Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
virtue_n	iron_n	part_n	touch_v	1,197	5	9.5651	5	true

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A19376	The arte of nauigation conteyning a compendious description of the sphere, with the making of certayne instruments and rules for nauigations, and exemplifyed by many demonstrations. Written by Martin Cortes Spanyarde. Englished out of Spanishe by Richard Eden, and now newly corrected and amended in diuers places.; Breve compendio de la sphera y de la arte de navegar. English	Cortés, Martín, 1532-1589.; Eden, Richard, 1521?-1576.	1589 (1589)	STC 5802; ESTC S111167	116,085	174

vse in Gâ—sconie and had in his hand a staffe wyth a pyke or hooke of iron and resting him selfe vpon a quantitie of this stone could â—ot remooue his fÃ©ete neyther lyft vp hys staffe Then staying a whyle astoâ—yshed as ignoraunt of the cause at the length began to perceyue the propertie of the stone and to vnderstande the attractiue vertue thereof the colour of it differeth not from iron and was therefore called quicke iron or lyuing iron The best kinde of these stones is of Auzurine or blew colour as the sea sometimes appeareth Of these are found fyue kyndes or differences The first is of Ethiope The seconde of Maâ—edonie The thyrde of Lechio in Boetia The fourth of Troâ—da neÃ©re to Alexandria And the fyfth of Asia but at this day it is founde in dyuers other places It is founde also in many places in Spayne as in the hyll Morâ—na neÃ©re vnto the village of Calera beÃ©yng of the order of saint Iames in the prouince of Leon. Lykewise in a hyll of Moron in the territorie of the Erle of Vrenia is great quantitie thâ—reof and in diuers other places The stone that we most commonly vse is of the Ilande of Elua of the Lord of Pomblina which I iudge to be better then that of Denmarke This and the other haue vertue to draw iron vnto â—â—eÌ„ And true it is that Teanxedes wryteth that in Ethiope is founde an other kynde of thys stone that putteth iron from it Auerroes the commentator of Aristotle denyeth â—hat Magnes draweth iron vnto it but sayth that iron by his naturall inclination doth mooue to the stone as to his naturall place by a câ—rtayne qualitie which the stone impresseth in iron And beside this verâ—ue and propertie that it hath to drawe iron vnto it it hath also another and that is that it geueth vnto iron verâ—ue and power to shewe the two poyntes of the Horizon where it cutteth the Meridian that is in the two wyndes of Norâ—h and South These vertues are founde more intent in oâ—ely two partes of the stone and these are euer opposite or conâ—rary the one to the other and so are they contrary in operation For iron touched with the one part and placed where it may mooue freÃ©ly will shewe the North and an other iron touched with the other parte wyll shewe the South Fyndyng this experience may be knowne what parte of the stone answeareth to the North which the Mariners call the face of the stone and lykewyse of the South This stone is so necessary that without it Nauigation shoulde bÃ©e imperfecte and vncertayne because it geueth lyfe to the NeÃ©dle and Compasse which leadeth and guydeth the Pilote that he maye goe certaynely in the daye and not erre or wander in the nyght Also it sheweth and directeth to compasse the worlde and to knowe the wyndes And therefore for as muche as the compasse is so necessarie weÃ© intende to shewe the order and manner howe it ought to be made for it may chaunce to fayle or be lost in the viage Â¶ The iiii Chapter of tâ—e making of the Mariners compasse for Nauigation TAke such paste or paper whereof Cardes are made and make in it a Circle of the quantitie of a spanne or litle more or lesse In the whiche you shall paynte the 31. wyndes with theyr colours in suche order as we gaue in the firste and seconde Chapter of the wyndes and of the Carde not forgetting to marke the North with a Floure deluce aâ—d the East with a crosse And more then this may euery man garnishe and beautifie the same as seÃ©meth best to his phantasie Then on the lower or neather parte of this paste you must drawe a lyne whiche shall be directly vnder that of the North and South which shall be the marke for the setting of the Irons and SteÃ©les Then shall you take wyre of iron or steÃ©le of the bygnesse of a great pynne or accordyng to the bygnesse or the roundnâ—â—se of â—he paste floure rose or flye as it may be called This wyre must be bowed double so that euery of the partes may be equally as long as the Diameter of the flye and a quarter part more The endes or poyntes of these iroâ—s or stÃ©eles must be pynched togeather and made close and open in the myddest the one from the other vntyll the endes come to beÃ© equall with the extremities of the Diameter of the flye and so shall the â—â—eÃ©les remayne in maner in fourme of an edge These wyres or irons must be made fast in the neather parte of the flye so that theyr extrâ—mities â—nds or points come precisely by the lyne of North and South And to fixe or fasten them so they must be couered with a thinne paper glued leauyng the poyntes and endes vncouered And