Selected quad for the lemma: virtue_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
virtue_n	oil_n	spirit_n	vitriol_n	831	5	13.3907	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A67187	An experimental treatise of surgerie in four parts : 1. The first part shewing the dangerous abuses committed among the modern surgeons, 2. Of cures of all sorts of wounds in mans body ..., 3. Of the symptomes of wounds ..., 4. Treating of all kinds of balmes, salves, plaisters, ointments, oyles, bloodstenchers, potions, tents, corrosives, &c. which are used for wounds ... / by that most famous and renowned surgeon, Felix Wurtz, citie surgeon at Basell ... ; exactly perused after the authors own manuscrip, by Rodolph Wurtz, surgeon at Strasburg ; faithfully the second time translated into Neather Dutch, out of the twenty eighth copy printed in the German tongue, and now also Englished and much corrected, by Abraham Lenertzon Fox, surgeon at Zaerdam ; whereunto is added a very necessary and useful piece, by the same author, called the Childrens book, treating of all things which are necessary to be known by all those, to whose trust and overlooking, little children are committed.; Practica der Wundartzney. English	Würtz, Felix, 1518-1575?; Fox, Abraham Lenertzon.; Wurtz, Rodolf.; Wurtz, Felix, 1517 or 18-1574 or 75. Childrens book of Felix Wurtz.	1656 (1656)	Wing W3733; ESTC R38771	274,491	374

by it self but should be mixed with oyl of Olives or oyl of Majoram it allayeth the Cramp keeps off the Palsie caused by the Cramp usually But if the Cramp be in a wound of an outer joint or part Cure of the outer parts where you suspect some sinewes be hurt then mix your wound ointment with some of the red oyl of Turpentine and apply upon a thin stiptick plaister Annoint round about the wound with Tile oyl or with distilled oyl of Bayes and bind him warm And in case the Cramp will not yeild to these means and is on an outer part as hand or foot then foment the wound with warm Lye made of Beech or Oak ashes wherein are boiled Cammomil flowers or Saint Johns-wort Being thus bathed or fomented for half an hour and is well warmed then presently dresse it doubtless the Cramp will cease But take heed you do not cause the Cramp to return and let the patient also be warned of it hereby In such cases I have seen Piony root to be often used for the Palsie wherewith indeed some good may be done if Pionie is good if digged seasonably seasonably digged if not then I found that these roots did no good It must be digged in Aprill when Soll is in Aries and at a plenilunium before the rising of the Sun It must be dryed in the Ayr not in the Sun shine then they are right and proper to be ●●●nged about the party you may make of this green root either a sirup or a conserve it will be the more effectual Touching Palsie Apoplexie c my intent is not to write much of it being it concerneth Physitians more than Surgeons But whereas the Cramp is commonly a cause and forerunner of the Gout Palsie and such like simptoms there seems a necessity to lye upon a Surgeon to have some judgement of it that the better he may oppose and cure it therefore I could not chuse but to give an hint of it I know nothing better to allay this simptom than a well Cure rectified spirit of Vitriol I must confess there are several pretious waters powders c. good against the Palsie I I reject none of these but this I hold to be none of the least Spirit of Vitriol is made thus Take crude Vitriol which is pure and green put it in a coated glass body set it in an To make Spirit of Vitriol Oven into the open fire apply a Receiver and lute it well let your first fire be gentle encrease the fire by degrees get over all the phlegme when the retort hath been red hot a good while and no more water comes over then let the fire go out and let it be cold That phlegme which is come into the Receiver containeth that body in which is the spirit of Vitriol for he is not in the Colcotar as some suppose because in that there is no more spirit but a meer oyl for if you take that spirit of Vitriol which is made of the said Colcotar and you abstract all its spirits in a glass body then on the bottom you will find nothing but a corrosive oyl of Vitriol whereby we see that no small fault is committed herein for the one is not comparable to the other in its vertue That spirit of Vitriol is pure and clear like rock water is acide and not heavy and it is made thus Take that phlegme you have received in the Receiver let it evaporate in Balneo Mariae on the bottom you will find the spirit of Vitriol abstract it in sand a second and third time in an Alembick the oftner the better if any phlegme stayed with it the same you may separate at any time And if you will have it yet better then put to it half as much of spirit of Wine put it into a doubled glass body lute it well set it in Sand for a moneth into digestion This is the true Spirit of Vitriol which hath no corroding quality and may safely be used and specially