indured all labours and perils whatsoeuer Here à lso in Rome we may see certain drinking cups of steele dedicated in the temple of Mars the Reuenger But to come vnto the nature of yron herein appeareth still the same goodnesse of Nature that this mettall working such mischiefe as it doth should be reuenged of it selfe and receiue condigne punishment by the own rust See also the wonderful prouidence of Nature who maketh nothing in the world more subject to death and corruption than that which is most hurtfull and deadly to mankind As touching mines of yron ore they are to be found almost in euery country for there is not so much as the Island Ilua here within Italy but it breedeth yron And lightly wheresoeuer any such be they are easily found for the very leere of the earth resembling the colour of ore bewraieth where they lie And when it is found out they burn try and fine it as other veins of mettall Onely in Cappadocia there is some question and doubt made whether in the making of yron they be more beholden to the earth that yeeldeth the ore or to the water for the preparing and ordering of it for this is certain that vnlesse the vein of ore bee well drenched and soked with the water of one riuer there it will neuer yeeld yron out of the furnace As for the kinds of yron many they are and all distinct The first difference ariseth from the diuersity of the soile and climats where the mines be found for in some places the ground the position of the heauens do yeeld onely a soft ore and comming nearer to the substance of lead than yron in another the mettall is brittle and short standing much vpon a veine of brasse such as will not serue one whit for stroke and naile to bind cart-wheels withall which tire indeed would be made of the other that is gentle and pliable Moreouer some kind of yron there is that serueth onely if it be wrought in short and ' smal works as namely for nailes studs and tackes imploied about greeues and leg-harneis another againe that is more apt to take rust and canker than the rest Howbeit all the sorts of yron ore are termed in Latine Stricturae a word appropriat to this mettall to no other à stringenda acie i. of dazling the eies or drawing a naked sword But the furnace it self where the ore or yron stone is tried maketh the greatest difference that is for there in you shall haue to arise by much burning and fining the purest part thereof which in Latine is called Nucleus ferri i. the kernell or heart of the yron and it is that which we call steele and the same also of diuers sorts for the best is it that hardeneth the edge of any weapon or toole there is of it which serueth better for stithy or anuill heads the faces of hammers bits of mattocks and yron crowes But the most variety of yron commeth by the means of the water wherein the yron red hot is eftsoons dipped and quenched for to be hardened And verily water onely which in some place is better in other worse is that which hath innobled many places for the excellent yron that commeth from them as namely Bilbilis in Spaine and Tarassio Comus also in Italy for none of these places haue any yron mines of their owne and yet there is no talk but of the yron and steele that commeth from thence Howbeit as many kinds of yron as there bee none shall match in goodnesse the steele that commeth from the Ceres for this commoditie also as hard ware as it is they send and sell with their soft silks and fine surs in a second degree of goodnesse may be placed the Parthian yron And setting aside these two countries I know not where there be any bars or gads tempered of fine and pure steel indeed for all the rest haue a mixtue of yron more or lesse And generally in this West part of the world wherin wee liue all our steel is of a more soft and gentle temperature than that of the Leuant This goodnesse of steele in some countries ariseth from the nature of the mine as in Austrich in others from the handling and temperature thereof like as by quenching as I said before and namely at Sulmo where the water serueth especially for that purpose and no maruell for we see a great difference in whetting and sharpening the edge of any instrument between oyle whetstones that barbars vse and the common water grind-stones for surely the oilegiueth a more fine and delicat edge Furthermore this is strange that when the ore or vein is in the furnace it yeeldeth yron liquid cleare as water and afterwards being reduced into bars and gads when it is red hot it is spungeous and brittle apt to break or resolue into flakes And considering the difference that is betweene the nature of oile and water as I haue said this is to be obserued that the finer any edge tooles bee the manner is to quench them in oile for to harden the edge for feare lest the water should harden them ouer much and make the edge more ready to breake out into nickes than to bend and turne again But wonderfull it is aboue all that mans bloud should haue such a vertue in it as to be reuenged of the yron blade that shed it for being once embrued therin it is giuen euer after eftsoones to rust and canker Concerning the load-stone and the great concord or amity betweene yron and it I meane to write more amply in the due place Howbeit for the present thus much I must needs say that yron is the only mettall which receiueth strength from that stone yea and keepeth the same a long time insomuch as by vertue therof if it be once well touched rubbed withal it is able to take hold of other pieces of yron and thus otherwhiles we may see a number of rings hanging together in manner of a chaine notwithstanding they be not linked and inclosed one within another The ignorant people seeing these rings thus rubbed with the load-stone and cleauing one to another call it quick-yron Certes any wound made by such a toole are more eager and angry than by another This stone is to be found in Biskay scattered here and there in smal pieces by way of bubbation for that is the term they vse but it is not that true Magnet or load-stone indeed which growes in one continued rock And I wot not whether these be so good for glasse-makers and serueth their turn so well in melting their glasse as the other for no man yet hath made experiment therof But sure I am that if one do rub the edge back or blade of a knife therewith it doth impart an attractiue vertue of yron thereunto as well as the right Magnet An here I cannot chuse but acquaint you with the singular inuention of that great architect and master deuiser
In the ranke of these most memorable workes of man I may well raunge the mountaine that was digged through by the same Claudius Caesar for to void away the water out of the lough or meere Fucinus although this work was left vnfinished for hatred of his successour which I assure you cost an incredible and inenarrable sum of mony besides the infinit toil and labour of a multitude of workemen and labourers so many yeres together as well to force the water which came vpon the pioners from vnder the ground with deuise of engines and windles vp to the top of the hill whereas it stood vpon meere earth as to cut and hâ—…w through hard regs and rockes of flint and all this by candlelight within the earth in such sort that vnlesse a man had bin there to haue seene the manner of it vnpossible it is either to conceiue in mind or expresse with tongue the difficultie of the enterprise As for the peere and hauen at Ostia because I would make an end once of these matters I will not say a word thereof nor of the waies and passages cut through the mountaines ne yet of the mighty piles and damns to exclude the Tuscane sea for the Lucrine lake with so many rampiers and bridges made of such infinit cost Howbeit among many other miraculous things in Aegypt one thing more I will relate out of mine author Papyrius Fabianus a great learned Naturalist namely That marble doth grow daily in the quarries and in very truth the farmers of those quarries and such as ordinarily do labour and dig out stone do affirme no lesse who vpon their experience doe assure vs that looke what holes and caues be made in those rockes and mountaines the same will gather againe and fill vp in time which if it be true good hope there is that so long as marbles do liue excesse in building will neuer die CHAP. XVI ¶ The sundry kinds of the Load-stone and the medicines thereto depending NOw that I am to passe from marbles to the singular admirable natures of other stones who doubts but the Magnet or Loadstone will present it self in the first place for is there any thing more wonderfull and wherein Nature hath more trauelled to shew her power than in it True it is that to rockes and stones she had giuen voice as I haue already shewed whereby they are able to answer a man nay they are ready to gainsay and multiply words vpon him But is that all what is there to our seeming more dull than the stiffe and hard stone And yet behold Nature hath bestowed vpon it sence yea hands also with the vse thereof What can we deuise more stubborne and rebellious in the own kind than the hard yron yet it yeelds and will abide to be ordered for loe it is willing to be drawne by the load stone a maruellous matter that this mettall which tameth and conquereth all things els should run toward I wot not what and the nearer that it approcheth standeth still as if it were arrested and suffereth it selfe to be held therwith nay it claspeth and clungeth to it and will not away And hereupon it is that some call the load-stone Sideritis others Heracleos As for the name Magnes that it hath it tooke it as Nicander saith of the first inuentor and deuiser thereof who found it by his saying vpon the mountaine Ida for now it is to be had in all other countries like as in Spaine also and by report a neat-heard he was who as he kept his beasts vpon the foresaid mountaine might perceiue as he went vp and downe both the hob nailes which were in his shooes and also the yron picke or graine of his staffe to sticke vnto the said stone Moreouer Sotacus ascribeth and setteth downe fiue sundry kinds of the load-stone the first which commeth out of Aethyopia the second from that Magnesia which confineth vpon Macedonie and namely on the right hand as you go from thence toward the lake Boebeis the third is found in Echium a town of Boeotia the fourth about Alexandria in the region of Troas and the fift in Magnesia a country in Asia Minor The principall difference obserued in these stones consists in the sex for some be male others female the next lieth in the colour As for those which are brought out of Macedonie and Magnesia they be partly red and partly blacke The Boeotian loadstone standeth more vpon red than black contrariwise that of Troas is black and of the female sex in which regard it is not of that vertue that others be But the worst of all comes from Magnesia in Natolia and the same is white neither doth it draw yron as the rest but resembles the pumish stone In sum this is found by experience That the blewer any of these loadstones be the better they are and more powerful And the Ethyopian is simply the best insomuch as it is worth the weight in siluer found it is in Zimiri for so they cal the sandy region of Ethyopia which country yeeldeth also the sanguine load-stone called Haematites which both in color resembleth bloud and also if it be bruised yeeldeth a bloudy humour yea and otherwhiles that which is like to saffron As for the property of drawing yron this bloud-stone Haematides is nothing like to the loadstone indeed But if you would know and try the true Ethyopian Magnet it is of power to draw to it any of the other sorts of loadstones This is a generall vertue in them all more or lesse according to that portion of strength which Nature hath indued them withal That they are very good to put into those medicines which are prepared for the eies but principally they do represse the vehement flux of humors that fall into them beeing calcined and beaten into pouder they do heale any burne or scald To conclude there is another mountaine in the same Ehyopia and not far from the said Zimiris which breedeth the stone Theamedes that will abide no yron but rejecteth and driueth the same from it But of both these natures as well the one as the other I haue written oftentimes already CHAP. XVII ¶ Of certaine stones which will quickly consume the bodies that be laid therein Of others againe that preserue them a long time Of the stone called Assius and the medicinable properties thereof WIthin the Isle Scyros there is a stone by report which so long as it is whole sound will swim and flote vpon the water breake the same into small pieces it will sink Near vnto Assos a city in Troas there is found in the quarries a certaine stone called Sarcophagus which runneth in a direct veine and is apt to be clouen and so cut out of the rocke by flakes The reason of that name is this because that within the space of forty daies it is knowne for certaine to consume the bodies of the dead which are bestowed therein skin flesh and
Vespasian the Emperour a stately piece of worke 581. f Temple of Fortuna Sera built by Nero the Emperor all of Phengites stone 592. m Tephria what kind of Marble 573 c Tephritis a pretious stone 629. f. the description ibid. Tepula a water seruing Rome 585. d Terebinth or Terpontine tree what medicinable vertues it hath 181. c Terpentine rosin is the best 182. k. good to nourish the body and make it fat ibid. l Terra Sigillata or Lemnia 529 a. it was sealed in old time and thereupon called Sphragis ib. the medicinable vertues thereof 529. a Terraces whose inuention 596. i for Tertian agues what remedies are conuenient 70. l 112 g. 122. k. 125 a. 126. k. l. 205. b. 223. d. 260. h. k 287. c. d. 302. h. 309. e. 310. i. 391. c. 403. b. 424. i 446. i. Testiculus Canis an hearb 279. d. the description ib. a double root it hath like to dog stones ib. the different vertue and operation of these roots ib. Tetheae what fishes 442. k. their description and vertues medicinable 443. c. d Tetradoron what kind of bricke 555. d Tetragnathium a kind of Phalangium or venomous spider 360. k. the manner of their pricke and the accidents ensuing thereupon ibid. Tetters called Lichenes disfiguring the face how cured 156. g. 173. a. 183. c. 192. 〈◊〉 244. l m. 245 a. b. 377. c. e 556. l. 557. d. 560 h. for other tettars meet remedies 36. g. 45 c. 49. e. 52. i. 56. k 72. g. 75. b. 103. b. 124. h. 128. k. 142. l. 143. c. 144. l 146. i. 157. c. 166 l. m. 168. k. 169 a. 172 i. 187 e 252. h. 300. i. 413. b. 419. b. Teuca queene of the Illyrians put Romane embassadours to death 491. f Teucer a famous grauer 484 g Teucria an hearb 247. b. a speciall hearb for the liuer ib. Teucrion an hearb why so called 216. l. the description and vertues ibid. m T H Thalassegle what hearbe 203. e. why called Potamantis ib. the strange effects thereof ibid. Thalassomeli a syrrup how to be made 413. d. e. the singular vertues thereof ibid. Thalietrum or Thalictrum an hearbe 291. a. the description and vertue ibid. Thapsia an hearbe the root whereof is medicinable 245. b. Theamides contrary in nature to the Loadstone and reieteth yron 587. c Theangelis a magicall hearbe and the vertues thereof 203. f. Theatre of M. Scaurus a most wonderfull and sumptuous piece of worke 583. e. with the description thereof ib. Thebais salt for what infirmities good 419. b Thebes a city in Aegipt built hollow vpon vaults 580. h it had about it an hundred gates ibid. Thelygonum what hearbe 257. d. the vertues that it hath 268. h Thelyphonon what hearbe 230. l. the description ib. l. m the reason of the name ib. Thelypteris a kind of Fearne 281. d Themison a professour in Physicke 344. i. he wrote a Treatise in praise of Plantaine 223. b scholler to Asclepiades ib. he reiected his masters Physicke and brought in new 344. i Theodorus a writer in Physicke 52. i Theodorus a most curious and fine Imageur and grauer in brasse 503. a. he cast his owne image and a coach c. most artificially ibid. Theodorus one of the Architects that built the Labyrinth in Lemnos 579. c Theodorus a painter for what pictures hee was famous 550. h. i. Theombrotion a magicall hearbe described 203. c the nature thereof ibid. Theomenes his opinion as touching Amber 606. l Theon a painter and his workes 550. i Theophrastus his opinion of Amber 606. k Theophrastus wrote of floures and hearbes 82. l Theriace a kind of grape 148. i. the medicinable vertues thereof ibid. Theriaci what trosches 397. e. f. how they be made ib. their vse in preseruatiue antidots ib. Therionarca a magicall herbe the strange effects thereof 203. d. Therionarca another herbe described 229. c the reason of the name and the effects that it hath ib. Theseus a picture of Euphranor his doing compared with another that Parasius made 547. d Thesium what hearbe 127. e Thesmophoria what feasts 187. b Thespiades the nine Muses wrought in brasse by Euthicratis 500. g Thespiades also engrauen in marble 570. g Thessalie practised Magicke whereupon Magicians were called Thessalians 377. i Thessalica a comedie of Menander detecting the vanities of Magicke 372. m Thessalus a Physician 344. l when he flourished ibid. he altered the Physicke of his predecessors 344. m he inveâ—…ghed openly against them ib. he entituled himselfe vpon his tombe Iatronices 345. a Theudactylos a pretious stone 930. h Theutalis an herbe 287. a Thiatis what moneth in Aegipt 286. g against Thirstinesse appropriat remedies 43. b. 51. e. 60. h. i 67. b. 70. g. 73. a. 120. h. 129. b. 171. c. 275. e 624. g. Tâ—…laspi or Thlaspe what herbe 291 a of two kinds ibid. their description ib. why so called ibid. Thorne Arabian the medicinable vertues that it hath 194. i. Thracia a pretious stone of three kinds 629. f Thracian stone soonest burneth by the meanes of water 472. h. Thrasillus a writer in Physicke 435. d Three-leafe grasse See Trefoile and Clauer a fish bone slicking in the Throat how to be remoued 302. l 328. k. Throat swelled how to be assuaged 158. i Throat sore and exulcerat how to be healed 418. h. 328. i 378. g. 589. b. 609. b. for Throat infirmities generall remedies 41. f. 59. e. 74. k 120. h. 123. c. 157. b. 180. l. 245. b. 246 i. 317. a 328. i. Thryallis what herbe 230. k Thumbe of of K. Pyrrhus medicinable 295. f Thumbe hending downward a signe of approbation 297. d Thurtanus a famous potter 553 a he made the Image in the Capitoll of Iupiter in clay ib. Thunderbolts do sent or smell of brimstone 557. a Thuscanica what petie images 494. g Rome full of them ibid. h. i Thyme of Attica is best and therfore the hony from thence is chiefe 90. k. l Thyme of two kinds ibid. k when it floureth and how ib. 107. c. d by it is knowne what a yere will be of hony ibid. the description and nature of Thyme 90. k the vertues 107. d running Thyme 75. d why it is called Serpyllum ib. wild Thyme where and how it groweth 31. c. d the properties that it hath 75. d Thymbraeum what herbe 233. e. the vertue ibid. Thysselium what herbe 233. e. the vertue ibid. Thystles and their sundry kinds 98. g. h Thystles wild of two sorts 78. l Thystles forbidden to be eaten by Roman Commoners 11. d T I Tiberius Caesar a grim sir yet delighted in pictures 527. f See Tyberius Tiâ—…r of Flax 4. i. k Tikes in dogs how to be killed 124. i Tikes highly esteemed by Magicians 387. b. c their fooleries in the vse of Tikes ibid. Timagoras an antient painter 537. d Timaeus a naturall Philosopher 666. i Timanthes an excellent painter 536. k. famous for the picture of Iphigenia in Aulides ib. a man of fine conceit ib. Timarete a paintresse
weapon what healing medecines they require 338. k Wounds occasioned by the whip or scourge together with the wales of their lashes remaining after blacke blew how to be healed 394. k Wound-hearbes and great healers 201 e. 202 g. 204. m 205 a 215 a. 264 l. 272 i. 273 d. 274 g. 275. f. W R Wrath and rigour of pimples how to be appeased 357. b 359. b. Wrestlers and champions what imageurs delighted to represent in brasse 503. e. f. 504. g Wrings in the bellie and guts how to be appeased 40. h 49 b. 57 d. 67 c. 75 c. 119 c. 128 m. 155 d. 160 k 165 b. 171 c. 173 f. 186 k. 188 i. 190 h. 193. c 195 d. 198 k. 202 g. 206 l. 219 e. 247 d. 249 b 250. g. k. l. 253 c. 274 l. 275 e. 277 a. 283 a. 287. f 289 d. 313 e. 318 l. 330 h. 331 c. 353 c. 383 b c 413 c. 419 c. 430 g 422 i. 431 a. 443 c e. See Bellie-ach W Y Wyne whether more wholesome or hurtfull to mans body 151. a. Wyne of Dates wherefore good 155. c of VVine Asclepiades compiled one entire treatise 151. b Wynes medicined with marble plastre and quickelime hurtfull 153. e Wyne tunned vp or delayed with sea-water 153. e touching Wines which be best great varietie and discension of anthours 151. b c what VVyne is most wholesome 153. e Wynes dressed with rosin how they be wholesome and how hurtfull ibid. Wyne Falerne the properties thereof 151. d the discommodities that it bringeth 151. e Wyne Albane the operations of it and the discommodities ibid. Wynes Helvenaca 154. h Wyne Surrentine wholesome 151. e Wyne Coecubum out of vse ibid. Wyne Sâ—…tine the vertues thereof ibid. Wyne wherein rosin hath beene newly put is vnwholsome 153. f. Wynes Statane their properties 151. f as touching the vertues of VVyne in generall a discourse 152. g. the conuenient time to drinke VVyne 155. a Asclepiades his proud praise of VVyne 151. h Wynes artificiall needlesse and superfluous 155. b which Wyne beareth most water 152. i what VVynes least inebriat ibid. which be easiest of concoction ibid. what VVynes be not nutritiue ibid. which most vnwholesome 152. k Wynes not to be mixed 152. l VVyne drunke vpon an emptie stomacke hurtfull both to body and mind 152. m. 153. a Wyne Merum what it is and the operation thereof 153. b when VVyne is to be delayed with water ibid. Wyne in what measure and proportion to water wee ought to drinke 155. b Wyne somewhat delaied with water wherefore good 153. b what persons may drinke VVyne 155. 〈◊〉 the drinking of wyne hindreth the growth of certain beasts as apes c. 153. d Wyne of Campaine for gentlemens tables 153. d mixing bruing and medecining wynes vnwholesome 153. e Wynes prepared with pitch alone 154. g Wyne Picatum what it is 154. h whether Wyne may be giuen to a patient in an ague or no 154. h. whether women in childbed may drinke Wyne 154. i who are forbidden and in what cases to drinke Wyne 154. i X A XAnthus an ancient Chronicler 211. b Xanthus a pretious stone See Henui X E Xenocrates an imageur and writer of imagerie 503. b X I Xiphion what herbe 233. b. the description ibid. X Y Xyris a wild floure-deÌ„-lis the vertues that it hath 105. e to be vsed with great ceremony ibid. Xystion a gem common among the Indians 622. Y A YArrow an herbe 201 e. the description thereof and the vertues ibid. why it is called Myriophyllon Millefolium and Millefoile ibid. mans Yard exulcerat how to be healed 272. i Y C Yce water what is to be thought of it 406 g h Y E Yeels wearing earings taking meat at mans hand 428. l Yellow colour very ancient 89. m Yest See Barme Yeugh tree the vertues that it hath 195. f Yex or Yox by what meanes it is staied 50. g. 59. e. 66. h 67. c. 76. a. 102 g. 130. g. 155. e. 218. l. 248. h. 274. l 289 d. 304 k. 342 h. 431 c. 444. h. Y N Ynke-blurs how to be taken out 306. b Y O Youth and youthfull countenance how it may be preserued 65. c. 101. b. 167. b. Y R Yron praised and dispraised 513. c. d. e Yron scales the medicinable vses thereof 516. i of Yron and steele the vse in Physicke 515. 〈◊〉 Yron how preserued from rust ibid. d Yron forbidden but in tillage of the ground 513. e quicke Yron what it is 515. b of Yron and steele drinking cups 514. g Yron reuenged of it selfe by the rust 514. g Yron mines in all countries to be found 514. b Yron ore how to be burnt tried and fined ibid. Yron tried by the means of one onely riuer in Cappadocia 514. h. of Yron sundry sorts 514. h. i. k Yron better or worse by reason of the water 514. k for good Yron and steele countries renowmed ibid. of Yron sundry degrees in goodnesse 413. k. l edged tooles of Yron how to be hardened 513. m Yron blade hauing once shed mans bloud giuen euer after to rust and canker 515. a Yron what vertue it receiueth from the loadstones ibid. Yvorie See Elephants tooth Yuray See Darnell Z A ZAchalias a Babylonian and writer in magicke 627. e Zanthenes a pretious stone 630. g Zaratus a magitian 37â—… i Zarmocenidas a magitian ibid. Z E Zea or Spelt a graine what vertue it hath in Physicke 138. l. Zedoarium See Setwall and Phu Zeno the Philosopher his image Cato would not sell with other pillage 504. m Zenodorus an excellent imageur and engrauer 496. g he made the Colosse of Mercâ—…rie at Auvergne in France ibid. how long hee was about it and what paiment hee had for it 496. h Zenon a writer in Physicke 131. e Zenathemis a writer in Naturall Philosophie 606. h Zeros a pretious stone 623. c Zenxis a most renowmed painter 534 h. whon he flourished ibid. his praise ib. i. his wealth ibid. his bountifull mind and high opinion of his owne pictures ibid. his Mot vnder Penelope by him drawne in a picture ib. his other works 534. l what was his faults 534 l. 535. a. b. c Z M Zmilaces a pretious stone 630. g Zmilus one of the architects that made the Labyrinth in Lemnos 579. c Z O Zoophthalmos what herbe 237. c Zopirus a notable grauer 483. f two cups of his making of great price ibid. Zopissa what it is 184. g. which is best ib. the vertues ibid. Zoroastres first practised art Magicke 372. h Zoronisios the Magicians gem 630. g Z V Zura what it is 145. b Z Y Zythus a kind of ale or drinke made of corne 145. b An Aduertisement WHereas in the former edition this page was stuffed full of Errata which were occasioned by reason of the various matter and words vsed in this Historie not common obvious in other Authors such care in this second Edition hath beene taken as that they haue all beene amended whereby
