it is uncapable of that exquisite smoothness in the surface which may be obtained by steel therefore can it not touch Iron so exquisitely or in so many points as Steel may and consequently not invade it with so many Direct and united rayes But Steel being of a more simple substance and close contexture may in all its substance be imbued with the Magnetique Virtue and being polisht touch an Iron to which it is admoved with more parts and invade it with more dense and united rayes For those indirect rayes which otherwise the Loadstone would diffuse scatteringly through the Medium in respect of the various inequalities of it superfice and multitude of small pores intercepted among its particles the Steel doth recollect unite and transmit to the Iron admoved and thereby more strongly embrace and detain it We say To Iron Admoved For though the Retentive Virtue of a Loadstone Armed with Steel be by many degrees stronger yet is its Attractive Virtue by some degrees weaker than that of an unarmed Loadstone i. e. it doth not diffuse its Attractive virtue half so farr and a sheet of the finest Venice paper interposed betwixt an Armed stone and Iron doth impede its Attraction a manifest argument that the Fortification is determined only to contact This we confess Mersennus flatly denies and upon his own observation but till our Reader shall meet with such a stone as Mersennus used we advise him not to desert the common Experience of the impediment of the Attraction of Iron by an Armed Loadstone by paper interposed since Grandamicus whose chief business was the exact observation of all Magnetique Apparences expresly saith vix fit adhaesio ferri ad lapidem armatum si vel Charta vel aliud tenuissimum Corpus interponatur It hath moreover observed that if a Magnet be perforated along its Axis and a rod of polisht Steel exactly accommodated to the perforation be thrust thorow it its orb of Attraction shall be much enlarged and its Energy fortified to an incredible rate Consule Iacob Grandamicum in Nova Demonstrat Immobilitatis Terrae ex Magneticis cap. 5. Sect. 1. pag. 99. Having layed down these sixe Observables which are of such Capital concernment as that there is no Effect or Phaenomenon of Attraction Magnetical that may not conveniently be referred to one or more of them and consigned a probable Reason to each the onely memorable Difficulty that remains concerning the Attractive Virtue of Magnetiques is Why a small or weak Loadstone doth snatch away an Iron from a Great or more potent one But as the incomparable Kircher hath subtely observed a small or weak Loadstone doth remove a Needle from a Great and Potent one while it self remains within the sphere of the Great or strong ones activity because the virtue of the small or weak stone is Corroborated by the Accession of that of the Great or strong Which is demonstrable from hence that if the Needle be so long that its extremes reach beyond the orb of the Great Loadstones activity then cannot a less or less potent one remove it away and elevate it and in case one of the extremes be somewhat too near to either Pole of the Great Loadstone then is the Less stone much less able to substract the Needle than in the former case because so the Virtue of the Great Loadstone is augmented by the Addition of that of the Less And hence by way of COROLLARY we observe that the Abduction of a piece of Iron from the Earth by a Loadstone is so farr from being a good Argument against the Earths being Magnetique or one vast Loadstone that it rather makes for it because the Loadstone being applied to the Iron and operating within the sphere of the Earths Virtue is so Corroborated thereby that it abduceth the Iron from it by the same reason that a Less Loadstone snatcheth a Needle from a Great one And thus much concerning the Attractive Faculty of the Loadstone both according to the most considerable Doctrine of the Ancients and the more exact Theory of the Moderns SECT II. TO enquire the Reason therefore of the other General Propriepriety of Magnetiques their DIRECTION or Conversion of their Poles â—o North and South is all the remainder of our praesent Design which that we may accomplish with as much plainness and brevity as the quality of the Argument will admit of we shall observe the same advantageous Method of Disquisition as we have done in the former touching the Causes and Wayes of Magnetique Attraction reducing all the observations of the Moderns of the Direction Declinatâ—on and Inclination of the Loadstone and other Magnetical bodies to certain Heads and disposing them according to their order of subalternate dependency The FIRST OBSERVABLE is that the Loadstone and Iron are Twinns in their Generation and of so great Affinity in their Natures that Dr. Gilbert might justly say that a Loadstone is Iron Crude and Iron a Loadstone excocted For they are for the most part found lodged together in the same subterraneons bed as the experience of all such as are conversant about Iron Mines in Germany Italy France England and most other Countries doth every day demonstrate And that iâ— the most probable Cause that can be given why Loadstones geneâ—â—lly are so much the more Vigorous and perfect by how much deepâ—â— in the Veins of Iron Mines they are digged There is indeed a reâ—â—rt diffused not only among the People but also some of the highest foâ—â— of Learned Writers and chiefly derived from the authority of Strabo that in the Western Ocean are certain vast Magnetick â—ooks 〈◊〉 drawing Ships that sail near them by reason of the Iron 〈◊〉 wherewith their ribbs and plancks are fastned and held together with irresistible violence and impetuosity split them in pieces or extracting the Iron pinns carry them like arrowes flying to a Butt through the aer But the light of Navigation hath long since discovered this story to be as highly Romantique as the Enchanted Castles of our Knights Errant or the most absurd of Sir Iohn Mandevils Fables and herein we may say of Strabo as Lucian of the Indian History of Ctesias the Cnidian Physician to Artaxerxes King of Persia scripsit de ijs quae nec ipse vidit unquam neque ex ullius sermone audivit The SECOND That the Loadstone seems not only to have all the Conditions of the Terrestrial Globe but also to imitate the positional respects thereof conforming it self exactly unto it For as the Terraqueous Globe hath Two Poles by which it owns a respect to the Poles of the Heavens the one Borâ—al the other Austral so likewise hath the Loadstone two contrary Poles alwayes discoverable in the opposite parts or extremes thereof especially if it be turned into a sphere And as the Globe of the Earth hath an Aequator Parallels and Meridians so hath the Loadstone as may be demonstrated to the eye by applying a small Steel
Disseminate Inanity neither important nor câ—mpetent ibid. 9 The Hypâ—theâ—is of a câ—rtâ—in Aethereal substance to replenish thâ— porâ—s â—f Boâ—ies in Raâ—ifaction demonstrated insufficient to solve the Difficulty or demolish the Epâ—cuâ—ean Thâ—sis of small Vacuities 254 10 The Facility of understanding the Reasons and Manner of 〈◊〉 and Condensation from the Concâ—ssion of sâ—all Vacuities illustrated by a 〈…〉 255 11 PARADOX Thaâ— the Matter of a Body when 〈…〉 no more of true Place 〈…〉 and the Coâ—câ—liaâ—ion thereof to the 〈◊〉 Definitions of a Rare and of a Denâ—e Boâ—y 2â—6 12 PROBLEM 〈…〉 be capable of Condensation to so hiâ—g 〈◊〉 as it is of Rariâ—faction and the 〈◊〉 â—olution therof ibid. SECT III. ART C. 1 THe opportunity of the present speculation concerning the Câ—uses of Perâ—picuity and Opacity â—â—8 2 The true Notions of a Perâ—picuum and Opacum ibid. 3 That every Concretion is so much the more 〈◊〉 by how much thâ— more and more ample Inane Spaces 〈◊〉 inâ—â—rcepted among its particles caeteus paâ—â—bus ibid. 4 Why Glass though much more Dense is yet much more Diaphanous than Paper 259 5 Why â—he Diaphanity of Glass is gradually diminished according to the various degrees of its Crassitude ibid. 6 An Apodictical Confutation of that popular Error that Glass is totally or in every particle Diaphanous 260 CHAP. X. Of Magnitude Figure And their Consequents Subtility Hebetude Smoothness Asperity 261 SECT I. ARTIC 1 THe Contexture of this Chapter with the praecedent ibid. 2 That the Magnitude of Concretions ariseth from the Magnitude of their Material Principles ibid. 3 The praesent intentiâ—n of the term Magnitude ibid. 4 That the â—uantity of a thing is meerly the Matter of it 2â—2 5 The Quantity of a thing neither Augmented by its Rarefaction nor diminished by its Condensation contrary to the Aristotelians who distinguish the Qâ—antity of a Body from its Substaâ—ce ibid. 6 The reason of Quantity explicable also meerly from the notion of Place 263 7 The Existence of a Body without real Extension and of Extension without a Body though impossible to Nature yet easie to God ibid. 8 COROLLARY That the primary Cause why Nature admits no Penetration of Dimensiâ—ns is rather the Solidity than the Extension of a Body 264 9 The reasons of Quantity Continued and Dâ—screte or Magnitude and Multitude ibid. 10 That no Body is perfectly Continued beside an Atom ibid. 11 Aristotles Dâ—finition of a Continuum in what respect true and what false 265 12 Figure Physicalâ—y considered nothing but the superficies or terminant Extremes of a Body ibid. SECT II. ARTIC 1 THe Continuity of this to the first Section 266 2 Subtility and Hebetude how the Consequents of Magnitude ibid. 3 A considerable Exception of the Chymests viz. that some Bodies are dissolved in liquors of grosser particles which yet conserve their Continuity in liquors of most subtile and corrosive particles prevented ibid. 4 Why Oyle dissociates the parts of some Bodies which remain inviolate in Spirit of Wine and why Lightning is more penetrative than Fire 267 5 Smoothness and Asperity in Concretions the Consequents of Figure in their Material Principles ibid. CHAP. XI Of the Motive Vertue Habit Gravity and Levity of Concretions â—69 SECT I. ARTIC 1 THe Motive Virtue of all Concretions derived from the essential Mobility of Atoms ibid. 2 Why the Motive Virtue of Concretions doth reside principally in their spiritual Parts 270 3 That the Deviation of Concretions from motion Direct and their Tardity in motion arise from the Deflections and â—epercussions of Atoms composing them ibid. 4 Why the motion of all Concretions necessarily praessâ—pâ—ssâ—th something that remains unmoved or that in respect of its slower motion is equivalâ—nt â—o a thing Vnmoved ibid. 5 What 〈◊〉 Aâ—tive Faculty of a thing is 271 6 That in Nature every Faculty is Active none Passive ibid. 7 A Peripatetick Contradiction assuming the Matter of alâ— Bodies to be devoid of all Activity and yet dâ—suming some Faculties à tota substantia 272 8 That the â—aculties of Animals the Ratiocination of man onely excepted are Identical with their spirits ibid. 9 The Reasons of the Coexistence of Various Faculties in one and the same Concretion ibid. 10 Habit defiâ—ed 273 11 That the Reason of all Habits in Animals consisteth principally in the conformity and flexibility of the Organs which the respective Faculty makes use of for the performance of its proper Actions ibid. 12 Habits acquirable by Bruits and common not onely to Vegetables but also to some Minerals 2â—4 SECT II. ARTIC 1 GRavity as to its Essence or Formal Reason very obscure 275 2 The opinion of Epicurus good as to the Cause of Comparative insufficient as to the â—ause of Absolute Gravity ibid. 3 Aristotles opinion of Gravity recited ibid. 4 Copernicus theory of Gravity insatisfactory and wherein 276 5 The Determination of Kepler Gassendus c. that Gravity is Caused meâ—rly by the Attraction of the Earth espoused by the Author 277 6 The External Principle of the perpendicular Descent of a stone projected up in the Aer must be either Depellent or Attrahent ibid. 7 That the