it is a soveraigne thing for the Head when an Apoplexie Palsie c. is feared and if this Spirit be mingled with Magistene of Pearles and Corals then nothing comparable unto it for the said diseases That Spirit thus mingled may be given to those that are The use of this Spirit troubled with a wound disease or with a Prunella It refresheth and corobrateth the inward parts principally the head and heart It serveth also for a pretious vulnerary Potion The use of it is to be taken fasting four five or six drops in one ounce of distilled water of Stellaria but the soveraignest is that grass green oyl of Vitriol which being it cannot be had every where I forbear to speak any more of it CHAP. XXIII Of consumed withered or updryed Wounds and Members how Surgeons ought to deal with them A Withering is a Symptom which is incident to joints wounded commonly to armes or leggs as much as my experimental knowledge will afford I shall faithfully communicate it This withering or consuming is easily discerned because From whence this withering comes the skin on the outer member looks blacker than that on the found member the causes thereof are several either when muscles sinews joints are wounded by a fall blow thurst c. there may be an external cause of it though not any wound hapned to that part as a cold humor falling into or other diseases be it in the shoulder hip knee c. An Ariditie comes thus also a parry being wounded and by the Surgeons neglect the joint water did run too Exiccation Adridum Membrum long this expert Surgeons call Membrum aridum or an exiccation For the joint water is a food whereby all joints and members are susteined Now if that joint water did run too long then thereby that part was bereaved of its natural humor without which it cannot subsist it being so how can it chuse but to decrease and consume The condition of this joint water is like a tree which is Comparison opend at the prack in the spring whose sap runneth out where it is cut and so the tree withereth and dryeth up and cannot be recovered So if the joint water be run thus long whereby that member is dryed up and grown hard stiff and inflexible then Surgeons bestow their pains in vain about such cures can do no more to it but to allay the pains that are still in it But if it be not gone too farre then be not affraid to fall on the cure and be helpful unto nature There are several causes of this witheredness all of them Cause of this Ariditie I shall not relate one in general I will name touching the occasion of the up-drying That updrying for the most part comes from an oppilation of that member be that caused from what it will either from pains diseases or woundings For where there are great pains in a member which have held a

then is it a sure sign that the Synonia or moisture from the sinews doth separate and beginneth to be in a furie In this case tarry not but instantly lance that part and How to proceed in this case give vent where you think it to be best till to the hollowness within and to squeeze out that water or matter it had been well if it had been lanced sooner experience must teach you how to deal herein for it is impossible to set all down in writing the work will put the manuals upon you Then thrust a propertent into the Wound well covered with the brown ointment and prepared Verdigriece then apply about the wound a defensive plaister But forbear to apply any hot Cataplasmes as usually they do because the strong heat of them causeth putrifactions and suffocations to the sinews But in case the matter diminisheth not still increaseth and the swelling retreateth further then is it a sure sign that the sinews and veins are all inflamed In this case above the swelling there must be made another incision and mix the brown Ointment with the Balsam of sweet Arsenick make tents of it as you heard above about the brown Ointment thrust these tents into the uppermost hole once a day then the anger of it will be allayed and the dying of the sinews shall creep no further then other convenient means may be used of good wound Ointments c. and so go on with the cure so long till the ill be separated Remember to continue the brown Ointment to the end of the cure for fear of a relapse The mischiefs which those do cause that undertake the curing of such things which they do not understand ought Abuses what hurts they cause not to be past over in silence being a thing of great concernment Those that understand not these hurts use this process they presently apply to such hurts warm Cataplasms though their swelling still goeth back yet they still continue their poultesses but to what purpose they give cause to putrifaction suffocating the sinews others make their experiments upon with annointing fomenting bathing c. but to little purpose because they know not what lyeth hid under it When all these will not help they made use of and the Abuse committed ignorantly pain encreaseth still and the swelling also incroacheth more and more upon the body and all