and Acacia 13. Of the common and wild thistle of Ery sisceptrum of the thorne or thystle Appendix of Pyxacanthum or the Barbarie tree of Paliurus of the Holly of the Eugh tree and other bushes with their vertues in Physicke 14. Of the sweet Brier or Eglantine of the Respâ—…ce bush of the white bramble Rhamnus of Lycium of Sarcocolla of the composition named Oporice and all their medicines 15. Of Germander of Perwinke or Lowrie of 〈◊〉 or Oliuell of Chamaesyce of ground yvie of Lauander Cotton of Ampeloprasos or Vine Porret of Stachys or wild Sauge of Clinopodium or Horse-time of Cudweed of Perwinke of Aegypt and their properties 16. Of Wake-Robin of Dragonwort or Serpentine of the garden the greater Dragon-wort of Arisaron of yarrow and Millefoile of bastard Nauew of Myrrhis and Onobrychis with their vertues 17. Of Coriacesia Callicia and Menais with three and twentie other hearbes and their properties which are held by some to serue in Magick Of Considia and Aproxis with others that reduce and reuiue loue againe 18. Of Eriphia Lanaria and water Yarrow with their vertues 19. Of the herbes that growe vpon the head of statues and Images of the hearbes that come out of riuers of the herbe called Lingua simply i. the tongue of herbes growing within sieues and vpon dnnghils of Rhodora of the herbe Impia i. the child before the parents of the herbe Pecten veneris of Nodia of Cleiuers or Goose Erith of Burs of Tordile of Dent de chien or Quiches of Dactylus and Fenigreek with their vertues In summe herein are comprised medicines stories and obseruations a thousand foure hundred and eighteene collected out of Latine Authors C. Volgius Pompeius Lenaeus Sextius Niger and Iulius Bassus who wrate both in Greeke Antonius Castor M. Varro Cornelius Celsus and Fabius Forreine Writers Theophrastus Apollodorus Democritus Orpheus Pythagoras Mago Menander the author of the booke Biochresta Nicander Homer Hesiodus Museus Sophocles and Anaxilaus Physitians Mnestheus Callimachus Phanias the naturall Philosopher Simo Timaristus Hippocrates Chrysippus Diocles Ophion Heraclides Hicesius Dionysius Apollodorus of Cittia Apollodorus the Tarentine Praxagoras Plistonicus Medius Dieuchus Cleophantus Philistio Asclepiades Cratevas Petronius Diodotus Iolla Erasistratus Diagoras Andreas Mnesicles Epicharmus Damion Sosimenes Theopolemus Solon Lycus Metrodorus Olympias the Midwife of Thebes Phyllinus Petreius Miction Glaucia and Xenocrates ¶ IN THE XXV BOOKE ARE CONTAINED the natures of hearbes and weeds that come vp of themselues The reputation that hearbes haue been of When they began first to be vsed Chap. 1. The properties and natures of wild herbes growing of their owne accord 2. What Authours haue written in Latine of the nature and vse of hearbes When the knowledge of simples began first to be practised at Rome What Greeke Authours first wrote of herbes the inuention and finding out of sundry hearbes the Physicke of old time What is the cause that Simples are not so much in request and vse for Physicke as in old time The medicinable vertues of the Eglantine and Serpentary or Dragon 3. Of a certaine venomous fountaine in Almaine the vertues and properties of the herbe Britannica what diseases cause the greatest paines 4. Of Moly of Dodecatheos of Paeonium named otherwise Pentorobus and Glycyside of Panace or Asclepios of Heraclium of Panace Chironeum of Panace Centaureum or Pharnaceum of Heraclium Siderium of Henbane 5. Of the herbe Mercurie female of Parthenium of Hermu-Poea or rather Mercurie of Yarow of Panace Heracleum of Sideritis of Millefoile of Scopa regio of Hemionium Teucrium Splenium Melampodium or blacke Ellebore and how many kinds there be of them The medicinable vertues of blacke and white Ellebore when Ellebore is to be giuen how it is to be taken to whom it is not to be giuen also that it killeth Mice and Rats 6. Of Mithridatium of Scordotis or Scordium of Polemonia otherwise called Philetaeria or Chiliodynama of Eupatorie or Agrimonie of great Centaurie otherwise called Chironium of the lesse Centaurie or Libadium called Fel Terrae i. the gall of the Earth Of Triorches and their vertues 7. Of Clymenus Gentian Lysimachia and Parthenius or Motherwort Mugwort Ambrose Nenuphar Heraclium and Euphorbia with all their vertues medicinable 8. Of Plantaine Buglosse Hounds tongue Oxe-eye or May weed of Scythica Hippice and Ischaemon of Betonie Cantabrica Settarwort of Dittander or Hiberis of Celendine the greater Celendine the lesse or Pilewort of Canaria of Elaphoboscos of Dictamnum of Aristolochia or Hartwort how fishes will come to it for loue of bait and so are soone caught The counterpoysons against stinging of serpents by these herbes abouenamed 9. Of Argemonia of Agaricke Echium Henbane Vervaine Blattaria Lemonia Cinquefoile Carot Persalata the Clot Burre Swines bread or Cyclaminus Harstrang all very good for the sting of serpents 10. Of Danewort or Walwort of Mullin of Thelyphonon Remedies against the sting of Scorpions the biting of Toades and mad Dogs and generally against all poysons 11. Receits and remedies against head-ach and diseases of the head 12. Of Centaurie Celendine Panace and Henbane and Euphorbium all soueraigne medicines for the eies 13. Of Pimpernell or Corchorus of Mandragoras or Circeium of Henbane of Crethmoagrion of Molybdaena of Fumiterre of Galengale of Floure de lis of Cotyledon or Vmbilicus Veneris of Housleeke or Sengreene of Pourcellane of Groundswell of Ephemerum of great Tazill of Crow-foot which affourd medicines against the infirmities and diseases of the eyes eares nosthrils teeth and mouth In summe this Booke doth yeeld of medicines stories and obseruations a thousand two hundred ninetie and two Latine Authours cited M. Varro C. Volgius Pompeius Lenaeus Sextius Niger and Iulius Bassus who both wrote in Greeke Antonius Castor and Cornelius Celsus Forreine Writers Theophrastus Apollodorus Democritus king Iuba Orpheus Pythagoras Mago Menander who wrote Biochresta Nicander Homer Hesiodus Musaeus Sophocles Xanthus and Anaxilaus Physitians Mnestheus Callimachus Phanias the naturall Philosopher Timaristus Simus Hippocrates Chrysippus Diocles Ophion Heraclides Hicesius Dionysius Apollodorus the Tarentine Praxagoras Plistonicus Medius Dieuches Cleophantus Philistio Asclepiades Cratevas Iolla Erasistratus Diagoras Andreas Mnesicles Epicharmus Damion Theopolemus Metrodorus Solon Lycus Olympias the midwife of Thebes Phyllinus Petreius Miction Glaucias and Xenocrates ¶ IN THE XXVI BOOKE ARE CONTAIned the medicines for the parts of mans bodie Chap. 1. Of new maladies and namely of Lichenes what they be and when they began to raign in Italie first Of the Carbuncle of the white Morphew or Leprosie called Elephantiasis and of the Collicke 2. The praise of Hippocrates 3. Of the new practise in Physicke of the Physician Asclepiades and by what meanes hee abolished the old manner of practise and set vp a new 4. The superstitious follie of Magicke is derided Also a discourse touching the foule tettar called Lichenes the remedie thereof and also the infirmities of the throat and chawes 5. Receits and remedies against the kings euil also for
docilitie and gentlenesse of some fish where they will come to hand and take meat at a mans hand in what countries fishes serue in stead of oracles 3. Of those fishes that liue both on land and water the medicines and obseruations as touching Castoreum 4. Of the sea Tortoise many vertues medicinable obserued in sundry fishes 5. Receits of medicins taken from water creatures digested and set in order according to sundry diseases first against poyson and venomous beasts 6. Of Oisters Purple shell-fishes sea-weeds called Reits their vertues medicinable 7. Medicins against the shedding of the haire how to fetch haire againe also against the infirmities of eies ears teeth and to amend the vseemely spots in the face ly 8. Many medicins set down together vnorder 9. Remedies for the diseases of the liuer and sides stomacke and bellie others also disorderly put downe 10. Against feuers and agues of all sorts and many other infirmities 11. A rehearsall of all creatures liuing in the sea to the number of 122. In summe ye hauehere medicines stories and obseruations 928. Latine Authors Licinius Macer Trebius Niger Sexitius Niger who wrote in Greeke Ovid the Poet Cassius Hemina Mecanas and L. Atteius Forreine Writers K. Iuba Andreas Salpe Pelops Apelles of Thasos Thrasillus and Nicander ¶ THE XXXIII BOOKE DECLARETH the natures of Mettals Chap. 1. In what estimation were the mines of gold at the first in the old world the beginning of gold rings the proportion of gold that our ancestors had in their treasure the degree of knights or gentlemen at Rome the priuiledge to weare gold rings and who only might so do 2. The courts and chambers of judges or justices at Rome how often the gentlemen of Rome and men of armes changed their title the presents giuen to valiant souldiours for their braue seruice in the wars the first crowns of gold that were seene 3. The ancient vse of gold besides both in men women of the golden coine when copper and brasse money was first stamped when gold and siluer was put into coine before mony was coined how they vsed brasse for exchange in old time At the first taxation and leuie made of Tribute what was thought to be the greatest wealth and at what rate were the best men sessed How often and at what time gold grew into credit and estimation 4. The mines of gold and how naturally it is found when the statue or image of gold was first seene medicinable vertues in gold 5. Of Borras and six properties of Borras in matters of Physicke the wonderfull nature that it hath to soder all mettals and giue them their perfection 6. Of Siluer Quick-siluer Antimonie or Alabaster the drosse or refuse of siluer also the scum or some of siluer called Litharge 7. Or Vermilion in what account it was in old time among the Romanes the inuention thereof of Cinnabaris or Sangdragon vsed in painting and Physick diuers sorts of vermillion and how painters vse it 8. Of Quicksiluer artificiall the maner of gilding siluer of touchstones diuers experiments to trie siluer the sundry kinds therof 9. Of mirroirs or looking-glasses of the siluer in Aegypt 10. Of the excessiue wealth of some men in money who were reputed for the richest men when it was that at Rome they began to make largesse and scatter money abroad to the commons 11. Of the superfluitie of coine and the frugalitie of others as touching siluer plate beds and tables of siluer when began fitst the making of excessiue great and massiue platters and chargers of siluer 12. Of siluer statues the grauing and chasing in siluer other workmanship in that mettall 13. Of Sil of Azur of superfice Azur named Nestorianum also of the Azur called Coelum that euery yere these kinds be not sold at one price This booke hath in it of medicines stories and obseruations 1215. Latine Authors alledged L. Piso Antius Verrius M. Varro Cor. Nepos Messula Rufus Marsus the Poet Buthus Iulius Bassus and Sextius Niger who wrote both of Physicke in Greeke and Fabius Vestalis Forreine Writers Democritus Metrodorus Sceptius Menaechmus Xenocrates and Antigonus who wrate all three of the feat and skill of grauing chasing and embossing in mettall Heliodorus who wrote a booke of the rich ornaments and oblations of the Athenians Pasiteles who wrote of wonderfull pieces of worke Nymphodorus Timaeus who wrate of Alchymie or minerall Physicke Iolla Apollodorus Andreas Heraclydes Diagoras Botryensus Archimedes Dionysius Aristogenes Democritus Mnesicles Attalus the Physician Xenocrates the sonne of Zeno and Theomnestes ¶ THE XXXIIII BOOKE TREATETH of other Mettals Chap. 1. Mines of Brasse Copper Iron Lead Tin 2. Sundry kinds of Brasse namely Corinthian Deliacke and Aegineticke 3. Of goodly candlesticks other ornaments of temples 4. The first images made at Rome the originall of statues the honour done to men by statues sundry sorts and diuers forms of them 5. Of statues pourtraied in long Robes and of many others who first erected images vpon columnes and pillars at Rome when they were allowed first at the cities charges also what maner of statues the first wer at Rome 6. Of statues without gowne or cassocke and some other the first statue pourtraied on horsebacke at Rome when the time was that all Images as well in publike places as priuat houses were abolished at Rome and put downe what women at Rome were allowed to haue their statues and which were the first erected in publike place by forrein nations 7. The famous workemen in making casting Images the excessiue price of Images of the most famous and notable colosses or gyant-like images in the citie of Rome 8. Three hundred sixtie and six peeces of work wrought in brasse by most curious and excellent artificers 9. What difference there is in Brasse the diuers mixtures with other mettals how to keepe brasse 10. Of Brasse ore called Cadmia and for what it is good in Physicke 11. The refuse or scum of Brasse Verdegris the skales of brasse and copper steele copper rust or Spanish greene of the collyrie or eye-salue called Hieracium 12. Of a kinde of Verdegris named Scolecia of Chalcitis i. red Vitrioll Mysy Sory and Copporose or Vitrioll i. blacke Nil 13. Of the foile of Brasse named white Nil or Tutia of Spodium Antispodium of Diphryges and the Trient of Servilius 14. Of Iron and mines of Iron the difference also of Iron 15. Of the temperature of Iron the medicinable vertues of Iron and the rust of Brasse and Iron the skales of Iron and the liquid plastre named of the Greekes Hygemplastrum 16. The mines of Lead of white and blacke Lead 17. Of Tin Of Argentine Tin and some other minerals 18. Medicins made of Lead refuse of Lead of Lead ore of Ceruse or Spanish white of Sandaricha of red Orpiment In summe here are contained natable matters stories and obseruations 815. Latine Authours cited L. Piso Antias Verrius M. Varro Messala Rufus Marsus the
23. Of Cesterns of Limestone sundry sorts of sand the tempering of sand and lime for mortar the ill building of some walls of parget and roughcast also columnes and buttresses in building 24. The medicinable vertues of Quickelime of Maltha and Plaster 25. Of pauements when they were first vsed at Rome of terraces and paued floores lying open to the aire aboue of certaine pauements called Graecanica and when arched and embowed worke first began 26. The first inuention of glasse the manner of making it of a kind of glasse called Obsidianum sundry sorts of glasse in great varietie 27. Wonderfull operations of fire the vertues thereof medicinable and the prodigious significations and presages by fire In summe here you may find medicines stories and obseruations in all 523. Latine Authors M. Varro Caelius Galba C. Ictius Mutianus Cor. Nepos L. Piso Tubero Seneca Fabius Vastalis Annius Faecialis Fabius Cato Censorius and Vitruvius Forreine Writers Theophrastus Praxitiles K. Iubn Nicander Sotacus Sudines Alexender Polyhistor Apion Plistonicus Duris Herodotus Euemerus Aristagoras Dionysius Artemidorus Butoridas Antisthenes Democritus Demoteles and Lyceas ¶ IN THE XXXVII BOOKE IS DECLARED the originall of pretious stones Chap. 1. The pretious stone of Polycrates the tyrant also of K. Pyrrhus who were the best lapidaries could cut excellently wel in stone the first man that at Rome ware a pretious stone vpon his finger 2. The rich stones that were shewed in the triumph of Pompey the Great the nature and vertues of the Crystall stone the costly vessels made thereof and the superfluous expence that way when the vessels of Cassidoine called Myrhhina were first inuented the wastfull expence in them the nature and properties of them what lies the Greekes haue told as touching Amber 3. The true original and beginning of Amber the medicinable vertues thereof the sundry kinds and the excessiue cost that folke were at to get them of Lincurium and the preperties of it 4. Of Diamonds and their kinds their vertues also of Pearls 5. Of the Hemerauld and diuers sorts of it of other greene pretious stones cleare and transparant 6. Of the true Opall stones their diuers kinds and which be counterfeit the meanes how to try them also of diuers other rich stones 7. Of Rubies and carbuncles which be counterfeit the waies to proue whether they be good or no. Also of other ardent stones like fire 8. Of the Topaze and all the kinds of the Turquois of other greene stones that bee not cleare through 9. Sundry sorts of the Iasper stone 10. Of cerraine pretious stones set downe in order according to the Alphabet 11. Of some pretious stones which take their denomination of the parts of mans bodie also from other liuing creatures of those which haue the names from other things 12. Of other new stones growing naturally of counterfeit and artificiall stones of their sundry formes and fashions 13. The manner and way how to proue fine stones from other In summe here are to be read of notable matters worthy histories and speciall obseruations to the number of 1300 gathered out of Latine Authours M. Varro the Records of Romane triumphs Mecoenas Iacchus and Cornelius Bocchus Forreine Writers K. Iuba Xenocrates the disciple of Zeno Sudines Aeschylus Philoxenus Euripides Nicander Satyrus Theophrastus Chares Philomenes Democrates Xenotimus Metrodorus Sotacus Pytheas Timaeus the Sicilian Niceas Theocrestus Asaruba Mnasea Theomenes Ctesias Mithridates Sophocles K. Archelaus Callistratus Democritus Ismenias Olympicus Alexander Polyhistor Apion Horus Zoroastres and Zactalias THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE HISTORIE OF NATVRE WRITTEN BY C. PLINIVS SECVNDVS CHAP. I. ¶ Whether the World be finite and but one THE World and this which by another name men haue thought good to call heauen vnder the pourprise and bending cope whereof all things are emmanteled and couered beleeue we ought in all reason to be a God eternall vnmeasurable without beginning and likewise endlesse What is without the compasse hereof neither is it fit for men to search nor within mans wit to reach and conceiue Sacred it is euerlasting infinit all in all or rather it selfe all and absolute finite and limited yet seeming infinite in all motions orderly and certaine how beit in shew and iudgement of man vncertaine comprehending and containing all whatsoeuer both without and within Natures worke and yet very Nature it selfe producing all things Great folly it is then and meere madnesse that some haue deuised and thought in their minde to measure it yea and durst in writing set down the dimensions thereof that others againe by occasion hereupon taken or giuen haue deliuered and taught That worlds there were innumerable as if we were to beleeue so many natures as there were Heauens or if all were reduced to one yet there should be so many Sunnes and Moones neuerthelesse with the rest also of those vnmeasurable and innumerable starres in that one as though in this pluralitie of worlds we should not alwaies meet with the same question still at euery turne of our cogitation for want of the vtmost and some end to rest vpon or if this infinitenesse could possibly be assigned to Nature the worke-mistresse and mother of all the same might not be vnderstood more easily in that one Heauen which wee see so great a worke especially and frame as it is Now surely a fantasticall folly it is of all other follies to go forth of it and so to keepe a seeking without as if all things within were well and clearely knowne already as who would say a man could take the measure iust of any third thing who knoweth not his owne or the minde of man see those things which the very World it selfe may not receiue CHAP. II. ¶ Of the forme and figure of the World THat the forme of heauen is round in fashion of an absolute and perfect globe the name thereof principally and the consent of all men agreeing to call it in Latine Orbis i. a roundle as also many naturall reasons do euidently shew to wit not onely for that such a figure euery way falleth and bendeth vpon it selfe is able to beare and vphold it selfe includeth and compriseth it selfe hauing need thereto of no ioints as finding in any part thereof no end nor beginning or because this forme agreeth best to that motion whereby euer and anon it must turne about as hereafter it shall appeare but also because the eiesight doth approue the same in that look which way soeuer you will thereupon it seemeth to bend downeward round and euen on all sides shewing a iust Hemisphere a thing not incident possibly to any other figure CHAP. III. ¶ Of the motion of Heauen THat the world thus framed in a continuall and vncessant circuit with vnspeakable swiftnesse turneth round about in the space of foure and twenty houres the rising and setting ordinarily of the Sunne hath left cleare and doubtlesse Now whether it being in height infinite and therefore the sound of so huge a frame
that shake and tremble vnder mens feet as they go namely in the territorie of the Gabians not far from Rome there be almost two hundred acres of ground which tremble as horsemen ride ouer them And the like is in the territory of Reate CHAP. XCV ¶ Of Islands euer floting and swimming CErtaine Isles are alwaies wauing and nuer stand still as in the countrey about Caecubum Reate aboue named Mutina and Statonia Also in the lake Vadimonis and neer the waters Cutyliae there is a shadowie darke groue which is neuer seen in one place a day and night together Moreouer in Lydia the Isles Calanucae are not only driuen to fro by winds but also many be shoued and thrust with long poles which way a man will a thing that saued many a mans life in the war against Mithridates There be other little ones also in the Riuer Nymphaeus called Saltuares or Dancers because in any consort of Musitians singing they stir and moue at the stroke of the feet keeping time and measure In the great lake of Italy Tarquiniensis two Islands carry about with them groues and woods one while they are in fashion three square another while round when they close one to the other by the drift of winds but neuer fouresquare CHAP. XCVI ¶ In what lands it neuer raineth Also many strange wonders and miracles of the earth and other Elements heaped together PAphos hath in it a famous temple of Venice vpon a certain floure and altar whereof it neuer raineth Likewise in Nea a towne of Troas a man shall neuer see it raine about the Image of Minerua In the same also the beasts killed in sacrifice if they be left there neuer putrifie Neere to Harpasa a towne in Asia stands a rocke of stone of a strange and wonderfull nature lay one finger to it and it will stir but thrust at it with your whole body it moueth not at all Within the demy Island of the Tauri and city Parasinum there is a kinde of earth that healeth all wounds but about Assos in Troas there growes a stone wherewith bodies are consumed and therefore is called Sarcophagus Two hills there be neere the riuer Indus the nature of the one is to hold fast all manner of iron and of the other not to abide it wherefore if a mans shooe sole be clouted with hob nailes in the one of them a man cannot plucke away his foot and in the other he can take no footing at all Noted it is that in Locri and Crotone was neuer pestilence knowne nor any danger by earthquake And in Lycia euer after an earthquake it hath been faire for forty daies In the territorie of Arda if corne be sowed it neuer comes vp At the altars Murtiae in the Veientian field likewise in Tusculanum and the wood Cyminia there be certaine places wherein whatsoeuer is pitched into the ground can neuer be plucked vp againe In the Crustumine countrey all the hay there growing is hurtfull in the same place but being once without it is good and wholesome CHAP. XCVII ¶ What is the reason of the reciprocall ebbe and flow of the seas and where it is that they keepe no order and are without reason OF the nature of waters much hath bin said but the sea tide that it should flow and ebbe againe is most maruellous of all other the maner thereof verily is diuers but the cause is in the Sun and Moon Between two risings of the Moone they flow twice and twice go backe and alwaies in the space of 24 houres And first as he riseth aloft together with the world the tides swell and anon again as it goeth from the height of the Meridian line and enclineth Westward they slake again as she moueth from the West vnder our horizon and approcheth to the point contrarie to the Meridian they flow and then they are receiued backe into the sea vntill she rise again and neuer keepeth the tyde the same houre that it did the day before for it waiteth and attendeth vpon the planet which greedily draweth with it the seas and euer riseth to day in some other place than it did yesterday Howbeit the tides keepe iust the same time between and hold alwaies six houres apiece I meane not of euery day and night or place indifferently but only the equinoctial For in regard of houres the tides of the sea are vnequall forasmuch as by day and night the tydes are more or lesse one time than another in the equinoctial only they are euen and alike in all places A very great argument this is full of light to conuince that grosse and blockish conceit of them who are of opinion that the planets being vnder the earth lose their power and that their vertue beginneth when they are aboue only for they shew their effects as well vnder as aboue the earth as wel as the earth which worketh in all parts And plaine it is that the Moone performeth her operations as well vnder the earth as when we see her visibly aloft neither is her course any other beneath than aboue our horizon But yet the difference and alteration of the Moone is manifold and first euery seuen daies for whiles she is new the tides be but small vntill the first quarter for as she groweth bigger they flow more but in the full they swell and boile most of all From that time they begin again to be more milde and in the first daies of the wain to the seuenth the tides are equall and againe when she is diuided on the other side and but halfe Moon they increase greater And in the Coniunction or the change they are equall to the tides of the full And euidently it appeareth that when she is Northerly and retired higher farther from the earth the tides are more gentle than when she is gone Southerly for then she worketh neerer hand and putteth forth her full power Euery eight yere also after the hundreth reuolution of the Moone the seas returne to the beginning of their motions and to the like encrease and growth by reason that she augmenteth all things by the yerely course of the Sun forasmuch as in the two equinoctials they euer swel most yet more in that of the Autumne than the Spring but nothing to speak of in Mid-winter lesse at Mid-summer And yet these things fall not out iust in these very points and instants of the times which I haue named but some few daies after like as neither in the full nor in the change but afterward ne yet presently so soon as the heauen either sheweth vs the Moon in her rising or hideth her from vs at her setting or as shee declineth from us in the middle climat but later almost by two equinoctial hours Forasmuch as the effect of all influences and operations in the heauen reach not so soon vnto the earth as the eiesight pierceth vp to the heauen as it appeareth by lightnings thunders thunderbolts Moreouer
principall and chiefe in Senat to come to great riches by good and lawful means to leaue much faire issue behind him and to conclude to be simply the best man of all other and the principall person in the city To these perfections he and none but he since Rome was Rome attained Now to confute this were a long and needlesse piece of worke considering that one only mischance checked these fauors of Fortune and fully disproued all for the very same Metellus became blinde in his old age for hee lost his eies in a skare-fire at what time hee would haue saued and got away the Palladium i. Image of Minerua out of the temple of Vesta His act I confesse was vertuous and memorable but the event was ill for him and miserable In regard whereof I know not how he should be called vnhappy and wretched and yet I see not why he should be named happy and fortunate This I must needs say in conclusion that the people of Rome granted vnto him that priuiledge that neuer man in the world was knowne to haue namely to ride in his coach to the Senat house so oft as he sate at the councell table A great prerogatiue I confesse and most stately but it was allowed him for want of his eyes CHAP. XLIV ¶ Of another Metellus ASonne likewise of this Q. Metellus who gaue out those commendations aforesaid of his father may be put in the ranke of the most rare presidents of felicitie in this world for besides the most honorable dignities and promotions hee was aduanced vnto in his life time and the glorious addition and syrname of Macedonicus which he got in Macedonie when he was dead there attended vpon his dead corps at his funerals to inter him foure of his sons the one Pretor for the time being the other three had been Consuls in their time of these three two had triumphed in Rome and the third had been Censor These were points I may tell you of great note and regard and few men are to be found in comparison that can come to any one of them And yet see in the very prime and floure of all these honors it fortuned that Catinius Labeo syrnamed Macerio a Tribune or protector of the Commons whom he before by vertue of his Censorship had displaced out of the Senat waited his time when he returned about noone from Mars field and seeing no man stirring in the market place nor about the Capitoll tooke him away perforce to the cliffe Tarpeius with a full purpose to pitch him downe headlong from thence and to breake his necke A number came running about him of that crue and company which was woont to salute him by the name of Father but not so soone as such a case required considering this so sudden an occurrent and when they were come went but slowly about any rescue and kept a soft pace as if they had waited vpon some corps to a buriall and to make resistance and withstand perforce the Tribune armed as he was with his sacrosanct and inuiolable authoritie they had no warrant by Law insomuch as hee was like to haue perished and come to a present mischiefe euen for his vertue and faithfull execution of his Censorship had there not been one Tribune of ten found hardly and with much adoe to step between and oppose himselfe against his Collegue and so by good hap rescued him out of his clutches and saued him as it were at the very pits brinke euen from the vtter point of death And yet he liued afterwards of the courtesie and liberalitie of other men for why All his goods from that day forward were seised as forfeit and confiscate by that Tribune whom before-time he had condemned as if hee had not suffered punishment and sorrow enough at his hands to haue his necke so wrythed by him as that the bloud issued out at his very eares Certes for mine owne part I would reckon this for one of his crosses and calamities That hee was an enemie to the later Africanus Aemylianus euen by the testimonie and confession of Macedonicus himselfe for after the death of the said Africanus these were his words vnto his owne sonnes Go your waies sirs and do honour to his Obsequies for the funerall of a greater personage and a better Citisen shall you neuer see And this spake he to them when as they had conquered Creta and the Baleare Islands and thereof were syrnamed Creticus and Balearicus and had worne the lawrell diadem in triumph being himselfe already entituled with the stile of Macedonicus for the conquest of Macedonie But if we consider and weigh that onely wrong and iniurie offered him by the Tribune who is it that can iustly deeme him happy being exposed as he was to the pleasure mercy and force of his enemie far inferior to Africanus and so to come to confusion What were all his victories to this one disgrace what honors and triumphant chariots strooke not Fortune downe with her foot and ouerturned all againe or at least wise set not back again with this her violent course suffering a Roman Censor to be haled and tugged in the very heart of the city the only way indeed to bring him to his death to be harried I say vp to that capitoll hill there to make his end whither aforetime hee ascended tâ—…iumphant but neuer committed that outrage vpon those prisoners and captiues whom hee lead in triumph and for whose spoiles he triumphed as to hale and pull them in that rude sort And verily the greater was this outrage and seemed the more heinous in regard of the felicity that afterward ensued considering that this Macedonicus was in danger to haue lost so great an honor as he had in his solemne and stately sepulture namely when he was caried forth to his funerall fire by his triumphant children as if he had triumphed once again at his buriall In sum that can be no sound and assured felicitie that is interrupted with any indignitie or disgrace whatsoeuer much lesse by such an one as this was To conclude I wot not well whether there be more cause to glory for the modest cariage of men in those daies or to grieue at the indignitie of the thing in that among so many Metelli as there were so audacious a villanie as this was of Catinius was neuer reuenged vnto this day CHAP. XLV ¶ Of Augustus Caesar late Emperor AS touching the late Emperor Augustus whom all the world rangeth in this ranke of men fortunat if we consider the whole course of his life we shal find the wheele to haue turned often and perceiue many changes of variable fortune First his owne vncle by the mothers side put him by the Generalship of the horse and notwithstanding all his earnest suit preferred Lepidus to that place before him secondly he was noted and thought hardly of for those outlawries of Roman citisens and thereby purchased himselfe much hatred and displeasure tainted also he