these endes must be â—ouched with the Lode stone in this maner The part that is vnder the floure deluce must be rubbed on that part of the stone that answereth to the North as is sayd in the Chapter before And thys shall suffice for the perfection of the compasse Yet some there beÃ© that for superaboundaunce doâ— touche the other part of the Iron with that part of the stone that answereth to the South although it may suffice to touche it only with the other parte This touchyng of the Iron with the stone that the demonstratiue or woorking vertue may shewe it selfe foorth must be done with geuyng certayne strokes with a hammer on that parte of the stone wherewith the Iron must be touched that is to say in the North part or the South And from these wyll come forth of the stone certayne beardes lyke small ysicles whereon you shall rubbe the point of the Iron as you would wheâ— a knyfe and so shall certayne of those beardes of the stone cleaue and sticke fasâ— to the Iron And the Irons thus touched with the beardes cleauing to them you must take a prick or poynt of laton of Peramidal sharp or steple fourme which is brode below sharde aboue toward the point this is made round or eyght square as semeth best and in the neather parte or breadth it must be bored but not through with a borer which must also be of Piramidall fourme and center into the myddest of the sayde Pâ—ramidall pricke or poynt of laton vnto the middest or somewhat more This Piramidall poynt which the mariners call the Capitell must be of height halfe a fynger breadth or according as the compasse shall be and must be put through the center of the flye so that the poynt come foorth on the hygher part thereof and must there be made fast and well â—ixte Then shall you take a round boxe of wood within the which the nÃ©edle may be not touching the sydes of the same And this must be of the heyght of the halfe Diameter of the compasse And the ground or bottome thereof must be set to it

as to the couering of a boxe that it may be easely taken off and put on to haue often recourse to touche the irons with the sâ—one which they call feÃ©ding when neÃ©de shall be that the vertue of the compasse fayle not Also in the middest of the ground or floore of the boxe you must set a sharpe poynt or pricke made of a wyre of laton this must stande ryght vp and vpon the pricke or poynt thereof you shall seâ— the bored hole of the Capitel and that the wynde enter not aboue you shall couer the boxe with a glasse And thus being touched with the stone and set vpon the poynt it shall shewe the true part of the North and consequently all the other wyndes And heere is to be noted that after the irons or neÃ©dle of the compasse hath bÃ©en touched in any of these maners if you bryng the North part of the stone to the North of the neÃ©dle or compasse then wyll the North of the neÃ©dle come to it And yf you bryng the North part of the stone to the South parte of the nÃ©edle it will flÃ©e from it And contrariwise yf you bryng the South part of the stone to the South of the neÃ©dle it wyl come to it and yf to the North it wyll fleÃ© from it This is vnderstoode the neÃ©dle or compasse standing as it should be And this also is a good signe to know which is the North part and South part of the stone Moreouer this boxe must be put within another boxe in the which it must hang vpon two circles of laton annexed the one within the other whiche serue that the compasse sway not or hang not toward the one syde or the other although the Shyp sway and this boxe also must haue his couer of wood to keÃ©pe the other You shall lykewyse obserue that the poynt of the Capitell and the hole thereof and also the poynt or prick vpon the which it resteth by vprigâ—t and lykewyse the Rose that it declyne not to one part or other And if it be quicker then it ought to be then make the poynt that it goeth vpon somewhat blunter Â¶ The v. Chapter of the effect or propertie that the compasse hath to the Northeasting or Northwesting whereby is knowen the variation of the Compasse MAny and dyuers are the opinions that I haue hearde and also read in certayne wryters of latter dayes as touching the Northeasting and Northwesting of the Compasse and yet meÃ© seemeth that none dooth touche the prycke and fewe the whyte They call it Northeasting when the neÃ©dle sheweth or poynteth from the North which is his true marke toward the Northeast and Northwesting when from the North it declyneth towarde Northwest For the better vnderstanding of these differences whereby the neÃ©dles differ or vary from the pole you must being in the Meridian where the compasses shewe the pole imagine a poyâ—t vnder the pole of the world and this poynt to be without all the heauens conteyned vnder the fyrst moueable The which poynt or part of heauen hath a vertue attractiue y t draweth vnto it Iron touched with the part of the lode stone correspondent to that certayne part of heauen imagined without or vnder al the heauens moued by y e fyrst moueable For if it were imagined to be moued within any of the moued heauens then the attractiue point by the mouing of the first moueable consequently