turneth to nought then they conceive where the fault lyeth and lance that place and let run out what will But their judgment faileth them not knowing from whence that matter cometh and so they cannot hit the nail on the head but give leave to the matter as much as it will run forth not considering the tuffness and clamminess of the matt●● and sometimes ravelings of the sinews come out also which they not regarding goe on with their old raggs though that be an apparent sign that the sinews veins lig aments within do rot that is an Inflamation hath taken hold on the sinews If this misery be not remidied then the sinews will be burnt away to the body whereby great heat and feaver is caused And that joint also being bereaved of its food it had from the sinews then the cold fire will get into which bringeth death upon the party For though that member be dismembred yet all the other sinews are taken with the flame and draw on into the body which puts the party to death miserably For this fire is of another nature than the cold fire is occasioned by other causes Other Inflamations can be discerned in time and prevented from running further and by dismembring can be remedied but the foresaid inflamations do not appear so plainly to the eye and are not taken notice of but when they have all inflamed and cannot be remedied These I make mention of to inform how by carelesness great mischiefs are caused no other as when by a small fire a whole Town or House is set on fire and burnt down if not quenched CHAP. XV. Of swellings of Wounds after they were healed and what it meaneth and bow they must be handled THe causes of the several swellings in and about Wounds ought to be known to Surgeons Formerly I have spoken of some kinds of such swellings at this time I will give a hint of two kinds of them not as yet mentioned In the first place it is to be noted that all kind of swellings do not come into the number of dangerous Symptomes those are of the dangerous ones when sinews bones joints c. are grievously wounded 〈◊〉 ●re not onely the wound but all other parts thereabout are ●welled of that sort having a natural cause of its swellings I intend not to speak of because if the wound doth frame well to healing the rest in time will pass away The other sort of swelling coming after healing I intend to give a hint of Viz. An utter joints muscle being wounded and well healed was by the Surgeon kept too hot and with Cataplasmes suffocated after which such a wound begins to swell at the beginning being without pains when toucht nor altering the colour Such a swelling passeth away in tow or three weeks time but leaveth behind a pain which continueth with an increase and the swelling being quite gone it is found that on that joint a great deal is tender and that hapneth as it were in a sleep not payning the party For to prevent this swelling and to hinder that consuming A plaister to prenent the tenderness or up-drying and updrying of the joint much salving dawbing annointing c. they have used but I never saw any which hath done more good then the ensuing Receipt ℞ meal of Fig beanes ℥ 1 meal of common Beans ℥ 3 well beaten Orras ℥ 1 pulverised Marigold flowers ℥ ¼ gum Amoniack ℥ ¼ boil these to a spissitude with vinegar ad to it of distilled Annise seed oyle ℥ 3 of emplastrum Diaguilon ℥ 5 the emplastrum must first be melted and then with the said oyle be mingled and stirred with the Cataplasme spread a cloth with it answerable to the bigness of the swelling apply it warm in few dayes the svvelling will be assvvaged and no exiccation vvill ensue Because the vertue of the Plaister expels and outdravveth all humors before they shall come to any settlement in such places There are other means expelling vvinds and humors viz. Annise Fennel Carravvay seeds c. as also Diuratick means may de used Surgeons ought to order themselves herein as they see occasion There is yet another sort of svvelling viz Some receive a vvound vvhere no sinevv is vvounded yet that being healed the party cannot bow that joint in which some raising there is but is not a perfect swelling and the party feeleth no pains This is incident 〈◊〉 ●●ch that were wounded iether in the Hand or Foot where some humor or other is settled to that wounded joint and this befals those usually that are troubled with the stone