vnto a ship bringing messengers from Periander with commission to gueld all the Noblemens sonnes in Gnidos and stayed it a long time notwithstanding it was vnder saile and had a strong gale of a fore-winde at the poupe And hereupon it is that these Shell fishes for that good seruice are honoured with great reuerence in the Temple of Venus among the Gnidians But to returne again vnto our Stay-Ship Echeneis Trebius Niger saith it is a foot long and fiue fingers thicke and that oftentimes it stayeth a ship And moreouer as he saith it hath this vertue being kept in salt to draw vp gold that is fallen into a pit or well being neuer so deep if it be let downe and come to touch it CHAP. XXVI ¶ The changeable nature of Fishes THe Cackarels change their colour for these fishes being white all Winter wax blacke when Summer comes Likewise the Mole or Lepo called Phycis doth alter her hue for howsoeuer all the yeare besides it be white in the Spring it is speckled This is the only fish that builds vpon the reites and mosse of the sea and layes her egs or spawneth in her nest The sea Swallow flieth and it resembleth in all points the bird so called The sea Kite doth the same CHAP. XXVII ¶ Of the fish called the Lanterne and the sea Dragon THere is a fish comes ordinarily aboue the water called Lucerna for the resemblance that it hath of a light or lantern for it lilleth forth the tongue out of the mouth which seemeth to flame and burne like fire and in calme and still nights giues light and shineth There is another fish that puts forth hornes aboue the water in the sea almost a foot and halfe long which thereupon tooke the name Cornuta Againe the sea Dragon if he be caught and let go vpon the sand worketh himselfe an hollow trough with his snout incontinently with wonderfull celeritie CHAP. XXVIII ¶ Of bloudlesse fishes SOme fishes there be which want bloud whereof wee now will speake Of them are three sorts first those which be called Soft secondly such as be couered within crusts in the last place they that are inclosed within hard shels Of the first sort counted soft be reckoned the sea Cut or Calamarie the Cuttle the Polype and the rest of that sort These haue their head betweene their feet and the belly and euery one of them haue 8 feet As for the Cuttil and Calamarie they haue two feet apiece longer than the rest and the same rough wherewith they conuey and reach meat to their mouths and with those they stay themselues as it were with anchor hold against the surging waues the rest of their feet be smal like hairs and with them they hunt and catch their prey CHAP. XXIX ¶ Of the Calamaries Cuttles Polypes and Boat-fishes called Nautili ALso the Calamarie lanceth himselfe out of the water as if he were an arrow and euen so doth little Scalops The male of the Cuttles kind are spotted with sundry colors more dark and blackish yea and more firme and steady than the female If the female be smitten with a Trout-speare or such like three-forked weapon they wil come to aid succor her but she again is not so kind to them for if the male be stricken she will not stand to it but runs away But both of them the one as wel as the other if they perceiue that they be taken in such streights that they cannot escape shed from them a certain black humor like to ink and when the water therewith is troubled and made duskish therein they hide themselues and are no more seen Of Polypes or Pourcontrels there be sundry kinds They that keep neere the shore are bigger than those that haunt the deep All of them help themselues with their fins and armes like as we do with feet and hands as for their taile which is sharp and two forked it serueth them in the act of generation These Pourcontrels haue a pipe in their back by the help wherof they swim all ouer the seas and it they can shift one while to the right side another while to the left They swim awry or sidelong with their head aboue which is very hard and as it were puft vp so long as they be aliue Moreouer they haue certain hollow concauities dispersed within their clawes or arms like to ventoses or cupping glasses whereby they will stick to and cleaue fast as it were by sucking to any thing which they clasp hold so fast lying vpward with their bellies that it cannot be plucked from them They neuer settle so low as the bottom of the water and the greater that they be the lesse strong they are to clasp or hold any thing Of all soft fishes they only go out of the water to dry land especially into some rough place for they canot abide those that are plaine and euen They liue vpon Shell-fishes and with their haires or strings that they haue they will twine about their shels and crack them in pieces wherefore a man may know where they lie and make their abode by a number of shels that lie before their nest And albeit otherwise it be a very brutish and senslesse creature so foolish withall that it will swim and come to a mans hand yet it seems after a sort to be witty and wise keeping of house and maintaining a familie for all that they can take they carry home to their nest When they haue eaten the meat of the fishes they throw the empty shels out of dores and lie as it were in ambuscado behind to watch and catch fishes that swimme thither They change their colour estsoons and resemble the place where they be especially when they be afraid That they gnaw and eat their own clees and arms is a meere tale for they be the congres that do them that shrewd turn but true it is that they will grow againe like as the taile of snakes adders lizards But among the greatest wonders of nature is that fish which of some is called Nautilos of others Pompilos This fish for to come aloft aboue the water turnes vpon his back and raiseth or heaueth himself vp by little and little and to the end he might swim with more ease as disburdened of a sinke hee dischargeth all the water within him at a pipe After this turning vp his two foremost clawes or armes he displaieth and stretcheth out betweene them a membrane or skin of a wonderfull thinnesse this serueth him in stead of a saile in the aire aboue water with the rest of his arms or claws he roweth and laboreth vnder water with his taile in the mids he directs his course and steereth as it were with an helme Thus holds he on and maketh way in the sea with a faire shew of a foist or gally vnder saile Now if he be afraid of any thing in the way he makes no more ado but drawes in water to
cost aboue one hundred I would they knew so much that pay so deare for these wares by retaile here at home and cannot haue them but at an excessiue rate But here is not all neither is this anend of expence that way for one still draweth on another and men haue a delight to spend and lay on still one thing after another to make mixtures and mixtures again and so to sophisticate the sophistications of Nature as namely to paint and die their seelings euen the very embowed roofs and arches in building to mix and temper gold and siluer together therewith to make an artificiall metall Electrum and by adding brasse or copper thereto to haue another metall counterfeiting the Corinthian vessels CHAP. XLI ¶ The manner of dying the Amethyst Violet or Purple the Chrymson and Scarlet in grain and the light Stammell or Lustie-gallant It would not suffice our prodigal spend thrifts to rob the precious stone Amethyst of his name and to apply it to a colour but when they had a perfect Amethyst die they must haue it to be drunken againe with the Tyrean purple that they might haue a superfluous and double name compounded of both Tyriamethistus correspondent to their two fold cost and duple superfluitie Moreouer after they haue accomplished fully the colour of the Conchylium they are not content vntill they haue a second die in the Tyrian purple lead It should seeme that these double dies and compounded colours came first from the errour and repentance of the workeman when his hand missed and so was forced to change and alter that which he had done before and vtterly misliked And hereof forsooth is come now a pretty cunning and art thereof and the monstrous spirits of our wastfull persons are grown to wish and desire that which was a fault amended first and seeing the two-fold way of a double charge and expence troden before them by the diers haue found the meanes to lay colour vpon colour and to ouercast and strike a rich die with a weaker so that it might be called a more pleasant and delicate colour Nay it will not serue their turn to mingle the aboue-said tinctures of sea fishes but they must also do the like by the die of land-colours for when a wooll or cloth hath taken a crimson or skarlet in graine it must be died againe in the Tyrian purple to make I would not else the light red and fresh Lustie-gallant As touching the Graine seruing to this tincture it is red and commeth out of Galatia as we shall shew in our story of earthly plants or else about Emerita in Portugall and that of all other is of most account But to knit vp in one word these noble colours note this That when this Graine is but of one yeres age it maketh but a weake tincture but after foure yeeres the strength thereof is gone So that neither young nor old it is of any great vertue Thus I haue sufficiently and at large treated of those means which men and women both so highly esteem and thinke to make most for their state and honourable port and setting out of themselues in the best manner CHAP. XLII ¶ Of the Nacre or his guide and keeper Pinnoter and the perceiuance of fishes THe Nacre also called Pinnae is of the kind of shell-fishes It is alwaies found and caught in muddie places but neuer without a companion which they cal Pinnoter or Pinnophylax And it is no other but a little shrimpe or in some places the smallest crab which beareth the Nacre companie and waites vpon him for to get some victuals The nature of the Nacre is to gape wide and sheweth vnto the little fishes her seelie body without any eie at all They come leaping by and by close vnto her and seeing they haue good leaue grow so hardie and bold as to skip into her shel fill it ful The shrimp lying in spiall seeing this good time and opportunitie giueth token thereof to the Nacre secretly with a little pinch She hath no sooner this signall but she shuts her mouth and whatsoeuer was within crushes and kils it presently and then she deuides the bootie with the little crab or shrimp her sentinell and companion I maruell therefore so much the more at them who are of opinion that fishes and beasts in the water haue no sence Why the very Cramp-fish Torpedo knowes her own force power and being her selfe not benummed is able to astonish others She lieth hid ouer head and eares within the mud vnseen ready to catch those fishes which as they swim ouer her be taken with a nummednesse as if they were dead There is no meat in delicate tendernesse preferred before the liuer of this fish Also the fish called the sea-Frog and of others the sea-Fisher is as crafty euery whit as the other It puddereth in the mud and troubleth the water that it might not be seen and when the little seely fishes come skipping about her then she puts out her little hornes or Barbils which she hath bearing forth vnder her eies and by little and little tilleth and tolleth them so neere that she can easily seaze vpon them In like manner the Skate and the Turbot lie secret vnder the mud putting out their finnes which stir and crawle as if it were some little wormes and all to draw them neer that she might entrap them Euen so doth the Ray-fish or Thorn-back As for the Puffen or Fork-fish he lieth in await like a theefe in a corner ready to strike the fishes that passe by with a sharpe rod or pricke that he hath which is his weapon In conclusion that this fish is very subtill and crafty this is a good proofe That being of all others most heauie and slow they are found to haue in their bellie the Mullets which of all others be the swiftest in swimming CHAP. XLIII ¶ Of the Scolopendres the sea-Foxes and the Glanis THese Scolopendres of the sea are like to those long earewigs of the land which they call Centipedes or many-feet The maner of this fish is this when she hath swallowed an hook to cast vp all her guts within vntill she hath discharged her self of the said hook and then she sups them in againe But the sea-Foxes in the like danger haue this cast with them namely to gather in and let it go downe into the throat more and more still of the line vntill he come to the weakest part thereof which he may easily fret and gnaw asunder The Glanis is more slie and warie than they both for his propertie is to bite at the backe of the hooke and not to goble it vp whole but nibble away all the bait and leaue the hooke bare CHAP. XLIIII ¶ Of the Ram-fish THis fish is a very strong theef at sea and makes foule work where he comes for one while he squats close vnder the shade of big ships that ride at anker in the baâ—… where he lies
by the meanes of the commerce we haue had with the vniuersall world by thâ—…â—…fick negotiation and societie I say that we haue entered into during the blessed time of peace whichwe haue inioyed considering that by such trade and entercourse all things heretofore vnknowne might haue come to light And yet for all this few or none beleeue me there are who haue attained to the knowledge of many matters which the old writers in times past haue taught and put in writing Whereby wee may easily see that our ancestours were either far more carefull and industrious or in their industrie more happie and fortunate Considering withall that aboue two hundred yeares past Hesiodus who liued in the very infancie of Learning and good letters began his worke of Agriculture and set downe rules and precepts for husbandmen to follow After whose good example many others hauing trauelled and taken like paines yet haue put vs now to greater labour For by this means we are not onely to search into the last inuentions of later writers but also to those of antient time which are forgotten and couered with obliuion through the supine negligence and generall idlenesse of all mankind And what reasons may a man alledge of this drowsinesse but that which hath lulled the world asleepe the cause in good faith of all is this and no other Wee are readie to forgoe all good customes of old and to embrace nouelties and change of fashions mens minds now a daies are amused and occupied about new fangles and their thoughts be rolling they wander and roue at randon their heads be euer running and no arts and professions are now set by and in request but such as bring pence into our purses Heretofore whilest Kings and Potentates contained themselues within the Dominion of their owne Nations and were not so ambitious as now they bee no maruell if their wits and spirits kept still at home and so for want of wealth and riches of Fortune were forced to employ and exercise the gifts of their minde in such sort as an infinite number of Princes were honoured and renowned for their singular knowledge and learning Yea they were more braue in port and carried a goodlier shew in the World for their skill in Liberall Sciences than others with all their pomp or riches beeing fully persuaded and assured that the way to attaine vnto immortalitie and euerlasting Fame was by literature and not by great possessions and large seignories And therefore as learning was much honoured and rewarded in those daies so arts sciences tending to the common good of this life daily increased But afterwards when the way was once made to inlarge their territories farther in the world when princes and states beg anne to make conquests and grow rich and mighty the posterity felt the smart and losse thereby Then began men to chuse a Senator for his wealth to make a judge for his riches and the election of a ciuill magistrate and martiall captain to haue an eie and regard only to goods and substance to land and liuing when rents and reuenues were the chiefe and onely ornaments that made men seeme wise iust politicke and valiant Since time that childlesse estate was a point looked into and aduanced men into high place of authoritie and power procuring them many fauorites in hope of succession since time I say that euery man aimed and reached at the readiest meanes of greatest lucre and gaine setting their whole mind and repâ—…sing their full content and ioy in laying land to land and heaping together possessions downe went the most precious things of this life and lost their reputation all those liberall arts which tooke their name of liberty and freedome the soueraigne good in this world which were meet for princes nobles gentlemen and persons of great state forwent that prerogatiue and fell a contrarie way yea and ran quite to wracke and ruine so as in stead thereof base slauerie and seruitude be the only waies to arise and thriue by whiles some practise it one way some another by flattering admiring courting crouching and adoring and all to gather good and get mony This is the onely marke they shoot at this is the end and accomplishment of all their vowes praiers and desires Insomuch as we may perceiue euery where how men of high spirit and great conceit are giuen rather to honor the vices and imperfections of others than to make the best of their owne vertues and commendable parts And therefore we may full truly say that life indeed is dead Voluptuousnesse and Pleasure alone is aliue yea and beginneth to beare all the sway Neuerthelesse for all these enormities and hinderances giue ouer will not I to search into those things that be perished and vtterly forgotten how small and base sceuer some of them be no more than I was affrighted in that regard from the treatise and discourse of liuing creatures Notwithstanding that I see Virgil a most excellent Poet for that cause only forbare to write of gardens and hortyards because he would not enter into such petty matters and of those so important things that he handled he gathered only the principall floures and put them downe in writing Who albeit that he hath made mention of no more than 15 sorts of grapes three kinds of Oliues and as many of Peares and setting aside the Citrons and Limons hath not said a word of any apples yet in this one thing happy and fortunate hee was For that his worke is highly esteemed and no imputation of negligence charged vpon him But where now shall we begin this treatise of ours What deserueth the chiefe and principall place but the vine in which respect Italy hath the name for the very soueraignty of Vine-yards insomuch that therein alone if there were nothing els it may well seeme to surpasse all other lands euen those that bring forth odoriferous spices and aroâ—…call drugs And yet to say a truth there is no smell so pleasant whatsoeuer that out-goeth Vines when they be in their fresh and flouring time CHAP. I. ¶ Of Vines their nature and manner of bearing VInes in old time were by good reason for their bignesse reckoned among trees For in Populonia a citie of Tuscan we see a statue of Iupiter made of the wood of one entire Vine and yet continued it hath a world of yeares vncorrupt and without worme Likewise at Massiles there is a great standing cup or boll to be seene of Vine-wood At Metapontum there stood a temple of Iuno bearing vpon pillars of Vine wood And euen at this day there is a ladder or paire of staires vp to the temple of Diana in Ephesus framed of one Vine-tree brought by report out of the Island Cypres for there indeed vines grow to an exceeding bignesse And to speake a truth there is no wood more dureable and lasting than is the vine Howbeit for my part I would thinke that these singular pieces of worke before-named were made of
the same haue risen againe of themselues without mans helpe This happened during the wars against the Cymbrians to the great astonishment of the people of Rome who thereupon gathered a fore-tokening of great consequence for at Nuceria in the groue of Iuno there was an old Elme fell and after the head was lopped off because it light vpon the very altar of Iuno it arose of it own accord and that which more is immediatly vpon it put forth blossoms and flourished And this was obserued That from that very instant the majesty of the people of Rome began to take heart reuiue and rise again which had bin decaied and infeebled by so many and so great losses that the Romans hed receiued The like chanced by report neer the city Philippi vnto a Willow tree which was fallen downe and the head of it cut off clean semblably to an Aspen tree at Stagyrae neere vnto the colledge or publik place of Exercise there And all these were fortunate presages of good luck But the greatest wonder of all other was this of a Plane tree in the Isle Antandros which was not only fallen but also hewed and squared on all sides by the Carpenter and yet it rose againe by it selfe and recouered the former greennesse and liued notwithstanding it bare 15 cubits in length foure elnes in thicknesse and compasse All trees that we are beholden vnto the goodnesse of Nature for we haue by 3 means for either they grow of their owne accord or come of seed or else by some shoot springing from the root As for such as we inioy by the art and industry of men there be a great number more of deuises to that effect whereof we will speake apart in a seuerall booke for that purpose For the present our treatise is of trees that grow in Natures garden onely wherein she hath shewed her selfe many waies after a wonderfull manner right memorable First and formost as we haue shewed and declared before euery thing will not grow in euery place indifferently neither if they be transplanted will they liue This happeneth sometimes vpon a disdaine otherwhiles vpon a peeuish forwardnesse and contumacie but oftner by occasion of imbecility and feeblenesse of the very things that are remoued and translated nay one while the climate is against it enuious otherwhiles the soile is contrary therunto The balm tree can abide no other place but Iury. The Assyrian Pome-citron tree will not beare elswhere than in Syria As for the Date-tree it scornes to grow vnder all climats or if it be brought to that passe by transplanting it refuseth to beare fruit But say that it fortune by some meanes that she giueth some shew and apparance of fruit she is not so kind as to nourish and reare vp to perfection that which she brought forth forced against her will The Cinnamon shrub hath no power and strength to indure either the aire or earth of Syria notwithstanding it be a neere neighbor to the naturall region of her natiuity The daintie plants of Amomum or Spikenard may not away with Arabia howbeit they be brought out of India thither by sea for king Seleucus made triall therof so strange they are to liue in any other country but their own Certainly this is a most wonderful thing to be noted That many times the trees for their part may be intreated to remoue into a forrain country and there to liue yea and otherwhiles the ground and soile may be persuaded and brought to accord so wel with plants be they neuer such strangers that it will feed and nourish them but vnpossible it is to bring the temperature of the aire and the climat to condiscend thereto and be fauourable vnto them The Pepper-trees liue in Italy the shrub of Casia or the Canell likewise in the Northerly regions the Frankincense tree also hath been knowne to liue in Lydia but where were the hot gleames of the Sunne to bee found in those regions either to dry vp the waterish humor of the one or to concoct and thicken the gumme and Rosine of the other Moreouer there is another maruell in Nature welneare as great as that namely that shee should so change and alter in those same places and yet exercise her vertues and operations otherwhiles againe as if there were no change nor alteration in her She hath assigned the Cedar tree vnto hot countries and yet wee set it to grow in the mountaines of Lycia and Phrygia both She hath so appointed and ordained that cold places should be hurtfull and contrary to Bay-trees howbeit there is not a tree prospereth better nor groweth in more plenty vpon the cold hill Olympus than it About the streights of the Cimmerian Bosphorus and namely in the city Panticapaeum both K. Mithridates and also the inhabitants of those quarters vsed all meanes possible to haue the Lawrel and the Myrtle there to grow only to serue their turns when they should sacrifice to the gods it would neuer be did they what they could and yet euen then there were good store of trees there growing of a warm temperature there were Pomegranates and Fig-trees plenty and now adaies there be Apple-trees and Pyrries in those parts of the best and daintiest sort Contrariwise ye shall not find in all that tract any trees of a cold nature as Pines Pitch-trees and Firres But what need I to goe as farre as to Pontus for to auerre and make good my word Goe no farther than Rome hardly and with much adoe will any Chestnut or Cherrie trees grow neere vnto it no more than Peach-trees about the territory of Thusculum And worke enough there is to make hazels and filbards to like there turne but to Tarracina thereby ye shall meet with whole woods full of Nut-trees CHAP. XXXIII ¶ Of the Cypresse tree That oftentimes some new plants do grow out of the ground which were neuer knowne to be there beforetime THe Cypresse hath bin counted a meere stranger in Italy most vnwilling there to grow as we may see in the works of Cato who hath spent more words and made oftner mention of the Cypresse alone than of all other trees whatsoeuer Much ado there is with it before it come vp and as hard it is to grow and when all is done the fruit is good for nothing The berries that it beareth be wrinckled and nothing louely to the eie the leaues wherewith it is clad bitter in tast a strong and violent smell it hath with it not so much as the very shade therof is delectable and pleasant and the wood but small not solide but of an hollow substance insomuch as a man may range it among the kinds of shrubs Consecrated is this tree to Pluto therefore men vse to set a bough thereof as a signe before those houses wherein a dead corpes lieth vnder bourd As touching the female Cypresse it is long ere shee beareth The Cypresse tree for all this in the end growing
