it_o but_o ammoniac_a which_o in_o greek_a signify_v salt_n of_o the_o sand_n and_o underneath_o the_o sand_n of_o the_o sea_n shore_n i_o suppose_v it_o be_v find_v congeal_v in_o little_a piece_n by_o its_o internal_a heat_n and_o the_o continual_a burn_a of_o the_o sun_n bake_v so_o much_o that_o it_o be_v make_v the_o bitter_a to_o taste_v of_o all_o kind_n of_o salt_n goldsmith_n use_v it_o more_o than_o the_o physician_n it_o be_v one_o of_o those_o they_o call_v the_o four_o spirit_n because_o the_o fire_n will_v convert_v they_o into_o smoke_n and_o so_o they_o fly_v away_o the_o other_o three_o be_v 1._o quicksilver_n 2._o sulphur_n 3._o saltpetre_n it_o have_v a_o particular_a property_n to_o cleanse_v and_o colour_n gold_n and_o be_v put_v into_o the_o composition_n of_o that_o aquafortis_n that_o dissolve_v it_o at_o this_o day_n we_o have_v little_a knowledge_n of_o the_o true_a nitre_n which_o be_v ancient_o make_v of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n nilus_n although_o albertus_n magnus_n say_v that_o in_o goselaria_n there_o be_v a_o mountain_n that_o contain_v a_o very_a rich_a mine_n of_o copper_n and_o the_o water_n that_o issue_v out_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o be_v dry_v become_v nitre_n we_o know_v little_a also_o of_o aphonitro_n which_o be_v but_o as_o it_o be_v the_o froth_n of_o nitre_n borax_n which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o spaniard_n chrysolica_n and_o atincar_n be_v a_o artificial_a sort_n of_o nitre_n make_v of_o urine_n stir_v togethet_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o a_o copper_n pan_n with_o a_o ladle_n of_o the_o same_o until_o it_o thicken_v and_o coagulate_v although_o other_o make_v it_o of_o salt-ammoniac_a and_o alum_n nitre_n be_v bitter_a than_o salt_n but_o less_o salt_n saltpetre_n be_v the_o mean_a between_o they_o two_o and_o consist_v of_o very_o dry_a and_o subtle_a part_n it_o grow_v in_o the_o wall_n of_o old_a house_n and_o in_o stable_n cow_n house_n hog-sty_n and_o dove-coat_n it_o will_v grow_v again_o in_o the_o same_o earth_n it_o be_v take_v out_o of_o if_o that_o earth_n be_v throw_v in_o heap_n and_o spare_v and_o take_v care_n of_o or_o if_o ordinary_a earth_n be_v cast_v up_o into_o heap_n and_o water_v with_o brackish_a water_n after_o some_o year_n it_o will_v give_v a_o great_a increase_n as_o profitable_a as_o crop_n of_o grain_n the_o use_n of_o it_o in_o make_v of_o gunpowder_n and_o aquafortis_n be_v very_o well_o know_v it_o be_v use_v also_o in_o the_o melt_a of_o metal_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v hereafter_o chap._n 9_o of_o juice_n which_o the_o spaniard_n call_v betune_n the_o betune_n be_v one_o of_o the_o thing_n that_o do_v most_o damage_n of_o all_o unto_o metal_n especial_o in_o the_o melt_a of_o they_o because_o it_o burn_v they_o and_o make_v they_o become_v dross_n if_o they_o be_v not_o clear_v of_o the_o betune_n before_o they_o be_v put_v into_o a_o fierce_a fire_n there_o be_v twelve_o sort_n of_o betune_n viz._n asphalto_n pissasphalto_n naptal_a la_fw-fr piedra_n gagete_n azabache_n ampelites_n maltha_n piedra_n thracia_n carbones_fw-la de_fw-fr mina_n ambar_n de_fw-fr cuentas_fw-la ambar_n olorosa_n alcanfor_n but_o few_o of_o these_o sort_n be_v find_v mix_v with_o metal_n all_o betune_n be_v the_o oiliness_n or_o fat_a of_o the_o earth_n and_o although_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o alcanphor_n be_v the_o weep_a or_o gum_n of_o the_o tree_n capar_n in_o the_o island_n of_o zebat_fw-la and_o the_o amber_n of_o another_o herb_n call_v polco_n in_o spanish_a whereunto_o it_o be_v common_o find_v stick_v and_o to_o the_o smell_a amber_n they_o ascribe_v for_o its_o original_n a_o great_a fish_n in_o the_o sea_n like_o a_o whale_n because_o there_o be_v great_a resemblance_n between_o it_o and_o sperma_fw-la ceti_fw-la nevertheless_o that_o do_v not_o hinder_v that_o such_o substance_n also_o may_v like_v sweat_n as_o it_o be_v issue_n forth_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o make_v these_o juice_n call_v betune_n asphalto_n be_v find_v in_o the_o lake_n of_o sodom_n or_o the_o dead_a sea_n in_o judea_n whereinto_o run_v the_o river_n jordan_n three_o league_n from_o the_o city_n of_o jericho_n it_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o oily_a froth_n that_o swim_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n of_o that_o lake_n agitate_a and_o drive_v by_o the_o wind_n and_o wave_n ashore_o and_o there_o condense_n and_o harden_v it_o be_v like_a unto_o pitch_n but_o hard_a and_o of_o a_o better_a colour_n before_o god_n overthrow_v those_o wicked_a city_n of_o sodom_n gomorrha_n admah_n and_o seboim_n that_o fertile_a valley_n have_v little_a of_o this_o betune_n in_o it_o as_o may_v be_v collect_v from_o gen._n chap._n 14._o these_o be_v find_v also_o in_o many_o other_o place_n and_o province_n some_o whereof_o use_v they_o to_o make_v candle_n with_o instead_o of_o oil_n and_o although_o in_o peru_n they_o have_v not_o be_v curious_a in_o further_a search_n than_o how_o best_a to_o work_v their_o oar_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n yet_o by_o the_o plenty_n of_o they_o that_o the_o indian_n bring_v it_o be_v know_v that_o there_o be_v of_o they_o in_o the_o cordillera_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr chiriguane_n in_o the_o frontier_n of_o lomnia_fw-mi although_o they_o have_v little_a access_n to_o they_o because_o they_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o indian_n that_o maintain_v war_n against_o the_o spaniard_n the_o pissasphalto_n be_v a_o natural_a composition_n of_o asphalto_n and_o paz_n and_o so_o the_o colour_n of_o it_o declare_v and_o for_o want_v of_o the_o true_a natural_a pissasphalto_n they_o counterfeit_v it_o of_o those_o two_o material_n la_fw-fr napthe_n be_v a_o sulphurous_a liquor_n sometime_o white_a and_o sometime_o black_a also_o and_o be_v that_o which_o be_v call_v oil_n of_o peter_n of_o admirable_a virtue_n to_o cure_v old_a pain_n proceed_v from_o cold_a cause_n it_o will_v draw_v fire_n to_o it_o as_o the_o loadstone_n do_v iron_n with_o that_o force_n that_o it_o will_v take_v fire_n at_o a_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o flame_n as_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o miserable_a experience_n of_o the_o conde_n de_fw-fr hercules_n de_fw-fr icontrarii_n of_o the_o country_n of_o ferara_n who_o have_v a_o well_o in_o his_o ground_n the_o water_n whereof_o be_v mix_v with_o petreol_n and_o by_o some_o breach_n or_o crack_n in_o the_o well_o much_o of_o this_o water_n run_v to_o waste_v command_v it_o to_o be_v repair_v the_o laborer_n that_o be_v let_v down_o into_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o well_o desire_v a_o candle_n the_o better_a to_o see_v his_o work_n which_o be_v furnish_v he_o in_o a_o lantern_n and_o immediate_o through_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o lantern_n the_o napthe_n suck_v the_o flame_n into_o itself_o and_o set_v fire_n on_o the_o whole_a well_o which_o discharge_v itself_o instant_o like_o a_o great_a piece_n of_o cannon_n and_o blow_v the_o poor_a man_n into_o piece_n and_o take_v off_o a_o arm_n of_o a_o tree_n that_o hang_v over_o the_o well_o the_o conde_n himself_o tell_v the_o story_n to_o matiolo_n who_o report_v it_o in_o his_o dioscorides_n asphalto_n and_o pissasphalto_n melt_v in_o the_o fire_n as_o pitch_n or_o wax_n and_o by_o that_o they_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o piedra_n gagate_n or_o ascabache_n and_o also_o from_o pit-coal_n which_o burn_v and_o consume_v itself_o away_o like_o tea_n or_o any_o other_o sort_n of_o wood_n as_o yet_o i_o have_v not_o hear_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o betune_n in_o these_o province_n although_o i_o persuade_v myself_o there_o be_v if_o they_o be_v seek_v for_o chap._n 10._o of_o sulphur_n and_o antimony_n sulphur_n be_v a_o mineral_n the_o most_o universal_o know_v of_o any_o it_o be_v make_v of_o a_o earthy_a unctuous_a substance_n and_o very_o hot_a to_o that_o degree_n that_o it_o be_v esteem_v to_o be_v near_o of_o kin_n to_o the_o element_n of_o fire_n of_o any_o compound_a substance_n the_o chemist_n call_v it_o the_o masculine_a seed_n and_o nature_n first_o agent_n in_o all_o generation_n and_o they_o say_v that_o the_o difference_n between_o one_o thing_n and_o another_o arise_v from_o the_o divers_a preparation_n and_o mixture_n of_o sulphur_n and_o quicksilver_n it_o have_v happen_v to_o a_o apothecary_n that_o go_v about_o to_o make_v a_o salve_n compound_v of_o those_o two_o material_n he_o have_v find_v the_o result_n to_o be_v a_o plate_n of_o fine_a silver_n after_o many_o consideration_n of_o this_o substance_n thophrastus_fw-la paracelsus_n proceed_v to_o contemplate_v the_o wonder_n produce_v by_o sulphur_n and_o say_v that_o god_n by_o a_o especial_a providence_n have_v conceal_v those_o mystery_n and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o evident_a confutation_n of_o those_o who_o oppose_v the_o transmutation_n of_o metal_n for_o this_o mineral_n do_v effect_v it_o and_o he_o teach_v