if it should be used to fresh wounds whereof I speak here such like gross Compositions usually some made much of I could not forbear to give warning of it My Wound Ointments which to this day I made use of are few and plain but are well prepared which I will faithfully impart to you Wound Ointment 1. Take white Rosin ℥ 3 sweet May Butter ℥ 6 the The Authors wound Ointment juice of Stellaria or Statwort ℥ 1 the juice of Sanicle and Winter-green Pyrola ana ℥ ss Sallat Oyl ℥ 3 juice of Goats bea●● B●●b●da ●●rdi● ℥ 3 the Sallat Oyl with the juices of the Hearbs must be boiled together all humidity thereof must be boiled away then put in the Rosin when that is melted then put the May Butter to it then presse it through a cloth stirre it so long till it be cold and keep it for use True this is a plain Wound Ointment but it is very good healeth wounds in a short time Another Wound Ointment 2. Take Pyrola Bistorta Sanicula Veronica ana ℥ 1 Flores hypericonis Flores Centaurij ana ℥ ¼ cut these small put them into a Bolthead pour to it of Sallat oyle ℥ 2 Beef marrow ℥ 1 Hoggs grease ℥ 3 sweat Butter ℥ 4 lute the glass set it in hot Sand or hot Water let it digest eight daies so that the oyl and grease be in a continual melting then take it out into a Copper dish boile it therein to the consumption of all the moisture then press it through a pure cloth fling away the feces to that which is prest through the cloth must be put of Turpentine ℥ 1 which being cold then put to it subtilly pulverised Mastick Frankincense Myrrh anaʒ ss of purely pulverised Aloes bepatick ℥ 1 let it cool thus you have an excellent Wound Unguent If you please you may mingle with it one dram of Verdigriece Verdigriece to the end that your medicine may cleanse also prepared Verdigriece is good for to give it a good colour If you have a difficult Joint wound in hand then it is necessary you put to it prepared Verdigriece or F●os aeris and if that Ointment be too thin then melt among it of Wax ℥ 2. Another Wound Vnguent 3. Take of good Honey lb 2 of ●resh Well water lb 1 ss let it have some walms over the fire and scum it well of Pulmonaria ℥ ss of Virga aurea Serpentaria Stellaria Sanicula ana ℥ 1 Plantain ℥ 4 out these and beat them and put them into the scummed Honey digest it in a warm place for eight dayes then boil it to a spissitude press it out from the Hearbs put to that of well pulverised Mastick Frankincense Myrth anaʒ ss keep it for use This Unguenthath greater vertues than it is believed it runneth better into all the corners of wounds than any other Oyls can do it joineth with the natural humor in wounds sooner than any Unguent or Oyls and is exceeding good against the running of the Joint water or radical humor Of Wound Oyles There is no other difference between Wound Unguents and Wound Oyls onely their thickness the one is thinner than the other and to the one are used as many Ingredients as to the other if you take to the said Hearbs or other Ingredients no Wax or thick stuff but onely Oyles or thin grease then it is only a wound Oyl But I made more use of the Unguents than of the Oyles the advantage herein is only that Unguents may more conveniently be carried into other parts of the Land than the Oyls There are several sorts of wound Oyls and wound Unguents I intend not to speak of them all onely of some rare wound Oyls I will speak to make use of them if you please Take pure Turpentine and no running Rasom ℥ 1 ss put and heat it in a pan then take pulverised Amber put A good wound Oil. it in by degrees and let it melt then put to it of Mastick ℥ ¼ of Frankineense ℥ ss all these being melted and stirred then take off the pan from the fire and drop into gently of Linseed Oyl ℥ 4 stir it till it be cold try on a stone with a drop whether it be done well if it be of the thickness of Vernice then is it right if it be too thin then let it boil longer if too thick then put more of the Oyl to it Courteous Reader here you have a wound Oyl of great vertue for deep wounds and stabs if put thinly into But if you will have these Oyls more pleasant and affected to the wound then take of that Oyl ℥ 3 of Oyl of Roses ℥ 2 Fowers of St. Johns wort and of the blew Flowers of Knotgrass ana ℥ 1 mingle these all together beat them let them stand in the Sun for twenty daies and keep it for use you may put to it of such wound Hearbs which you think fit best then will it be praise-worthy Let no man be affraid as if these wound Oyls were too strong by reason of the Mastick Frankincense Amber c. because their burning hot quality goeth away at the melting Chymists know that it is so These are the wound Salves and wound Oyls I thought good to impart Marvail not that I give so few and so plain Receipts To make Salves Ointments and Oyls for wounds is no great skill true these are of concernment and so are the application and dressing and not so much doth lye in their variety Sometimes one Simple will heal a wound as well as a great Compound The judgement in things is of a farre greater concernment than the variety of medicines Therfore if you will make a Compound of Ointments Oyles Plaisters of many Ingredients then you must know first why you will use this or that and for what you must not go on in it like a blind man to make an omnium gatherum without discretion which many use to do And it is for certain true that it is more dangerous sometimes if but one Simple is used than when a plain Composition is applyed I must give one hint more of a thing I have said above that Galbanum Opopanax c. are not good ro be used to Unguents for fresh wounds I remember that Mastick Sarcocolla Frankincense Myrrh are frequently used for wound Salves and Unguents these are good if used moderately but if exceeded in then are they hurtful and are too hot for wounds and in case any simptom is coming into the wound then are these also very hurtful especially in the wound disease and wound Prunella and to exiccated wounds they are a meer poison And for that reason I use but little of Mastick Frankincense to my wound Unguents and stiptick Plaisters and no more than I do know that I must needs take why should I take more of them than there is need too much and too little spoils any thing wound Unguents wound Plaisters should alwaies stand in one temperament I