vpward fetch vp the eies budding out beneath thus by pruning although they seem to do hurt and wrong vnto them yet they draw them to shoot out the longer by the meanes for in good faith the more profitable way it is thus to vse acquaint it with bearing branches lustily and far better and easier is it besides to cut away these yong imps as the vine lieth fast joined to the frame vntill such time as a man think it be strong enough of the wood Oâ—…hers there are who in no case would haue a vine touched or medled witâ—…all the next yeare after that it is remooued into the vine-yard noâ—… yet to feele the edge oâ—… the cutting â—…ooke vntill it haue fiue yeres ouer the head mary then they agree it should be pruned guelded of all the wood it hath saue only three burgeons You shal haue some againe that will indeed cut them the very next yere after they be replanted but so as they may win euery yere three or foure ioints and when they be foure yeres old and not before they giue them liâ—…erty to climbe vpon the frame But this I assure you is the next way to make the vine fructifie slowly and late besides it causeth it to seem scortched and full of knots yea and to grow like a dwarfe or wreckling The best simply is to suffer the stocke or mother to bee strong first and afterwards let the branches and yong imps hardly be as forward and audacious as they will Neither is it safe trusting 〈◊〉 which is full of cicatrices or skarres a thing that proceeds of great errour and an vnskilfull hand for surely all such branches grow of hurts or wounds and spring not one jot from the mother stock indeed for all the while that shee gathereth strength her whole vertue remaineth within her but when she is suffered to grow and fructifie she goeth throughly to worke and emploieth her forces full and whole to bring forth that which yeerely shee conceiued for Nature produceth nothing by halfes nor by peece-meale but is deliuered of all at once Well then after that a vine is once full grown and strong enough let it presently run vpon perches or be led in a traile vpon a frame but in case it bee yet with the weakest let it be cut againe and take vp her lodging hardly beneath vnder the very frame for in this point the question is not what Age but what Strength it hath for that is it which must rule all And verily great folly and rashnesse it were to put a vine to it and let her haue the will to grow ranke before she be as big full as a mans thumbe The next yere after that it is gotten to the frame there would be saued and let to grow one or two branches according to the strength and ability of the mother let the same the yere following also be preserued nourished and permitted to grow on end vnlesse her feeblenesse be against it but when the third yeare is come and not afore be bold to giue her the head with two branches more and neuer let her goe but with foure at the most In one word hold a vine downe as much as you can neuer cocker and cherish her but rather represse her fruitfulnesse for of this nature is the vine Rather than her life she would be alwaies bearing neither taketh she such pleasure to liue long as to beare much and therefore the more you take away of her ranke and superfluous wood the better will she imploy her radicall sap and moisture to fructifie and yeeld good store of grapes yet by her good will she would be euer putting forth branches for new plants rather than busie in bearing fruit for well woteth she that fruit will fall and is but transitory Thus to her owne vndoing and ouerthrow while shee thinketh to spread and gaine more ground shee spends her strength her selfe and all Howbeit in this case the nature of the soile will guide a man and advise him well in a lean and hungry ground although the vine be strong enough you ought to keep it downe with cutting that it may make abode vnder the head of the traile and frame aboue and howsoeuer she may haue some hope that her young branches may get vp to the top as being at the very point to mount aboue it and so neare as that they reach therevnto yet let her stay there and proceed no farther suffer her not I say to lay her head thereupon and couch vpon the traile nor wantonly to spread and run on at her â—…ase In this manner I say hold her head in with the bridle that she may in the end chuse rather to grow big in body strong withall than to shoot forth branches about her euery way far and neare The same branch now that is kept short of the frame ought to haue two or three buds to burgen at and to bring forth more wood in time and then let it be drawne and trained close vnto the traile and tied fast thereto that it might seeme to beare vpon it and be supported thereby and not to hang loosely thereupon Being thus bound to the frame it must likewise be tied anon three buds or joints off for by this means also the wood is reclaimed and repressed from running out in length beyond all measure and the burgeons in the way between will come thicker shoot vpon heigth to furnish the husbandman with store of new sets and sions for the next yeare The very top end in no wise must be tied Certes this property and qualitie hath the vine That what part soeuer of it is dejected and driuen downward or els bound and tied fast the same ordinarily beareth fruit and principally in that very place where it is bowed and bent in manner of an arch As for the other parts which be backeward and neerer to the old maine stocke they send out store of new branches indeed full of wood but otherwise fruitlesse that yeare by reason I suppose verily of the spirit or vegetatiue life and that marrow or pith where of wee speake before which findeth many stops and lets in the way How be it these new shoots thus putting forth will yeeld fruit the next yere Thus there offer vnto vs two kinds of vine branches for that which springeth out of the hard and old wood and promiseth for that yeare following nothing but sprigs and twigs onely is called Pampinarium whereas that which commeth more forward beyond the cup or cicatrice and beareth shew of grapes is named Fructuarium As for another springing from a yeare-old branch it is left alwaies for a breeder and kept short vnder the frame as also that which they terme Custos i. the Keeper or Watch a young branch this is and no longer than it may well carry three buds which the next yeare is like to beare wood and repaire all in case the old vine stocke should miscarry and spend
they taught the vse of the Helme in the ship 275. f are troubled with the gout ibid. Kissing of women by kinsfolke vpon what occasion 418. k K N Knees being wounded in their hollowes bring present death 350. i of Knees a discourse ibid. Knurs in timber 489. b L A LAburnum what manner of tree 468. k Labeones who they were 336. l Laboriae in Campane a most fruitfull tract 567. f Labruscae bastard wild Uines 538. g Lacta the best Casia or Canell 373. e Lactes placed next to the bag of the stomacke 342. l Lacydes accompanied with a Goose. 280. k Ladanum the best 370. k. the price thereof ibid. Ladanum how it is gathered 370. g Ladanum of two kindes ibid. i Laestrigones monsters of men 154. g Laërtes a king mucked ground with his own hands 507. b Lagopus a bird why so called 296. h Lalisiones what they be 224. i Lama what tree 369. e Lambes named Cordi 226. l Lambes how to be chosen ibid. Lampades flaming torches in the skie 17. b Lampadias a kinde of Comet 15. f Lampido the onely woman knowne to haue been daughter to a king a kings wife and mother to a king 176. l Lampries in France how they are marked 248. i Lamprey a fish 245. b Lampreics of fresh water 246. g sea Lampreies their nature 248. h Lampyrides what they are 593. c Lanata what apples 438. g. why so called ibid. Lanati a sort of Pikes 245. e Land in the country made distinction of states at Rome 550. m. Land worth fortie denarij the short cubit 581. d Land Mediterranean fittest for fruits 501. c Land how much assigned by king Romulus to his subiests 549. d. Land of whom to be bought 553. c little Land well tilled 554. m Lands may be ouermuch tended 555. b Lanisis of Lacedaemon his swiftnesse 167. a Lanterne a sea fish 249. d Laodicea a citie the description thereof 107. a Larch tree 462. l. the timber and the liquid rosin thereof ibid. how it is drawne 465. b Larch tree female 487. b Larch tree of great length 489. d Lares a temple to them neere to which an altar erected to Orbona See Orbona Large space between the stomacke and the paunch is cause of more hunger 342. l Lawes who first inuented 187. c Lawrea the leafe of Lawrell 454. g Lawrell tree not smitten with lightening 27. c Lawrell groues why called Triumphales 454. g Lawrell a medicine for the Rauens 211. d the mad Lawrell 495. d Lawrell tree how it was employed at Rome 452. i Lawrell Delphicke Cyprian Mustacea ibid. Delphicke Lawrell described 452. k Cyprian Lawrell described ibid. Lawrell Tinus or wild Lawrell 452. k Lawrell Augusta or Imperiall ibid. Lawrell Baccalia 452. l Lawrell Triumphall ibid. Lawrell Taxa 452. l Lawrell Spadonia ibid. Lawrell Alexandrina 452. m Lawrell Idaea ibid. Lawrell token of peace 453. b Lawrell much honoured at Rome and why ibid. c Lawrell fairest vpon Parnassus 453. c Lawrell not smitten with the lightening ibid. a Lawrell Chaplet vsed by Tiberius Caesar against lightening 453. d Lawrell why vsed in triumph ibid. Laurcola 453. a. described ibid. Laurices young Rabbets or Leuerets 232. h Laurus the onely tree in Latine that giueth name vnto a man 454. g who laughed the day that he was borne 164. m Lax a fish 243. a L E Lead who first found out 188. l League who first deuised 189. i Leape yeare 6. h Learned wits honoured 171. f Leaues of Aspen tree neuer hang still 514. l Leaues that alter their shape form vpon the trees 470. h Leaues of some trees turne about with the Sunne in the Tropicke of Cancer 407. i Leaues of the trees how they be framed aboue and beneath 470. k. Leaues of trees distinguished by their bignesse forme and substance 470. l. m Leaues distinguished by other qualities and their order 471. a. Leaues of trees good fodder 471. b what Leaues are apt to shed and which are not 469. d a Philosophicall discourse touching the cause of shedding or holding Leaues 469. e. f Leaues of what trees hold their colour 470. g Lectos a promontory in Trouâ—… 471. f Ledon 370. i Lemnos Island 378. g. their manner ibid. Length of the legs and necke answerable for the proportion in all creatures 339. e Lentill where and when to be sowne 569. e Lentills of two kindes ibid. Lents and Lenes in Latine whence deriued 569. e Lentiske berries preserued 448. k Lentuli why so called 550. h Leococruta what kind of beast 206. h. and what of nature ibid. how engendred 212 Lconides rebuked Alexander the Great for burning too much Frankincense 367. f Leontophonus what beast 217. e. and why so called ibid. Leopards how they lie in wait 308. g Leptorhages what grapes 495. m Lepo or Mole a kinde of fish 249. c Letters or characters who inuented 187. f Leuaines 566. h. i. the nature thereof ibid. l Leuci kinde of Herons with one eye 334. g Lecocomum a kinde of Pomegranats 398. h Leucogaeon a place 568. h. it yeeldeth chalke to make white frumentie and a great reuenâ—…e yearely ibid. Leucosia Island sometimes ioined to the promontory of Syreus 540. i L I Libanus mount the description thereof 102. i Liciniani why so called 163. a Licinius Stolo condemned by vertue of his owne law 551. d of mans Life the tearme vncertaine 180. l Life short a benefit 183. b Licorne See Monoceros Lignum a fault in Cytron wood 396. h Lightenings attributed to Iupiter 14. g. the reason thereof ibid. presages of future things ibid. Lightenings seldome in Summer or Winter and the reason 25. c. in what lands they fall not ibid. the sundry sorts and wonders thereof 25. e. diuerse obseruations touching them 26. g. raised by coniuration ibid. k. generall rules of lightening ibid. m. it is seene before the thunderclap is heard and why ibid. what things are not strucken with lightenings 27. e Lights the seat of the breath 341. a. spongeous and full of pipes ibid. Limosae what fishes 243. c Lime at the root of Cberrte-troes hastens their fruit 546. k Limning See Painting Linden trees differ in sex 466. i. their fruit no beast will touch ibid. the Linden tree yeeldeth fine panicles for cordage 466. i the timber will not be worme-eaten ibid. k Linnen fine cloath whence 80. l Linnet very docible 293. a Likenes of children to parents grandsire or others 160. m 161. a. b. the reason in Nature 161. c Likenesse of one man to another diuerse examples 161. d deinceps Lions of the right kinde how they be knowne 200. i. k Lions bones will strike fire 344. m Lions how they will walke 350. k Lionesse lecherous 200. k Lionesses engender with Pardes ibid. Lion iealous of the Lionesse 200. k Lionesse how oft shee beareth young 200. l. and the manner thereof 201. b of Lions two kindes ibid. their nature and properties ibid. Lions long liued 201. c Lions crucified ibid. and why ibid.
Peares Dicimiana ibid. Peares Dolabellian ibid. Peares Pseudodecimiana ibid. Pompeian Peares ibid. pap Peares ibid. Tyberian Peares why so called 439. c Peares taking name of countries ibid. Peares Licerian Seuerian Tyrannian Favonian Laterian Anitian Amerian Picentine Numantine Alexandrian Numidian Grecian Tarentine Signine ibid. b Peares Testacia why so called 439. b. Onychine ibid. purple Peares ibid. Peares Myrapia Lauret Nard Barley Bottle Thickskin Coriolana 439. d. Pearles how they be engendred why they be called Vnions 254. m. 255. e. Pearles the soueraigne commodities of the world 254. k the cause of their dimnesse or clearenesse 254. l Pearles much in request with the Romanes 256. g Pearles out of Arabia 371. f Pearles found in Acarnania will lose their colour 256. i Pearles their price and estimation 254. k Pease when to be sowne 569. e. how codded 570. g Pecunia whence deriued 550. h Pegasi what birds 296. k Pegasi winged horses 206. g. Peinting who first deuised 190. g Pelagiae a kinde of purples 259. a Pelamides fishes 243. c Pelasgum 453. a Pelecinon See 〈◊〉 Pelion a hill measured and the height thereof 31. d Peloponnesus the description thereof 73. e Peneus a famous riuer 76. l Peniroyall floures in mid-winter 588. l Peneroyall floureth fresh in mid-winter 20. h People of the East feed of grashoppers 325. a People without heads 156. g People with â—…ares that couer their whole body 157. a Pepiniers how they are to be made 510. l Pepper trees 361. c. long pepper ibid. d. white pepper blacke pepper ibid. Pepper sophisticate 361. c Peppers their price ibid. Percnopteros what kinde of Hawke 272. g. and her properties ibid. Percnos See Morphuos Perfumes See Ointments odoriferous Periurte euen in the very Capitoll 4. i. Perne Island 40. k Persea a venomous tree 437. d Persica what manner of tree and the fruit 390. i. the wood durable and serueth for images ibid. k Pestilence beginning in the South goeth to the West 183. d continueth but three moneths ibid. P H Phalangia a sort of spiders 322. h Phalangium engendred in Eruile 575. b Phalerides daintie water-foules 296. g Pharnaces a people in Aethiopia 155. b. Pharus an Island cut from Aegypt by the sea 39. e Phauliae what oliues 432. g Phedius was accounted most happie 180. h Pherecides Pythagoras his master fore-telling an earthquake 37. d Phiala a place in Nilus 226. c Philip of Mâ—…cedony 〈◊〉 against Greece the skie appeareth bloudie 17. c Philâ—…ppides his swiftnessâ—… 161 m Philâ—…scus how 〈◊〉 loued Bâ—…es 313. f Philomides the courrier or Post of Alexander 35. c Phâ—…monoe male of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 322. h Phoenicobalaâ—… 374. i Phâ—… 〈◊〉 296. g Phoenicurus Sâ—…e 〈◊〉 redbreast Phoenix wâ—…at manner of bird 271. e Phoenix the birâ—…y it tooke that name 387. c Phoenix adâ—…ed wiâ—…h 〈◊〉 of feathâ—…s 331. a Phrygian tâ—…e â—…y wâ—…â—…piter â—…th 1â—… 〈◊〉 Phthorium a wine to cause abortiue fruit how it is made 422 g. Phu 364. l Phycos 401. d Phygemata vntimely fruits of shell-fishes 255. a Phyros what it is 401. d Physeter what fish 235. f Physicke who deuised 188. i Physicians taxed for dealing with dangerous medicines 400. g. Physicians that excelled 174. l P I Pietie See Kindenesse Naturall Pia mater a tunicle of the braine 332. m Pictures of great price 175. c Pics learne to speake 293. c Pig taken from the pap maketh it returne flat to the bellie 347. f. Pigs know their owne paps 547. f Pikes of the sea 245. e Pillers of Crassus did beautifie the theatre 499. b Pilummi why so called 550. h Pindarus feared the Suns eclipse 9. a Pine tree and Pinaster 462. h Pine tree chaplets 434. g Pine nuts or apples how they grow 435. e Pine trees euer full of fruit 473. 〈◊〉 Pinna a cockle in Acarnania 256. h Pinnotar what fish 253. a Pip in hens 300. h. the cure ibid. Pipes of Canes Reeds Shanke-bones Siluer Box and Lotos 484. i Pipes made of reeds and canes 844. l Pyrrhus his great toe and vertue thereof 155. c. it was reserued for a holy relique 155. d Pirrie or wine of peares 421. a Pisles of Camels serue for bow-strings 352. h Pismires greedy of Cypresse seeds 512. c Pismires shew the change and full of the Moone 601. c ruled by the power of the Moone 20. i C. Piso a notable drinker aduanced therefore by Tiberius Claudius 427. e Pisones why so called 550. h Pisse of Beares hard as horne 152. h Pissoceros the second foundation of the worke of Bees 313. b Pistores who they were in Rome 567. b Pitch trees of six kindes 462. h Pitch plaisters 424. h Pitch wine ibid. Brutian or Calibrian Pitch 424. l Pitch how it is knowne good from bad ibid. Pitch where it hateth to grow 462. i. the description thereof 462. k Pitch trees commended for their rosin ibid. l timber of Pitch tree for what it serueth ibid. Pitch tree how it differeth from the Larch 463. b Pitch trees grow againe if they be burnt to the root ibid. Pitch tree why it is called Phthiriophoros 463. e Pitch both liquid and stony how it is drawne and made 464. h. i. Palimpissa or stone pitch ibid. Brutian pitch ibid. Pitch rosin out of the pitch tree 465. a stilled Pitch what it is 464. k Pissasphalta Pitch 465. b Pitch where and when it is gathered best ibid. Pitch hurtfull to trees 541. e Pithecusae Islands 40. h Pithous a kinde of Comet 15. e Pitydia what Pine nuts they be good for the cough 435. f Pits for wells who sunke first 118. i P L Plaice a fish 145. b Players vpon the stage rich 175. e. f Plane tree whereupon Marsyas hung himselfe 495. d Plane tree honoured for shade onely 358. g Plane trees nourished with wine at the root ibid. h Plane of admirall bignesse in Lycia 358. h. i the Plane tree of C. Caligula ibid. k the Plane tree of Candie so much renowmed ibid. l dwarfe Plane trees 359. b Plane tree turned to an oliue in Laodicea 543. d Planets by whose motions are occasiâ—…ned the seasons of the yeare 19. i Planets keepe their power as well vnder the earth as aboue 42. l Planets and their motions to bee considered in husbandrie 585. f. Planets seuen 3. a Planets their moouing they goe a contrary course to the starry heauen 5. f Planets fed with earthly moisture 7. c Planets touching their motions and lights 10. c Planets their circles or angles ibid. k Planets why some seeme higher some lower ibid. m the opinion of them confuted that thinke Planets doe arise and mount from earth to heauen 11. d. whence their stations tooke their name ibid. f generall rules as touching Planets 12. h. their seuerall distinct colours 13. c. their distances one from another 14. i Planets of their musicke and harmonie ibid. k Plants winding about others growing vpon them 496. i Plants haue an appetite to incorporat one in another 523. a Plants in what regard they
the stomack The Empresse Iulia Augusta passed not a day without eating the Elecampane root thus confected and condite and therupon came it to be in so great name and bruit as it is The seed therof is needlesse and good for nothing therefore to maintaine and increase this plant gardeners vse commonly to set the joints cut from the root after the order as they doe Reeds and Canes The manner is to plant them as well as Parsnips Skirwirts and Carrots at both times of seednes to wit the Spring and the Fall but there would be a good distance betweene euery seed or plant at least three foot because they spread and braunch very much and therewith take vp a deale of ground As for the Skirwirt or Parsnip Siser it will do the better if it be remoued and replanted It remaineth now to speak in the next place of plants with bulbous or onion roots and their nature which Cato recommendeth to Gardeners and he would haue them to be set and sowed aboue all others among which he most esteemeth them of Megara Howbeit of all this bulbous kind the Sea-onyon Squilla is reputed chiefe and principall notwithstanding there is no vse of it but in Physick and for to quicken vinegre As there is none that groweth with a bigger head at the root so there is not any more aegre and biting than it Of these Sea-onyons there be two kinds medicinable the male with the white leafe the female with the blacke There is a third sort also of Squillae which is good for to be eaten the leaues whereof be narrower and not so rough and sharp as the other and this they cal Epimenidium All the sort of these squilles are plentifull in seed howbeit they come vp sooner if they be set of cloues or bulbes which grow about their sides And if a man would haue the head of the root wax big the leaues which vsually be broad and large ought to be bended downe into the earth round about and so couered with mould for by this means all the sap and nourishment is diuerted from the leafe and runneth backe into the root These Squils or sea-onions grow in exceeding great abundance within the Baleare Islands and Ebusus as also throughout all Spaine Pythagoras the Philosopher wrote one entire volumne of these onions wherein he collected their medicinable vertues and properties which I meane to deliuer in the next booke As touching other bulbous plants there be sundry kinds of them differing all in colour quantity and sweetnesse of tast for some there bee of them good to be eaten raw as those of Cherrhonesus Taurica Next vnto them are they of Barbary and most commended for goodnesse and then those that grow in Apulia The Greeks haue set downe their distinct kindes in these terms Bulbine Setanios Pythios Acrocorios Aegylops and Sisyrinchios But strange it is of this Sisyrinchios last named how the foot and bottom of the root wil grow down stil in winter but in the Spring when the Violets appeare the same diminisheth and gathereth short vpward by which meanes the head indeed of the root seedeth and thriueth the better In this rank of bulbous plants is to be set that which in Egypt they call Aron i. Wake-Robin for bignesse of the head it commeth next to Squilla beforesaid the leaues resemble the herb Patience or garden Dock it riseth vp with a streight stem or stalke two cubits high as thicke as a good round cudgell As touching the root it is of a soft and tender substance and may be eaten raw If you would haue good of these bulbous roots you had need to dig them out of the ground before the spring for if you passe that time they will presently be the worse You shall know when they be ripe and in their perfection by the leaues for they will begin to wither at the bottom If they be elder or if their roots grow small and long they are reiected as nothing worth Contrariwise the ruddy root the rounder and the biggest withall are most commended know this moreouer That the bitternesse of the root in most of them lyeth in the crowne as it were or top of the head for the middle parts be sweet The antient writers held opinion That none of these bulbous plants would grow but of seed only howbeit both in the pastures and fields about Preneste they come vp of themselues and also among the corn lands and arable grounds of the Rhenians they grow beyond all measure CHAP. VI. ¶ Of the roots leaues floures and colours of Garden-herbes ALl Garden plants ordinarily put out but one single root apiece as for example the Radish Beet Parsley and Mallow howbeit the greatest and largest of all others is the root of the herb Patience or garden Docke which is knowne to run downe into the ground three cubits deep In the wild of this kind which is the common docke the roots be smaller yet plumpe and swelled whereby after they be digged vp and laied aboue ground they will liue a long time Some there be of them that haue hairy strings or beards hanging to the roots as namely Parsley or Ach and Mallows Others there be againe which haue branching roots as the Basill As the roots of some be carnous and flâ—…ie altogether and namely of the Beet but especially of Saffron so in others they consist of rind and carnositie both as we may see in Radishes and Rapes or Turneps And ye shall haue of them that be knotty and full of ioints as for example the root of the Quoich grasse or Dent-de-chien Such hearbs as haue no streight and direct root run immediatly into hairie threds as we may see plainly in the Orach and Bleet as for the sea Onion Squilla and such bulbous plants the garden Onions also and Garlicke they put forth their roots streight and neuer otherwise Many hearbes there be which spring of their own accord without setting or sowing and of such many there be that branch more cloue in root than in leafe as we may see in Aspalax Parietarie of the wall and Saffron Moreouer a man shall see these hearbes floure at once together with the Ash namely the running or creeping Thyme Southernewood Naphewes Radishes Mints and Rue and by that time as others begin to blow they are ready to shed their floures whereas Basill putteth forth floures by parcels one after another beginning first beneath and so going vpward by leisure which is the cause that of all others it is longest in the floure The same is to be seene in the herb Heliotropium i. Ruds or Turnsol In some the floures be white in others yellow and in others purple As touching the leaues of herbes some are apt to fall from their heads or tops as in Origan and Elecampane yea and otherwhiles in Rue if some iniurie be done vnto it Of all other herbes the blades of Onions and Chibbols be most hollow Where by the