Resistence of the Superior Aer is the onely Cause which gradually refracteth and in fine wholly overcometh the Imâ—rest Force whereby a stone projected is elevated upward ibid. 8 That the Aer distracted by a stone violently ascending hath as well a Depulsive as a Resistent Faculty arising immediately from its Elaterical or Restorative motion 279 9 That nevertheless when a stone projected on high in the Aer is at the highest point of its mountee no Cauâ—e can Begâ—â— its Downward Motion but the Attractive Virtue of the Earth 280 10 Argument that the Tâ—râ—aqueous Globe is endowed with a certain Attractive Faculty in order to the Dâ—tention and Retraction of aâ—l its Parts 2â—1 11 What are the Parts of the TerrestrialGlobe 282 12 A Second Argument that the Earth is Magnetical ibid. 13 A Parallelism betwixt the Attraction of Iron by a Loadstone and the Attraction of Terrene bodies by the Eaâ—th 283 14 That as the sphere of the Loadstones Allective Virtue is limited so is that of the Eartâ—s magnetism ibid. 15 An Objection of the Disproportion between the great Bulk of a large stone and the Exility of the supposed magnetique Rays of the Earth Solved by three weighty Reasons 284 16 The Reason of the Aequivelocity of Bodies oâ— different weights in their perpendicular Descent with sundry unquestionable Authorities to confirm the Hoti thereof â—85 17 That the whole Terrestrial Globe is devoid of Gravity and that in the universe is no Highest nor Lowest place 2â—6 18 That the Centre of the Vniverse is not the Lowest part thereof nor the Centre of the Earth the Centre of the World 287 19 A Fourth Argument that Gravity is onely Attraction 289 20 Why a greater Gravity or stronger Attractive force is imprest upon a piece of Iron by a Loadstone than by the Earth ibid. 21 A Fifth Argument
Dissolve the compage of the Metal or Ice and Dissociate all the particles thereof for so long as the Heat is continued so long do the Ice and Metal remain Dissolved and Fluid This considered what shall we say to Aristotle who makes it the Essential Attribute of Heat Congregare Homogenea to Congregate Homogeneous Bodies Truly rather then openly convict so great a Votary to truth of so palpable an Error we should gladly become his Compurgator and palliate his mistake with an indulgent comment that in his Definition of Heat to be a Quality genuinely Congregative of Homogeneous natures He had his eye not upon the General Effect of Heat which He could not but observe to Disgregate the particles of all things aswel Homogeneous as Heterogeneous but upon some special Effect of it upon some particular Concretions such as are Compounded of parts of Divers natures as Wood and all Combustible bodies Concerning which indeed His Assertion is thus far justifiable that the whole Bodie is so dissolved by fire as that the Dissimilar parts of it are perfectly sequestred each from other and every one attains it proper place the Aereal part ascending and associating with the Aer the Aqueous evaporating the Igneous discovering themselves in Flame and the earthy remaining behind in the forme of Ashes But alas this favourable Conjecture cannot excuse nor gild over his Incogitancy for the Congregation of the Homogenous particles of a Body dissolved by Fire in the place most convenient to their particular Nature ariseth immediately from their own Tendency thither or that we may speak more like our selves i. e. the Disciples of Epicurus from their respective proportions of Gravity the more Heavy extruding and so impelling upward the less heavy and only Accidentally from Heat or as it hath dissolved the caement and so the Continuity of the Concretion wherein they were confusedly and promiscuously blended together So that Truth will not dispense with our Connivence at so dangerous a Lapse though in one of Her choicest Favorites chiefly because it hath already deluded so many of Her seekers under the glorious title of a Fundamental Axiome but strictly enjoynes Us to Conclude that Heat per se or of its own nature is alwayes a Disgregative Quality and that it is of of meer Accident that upon the sequestration of Heterogeneities Homogeneous Natures are associated rather than è contra that it is of meer Accident that while Heat Congregates Homogeneous it should Disgregate Heterogeneous Natures as Aristotle most inconsiderately affirmed and taught SECT II. AS in the Course so in the Discourse of Nature having done with the principle of Life Heat we must immediately come to the principle of Death COLD whose Essence we cannot seasonably explain before we have proved that it hath an Essence since many have hotly though with but cold Arguments contended that it hath none at all but is a meer Privation or Nothing That Cold therefore is a Real Ens and hath a Positive Nature of its own may be thus demonstrated 1. Such are the proper Effects of Cold as cannot without open absurdity be ascribed to a simple Privation since a Privation is incapable of Action for Cold compingeth all Bodies that are capable of its efficacy and congealeth Water into Ice which is more than ever any man durst assigne to a privation And when a man thrusts his hand into cold Water the Cold He then feels cannot be sayd to be a meer privation of the Heat of his hand since his hand remains as Hot if not hotter than before the Calorifick Atoms of his hand being more united by the circumobsistence of the Cold. 2. All Heat doth Concentre and unite it self upon the Antiperistasis of Cold not from fear of a privation because Heat is destitute of a sense of its owne being and so of fear to lose that being and if not yet Nothing can have no Contrariety nor Activity but from Repulsion as we have formerly delivered 3. Though many bodies are observed to become Cold upon the absence or Expiration of Heat yet is it the intromission of the Quality contrary to Heat that makes them so for if External Cold be not introduced into their pores they cannot be so properly sayd Frigescere to wax Cold as Decalescere to wax less Hot. Thus a stone which is not Hot nor Cold unless by Accident being admoved to the fire is made Hot and removed from the fire you cannot unless the ambient Aer intromit its Cold into it so justly say that it growes Cold as that it grows Less hot or returnes to its native state of indifferency 4. When Water vulgarly though untruely praesumed to be naturally or essentially cold is congealed into Ice by the Cold of the aer it would be most shamefully absurd to affirm that the Cold of the Ice ariseth meerly from the Absence of Heat in the water because it is the essential part of the supposition that the Water had no Heat before 5. Privation knowes no Degrees for the Word imports the totall Destitution or Absence of somewhat formerly had otherwise in rigid truth it can be no Privation and therefore our common Distinction of a Partial and Total privation hath lived thus long meerly upon indulgence and tolleration but Cold hath its various Degrees for Water is colder to the touch than Earth Ice than Water c. therefore Cold is no Privative but a Positive Quality The Reality of Cold being thus clearly evicted we may with more advantage undertake the consideration of its Formality and explore the roots of those Attributes commonly imputed thereunto First therefore we observe that though Cold be Scholastically defined by that passion caused in the organs of the sense of touching upon the contact of a Cold object yet doth not that special Notion sufficiently express its Nature because there is a more General Effect by which it falls under our cognizance and that is the Congregation and Compaction of the parts of bodies For since Cold is the Antagonist to Heat whose proper vertue it is to Discuss and Disgregate therefore must the proper and immediate virtue of Cold be to Congregate and Compinge and consequently ought we to form to our selves a notion of the Essence of Cold according to that general Effect rather than that special one produced in the sense of Touching which doth adumbrate only a Relative part of it Secondly that by Cold we understand not any Immaterial Quality as Aristotle and the Schools after him but a Substantial one i. e. certain particles of Matter or Atoms whose determinate Magnitude and Figure adapt or empower them to congregate and compinge bodies or to produce all those Effects observed to arise immediately from Cold. And as the Atoms which are comparated to the Causation of such Effects may rightly be termed the Atoms of Cold or Frigorifick Atoms so may those Concretions which harbour such Atoms and are capable of Emitting them be named Cold Concretions
de marbre blanâ— ave◠〈…〉 Ebubeâ—er Ali Omar Otman Califs successeurs de Maâ—omet 〈…〉 au pres de soy les livres de sa vie de sa Secte 〈…〉 c. And if we consult our own Reason considering the setled 〈…〉 alterable Laws of Magnetical Attraction we shall soon be 〈◊〉 not onely of the monstrous Falsity but absolute Impossibility 〈◊〉 the Effect For should we grant it to be in the power of 〈◊〉 industry to place an Iron so praecisely in the neutral point of the Medium betwixt two Loadstones equally attracting it the one upward the other downward as that the Gravity of the Iron and downward Attraction of the Inferiour Loadstone might not exceed nor be exceeded by the â—pward Attraction of the Superiour Loadstone and so the Iron should remain without any visible support Aequilibrated betwixt them iâ— the Aer yet could not that position of the Iron be of any Duration because upon the least mutation of the temper of the Iron or motion of it by the waving of the Aer from high winds and divers other causes the Aequilibration must cease and the Iron immediately determine it self to the Victor or strongest Attractor But since what is here supposed is wholly repugnant to the Experience of all who have or shall attempt so to aequilibrate an Iron in the Aer betwixt two Loadstones as that it shall not feel the Attractive Virtue of one more strong than that of the other we need not long study what to think of the suspension of Mahomets Iron Chest. Nor is it less impossible that an Iron should be held up at distance in the Aer by the Virtue of a Loadstone placed above it insomuch as that force which at first is sufficient to overcome the resistence of the Irons Gravity and elevate it from the ground must as the Iron approacheth nearer be still more potent to attract it and so that cannot oppose the Attractive Energy of the Loadstone in the middle of it sphere which was forced to submit and conform unto it in the Extremes This we may soon experiment with a Needle by a thread chained to a table and elevated perpendicularly in the aer by the pole of a Loadstone for the Needle will nimbly spring up to meet the Loadstone so farr as the thread will give it scope and if the tâ—read be cut off it instantly quits the medium and unites it self to its Attractor from whose embraces it was before violently detained Hereupon as we may assure our selves that Dinocrates that famous Architect who as Pliny relates lib. 34. cap. 14. began to Arch the Temple of Arsinoe in Alexandria with Loadstones that so Her Iron Statue might remain Pendulous in the aer to excite wonder and Veneration in the Spectators but was interrupted in the middle of his Work both by his own death and that of Ptolomy Arsinoes Brother who expired not long before him died most opportunely in respect of his Reputation because He must have failed of the chief Design though he had lived to finish his structure so also can it be no longer doubted that Ruffinus his story of the Iron Chariot in the Temple of Serapis and Beda's of the Iron Horse of Bellerâ—phon sustained by Loadstones so cunningly posited as that their Virtues concurr and become adjusted in one determinate point are meer Fables and fit to be told by none but doating old women in the chimney corner The FIFTH As one Loadstone is stronger in its Attractive