with less pains than five ounces of others CHAP. II. Of Plaisters in generall and in particular of Opodeldoch stiptick and defensive Plaisters AS there is a variety of wound Unguents so there is a variety also of wound Plaisters according to the experience in Surgery I cannot dislike that every one sticketh unto that what he hath learned and I know that some Surgeons use things which they do not understand and care not for better experimental knowledge To speak my opinion about wound Plaisters it is meerly a cover over for a wound as many do count it no other but they are of as great concernment as wound Unguents which run into the wound for if these Plaisters be well prepared then they preserve wounds from many simptoms and are to be highly esteemed And do not approve at all of that when Surgeons apply Plaisters to wounds on dangerous places made of Wax Suet Turpentine Oyl c. In some place they hold it a great skill in Surgery if they can prepare Emplastrum Diachylon and apply it to the wound it helpeth such wounds which hardly deserve the name of a wound but in dangerous wounds where more care and vigilancie is required it doth no good to say nothing of a worse matter But as I said afore it is a great matter to have good Compositions in Plaisters for an unclean wound is affected with Gum Amoniack and such like but to running wounds such Gumms are clean contrary for that reason is it requisite that Surgeons ought to know the nature and condition of wounds and to be sure with what each wound doth agree therefore as in former Chapters I have imparted unto you faithfully the Compositions of wound Unguents and of wound Oyls so will I do now also and teach you the composing preparing and using of wound Plaisters and will begin with the Plaister Opodeldoch Description of the Plaister called Opodeldoch This Plaister deserveth the prerogative among the rest being a Catholick Plaister used for all wounds and stab● and preventeth many simptoms by reason of its quick healing though it asketh no great toyle in the preparation of it yet this ought to be considered in it that half an ounce of it effecteth more than five ounces of stiptick Plaisters and these also according to my receipt are good however they cannot be compared with the other He that will have or make it must be informed and expert in many things and he that cannot make it let him keep to his stiptick Plaisters and be more vigilant and carefull then he will have good success in his cures Take of Virgins Wax lb 2 of the darkish Turpentine lb 1 of Sallade Oyl ℥ 3 note I speak of the darkish Turpentine because some base shop-keepers sell Kintrigt Rasom which is soft and running for Turpentine whose vertue is not comparable unto that of Turpentine Melt these together and put to it the juice of Celondine the juice of Oak leaves the juice of Starwort and Speedwell ana ℥ 1 ss boil these and let all the moisture thereof be consumed then put these Gums to it Ammoniack Galbanum Opopanax clarified with Vinegar ana ℥ ¼ of Colophone ℥ 1 ss of Amber ℥ ss of Mastick Myrrh Frankincense Sarcocolla anaʒ 3 when these are a little cool then stir among it of pulverised and prepared Magnet ℥ 1 ss of Crocus Martis ℥ 2 of Crocus Veneris ℥ 1 all this must be stirred into the Plaister and when it is almost cold then stirr amonst it the red sweet earth of Vitriol as before you put in also of prepared Tutia ℥ 3 and of prepared Calmy ℥ 10. as much as will make the Emplastrum brown red then take it out work it with your hands into rouls roul them on a board greased with Rose oyl make the rouls of the bigness of a knifes back and keep them for use you must cook it so that at the use of it being warmed a little it grow soft and not so that when it is cold it is not flexible breaks at the bowing like glass in this manner keep it for your use This Plaister separateth all impurities from wounds taketh away the proud and superfluous flesh causeth the growth of good flesh preserveth from bad simptoms and bringeth on healing in a short time this is the operation of it Preparations of some of the Ingrediences which come to the said Plaister and first of the Magnet Magnet is prepared thus Take and pulverise the Magnet Preparation of the Magnet make it red hot in a melting pot put into this red hot Magnet of well dulcified oyl of Mars a like quantity set it on a gentle heat let it be dry then is it