above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o those_o within_o the_o bowel_n of_o it_o run_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n other_o such_o like_a sign_n they_o give_v we_o whereby_o to_o know_v those_o brook_n or_o river_n that_o have_v gold_n in_o they_o but_o with_o less_o reason_n because_o the_o gold_n be_v not_o engender_v there_o but_o in_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o mountain_n from_o whence_o time_n and_o the_o downfall_n of_o water_n have_v wear_v it_o away_o but_o without_o disparage_v the_o judgement_n of_o those_o that_o have_v think_v as_o abovesaid_a and_o have_v write_v to_o that_o purpose_n i_o say_v that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o the_o mine_n of_o europe_n and_o of_o these_o part_n experience_n have_v show_v the_o contrary_a which_o i_o foresee_v they_o will_v answer_v by_o say_v that_o oftentimes_o a_o effect_n be_v produce_v contrary_a to_o expectation_n and_o that_o these_o have_v their_o exception_n as_o well_o as_o other_o rule_n nevertheless_o if_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o we_o in_o this_o other_o world_n and_o opposite_a climate_n to_o make_v new_a rule_n from_o the_o experience_n in_o the_o rich_a mine_n of_o potosi_n i_o shall_v assign_v the_o first_o place_n of_o riches_n and_o abundance_n to_o those_o vein_n that_o run_v north_n and_o south_n upon_o the_o northernside_n of_o the_o mountain_n which_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n with_o a_o very_a little_a declination_n westward_o the_o four_o principal_a mine_n of_o this_o mountain_n observe_v namely_o the_o mine_n of_o centeno_n which_o be_v the_o descubridora_n the_o rich_a mine_n the_o tin_n i_o and_o the_o mine_n of_o mendieta_n the_o second_o place_n i_o shall_v give_v to_o they_o that_o run_v north_n and_o south_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o hill_n a_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n parallel_n whereunto_o run_v the_o best_a vein_n of_o the_o second_o famous_a mine_n of_o this_o kingdom_n which_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o famous_a city_n of_o st._n philip_n of_o austria_n call_v oruro_n which_o in_o the_o richness_n of_o its_o vein_n abundance_n of_o metal_n depth_n of_o its_o mine_n and_o great_a concourse_n of_o inhabitant_n deserve_o stand_v in_o competition_n with_o the_o grandeur_n of_o potosi_n in_o divers_a place_n very_o rich_a vein_n of_o metal_n run_v east_n and_o west_n and_o also_o to_o several_a other_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n so_o that_o the_o best_a rule_n to_o go_v by_o in_o this_o matter_n be_v to_o follow_v the_o metal_n as_o it_o discover_v itself_o and_o as_o long_o as_o one_o gain_n thereby_o or_o at_o least_o save_v himself_o it_o be_v worth_a the_o follow_v on_o because_o be_v sure_a to_o lose_v nothing_o one_o have_v the_o vein_n will_v lead_v he_o to_o great_a riches_n and_o if_o the_o vein_n be_v large_a and_o have_v any_o sign_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n in_o it_o although_o for_o the_o present_a it_o do_v not_o quit_v the_o cost_n man_n go_v on_o courageous_o in_o the_o work_n of_o it_o have_v such_o certain_a hope_n of_o gain_v great_a profit_n this_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o experience_n in_o all_o the_o mine_n of_o these_o province_n a_o fresh_a instance_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o the_o rich_a mine_n of_o chocaia_n where_o for_o the_o instruction_n and_o encouragement_n of_o miner_n after_o have_v follow_v its_o vein_n forty_o year_n with_o very_o little_a profit_n at_o length_n they_o have_v meet_v with_o the_o extravagant_a riches_n which_o all_o of_o we_o in_o this_o kingdom_n have_v hear_v and_o see_v if_o the_o vein_n of_o metal_n be_v very_o small_a they_o must_v be_v extreme_a rich_a to_o be_v worth_a the_o follow_v if_o the_o metal_n be_v find_v cling_v about_o stone_n and_o likewise_o in_o the_o hollow_n of_o those_o stone_n it_o be_v find_v in_o grain_n like_o corn_n of_o gunpowder_n be_v that_o which_o the_o spaniard_n call_v plomo_n and_o be_v silver_n unrefined_a although_o these_o grain_n be_v but_o few_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o metal_n have_v no_o silver_n in_o it_o nevertheless_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o the_o vein_n when_o it_o meet_v with_o more_o moisture_n as_o it_o fall_v out_o in_o that_o great_a mine_n of_o st._n christopher_n of_o the_o lip_n which_o they_o call_v the_o poor_a man_n treasure_n if_o as_o they_o dig_v forward_o they_o meet_v with_o more_o abundance_n of_o those_o grain_n de_fw-fr plomo_n it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o rich_a oar_n be_v very_o near_o to_o find_v chrisocola_n herrumbre_fw-mi oropiment_n or_o sandaraca_n in_o the_o mine_n or_o iron-coloured_a earth_n next_o to_o the_o stone_n that_o enclose_v the_o oar_n or_o fullers-earth_n between_o those_o stone_n be_v very_o good_a token_n of_o the_o richness_n of_o the_o mine_n it_o be_v no_o ill_a sign_n also_o to_o meet_v with_o dry_a earth_n if_o it_o be_v yellow_a red_a black_a or_o any_o other_o extraordinary_a colour_n and_o it_o be_v the_o better_a when_o there_o be_v some_o show_n of_o lead_v mix_v with_o it_o chalky-ground_n be_v very_o promise_v and_o agricola_n do_v judge_v it_o a_o good_a sign_n to_o meet_v with_o sand_n in_o the_o mine_n if_o it_o be_v exceed_a fine_n and_o very_o ill_a to_o meet_v with_o earth_n full_a of_o little_a flint_n if_o it_o hold_v long_o without_o change_v into_o another_o soil_n chap._n 26._o of_o metal_n in_o particular_a and_o first_o of_o gold_n the_o most_o perfect_a of_o all_o inanimate_a body_n and_o the_o most_o esteem_v of_o all_o metal_n be_v gold_n universal_o know_v and_o covet_v by_o all_o people_n it_o be_v make_v of_o the_o same_o matter_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o other_o metal_n be_v as_o have_v be_v already_o show_v but_o of_o part_n so_o pure_a and_o perfect_a and_o so_o well_o compact_v togther_o by_o decoction_n that_o its_o substance_n be_v as_o it_o be_v incorruptible_a be_v out_o of_o the_o power_n of_o any_o of_o the_o element_n to_o be_v corrupt_v or_o destroy_v the_o fire_n that_o consume_v all_o other_o metal_n only_o make_v gold_n more_o pure_a the_o air_n and_o water_n diminish_v not_o its_o lustre_n nor_o can_v earth_n make_v it_o rust_n or_o waste_v by_o the_o nobleness_n of_o its_o substance_n it_o have_v most_o deserve_o obtain_v that_o estimation_n which_o the_o world_n give_v it_o and_o the_o natural_a virtue_n which_o flow_v from_o the_o admirable_a equality_n of_o its_o composition_n be_v the_o best_a medicine_n against_o melancholy_n and_o the_o great_a cordial_n to_o the_o heart_n of_o man_n which_o perpetual_o run_v after_o this_o avaritious_a metal_n as_o the_o needle_n do_v after_o the_o loadstone_n the_o quality_n that_o it_o have_v in_o common_a with_o other_o metal_n