Virtue than another though of the same nay perhaps much greater bulk and weight so is some Iron more disposed than other both to admit and conform to the Attraction of a Loadstone and after invigoration to attract and impraegnate other Iron As for the Vigour and Perfection of a Loadstone it consisteth both in its Native Purity and Artificial Politeness 1 In its Native Purity for if no Dross or Heterogeneous substance be admixt to the Magnetick Vein in the earth from which a Magnet is extracted then is that Loadstone superlatively potent and energetical in Attraction and among Loadstones of this sincere and homogeneous Constitution there are found no degrees of Comparison but what the Difference of their several Bulks doth necessarily create But in case any Heterogeneous matter be commixt with the Magnetick seeds or particles of a Loadstone at its Concretion as it for the most part falls out then must the Attractive Energy of that stone be weaker according to the proportion of that spurious matter admixed thereunto This may be confirmed from hence that some very small Loadstones are more potent than very Great ones of which sort shall we account that of which Mersennus de Magnete affirms that weighing but 7 Gr. in all it would nimbly attract and elevate a mass of Iron 17 times higher than it self and from hence that some stones that were dull and languid before after the secretion of their Drossy and Impure parts become very active and potent Thus when any Heterogeneous substance hath been like a Cortex or shell circumobduced about a Loadstone in its concretion if the same be pared or filed away and the remaining Kernel be polished its Virtue shall be augmented to a very great proportion 2 In its Artificial Tersness or Politeness for by how much smoother a Loadstone is in it superfice with so many the more rayes of Virtue both Attrahent and Amplectent or Connectent doth it touch Iron oblated unto it and è contra Likewise as for the more or less praedisposiâ—ion of Iron both to receive the Attractive influence of a Loadstone and after excitement to attract other iron this also consisteth either in its more or less of Native Purity or of Acquired Politeness because how much the nearer it comes to the pure nature of Steel by so many the more parts hath it both Unitive unto the Loadstone and susceptive of its rayes and by how much more smooth and equal it superfice is made by so many more are the parts by which it doth touch and adhaere unto the Loadstone and consequently imbibe so much the more of its Virtue and è contra And this introduceth The SIXTH OBSERVABLE That a Loadstone being Armed or Capp't with steel is thereby so much Corroborated that it will take up a farr greater weight of Iron or Steel than while it remained naked or unarmed For Mersennus had a Loadstone which as himself avoucheth being naked could elevate no more than half an ounce of Iron but when he had armed it with pure and polisht steel it would easily suspend 320 times a greater weight i. e. ten pounds of Iron a proportion not credible but upon the certificate of Experiment Now the Cause of this admirable Corroboration of the Loadstones Attractive Virtue by a plate of polisht Steel can be no other than this that the Loadstone being of such a rough contexture as that in respect of the particles of some heterogeneous matter concorporated unto it
Perspicuity and Opacity Art 2. The true Notions of a Perspicuum and Opaâ—um Art 3. That every Concretion is so much the more Diaphaâ—ous by how much the more more ample Inane Spaces are intercepted among its particles caeteris paâ—ibus Art 4. Why Glass though much more Dense is yet much more Diaphanous than Paper Art 5. Why the Diaphanity of Glass is gradually diminished according to the various degrees of its Craâ—â—â—tude Art 6. An Apodictical Confutation of that popular Error that Glass is totally or in every particle Diaphanous Art 1. The Contexture of this Chapter with the praecedent Art 2. That the Magnitude of Concretions ariseth from the Magnitude of their Material Principles Art 3. The praesent intention of the term Magnitude Art 4. That the Quantity of a thing is meerly the Matter of it Art 5. The Quantity of a thing neither augmented by its Rarefaction noâ— diminished by itâ— Condensation contrary to the Aristoâ—eleans who distinguish the Quantity of a Body frâ—m itâ— Substance Art 6. The reason of Quantiâ—y explicable also meerly from the notion of Place Art 7. The Existence of a Body without real Exâ—ension of Exâ—â—â—sion without a Bâ—dy 〈…〉 to Nature yet 〈◊〉 to God Art 11 Aristotles Definition of a Continuum in what respect true and whaâ— false Art â—2 Figure Physically considâ—red nothing but the superficies or terminant Extreâ—â— of a Body Art 1. The Continuity of this to the first Section Art 2. 〈…〉 Art 3. A considerable Exception of the Chymists â— viz. that some Bodies are dissolved in liâ—uorâ— of 〈◊〉 particles which 〈…〉 Art 4. Why Oyle dissociates the parts of some Bodies which remain inviolate in Spirit of Wine and why Lightning is more penetrative than Fire Art 5. Smoothness and Asperity in Concretions the Conâ—equents of Figure in hâ—â—r Material Principles Art 1. The Motive Virtue of all Concretions derived from the essential Mobility oâ— Atoms Art 2. 〈…〉 Partâ— Art 5. What the Active Faculty of a thing is Art 6. That in Nature every Faculty is Active none Passive Art 7. A Peripatetick Contradiction assuming the Matter of all Bodies to be devoid of all Activity and yet desuming some Faculties â tota substantia Art 8. That the Faculties of Animals the Ratiocination of man only excepted are Identical with their spirits Art 9. The Râ—â—sons of the Coexistence of Various Faculties in one and the same Concretion Art 10. Habit defined Art 11. That the Reason of all Habits in Animals consisteth principally in the conformity and flâ—xibility of the Organs which the râ—spective Faculty makes use of for the performance of its proper Actions Art 12. Habits acquirable by Bruits and common not only to Vegetables but also to some Minerals Art 1. Gravity as to â—â—s Essence oâ— Formal Reason very obscure Art 2. The opinion of Epicurus good as to the Cause of Comparative insufficient as to the Cause of Absolute Gravity Art 3. Aristotles opinion of Gravity recited Art 4. Copernicus theory of Gravity insatisfactory and wherein Art 5. The Determination of Kepler Gassendus c. that Gravity is Caused meerly by the Attraction of the Earth espoused by the Author Art 6. The Extâ—rnal Principle of the perpendicular Descent of a stone projected up in the Aer must be either Depellâ—nt or Atâ—rahent Art 7. That the Resistence of the Superior Aer is the only Cause which gradually refracteth and in fine wholly overcometh the Imprest Force whereby a stone projected is elevated upward Art 8. Thaâ— the Aer distracted by a stone violently ascending hath as well a Depulsive as a Resistent Faculty arising immediately from its Elaterical or Restorative motion Art 9. That nevertheleâ—â— when 〈…〉 on high in the 〈…〉 no Causâ— can 〈◊〉 Downwâ—â—â— Motio◠〈…〉 Art 10. Aâ—gument that 〈◊〉 Terraqueous Glâ—be is endowed with a certain Attractive Faculty in order to the Detention and Retraction of all its Parts Art 11. What are the Parts of the Terrestrial Globe Art 12. A Second Argument that the Earth is Magnetical Art 13. A Parallelisme betwixt the Attraction of Iron by a Lâ—adâ—tone aâ—d the Attraction of Terrene bodies by the Earth Art 14. That as the sphere oâ— the Loadstones Allective Virtue is limited so is that of the Earths magnetism Art 15. An Obiection of the Disproportion between the great Bulk of a large 〈◊〉 and the Exâ—â—â—â—y of the supposed magnetique Rays of the Earth Solved by three wâ—ighty Reasons Art 16. The Reason of the Aequivelocity of Bodies of different weights in their perpendicular Descent with sundry unquestionable Authorities to câ—nfirm the Hoti thereof Art 18. That the Centre of the Univerâ—e is not the Lâ—wâ—st part â—â—â—reof nor the Centre of the Earth the Centre of the World Art 19. A Fourth Aâ—gument that Gravity is only Attraction Art 20. Why a greater Gravity or stronger Attractive force is â—mprest â—pon a piece of iron by a Loadstone than by the Earth Art 21 A â—ifth Argument almost Apâ—â—icticaâ—â— that Gravity 〈◊〉 the Effect 〈◊〉 the Earth â—â—â—â—raction Art 1. â—word nothing 〈…〉 Art 1. The Connection of this to the immediately precedent Chapter Art 2. Why the Author deduceth the 4 First Qualities not from the 4 vulgar Elements but from the. 3 Proprieties of Atoms Art 3. The Nature of Heat is to be conceived from its General Effect viz. the Penetration Discussion and Dissolution of Bodies concrete Art 4. Heat defined as no Immaterial but a 〈…〉 Art 7. That the Atoms of Heat are capable of Expedition or deliverance from Concretions Two wayes viz. by Evâ—cation and Motion Art 8. An Vnâ—raâ—us matter the chief Seminary of the Atoms of Heat and why Aâ—â— â— Among â—nctuouâ— Concreâ—â—ons Whâ— some arâ— more â—asily inflammablâ— than others Art 11. PROBLEM 1. Why the â—ottoâ— of a Caldâ—â—n wherein Water is boyling may be touched by the hand of a man â—ithout burning 〈…〉 Art 12. PROBLEM 2. Why Lime becomes ardent upon the affusion of Water â—ol Art 13. PROBLEM 3. Why the Heat of Lime burning is more vehement than the Heat of any Flame whatever Sol. Art 14. PROBLEM 4 Why boyling Oyle scalds more vehemently then boyling Water Sol. Art 15. PROBLEM 5 Why Metals melted or made red hot burn more violent than the Fire that melteth or heateth them Sol. Art 16. CONSECTARY 2. That as the degrees of Heat so those of fire are innumerably vâ—rious Art 17. That to the Calefaction Combustion or Inflammation of a body by fire is required a certain space of time and that the space is greater or less according to the paucity or abundance of the igneous Atoms invading the body obiected and more or less of aptitude in the contexture thereof to admit them Art 18. Flame more or less Durable for various respects Art 19. CONSECTARY 3. That the immediate and genuine Effect of Heat is the Disgregation of all bodies as well Homogeneous as Heterogenous and that the Congregation of Homogeneous Natures is only an Accidentalâ—ffâ—ct â—ffâ—ct of Hâ—aâ— contrary