prepared half an ounce of it effecteth more than one pound of other stuff That Oyl of Mars which is used to it is made thus Take of Allom lb 1 of common Salt ℥ 4 distill a water from it and with that water imbibe iron filings several times a day a rust will stick to it which must be washed off cleanly let the water evaporate from it to an oyliness which must be dulcified with another distilling and it is thus put fresh water to it let it evaporate then is this Oyl of Mars which is fit for that purpose prepared The Calmy is thus prepared Pulverise Calmy very subtilly put it in a pot and make it red hot pour it thus hot into good Vinegar cover that Calmyes preparation pot quickly after that Calmy is quenched then cant off that Vinegar and put the Calmy into a Crucible make it red hot again put it into the same Vinegar iterate it a third time Preparation of Tutia The preparation of Tutia is the same with the Calmy only Tutia prepared at the quenching of it you take water of Fennel or the water of Celondine instead of Vinegar Tutia is nothing else but the fume of Copper which sticketh to the iron barrs of the furnace Preparation of Crocus Veneris Take thin Copper lamins lay them in a melting pot Preparation of Crocus Veneris make Stratum super stratum with Kitchin Salt let these together be nealed then cast the lamins with the salt into cold water wash the lamins clean from their blackness then make again with Salt stratum super stratum neale it again cast it after into cold water as formerly and wash the lamins clean iterate it as often as you please to that water you wash the lamins in pour a good deal of warm water then cant it off that Crocus Veneris you will find red as blood on the bottom which you must wash well to take off all the sharpness of the Salt dry it carefully with a linnen cloth and keep it for use Crocus Martis is prepared thus Some make Crocus Martis with Salt others make it with Crocus Martis Urine others with Vinegar c. to consume the Iron to rust out of which rust they make Crocus Martis thus the Iron being consumed unto rust

that rust they put into a melting pot make it red hot and bring it to another colour But it should not be so because the Salt of it is not taken off for whose sake it ought not to be used to any medicine For it should be made without bringing the Iron unto rust not adding any Salt thereunto and it is done thus Take pure Iron filings which are not tasty put them into a long Reverberatory give a strong fire at last give the strongest degree of fire for a day and a night that the Iron be brought unto a brown-red being cold take it out and cast it into a tub full of water stir it lustily about and suddenly put it into another tub in the first tubbs bottom all that Iron will be which is not sufficiently Reverberated you may fling that away but that which is run over with the first water that you must keep set it on a fire let it evaporate to a dryness I say let it evaporate and not cant it off else its obstructive vertue goeth away also This is the best way to prepare Crocus Martis thus may it safely be used in medicines of which I made mention often in the description of the Opodeldoch and Blood-stenchings How the Erath of Vitriol is made Take of Vitriol as much as you will put it in an earthen Terra Vi●rioli pot make a circular fire about it and calcine it to a red colour being thus rubified then pulverise it and pour water upon let it stand a day and a night then pour off the water and pour other water on it let it stand to clear up cant it off iterate it as often that all sharpness be taken off and brought to a sweetness make it dry then you have a kettle brown earth which hath greater vertues and operations than Bole or Terra Sigillata Of Stiptick Plaisters There are several sorts of Stiptick Plaisters having often made mention of them above here and there only giving a hint of their names not shewing what sort of them I meant therefore as occasion serveth I will speak of their preparation and use Take of Wax one ounce of Turpentine four ounces of Colophone two ounces of Gum Galbanum Opopanax Armoniacum of each three quarters of an ounce of Magnet two ounces of Amber one ounce of Mastick Myrrh ana one quarter of an ounce of Verdigriece one quarter of an ounce make an Emplastrum out of these according to use This Plaister draweth forth from the deep bottom all impure corruptions which did settle in wounds and stabs Another Stiptick Plaister Take of Wax half a pound of Turpentine not of the running Rasom four ounces of prepared Calmy five ounces of Silver lethargyre one ounce of oes ustum half an ounce of Vitriol earth three quarters of an ounce of Crocus Martis one quarter of an ounce of Amber Frankincense Myrrh of each one dram mingle all these according to the manner of a Plaister and work it with your hands into rouls This Stiptick Plrister is good for running wounds making fresh flesh to grow and opposeth the running of the radical humor Another Stiptick Plaister Take of Wax