have_v be_v brief_o touch_v in_o chapter_n 21._o the_o virtue_n ascribe_v to_o aurum_fw-la potabile_fw-la to_o preserve_v a_o body_n perpetual_o in_o youthfulness_n without_o infirmity_n together_o with_o the_o receipt_n of_o make_v thereof_o depend_v upon_o the_o credit_n of_o those_o author_n who_o have_v write_v concern_v the_o same_o many_o writer_n upon_o this_o subject_n relate_v the_o name_n of_o divers_a country_n mountain_n and_o river_n famous_a for_o the_o production_n of_o gold_n but_o my_o design_n be_v not_o to_o be_v over-large_a and_o therefore_o i_o not_o only_o forbear_v to_o translate_v what_o other_o man_n have_v write_v but_o also_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o mine_n in_o this_o new_a world_n even_o those_o of_o divers_a of_o the_o province_n of_o peru_n and_o only_o apply_v myself_o to_o give_v your_o lordship_n a_o short_a account_n of_o those_o which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o royal_a audiencia_fw-la de_fw-fr los_fw-es charcas_fw-es the_o government_n whereof_o be_v worthy_o commit_v unto_o the_o care_n of_o your_o lordship_n every_o body_n know_v the_o name_n of_o carabaya_n for_o be_v a_o country_n store_v with_o plenty_n of_o the_o fine_a gold_n as_o fine_a as_o the_o fine_a gold_n of_o arabia_n it_o be_v of_o the_o ley_z of_o 23_o corrat_n and_o three_o grain_n and_o although_o a_o incredible_a quantity_n thereof_o have_v be_v and_o daily_o be_v get_v thence_o yet_o now_o they_o begin_v to_o work_v again_o afresh_o and_o follow_v the_o vein_n of_o it_o under_o ground_n whereas_o hitherunto_o they_o have_v only_o gather_v up_o the_o fragment_n of_o it_o which_o be_v wash_v off_o by_o the_o rain_v the_o province_n of_o larecaja_n border_n upon_o carabaya_n and_o abound_v with_o gold_n which_o in_o divers_a brook_n of_o that_o country_n be_v find_v in_o form_n and_o colour_n like_o unto_o small_a shot_n which_o be_v melt_v and_o its_o outward_a coat_n and_o mixture_n consume_v away_o become_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n he_o that_o find_v this_o first_o do_v not_o know_v it_o to_o be_v gold_n until_o a_o friend_n of_o he_o unto_o who_o i_o discover_v it_o tell_v he_o so_o next_o
affirm_v that_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o a_o mine_n of_o gold_n although_o the_o experience_n in_o these_o province_n do_v not_o correspond_v therewith_o it_o be_v ordinary_o find_v with_o copper_n and_o in_o great_a abundance_n with_o the_o black_a metal_n which_o also_o participate_v much_o of_o it_o and_o thence_o take_v the_o ill_a smell_n it_o have_v in_o work_v it_o be_v a_o very_a fine_a sort_n of_o copperas_n which_o the_o spaniard_n call_v copaquiras_n and_o the_o best_a and_o pure_a of_o all_o be_v that_o they_o call_v piedra_n lipas_n from_o the_o mine_n of_o it_o find_v in_o that_o province_n although_o a_o few_o year_n ago_o a_o very_a plentiful_a mine_n of_o it_o have_v be_v discover_v in_o the_o province_n of_o acatama_n which_o be_v of_o a_o greenish_a colour_n and_o that_o of_o lipa_n be_v blue_a there_o be_v also_o whitish_a and_o yellow_a copperas_n which_o the_o painter_n use_n and_o different_a colour_n of_o it_o have_v cause_v several_a name_n to_o be_v give_v it_o of_o this_o mineral_n be_v those_o the_o spaniard_n call_v mysi_n sori_n calohitis_n and_o melanteria_fw-la there_o be_v dispute_n enough_o about_o its_o temperament_n and_o quality_n as_o well_o as_o about_o that_o of_o alum_n some_z not_o allow_v it_o to_o be_v hot_a in_o the_o three_o degree_n will_v yet_o allow_v it_o to_o be_v so_o in_o the_o four_o and_o other_o on_o the_o contrary_a be_v of_o the_o opinion_n of_o juan_n de_fw-fr rupecissa_n who_o i_o think_v follow_v raymundus_n that_o it_o be_v cold_a in_o the_o three_o degree_n it_o be_v admirable_a to_o see_v its_o effect_n in_o aquafortis_n in_o which_o all_o metal_n like_o salt_n dissolve_v and_o be_v turn_v into_o water_n and_o a_o ocular_a demonstration_n of_o the_o possibility_n of_o the_o transmutation_n of_o metal_n one_o into_o another_o for_o with_o copperas_n dissolve_v in_o aquafortis_n without_o any_o other_o artifice_n iron_n lead_v and_o tin_n become_v fine_a copper_n and_o silver_n will_v lose_v of_o its_o value_n and_o be_v turn_v into_o copper_n also_o with_o a_o little_a help_n of_o another_o metal_n very_o easy_a to_o be_v get_v by_o the_o force_n of_o a_o most_o violent_a heat_n they_o extract_v oil_n from_o the_o copperas_n which_o be_v call_v vitriol_n of_o wonderful_a virtue_n they_o make_v two_o sort_n of_o artificial_a copperas_n blue_a and_o green_a of_o a_o mixture_n of_o iron_n copper_n and_o brimston_n put_v in_o the_o fire_n together_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v declare_v how_o and_o what_o mischief_n copperas_n have_v cause_v in_o the_o work_n of_o metal_n a_o thing_n hitherto_o not_o take_v notice_n of_o chap._n 7._o of_o salt_n salt_v be_v no_o less_o necessary_a than_o common_o know_v in_o the_o world_n and_o that_o which_o be_v mineral_n have_v the_o same_o virtue_n as_o that_o which_o be_v make_v of_o the_o sea-water_n or_o of_o the_o water_n of_o brackish_a lake_n or_o spring_n the_o only_a difference_n be_v that_o the_o mineral-salt_n be_v more_o thick_a and_o solid_a whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v to_o be_v more_o astringent_a and_o not_o so_o easy_o dissolve_v in_o water_n as_o the_o make_a salt_n be_v the_o province_n of_o the_o west-indies_n as_o much_o abound_v in_o salt_n as_o they_o do_v in_o metal_n and_o a_o piece_n of_o the_o sea_n between_o the_o lip_n coagulate_v into_o christalline-salt_n as_o also_o the_o salt-pit_n call_v garci_n mendoca_n be_v none_o of_o the_o most_o inconsiderable_a wonder_n of_o this_o new_a world_n those_o pit_n be_v call_v garci_n mendoza_n for_o their_o bigness_n because_o they_o be_v forty_o league_n long_o and_o where_o narrow_a sixteen_o broad_a and_o also_o because_o that_o sometime_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o that_o space_n be_v discover_v as_o it_o be_v well_n that_o have_v no_o bottom_n and_o great_a overgrow_a fish_n be_v see_v in_o they_o it_o be_v very_o dangerous_a travel_v over_o this_o space_n of_o ground_n for_o fear_v of_o lose_v one_o eyesight_n because_o the_o great_a glister_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n upon_o that_o place_n of_o crystal_n put_v out_o one_o eye_n unless_o they_o be_v defend_v with_o black_a tiffany_n there_o be_v danger_n of_o life_n also_o in_o that_o journey_n it_o have_v happen_v that_o go_v over_o that_o place_n the_o traveller_n and_o his_o horse_n and_o all_o have_v be_v swallow_v up_o leave_v no_o manner_n of_o mark_n behind_o of_o either_o of_o they_o in_o the_o lip_n four_o league_n from_o the_o mine_n of_o st._n christopher_n de_fw-fr achocolla_n there_o be_v a_o small_a lake_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o a_o little_a hill_n in_o a_o country_n they_o call_v tumaquisa_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o which_o lake_n the_o water_n boil_v and_o leap_v up_o sometime_o more_o sometime_o less_o make_v a_o frightful_a noise_n out_o of_o curiosity_n i_o go_v to_o see_v it_o and_o find_v the_o noise_n and_o motion_n of_o it_o so_o terrible_a that_o with_o reason_n there_o be_v very_o few_o that_o dare_v come_v near_o the_o mouth_n thereof_o the_o water_n be_v thick_a to_o that_o degree_n that_o it_o look_v more_o like_a dirt_n than_o water_n there_o be_v one_o small_a gutter_n where_o it_o run_v over_o and_o that_o water_n issue_v forth_o become_v red_a salt_n as_o it_o run_v along_o in_o little_a channel_n this_o be_v a_o mighty_a strong_a salt_n and_o have_v twice_o the_o virtue_n of_o common_a salt_n in_o the_o work_n of_o metal_n it_o have_v also_o be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o excellent_a remedy_n for_o the_o dysentery_n perchance_o it_o have_v in_o it_o a_o mixture_n of_o the_o red_a alum_n that_o give_v it_o both_o colour_n and_o spirit_n hard_o by_o this_o lake_n run_v a_o vein_n of_o piedra_n judaica_n and_o the_o country_n thereabouts_o be_v full_a