Scorpion bruised and laid warm upon the part which it hath lately wounded and envenomed doth cure the same 379 29 That some Poisons are Antidotes against others by way of direct Contrariety ibid. 30 Why sundry particular men and some whole Nations have fed upon Poisonous Animals and Plants without harm· 380 31 The Armary Unguent and Sympathetick Powder impugned ibid. 32 The Authors Retraction of his quondam Defence of the Magnetick Cure of Wounds made in his Prolegomena to Helmonts Book of that subject and title 381 CHAP. XVI The Phaenomena oâ— the Loadstone Explicated p. 383. SECT I. ARTIC 1 THe Nature and Obscurity of the Subject hinted by certain Metaphorical Cognomina agreeable thereunto though in divers relations ibid. 2 Why the Author insisteth not upon the 1 several Appellations 2 Inventor of the Loadstone 3 invention of the Pixis Nautica 384 3 The Virtues of the Loadstone in General Two the Attractive and Directive ibid. 4 Epicurus his first Theory of the Cause and Manner of the Attraction of Iron by a Loadstone according to the Exposition of Lucreâ—ius ibid 5 His other solution of the same according to the Commentary of Galen 386 6 Galens three Grand Objections against the same briefly Answered 387 7 The insatisfaction of the Ancients Theory necessitates the Author to recur to the Speculations and Observations of the Moderns concerning the Attraction of Iron by a Magnet and the Reduction of them all to a few Capital observables viz. 388 8 A Parallelism betwixt the Magnetique Faculty of the Loadstone and Iron and that of Sense in Animals 389 9 That the Loadstone and Iron interchangeably operate each upon other by the mediation of certain Corporeal Species transmitted in â—ays and the Analogy of the Magnetick and Luminous Rayes 390 10 That every Loadstone in respect of the Circumradiation of its Magnetical Aporrhae's ought to be allowed the supposition of a Centre Axis and Diametre of an Aequator and the Advantages thence accrewing 391 11 The Reason of that admirable Bi-form or Janus-like Faculty of Magneticks and why the Poles of a Loadstone are incapable but those of a Needle easily capable of transplantation from one Extreme to the contrary 392 12 An Objection of the Aversion or Repulsion of the North Pole of one Loadstone or Needle by the North Pole of Another praevented 393 13 Three principal Magnetick Axioms deduced from the same Fountain ibid. 14 A DIGRESSION to the Iron Tomb of Mahomet 394 15 That the Magnetique Vigour or Perfection both of Loadstones and Iron doth consist in either their Native Purity and Vniformity of Substance or their Artificial Politeness 396 16 That the Arming of a Magnet with polished Steel doth highly Corroborate but as much diminish the sphere of its Attractive Virtue ibid. 17 Why a smaller or weaker Loadstone doth snatch away a Needle from a Greater or more Potent one while the small or weak one is held within the sphere of the great or stronger ones Activity and not otherwise 397 18 COROLLARY Of the Abduction of Iron from the Earth by a Loadstone 398 SECT II. ARTIC 1 THe Method and Contents of the Sect. ibid. 2 Affinity of the Loadstone and Iron ibid. 3 The Loadstone conforms it self in all respects to the Terrestrial Globe as a Needle conforms it self to the Loadstone 399 4 Iron obtains a Verticity not onely from the Loadstone by affriction or Aspiration but also from the Earth it self and that according to the laws of Position 400 5 One and the same Nature in common to the Earth Loadstone and Iron 401 6 The Earth impragnating Iron with a Polary Affection doth cause therein a Local Immutation of its insensible particles 402 7 The Loadstone doth the same 403 8 The Magnetique Virtue a Corporeal Efflux ib. 9 Contrary Objections and their Solutionâ— 404 10 A Parallelism of the Magnetique Virtue and the Vegetative Faculty of Plants 405 11 Why Poles of the same respect and name are Enemies and those of a Contrary respect and name Friends 406 12 When a Magnet is dissected into two pieces why the Boreal part of the one half declinâ—s Conjunction with the Bâ—reaâ— part of the other and the Austral of one with the Austral of the other ibid. 13 The Fibres of the Earth extend from Pole to Pole and that may be the Cause of the firm Cohaesion of all its Parts conspiring to conserve its Spherical Figure 407 14 Reason of Magnetical Variation in divers climates and places ibid. 15 The Decrement of Magnetical Variation in one and the same place in divers years 410 16 The Cause thereof not yet known ibid. 17 No Magnet hath more than Two Legitimate Poles and the reasons of Illegitimate ones 411 18 The Conclusion Apologetical and an Advertisement that the Attractive and Directive Actions of Magnetiques arise from one and the same Faculty and that they were distinguished onely 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for convenience of Doctrine 412 The Fourth Book CHAP. I. Of Generation and Corruption p. 415 SECT I. ARTIC 1 THe Introduction ibid 2 The proper Notions of Generation and Corruption 4â—6 3 Various opinions of the Ancient Philosophers touching the reason of Generation and the principal Authors of pacti 417 4 The two great opinions of the same Philosophers concerning the manner of the Commistion of the Common Principles in Generation faithfully and briefly stated 418 5 That of Aristotle and the Stoicks refuted and Chrysippus subâ—ersuge convicted of 3 Absurdities 419 6 Aristotles twofold Evasion of the Incongruities attending the position of the Remaneâ—ce of things commixed notwithstanding their supposed reciprocal Transubstantiation found likâ—wise meerly Sâ—phistical 420 7 That the Fâ—rms of things arising in Generation are no New substances nor distinct from thâ—ir matter contrary to the Aristoteleans 422 8 That the Form of a thing is onely a certain Quality or determinate Modification of its Matter 424 9 An abstract of the theory of the Atomists touching the same 4â—5 10 An illusâ—ration thereof by a praegnant and â—pportuâ—â— Iâ—stance viz. the Genâ—ration of Fire Flame Fume Soot Ashes and Salt from Wood dissolved by Fire 4â—6 SECT II. ARTIC 1 THat in Corruption no substance perisheth but only that determinate Modification of substance or Matter which specified â—he thing 428 2 Enforcement of the same Thesis by an illustrious Example 429 3 An Experiment demonstrating that the Salt of Ashes was praeexistent in Wood and not produced but onely educed by Fire ibid. 4 The true sense of three General Axioms deduced from the precedent doctrine of the Atomists 4â—0 5 The General Intestine Causes of Corruption chiefly Two 1 the interception of Inanity among the solid particles of Bodies 2 The essential Gravity and inseperable Mobility of Atoms 431 6 The General Manners or ways of Generation and Corruption 432 7 Inadvertency of Aristotle in making Five General Modes of Generation 433 8 The special Manners of Generation innumerable and why ibid. 9 All sorts of Atoms not indifferently competent to
to prove than impertinent to our praesent scope it being sufficient to the verisimility of our assigned Cause of the perpendicular motion of Terrene Bodies to conceive the Globe of the Earth to be a Loadstone only Analogically i. e. that as the Loadstone â—â—th perpetually emit certain invisible streams of exile particles or Rays of subtle bodies whereby to allect magnetical bodies to an union with it self so likewise doth the Earth uncessantly emit certaâ—n invisible streams or Rays of subtile bodies wherewith to attract all its â—â—stracted and divorced Parts back again to an Union with it self and there closely to detain them And justifiable it is for us to affirm that fâ—â—m the Terraqueous Orbe there is a continual Efflux not only of Vapouâ—s Exhalations and such small bodies of which all our Meteors are composed nor only of such as the general mass of Aer doth consist of but also of otheâ— particles far more exile and insensible nor less subtile than thoâ—e which deradiated from the Loadstone in a moment permeate the most solid Marble without the least diminution of their Virtue Because as the Attractive Virtue of the Loadstone is sufficiently demonstrated by the Effect of it the actual Attraction of Iron unto it so is it lawful for us to conclude the Earth to be endowed with an Attractive Virtue also meerly from the sensible Effect of that Vertue the actual Attraction of stones and all other bodies to it self especially since no other Conception of the Nature of that Affection which the world calls Gravity can be brought to a cleer consistence with that notable Apparence the gradual Encrease of Velocity in each degree of a bodies perpendicular fall Besides the Analogy may be farther deduced from hence that as the Virtue of the Loadstone is diffused in round or spherically and upon consequence its Effluvia or Rays are so much the more rare by how much the farther they are transmitted from their source or original and so being less united become less vigorous in their attraction and at large distance i. e. such as exceeds the sphere of their Energy are languid and of no force at all so doth the Terrestrial Globe diffuse its Attractive Virtue in round and upon consequence its Effluvia or Rays become so much the more rare or dispersed by how much farther they are transmitted from their fountain and so being less united cannot attract a stone or other terrene body at excessive dâ—stance such as the Supralunary and Ultramundane spaces Which that we may assert with more perspicuity let us suppose a stone to be placed in those Imaginary spaces which are the outside of the World and in which God had He so pleased might have created more worlds and then examine whether it be more reasonable that that stone should rather move toward this our Earth than remain absolutely immote in that part of the Ultramandan spaces wherein we suppose it posited If you conceive that it would tend toward the Earth imagine not only the Earth but also the whole machine of the world to be Annihilated and that all those vast spaces which the Universe now possesseth were as absolutely Inane as they were before the Creation and then at least because there could be no Centre and all spaces must be alike indifferent you will admit that the stone would remain fixt in the same place as having no Affecctation or Tendency to this part of those spaces which the Earth now possesseth Imagine the World to be then again restored and the Earth to be resituate in the place as before its adnihilation and then can you conceive that the stone would spontaneously tend toward it If you suppose the Affirmative you will be reduced to inextricable difficulties not to grant the Earth to affect the stone and upon consequence to transmit to it some certain Virtue consisting in the substantial Emanations not any simple and immaterial Quality whereby to give it notice of its being restored to its pristine situation and condition For how otherwise can you suppose the stone should take cognizance of and be moved toward the Earth Now this being so what can follow but that stones and all other Bodies accounted Heavy must tend toward the Earth only because they are Attracted to it by rays or streams of Corporeal Emanations from it to them transmitted Go to then let us farther imagine that some certain space in the Atmosphere were by Power supernatural made so Empty as that nothing could arrive thereat either from the Earth or any other Orbe can you then conceive that a stone placed in that Inanity would have any Tendency toward the Earth or Affectation to be united to its Centre Doubtless no more than if it were posited in the Extramundan spaces because having nothing of Communication therewith or any other part of the Universe the case would be all one with the stone as if there were no Earth no World no Centre Wherefore since we observe a stone from the greatest heighth to which any natural force can elevate the same to tend in a direct or perpendicular line to the Earth what can be more rational than for us to conceive that the Cause of that Tendency in the stone is onely this that it hath some communication with the Earth and that not by any naked or Immaterial Quality but some certain Corporeal though most subtile Emanations from the Earth Especially since the Aer incumbent upon the stone is not sufficient to Begin its motion of Descent If you shall yet withhold your Assent from this Opinion which we have thus long endeavoured to defend we conjecture the Remora to be chiefly this that it seems improbable so great a Bulk as that of a very large stone and that 〈◊〉 such pernicity should be attracted by such slender means as our supposed magnetick Emanations and therefore think it our duty to satisfie you concerning this Doubt We Answer 1 That a very great quantity of Iron proportionately is easily and nimbly rusht into the arms of a Loadstone meerly by Rays of most subtle particles such as can be discovered no way but by their Effect 2 That stones and other massy Concretions have no such great ineptitude or Resistence to motion as is commonly praesumed For if a stone of an hundred pound weight be suspended in the Aer by a small wier or chord how small a force is required to the moving of it hither Why therefore should a greater force be required to the Attraction of it downward 3 When you lift up a stone or other body from the Earth you cannot but observe that it makes some Resistence to your Hand more or less according to the bulk thereof which Resistence ariseth from hence that those many magnetique lines deradiated to and fastned upon it by their several Deflexions and Decussations hold it as it were fast chained down to the Earth so that unless a greater force intervene such as may master the Earth Retentive