one pound of fair white Rasom four ounces of Turpentine one ounce of juice of Celondine four ounces of Solanum majus half an ounce oyl of Toads two ounces of Stirax liquida one ounce of Gum Ammoniacum one quarter of an ounce of Myrrh Sarcocolla ana one dram of oyl of Scorpium two ounces out of these make a Plaister according to Art Oyl of Toads is made thus Take of Sallade oyl half a Oyl of Toads pound put into it eight nine or ten Toads according to the bigness more or lesse bake them in it and let them be cold thus you have your Toads Oyl which is endued with several good qualities the Toads must be spitted with a stick and on that spit to let them dye that earth they have in their bowels must be taken out and must be well cleansed with Vinegar This Stiptick Plaister is very good for such wounds in which there is any venom it draweth out all impure things brings the wound to a separation when these signs are at hand then that Plaister must be put away and others must be used It is requisite that when these Plaisters are used the patients be put to sweat either with Treacle or Mithridate then the vertues of this Plaister will the more be seen in these venemous wounds in their inflamation or wound galls Reader to describe this Plaister I could not chuse though it was not mine intent to write of any poisoned wounds And thus I close to speak of Wound Plaisters hoping that the Reader will conceive of my instrustion how in such cases Surgeons ought to deal There are good Plaisters made also of other things which I do not reject onely let Surgeons observe and know whether their Plaisters agree with the Wounds Of Defensive Plaisters There are as many sorts of Defensive plaisters as there Defensive plaisters are of Wound Unguents Wound Oyls and Wound Plaisters The Ancients have prepared these of Bole sealed Earth Ceruss and such like and called them Defensives because they used them to that end that the Corrosives which they used should eat no further these Defensives keeping them within their bounds But I using no Corrosives neither to Wounds nor Ulcers but hold them for a horrible thing therefore I have not need of any such Defensive Plaisters but I call these Plaisters Defensives for another reason because they asswage the smarting pains defend and preserve wounds from many dangerous simptoms and for that reason I advise Surgeons to make use of them for dangerous wounds for I found it so in my practick that great good is done thereby And these Plaisters I used to all wounds where there was a necessity for it instead of Poultesses in whose stead I keep unto Defensives by reason of their utillity and reject Cataplasms as dangerous things yea I can say truly if only a single Wax plaister great and broad be applyed about the wound it is better than Cataplasms made of Milk Meal Rose cakes Oyl Butter Mel●lot c. To speak of these note first that some Unguents are Defensive unguents had for that purpose which deserve the name of Defensives these are made several waies amonst the rest they are made of yolks of Eggs and of oyl of Roses item of Honey of oyl of Roses and of yolks of Eggs item of Honey of yolks of Eggs Saffron and Saint-Johns oyl c. Of this Unguent put once into wounds and annointed with defends them from dangerous inflamations which Surgeons ought to take notice of Though they be plainly prepared and composed and are not fetcht from the Indians yet in such cases they are used safely doing much good Now will I shew you my Defensives A Defensive Plaister 1. Take Wax and soft tuff white Rosin of each lb 1 Dears suet Turpentine of

each ℥ 6 of dry pulverised The Author Defensive plaister Starwort ℥ 4 melt the things meltable mingle that Powder among it work it with Cammomil oyl and make rouls of it This Defensive Plaister used for the outer joints or members is composed not of many forraigne Druggs and for that it is slightly esteemed but as slight as it is so much the better is it it strengthneth joints and sinews keeps the wound in a due warmth cooleth incident inflamations and throughout furthereth the healing of wounds Another 2. Take of Wax lb 1 ss of Turpentine lb ss oyl of Cammomil and Lumbrici Terrestes of each ℥ 2 melt these together mingle with it of red Sanders ℥ 4 of Cariophyllata ℥ 2 purely beaten let it stand on a gentle fire for an hour at last put among it of Gum Ammoniack ℥ 1 stir it till it be cold work it with Cammomil Oyl make rouls of it and keep them for use This Plaister is a strong Defensive fitter for wounds about the body than for the outer parts thereof and is specially good for such wounds which turn where impurities and slime do settle into and serveth for such wounds also which are of an eating quality Another 3. Take of Wax of white Rasom of Turpentine of each lb ss of Cammomil Oyl Oyl of Lumbrici Terrestes of Linseed Oyl of each lb 1 ss of Harts suet ℥ 2 melt all these together then put these following pulverised things into viz. of Orras ℥ 3 of Annis seed Fennel seed of each ℥ ¼ of