of_o mine_n of_o copper_n a_o league_n and_o a_o half_a from_o julloma_n in_o the_o province_n of_o pacage_n there_o be_v many_o salt_n spring_n that_o as_o they_o gush_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n in_o a_o short_a time_n become_v pure_a white_a salt_n without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o art_n and_o they_o increase_v into_o heap_n of_o salt_n until_o the_o winter_n rain_v dissolve_v and_o sweep_v they_o away_o in_o the_o same_o province_n near_o unto_o caquingora_n there_o be_v more_o salt-pit_n like_v unto_o the_o former_a and_o the_o like_a there_o be_v in_o several_a other_o place_n in_o these_o part_n also_o be_v find_v in_o great_a abundance_n of_o the_o mine_n or_o rock-salt_n which_o be_v massy_a and_o transparent_a look_v like_o the_o pure_a crystal_n julloma_n have_v in_o it_o plentiful_a vein_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o salt_n many_o year_n ago_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o curaguara_n de_fw-fr carangas_n have_v enrich_v themselves_o by_o dig_v of_o rock-salt_n and_o of_o late_a year_n they_o have_v discover_v vein_n of_o it_o near_o the_o river_n of_o langa_n collo_fw-la but_o the_o salt-mine_n of_o yocalla_n which_o god_n have_v create_v near_o unto_o the_o rich_a mountain_n and_o city_n of_o potosi_n that_o nothing_o may_v be_v want_v that_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o work_n of_o its_o oar_n yield_v such_o abundance_n of_o salt_n as_o be_v incredible_a whereof_o be_v daily_o spend_v in_o the_o melt_a of_o metal_n at_o the_o least_o 1500_o quintale_n and_o this_o consumption_n have_v last_v for_o many_o year_n beside_o the_o common_a virtue_n of_o salt_n which_o every_o body_n know_v arnaldo_n de_fw-fr villa_n nova_fw-la in_o his_o treatise_n for_o the_o preserve_n of_o youthfulness_n say_v that_o rock-salt_n be_v beyond_o any_o thing_n in_o the_o world_n for_o that_o purpose_n he_o call_v it_o the_o mineral_n elixir_n and_o prescribe_v that_o it_o be_v prepare_v with_o thing_n that_o do_v not_o weaken_v it_o or_o alter_v its_o property_n but_o he_o do_v not_o name_v the_o ingredient_n nor_o the_o manner_n of_o do_v it_o juan_n beguino_n in_o his_o tyrocinio_fw-la chymico_fw-la teach_v how_o to_o extract_v oil_n out_o of_o it_o of_o a_o extraordinary_a great_a virtue_n and_o he_o say_v that_o whatsoever_o be_v preserve_v in_o that_o liquor_n shall_v be_v keep_v from_o putrefaction_n for_o many_o age_n and_o he_o believe_v that_o this_o be_v it_o that_o preserve_v the_o body_n of_o the_o beautiful_a maid_n which_o rafael_n volaterano_n speak_v of_o that_o be_v find_v in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n alexander_n the_o six_o in_o a_o ancient_a tomb_n so_o fresh_a as_o if_o she_o have_v but_o just_o new_o die_v when_o as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o epitaph_n that_o she_o have_v be_v bury_v there_o 1500_o year_n before_o chap._n 8._o of_o salt_n ammoniac_a and_o other_o salt_n among_o all_o the_o salt_n that_o nature_n alone_o produce_v the_o scarce_a but_o of_o great_a virtue_n be_v the_o salt-ammoniac_a they_o call_v it_o vulgar_o ammoniac_a and_o from_o that_o name_n conclude_v that_o it_o come_v from_o armenia_n but_o that_o be_v not_o the_o true_a name_n of_o
a_o way_n to_o make_v a_o oil_n call_v in_o spanish_a epatica_fw-la sulphuris_fw-la which_o turn_v silver_n into_o gold_n and_o heliana_n the_o author_n of_o a_o book_n call_v la_o disquisition_n teach_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o raw_a sulphur_n to_o show_v the_o possibility_n of_o it_o although_o it_o be_v in_o very_o little_a quantity_n the_o smoke_n of_o it_o help_v to_o fix_v the_o quicksilver_n and_o turn_v it_o into_o plate_n whereof_o there_o be_v many_o eye-witness_n in_o these_o province_n and_o this_o sulphur_n distil_v in_o a_o glass-still_a make_v the_o oil_n of_o sulphur_n of_o such_o rare_a and_o admirable_a virtue_n especial_o for_o the_o french_a pox_n take_v three_o or_o four_o drop_n thereof_o every_o morning_n for_o a_o week_n together_o in_o some_o liquor_n proper_a to_o convey_v it_o in_o it_o be_v good_a to_o cure_v the_o difficulty_n of_o urine_n and_o the_o pain_n of_o the_o gout_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o diodorus_n euchiente_fw-it and_o divers_a other_o author_n there_o be_v abundance_n of_o brimston_n in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o lip_n and_o in_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o pacage_n and_o in_o la_fw-fr puna_n de_fw-fr tacora_n or_o los_fw-la altos_fw-la de_fw-la arica_n and_o in_o many_o other_o part_n beside_o it_o be_v find_v incorporate_v with_o metal_n in_o the_o rich_a mine_n of_o peru._n the_o antimony_n or_o stibium_fw-la which_o some_o miner_n call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o alcahole_a and_o other_o particular_o in_o oruro_n call_v it_o macacote_n it_o be_v a_o mineral_n very_o like_a unto_o that_o they_o call_v sorocha_n or_o lead_v that_o be_v very_o porous_a it_o shine_v very_o much_o and_o be_v brittle_a some_o of_o it_o be_v of_o a_o red_a yellow_a colour_n and_o some_o there_o be_v more_o incline_v to_o white_a and_o very_o fine_o grain_v as_o steel_n show_v where_o it_o be_v break_v it_o be_v make_v of_o a_o very_a corrupt_a and_o imperfect_a mixture_n of_o brimston_n and_o quicksilver_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o abortion_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o embryo_n which_o will_v become_v metal_n if_o it_o be_v not_o take_v out_o before_o its_o time_n porta_n vegino_n and_o other_o do_v teach_v a_o way_n to_o draw_v out_o of_o this_o a_o kind_n of_o quicksilver_n which_o they_o call_v regalo_n but_o it_o be_v incline_v to_o red_a and_o have_v not_o so_o lively_a a_o motion_n as_o the_o ordinary_a quicksilver_n by_o aquafortis_n also_o brimston_n whereof_o it_o be_v compound_v be_v get_v from_o it_o in_o its_o proper_a form_n of_o a_o green_a colour_n and_o burn_v as_o ordinary_a brimston_n do_v basillius_fw-la valentinus_n in_o his_o triumphal_a chariot_n of_o antimony_n have_v speak_v of_o many_o of_o its_o excellency_n afterward_o teach_v how_o to_o make_v of_o it_o a_o firestone_n as_o he_o call_v it_o which_o will_v turn_v other_o metal_n into_o gold_n paracelsus_n write_v much_o also_o to_o the_o same_o effect_n and_o other_o chemist_n with_o a_o continue_a voice_n do_v speak_v of_o a_o oil_n which_o be_v get_v from_o antimony_n for_o the_o same_o purpose_n but_o from_o a_o more_o certain_a and_o necessary_a experience_n do_v matiolus_n commend_v his_o ointmet_n for_o the_o cure_n of_o old_a ulcer_n and_o for_o other_o medicinal_a use_n stibium_fw-la have_v a_o dry_n and_o astringent_a virtue_n and_o the_o preparation_n which_o theyc_n all_o hiacint_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v a_o very_a strong_a purge_n and_o a_o provoker_n to_o vomit_v this_o alcahol_n be_v very_o common_o find_v comprehend_v in_o the_o silver-oar_n and_o particular_o in_o that_o which_o in_o peru_n be_v call_v the_o black_a oar_n nevertheless_o in_o many_o part_n it_o be_v find_v in_o a_o body_n by_o its_o self_n it_o do_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o mischif_n in_o the_o work_n of_o metal_n as_o the_o betune_n and_o brimston_n do_v and_o therefore_o must_v careful_o be_v get_v out_o beforehand_o as_o shall_v be_v show_v hereafter_o chap._n 11._o of_o marcasita_n orpiment_n and_o sandaraca_n marcasita_fw-it be_v also_o call_v pyrite_n which_o signify_v a_o stone_n of_o fire_n because_o be_v strike_v with_o steel_n it_o yield_v fire_n in_o great_a abundance_n than_o any_o other_o mineral_n some_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v beget_v of_o a_o undigested_a vapour_n other_o that_o it_o be_v compose_v of_o a_o courser_n sort_n of_o brimstone_n or_o betune_n and_o stone_n it_o grow_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o mine_n but_o especial_o where_o there_o be_v copper_n and_o the_o black_a silver_n oar_n whereof_o it_o do_v much_o participate_v and_o perhaps_o