the Planets which â—â—â—â—iâ—hstanding the deluded sight are demonstâ—â—ted not to be in onâ— bu◠〈◊〉 sphereâ— somâ— farther â—rom some neâ—râ—â— to the Earth disperâ—e◠〈…〉 immense space For from heâ—ce that thâ— Distance betwixt 〈…〉 uâ— iâ— so vast thâ—t our sight not discerning the large spaces intercepted 〈…〉 them in theâ—â— several orbeâ— they all appeâ—â—e at the same distanc◠〈…〉 same â—ircumâ—â—rence woâ—â— Câ—ntre must be there wherâ— thâ— Eye 〈…〉 selâ— about doth behold them so that in whatsoever part of the 〈◊〉 â—pace oâ— thâ— World whether in the Moon Sun or any otheâ— Orb 〈◊〉 â—hall imaginâ— your selâ— to be placed still you must according to 〈…〉 oâ— your sight judge the World to be spherical anâ— that you 〈◊〉 in the verâ— centre of that Circumference in which you conceive all th◠〈◊〉 stars tâ— be constitute Trul◠〈◊〉 worthy thâ— admiration of a wise man to obserâ—e that the very Planeâ—◠〈◊〉 admitted by the Aristoteleans to have certâ—â—n motions 〈…〉 be moved in such Gyres as have not their Centres in the 〈…〉 immensly distant from it and yet that the same Persons 〈…〉 Contradict thâ—mselveâ— as to account that the Centre oâ— the 〈…〉 common Centre of the world about which all the Coelestâ—al 〈…〉 Difâ—â—culties perpended wâ— cannot infallâ—bl◠〈…〉 Earthy Bâ—â—ieâ— when descending in direct lineâ— to 〈…〉 toward the Centre of the Worâ—d and thougâ— the◠〈…〉 toward the Centre of the World yet doth that seem 〈…〉 is also by Accident that they are carried towaâ—â— the 〈…〉 Earth in which as being a meer imaginâ—ry Point the◠〈…〉 attain quiet For per se they are carried towarâ— the 〈…〉 who le or Principâ—e and having once attained thereâ—◠〈…〉 as they no more seek to pass on from thenc◠〈…〉 â—entre thaâ— an Infant received into his Nurses armes or lap 〈…〉 into heâ— Entrals and meerly per Accidens is it that they 〈…〉 the Centre of the Earth because tending in the neeres◠〈…〉 line to the place oâ— their quiet they must be directed 〈…〉 since if we suppose that direct line to be continued it must 〈…〉 the Centre of the Earth And thus have we left no stone 〈…〉 all Aristotles Theory of Gravity which is that Weight is a Quality esâ—â—ntially inhaerent in all terrene Concritions whereby they spontanâ—ousâ—y 〈◊〉 â—oward the Centre of the Terrestrial Globe aâ— to the Common Cenâ—â—e 〈…〉 place in the Vniverse The whole Remainder of our praesâ—â—◠〈◊〉 theâ—eâ—oâ—e concerns our farther Confirmâ—tion of that 〈…〉 of Gravity which we have espoused which is 〈…〉 meer Effect of the Magnetique Attraction of the Earth Let us therefore once more resume our Argument à Simili considering the Analogy betwixt the Attraction of Iron by a Loadstone and that of Terrene Concretions by the Earth not only as to the Manner of their respective Attractions but cheifly as to the parity of Reasons in our judgements upon their sensible Effects When a man holds a plate of Iron of 6 or 7 ounces weight in his hand with a vigorous Loadstone placed at convenient distance underneath his hand and finds the weight of the Iron to be encreased from ounces to pounds If Aristotle on one side should tell him that that great weight is a Quality essentially inhaerent in the Iron and Kepler or Gilbert on the other affirm to him that that weight is a quality meerly Adventitious or imprest upon it by the Attractive influence of the Loadstone subjacent 't is easie to determine to which of those so contrary judgements he would incline his assent If so well may we conceive the Gravity of a stone or other terrene body to belong not so much to the Body it self as to the Attraction of that Grand Magnet the Terraqueous Globe lying underneath it For supposing that a Loadstone were unknown to you placed underneath your hand when you lifted up a piece of Iron from the earth though it might be pardonable for you to conclude that the great weight which you would observe therein was a Quality essentially inhaerent in the Iron when yet in truth it was only External and Attractitious because you were ignorant of the Loadstone subjacent yet if after you were informed that the Loadstone was placed underneath your hand you should persever in the same opinion the greatest Candor imaginable could not but condemn you of inexcusable pertinacity in an Error Thus also your ignorance of the Earths being one Great Loadstone may excuse your adhaerence to the erroneous position of Aristotle concerning the formal Reason of Gravity but when you shall be convinced that the Terrestial Globe is naturally endowed with a certain Attractive or Magnetique Virtue in order to the retention of all its parts in cohaerence to it self and retraction of them when by violence distructed from it and that gravity is nothing but the effect of that virtue you can have no Plea left for the palliation of your obstinacy in case you recant not your former persuasion Nor ought it to impede your Conviction that a far greater Gravity or stronger Attractive Force is imprest upon a piece of Iron by a Loadstone than by the earth insomuch as a Loadstone suspended at convenient distance in the aer doth easily elevate a proportionate mass of Iron from the earth because this gradual Disparity proceeds only from hence that the Attractive Vertue is much more Collected or United in the Loadstone and so is so much more intense and vigorous according to its Dimensions than in the Earth in which it is more diffused nor doth it discover how great iâ— is in the â—ingle or divided parts but in the Whole of the Earth Thus if you lay but one Grain of salt upon your tongue it shall affect the same with more saltness than a Gallon of Sea-water not that there is less of salt in that great quantity of Sea Water but that the salt is therein more diffused But to lay aside the Loadstone and its Correlative Iron and come to our taste and Incomparative Argument since the Velocity of the motion of a stone falling downward is gradually augmented and by the accession of new degrees of Gravity grows greater and greater in each degree of its Descen◠〈◊〉 that Augmentation or Accession of Gravity and so of Velocâ—â—â— seems noâ— so reasonably adscriptive to any other cause as to this that it is the Attraction of the Earth encreasing in each degree of the stones Appropinquation to the Earth by reason of the greater Density or Union of its Magnetique Rayes What can be more 〈◊〉 than that the First degree of Gravity belonging to a stone no◠〈◊〉 moved should arise to it from the same Attraction of the 〈◊〉 When doubtless it is one and the same Gravity that causeth both those Effects the same in Specie though not in Gradâ—◠〈◊〉 no Quality can be better intended or augmented than by an Accession of more Degrees of force from the same Quality SECT III. LAstly as concerning LEVITY
Curiosity concerning the Reason of the Coâ—tion of the Loaâ—â—â—one and Iron and therefore it imports us to superadd thereunto so mâ—â—â— of the Speculations and Observations of our Modern Magnetâ—â—â—an Auâ—â—ors Gilbert Cabeus Kircher Grandamicus c. who have with more profound scrutiny searched into and happier industry discovered 〈…〉 the mystery as may serve to the enlargement at least iâ— not the full 〈◊〉 of our satisfaction And in order hereunto to the enâ— Peripicuity 〈◊〉 Succâ—â—ctness may walk hand in hand together through our whole 〈◊〉 Discourse we are to compose it of sundry OBSERVâ—BLES 〈◊〉 as may not only conduct our Disquisitions through all the 〈◊〉 and serpâ—â—â—â—ne wayes of Magnetism and acquaint us with the seveâ—â—â— Laws oâ—â—â—gnetick Energy but also like the links of a Chain sustain eacâ— othe◠〈◊〉 a continued series of mutual Dependency and Connexion The FIRST OBSERVABLE is that as well the Loadstone as its beloved Mistress Iron seems to be endowed with a Faculty that holds some Analogy to the sense of Animals and that principally in respect of Attraction For 1 as an Animal having its sensory invaded and affected by the species of a grateful object doth instantly desire and is accordingly carried by the instruments of Voluntary motion to the same so likewise so soon as a lesser or weaker Loadstone or piece of Iron is invaded and percelled with the species of a greater or more potent one it is not only invited but rapt on toward the same by a kind of nimble Appetite or impetuous tendency 2 As sensible objects do not diffuse their species of Colour Odour Sound c. to an Animal at any distance whatever but have the spheres of their Diffusion or transmission limitted so neither doth the Loadstone nor Iron transmit their Species or Emanations each to other at any distance whatever but only through a determinate interval of space beyond which they remain wholly insensible each of others virtue 3 As a sensible object that is convenient and grateful doth by its species immitted into the sensory of an Animal convert dispose and attract the Soul of the Animal and its soul being thus converted disposed and attracted toward that object doth by its Virtue or Power carry the body though gross and ponderous along to the same exactly so doth the Loadstone seem by its species transfused to convert dispose and attract towards it the as it were soul or spiritual substance of Iron which doth instantly by its power or vertue move and carry the whole mass or grosser parts of it along to an union with the same Certainly it would not easily be believed that a thing so exile and tenuious as is the Sentient Soul of an Animal which is only Flos substantiae the purer and subtler part of its matter should be sufficiently potent to move and from place to place transfer so ponderous and unweildy a mass as that of the Body unless our sense did demonstrate it unto us and therefore why should we not believe that in Iron there is somewhat which though it be not perfectly a Soul is yet in some respects Analogous to a Soul that doth though most exile and tenuious in substance move and transferr the rest of the mass of Iron though ponderous gross and of it self very unfit for motion All the Difficulty therefore which remains being only about the Manner How the Sentient Soul of an Animal is affected by and attracted toward a Grateful Object let us conceive that the sensible species being it self Corporeal and a certain Contexture of small particles effluxed from the object such as do gently and pleasantly commove and affect the Organ of Sense being once immitted into the Sensory doth instantly move the part of the Soul which is also Corporeal and a certain Contexture of small particles inhaerent or resident in that Organ and evolving the particles of the Soul converted perchance another way and turning them about toward that part from whence themselves are derived i. e. toward the object it doth impress a kind of impulse upon them and so determine and attract the soul and consequently the whole Animal toward the object For admitting this Conception we may complete the Parallelism intended thus as the particles of a sensible species transmitted from a grateful object and subingressing through the organ into the contexture of the Soul or Sentient part thereof do so sollicite it as that it becomes converted toward and is carried unto that particular object not without a certain impulse of appetite so do the particles of the Magnetical species subingressing into the Soul of the Iron so evolve its insensible particles and turn them toward the Loadstone as being thus sollicited it conceives a certain appetite or impetus toward the same and which is more forthwith resalutes it by diffusing the like species toward it For as if the Iron were before asleep and unactive it is awakened and excited by this exstimulation of the Magnetical Species and being as it were admonished what is the propriety of its nature it sets it self nimbly to work and owns the Cognation But by what other way