be tied fast vnto them Of all Garden-hearbs Beets are the lightest The Greeke writers make two kinds thereof in regard of the colour to wit the black Beets and the whiter which they prefer before the other although it be very scant and sparie of seed these also they cal the Sicilian Beets and for their beautiful white hew and nothing else they esteeme them aboue Lectuce But our countreymen here in Italy put no other difference between Beets but in respect of the two seasons when they be sowed namely in the Spring and Autumne whereof we haue these two sorts the spring Beets and the Autumnall and yet they be vsually sowne in Iune also This herbe likewise is ordinarily remooued in the plant and so replanted or set againe it loueth besides to haue the roots medicined with muck as well as the other abouesaid yea and it is very wel content with a moist and waterish ground The roots as well as the leaues or herbage thereof vse to be eaten with Lentils Beans but the best way to eat them is with Senuie or Mustard for to giue a tast and edge as it were to that dull and wallowish flatnesse that it hath Physitians haue set downe their iudgement of this herb That the roots be more hurtfull than the leafe and therefore being set vpon the bourd before all persons indifferently as well the sound as the sick and crasie yet many a one maketh it nice and scrupulous once to tast therof and if they do it is but slightly for fashion only leauing the hearty feeding thereupon to those rather that be in health and of strong constitutions The Beet is of two diuers natures and qualities for the herbage or leafe hath one and the bulbs comming from the head of the stem another but their principall grace and beautie lieth in their spreading and breadth that they beare as they cabbage And this they come vnto as the manner is of Lectuces also by laying some light weight vpon the leaues when they begin once to gather into a stalke and shew their colour And there is not an hearbe throughout the Garden that taketh vp greater compasse with fuellage than doth the Beet for otherwhiles you shal see it to spread it selfe two foot euery way whereunto the goodnesse and nature of the soile is a great help The largest that be knowne of these Beets are those which grow in the territory about Circij Some hold opinion that the only time to sow Beets is when the Pomegranat doth blossome and to transplant them so soon as they haue 5 leaues A wonderfull thing to see the diuersitie in Nature of these Beets if it be true namely that the white should gently loosen the belly and make one soluble whereas contrariwise the black doe stay a flux and knit the body It is as strange also to obserue another effect thereof for when the Colewort hath marred the taste of wine within the tun or such like vessell the only sauour and smell of Beet leaues steeped therein will restore and fetch it againe As touching the Beets as also Colewoorts which now beare all the sway and none but they in Gardens I do not find that the Greeks made any great account of them yet Cato highly extolleth Coules and reporteth great wonders of their vertues and properties which I meane to relate in my treatise of Physick For this present you shall vnderstand that he putteth downe three kinds of them the first that stretcheth out broad leaues at ful and carieth a big stem the second with a crisped and frizled leafe the which he calleth Apiana the third is smooth plain and tender in leafe and hath but a little stalke and these are of no reckoning at all with Cato Moreouer like as Coleworts may be cut at all times of the yeare for our vse so may they be sown set al the yere long yet the most appropriat season is after the Aequinox in Autumn Transplanted they be when they haue once gotten fiue leaues The tender crops called Cymae after the first cutting they yeeld the Spring next following now are these Cymae nothing else but the yong delicat tops or daintier tendrils of the maine stem And as pleasant and sweet as these crops were thought to other men yet Apicius that notable glutton tooke a loathing of them and by his example Drusus Caesar also careth not for them but thought them a base and homely meat for which nice and dainty tooth of his he was well checked and shent by his father Tiberius the Emperor after this first crop or head is gone there grow out of the same colewort other fine colliflories if I may so say or tendrils in Summer in the fall of the leafe and after them in winter and then a second spring of the foresaid Cymae or tops against the spring following as the yeare before so as there is no hearb in that regard so fruitfull vntill in the end her owne fertility is her death for in this manner of bearing she spends her heart her selfe and all There is a third top-spring also at mid-summer about the Sunstead which if the place bee any thing moist affoordeth yong plants to be set in summer time but in case it be ouer-drie against Autumne If there be want of moisture and skant of muck the better taste Colewoorts haue if there be plenty and to spare of both the more fruitfull and ranke they are The onely muck that which agreeth best with Coleworts or Cabbages is Asses dung I am content to stand the longer vpon this Garden-wort because it is in so great request in the kitchin and among our riotous gluttons Would you haue speciall and principal Coleworts both for sweet tast and also for great and faire cabbage first and foremost let the seed be sowne in a ground throughly digged more than once or twice and wel manured secondly see you cut off the tender springs and yong stalkes that seem to put out far from the ground or such as you perceiue mounting too ranke and ouer-high from the earth thirdly be sure to raise other mould in maner of a bank vp to them so as there peep no more without the ground than the very top these kind of Coleworts be fitly called Tritiana for the threefold hand and trauell about them but surely the gaine will pay double for all the cost and toile both Many more kindes there be of them to wit that of Cumes which beareth leaues spreading flat along the ground and opening in the head Those of Aricia be for heigth no taller than they but rather more in number than for substance thinner and smaller this kind is taken for the best and most gainfull because vnder euery main leafe in maner it putâ—… forth other yong tendrils or buds by themselues which are good to be eaten The Colewort Pompeianum so called of the towne Pompeij is taller than the rest rising vp with a smal stem
transplanted but principally Leeks and Nauews nay this remouing and replanting of them is the proper cure of many sorances for from that time forward subiect they will not be to those iniuries that vse to infest them and namely Chibbols Porret or Leeks Radish Parsly Lectuce Rapes or Turneps and Cucumbers All herbs which by nature grow wild lightly haue smaller leaues and slenderer stalks in tast also they be more biting and eagre than such of that kinde as grow in gardens as wee may see in Saverie Origan and Rue Howbeit of all others the wild Dock is better than the garden Sorrell which the Latines call Rumex This garden Sorrell or soure docke is the stoutest and hardiest of all that grow for if the seed haue once taken in a place it wil by folks saying continue euer there neither can it be killed do what you will to the earth especially if it grow neere the water side If it be vsed with meats vnlesse it be taken with Ptisane or husked Barly alone it giueth a more pleasant commendable tast thereto and besides maketh it lighter of digestion The wild Dock or Sorrell is good in many medicines But that you may know how diligent and curious men haue been to search into the secrets of euerie thing I will tell you what I haue found contriued in certaine verses of a Poet namely That if a man take the round treddles of a goat and make in euery one of them a little hole putting therein the seed either of Leeks Rocket Lectuce Parsly Endiue or garden Cresses and close them vp and so put them into the ground it is wonderfull how they will prosper and what faire plants will come thereof Ouer and besides this would be noted that all herbs wild be drier and more keen than the tame of the same kind For this place requireth that I should set downe the difference also of their iuice and tasts which they yeeld and rather indeed than of Apples and such like fruits of trees The tast or smack of Saverâ—… Origan Cresses and Senvie is hot and biting of Wormwood and Centaurie bitter of Cucumber Gourds and Lectuce waterish Of Maâ—…oram it is sharp only but of Parsly Dill and Fennell sharpe and yet odorant withall Of all smacks the salt tast only is not naturall And yet otherwhiles a kinde of salt setleth like dust or in manner of roundles or circles of water vpon herbs howbeit soon it passeth away and continueth no longer than many such vanities and foolish opinions in this world As for Panax it tasteth much like pepper but Siliquastrum or Indish Pepper more than it and therfore no maruel if it were called Piperitis Libanotis smelleth like Frankincense Myrrhis of Myrrh As touching Panace sufficient hath been spoken already Libanotis commeth naturally of seed in rotten grounds lean subiect to dews it hath a root like to Alisanders differing little or nothing in smell from Frankincense The vse of it after it be one yeare old is most wholsome for the stomacke Some terme it by another name Rosemary Also Alisanders named in Greeke Smyrneum loueth to grow in the same places that Rosemary doth and the root resembleth Myrrh in tast Indish Pepper likewise delighteth to be sowed in the same maner The rest differ from others both in smell and tast as Dil. Finally so great is the diuersitie and force in things that not only one changeth the naturall taste of another but also drowneth it altogether With Parsly the Cooks know how to take away the sourenesse and bitternesse in many meats with the same also our Vintners haue a cast for to rid wine of the strong smell that is offenfiue but they let it hang in certain bags within the vessels Thus much may serue concerning garden herbs such I mean onely as be vsed in the kitchen about meats It remaineth now to speake of the chiefe work of Nature contained in them for all this while we haue discoursed of their increase and the gain that may come thereof and indeed treated we haue summarily of some plants and in generall termes But forasmuch as the true vertues and properties of each herb cannot throughly and perfectly be known but by their operations in physick I must needs conclude that therein lieth a mighty piece of work to find out that secret and diuine power lying hidden and inclosed within and such a piece of worke as I wot not whether there can be found any greater For mine own part good reason I had not to set down and anex these medicinable vertues to euery herb which were to mingle Agriculture with Physick and Physicke with Cookerie and so to make a mish-mash and confusion of all things For this I wist ful well that some men were desirous only to know what effects they had in curing maladies as a study pertinent to their profession who no doubt should haue lost a great deale of time before they had come to that which they looked for in running thorough the discourses of both the other in case wee had handled altogether But now seeing euery thing is digested ranged in their seueral ranks as well pertaining to the fields as the kitchen and the Apothecaries shop an easie matter it will be for them that are willing and so disposed to sort out each thing and fit himselfe to his owne purpose yea and ioine them all at his pleasure THE TVVENTIETH BOOKE OF THE HISTORIE OF NATVRE WRITTEN BY C. PLINIVS SECVNDVS The Proeme SInce we are come thus far as to treat of the greatest and principall work of Nature we will begin from hence-forward at the very meats which men put into their mouthes and conuey into their stomacks and vrge them to confesse a truth That hitherto they haue not well knowne those ordinarie means whereby they liue And let no man in the mean time thinke this to be a simple or small piece of knowledge and learning going by the base title bare name that it caries for so he may be soon deceiued For in the pursute and discourse of this argument we shall take occasion to enter into a large field as touching the peace and war in Nature we shall handle I say a deep secret euen the naturall hatred and enmitie of dumbe deafe and senselesse creatures And verily the main point of this theame and which may rauish vs to agreater wonder admiration of the thing lieth herin That this mutual affection which the Greeks call sympathie wherupon the frame of this world dependeth and whereby the course of all things doth stand tendeth to the vse and benefit of man alone For to what end else is it that the element of Water quincheth fire For what purpose doth the Sun suck and drink vp the water as it were to coole his heat and allay his thirst and the Moon contrariwise breed humors and engender moist vapors and both Planets eclipse and abridge the light one of the other But to
vnsauorie and foolish Woorts hauing no tast nor quicknesse at all whereupon Menander the comicall Poet bringeth in a husband vpon the stage who to reproch his wife for her sottishnesse and want of sense giueth her the terme of Bleet And in very truth good it is for little or nothing and altogether hurtfull vnto the stomacke It troubleth and disquieteth the belly insomuch as it driueth some that vse to eat it into the dangerous disease Cholera working both vpward and downward without any stay And yet some say that if it be drunk in wine it is good against Scorpions and serueth for a prety liniment to be applied vnto the agnels or corners of the feet yea and maketh a reasonable good cataplasm with oile for the spleen and pain of the temples Finally Hippocrates is of opinion that much feeding of Bleets staieth the monethly course of womens tearmes CHAP. XXIII ¶ Of Meu and Fenell as well Gentle named Foeniculum as Wild which is called Hippomar at hrum or Myrsineum of Hempe and Fenell-geant and of Thistles and Artichoux MEu or Spicknell is not found in Italy vnlesse it be in some Physitians garden and those are very few that sow or set it Howbeit there be two kinds thereof the one which is the better is commonly called Athamanticum of Prince Athamas the first inventer of this herbe as some thinke but according to other because the best Meu is found vpon Athamas a mountaine in Thessaly Leafed it is like to Annise rising vp with a stem otherwhile two cubits high putting forth many roots and those blackish whereof some run very deepe into the ground neither is this Meu so red altogether as the other If the root therofbe beaten into pouder or otherwise sodden and so drunk in water it causeth vrine to passe abundantly in that order also it doth resolue wonderfully the ventosities gathered in the stomack It assuageth mightily the wrings and torments of the guts it openeth the obstructions and cureth other infirmities of the bladder and the matrice Applied with honey it is very good for the joints Beeing laid as a cataplasme with Parsley to the bottome of the belly of little children it causeth them to make water As for Fenell the Serpents haue woon it much credit and brought it into name in this regard That by tasting thereof as I haue already noted they cast their old skin and by the juice that it yeeldeth do cleare their eies whereby we also are come to know that this herbe hath a singular property to mundifie our sight and take away the filme or web that ouercasteth and dimmeth our eyes Now the only time to gather and draw the said juice out of Fennel is when the stalke beginneth to swell and wax big which after it is receiued they vse to dry in the Sun and as need requireth make an iniunction with it and honey together There is of this juice to be had in all places howbeit the best is made in Iberia partly of the gum that issueth or frieth rather out of the stalk being brought neere to the fire or els drawn from the seed whiles it is fresh and green There is another making thereof out of the roots by way of incision presently after that Fennell beginneth to spring and put forth out of the ground when Winter is done There is another kind of wild Fenell named by some Hippomarathrum by others Myrsineum Larger leaues this hath than that other of the Garden and those more sharpe and biting at the tongues end it groweth taller also and ariseth with a maine stem as big as a mans arm hath a white root It groweth in hot grounds and those that be stony Diocles maketh mention of another kind yet of wild Fennell with a long narrow leafe bearing seed resembling Coriander As touching the garden Fenell and the medicinable vertues that it hath it is holden That the seed if it be taken inwardly in wine is a soueragne drinke for the prick of Scorpions or sting of other Serpents The juice thereof if it be instilled by drops into the eares killeth the wormes there The herb it selfe carrieth such sway in the kitchin that lightly there is no meat seasoned nor any vineger sauce serued vp without it Moreouer for to giue a commendable and pleasant tast vnto bread it is ordinarily put vnder the bottome crust of our loues when they be set into the ouen The seed doth bind and corroborat a weake and feeble stomack yea if it be taken in a very ague Being beaten into pouder drunk in cold water it staieth the inordinat heauing of the stomack and the vain proffers to vomit for the lights and the liuer it is the most soueraign medicine of all other Being taken moderatly it staieth the loosenesse of the belly and yet prouoketh vrine The decoction thereof appeaseth the wrings of the guts and taken in drink it silleth womens brests and maketh them to strout again with milk when it is gone vpon some occasion The root taken in a Ptisane of husked barly purgeth the reins so doth the syrrup made with the juice or decoction therof yea and the seed The root sodden in wine is singular good for the dropsie and the cramp A liniment made with the leaues and vineger and so applied assuageth hot swellings and inflammations and the said leaues haue vertue to expel the stone of the bladder Fennell taken inwardly any way increaseth sperme or natural seed A most friendly and comfortable herb it is to the priuie parts whether it be by somenting them with a decoction of the roots boyled in wine or by applying a liniment to them made with the said roots stamped incorporate with oile Many do make a cerote thereofwith wax for ta lay vnto tumours to places bruised made black and blew with stripes Also they vse the root either prepared with the juice of the herb or otherwise incorporat with hony against the biting of dogs and taken in wine against the worm called Milleped But for all these purposes beforesaid the wild Fennell is of greater operation than the garden Fennell but this principal vertue it hath mightily to expell the stone and grauell If it be taken with any mild and small wine it is very good for the bladder and namely the Strangury also it prouoketh womens tearmes that be either suppressed or come not kindly away to which purpose the seed is more effectuall than the root But whether it be root or seed it would be vsed in a mean measure for it is thought sufficient to put into drink at once as much as two fingers wil take vp Petridius who wrote the booke intituled Ophiaca and Myction likewise in his Treatise named Rhizotomumena were of opinion That there is not a better counterpoyson against the venome of Serpents than wild Fennell And certes Nicander himselfe hath raunged it not in the lowest place of such medicines Concerning Hemp at first
looke in what garden there groweth abundance of this hearbe the Bees there when they swarme will be soone intreated to tarie not be hastie to wander far abroad The same is a most present remedy not only against their stings but also of wespes spiders and Scorpions And being tempered with a little nitre it is singular against the strangulation of the mother Taken in wine it pacifieth the wrings and torments of the belly The leaues therof being sodden with salt and brought into an ointment are singular good for to be applied vnto the scrophules or swelling kernills called the Kings euill and likewise to the accidents of the seat and fundament as the swelling haemorrhoids or piles The juice taken in drinke bringeth women to their ordinary monethly courses it discusseth â—…eutosities and healeth vlcers it allaieth the paines of any gouts and cureth the biting of mad dogs it is good for the bloudy flix that hath run on a long time as also those fluxes which proceed from the imbecillitie of the stomack it helpeth them that be streight in the chest and cannot take their wind but bolt vpright it mundifieth also the vlcers within the breast To conclude it is said to be a singular remedie none like vnto it for to dispatch the webs in the eye if they be annointed with the juice thereof and honey tempered together Melilot is thought also to be good for the eyes if it be applied with milk or line seed It assuageth also the paine of the jawes and head if it be laid too with oile of Roses likewise it doth mitigat the paine of the ears if it be instilled or dropped into them with wine cuit Moreouer the tumors and breaking out of the hands it helpeth Being boiled in wine or stamped green it easeth the griefe of the stomacke The same effect it hath in the pain of the matrice But if the cods be amisse if the Longaon or tuill bee fallen and beare out of the bodie or if that part bee affected with other accidents Bath the place with a decoction of it boiled greene in water or cuit and the patient shal find ease But if there be an ointment made of it and oile of Roses incorporat together it is a soueraign remedie for all cancerous sores If it be boiled first in sweet wine or cuit it is the better for the purpose aforesaid and so prepared a speciall and effectuall thing it is for the wens called Melicerides wherein is engendred matter resembling honey CHAP. XXI ¶ Of Trefoile and Thyme of the day Lillie Hemerocalles of Elecampane and Southernewood and Cypres I Am not ignorant that folke are verily persuaded how that Trefoile or three leaued grasse is of great force against the stings of serpents and scorpions if either 20 graines of the seed bee inwardly taken in wine or warer and vinegre together or if the leaues and the whole hearb be sodden and the decoction drunk as also that serpents are neuer seen to lie vnder this Trefoile Moreouer I know full well that diuerse Authors renowmed and of great credit haue deliuered in their bookes That fiue and twentie graines of that Trefoile which we called Menianthes is sufficient for a preseruatiue and antidot against all poisons whatsoeuer besides many other medicinable vertues which be ascribed to this hearb But for mine owne part I am induced by the authoritie of the most graue and reuerend Poet Sophocles to stand against their opinion for hee affirmeth plainely That Trefoile is venomous Likewise Simus the Physician doth report that if the decoction of it sodden or the juice thereof stamped bee poured or dropped vpon any part of the body which is sound it wil cause the same fiery and burning smart as followeth vpon a place bitten or stung with a serpent And therefore I would thinke with them and giue counsell also that it is not to be vsed otherwise than a countrepoison For it may bee peraduenture that in this as in many other one poyson by a certaine antipathie and contrarietie in nature expelleth mortifieth another Moreouer this I markand obserue in their writings that the seed of the Trefoile which hath smallest leaues if it be reduced into a liniment is singular good to embellish womens skin and to preserue their beauty if the face be anointed therwith Thyme ought to be gathered whiles it is in the floure and then to be dried in the shade now there are of Thyme two kinds to wit the white which hath a woodie root growing vpon little hills and this is thought to be the better the second is blacker caries besides a black floure They are thought both of them the one as well as the other very good to cleare the eyesight whether they be eaten with meats or taken as a medicine In like maner an electuarie or lohoch made of Thyme is supposed to be excellent good for an old cough and being taken with hony and salt to raise and breake fleam causing the same to be raught vp with more facility also that if it be incorporat with hony it will not suffer the bloud to clutter and congeale within the bodie Applied outwardly as a liniment with Senuie it doth extenuate and subtiliate the rheume that hath of long time sallen in the throat and windpipe and so also it amendeth the grieuance of stomacke and belly How beit these Thymes must be vsed with measure and moderation because they set the body in an heat although they be binding and make the belly costiue Now in case there be an exulceration in the guts there must be taken the weight of 1 denier or dram in Thyme to euery Sextar of honey and vinegre semblably it must bee ordered in case of the pleurisie and when there lyeth a paine between the shoulders or in the breast A drink made of Thyme with honey and vinegre in manner of a juleb or syrrup cureth the griefe of the midriffe and precordiall parts neere vnto the heart And verily a soueraign potion this is to be giuen vnto them that be troubled in mind and lunaticke as also to melancholicke persons The same also may be giuen to those who be subject to the epilepsy or falling sicknes whom the very perfume and smell of Thyme wil raise out of a fit and fetch them again when the disease is vpon them It is said that such should lie ordinarily in a soft bed of Thyme This hearb is proper for those that canot draw their breath vnlesse the â—…sit vpright and to such as are short winded yea and good for women whose monethly courses are either suppressed or come but slowly And saâ—… that the infant were dead in the wombe a decoction of Thyme sodden in water vnto the thirds and so taken doth send it forth of the bodie Men also doe find a great benefit by Thyme if they drinke a syrrup made of it with honey and vinegre in case of ventosities and inflations also if their bellies be swoln or
the belly than the other but the meale as wel of the one as the other doth heale the running sores scales of the head howbeit the wild better than the rest Moreouer these ciches are taken to be good for the falling sicknesse the swellings of the liuer and the sting of Serpents They procure womens termes and prouoke vrine and especially the grain it selfe rather than the leafe The same are singular for tettars and ring-worms for inflammations of the cods for the jaundise dropsie But all the sort of them be hurtfull to the bladder and kidnies especially if they be exulcerat For gangrenes and those morimall vlcers called Cacoethe they be better in case they bee tempered with honey Some there be who for to be ridde of all kinde of Warts take as many Cich-pease as there be warts and with euery one of them touch a wart and that vpon the first day after the change of the Moon which done they tie the foresaid Pease or Ciches in a little linnen â—…ag and fling them away backward behind them and they are persuaded that the warts will be gone by this means But our Latine Physitians are of opinion That the blacke ciches which be called Ram-ciches should be well and throughly sodden in water and salt of which decoction they prescribe vnto the patient for to drinke two cyaths in difficulty of making water for to expell the stone and rid away the jaundise Their leaues and stalks of straw being sodden in water ouer a good fire yeeld a decoction which beeing vsed as hot as may be suffered doth mollifie the callosities hardnesse growing about the feet so doth a liniment also made of the very substance it selfe stamped and applied hot The Columbine ciches sodden in water are thought to lessen and shorten the shaking fits in tertian and quartan agues The black cich-pease being beaten to pouder with halfe the quantity of gall-nuts and incorporat with sweet wine cuit called Passum and so applied cureth the vlcers of the eyes As touching Eruile somewhat I haue said already touching the properties thereof when I made mention of it among other kinds of pulse And indeed the old writers haue attributed as great power vertue vnto it as to the Colewort Being laid to with vineger it cureth the hurts that come by the sting of serpents or the teeth of man crocodile There be writers of approued authority who assirm for certain That if a man doe eat Eruile fasting euery day it will diminish and wast the swelling of the spleen The meale of Eruile as Varro reporteth taketh away the spots and moles of any part of the body And in truth this pulse is singular to represse corrosiue and eating vlcers but aboue all it is most effectuall in the sores of womens brests applied with wine it breaketh carbuncles Being torrified and incorporat with hony and reduced into an electuarie or bole and so taken as much as an hazell nut it amendeth the suppression or difficulty of voiding vrine dissolueth ventosities openeth obstructions and helpeth other accidents of the liuer the prouocations and proffers to the stoole without doing any thing reuiueth those parts that mislike and feele no benefit or nutriment of meat which they cal in Greek Atropha In like manner it cureth shingles ring-worms and tettars if it be first sodden in vineger so applied and not remoued vntil the fourth day If it be laid too with hony it keepeth biles from suppuration A fomentation made with the decoction thereof in water helps kibed heels the itch And it is generally thought That if a man drink it euery day next his heart vpon an empty stomack it will make the whole body looke with a better and more liuely colour Contrariwise the common opinion is That it is not good to be eaten ordinarily as meat for it moueth to vomit troubleth the belly lieth heauy vpon the stomack and fumeth vp into the head it breedeth ache and heauinesse in the knees But if it haue lien many daies in steepe after that imbibition of water it becommeth more mild and is a most wholsom prouender for horse and oxen The green cods of Eruile before they waxe hard if they be stamped with their stalkes and leaues together do colour and die the hairs of the head blacke As touching wild Lupines they be inferior to those which come of seed in all respects but only in biternesse And verily there is not a thing more commendable wholsome and light of digestion than white Lupines if they be eaten dry They are brought to be sweet and pleasant by hot ashes or scalding water Beeing eaten at meales vsually they make a fresh colour and chearfull countenance Bitter Lupines are very good against the sting of the Aspides Dry Lupins husked clensed from their skins applied to black mortified vlcers ful of dead flesh with a linnen cloth between reduce them to a liuely colour and to quick flesh again The same sodden in vineger discusse the kings euill and the swelling kernels impostumations behind the ears The broth or collature of them being sodden with Rue and Pepper may be giuen safely although it were in an ague to those that bee vnder thirty yeares of age for to expell the wormes in the belly As for young children who haue the wormes it is good to lay Lupines to their bellie whiles they be fasting All others are to take them torrified either by way of drink in a kind of wine cuit or els in electuary after the maner of a lohoch The same do giue an edge to the stomacke and quicken the appetite to meat The meale or pouder of Lupines wrought with vineger into a dough or paste and so reduced into a liniment and vsed in a bain or stouve represseth and keepeth down all wheales and itching pimples which are ready to breake forth and of it selfe is sufficient to drie vp vlcers It bringeth to the natiue and liuely colour al places blacke and blew with stripes Medled with Barly groats it assuageth all inflammations For the weaknesse of the huckle bone the haunch and loins the wilde Lupines are counted more effectual than the other A fomentation with the decoction of these wild Lupins maketh the skin more smooth and beautifull taking away all spots and freckles But if the same or garden Lupines be boiled to the height and consistence of hony they do clense the skin from black morphew and the leprosie These also if they be applied as a cataplasme do break carbuncles bring down or els ripen the swelling kernels named the kings euil and other biles and botches which of their nature be long ere they gather to head Boiled in vineger they reduce places cicatrized to their naturall colour and make them look faire white again But if they be throughly sodden in rain water of the collature that passeth from them there is made an abstersiue and scouring lie in manner of sope most excellent for to