that_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o dioscorides_n say_v that_o the_o marcasita_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o copper_n and_o notwithstanding_o albertus_n and_o other_o do_v think_v the_o marcasita_n contain_v no_o metal_n in_o it_o yet_o experience_n have_v teach_v the_o contrary_a for_o the_o farmer_n of_o the_o mine_n of_o monserrat_n en_fw-fr los_fw-la chichas_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o dig_v those_o vein_n they_o find_v the_o oar_n to_o contain_v as_o much_o silver_n as_o it_o do_v of_o marcasita_n and_o in_o this_o mountain_n of_o potosi_n and_o other_o there_o be_v a_o fine_a sort_n of_o this_o marcasita_fw-it which_o be_v find_v incorporate_v with_o the_o black_a silver_n oar_n and_o be_v a_o certain_a sign_n of_o its_o richness_n there_o be_v as_o many_o kind_n of_o marcasitas_fw-la as_o there_o be_v of_o metal_n who_o colour_n they_o represent_v the_o most_o common_a sort_n look_v like_o gold_n be_v put_v in_o the_o fire_n it_o smell_v like_o brimston_n and_o flame_n much_o which_o be_v a_o sign_n it_o be_v compound_v as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o gold_n silver_n and_o copper_n be_v usual_o find_v contain_v in_o it_o it_o be_v a_o great_a hindrance_n to_o the_o melt_a that_o oar_n where_o it_o be_v incorporate_v divide_v the_o quicksilver_n into_o very_o small_a particle_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v hereafter_o together_o with_o the_o proper_a remedy_n for_o it_o orpiment_n and_o sandaraca_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o virtue_n and_o be_v only_o make_v to_o differ_v by_o their_o great_a or_o lesser_a concoction_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n sandaraca_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o orpiment_n well_o concoct_v and_o by_o consequence_n thereof_o heighten_v in_o virtue_n as_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o put_v orpiment_n into_o a_o fine_v pot_n and_o set_v it_o on_o the_o fire_n whereby_o after_o a_o convenient_a concoction_n it_o will_v become_v red_a and_o of_o as_o lively_a a_o colour_n as_o the_o most_o perfect_a natural_a sandaraca_n where_o orpiment_n be_v find_v it_o be_v a_o certain_a sign_n of_o a_o mine_n of_o gold_n wheref_o also_o it_o always_o contain_v some_o seed_n or_o little_a particle_n as_o pliny_n report_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n caligula_n that_o he_o do_v then_o extract_v some_o gold_n out_o of_o it_o since_o that_o time_n it_o have_v not_o be_v attempt_v because_o the_o cost_n do_v much_o exceed_v the_o benefit_n the_o best_a sort_n of_o orpiment_n be_v that_o which_o be_v of_o a_o shine_a gold_n colour_n that_o be_v not_o fast_o compact_v and_o easy_o break_v into_o scale_n as_o it_o be_v the_o most_o perfect_a sandaraca_n be_v that_o which_o be_v red_a pure_a and_o the_o most_o brittle_a of_o the_o colour_n of_o cinabrio_n a_o indian_a word_n of_o a_o gold_n colour_n and_o it_o have_v a_o strong_a smell_n of_o sulphur_n whereby_o as_o also_o by_o its_o other_o quality_n and_o medicinal_a virtue_n it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o sandix_n which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n and_o be_v make_v of_o albayalde_a well_o burn_v in_o the_o fire_n which_o some_o also_o improper_o call_v sandaraca_n these_o be_v poison_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o strong_a corrode_a and_o burn_a quality_n not_o only_o upon_o the_o body_n of_o animal_n but_o upon_o metal_n also_o in_o like_a manner_n as_o antimony_n or_o brimston_n or_o other_o dry_a mineral_n for_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o oily_a part_n they_o take_v fire_n and_o be_v mingle_v with_o metal_n they_o burn_v and_o consume_v the_o moisture_n thereof_o whereby_o the_o metal_n moulder_n away_o and_o be_v lose_v there_o be_v other_o juice_n that_o be_v scarce_a and_o not_o common_o know_v as_o they_o report_v of_o one_o that_o be_v find_v in_o the_o mine_n of_o ancbergo_v which_o be_v white_a and_o hard_a and_o poison_n the_o cattle_n that_o taste_v it_o and_o it_o maybe_o of_o this_o kind_n be_v that_o vein_n which_o person_n of_o good_a credit_n have_v tell_v i_o be_v find_v in_o the_o province_n of_o conchucos_n in_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o lyma_n with_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o country_n use_v to_o kill_v those_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o be_v rid_v of_o to_o prevent_v which_o wicked_a practice_n the_o holy_a archbishop_n de_fw-fr los_fw-es reyes_n don_n soribio_n alonso_n de_fw-fr magrobejo_n
command_v the_o mine_n to_o be_v stop_v up_o chap._n 12._o of_o the_o generation_n of_o stone_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v some_o very_a active_a principle_n or_o virtue_n that_o operate_v in_o the_o generation_n of_o stone_n as_o well_o as_o upon_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o universe_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o generation_n and_o corruption_n but_o the_o difficulty_n lie_v in_o know_v what_o that_o principle_n be_v because_o it_o operate_v in_o no_o determinate_a place_n but_o sometime_o stone_n be_v make_v in_o the_o air_n in_o the_o cloud_n in_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o water_n and_o in_o the_o body_n of_o animal_n avicena_n and_o albertus_n think_v the_o matter_n whereof_o stone_n be_v make_v to_o be_v a_o mixture_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n and_o if_o the_o great_a part_n be_v water_n it_o have_v the_o name_n of_o liquor_n but_o if_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v earth_n than_o it_o be_v call_v dirt_n or_o clay_n that_o clay_n which_o be_v fit_a to_o make_v stone_n of_o must_v be_v tough_a and_o slimy_a such_o as_o brick_n pot_n and_o other_o earthen_a vessel_n be_v make_v of_o for_o if_o it_o be_v not_o such_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o fire_n have_v consume_v the_o moisture_n of_o the_o dirt_n it_o will_v not_o hang_v together_o but_o crumble_v into_o earth_n and_o dust_n it_o be_v also_o necessary_a that_o the_o liquor_n which_o be_v to_o be_v convert_v into_o stone_n be_v very_o slimy_a the_o experience_n whereof_o we_o find_v in_o our_o own_o body_n the_o physician_n be_v general_o of_o a_o opinion_n that_o the_o stone_n be_v beget_v in_o the_o reins_o and_o bladder_n of_o slimy_a tough_a humour_n bake_v hard_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o body_n this_o opinion_n touch_v petrify_a liquor_n be_v confirm_v past_o all_o question_n by_o the_o experiment_n of_o that_o famous_a water_n in_o this_o kingdom_n of_o peru_n near_o unto_o guancavelica_n which_o they_o take_v and_o put_v into_o mould_n of_o what_o form_n and_o bigness_n they_o please_v and_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o sun_n for_o a_o few_o day_n whereby_o it_o be_v make_v perfect_a stone_n and_o they_o build_v their_o house_n with_o it_o all_o the_o cattle_n that_o drink_v it_o die_v and_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v before_o it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o conjecture_v the_o reason_n in_o a_o mountain_n call_v pacocava_n a_o league_n from_o the_o mine_n of_o verenguela_fw-mi de_fw-fr pajage_n there_o be_v spring_n of_o this_o liquor_n the_o colour_n whereof_o be_v whitish_a incline_v to_o yellow_a that_o as_o it_o run_v along_o condense_n into_o very_o hard_a and_o weighty_a stone_n of_o different_a shape_n moreover_o any_o porous_a substance_n that_o can_v suck_v this_o kind_n of_o liquor_n into_o it_o be_v apt_a to_o be_v turn_v into_o stone_n and_o of_o those_o i_o have_v see_v tree_n and_o limb_n and_o bone_n of_o beast_n turn_v into_o hard_a stone_n in_o the_o city_n de_fw-fr plata_fw-la i_o have_v see_v stick_v of_o wood_n take_v out_o of_o that_o great_a river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n so_o much_o of_o which_o as_o have_v remain_v cover_v with_o the_o water_n be_v convert_v into_o very_o fine_a stone_n i_o see_v also_o the_o