soever it shall be explicated How an Animal is affected by and rapt toward a sensible object by the same way may it still be conceived how Iron is affected by and rapt toward a Loadstone For albeit as to divers other things there be no Analogy betwixt the Nature and Conditions of an Animal and those of Iron yet cannot that Disparity destroy the Analogy betwixt them in point of Alliciency or Attraction here supposed Which well considered Scaliger had no reason to charge Thales Milesius with ridiculous Madness for conceding the Loadstone and Iron to have Souls as Dr. Gilbert lib. 2. de Magnet cap. 4. hath observed before us The SECOND that forasmuch as betwixt the Loadstone and its Paramour Iron there is observed not only an Attraction or mutual Accession or Coâ—â—ion but also a firm Cohaesion of each to other like two Friends closely entwined in each others arms and that this Cohaesion supposeth reciprocal Revinction which cannot consist without some certain corporeal Instruments that hold some resemblance to Lines and Hooks hence 〈◊〉 it warrantable for us to conceive that the species diffused from the Loadstone to the Iron and from the Iron to the Loadstone are transmitted by way of Radiation and that every Ray is Tense and Direct in its progress through the intermediate space like a small thread or wire extended and this because it consisteth of Myriads of small particles or Atoms flowing in a continued stream so that the praecedent particles are still urged and protruded forward in a direct line by the consequent after the same manner as the rayes of Light flowing from a Lucid body the Cause of whose Direction must be their Continued Fluor as we have formerly Demonstrated at large We may further conceive that as the rayes of Light do pass through a Perspicuous body so do the
extreme to the other but those of a Needle are easily capable of transâ—â—â—ntation so that the Cuspis which now is strongly affected to the North may in a minute be alienated and inspired 〈…〉 to the South onely by a praeposterous Affriction of 〈…〉 Loadstone And hence comes it that as the North pole 〈◊〉 one Loadstone doth not attract or unite with the North pole of â—nother Loadstone so doth not the North Cuspis of a Needle 〈◊〉 it self to the North pole of a Loadstone provided â—t be 〈◊〉 praesented not applyed or affricted upon it For 〈…〉 Touch or Affriction of the Loadstone the Cuspis from 〈…〉 a Verticity â— diametro opposite to its former in â—ase it be 〈◊〉 upon a contrary pole or upon the same pole with 〈…〉 Ductus Hence also is it that if you fill a 〈…〉 or Powder of a Loadstone and offer it to either 〈…〉 of a whole Loadstone it shall remain altogether 〈…〉 â—nfluence and acquire no Verticity at all because 〈…〉 of the Powder intruded into the quill have 〈…〉 some respecting this others that others a quite contrary region But if you exchange the Filings of Loadstone for the Filings of Steel and offer either of the extrems of the quill to either Pole of a Loadstone it shall instantly own the Magnetique influx and be imbued with the Polary Virtue or Directive Faculty thereof and this because all the Granules of the Steel powder wanting determinate poles of their own are indifferently disposed to admit and retain the virtue of either Pole of the Loadstone in any part If this be true you 'l ask us How it comes about that the Northern Pole of one Loadstone doth not only not Attract but nimbly Repel or Avert the Northern Pole of another Loadstone if they be brought within the orb of their power And we Answer that the Aversion is not really from the Repulsion of one North Pole by the other but from the Attraction of the South Pole which is felt and owned at that distance but because the South Pole cannot be detorted toward the North but the North Pole of the other Loadstone must receed and veer from it therefore doth that conversion seem indeed to be a kind of Fugation which really is only an Attraction The same is to be understood of the Austrine Pole of one Loadstone in respect of the Austrine Pole of another and also of either Cuspis of a Needle excited as well in respect of another Needle invigorated as of a Loadstone The same also of a Loadstone dissected according to its Axis when the Divisions or Segments being never so little dissociated doe not attract each other respectively to their former situation but the Austral part of the one segment is wheeled about to the Boreal part of the other and so of the other Poles the contrary whereunto alwayes happens when a Loadstone is dissected according to the Aequinoctial And from this one Fountain flow these Three Magnetique Axioms 1 Contraria Contrarijs sunt amica similia similibus Inimica i. e. Magnetical Poles of the same Aspect and Apellation are alwayes Enemies and decline both commerce and conjunction each with other and Poles of a Contrary respect and denomination are alwayes Friends and affect and embrace each other For to all Magneticks this is singular that those parâ—s which are friends each to other ever regard opposite regions and convert to contrary points but those which are Enemies regard the same region and convert to the same point because Friendly parts may constitute the same Axis but Adverse cannot 2 Quae eadem sunt uni tertio non sunt eadem inter sese i. e. Two Poles of the same respect and name are both Friends to a Third pole of the Contrary respect and name but yet they are Enemies and irreconcileable among themselves And hence comes it that a third Pole being offered to either of two friendly Poles cannot be a common friend but a necessary Enemie to either For those Poles which are Friends are of a contrary respect one Septentrional the other Meridional to which a Third cannot approach unleâ—s it be a Meridional that â—hall be an Enemy to the Meridional or a Septentrional thâ—â— shall be an Enemy to a Septentrional because Poles of the same Aspect cannot compose the same Axis but those of a Contrary 〈◊〉 And this starts up another singularity of Magnetiques that there can be no more than Two Twinâ—s â—nsomuch as more than Two cannot compose the same Axis in the same part 3 â—irtus ex eadem â—onte petita inimica noxia ex Contrarijs fontibus amica jucunda For if you imbue the Headâ— of two Needles with the virtue of the same Pole their Heads shall reciprocally turn away â—ach from other and mutually destroy each others verticity but 〈◊〉 you imbue thâ—m with the virtue of Contraâ—y poles they shall unite and mutually conserve each others verticity Likewise if a long Needle be applyed in the middle to either pole of a Loadstone and â—hen be cut off in the place of the late Contact the New Extremâ—â— formerly united in the middle shall instantly display Contrary Virtues â—nd reâ—iprocally avoid each other And here 〈◊〉 Oath of Allegiance to Truth whereby we are obliged to serve Heâ—â—pon all occasions will excuse our Digression if we stâ—p a little asid◠〈◊〉 the so famous Sepulchre of that greatest of Impostors Mahoâ—eâ— and observe how egregiously false that common report is concâ—â—ning the suspension of his Iron Tomb in the Aer by the equal Virtues of two Loadstones the one fixt above in the arched root thâ— other beneath in the floor of his Temple at Medina Talnab in 〈◊〉 If we consult the Relations of Travellers concerning it we shall not only not meet with any who affirms it upon any other gâ—â—unds but the Tongue of Popular Fame and tradition of the â—â—â—â—itude but also with some that expresly Contradict it for 〈◊〉 Vâ—ssius tells us both Gabriel Sionita and Iohannâ—s Hâ—sronita 〈◊〉 leâ—rned Maronites who journied to Medina on purpose to satisfie themseâ—â—es and others in that point positively deliver that the Tomb oâ— Mahoâ—â—â— is made of White Marble and stands upon the ground in the East end 〈◊〉 â—hat Mosque Les Voyages Fameux Du Sieur Vincent Lâ— Blanc Marseillois p. 21. l 1. c. 4 Quant a la â—â—lle de Medine quelques-uns ont donné â— entendre que le Sepulchrâ— dâ— Mahomet estoit la ou â— la Meque tout de fer suspendu 〈…〉 par le moyen de quelques pierres dâ— aymant Mais â— est une câ—ose tres fausse estaâ—t bien certain comme i e l' ay apprâ—â— sur le 〈◊〉 mesme que ce faux Prophete mourut fut enterre a Mâ—â—ine 〈…〉 voit encore son sepulchre for t frequente de pelerins Mahometans 〈◊〉 les quartiers du monde comme est le Sepulchre de Ierusalem de 〈◊〉 les Chrestiens Ce Sepulchre est
Needle thereunto for at either of its Poles the Needle shall be erected perpendicularly and lye in the same line with its Axis but at any of the intermediate Spaces or Parallels it shall be neither plainly erected nor plainly lye along but observe an oblique situation and more or less oblique according to the variety of the Parallels and at the middle interstice or Aequator it shall dispose it self in conformity to the ductus of the Meridian and fix in a position parallel to the Axis of the Loadstone That a Loadstone doth accommodate it self exactly to the Earth as a Needle doth accommodate it self to the Loadstone is evinced from this easie Experiment If you suspend a Loadstone whose Poles you have formerly discovered and noted with the Characters N. S. in calme aer or set it floating at liberty in a vessel of Quicksilver or a small Skiff of Cork swimming upon Water that so it may freely perform the office of its nature you shall observe it continually to move it self from side to side and suffer alternate Vibrations or accesses and recesses till it hath so disposed it self according to the Meridian as that one of its Poles viz. that marked with N. shall point to the North and the other upon which S. is inscribed to the South Nor that only but forasmuch as England is situate near the North of the Earth and so hath the North pole somewhat demersed or depressed below the horizon nearer than the South Pole of the Earth therefore doth not the Loadstone keep up both its Poles in a level or perfectly horizontal position but depresseth that pole which affects the N somewhat below the plane of the horizon as much as it can directing the same to the N. pole of the Earth Farther being it is commonly observed that this Depression some call it the DECLINATION others the INCLINATION of the N. pole of the Loadstone or point of an excited Needle is so much the greater by how much nearer the stone or needle is brought to the Boreal part of the Earth so much less by how much nearer to the Aequator therefore may we conclude that a Loadstone being removed in the same position of freedome from the Aequator by degrees to each of the Earths poles would more and more depress or decline its Boreal pole by how much it should come nearer and nearer to the Boreal pole of the Earth and on the otherside of the Aequator more and more decline its Austral pole to the Austral pole of the Earth by how much nearer it did approach the same nor could it lye with both poles above the horizon at once in any part of the Earth but upon the Aequator and at either of the Poles of the Earth the Axis of the stone would make one with the Axis of the Earth The THIRD That Iron acquireth a Verticity not only from the touch or affriction of a Loadstone but also from its meer situation in upon or above the Earth in conformity to the poles thereof For all Iron barrs that have long remained in Windows Grates c. in a position polary or North and South if you suspend them in aequilibrio by lines in the aer so as they may move themselves freely according to the inclination of their Virtue received from the Earth will make several diadroms hither and thither and rest not untill they have converted to the North that extreme which in their former diuturne position regarded the North and that to the South which formerly respected the South and having recovered this their Cognation they shall fixe in a Meridional posture as exactly as the Loadstone it self or a Magnetified Needle To experiment this the most easie way is to offer at convenient