â—he compasse should make the selfe same mouing in 24. houres which is neuer seÃ©ne And therefore this poynt is not in the moueable heauens neither in y e pole For if it were in it the compasse should not vary Northeasting and Northwesting Therfore the cause of Northeasting or Northwesting or departing from the pole of the world is that being in the sayd Meridian the attractiue poynt and the pole are in the selfe same or in one Meridian and the compasse shewing the attractiue poynt sheweth directly the pole And departing from the same Meridian toward the East the worlde being round the pole of the world remayneth to vs on the left hand and the poynt of the attractiue vertue shal be on the right hand which is toward the Northeast winde And in how much more we shall sayle toward the East the distaunce shall appeare greater vnto vs vntill we come vnto the 90. degrÃ©es and there shal be the most and greatest Northeasting And passyng from thence further forward it shall appeare vnto vs y t the attractiue poynt commeth neÃ©rer neÃ©rer vnto the Meridian line and so much shall the compasse go bettering or amending the Northeasting vntil it returne to the self same meridian in the opposite or contrary part from whence they came or where they began then shall the attractiue point be to them directly vpoÌ„ or against the pole of the world the compasse shall shew or point directly toward it And againe passing further forward the pole of the woâ—lâ— shâ—l remâ—ine to the right hand and the point attractiue to the left hand and so shall the compasse begin Northwesting increasing it vntil it come from thence to the 90 degreÃ©s there shal be the most of his Northwesting For turning towarde the Meridian from the attractiue point it shall go amending or bettering vntil it returne to the selfesame Meridian from whence it departed there shal the compasse shew the pole of the world directly by or ouer against the attractiue point which is perpendiculerly vnder the pole And if froÌ„ thence they should turne to passe toward the West the pole should rest to the right hand the attractiue point to the left so shall the variation be to the Northwest and this is the cause of the Northeasting Northwesting or variation of the compasse Also it is not to be vnderstooâ—e that this Northeasting Northwesting is vniforme as is the departing or according to the departure from the Meridian where the compasse sheweth perfectly but rather before at the beginning of the departing from the sayd Meridian it maketh differeÌ„ce or variation in a certaine quantitie the increase that is afterward is litle and so much the lesse in how much y â— more the departing is froÌ„ the said Meridian For it is a passion of y e circles deuiding or cutting them selues in y e sphere so that these differences are as are they of the declinatioÌ„s of the Sun which neÃ©re vnto the Equinoctials are great neÃ©re to the solstitials are litle All the which shal euidently appeare in y e figure folowing which is a circle deuided by two Diameters into 4. equal parts cutting theÌ„ selues in y e center in right angles And from the center point called the pole coÌ„meth foorth a moueable Meridian in it goeth a compasse likewise moueable about the circle The attractiue poynt is somwhat distant from the pole of the world from it commeth foorth a threÃ©de which must euer passe by the North

De rebus metallices dooth largely declare and prooue by many examples But to write at large what great things haue proceeded of small and obscure beginnings and in manner meere coniectures it would so farre exceede the measure of an Epistle or Preface that it would rather encrease to the iust quantitie of a booke For in manner all the late discoueryes both of the Spanyards and Portugales had theyr beginnings of such small coniectures with vncertayne hope as it were praeter spem sub spe vntyll God and good happe by the constant trauayle and valiant minde â—f such as fyrst attempted the same gaue them to enioy that they hoped for But what so euer they haue obteyned and do enioy this may I boldly say in your behalfe right Honorable and Worshypfull that there hath not lacked in you eyther the lyke or greater promptnesse of minde forwardnesse in attempting magnificence in expences or liberalitie in rewardesâ— For besyde the great charges and losses that you haue been at otherwyse what should I speake of the great giftes that you haue sent to the Emperour of Russia What of your last chargeable vyage of discouerie among the innumerable Rockes Ilandes and moueable mountaynes of yse in the frosen sea by innumerable lands and Ilands vnknowne to the Antiques euen vnder and farre within and beyond the circle Articke where they thought that no lyuyng creature coulde drawe breath or lyfe for extreeme colde whereas neuerthelesse the same hath been by you discouered euen vnto the mightie ryuer of Ob that falleth into the Scythian Ocean or Oceanus Hyperborei not farre from the mountaynes called Hyperboreus so named because they are situate almost vnder the North Pole and thought therefore to be inaccessible A voyage doubtlesse of suche difficultie and in maner