tooth_n and_o bone_n of_o giant_n that_o be_v dug_n up_o in_o tarija_n turn_v into_o heavy_a and_o hard_a stone_n stone_n have_v their_o substantial_a form_n which_o make_v they_o differ_v specifical_o yet_o because_o we_o can_v come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o in_o our_o definition_n we_o be_v fain_o by_o way_n of_o periphrasis_n to_o make_v use_n of_o accident_n and_o property_n every_o several_a form_n of_o the_o stone_n be_v accompany_v with_o particular_a virtue_n as_o remarkable_a as_o those_o of_o animal_n or_o plant_n and_o proportion_v to_o the_o length_n of_o time_n nature_n take_v in_o its_o generation_n but_o because_o plant_n and_o animal_n be_v to_o have_v so_o different_a disposition_n and_o to_o produce_v such_o various_a and_o admirable_a effect_n they_o can_v be_v of_o so_o uniform_a and_o well_o mingle_v a_o temperament_n as_o the_o stone_n be_v nor_o be_v their_o soft_a and_o gentle_a substance_n capable_a to_o endure_v so_o much_o force_v as_o neither_o be_v the_o hardness_n of_o the_o stone_n fit_v for_o the_o produce_v variety_n of_o several_a shape_n and_o therefore_o in_o they_o be_v find_v no_o leaf_n flower_n fruit_n hand_n nor_o foot_n as_o in_o plant_n and_o animal_n though_o they_o have_v a_o great_a virtue_n of_o another_o kind_n chap._n 13._o of_o the_o difference_n of_o stone_n one_o from_o another_o all_o sort_n of_o stone_n be_v reducible_a under_o some_o of_o these_o five_o follow_a species_n 1._o if_o they_o be_v small_a very_o scarce_o and_o very_o hard_a of_o substance_n and_o have_v lustre_n they_o be_v call_v precious_a stone_n 2._o if_o they_o be_v of_o great_a magnitude_n although_o they_o be_v rare_a and_o have_v lustre_n they_o be_v some_o kind_n of_o marble_n 3._o if_o in_o break_v they_o fall_v into_o splinter_n or_o scale_n they_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o flint_n 4._o if_o they_o be_v of_o a_o small_a grain_n they_o be_v pebble_n 5._o those_o that_o have_v none_o of_o the_o abovesaid_a qualification_n be_v rock_n or_o ordinary_a stone_n but_o the_o miner_n for_o the_o better_a distinction_n of_o the_o sort_n of_o stone_n wherein_o metal_n be_v engender_v use_v peculiar_a name_n for_o they_o for_o example_n a_o kind_n of_o stone_n like_o pebble_n which_o contain_v gold_n silver_n or_o any_o orhe_a metal_n they_o call_v guijos_n which_o breed_v a_o rich_a vein_n of_o metal_n than_o any_o other_o stone_n cachi_n another_o sort_n of_o stone_n white_a like_o alabaster_n soft_a and_o easy_a to_o break_v in_o piece_n be_v all_o this_o country_n call_v salt_n much_o lead_n be_v engender_v in_o this_o kind_n of_o stone_n in_o the_o vein_n of_o metale_n paco_n which_o be_v the_o name_n the_o miner_n here_o give_v unto_o their_o silver_n oar._n chumpi_fw-la which_o be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v of_o a_o grey_a colour_n be_v a_o stone_n of_o the_o kind_n of_o esmeril_n mix_v with_o iron_n it_o shine_v a_o little_a and_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o work_v because_o it_o resist_v the_o fire_n much_o it_o be_v find_v in_o potosi_n and_o chocaya_n and_o other_o place_n with_o the_o black_a metal_n and_o rosiclere_n lamacrudria_n be_v that_o stone_n which_o be_v close_o compact_v and_o solid_a and_o show_v not_o the_o least_o grain_n nor_o porousness_n when_o you_o break_v it_o and_o be_v of_o a_o yellow_a colour_n and_o sometime_o high_o colour_v as_o blood-red_a almaclaneta_fw-mi be_v the_o name_n they_o give_v another_o kind_n of_o stone_n which_o be_v very_o solid_a and_o weighty_a of_o a_o dark_a colour_n always_o find_v in_o the_o company_n of_o rich_a metal_n which_o be_v engender_v in_o it_o when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v corrupt_v and_o rot_v as_o in_o like_a manner_n be_v do_v in_o the_o govijos_n it_o grow_v upon_o the_o flint_n of_o the_o gold_n mine_n and_o those_o of_o copper_n and_o silver_n amolaclera_fw-la or_o whetstone_n be_v that_o ordinary_a stone_n which_o be_v common_o make_v use_n of_o for_o that_o purpose_n and_o so_o know_v to_o every_o body_n divers_a rich_a metal_n grow_v upon_o it_o but_o most_o common_o los_fw-es cobriscos_fw-la the_o vein_n of_o silver_n be_v rare_a and_o inconsiderable_a that_o be_v find_v in_o pit-coal_n although_o it_o be_v a_o more_o proper_a bed_n for_o gold_n other_o stone_n that_o grow_v in_o mine_n or_o cleave_v unto_o the_o metal_n they_o call_v cique_n and_o also_o caxas_n which_o be_v rough_a and_o uneven_a but_o not_o very_o hard_a nor_o very_o spungy_a and_o common_o have_v nothing_o of_o metal_n in_o they_o although_o in_o some_o rich_a mine_n they_o be_v infect_v with_o some_o little_a by_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o oar._n the_o stone_n of_o potosi_n call_v vilacique_n have_v be_v and_o be_v very_o famous_a for_o the_o abundance_n of_o silver_n get_v out_o of_o they_o and_o be_v one_o of_o the_o ingredient_n that_o make_v this_o province_n without_o comparison_n vila_n signify_v blood_n in_o peru_n or_o any_o red_a thing_n and_o for_o the_o streak_n of_o red_a this_o stone_n have_v in_o it_o they_o call_v it_o vilecique_n chap._n 14._o of_o precious_a stone_n precious_a stone_n be_v either_o transparent_a as_o the_o diamant_n be_v or_o obscure_a as_o the_o onyx_n or_o between_o both_o as_o the_o sandonyx_n and_o the_o jasper_n it_o be_v the_o water_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a cause_n of_o clearness_n and_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o opacity_n of_o they_o so_o that_o the_o reason_n why_o they_o excel_v one_o the_o other_o in_o lustre_n and_o transparency_n be_v from_o the_o variety_n of_o humour_n congeal_v together_o to_o compose_v they_o which_o be_v some_o of_o they_o more_o
draught_n or_o colour_n but_o in_o bulk_n and_o substance_n i_o believe_v it_o may_v arise_v from_o some_o petrify_a liquor_n which_o that_o matter_n have_v suck_v into_o its_o pore_n and_o thereby_o be_v become_v all_o stone_n and_o so_o think_v avicene_a but_o although_o sometime_o this_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o yet_o methinks_v it_o can_v reasonable_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v so_o always_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n misnenses_n near_o unto_o the_o lake_n of_o alsacia_n stone_n be_v very_o common_o find_v that_o have_v emboss_v upon_o their_o superficies_n the_o image_n of_o frog_n and_o fish_n in_o fine_a copper_n ancient_o they_o call_v a_o sort_n of_o stone_n conchites_n which_o be_v in_o all_o their_o lineament_n very_o like_a unto_o the_o cockle_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o they_o think_v that_o those_o fish_n shell_n lie_v a_o long_a time_n in_o soil_n where_o much_o stone_n be_v beget_v the_o petrify_a liquor_n enter_v into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o shell_n convert_v it_o into_o stone_n and_o they_o ground_v this_o opinion_n upon_o the_o certainty_n that_o the_o sea_n in_o old_a time_n have_v overflow_v the_o whole_a territory_n of_o the_o city_n of_o magara_n where_o only_o these_o sort_n of_o stone_n be_v find_v but_o of_o late_a time_n all_o colour_n of_o reason_n be_v take_v away_o from_o the_o forementioned_a conceit_n by_o the_o wonderful_a vein_n of_o stone_n some_o grey_a some_o iron_n colour_v and_o some_o yellow_a which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o high_a way_n as_o one_o go_v from_o potosi_n to_o oronesta_n down_o the_o hill_n there_o they_o gather_v stone_n that_o have_v in_o they_o impression_n of_o divers_a sort_n of_o figure_n so_o much_o to_o the_o life_n that_o nothing_o but_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n itself_o can_v possible_o have_v produce_v such_o a_o piece_n of_o workmanship_n i_o have_v some_o of_o these_o stone_n by_o i_o in_o which_o you_o may_v see_v cockle_n of_o all_o sort_n great_a middle-sized_a and_o small_a one_o some_o of_o they_o lie_v upward_o and_o some_o downward_o with_o the_o small_a lineament_n of_o those_o shell_n draw_v in_o great_a perfection_n and_o this_o place_n