_o they_o shall_v have_v several_a heir_n male_n which_o custom_n be_v also_o observe_v among_o the_o people_n for_o in_o china_n to_o marry_v a_o daughter_n be_v to_o exclude_v she_o for_o ever_o from_o her_o father_n family_n and_o graft_v she_o into_o the_o family_n of_o her_o husband_n who_o sir_n name_v she_o assume_v at_o the_o same_o time_n instead_o of_o her_o own_o thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o chinese_n when_o they_o will_v say_v that_o a_o maid_n be_v ally_v to_o the_o family_n of_o her_o husband_n never_o make_v use_v of_o the_o word_n kin_n to_o go_v but_o of_o the_o word_n quei_z to_o return_v asmuch_o as_n to_o say_v she_o be_v not_o go_v but_o be_v return_v to_o her_o family_n thus_o they_o explain_v themselves_o also_o when_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o dead_a for_o they_o do_v not_o say_v such_o a_o one_o be_v dead_a but_o such_o a_o one_o be_v return_v to_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n when_o a_o grandfather_n speak_v of_o the_o child_n of_o his_o son_n he_o call_v they_o bare_o sun_n su_n my_o grand_a child_n but_o when_o he_o speak_v of_o his_o daughter_n child_n he_o call_v they_o vai_n sun_n su_n my_o grand_a child_n without_o for_o they_o look_v upon_o they_o to_o be_v of_o the_o son_n in_o law_n family_n the_o second_o sort_n of_o the_o king_n kindred_n by_o the_o female_a side_n be_v the_o father_n brother_n uncle_n and_o other_o kindred_n of_o the_o queen_n the_o king_n son_n in_o law_n their_o father_n brother_n uncle_n and_o other_o kindred_n out_o of_o these_o two_o sort_n the_o king_n make_v choice_n of_o some_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a to_o compose_v this_o tribunal_n and_o to_o act_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o royal_a blood_n they_o differ_v only_o in_o this_o that_o the_o latter_a be_v of_o none_o of_o the_o nine_o order_n the_o former_a be_v mandarin_n of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o order_n though_o they_o esteem_v much_o more_o honourable_a the_o title_n of_o hoam_n cin_n and_o furio_n ma_n or_o the_o king_n kindred_n than_o that_o of_o mandarin_n though_o of_o the_o first_o order_n but_o this_o second_o sort_n of_o kindred_n be_v also_o extirpate_v by_o the_o tartar_n with_o the_o precede_a family_n thus_o far_o concern_v the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n and_o of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o court._n we_o be_v now_o to_o give_v a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o province_n note_n upon_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n he_o cause_v a_o choice_n to_o be_v make_v at_o pe_n kim_n of_o several_a young_a gentleman_n etc._n etc._n here_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o in_o this_o place_n the_o author_n only_o 221._o speak_v of_o what_o be_v practise_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n for_o the_o tartar_a emperor_n have_v alter_v this_o custom_n and_o never_o marry_v their_o daughter_n but_o to_o king_n prince_n or_o great_a lord_n as_o our_o author_n himself_o acknowledge_v a_o little_a low_o chap._n xv._n to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o fifteen_o province_n there_o belong_v a_o supreme_a tribunal_n which_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o precedent_n bear_v the_o title_n of_o tu_fw-la tam_fw-la kiun_n muen_n tu_fw-la yuen_v siun_z furio_n with_o several_a other_o name_n which_o all_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o governor_n of_o a_o province_n or_o viceroy_n with_o we_o these_o precedent_n be_v of_o the_o first_o second_o or_o three_o order_n according_a as_o the_o king_n be_v please_v to_o regulate_v they_o when_o he_o send_v they_o into_o the_o province_n they_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o whole_a government_n as_o well_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o in_o war_n and_o with_o the_o command_n of_o the_o people_n and_o soldier_n as_o well_o in_o civil_a as_o criminal_a matter_n they_o give_v notice_n to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o six_o superior_a tribunal_n of_o all_o matter_n of_o importance_n on_o the_o other_o side_n all_o the_o king_n order_n and_o dispatch_n with_o those_o of_o the_o superior_a tribunal_n be_v direct_v to_o this_o tribunal_n and_o all_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o province_n be_v bind_v to_o repair_v to_o this_o tribunal_n in_o all_o affair_n of_o moment_n there_o be_v other_o viceroy_n that_o govern_v two_o three_o or_o four_o province_n and_o be_v call_v tsum_n to_o as_o leam_fw-la quam_fw-la