pulverised Alkekengi ℥ ss of these make a Defensive Plaister and use it to such wounds where there appeareth an up-puffed swelling Another 4. Take Emplastrum Diaguilon made of the Mucilage of Linseed and Fenugreek one pound of Orras ℥ 4 of Oyl of Lillies ℥ 2 make a Plaister of it and use it where the following Plaisters are fitting especially where arteries are out of tune Another 5. Take the Muscilage of Marsh Mallow root of Fenugreek and of Linseed of each lb ss of Oyl of Cammomil lb ss of good Orras ℥ 3 of Bean meal ℥ 4 of Annis seed Oyl undistilled ℥ 1 boil these to a body put among it of Styrax liquida ℥ 1 ss of Gum Opopanax ℥ ss beat it with Turpentine and Wax to a plaister neither too thick nor too thin according to Art This Plaister is of a great vertue to asswage pains and swellings and is an extraordinary Defensive for such wounds where many sinews are wounded as about the neck and privy parts Another 6. Take Wax Rasom Turpentine of each six ounces melt and pour it into Vinegar take it out and melt it again that all the Vinegar come out of it then put into Resine of Cherry trees or Gum of Apple trees three ounces of Juniper Gum one ounce of Saffron one quarter of an ounce all these being well mingled then adde the Oyl of Cammomil three ounces of grinded Camphire one dram make rouls of it This Plaister is to be used to the outer parts it strengthneth them allayeth pains which may cause a simptom as to a hot up-puffed swelling which inclineth to a Collositie and is ready to break which may turn to a Cancer or Noli me tangeri that is to a Cancer in the noistrils Another 7. Take of Wax one pound of Scorpion Oyl four ounces of Violet Oyl one ounce of Turpentine washed in Rose Vinegar five ounces make a Plaister of it according to Art This Plaisters quality keepeth of incident humors asswageth the anger in wounds taketh away all such cases whereby a wound may be infected or else with impurities overburthened One thing more I must relate because I am so much for What oyles to be used besides the Defensives Defensives Note you may use besides of Defensives other things as the Oyl of Scorpion the Oyl of these great Gums of Ammoniacum Bdellium Galbanum Opopanax c. These things are extraordinary helps but must be prepared most sweetly you may compose also of Oyl of Turpentine of Oyl of Rasom grease of Froggs Oleum Nenupharinum Oyl of Orras these are of a Defensive quality Item the Oyl of red Sanders the sweet Oyl of Vitriol is a rare Secret for joint wounds which are inclining to shrinking and stiffness Thus will I close this Chapter of Wound Plasters Stiptick Plaisters and Defensive Plaisters hoping thereby to have wrought in young Surgeons an encouragement to be more careful and industrious in these cures CHAP. III. I Have made frequent mention of this Anodynum Labdanum Electuarium Anodynum vel Labdanum and advised often to be used but its description I have put off to another place now is it time to inform you of it and it is made thus Take of Opium Thebaicum two ounces cut it into small It s preparation pieces and pour unto it of Alcool vini five ounces put it into a little glass body let it stand in a warm place the Alcool will be tinged cant it off cleanly the best vertue of that Opium is in that Wine the remaining feces on the bottom may be flung away This Alcool must be abstracted in Balneo Mariae then that Opium appeareth in the bottom of the glass in thickness of Honey then take the out-queezed juice of Lemons as fresh as you can have them let it run through a woolen bag to clarifie it of this juice half an ounce and of the said Opium half an ounce mingle it well together then ad to it of Oyl of Cinnamon ℈ 1 Oyl of Cloves ℈ ss of the Magisterie of Pearles and of the Magisterie of Corals of each ʒ 2 of Amber ℈ 1 ss of Mosch ℈ 1 of oriental Saffron ℈ ss of the extract of Castorium extracted with Aquavitae one dram mingle all these well together lute the glass body that nothing vapour away let it be in a warm place in digestion twenty dayes after that time open the glass all that is in it is wholly ready and prepared take it out and keep it for use If you will have this Electuary yet better then you may ad unto of Tinctura Auri ℈ ss but I was contented alwaies with the above said Receipt This Electuarium hath extraordinary vertues for many infirmities and it may very well be held for a treasure It allayeth all raging and beating in wounds asswageth the pains in the head causeth sweet sleep expels the pains in the body warmeth the inward parts is a strengthner to the skull refresheth the spirit and maketh the party merry it causeth good appetite to eat refresheth the head opposeth rheums that they hardly shall come to any increase all its good qualities cannot be exprest The dose of it is from four grains to six eight twelve and more as necessity shall require it which you ought to take notice of it may safely be used One thing I must give warning of viz. if you have a A warning patient whose breast is obstructed with