be_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o all_o the_o country_n and_o the_o most_o double_a mountainous_a land_n therein_o where_o it_o be_v madness_n to_o imagine_v that_o ever_o the_o sea_n have_v prevail_v and_o leave_v cockle_n only_o in_o this_o one_o part_n of_o it_o there_o be_v also_o among_o these_o stone_n the_o perfect_a resemblance_n of_o toad_n and_o butterfly_n and_o strange_a figur_n which_o though_o i_o have_v hear_v from_o credible_a witness_n yet_o i_o forbear_v to_o mention_v and_o not_o to_o over-burden_n the_o belief_n of_o the_o reader_n over_o against_o this_o wonderful_a vein_n of_o land_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o valley_n of_o oroncota_n stand_v that_o famous_a piece_n of_o land_n they_o call_v pucara_n which_o signify_v in_o their_o language_n fortress_n it_o be_v a_o place_n the_o best_a fortify_v by_o nature_n of_o any_o now_o know_v in_o the_o world_n be_v situate_a very_o high_a seven_o league_n in_o compass_n and_o all_o surround_v with_o high_a and_o inaccessible_a hill_n only_o on_o the_o one_o side_n there_o be_v a_o small_a avenue_n after_o have_v past_o a_o very_a difficult_a ascent_n in_o its_o spacious_a field_n on_o the_o top_n there_o be_v many_o fine_a brook_n of_o water_n wood_n pasture-ground_n commons_o and_o waste_n very_o commodious_a for_o the_o support_n of_o humane_a life_n chap._n 18._o of_o the_o generation_n of_o metal_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o learned_a man_n differ_v so_o much_o in_o their_o opinion_n about_o the_o matter_n whereof_o metal_n be_v engender_v because_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n seem_v to_o have_v create_v they_o in_o that_o obscurity_n and_o depth_n and_o to_o have_v immure_v they_o with_o hard_a rock_n on_o purpose_n to_o hide_v their_o cause_n and_o to_o give_v check_n to_o the_o ambition_n of_o man._n the_o philosopher_n who_o pretend_v to_o know_v the_o cause_n of_o thing_n beside_o the_o first_o matter_n which_o be_v the_o first_o principle_n not_o only_o of_o metal_n but_o of_o all_o other_o body_n in_o the_o world_n assign_v another_o matter_n remote_a also_o which_o be_v a_o certain_a moist_a and_o unctuous_a exhalation_n together_o with_o a_o portion_n of_o thick_a and_o tough_a earth_n from_o which_o be_v mingle_v together_o there_o result_v a_o matter_n whereof_o not_o only_a metal_n but_o also_o stone_n be_v make_v for_o if_o the_o dryness_n prevail_v stone_n be_v beget_v but_o if_o the_o unctuous_a humidity_n be_v predominant_a than_o metal_n be_v beget_v plato_n aristotle_n and_o their_o follower_n be_v of_o this_o opinion_n from_o the_o abundance_n of_o this_o pure_a and_o shine_a moisture_n make_v solid_a proceed_v the_o lustre_n of_o metal_n in_o who_o of_o all_o the_o element_n water_n be_v experimental_o know_v to_o be_v most_o predominant_a and_o therefore_o they_o run_v and_o be_v dissolve_v by_o the_o fire_n from_o the_o various_a temperament_n and_o purity_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a matter_n come_v the_o divers_a kind_n of_o metal_n the_o most_o pure_a and_o fine_a of_o all_o which_o and_o as_o it_o will_v seem_v nature_n principal_a intention_n be_v gold_n many_o to_o avoid_v difficult_a dispute_n of_o this_o nature_n do_v hold_v with_o the_o vulgar_a that_o at_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n god_n almighty_n make_v the_o vein_n of_o metal_n in_o the_o same_o condition_n as_o we_o now_o find_v they_o at_o this_o day_n herein_o do_v nature_n a_o great_a affront_n by_o deny_v she_o without_o reason_n a_o productive_a virtue_n in_o this_o matter_n which_o be_v allow_v unto_o she_o in_o all_o other_o sublunary_a thing_n moreover_o that_o experience_n in_o divers_a place_n have_v manifest_v the_o contrary_a a_o clear_a example_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o ilva_n a_o island_n adjoin_v unto_o tuscany_n full_a of_o iron_n mine_n which_o when_o they_o have_v dug_n as_o hollow_a and_o as_o deep_a as_o they_o can_v the_o circumjacent_a earth_n fall_v in_o and_o fill_v they_o up_o again_o and_o in_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o or_o fifteen_o year_n at_o most_o they_o work_v those_o mine_n again_o and_o thence_o draw_v out_o abundance_n of_o metal_n which_o that_o new_a earth_n have_v be_v convert_v into_o many_o do_v think_v that_o the_o same_o happen_v in_o the_o rich_a hill_n of_o potosi_n at_o the_o least_o all_o of_o we_o know_v that_o the_o stone_n which_o divers_a year_n ago_o we_o have_v leave_v behind_o we_o think_v there_o be_v not_o plate_n enough_o in_o they_o to_o make_v it_o worth_a our_o labour_n we_o now_o bring_v home_o and_o find_v abundance_n of_o plate_n in_o they_o which_o can_v be_v attribute_v to_o nothing_o but_o to_o the_o perpetual_a generation_n of_o silver_n the_o alchemist_n a_o name_n grow_v odious_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o ignorant_a pretender_n to_o that_o art_n with_o more_o profound_a and_o practical_a philosophy_n have_v anatomize_v the_o mixture_n of_o nature_n and_o reduce_v they_o from_o their_o first_o principle_n and_o concern_v the_o matter_n of_o metal_n do_v discourse_n in_o the_o manner_n follow_v the_o sun_n say_v they_o and_o all_o the_o star_n with_o their_o light_n proper_a or_o borrow_v continual_o go_v round_o the_o earth_n do_v heat_n the_o same_o and_o with_o their_o subtle_a ray_n penetrate_v through_o its_o vein_n and_o we_o see_v thing_n long_o burn_v in_o the_o fire_n be_v convert_v into_o other_o terene_a substance_n as_o wood_n and_o stone_n into_o lime_n and_o ash_n so_o in_o like_a manner_n this_o earth_n calcine_v by_o the_o celestial_a body_n mingle_v and_o boil_v with_o water_n change_v itself_o into_o another_o kind_n of_o species_n that_o contain_v in_o itself_o something_o of_o the_o substance_n of_o salt_n and_o alum_n every_o day_n we_o see_v the_o same_o effect_n in_o the_o lees_n make_v of_o lime_n ash_n sweat_v and_o urine_n all_o which_o by_o boil_v get_v the_o taste_n of_o salt_n this_o first_o matter_n or_o foundation_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o metal_n be_v vitriol_n which_o be_v easy_a to_o believe_v since_o we_o see_v that_o all_o of_o they_o by_o art_n may_v be_v reduce_v thereunto_o and_o the_o manner_n of_o reduce_v some_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v declare_v hereafter_o this_o vitriol_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o subterranean_a fire_n and_o attraction_n of_o the_o heavenly_a send_v forth_o two_o fume_n or_o vapour_n the_o one_o earthy_a subtle_a and_o unctuous_a and_o something_o digest_v which_o the_o philosopher_n call_v sulphur_n because_o it_o have_v the_o quality_n thereof_o the_o other_o vapour_n be_v moist_a waterish_a slimy_a and_o mingle_v with_o very_o fine_a earth_n and_o this_o be_v the_o next_o matter_n whereof_o quicksilver_n be_v make_v if_o these_o two_o vaporous_a exhalation_n do_v find_v a_o