tsum_fw-la to_o or_o viceroy_n of_o the_o province_n of_o quam_fw-la tum_o and_o quam_fw-la si._n quam_fw-la tum_o signify_v the_o province_n extend_v towards_o the_o east_n and_o quam_fw-la si_fw-la the_o province_n extend_v towards_o the_o west_n there_o be_v other_o such_o like_a viceroy_n in_o china_n as_o in_o the_o province_n border_v upon_o tartary_n and_o other_o place_n of_o importance_n and_o beside_o the_o viceroy_n there_o be_v in_o every_o province_n a_o visitor_n call_v ngan_n tai_n or_o ngan_n yuen_v of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v former_o last_o there_o be_v a_o three_o considerable_a officer_n call_v tsum_fw-la pim_fw-la who_o command_v all_o the_o force_n of_o the_o province_n and_o be_v of_o the_o first_o order_n of_o mandarin_n these_o three_o supreme_a precedent_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o province_n have_v under_o they_o several_a inferior_a mandarin_n who_o assist_v they_o in_o the_o dispatch_n of_o business_n and_o though_o these_o three_o tribunal_n general_a have_v their_o palace_n in_o the_o capital_a city_n nevertheless_o they_o be_v not_o always_o resident_a there_o but_o keep_v their_o circuit_n from_o place_n to_o place_n as_o business_n require_v but_o for_o the_o particular_a tribunal_n of_o the_o capital_a city_n they_o be_v these_o that_o follow_v every_o capital_a city_n have_v two_o tribunal_n in_o which_o proper_o consist_v the_o whole_a government_n of_o the_o province_n the_o one_o for_o civil_a the_o other_o for_o criminal_a affair_n the_o first_o be_v call_v pu_fw-fr chim_z sum_o the_o precedent_n of_o which_o be_v a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o the_o second_o order_n the_o palace_n belong_v to_o this_o tribunal_n like_o those_o at_o the_o court_n contain_v on_o both_o side_n two_o other_o tribunal_n which_o be_v not_o inferior_a but_o assistant_n to_o the_o first_o tribunal_n that_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n be_v the_o most_o considerable_a and_o be_v call_v tsan_n chim_z have_v two_o precedent_n both_o of_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o the_o three_o order_n the_o other_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n be_v call_v tsan_n y_o the_o precedent_n of_o which_o be_v both_o equal_a and_o of_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o the_o four_o order_n to_o all_o these_o three_o tribunal_n belong_v a_o great_a number_n of_o inferior_a mandarin_n call_v xeu_n lie_v quen_o who_o business_n it_o be_v to_o decide_v all_o civil_a matter_n and_o to_o pay_v and_o receive_v all_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o province_n the_o criminal_a tribunal_n be_v call_v nghan_n i_o sum_o and_o the_o precedent_n who_o be_v of_o the_o three_o order_n have_v no_o assessor_n but_o two_o class_n of_o mandarin_n under_o he_o those_o of_o the_o first_o classis_fw-la who_o be_v call_v to_o sum_o be_v of_o the_o four_o order_n they_o of_o the_o second_o classis_fw-la who_o be_v call_v cien_n sum_o be_v of_o the_o five_o order_n and_o the_o mandarin_n of_o these_o two_o class_n be_v call_v tao_n li_n or_o tao_n tusâ—…_n these_o tao_n li_n be_v the_o visiter_n of_o all_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o province_n in_o which_o they_o have_v their_o tribunal_n some_o of_o they_o take_v care_n of_o the_o post_n horse_n the_o royal_a inn_n and_o the_o king_n bark_n so_o far_o as_o their_o jurisdiction_n reach_v and_o be_v call_v you_o chuen_fw-ge tao_fw-mi other_o that_o be_v call_v pim_n pi_fw-la tao_fw-la be_v entrust_v to_o inspect_v the_o several_a troop_n and_o company_n of_o the_o province_n other_o to_o drain_v the_o land_n and_o level_v the_o highway_n who_o be_v call_v tun_n tien_n tao_o this_o tribunal_n have_v power_n to_o punish_v criminal_n by_o banishment_n as_o also_o by_o confiscation_n of_o good_n and_o loâ—…s_n of_o life_n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o visitor_n in_o the_o province_n it_o have_v a_o eye_n over_o all_o the_o other_o mandarin_n and_o give_v notice_n to_o the_o king_n of_o what_o pass_v in_o the_o province_n when_o business_n require_v their_o information_n in_o a_o word_n these_o two_o tribunal_n do_v the_o office_n of_o the_o six_o supreme_a tribunal_n of_o the_o court_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v their_o substitute_n every_o province_n be_v divide_v into_o district_n and_o to_o every_o district_n belong_v a_o mandarin_n call_v tao_n â—…i_fw-la who_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o visitor_n or_o inspeâ—…er_n into_o the_o manner_n and_o behaviour_n of_o the_o officer_n within_o his_o