distance a Magnetick Dial or Marriners Compass to the extrems of an Iron barr that hath long layn N and S for then may you soon observe the Needle or Versory freely equilibrated therein to be drawn in that point which respecteth the North by that extreme of the barr which is Australized and on the contrary the South point of the Needle to be drawn by that extreme of the barr which is Borealized This Vertical impraegnation of Iron meerly by the Earth is also evidenced from hence that Iron barrs made red hot and then set to cool in a Meridional position do acquire the like polary Cognation and being either at liberty of conversion suspended by small Chords in the aer or set â—loating in small boats of Cork or applyed to the Needle of a Pixis Nautica immediately discover the same This being most manifest why may not our Marriners in defect of a Loadstone make a Needle or Fly for their Chard of simple Iron alone since if it hath layn in a Meridional situation above the earth or been extinguished according to the same lawes of position it will bear and demonstrate as strong an affection to the poles of the Earth as a Needle invigorated by a Loadstone nor shall the Depression or Declination of the one in each degree of remove from the Aequator toward either pole be less or greater than that of the other The FOURTH that insomuch as both the Loadstone and Iron hâ—ve so neer a cognation to the Earth and conformity of situation to the parts of it nothing certainly can seeme more consentaneous than that they both hold one and the same nature in common with the Eâ—rth at leâ—st with the Internall parts or Kernell thereoâ— but yet with thâ—s difference that Iron being a part of the Earth very much altered from its orginall constitution by the activity of its seminall principle cannot therefore so easily manifest its extraction or prove it self to be the genuine production and part thereof without praecedent Repurgation and Excitation or freâ—h Anâ—mation from the Effluviums of the Earth but a Loadstone havâ—ng not unâ—ergon the like mutations from concoction and so reâ—aining nearer allied to the Earth doth retain a more lively tâ—â—cture of its polary faculty and by the evidence of spontaneous Dâ—â—â—ctâ—on demonstrate its Verticity to be purely native and it 〈◊〉 by consequence to be onely a divided part or legitimate 〈◊〉 of the Earth Further from hence that the Loadstone anâ— the Terrestriall Globe have both one and the same power thâ—ugh in different proportions of impraegnating Iron with a 〈◊〉 â—â—â—â—ction impressing one and the same faculty thereupon it is iustâ—y inâ—errible that the Loadstone not onely in respect of â—ther Conditions wherein it resembleth the Earth but also and in chief of this noble Efficacy of invigorating and renovating the 〈◊〉 quâ—lity of Iron may well be accounted as the Fatâ—eâ— of Magnetique Philosophy Dr. Gilbert hath named it 〈◊〉 Terâ—â—lla the Globe of Earth in epitome and that the Eâ—â—th it self may be reputed Ingens Magnes a Great Loadstoâ—e Thâ—ugh in truth the Earth may challenge the title or a Gâ—eat 〈◊〉 by another right though somewhat less eviâ—ent and thâ—t iâ— its Attraction
of all â—errene bodies in direct lines to it self â—as we â—ave formerly made most verisimilous in our Chapt. of Grâ—vity and Levity by the same way and instrumâ—nts as the Lâ—â—â—stone attâ—â—cteth Iron And though it cannot 〈◊〉 â—enied that 〈◊〉 Coâ—tex of the Terrestriall Globe which may â—e â—â—ny 〈◊〉 tâ—â—ck is variously interspersed with waters 〈…〉 stones metalls metalline juices and divâ—rs other dissimilar and unmagneticall bodies yet notwithstandinâ— may we justly conceive that the Nucleus Kernell or interior part 〈◊〉 the Eâ—â—th is a substance wholly Magneticall and that many Veâ—ns or branches thereof being derived unto the exterior â—â—rts are those very subterraneous Veins from which by effossion Loâ—â—stones are extracted Especially since nature doth invite us to this conception by certain clear evidences not onely in Iron which may be digged out of most places in the Earth but also in â—â—st Argillous and Arenaceous Concretions all which are found to be endowed with a certain though obscureâ— Polary inclination as appears in Bricks and Tiles that have a long time enjoyed a meridionâ—ll situation regarding the N. with one extreme and the S. with the other or been made red hot and afterward cooled north and south oâ— perpendicularly erected as hath been said of Iron barrs The FIFTH It being then most certain that Iron obtaines a magneticall Verticity or faculty of self-direction to the poles of the earth meerly either from its long situation or refrigeration after ignition in a position respective thereunto we may be almost as certain that this Affection ariseth to the Iron from no other but a Locall immutation or change of position of its insensible particles solely and immediately caused by the magneticall Aporrhaea's of the Earth invading and pervading it When we observe the Fire by sensible degrees embowing or incurvating a peice of wood held neer it how can we better satisfy our selves concerning the cause and manner of that sensible alteration of the figure of the wood then by conceiving that its insensible particles are all of them so commoved by the Atoms of Fire immitted into it substance as that some of them are consocâ—ated which were formerly at distance and others dissociated which were formerly contingent all being inverted and so changing their pristine situation and obtaining a new position or locall direction much different from their former And when we observe a rod of Iron freshly infected with the Polary virtue of the Earth to put on a certain spontaneous inclination in its extremes and convert it self exactly according to the meridian and with a kind of humble homage salute that pole of its late inspirer from whence it received the strongest influence how can we more reasonably explain the reason of that effect than by conceaving that upon the immiâ—sion of the Earths magneticall Rayes into the substance of the Iron the insensible particles thereof are so commoved distructed inverted and turned about as that they all are disposed into a new posture and acquire a new locall respect or Direction according to which they become as it were reinnimated with a tendency not the same way but another much different and when the cognation of their extremes are varied by an inverted ignition and refrigeration quite contrary to that whither they tended before this mutation of their position and respect This Conjecture may seem somewhat the more happy from hence that a barr of Iron when made red hot doth acquire this Polary Direction in a very few minutes of time but being kept cold it requires many years situation North and South to its impraegnation with the like virtue a sufficient manifest that the particles of the Iron being by the subingression of the Atoms of Fire among them reduced to a greater laxity of contexture are more easily commoved and inverted by and more expeditely conforme themselves unto the disposition of the magnetique influence of the Earth When a red hot barr of Iron is cooled not in a meridian position to the poles of the Earth but transversly or equinoctionally why doth it not contract to it self the like verticall disposition doubtless the best reason that can be given for it is this that the insensible particles of it are not converted nor their situation varied so much in the one position of the whole mass as in the other the magneticall Rayes of the Earth invading the substance of the Iron in indirect and so less potent lines Likewise if the same barr of Iron after it hath imbibed a Verticity be again heated and coold in a contrary position what reason can be assigned to the change of the Southern Verticity into a Northern and its Northern into a Southern by the contrary obversion of its ends unless this that the particles of the Iron doe thereby suffer a fresh conversion and quite contrary disposition no otherwise than those of a piece of wood when it is incurvated by the fire according as this or that side is obverted thereunto The SIXTH forasmuch as Iron doth derive the same Verticity or Direction from its Affriction against a Loadstone as it doth from the magneticall influence of the Earth when posited respectively to its poâ—es it appears necessary that it doth suffer the same Locall Immutation of its insensible particles from the efficacy of the magneticall rayes of the Loadstone as from those of the Earth especially since we cannot comprehend how a Body should acquire a strong propension or tendency to a new place without some generall Immutation and that a Locall one too of all its component particles The strength of this our conception consisteth chiefly in this that after a rod or needle of Iron hath contracted a sprightly Verticity from a Loadstone by being rubbed thereupon from the middle toward the ends it doth instantly lose it again if it be rubbed upon the same or any other Loadstone the opposite way or from either end toward the middle For how can it be imagined that a right-hand stroak of a knife upon a Loadstone should destroy that polary Faculty which it had obtained from a left-hand stroak upon the same unless from hence that the insensible particles of the blade of the knife were turned one way by the former affriction and reduced again tâ— their former naturall situation by the latter It seems to be the same in proportion as when the ears of Corn in a field are blown toward the South by the North wind and suddainly blown from the South toward the North by the South wind Nor doth Iron after its excitement retain any of the magneticall Atoms immitted into it either from the Earth or a Magnet but suffers only an immutation of its insensible particles which sufficeth to its polary respect a long time after for a Needle is no whit heavier after its invigoration by a Loadstone than before as Mersennus and Gassendus together experimented in such a Zygostata or Ballance wherewith Jewellers are to weigh Pearles and Diamonds which is so exact that the
ninety-sixth part above four thousand of a grain will turn it either way The SEVENTH that the Virtue immitted into Iron either from the Earth it self or a Loadstone is no simple or immateriall Quality as both Gilbert and Grandamicus earnestly contend but a certain Corporeal Efflux or Fluor consisting of insensible bodies or particles which introduce upon the particles of Iron the same Disposition and Local respect as themselves have For 1 That an Immutation is caused in the particles of Iron as well by the influence or Magnetical rayes of the Loadstone which doth also invigorate Iron at some distance though not so powerfully as by immediate contact or affriction as of those transmitted from the Earth we have already declared to be not only verisimilous but absolutely necessary that nothing should yet be derived unto the Iron from them as the Instrument of that Immutation is openly repugnant to the Fundamental Laws of all Physical activity since nothing can act upon a distant subject but by some Instrument either continued or transmitted 2 What is immitted into the Iron from the Earth and Loadstone cannot be any naked â—uality or Accident without substance because what wants substance must also want all Activity 3 The Materiality of the Magnetique Virtue is inferrible likewise from hence that it decayes in progress of time as all Odours do and is irreparably destroyed by fire in a few minutes and is capable of Rarity and Density â—whence it is more potent near at hand than at the extremes of it sphere all which are the proper and incommunicable Attributes of Corporiety 4 Insomuch as it changeth the particles of Iron that have Figure and Situation therefore must it self consist of particles also and such as are in figure and situâ—tion consimilar to those of Iron no less being assumable from the