boiled in oile the decoction also is vsually giuen in drink to those who be subiect to the falling euill likewise to such as be troubled in mind beside themselues to as many as are giuen to dizzines giddines of the brain and do ween that euery thing turnes round but they must take the poise of one dram euery day throughout the yeare The same root if it be taken in any great quantity purgeth the sences But the principall and most excellent vertue that it hath is this That if it be stamped with water and so applied it draweth forth spels of broken and shiuered bones as well and effectually as the verie true Bryonie which is the cause that some doe call it White Bryonie for there is another which is black and of greater efficacie to the same purpose if it be applied with hony Frankincense It is very good to resolue impostumes and biles which are in growing and not yet come to suppuration but if they haue continued and gather to an head it bringeth them soone to maturation and afterwards clenseth them It bringeth downe womens monthly sicknesse and prouoketh vrine An electuary or lohoch made therof to licke and suffered gently to melt vnder the tongue and go downe leisurely is singular good for such as bee short-winded and labour for breath also for pleurisies or pains of the side for convulsions and inward ruptures If one drink the weight of three oboli 30 daies together it will wast and consume the swelled splene The same serueth in a liniment to be applied with figs to the excrescences or risings of the flesh ouer the naile called Pterygia Being laid too as a cataplasm with wine it fetcheth away the after-birth in women and taken to the weight of a dram in honied water it purgeth flegmatick humors The juice of the root must be drawne before the fruit or seed be ripe this juice either alone or incorporat with Eruile meale if the body be annointed therewith doth illustrat the colour make the skin soft and tender and in one word it is such an embelishment that it maketh any person better for the sale where by the way note that it chaseth serpents away Moreouer the very substance of the root if it be stamped with fat figs doth lay the riuels and wrinckles of the skin plain and euen if it be rubbed or annointed therewith but then the party must walk immediatly vpon it a good quarter of a mile for otherwise it will fret and burne the skin vnlesse presently it be washed off with cold water Howbeit the black wild vine doth this feat more gently and with greater ease for surely the white setteth an itch vpon the skin There is therfore a black wild vine which properly they call Bryonia some Chironia others Cynecanthe or Apronia like in all respects to the former but only in the colour of the root grape or berry for it is black as I haue before said The tender sprouts sions that spring from the root Diocles preferred to be eaten in a sallad or otherwise before the very crops and tender shoots of the true garden Sperage and indeed they prouoke vrine and diminish the spleen far better it groweth commonly in hedges among bushes and shrubs and most of all in reed-plots The root without-forth is blacke but within of a pale yellow box colour and this is of much more efficacie to draw out broken bones than the aboue-named white Briony Moreouer this peculiar property it hath besides To cure the farcines or sores in horse necks and for this it is thought to be the only thing in the world Said commonly it is that if a man do set an hedge or hay thereof round about a grange or ferm house in the country there will no kites nor hawks nor any such rauening birds of prey come neere so as the pullen and other foul kept about the said ferme shall be secure from their claws or tallons If it be tied about the ankles of a man or the pasterns of laboring horses vnto which there is a fall either of Phlegmatick humors or of a bloud causing the gout in the one and the pains in the other it cureth the same Thus much concerning the sundrie sorts of Vines and their properties respectiue to Physicke As touching Musts or new wines the first and principall difference of them lieth in this that some by nature are white others blacke and others again of a mixt colour between them both Secondly some Musts there be whereof wine is made and others which serue only for cuit but if we regard the artificiall deuises and the carefull industry of man about them there be an infinit number of musts all distinct and different one from the other Thus much may suffice to deliuer fully in generall terms concerning musts or new wines As for their properties There is no must or new wine but it is hurtfull to the stomack though otherwise pleasant to the veines and passages Certes if a man poure downe new wine hastily without breathing or taking the wind between presently as he commeth out of the bain or hot-house hee doth enough to kill himselfe Howbeit of a contrary nature it is to the Cantharides saueth those that are in danger by drinking them A singular counterpoison is new wine in the lees against al serpents but principally the Haemorrhoids and the Salamanders It causeth head-ache and is an enemy to the throat and windpipes wholsome it is for the kidnies the liuer and the inward parts of the bladder for it easeth them all of pain But a singular vertue it hath against the venomous worm or flie Buprestis aboue the rest if one drink it with oile and cast it vp againe by vomit it is an excellent remedy for those who haue taken too much Opium it helpeth those who are in danger of crudled milk within the body such also as are poisoned with hemlock envenomed with the poison Toxica Dorycnium In sum white new wine is not so powerful in operation as others Likewise the Must wherof cuit is made is pleasanter than the rest causes lesse headach As touching the sundrie kinds of wine which are exceeding many as also the vertues and properties of euery seueral sort in manner by it selfe I haue sufficiently discoursed in a former Treatise Neither is there any point more difficult to be handled or that affourdeth greater variety of matter And a man canot readily say Whether wine be more hurtfull or wholsome for our bodies considering the doubtful euent and issue presently on the drinking therof for that somtime it is a remedy and a helpe otherwhiles it proueth to be a mischiefe and a very poison For mine owne part according to my first dessign and purpose I am to treat only of such things as Nature hath brought forth for the health and preseruation of man Wel I wote that Asclepiades hath made one entire volume expressely of the manner how to giue
to men rather than to women to aged persons sooner than to young folke and yet to a lustie young man before a child in Winteroftner than in Summer and to conclude to such as bee accustomed thereto more than to those who haue not drunke thereof beforetime A measure also and mean would be kept in the allowance of wine according to the strength thereof and the proportion of water mixed therewith and the common opinion importeth thus much That to one cyath of wine it is sufficient to put two cyaths of water ordinarily But in case the stomack be weak feeble so as the meat digest not nor passeth away downeward meer wine is to be giuen to the patient or at leastwise in greater proportion to the water But to retuin again to those artificial and made wines I haue heretofore shewed many sorts therof the making of them is at this day giuen ouer as I suppose and their vse needlesse and superfluous considering that now we giue counsel prescribe to vse the very simples themselues in their owne nature which go to their composition Certes beforetime the Physicians vpon a vain ostentation because they would seem to haue their apothecary shops furnished with such variety exceeded all measure in this behalfe insomuch as they were prouided of a wine made for sooth of Nauewes bearing the world in hand that it was singular good for militarie men if they found themselues ouerwearied either with the practise or the bearing of arms or in riding their hories yea and to say nothing of all the rest they had the wine also of Iuniper but is there any man so foolish as to think and maintain That Wormwood wine should be more profitable to our bodies than Wormewood the hearb it selfe What should I stand vpon the wine of dates among others of this range considering that it causeth head-ach and is good for nothing els but to ease the costiuenesse of the body for such as reach vp bloud As for that which we called Bion I canot see or say that it is an artificiall wine for surely al the art and cunning that goeth to the making of it lieth in this only That it is made and huddled vp in hast yet profitable it is for a weake stomack readie to ouerturn or that is not able to concoct and digest the meat within it wholesom for women with child comfortable to those who be feeble and faint good for the palsie the shaking of the lims the swimming and giddines of the head the wrings and torments of the belly and the gout Sciatica moreouer it hath the name for to haue a singular vertue to helpe in time of plague and to stand them in great stead who are pilgrimes and trauellers into far and straunge countries Thus much may suffice for Wines Moreouer say that wine be turned corrupted and changed from the own nature yet it leaueth not to retain certaine vertues and properties requisit in Physicke for vinegre also is medicinable Exceeding refrigeratiue it is cooleth mightily howbeit no lesse vertue and force it hath to discusse and resolue an euident proofe wherof we may see in this That if it be poured on the ground it will some and cast a froth Concerning the manifold operations that it hath in composition with other things I haue written oftentimes alreadie wil write stil as occasion shall serue But vinegre euen taken alone by it selfe fetcheth the stomack appetite again to meat and staieth the yex or hocquet and if it be smelled vnto it stinteth immoderat sneesing Being held in the mouth it preserues folk from fainting with extreme heat while they are in the bain or hot house Of it and water together there is made Oxycrat which is a drink more mild than vinegre alone And the same with water is comfortable to those who vpon the Suns heat haue gotten the headach or a day-feuer and be newly recouered being vsed also in the same sort with water it is counted most wholesom for the inflammation or theum of the eies A fomentation with oxycrat or water and vinegre is singular good vpon burns scaldidgs or rising of the pimples In like maner it cureth the leprosie scurfe and dandruffe running vlcers and scals bitings of dogs stinging with scorpions scolopendres and hardishrews and generaly it is good against all prickes of venomous beasts or pointed darts and any itch whatsoeuer Likewise against the biting or prick of the Cheeslip or Many-foot worme Applied hot with a spunge to the seat it is singular for the infirmities of the fundament But for this purpose there must be a decoction or fomentation made with three sextars of vinegre whereunto there should be put of Sulphur or Brimstone two ounces or a bunch of Hyssop and then set ouer the fire for to boile together In case of much effusion and losse of bloud which ensueth and followeth those who are cut for the stone or any thing els taken out of the body ther is nothing better than to foment the place without-forth with the strongest vinegre that may be had in a spunge and then to take inwardly in drinke 2 cyaths of the same for surely it cutteth and dissolueth the cluttered bloud lying within-forth Vinegre taken inwardly applied outwardly cureth the filthy tettars called Lichenes Being ministred by way of clyster it knitteth the belly and staieth al rheumatick fluxes that haue taken a course by the guts and entrails And the same helpeth as well the fall and slipping downe of the Longeon or fundament as the laxitie and hanging forth of the Matrice An old cough it restraineth the rheumes also and catarrhes it represseth which light on the throat and wind pipe it openeth the passages in them who labor for breath canot take their wind but sitting vpright it confirmeth also the teeth looâ—…e in the head mary it hurteth the blad der and doth harme in all infirmities of the sinewes The Physicians were ignorant heretofore of the soueraign vertue that vinegre had against the sting of the serpent called Aspis vntil by a meere chaunce they came to the knowledge hereof And thus stood the case It fortuned that a certaine fellow carying about him a bottle of vinegre trode vpon the said adder or serpent that turned vpon him againe and stung him howbeit he felt no harme at all so long as he carried the vinegre but so often as he set the bottle downe out of his hands the sting put him to sensible paine By which experiment it was found and knowne that vinegre was the only remedy and so with a draught therof he had help out of hand and was cured But behold another proofe and triall thereof They that vse to suck out the poyson of venomed wounds giuen by serpents and such like vse no other collution to wash their mouths withal but only vinegre certes the force of vinegre is such that it conquereth not only the strength
hurt them afterwards As for the other Smilax or Bindweed it loueth places well toiled and husbanded wherin it vsually groweth but of no vertue it is operation the former Bindweed is that the wood wherof we said would giue a sound if it were held close to the eare Another herb there is like to this which some haue called Clematis This plant creepeth climbeth vpon trees hauing many ioints also or knots The leaues are good to mundifie the foule leprosie The seed drunk to the measure of one acetable in a hemin of water or mead maketh the belly loose The decoction thereof is giuen likewise to the same effect CHAP. XI ¶ The vertues and properties of Canes or Reeds of the Papyr reed of Ebene Oleander Sumach otherwise called Rhus Erythros Madder Allysson Sopewort or Fullers-weed Apocynon Rosemary Cachrys Sauine Selago and Samulus Also of Gummes HEretofore haue wee shewed 29 sundry kinds of Reeds all indued with their medicinable vertues and in no plants more appeareth the admirable power of dame Nature the only subject matter handled in all these books of ours For in the first place there presenteth it selfe vnto vs the root of Reeds or Canes which being bruised and applied accordingly draweth forth of the body any spills of Fearne sticking within the flesh so doth the Fearne root by the Reed And forasmuch as we haue set downe many sorts of Canes that amongst the rest which commeth out of India and Syria and whereof persumers haue so great vse in their sweet ointments and odoriferous compositions hath this property besides That if it be boiled with the grasse called Deut de Chien i. Quoich grasse or Parsley seed it is diureticall and prouoketh vrine Applied outwardly it draweth down the desired sicknesse of women Taken in drink to the weight of two oboli it cureth those who are subiect to convulsions or cramps it helpeth the liuer and the reines it is a remedy also for the dropsie As for the cough a very persume thereof will stay it and the rather if it be mixed with Rosin The root sodden in wine with Myrrh clenseth scurfe and dandruffe it healeth also the spreading vlcers running scals of the head there is a juice besides drawn from it which becommeth like to Elaterium or the juice of the wilde Cucumber Moreouer in any Reed the best and most effectual part therof is that holden to be which is next to the root The ioints also and knots be of great efficacy The Cyprian Cane is named Donax the rind whereof if it be burnt and brought into ashes is singular for to bring haire againe in places where it is shed it healeth likewise vlcers growing to putrifaction The leaues thereof are vsed to draw forth any pricks or thorns The same be of great vertue against S. Anthonies fire the shingles and such like yea against all impostumations the common and ordinary Reeds haue an extractiue or drawing faculty if they be stamped greene which is not meant of the root only but also the very substance of the reed it self which they say is of great operation The root being reduced into a liniment and applied with vineger cureth all dislocations and easeth the pains of the chine bone The same punned green and new stirreth to lust if it be drunk in wine The down or cotton growing vpon the cane if it be put into the ears causeth hardnesse of hearing There groweth in Aegypt a certain plant named Papyrus which resembleth much the Cane or Reed a thing of great vse and commodity especially when it is dry for it serueth as a spunge both to suck vp the moisture in Fistulaes and also to inlarge them For swelling as it doth it keepeth the vlcer open and maketh way for the medicines to enter accordingly by that means The paper made thereof when it is burnt is counted to be caustick The ashes of it being drunk in wine cause sleep and applied outwardly taketh away hard callosities Touching Ebene it groweth not as I haue already said so neare vnto vs as in Aegypt And albeit my meaning and purpose is not to deale with any medicinable plants growing in the strange vnknown countries of another world yet in regard of the wonderfull properties that Ebene hath I will not passe by it in silence For first and foremost the fine dust or pouder filed from it hath the name to be a singular medicine for the eies as also that the wood therof being ground vpon an hard stone together with wine cuit dispatcheth away the cloudy mist which ouercasteth the eies As for the root if it be vsed likewise and applied with water it consumeth the pin and web and other spots in the eies The same being taken with equall quantity of the herb Dragon in hony cureth the cough In sum Physitians repute and range Ebene among the medicines which be corrosiue Oleander called in Greek Rhododendros which some name Rhododaphne and others Nerion hath not bin so happy yet as to find so much as a name among the Latines A strange and maruellous quality of this plant the leaues are a very poison to all four-footed beasts and yet they serue man as a preseruatiue and counterpoison against serpents if they be taken in wine with Rue among Also sheep and goats if they chance to drink of the water wherin those leaues lay soked wil by report thereupon die Neither hath Rhus a Latine name notwithstanding it be much vsed in Physick otherwise For it is a wild plant growing of it self bearing leaues like vnto the Myrtle vpon short stalkes and branches singular for to expell any poison and worms out of the body and besides called it is the Curriers shrub for that they vse to dresse their skins with the dry leaues therof instead of pomgranat rinds Of a reddish colour it is a cubit in height a finger thick Moreouer Physitians imploy the medicins wherinto this Rhus is put for bruises likewise for the flux proceeding from a feeble stomack as also for the vlcers in the seat But the leaues stamped and incorporat with hony and so brought into a liniment or salue with vineger do heale cankerous sores such as with inflammation do eat away the flesh to the very bone Their decoction is singular to be instilled into the ears that run with filthie matter Moreouer there is made a stomaticall composition of the branches of this Rhus boiled which serueth in the same cases as the aboue-named Diamoron i. of the Mulberries but if it haue allum ioined withall it is of greater efficacy The same being brought into a liniment is passing good for the swellings in a dropsie As for the Rhus which is called Erythros i. the red it is a shrub and the seed thereof is both astringent and refrigeratiue Much vsed is the grain or seed of this Rhus in stead of salt to pouder season meats Laxatiue it is and giueth a pleasant tast to any flesh meats especially if
called Stachys hath a resemblance also to Porret but that the leaues be longer and more in number it yeeldeth a pleasant smell and the leaues be of a pale colour inclining somwhat to yellow The nature of this plant is to moue the monethly purgation of women As for Clinopodium called otherwise Cleonicion Zopyron Ocymoeides like it is to running wilde Thyme and full of branches growing vp a span or handfull high at the least It groweth in stony places with a spoky tuft of floures shewing in a round compasse and for all the world resembleth the feet or pillers that beare vp a table or bed This herb taken in drinke is good for convulsions ruptures stranguries and serpents stings So is the syrrup or juleb that is made thereof by way of decoction Thus much of those herbs which in name carry a shew and resemblance of trees It remaineth now to write of some other herbs which I must needs say are of no great name and reckoning howbeit such as be indued with wonderfull vertues As for the famous and notable herbs indeed I will reserue the treatise of them for the books following And first I meet with that which we in Italy call Centunculus but the Greekes Clematis with leaues pointed like the beak of a bird or resembling the cape of a cloke growing close to the ground in toiled corn fields This herbe is most effectuall and singular aboue all other for to stay a laske if it be drunk in some red or green hard wine The same beaten into pouder and taken to the weight of one denier Roman in fiue cyaths of Oxymell or hot water stancheth bleeding and yet in that sort it is of great effect to fetch away the after-birth of women lately deliuered But there be other herbes among the Greeke writers going vnder the name of Clematides and namely one which some cal Echites others Lagines and there are besides who name it Pety Scammonie and in very truth branches it hath a foot long full of leaues and not vnlike vnto those of Scammonie but that the leaues be more black or duskish and smaller This herbe is found as well in vineyards as corne lands People vse to eat this herb with oile and salt as they do Beets Coles and other such pot-herbs and so eaten it maketh the body soluble And yet neuerthelesse those who be troubled with the bloudy flix are wont to take it in some astringent wine with Lineseed and find it to work with good successe The leaues applied to the eies with parched Barly groats do restraine the waterish humors which fall thither so there be a fine linnen cloth wet between The same applied in a pultesse to the wens called the kings euil bring them first to suppuration and afterwards hauing hogs grease put thereto heale them throughly Incorporat with green oile Oliue they ease the hemorrhoids and with honey helpe those that be in a Phthisicke or Consumption If nources eat them with their meat they shall haue good store of milke in their breasts And if they annoint therewith the heads of their young infants the haire will come the thicker A collution made with them and vineger assuageth the tooth-ache if the mouth be washed therewith To conclude it stirreth vp to fleshly lust There is besides another kind of Clematis known by the name of the Aegyptian Clematis howsoeuer some call it Daphnoeides others Polygonoeides Leaued it is like the Lawrel saue that the leaues be long and thin But against all serpents and especially the Aspides it is a soueraigne counterpoison if it be drunk in vineger Aegypt bringeth forth this herb in great abundance CHAP. XVI ¶ Of Aron Dracunculus or Dracontium Of Aris. Of Millefoile Of another hearbe of that name Of Pseudobunium Of Myrrhis and Onobrichis with their medicinable vertues THere is a great difference betweene * Aron of which herbe I haue written amongst those with bulbous roots and * Dracontium although writers be at some variance about this point for some haue affirmed that they be both one Howbeit Glaucias hath distinguished them in that the one groweth wild and the other is planted and hee pronounceth and calleth Dragon the sauage Aron others are of opinion that there is no other difference between them but that the onion root is called Aron and the stem of the same herb Dracontium whereas indeed there is no likenesse at all between the one and the other if so be that Dracontium of the Greeks be the same that we call Dracunculus in Latine For Aros hath a black root growing broad flat and round yea and far greater insomuch as it is a good handful but the root of Dracunculus is somwhat red and the same wrythed and folded round in manner of a Dragon wherupon it took that name Nay the very Greeks themselues haue made an exceeding great difference between Dragon and Wake-Robin for they affirme That the seed of Dragon is hot and biting and besides of such a virulent and stinking smell that the very sent thereof is enough to driue a woman great with childe to trauell before her time and to slip an vntimely birth Contrariwise they haue wonderfully commended Aron for first and foremost they preferre the female of this kind as a principall meat before the male which is harder to be chewed and longer ere it be concocted and digested moreouer they affirm That as well the one as the other doth expectorat the fleam gathered in the chest and whether it be dried and brought into pouder and so the drink spiced withall or otherwise taken in form of a lohoch or electuary it prouoketh both vrine and also womens monthly termes Drunke with oxymell it mundifieth and comforteth the stomacke and Physitians haue giuen it in Ewes milke for the exulceration of the guts rosted vnder the embers they haue prescribed it to be taken with oil for the cough Some haue sodden it in milke and giuen the decoction thereof to be drunke in that case They haue appointed it also to be boiled and then applied accordingly to watery eies for to represse the violence of rheum likewise vnto places black and blew with stripes as also for the inflammation of the amygdales also they haue giuen direction to inject the same with oile by way of clystre as an excellent remedy for the Hemorrhoids and to applie it in a liniment with hony for to take away the pimples and freckles of the skin Cleophantus hath giuen it the praise of an excellent antidote or counterpoison prescribing also the vse thereof for the pleurisie and inflammation of the lungs in the same manner as in case of the cough he appointed likewise to beat the seed into pouder being mixed either with common oile or oile rosat to drop it into the eares for to assuage the pain Dieuches ordained to take and temper it with meale and so to worke it into a paste to giue