diminish_v the_o quantity_n proportional_o in_o such_o manner_n that_o it_o may_v go_v dry_a and_o not_o wet_a for_o so_o there_o will_v be_v no_o occasion_n for_o much_o lis_n and_o the_o pellet_n themselves_o will_v serve_v to_o get_v out_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o silver_n whereby_o the_o refine_n will_v be_v soon_o and_o most_o secure_o perform_v if_o it_o be_v needful_a to_o refine_v with_o lime_n the_o rule_n already_o prescribe_v for_o material_n will_v not_o serve_v but_o the_o lime_n must_v be_v put_v in_o all_o at_o once_o and_o with_o it_o repass_v the_o caxon_n very_o well_o two_o or_o three_o day_n before_o you_o put_v in_o the_o quicksilver_n take_v especial_a care_n that_o you_o do_v not_o put_v in_o too_o much_o of_o it_o because_o it_o be_v the_o great_a hindrance_n that_o the_o quicksilver_n do_v not_o lay_v hold_n of_o the_o great_a plate_n and_o it_o be_v more_o hard_a to_o correct_v than_o other_o material_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o often_o repass_v the_o quick_a silver_n through_o the_o oar_n and_o the_o effect_n thereof_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_a end_n of_o let_v it_o soak_v through_o be_v to_o divide_v the_o quicksilver_n into_o several_a body_n that_o it_o may_v every_o where_o lie_v hold_v of_o the_o plate_n also_o with_o that_o motion_n it_o be_v heat_n and_o better_o dispose_v for_o the_o work_n and_o last_o of_o all_o by_o that_o frication_n the_o plate_n be_v cleanse_v and_o purify_v which_o be_v that_o they_o call_v waste_v the_o material_n all_o of_o they_o thing_n most_o necessary_a and_o important_a although_o they_o cause_v a_o unpardonable_a damage_n that_o have_v be_v the_o loss_n of_o many_o million_o in_o the_o waste_n and_o consumption_n of_o quicksilver_n for_o the_o repassing_n have_v be_v the_o foundation_n of_o this_o inconvenience_n by_o squeeze_v the_o quicksilver_n through_o the_o grosser_n and_o fine_a part_n of_o the_o meal_n into_o such_o little_a atom_n which_o they_o call_v lis_n that_o scarce_o have_v weight_n or_o dimension_n which_o when_o they_o wash_v the_o caxon_n do_v not_o fall_v down_o into_o the_o tub_n at_o the_o bottom_n but_o be_v over-drowned_n and_o mingle_v with_o the_o lamas_n or_o mud_n of_o the_o meal_n it_o stay_v and_o be_v cast_v away_o with_o they_o this_o inconvenience_n may_v be_v prevent_v by_o two_o caution_n the_o one_o be_v that_o the_o first_o and_o second_o day_n after_o the_o incorporate_n of_o the_o meal_n of_o oar_n in_o the_o caxon_n they_o give_v not_o above_o two_o gentle_a repassing_n so_o that_o the_o quicksilver_n may_v be_v divide_v but_o not_o into_o too_o small_a parcel_n because_o before_o it_o have_v get_v a_o good_a body_n of_o silver_n it_o be_v subject_a to_o part_v itself_o over_o fine_o the_o second_o be_v as_o abovesaid_a that_o they_o put_v in_o the_o other_o material_n dry_a and_o not_o wet_v with_o quicksilver_n put_v they_o in_o by_o little_a and_o little_a when_o most_o it_o be_v in_o the_o proportion_n one_o part_n of_o quicksilver_n to_o two_o of_o pellet_n let_v no_o body_n deceive_v themselves_o that_o although_o the_o meal_n in_o the_o caxon_n contain_v other_o material_n sufficient_a if_o it_o be_v much_o bathe_v with_o quicksilver_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v secure_v from_o the_o former_a inconvenience_n for_o contrariwise_o it_o will_v rather_o be_v subject_a to_o a_o great_a prejudice_n for_o of_o necessity_n the_o repassing_n will_v make_v lis_n and_o if_o it_o happen_v by_o some_o accident_n as_o it_o very_o well_o may_v that_o the_o material_n be_v quite_o consume_v instead_o of_o the_o lie_v make_v of_o they_o will_v remain_v only_a lis_n of_o quicksilver_n in_o the_o lie_v of_o plate_n there_o be_v not_o that_o danger_n that_o by_o the_o often_o repassing_n the_o silver_n shall_v be_v waste_v or_o consume_v rather_o it_o be_v thereby_o better_o refine_v and_o better_a embrace_v and_o unit_v itself_o with_o the_o quicksilver_n chap._n xviii_o of_o divers_a accident_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o way_n of_o refine_v by_o quicksilver_n and_o their_o remedy_n in_o the_o progress_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o refine_v divers_a accident_n be_v meet_v withal_o in_o the_o caxones_n or_o chest_n full_a of_o oar_n ground_n to_o be_v refine_v all_o which_o be_v discover_v only_o by_o the_o quicksilver_n which_o as_o in_o a_o glass_n represent_v the_o good_a or_o ill_a disposition_n of_o the_o metal_n which_o in_o themselves_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o fineness_n of_o the_o meal_n into_o which_o they_o be_v ground_n and_o a_o mixture_n of_o earth_n in_o the_o oar_n can_v be_v discern_v if_o the_o quicksilver_n be_v very_o much_o charge_v above_o what_o it_o ought_v with_o material_n that_o be_v to_o say_v lead_v tin_n iron_n or_o lime_n which_o the_o spaniard_n call_v quicksilver_n tocado_n it_o will_v not_o appear_v round_o but_o flat_v or_o rather_o prolong_v like_o little_a worm_n and_o if_o you_o stir_v it_o about_o the_o trey_n without_o water_n it_o will_v make_v drop_n with_o little_a tail_n and_o stick_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o trey_n and_o when_o it_o be_v of_o this_o condition_n it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o it_o be_v kill_v and_o its_o virtue_n obstruct_v from_o lay_v hold_n of_o the_o silver_n this_o evil_n be_v remedy_v by_o much_o repassing_n not_o without_o great_a cost_n and_o expense_n of_o time_n the_o quick_a and_o most_o efficacious_a remedy_n be_v copperas_n or_o the_o water_n thereof_o which_o i_o have_v show_v how_o to_o make_v and_o to_o keep_v in_o the_o 13._o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n put_v it_o into_o the_o caxones_n at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o you_o do_v the_o quicksilver_n and_o other_o refine_v material_n more_o or_o less_o according_a as_o there_o be_v occasion_n and_o you_o shall_v instant_o see_v the_o effect_n of_o it_o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v plain_a for_o as_o have_v be_v say_v copperas_n dissolve_v in_o water_n convert_v the_o base_a metal_n into_o true_a copper_n so_o that_o the_o quality_n of_o cold_a which_o they_o have_v before_o and_o wherewith_o they_o choke_v the_o quicksilver_n be_v turn_v into_o heat_n the_o property_n of_o copper_n it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o revive_v the_o quicksilver_n from_o hence_o be_v ground_v the_o practice_n of_o put_v copper_n ground_n small_a into_o the_o caxon_n which_o be_v find_v very_o profitable_a for_o the_o purpose_n aforesaid_a hence_o also_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o all_o oar_n of_o copper_n although_o it_o be_v rich_a be_v not_o proper_a to_o clear_a quicksilver_n with_o or_o to_o be_v use_v in_o the_o refine_v to_o make_v it_o aplomar_n unless_o it_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o verdigrease_n or_o copperas_n the_o same_o account_n may_v be_v give_v of_o the_o virtue_n that_o be_v find_v in_o those_o they_o call_v magistrate_n which_o they_o use_v in_o the_o refine_v to_o qualify_v the_o caxones_n with_o heat_n and_o to_o make_v they_o aplomar_n the_o which_o effect_n be_v produce_v from_o the_o burn_a copperas_n that_o be_v in_o it_o as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o their_o composition_n which_o for_o better_a satisfaction_n i_o shall_v here_o set_v down_o burn_v oar_n or_o copper_n and_o grind_v it_o well_o then_o with_o a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o salt_n knead_v it_o into_o a_o body_n together_o and_o have_v make_v it_o into_o loaf_n burn_v it_o again_o other_o do_v mingle_v but_o one_o part_n of_o salt_n with_o two_o part_n of_o copper_n oar_n which_o they_o make_v up_o into_o a_o body_n and_o burn_v and_o to_o one_o kintall_a of_o that_o beat_v to_o powder_n they_o add_v half_o a_o pound_n of_o file_n of_o latin_n another_o magistral_a be_v make_v of_o lamas_n relabes_fw-la and_o salt_n a_o equal_a portion_n of_o either_o sound_o burn_v together_o another_o be_v make_v of_o that_o oar_n wherewith_o they_o refine_v the_o relabes_fw-la and_o salt_n put_v together_o in_o equal_a portion_n another_o sort_n may_v be_v make_v of_o copper_n oar_n relabes_fw-la meal_n of_o that_o oar_n which_o be_v to_o be_v refine_v dross_n of_o iron_n and_o salt_n all_o put_v together_o in_o equal_a portion_n and_o burn_v in_o loaf_n another_o be_v make_v of_o three_o part_n of_o the_o lamas_n burn_v and_o one_o part_n of_o salt_n every_o one_o invent_v such_o like_a composition_n or_o proportion_n according_a to_o his_o own_o fantasy_n and_o experience_n the_o foundation_n of_o all_o these_o magistrale_n be_v the_o copperas_n which_o the_o fire_n produce_v in_o they_o as_o may_v be_v see_v and_o separate_v from_o they_o by_o whosoever_o shall_v please_v to_o go_v about_o it_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n that_o have_v be_v already_o deliver_v which_o seem_v to_o confirm_v that_o which_o pliny_n say_v treat_v of_o copper_n namely_o that_o it_o be_v beget_v of_o stone_n burn_v these_o magistrale_n be_v to_o be_v use_v with_o the_o same_o carefulness_n as_o have_v be_v