Effect even now mentioned viz. the Ablation of that Verticity by a right hand draught of a Needle upon a Loadstone which it lately acquired from it by a left hand one Nor indeed doth the Loadstone seem to act upon Iron otherwise than as a Comb doth upon wool or hair for as a Comb being drawn through Wool one way doth convert and dispose the hairs thereof accordingly and drawn praeposterously or the contrary way doth invert praeposter the former ductus of the hairs so do the Magnetical Rayes invading and pervading the substance of Iron one way dispose all the insensible particles thereof according to their own ductus toward the same way and immitted into it the quite contrary way they reduce the particles to their native situation and local respect and so the formerly imprinted Verticity comes to be wholly obliterated OBJECTED we confess it may be that the Incorporiety or Immateriality of the Loadstones Virtue seems inferrible from hence that it most expeditely penetrateth and passeth through many bodies of eminent solidity and especial Marble 2 That it is Soul-like total in the total Loadstone and total in every part thereof seeing that into how many sensible pieces soever a Loadstone is broken or cut yet still doth the Virtue remain entire in every one of those pieces and there instantly spring up in each single fragment two contrary Poles an Axis Aequator Meridians and Parallels But as to the subtility of Particles and Pores in Concretions our Book is even surcharged with discourses upon that subject in the Generall â—o that notwithstanding the first objection we may adhaere to our former Conception that the particles flowing from the Earth and Loadstone are of such superlative Tenuity as without impediment to penetrate and permeate the most compact and solid Concretions and specially Marble whose small pores may be more accommodate to the figures of the magnetick Atoms and so more fit for their transmission than those of divers other bodies much inferior to it in compactness and solidity And being we have the oath of our sense that the Atoms of Fire doe instantly find out many inlets or pores in the body of Marble by which they insinuate themselves into its centrall parts and so not only calefie the whole mass or substance thereof but reduce it suddainly into a brittle Calx why should we not concede that the Magnetick Atoms may likewise find out convenient inlets or pores in the same and by them nimbly pervade the whole mass and that with so much more of ease and expeâ—ition by how much more subtile and active they are than those of â—ire True it is that we can discerne no such Particles flowing from magneticks no such Pores in Marble but how great the Dulness or Grosness of our senses is comparatively to the ineffable subtility of many of Natures Instruments by which she bringeth admirable Effects to pass we need not here rehearse 2 As for the other Argument desumed from the Fâ—ustulation of a Loadstone we Answer thâ—t the single Virtues of the single fragments are nothing else but so many Parts of the Totall Virtue nor being taken singularly are they equally potent with the whole only they are like the Totall because in the whole Loadstone they follow the ductus or tract of its Fibres that run parallel each to other and conjoyn their forces with thâ—t Fibre which being in the middle stands for the Axis to all the rest But in each Fragment they follow the same ductus or Grain of the Fâ—bres and one Fibre must still be in the middle which becomes an Axis and that to which all the circumstant ones confer and unite their forces The EIGHTH that the Magnetick Virtue both existent in the Loadstone and transfused into Iron seems by a lively Analogy to resemble the Vegetative Faculty or soul of a Plant not only in respect of the Corroboration of the force of its median Fibre or Axis by the conâ—erence of the forces of all the circumstant ones thereupon as the centrall parts of a Plant are corroborated by the circumambient but also and principally in respect of the situation Ductus or Grain of its Fibres which run meridioâ—ally as those in Plants perpendicularly or upward from the roots to the tops of the spriggs For as in the Incision or Engrâ—ffing of the shoot of one tree into the trunck or stock of another the Gardiner must observe to insert the lower extreme of the shoot into a cleft in the upper extreme of the stock as that from whence the nutritive sap and vegetative influence are to be derived unto it because if the shoot were inverted and its upper extreme inserted into the stock it would necessarily wither and die as being in that praeposterous position made uncapable of the influx of the Alimentary juice and vitall Faculty both which come from the root upward to the branches and cannot descend again from them to the root exactly so when we would dispose a Loadstone in conformity of situation to the Earth from which it hath been cut off or to another Loadstone a quondam part of it self 't
turbid during the seaâ—on wherein thâ— Vines Flâ—wer and Bud. Art 25. That the â—â—stilled waters of Orange flowers and Roses doe not take any thing of their fragrancy during â—he 〈◊〉 of the 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 of those 〈◊〉 as 〈◊〉 vulgarly believed Art 1. Why this 〈…〉 only some 〈…〉 Art 2. 〈…〉 Art 〈…〉 Art 4. 〈…〉 Art 5. The Cause of the â—â—est 〈…〉 Carcaâ—â— of a muâ—theâ—ed man 〈◊〉 the praesence and 〈◊〉 of the Hâ—miâ—iaâ— Art 6. How the Basilisk doth empoyson and destroy at distance Art 8. 〈…〉 Art 9. 〈…〉 Art 10. Wâ—y â—â—â—ers Tarantiaâ—al Persons are affected and cured with Divers Tâ—nâ—s and the musick of divers Instruments Art 11. Thâ—t â—â—e venome of the Tarantula doth produce the same effect in the body of a man is it doth in that of the Tarantula it self and why Art 12. That the Venâ—m of the Tarantula is 〈◊〉 in a 〈◊〉 Hâ—mor and such as 〈◊〉 capable of Sâ—â—nds Art 13. That it causeth an â—ncessent itching and 〈◊〉 â—itillation 〈◊〉 the Nervous and Musculous parâ—s of mans body when infused into it and â—ermenting â—n â—t Art 14. The cause of the Annual Recidivation of the Tarantism till it be perfectly cured Art 15. A Conjecture what kind of Tunâ—â— Strainâ— and Notes seem most accommodate to the Cure of Tarantiacal Personâ— iâ— the General Art 16. The Reason of the Incantation of Serpents by a rod of the Cornus Art 17. DIâ—RESSION That the 〈…〉 Art 19. 〈…〉 Art 20. That ships are 〈…〉 Art 21. That the Echineis or Remora is not Ominous Art 22. Why this place admits not of more than a Generalâ—â—quest â—â—quest into the Faculties of Poâ—â—ons and Counterpoisons Art 23. Poisons defined Art 24. Wherein the Deleterious Fâ—culty of Poison doth consist Art 25. Counterpoisons Defined Art 26. Wherein their Salutiferâ—us Virtue doth consist Art 27. How Triacle cureth the venome of Vipers Art 28. How the body of a Scorpion bruised and laid warm upon the parâ— which it hath lately wounded and envenomed doth cure the same Art 29. That some Poisons are Antidotes against others by way of direct Contrariety Art 30. Why sundry particular men and some whole Nations have â—ed upon Poisonous Animals and Plants without harm Art 31. The A maâ—â— Vrgâ—â—â—â— and 〈◊〉 Pâ—wder imâ—ugned Art 32. The Auâ—â—ors Retraction of his quondam Deâ—ence of the Magnetick Câ—re of W unds 〈◊〉 in his Pâ—oâ—egomena to Heâ—mâ—nts Book of that subject and title Art 1. The Nature and Obscurity of the Subject hinted by certain Metaphorical Cognomina agreeable thereunto though in divers relations Art 2. Why the Author insisteth not upon the 1 several Appellations 2 Inveâ—â—o of the Loadstone 3 â—nvention of the Pixis Nautica Art 3. The Virtues of the Loadstone in General Two the Attractive and Directive Art 4 〈…〉 Art 5. His 〈…〉 Art 6. Galens three Grand Objections against the same briefly Answered Art 7. 〈…〉 Art 8. A Parâ—llâ—lâ—â—â—â—â—â—wixt â—â—â—wixt the Mâ—gnetique Facâ—lâ—y of the Lâ—adstone 〈◊〉 and thaâ— of 〈◊〉 iâ— Animals Art 9. 〈…〉 Art 10. That every Lâ—adstone in respect of the Circumradiation of its Magnetical 〈…〉 acâ—rewing Art 11. The Reason oâ— that admirable 〈◊〉 or 〈…〉 of Magneâ—ickâ— and why the â—oleâ— of a Loadstone are incapable but those of a Neeâ—le easily capable of Tranâ—plantation from one Extreme to the contraâ—â— Art 12. An Objection of the 〈◊〉 or Repulsion of the North â—ole of one Loaâ—dstâ—ne or Needle by the Nâ—rth Pole of Another praevenâ—eâ— Art 13. Three prinâ—â—pal Magnetiâ—â—e Axioms deâ—uced from the same Fountain Art 14. 〈…〉 Art 15. That the Magnetique Vigour or Perfection both of Loadstones and Iron doth consist in either their Native Purity and Uniformity of Substance or their Artificial Politeness Art 16 That the Aâ—ming of a Magnet with polished Steel doth highly Corroborate but aâ— much diminish the sphere of its Attractive Virtue Art 17. Why a smaller or weaker Loadstone doth snatch away a Needle from a Greater or more Potent one while the small or weak one is held within the sphere of the great or stronger ones Activity and not otherwisâ— Art 18. COROLLARY Of the Abduction of Iron from the Earâ—h by a Loadstone Art 1. The Method and Câ—ntents of the Section Art 2. Affinity of the Loadstone and Iron Art 3. The Loadstâ—ne confâ—rms it sâ—lf in all respects to the Terrestâ—ial Globe as a Neâ—â—le conforms it self to the Loaâ—stone Art 4. Iron obtains a Verticity not only from tâ—e Loadstone by Affriction or Aspiration but also from the Earth it self and that according to the laws of Pâ—sitiâ—n Art 5. One and the same Nature in common to the Earth Loadstone and Iron Art 6. The Earth impraegnating Iron with a Polary Affection doth cause therein a Locall Immutation of its insensible particles Art 7. The Loadstone doth the same Art 8. The Magnetique Virtue a Corporeal Efflux Art 9. Contrarâ— â—bjâ—ctions their Solutions Art 10. A Paâ—alleliâ—me of the Magnetique Virtue and the Vegetative Faculâ—â— oâ— Plants Art 11. 〈…〉 of the 〈◊〉 reâ—â—pect name are Enemies and thâ—se of a Contrary respect name Friends Art 12. 〈…〉 is diâ—â—ected into two pieces why the â—oreal part of the one half decline â—â—njunction with the Boreall part of the other and the 〈◊〉 of one with thâ— Austâ—â—ll of the other Art 13. The Fibres of the Earth extend from Pole to Pole and that may be the Cause of the firme Cohaesion of all its Parts conspiring to conserve its Sphericall Figure Art 14. Reason of Magneticall Variatiâ—n in divers climates and places Art 15. The Deâ—rement of Magneticall Variation in one and the same place in divers years Art 16. The Cause thereof not yet known Art 17. No Mâ—gnet hath more â—han Two Legitâ—mate Poles and the reaâ—ons of Illegitimate ones Art 18. The Conclusion Apologeticall and 〈◊〉 Advertâ—â—â—â—ment that â—he Attractiâ—â— and Directiâ—â— Actâ—â—ons o◠〈…〉 Art 1. The Introduction Art 2. The proper Notions of Generation Corruption Art 3. Various opinions of the Ancient Philosophers touching the reason of Generation and the principall Authors of pacti Art 4. The two great opinions of the same Philosophers concerning the manner of the Commistion of the Common Principles in Generation faithfully briefly stated Art 5. That of Aristotle and the stoicks refuâ—ed and Chrysippus subâ—erfuge convicted of 3 Absurdities Art 6. Arâ—stâ—tles twofâ—ld â—â—vation of the 〈…〉 Art 〈…〉 Art 8. That the 〈◊〉 of a thing 〈…〉 certain 〈…〉 Art 9. 〈…〉 Art 10 An illuâ—â—râ—â—â—on thereâ—f by a praegnant and oâ—porâ—unâ—â— Insâ—â—nce viz. â—he Generation â—f â—he 〈…〉 Art 1. That in Corruption no substance perisheth but only that determinate Modification of substance or Matter which specified the thing Art 2. Enâ—â—rceâ—ent oâ— thâ—â—ame Thâ—sis by an illustrius Example Art 3. An Experâ—ment demonstrating that the Salâ— of Ashes was praeexistent in Wood and noâ— produâ—ed but only educed by Fire Art 4. The 〈◊〉 sense of three Gâ—neral Axâ—â—ms deduced from the precedent doctâ—ine of the Atomists Art 5. The General