the bread so made vnto them that cough to those who be short winded such also as cannot breath vnlesse they sit vpright and lastly to as many as reach vp filthy matter out of their brest Diodotus the Physitian made thereof an electuary or lohoch with hony for them to licke who are in a Phthisick or otherwise diseased in the lights and hee appointed it to be laid as a pultesse for fractures of bones There is not a beast or liuing creature whatsoeuer but if the shap or naturall parts be annointed therewith it will fetch away the fruit of their womb The juice drawn out of the root if it be incorporat with Attick hony scattereth the misty clouds and filmes in the eies that trouble the sight the same also cureth the defects and infirmities of the stomack And a syrrup made with the decoction thereof hony is good to stint a cough All vlcers whatsoeuer be they wolues cankerous sores or otherwise corrosiue and eating forward stil yea the very ill-fauoured Polype and Noli-me-tangere in the nosthrils the iuice of this root doth cure and heale wonderfully The leaues sodden in wine and oile are good to be applied vnto any burne or place scalded Being eaten in a salad with salt and vineger they purge the belly sodden with hony and applied as a cataplasme they are good for dislocations and bones out of ioint Semblably the said leaues whether they be green or dried are excellent for the gout in any ioint being laid too with salt Hippocrates deuised a plaster of them and hony together which was singular for all impostumations whatsoeuer For to bring downe the desired sicknesse of women 2 drams of the root or seeds it skils not whether taken in two cyaths of wine is a sufficient dose The same potion fetches away the after-birth in case it make no hast to come away after a woman is deliuered of child And for this purpose Hippocrates appointed the very bulbous root of Aron in substance to be applied to the nature of a woman in the like case It is said that in time of pestilence it is a singular preseruatiue if it be eaten with meats Certes it is excellent to keep them for being drunke who haue taken their liquor liberally or at leastwise to make them sober again And yet the perfume or smoke thereof when it burneth chaseth serpents away and especially the Aspides or els doth intoxicat their heads make them so drunk that a man shall find them lying benummed and astonied as if they were dead The same serpents moreouer will not come neere vnto those that be annointed all ouer with this herb Aros and oile of baies hereupon it is thought that it is a good preseruatiue against their stings if it be drunk in grosse red wine They say moreouer that cheeses will keepe passing well if they be wrapped within the leaues of Aron To come now to Dragons called in Latine Dracunculus wherof I haue spoken before the only time to dig it out of the ground is when barly beginneth to ripen and within the two first quarters of the Moon all the while that she doth increase in light Let one but haue the root of this herb about him in any part of the body it makes no matter how or where he cary it he shal be sure that serpents wil flie from him And therefore it is said that the greater kind of them is singular to be giuen in drink vnto those who are stung already by them as also that it stoppeth the immoderat course of womens fleurs in case it touched no yron instrument when it was gathered The juice thereof is passing good for pain in the ears As for tht Dragon which the Greeks name Draconatium it hath bin shewed described to me in three forms the one leaued like vnto the Beets growing with an vpright main stem with a floure of a purple colour this Dragon is like vnto Aron Others brought to me a second kind with a long root as it were marked forth and diuided into certaine ioints it putteth out three small stems and no more and they declared moreouer and gaue direction to seeth the leaues thereof in vineger against the sting of serpents There was a third sort shewed vnto me bearing a leafe bigger than that of the Cornell tree with a root resembling those of the canes or reeds and as they auouched parted into as many joints and knots just as it was yeares old and so many leaues likewise it had neither more nor lesse Those that presented it to me vsed to giue the same in wine or water against serpents There is an herb also named Aris growing in the same Egypt like vnto Aron abouesaid saue that it is lesse hath smaller leaues and not so big a root and yet the same is full as great as a good round and large oliue Of these there be two kinds the one which is white riseth vp with two stalks the other puts forth but one single stem Both of them haue vertue to cure running scals and vlcers to heale burns also and fistulous sores if a collyrie or tent be made thereof and put into the sore the leaues boiled in water and afterwards stamped and incorporate with oile rosat do stay the spreading of corrosiue eating vlcers But mark one wonderful property that this plant hath touch the nature or shap of any female beast therwith she wil neuer lin gadding vntill she die with one mischiefe or other Touching Mille foile or Yarrow which the Greeks call Myriophyllon we in Latine Millefolium it is an herb growing vp with a tender and feeble stalke like in some sort vnto Fenell and charged with many leaues whereupon it took the name it groweth in moores and fennie grounds vsed to very good purpose and with singular successe in curing of wounds Ouer and besides it is giuen to drink with vineger for the difficulty of vrine and the stoppage of the blader for those that take wind thick and shoâ—…t and such as are inwardly bruised by falling headlong from on high the same is most effectuall to take away the tooth ache In Tuscan they haue another herb so called growing in medowes which putteth forth on either side of the stalk or stem a number of pretty leaues as smal in maner as hairs The same also is a most excellent wound-hearb And it is auouched by the people of that countrey That if an Oxe chance to haue his strings or sinews cut quite atwowith the plough-share this hearb will conglutinat and souder them againe if it be made into a salue with swines grease Concerning bastard Navew called in Greeke Pseudo Bunion it hath the leaues of Navew gentle and brancheth to the height of a hand-bredth or span The best of this kind groweth in the Isle Candy where they vse to drink fiue or six branches thereof for the wringing torments of the belly for the strangury the pain of the sides midriffe and precordiall
groweth it runneth creepeth within the earth by many knots or ioints in the root from which as also from the branches and top-sprigs trailing aboue-ground it putteth forth new roots and spreadeth into many branches In all other parts of the world the leaues of this grasse grow slender and sharp pointed toward the end only vpon the mount Pernassus wherupon it is called Gramen Pernassi it brancheth thicker than in other places and resembleth in some sort Ivie bearing a white floure and the same odoriferous There is not a grasse in the field whereon horses take more delight to feed than this whether it be greene as it groweth or dry and made into hay especially if it be giuen them somewhat sprinckled with water Moreouer it is said that the inhabitants about the foresaid mount Pernassus do draw a juice out of this grasse vsed much to increase plenty of milk for sweet and pleasant it is but in other parts of the world in stead therof they vse the decoction of the common grasse for to conglutinat wounds and yet the very herb it selfe in substance will do as much if it be but stamped and so applied and besides a good defensatiue it is to keep any place that is cut or hurt from inflammation To the said decoction some put wine and hony others adde a third part in proportion of Frankincense Pepper and Myrrhe and then set all ouer the fire againe and boile it a second time in a pan of brasse which composition they vse as a medicine for the tooth-ach and watering eies occasioned by the flux of humors thither The root sodden in wine appeaseth the wrings torments of the guts openeth the conduits of the vrine and giueth it passage besides it healeth the vlcers of the bladder yea it breaketh the stone But the seed is more diureticall and with greater force driueth downe vrine than the root And yet it stoppeth a laske and staieth vomit A peculiar vertue it hath against the sting of dragons or serpents Moreouer some there be who giue direction in the cure of the kings euil and other flat impostumes called Pani to take nine knots or ioints of a root of this grasse and if they cannot find one root with so many ioints to take two or three roots vntill they haue the foresaid number which done to enwrap or fold the same in vnwashed or greasie wooll which is black with this charge by the way that the party who gathered the said roots be fasting and then to goe vnto the house of the patient that is to be cured waiting a time when hee is from home and be ready at his returne to receiue him with these words three times pronounced Iejunus ieiuno medicamentum do i. I being yet fasting giue thee a medicine also whiles thou art fasting and with that to bind the foresaid knots roots vnto the parts affected and so continue this course for three daies together Furthermore that kind of grasse which hath seuen ioints in the root neither more nor lesse is singular for the head ach and worketh great effects if the Patient carrieth it tied fast about him Some Physitians do prescribe for the intollerable pain of the bladder to take the decoction of this grasse boyled in wine vnto the consumption of one halfe and giue it to drinke vnto the Patient presently vpon the comming out of the baine or hot-house Touching the grasse which by reason of the pricks that it beares is named Aculeatum there be three sorts of it the first is that which ordinarily hath fiue such prickes in the head or top thereof and thereupon they call it Penta Dactylon i. the fiue finger graise these prickes when they be wound together they vse to put vp into the nosthrils and draw them downe again for to make the nose bleed The second is like to Sengreen or Housleek singular good it is for the whitflaws and excrescences or risings vp of the flesh about the naile roots if it be incorporat into a liniment with hogs grease and this grasse they call Dactylus because it is a medicine for the fingers The third kind named likewise Dactylos but smaller than the other groweth vpon old decaied wals or tyle houses this is of a caustick burning nature good to represse the canker in running and corrosiue vlcers Generally a chaplet made of the herbe Gramen or Dogs-grasse and worn vpon the head stancheth bleeding at the nose The Gramen that groweth along the high waies in the country about Babylon is said to kill camels that grase vpon it Fenigreeke commeth not behind the other herbs before specified in credit and account for the vertues which it hath the Greeks call it Telus and Carphos some name it Buceras and Aegoceras for that the seed resembleth little hornes we in Latine tearme it Silicia or Siliqua The manner of sowing it I haue declared in due place sufficiently The vertues thereof is to dry mollifie and resolue the juice drawne out of it after the decoction is right soueraigne for many infirmities and diseases incident to women and namely in the naturall parts whether the matrice haue a schirre in it and be hard or swolne or whether the necke thereof be drawne too streight and narrow for which purposes it is to be vsed by way of somentation incession or bath also by infusion or injection with the metrenchyte Very proper it is to extenuat the scurf or scales like dandruffe appearing in the visage being sodden and applied together with sal-nitre it helpeth the disease of the spleen The like effect it hath with vineger and beeing boyled therin it is good for the liuer for such women as haue painful trauel in child-birth be hardly deliuered Diocles appointed Fenigreek seed to the quantity of one acetable to be giuen in nine cyaths of wine cuit for three draughts with this direction that the woman first should take one third part of this drink and then go to a hot bath and whiles she were sweating therein to drink one halfe of that which was left and presently after she is out of the bain sup off the rest And he saith there is not the like medicine to be found in this case when all others will take no effect The floure or meale of Fenigreek seed boiled in mead or honied water together with barly or Lineseed is singular for the paine of the matrice either applied to the share in maner of a cataplasme or put vp into the naturall parts as a pessary according as the abouenamed Dioâ—…les saith who was wont likewise to cure the lepry or S. Magnus euil to clense mundifie the skin of freckles pimples with a liniment made with the foresaid floure incorporat with the like quantity of brim stone with this charge to prepare the skin by rubbing it with salnitre before the said ointment were vsed and then to annoint it oftentimes in a day Theodorus vsed to mixe
maketh mention of many singular herbs in Aegypt which the Kings wife of that country gaue to that lady of his Helena of whom he writeth so much and namely the noble Nepenthes which had this singular vertue and operation To work obliuion of melancholy heauinesse yea and to procure easement and remission of all sorrowes which I say the queene bestowed vpon Helena to this end That she should communicate and impart it to the whole world for to be drunke in those cases abouesaid But the first man knowne by all records to haue written any thing exactly and curiously of simples was Orpheus As for Musaeus and Hesiodus after him in what admiration they held and how highly they esteemed the herb Polion aboue the rest I haue shewed already Certes Orpheus and Hesiodus both haue highly commended vnto vs perfumes and suffumigations And Homer likewise writeth expressely of certain herbs by name of singular vertue which I wil put downe in their due places After him came Pythagoras a famous Philosopher who was the first that composed a booke and made a treatise purposely of sundry herbs with their diuers effects ascribing wholly the inuention and originall of them to the immortall gods and namely to Apollo and Aesculapius Democritus compiled a volume of the same argument But both hee and Pythagoras had trauelled before al ouer Persis Arabia Aethyopia and Aegypt and there conferred with the Sages and learned Phylosophers of that country called Magi. In summe so far were men in old time rauished with the admiration of herbs and their vertues that they bashed not to auouch euen incredible things of them Xanthus an antient Chronicler writeth in the first booke of his histories of a Dragon which finding one of her little serpents killed raised it to life again by a certain herbe which he nameth Balis and with the said herb a man also named Thylo whom the Dragon had slaine was reuiued and restored to health againe Also King Iuba doth report That there was a man in Arabia who being once dead became aliue againe by the vertue of a certain herbe Democritus said and Theophr astus gaue credit to his words That there is an herb with which a kind of foule wherof I haue made mention before is able to make the wedge or stopple to flie out of the hole of her neast into which the sheepheards had driuen it fast in case she bring the same herbe and but once touch the foresaid wedge therewith These be strange reports and incredible howbeit they draw men into a wonderfull opinion of the thing and fil their heads with a deep conceit forcing them to confesse That there is some great matter in hearbs and much true indeed which is reported so wonderfully of them And from hence it is that most are of this opinion and hold certainly That there is nothing impossible but may be performed by the power of herbs if a man could reach vnto their vertues mary few there be who haue attained to that felicity and the operation of most simples is vnknowne In the number of these Herophilus the renowned Physitian may be reckoned who was of this mind and gaue it out in his ordinary speech That some hearbs there were which were effectuall and did much good if a man or woman chanced but to tread vpon them vnder their feet And verily this hath bin knowne and found true by experience that some diseases would be more exasperat and angry yea and wounds grow to fretting and inflammation if folk went but ouer certain herbs in the way as they passed on foot Lo what the Physick in old time was and how the same lay wholly couched in the Greek language and not elswhere to be found But what might be the reason that there were no more simples knowne Surely it proceeds from this That for the most part they be rusticall peasants and altogether vnlettered who haue the experience and triall of herbs as those who alone liue and conuerse among them where they grow Another thing there is Men are carelesse and negligent and loue not to take any paines in seeking for them Againe euery place swarmeth so with Leeches and Physitians and men are so ready to run vnto them for to receiue some compound medicine at their hands that little or no regard there is made of herbs and good Simples Furthermore many of them which haue bin found out and knowne haue no name at all as for example that herb which I spake of in my Treatise concerning the cure and remedies of corne growing vpon the lands and which we all know if it be enterred or buried in the foure corners of the field will skar away all the foules of the aire that they shal not settle vpon the corne nor once come into the ground But the most dishonest and shamefull cause why so few simples in comparison be knowne is the naughtie nature and peeuish disposition of those persons who will not teach others their skill as if themselues should lose for euer that which they imparted vnto their neighbor Ouer and besides there is no certain meanes or way to direct vs to the inuention and knowledge of hearbes and their vertues for if we looke vnto these hearbs which are found already we are for some of them beholden to meere chance fortune and for others to say a truth to the immediat reuelation from God For proofe hereof mark but this one instance which I will relate to you For many a yeare vntill now of late daies the biting of a mad dog was counted incureable and looke who were so bitten they fell into a certain dread feare of water neither could they abide to drink or to heare talk therof and then were they thought to be in a desperat case it fortuned of late that a souldier one of the gard about the Pretorium was bitten with a mad dog and his mother saw a vision in her sleep giuing as it were direction vnto her for to send the root vnto her sonne for to drink of an Eglantine or wild rose called Cymorrhodon which the day before she had espied growing in an hortyard where she took pleasure to behold it This occurrent fel out in Lacetania the nearest part vnto vs of Spain Now as God would when the souldier before said vpon his hurt receiued by the dog was ready to fall into that symptome of Hydrophobie and began to feare water there came a letter from his mother aduertising him to obey the wil of God and to do according to that which was reuealed vnto her by the vision Whereupon he dranke the root of the said sweet brier or Eglantine and not only recouered himselfe beyond all mens expectation but also afterwards as many as in that case tooke the like receit found the same remedy Before this time the writers in Physick knew of no medicinable vertue in the Eglantine but only of the sponge or little ball growing amid the
fetch away the very Ellebore again if it lay ouer-long in the body either by other purgatiue medicines or by clysters oftentimes also by opening a veine or bloud-letting And say that Ellebore taken in manner aforesaid wrought very well yet they vsed to obserue euery vomit the diuers colors of humors that came away which many times were fearfull to behold yea and when the Patient had done casting they considered also the ordure and excrements that passed away by the belly they gaue order besides for bathing either before or after the taking of Ellebore as occasion best required yea and they took great heed and regard of the whole body besides and yet did what they could the terrible name and report that went of this medicine passed all their care and circumspection whatsoeuer for it was an opinion generally held and receiued That Ellebore doth eat away and consume the flesh seething in the pot if it be boiled therewith But herein were the antient Physitians much too blame and greatly in fault in that they were ouer timorous and for feare of such accidents insuing vpon this medicine gaue it in too small a dose wheras indeed the greater quantity that one taketh of it the more speedily it worketh and the sooner passeth out of the body when it hath once done the errand Themison vsed to prescribe two drams and not aboue The Physitians who followed after allowed the dose of foure drammes grounding vpon a notable and famous apothegme or speech of Herophylus who was wont to say that Ellebore was like vnto a valiant and hardy captaine for when quoth he it hath stirred all the humors within the body it self issueth forth first and maketh way before them Moreouer there is a strange and singular deuise To clip the root of Ellebore with small sizzers or sheares into little pieces then to sift them through a sercer that the bark or rind may remain still and when it is clensed and purged from the pith or marrow within the same may fall thorow and passe away which is passing good to stay vomits in case the Ellebore doe worke too extreamely furthermore if we looke for good successe in our cure by ministring of Ellebore in any wise wee must take heed and be carefull how we giue it in close weather and vpon a darke and cloudie day for certainly it putteth the Patient to a jumpe or great haâ—…ard and causeth most grieuous and intollerable pains and torments For that it should be taken in summer rather than in winter no man doubteth thereof Ouer and besides the bodie ought to be prepared a seuen-night before during which time the Patient is to eat tart and sharp meats and poignant sauces to abstaine from wine altogether and the fourth and third day before to assay by little and little to vomit gently last of all to forbeare supper ouer-night when hee is to take his Ellebore the morrow As touching the manner of giuing Ellebore the white may be drunke in some sweet wine but the best and chiefest way of taking it is in milke grewell or pottage Of late dayes there is come vp a pretty inuention To slit or cut Radish roots and within those gashes to stick or enterlace pieces of white Ellebore which don to bind them close vp again that the strength and vertue thereof may be incorporat in the foresaid roots and thus by the means of this kind temperature with the Radish to giue it vnto the Patient Ordinarily this medicine of Ellebore continueth not aboue foure houres within the body but it commeth vp againe and within seuen it hath done working And thus being vsed as is before said it is a most soueraigne remedie for the falling sicknesse the swimming or dizzinesse of the head it cureth melancholicke persons troubled in mind such as be brain-sick mad lunaticke phrantick and furious it is singular good for the Elephantie the foule and dangerous morphew called Leuce the filthie leprosie and the generall convulsion whereby the body continueth stiffe and starke as it were all one peece without any joynt It helpeth those that be troubled with trembling shiuering and shaking of their lims with the gout and the dropsie and namely such as bee entering into a tympanie singular it is for those that haue weake and feeble stomackes and can keepe nothing that they take for such as are giuen to spasmes or crampes lie bed-rid of the dead palsie or such chronicke diseases encumbered with the Sciatica haunted with the quartaine Ague which will not be ridde away by any other meanes troubled with an old cough vexed with ventosities and griping wrings and torments which be periodicall and vse to come and goe at certaine set times howbeit Physitians forbid the giuing of Ellebore vnto old folk and yong children Item to such as be of a foeminine and delicate bodie as also to those that be in minde effoeminate likewise to those who are thinne and slender soft and tender in which regards wee may not be altogether so bold to giue it vnto women as vnto men In like manner this is a medicine that would not bee ministred inwardly to fearefull timorous and faint-hearted persons neither to those who haue any vlcer in the precordiall region about the midriffe ne yet vnto such as vsually bee giuen to swell in those parts and least of all vnto those that spit or reach vp bloud no more than to sickely and crasie persons who haue some tedious and lingring maladie as phthysicke c. hanging vpon them and namely if they be grieued and diseased in their sides or throat Neuerthelesse applied without the bodie in manner of a liniment with salted hogs grease it cureth the breaking forth of flegmaticke wheals and pimples as also healeth old sores remaining after imposthumes suppurate and broken mixed with parched or fried braleygroats it is a very rats-bane killeth both them mice The Gauls or Frenchmen when they ride a hunting into the chase vse to dip their arrow heads in the juice of Ellebore they haue this opinion that the venison which they take will eat the tenderer but then they cut away the flesh round about the wound made by the foresaid arrows Furthermore it is said That if white Ellebore be beaten to pouder and strewed vpon milk all the flies that tast thereof will die To conclude the said milke is good to rid away lice nits and such like vermin out of the head and other parts of the body CHAP. VI. ¶ Of the herbe Mithridation Of Scordotis or Scordium Of Polemonia and Philetaeria otherwise called Chiliodynama Of Eupatorie or Agrimonie Of great Centaurie otherwise named Chironea Of the little Centaurie named also Libadion and Felterrae Of Triorches and the medicinable vertues vpon these Simples depending CRatevas hath ascribed the inuention of one herb to K. Mithridates himselfe called after his name Mithridation this plant putteth forth no more than two leaues and those directly and immediatly from the