impossibilitie that considering the infinite dangers thereof as I haue learned by the information of Steuen a Burrough that was then the chiefe Pilot of the same voyage it may seeme impossible that they should euer haue escaped except the mightie hand of God by the expert skylfulnesse of so excellent a Pilot had deliuered theÌ„ from those dangers And although in deede as religion bindeth vs it is conuenient in all things to geue all honour glory and thanks to God yet are we not thereby restrayned to be thankefull to such men as by theyr arte ingeniousnesse trauayle and diligence haue deseâ—ued both iust commendation and large rewarde And therefore referring the reward to you right Honorable Worshipfull to whome it apperteyneth if I should not heere geue him at the least such commendation as in my iudgement he hath well deserued I might seeme both to defraud him of his woorthy deserts and also to forget the friendship and good will I beare him only for his vertues and excellencie in his profession For certainely when I consider how indigent and destitute this Realme is of excellent and expert Pilottes I can doo no lesse of conscience then in respect of your owne commoditie yea rather for the commoditie of the Queenes Maiâ—stie and the whole Realme to exhort you and put you in remembrance although I may heerein seeme to put the Spurrâ—s to a running Horsse as sayth the Prouerbe so to regard hym and esteeme hym and his faithfull true and paynefull seruice toward you that he may thereby be further encouraged and not discouraged eyther for lacke of mayntenance or otherwise by the iniurious assaults of such his enimies as onely his vertues and excellency haue moued to beare him displeasure as enuie doeth euer follow vertue as sayth the Latine Prouerbe Virtuti comes inuidia And how true a sentence this is is well verified by the saying of a certayne Philosopher whose name I do not remember who hearing one vaynely reioyce that he had no enimies answeared that that was a token he had done little good meaning thereby as dayly experience pâ—oueth that if he had excelled in any vertue he could not haue lacked some enimies And hauing here touched â—o speake of enuie I remember that when I was a young Scholler I haue read in the Poet Hesiodus of two kyndes of enuie whereof the one is called Inuidia and the other Aemulatio which is more tollerable then the first for that it is ioyned with some vertue and enuyeth that any should excell him in any excellent qualitie that he professeth But for asmuch as this enuie of emulation proceedeth of some singuler vertue of them that are so maliced they may herein reioyce that they shall euer haue a hundred freends for one enimie yea and although they had none yet is vertue a reward to it selfe and to bee embraced for it selfe onely as the Philosophers affyrme What then shall we say to such as forgetting this reward of vertue do not onely fauour but rather hynder the preferment and mayntenance of such expert men more esteeming certayne Fyshermen that goe a trawling for fysh in Catches or Mongers and Dradgies for Oysters about the sandes betweene the South furland and Wyntertonnesse and the sandes about Temmes mouth then they doo suche excellent Pilotes as are able without any Rutter or Carde of Nauigation not onely to attempt long and farre vyages but also to discouer vnknowen lands and Ilandes as haue done of late yeeres many excellent men to the great honor and enriching of theyr Prince and Countrey But as touching Steâ—en a Bâ—rrough the chiefe Pilot of your vyages of discouery it may hereby well appeare that he is neyther malitious nor enuious of his Arte and Science in that hee desireth the same for the common profite to be common to all men and for the same inteâ—t was the first that mooued certayne Worshipfull of your company as Syr Wyllyam Garrerd Mayster Wyllyam Mericke Mayster Blase Sanders and Mayster Edward Castlen to haue this worke translated into the Englishe tongue Who of theyr owne good nature fauouring all vertuous studies and the professours of the same did soone enclyne to his hoâ—â—st request heerein and therewith not onely desired me but also with liberall rewarde enterteyned me to take in hand the translation Which beyng now finished as well as my poore learning may perfourme I desyre your Honors and Worships to accept in good part as I haue meant heerein to gratâ—â—â—e you and doo such seruice as my abilitie may suffice Now therefore thys woorke of the Art of Nauigation being publyshed in our vâ—lger tongue you may be assured to haue more store of skilfull Pilots Pilots I say not Pirots Rulers nor Rouers but such as by their honest behauiour and conditions ioyned with art and experience may do you honest and true seruice Which is not to be looked for of such as being destitute aswell of the feare of God as of all morall vertues superabound in all notorious vices accompting desperatnesse for boldnesse rashnesse for hardines impudencie for stoutnesse and crueltie for manhood What other thing I say is to be looked for of such then of such trees such fruites

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