Euphorbium The same being grown thick and hard if a man break it resembleth gum Ammoniacke Tast it neuer so little at the tongues end it setteth all the mouth on a fire and so continueth it a long time hot but more by fits vntill in the end it parcheth and drieth the chaws and throat also far within CHAP. VIII ¶ Of Plantain Buglosse and Borrage Of Cynoglossa or Hounds tongue Of Buphthalmus i. Oxe eie or Many-weed Of Scythica Hippice and Ischaemon Of Vettonica and Cantabrica Of * Consiligo and Hiberis Of Celendine the great Canaria and Elaphoboscos Of Dictamnum Aristolochie or Hertwort That fish are delighted so much therwith that they will make hast vnto it and be soon taken Also the medicinable vertues of those herbs aboue named THemison a famous Physitian set forth a whole booke of the herbe Way-bred or Plantaine wherein he highly praiseth it and challengeth to himselfe the honor of first finding it out notwithstanding it be a triuiall and common herb trodden vnder euery mans foot Two kinds of it be found the one which is the lesser hath also narrower leaues and inclining more to a blackish green resembling for all the world sheepe * or lambs tongues the stalke is cornered bending downward to the ground it growes ordinarily in medows The other is greater with leaues enclosed as it were within certain ribs resembling the sides of our body which being in number seuen gaue occasion to some herbarists for to call it Heptapleuron as a man would say the seuen ribbed herb The stem of this Plantain riseth to a cubit in height much like to that of the Naphew That which groweth in moist and waterie places is of greater vertue than the other Of wonderfull power and efficacy it is by the astringent quality that it hath for to dry and condensate any part of the body and serueth many times in stead of a cautery or searing yron And there is nothing in the world comparable vnto it in staying of fluxes and destillations which the Creeks call Rheumatismes To Plantain may be ioined the herb * Buglossos so called for that the leafe is like an Oxe tongue This herb hath one speciall property aboue the rest that if it be put into a cup of wine it cheareth the heart and maketh them that drink it pleasant and merry whereupon it is called Euphrosynon Vnto this for affinity of name it were good to annex Cynoglossos i. Hounds tongue for the resemblance that the leaues haue to a dogs tongue a proper herb for vinet-works and knots in gardens It is commonly said That the root of that Cynoglossos which putteth forth 3 stems or stalks and those bearing seed if it be giuen to drink cureth tertian agues but the root of that which hath foure is as good for the Quartains Another * Cynoglossos there is like to it which carrieth small burs the root whereof being drunke in water is a singular counterpoison against the venome of toads and serpents An herb there is with flours like vnto oxe eies wherupon it took the name in Greek * Buphthalmos the leaues resemble Fennel it groweth about town sides it shutteth forth stalkes from the root plentifully which being boiled are good to be eaten Some there be who call it Cachla This herb made into a salue with wax resolueth all * schirrous and hard swellings Other plants there be which beare the names not of men but of whole nations which first found them and their vertues out And to begin withall beholden we are to Scythia for that which is called Scythica It groweth notwitstanding in Boeotia and is exceeding sweet in tast Also there is another of that name singular good for the cramps called by the Greeks Spasmata An excellent property it hath besides for that whosoeuer holds it in their mouth shall for the time be neither hungry nor thirsty Of the same operation there is another herb among the Scythians or Tartars called Hippice because it workes the like effect in horses keeping them from hunger and thirst And if it be true that is reported the Scythians with these herbs wil endure without meat or drink for twelue daies together Touching the herbe Ischaemon the Thracians first found out the rare vertue that it hath in stanching bloud according as the very name implies For say they it wil stop the flux of bloud running and gushing out of a veine not only opened but also if it were â—…ut through It coucheth and creepeth low by the ground and is like vnto Millet but that the leaues be rough and hairy The manner is to stuffe the nosthrils therewith for to stay the bleeding at nose And that which groweth in Italy stancheth bloud if it be but hanged about the neck or tied to any part of the body The people in Spaine named Vettones were the first authors of that herb which is called in France * Vettonica in Italy Serratula and by the Greeks Cestron or Psychotrophon Surely an excellent herb this is and aboue all other simples most worthy of praise It commeth forth of the ground and riseth vp with a cornered stalke to the heigh of two cubits spreading from the very root leaues of the bignesse of Sorrell cut in the edges or toothed in manner of a saw with floures of a purple color growing in a spike seed correspondent therto The leaues dried and brought into pouder be good for very many vses There is a wine and vineger made or condite rather with Betony soueraign for to strengthen the stomack and clarifie the eiesight This glorious prerogatiue hath Betony that look about what house soeuer it is set or sowed the same is thought to be in the protection of the gods and safe enough for committing any offence which may deserue their vengeance and need any expiation or propitiatory sacrifice In the same Spain groweth * Cantabrica lately found by the people Cantabri and no longer since than in the daies of Augustus Caesar. This herb is to be seen euery where rising vp with a benty or rushy stalk a foot high vpon which you may behold small long floures like to cups or beakers wherein lie enclosed very small seeds Certes to speak the truth of Spain it hath bin alwaies a nation curious in seeking after simples And euen at this day in their great feasts where they meet to make merry Sans-nombre they haue a certain wassell or Bragat which goeth round about the table made of honied wine or sweet mead with a hundred distinct herbs in it and they are persuaded that it is the most pleasant and wholsomest drinke that can be deuised yet there is not one amongst them all who knoweth precisely what speciall herbs there be in all that number in this only they be all perfect that there go a hundred seuerall kinds therto according as the name doth import In our age we remember well that there was an hero discouered in
also called in Latine Daucum is a good remedy for the pain in the head Moreouer the foresaid herb or root Cyclaminos if it be mixed with hony and put vp as an errhin or nasal into the nosthrils purgeth the brain the same brought into an ointment healeth the scalls and sores in the head Of the like operation is Veruain which they cal in Greek Peristereos The wild Caraway named Cacalia or Leontine beareth certain grains resembling smal seed pearls which a man shal see hanging between the leaues which be big large and it groweth lightly vpon hils take 15 of these grains or seeds steep them well in oile and make therof a liniment it is passing good to rub and annoint the head withall so it be done vpward against the haire Furthermore the herb Callitriche is singular good to prouoke sneezing it beareth leaues much like vnto those of Lentils or Ducks meat the stalks be very small like sine bents and the root is as little it delighteth to grow in coole shady and moist grounds and is of a sharp and hot tast For the lowsie disease wherein lice and such vermin crawle in exceeding abundance all ouer the head there is not a better medicine than an ointment made of hyssope and oyle stamped and incorporat together the same likewise killeth the itch in the head Now the best hyssop is that of Cilicia growing vpon the mountaine Taurus and in a second degree there is reckoning made of that which commeth out of Pamphylia and Smyrna An herb this is nothing friendly to the stomack being taken with figs it purgeth downward with hony by vomit howbeit stamped with hony salt and cumin and so reduced into a plaster it is thought to be a proper remedy for the sting of serpents Lonchitis is not the same herb as most men haue thought that Xiphion or Phasganion although the seed be pointed like to a speare head for it beareth leaues resembling leeke blades which toward the root be red and more in number than about the stem it selfe it carrieth little heads in the top made after the fashion of maskes or visors such as players in Comoedies are wont to weare lilling out pretty little tongues and the roots be exceeding long yet it groweth in drie grounds far from water Contrariwise Xiphion or Phasganion delighteth in waterish and moist places at the first comming vp it maketh a shew of a sword blade the stem riseth vp to the heigth of two cubits the root hath beards or fringes as it were hanging about it and is in fashion shaped to a filberd nut which ought to be digged out of the ground before haruest and to be dried in the shade the vpper part of this root for it groweth double stamped with Frankincense and mixed with wine of equal weight and so made into a salue draweth out the spills or broken scales in the brain-pan or scull the same is good likewise to draw any impostume that is broken and to fetch out corruption in any part of the body and it is singular for the bones that be broken and crushed vnder cart or waggon wheels lastly the same is an effectuall remedy against poisons But to returne againe to the head ach the said Ellebore boiled either in common oile or els in oile rosat and applied in manner of a liniment doth assuage the same so doth Peucedanum i. Hare-strange being incorporat in oile of roses and vineger The same also being laied vnto the head warm doth mitigat the pain called the migram when as the one half of the head doth ake and it cureth beside the dizzinesse of the braine The root of Peucedanum made into an ointment and vsed accordingly prouoketh sweat by reason of the hot nature that it hath which is burning and causticke The herb Fleawort which some cal Psyllion others Cynoides Chrystallion Sicelion and Cynomyia hath a small root whereof there is little or no vse in Physick The branches that it bringeth forth be slender and pliable in manner of vine shoots bearing in the top certain big berries or knobs like vnto beans the leaues not vnlike to dogs heads the seed resembleth dogs fleas whereupon it hath that name Cynomyia and the same lieth within the foresaid berries The herb it selfe is ordinarily growing in vineyards of great vertue it is to refrigerat and to discusse or resolue withall but the seed it is which yeeldeth most vse in Physicke and the same is applied in a frontall to the forehead and temples with vineger and oile of roses or else with vineger and water together for to allay the paine of the head For other accidents when it is applied in forme of a liniment the manner is to take the measure of one acetable and to infuse it in a sextar of water vntill it gather together into a thicke and clammie substance then it would be stamped and the mucilage or slime drawne out thereof serueth for any paine impostume and inflammation Ouer and besides Aristolochia is a singular herb for the wounds of the head it draweth forth broken bones and spils in any part of the head and so doth Pistolochia To conclude there is an herb called Thysselium not vnlike to garden Parsley the root whereof if it be but chewed in the mouth purgeth the head of phlegmaticke humours CHAP. XII ¶ Receits for the diseases of the eies made of Centaurie Celendine Panaces Henbane and Euphorbium IT is thought that the Rha-pontick which is the greater Centaurie helpeth the eie-sight verie much if a fomentation be made therewith and water together The juice of the lesse Centaurie tempered with hony and applied helpeth the imperfections of the eies namely when there seeme gnats to flie before them or when they are ouer cast with a cloud for it scattereth the dimnesse and web which darkeneth the sight and doth subtiliate the cataract or cicatrices that ouergrow the ball or apple The herbe Sideritis is so appropriate vnto the eies that it cureth the verie haw that groweth in horses eies But so excellent is the herbe Celendine that it passeth them all and is a soueraigne medicine for all such imperfections The root of Panaces mixed with parched or fried barly meale maketh a good cataplasme for to represse the rheume of watery and weeping eies And there is a singular drink commended for the staying of such humors made of Henbane seed one obulus of Opium or the juice of Poppy and wine as much Some put therto the like quantity of the juice of Gentian which also they vsed to mingle with collyries and eie-salues that require some sharpnesse and acrimony in stead of the foresaid Opium or Poppy juice Moreouer Euphorbium clarifies the eie-sight if there be an inunction made therewith For bleered eies it is good to drop the juice of Plantain into them As for the thick mists that hinder the eie-sight Aristolochia doth discusse and resolue them The herb Iberis bound vnto the
annointed it cleanseth and cleareth them but it causeth them to weepe and water like as smoke doth whereupon it tooke the name Capnos in Greek If the haire of the eie-lids be once pulled forth and then the edges or brims be annointed therewith it will keep them for euer comming vp againe Acorus hath leaues like to the Flour-de-lis but that they be only narrower growing to a longer stele or taile the roots be black not so full of veins nor grained otherwise they agree well with the Ireos root hot biting at the tongues end To smel vnto they are not vnpleasant and being taken inwardly they do gently moue rifting and cause the stomack to breake winde vpward The best Acoros roots be those which come from Pontus then they of Galatia and in a third rank are they to be set which are brought out of Candy Howbeit the principall and the greatest plenty are those esteemed which grow in the region Colchis neere to the riuer Phasis and generally in what countrey soeuer they that come vp in watery grounds be chiefe the fresher that the roots be and more newly drawn the stronger sent and lesse pleasant taste they haue with them than after they haue bin long kept aboue ground Those of Candy be whiter than the other of Pontus They vse to cut them into gobbets as big as a mans finger and then hang them within bags or pouches of leather a drying in the shade I find in certain writers that the root of Oxymyrsine is called Acaros and therfore some alluding to the name of Acoros chuse rather to call this plant Acaron the wild Well the root of Acorus is of great operation and effect to heat and extenuat and therefore the juice thereof taken in drinke is singular against catarracts or any accidents of the eies that cause dimnesse Soueraigne likewise it is taken to be against the venome of serpents Cotyled on named in Latine Vmbilicus Veneris is a pretty little herb hauing a tender and a smal stem a leafe thick fatty growing hollow like to the concauity wherin the huckle-bone turneth and therupon it took the foresaid name in Greek It groweth by the sea side and in rocky or stony grounds of a liuely green colour and the root round much like to an Oliue The juice is thought to cure the eies Another kind there is of Cotyledon with grosse and sattie leaues likewise but broader than the former Toward the root they grow thicker which they seem to compasse and inclose as it were an eie A most harsh vnpleasant tast it hath the stem is high but very slender This herb hath the same properties which the Flour-de-lis Of Sengreen or Housleek which the Greeks call Aizoon there be two kinds The greater is ordinarily planted in earthen pans or vessels set out before the windows of houses which some name Buphthalmon others Zoophthalmon and Stergethron because it is thought so good in loue drinks or amorous medicines others again giue it the name Hypogeson for that it is seen to grow vnder the eaues of houses There are also who loue to term it Ambrosia Amerimnos Here in Italy they call it Sedum the greater Oculus also and Digitellus For the second kinde is somewhat lesse which the Grecians distinguish by the name Erithales or Trithales because it beareth floures thrice in the yeare others Chrysothales and some again Isoetes But both the one and the other they call Aizoon because they be alwaies fresh and green according to which name in Greek some giue it the Latine name Sempervivum The greater kind beareth a stem a cubit high and more and the same of the thicknesse of a mans thumb with the better The leaues in the head or top whereof be like vnto a tongue fleshy and fat full of juice a good inch broad some bending downe and coping toward the earth others standing vpright but so as if a man mark their round circle or compasse wherein they lie couched he shal obserue the very proportion of an eie The lesse Sengreen or Iubarb groweth vpon walls and specially such as be ruinat and broken down likewise vpon the tiles of house-roofs This herb is tufted with leaues from the very root euen to the top of the branches The leaues be narrow and sharp pointed and full of juice The stalk groweth a good hand breadth or span high The root is not medicinable nor of any vse Much like to this is that herb which the Greeks call Andrachne Agria i. wilde Purcellane the Italians Illecebra The leaues be but small to speake of how be it broader than those of the herb before named and shorter toward the top It groweth vpon rocks and stony places folke vse to gather it for to eat All these last rehearsed haue the same operation for they be exceeding cold and a stringent withall Good they be to stay the rheum that salleth into the eies and causeth them to water whether the leaues be applied to them or the juice in manner of a liniment moreouer they clense and mundifie the vlcers of the eies theâ—… do also incarnat heale and skin them vp singular good besides to loose and open the eie-lids when they are glued and closed vp with viscous gum The same do allay the head-ache if either the temples be annointed with the iuice therof or the leaues be applied to them Moreouer they mortifie or kil the poyson inflicted by the prick of the venoâ—…ous spiders Phalangia but the greater Sengreene hath this peculiar vertue to resist the deadly poison of the herb Aconitum Furthermore it is sayd that whosoeuer carry it about them shal not be stung by scorpions All the kinds of them are proper remedies for the pain in the ears Like as the iuice of Henbane also if it be applied moderatly of Achillea and the best Centaury of Plantaine and Harstrang together with oile rosat and Opium finally the juice of Acorns or Galangale vsed with Roses is much commended in that case But this would be noted that the manner of preparing of all these juices is to heat them first then to conuey or infuse them into the ear by a pipe for the purpose called an Orenchyte Semblably the herb Vmbilicus Veneris or Cotyledon is much commended for mundifying the ears when they run with filthy matter especially if it be tempered with deere sewet and namely of a Stag or Hind and so instilled hot The iuice of the Walwort root clarified and strained through a fine linnen cloth and soon after dried hardened in the Sun healeth the swelling impostumations vnder the ears if as need requireth it be dissolued in oile of Roses and so applied hot The like effect in that case hath Veruain Plantain Sideritis also being incorporat in old Hogs grease After the same manner Aristolochia together with Cyperus healeth the stinking and ilfauored vlcer of the nose called Noli-me-tangere The root of
feare least it being replanted againe by these Herbarists such is the malicious sorcerie of some of them as I haue already shewed the malady returne and be as bad as it was before the like caueat I find giuen vnto them who are cured of this disease eitherby Mugwort or Plantaine The herb Damasonium called likewise Alisma if it be gathered about the Summer solstead applied vnto the foresaid wens with rain water is singular good for them for which purpose the leaues are to be stamped or the root bru sed and incorporat with hogs grease and so applied in a liniment with charge That the place be couered with a leafe of the same in which manner prepared and vsed it serueth to allay all pains in the nape of the neck and to keep downe or dissipat the swelling in any part of the body There is an herb growing commonly in â—…o vs called the Daisie with a white floure partly inclining to a red which if it be ioined with Mugwort in an ointment is thought to make the medicine far more effectual for the kings euil Condurdum is an herb of smal continuance for about the Summer Solstice it sheweth a red floure and soon sheddeth the same which as they say if it be hanged about the neck represseth and keepeth vnder the foresaid disease the like doth Veruaine together with Plantaine vsed and worne in the same manner Touching all the accidents happening to the fingers and namely the excrescences risings of the skin about the roots of the nailes called in Greeke Pterygia Cinquefoile is a singular good herb for them Amongst all the infirmities of the breast the cough is most troublesome and grieuous for which the root of Panaces in sweet wine is a soueraigne remedie The juice of Henbane is excellent for them also that reach vp bloud out of the breast and the very smoke therof as it burneth is as proper for them that cough In like manner Scordotis beeing dried and made into pouder afterwards mingled with cresses and rosin and so reduced into a liquid confection or lohoch cureth the cough The said herb taken simply by it self alone raiseth tough flegme out of the brest and causeth it to break from the patient with ease The like effect hath Centaurie the greater yea though a man did bring vp bloud for which infirmity the juice of Plantain also is thought to be singular Betony taken in water to the weight of three oboli is of great force against the spitting of bloud and raising vp of filthy matter out of the chest The root of the great bur hath the like vertue if it be eaten to the weight of one dram with 11 Pine-nuts The juice of Harstrang as also Galangale is good for the pain in the brest and therfore they go both of them into preseruatiues and antidots which serue for counterpoisons The Carot likewise helpeth those that cough like as the herb Scythica which is the wild Caraway for beeing drunk to the weight of 3 cyaths in sweet wine cuit it is generally good for all diseases of the brest for the cough and helpeth such as fetch vp filthy and rotten matter CHAP. VI. ¶ Of Mullen or Lungwort of Cacalia of Folefoot called Tussilago or Bechium and of Sauge herbs all appropriate for the cough MVllen or Lungwort with the yellow golden floure being in like maner taken to the same quantity eases the foresaid infirmities Certes this herb is of that efficacy in these cases that if a drench thereof be giuen to horses which not onely haue the cough but also bee broken winded it wil help them the same effects I find attributed to Gentian The root of Cacalia soked in wine and chewed is good not onely for the cough but also for the infirmities in the throat Take 5 branches or slips of hyssop and two sprigs of rue with 3 figs seeth these together it is an excellent drink for to discharge the brest of flegme that stuffeth it Folefoot called in Greek Bechion that is to say in Latin Tussilago doth appease the violence of the cough Two kinds there be of this herb the wild which wheresoeuer it is seene to grow sheweth that there is water vnder it a thing that they know well enough who seek for springs for they take it to be an assured sign and direction to water it beareth leaues like to Iuy but somwhat bigger either 5 or 7 in number which vnderneath or toward the ground be somwhat whitish but aboue in the vpper side of a pale colour without floure stem or seed and the root is but small Some would haue it and Chamâ—…leuce both to be one and the same herb called by diuers names take this herb leafe and root together when they be dried set all on fire and receiue the smoke by a pipe as if you would suck or drinke it downe it is they say a notable medicine to cure an old cough but between euery pipe you must sip a pretty draught of sweet wine The second Bechion some would haue to be called Saluia an herb like vnto Mullen stampe the same and let the juice run through a streiner which being made hot drink it for the cough and pain in the sides This herb likewise is very effectuall against scorpions sea-dragons Also an inunction made therwith and oile together is commended much for the sting of serpents A bunch of hyssope sodden with three ounces of hony is a fine medicine for the cough CHAP. VII ¶ For the paine of the sides and breast for those that cannot draw their wind but sitting vpright for the paine of the lâ—…uer the heart ach for the lights difficulty of vrine the cough the breast vlcers for the eies for the flux of the belly occasioned by a feeble liuer against immoderat vomits for the yex the pleurisie and all griefes of the side LVngwort or Mullen drunke in water with Rue is very good for the pain of the sides and the brest for which purpose also they say that pouder of Betony is as good if it be taken in water wel warmed The juice of Scordotis is holden to be a great corroboratiue of the stomack so is Centaury also Gentian drunk in a draught of water Plantain either eaten alone by it selfe or with a gruell broth of Lentils or els with a frumenty potage made with wheat is comfortable to the stomack Betony although otherwise it lie heauy in the stomacke yet if one either chew the leaues or drink them in some broth it helpeth much the defects infirmities thereof In like case Aristolochia if it be taken in drinke Also Agaricke chewed drie so as betwixt whiles the patient sup a little of pure wine of the grape hath like vertue as for Nymphâ—…a or Nemphar syrnamed Heraclia it strengtheneth the stomacke applied outwardly in a siniment euen so doth the juice of Harstrang For the hot distemper of the stomacke it is good to lay vnto it the
creature whatsoeuer will touch the roots vnlesse it be Spondylis and that is a kind of serpent which indeed spareth none As for this one point namely that the roots of herbs be lesse in force and of weaker operation in case the seed bee suffered to ripen vpon the plant no man maketh any doubt as also that their seeds be nothing so effectuall if incision were made in the roots for to draw juice out of them before the said seed is fully ripe Furthermore this is known found by experience that the ordinary vse of all simples doth alter their properties and diminish their strength insomuch as whosoeuer is daily accustomed vnto them shall not find when need requires their vertue powerfull at all either to do good or to work harme as others shall who seldome or neuer were acquainted with them Ouer and besides all herbs be more forcible in their operations which grow in cold parts exposed to the Northeast winds likewise in dry places than in the contrary Also there is no small difference to be considered betweene nation and nation for as I haue heard them say who are of good credit as touching worms and such like vermin the people of Egypt Arabia Syria and Cilicia be troubled infested with them wheras contrariwise some Graecians Phrygians haue none at all breeding among them But lesse maruel there is of that considering how among the Thebans and Boeotians who confine vpon Attica such vermine is rife and common and yet the Athenians are not giuen at all to ingender and breed them the speculation whereof carrieth me away again vnto a new discourse of liuing creatures and their natures and namely to fetch from thence the medicins which Nature hath imprinted in them of greater proofe and certainty than any other for the remedy of all diseases Certes this great Mother of all things entended not that any liuing creature should serue either to feed it selfe only or to be food for to satisfie others but her will was and she thought it good to insert and ingraffe in their inward bowels wholsom medicines for mans health to counterpoise those medicinable vertues which she had ingrauen and bestowed vpon those surd and sencelesse herbes nay her prouidence was such that the soueraigne and excellent means for maintenance of our life should be had from those creatures which are indued with life the contemplation of which divine mysterie surpasseth all others and is most admirable THE TVVENTY EIGHTH BOOK OF THE HISTORIE OF NATVRE WRITTEN BY C. PLINIVS SECVNDVS CHAP. I. ¶ The medicinable vertues of liuing creatures HAuing discouered as well all those things which are ingendred between Heauen and Earth as also their natures there remained nothing for me to discourse of saue only the Minerals digged out of the ground but that this late Treatise of mine as touching the medicinable properties of Herbs Trees and other plants draweth me quite a side from my purpose and haleth me back againe to consider the foresaid liuing creatures themselues euen the subject matter of Physicke in regard of greater meanes found out euen in them to aduance Physicke and cure diseases For to say a truth since I haue described and pourtraied both Herbes and Floures since I haue discouered many other things rare and difficult to be found out should I conceale such meanes for the health of man as are to be found in man himselfe or should I suppresse other kind of remedies which are to be had from creatures liuing amongst vs as wee doe if they may benefit vs especially seeing that our very life is no better than torment and miserie vnlesse we be free from paine and sicknesse No verily and far be it from me that I should so do But on the contrary side I will do my best indeuor to performe and finish this task also how long and tedious soeuer it may seem to be for my full intent and resolution is so I may benefit posteritie and doe good to the common life of man the lesse to respect the pleasing of fine eares or to expect thanks from any person And to bring this my purpose about I mean to search into the customes of forre in countries yea and to lay abroad the rites and fashions of barbarous nations referring the readers who shal make scruple to beleeue my words vnto those Authors whom I alledge for my warrant And yet herein this care I haue euer had To make choice in my reports of such things as haue bin held and in manner adjudged true by a generall consent approbation of all writers as coueting to stand more vpon the choice of substance than the variety and plenty of matter But before I enter into this argument I thinke it very necessary to aduertise the Reader thus much That whatsoeuer I haue heretofore written of liuing creatures concerneth the instinct of Nature wherewith they be indued and certain simples whereof they haue giuen vs the knowledge for surely as much good haue they done vnto vs by the medicinable herbs by them found out as possibly they can by the remedies which themselues do affoord from their own bodies But now it remaineth to shew simply the medicinable helpful properties in themselues which notwithstanding in the former treatise were not altogether left out and passed ouer And therefore this my present discourse of those creatures howsoeuer it is in nature different yet it dependeth of the other Begin then I will at Man himselfe to see what Physick there may be found in him to help his neighbor In which first entrance of mine there presenteth it selfe vnto mine eie one object that troubleth and offendeth my mind exceeding much for now adaies you shal see them that are subiect to the falling euil for to drink the very bloud of fencers and sword-plaiers as out of liuing cups a thing that when we behold within the same shew-place euen the tygres lyons and other wild beasts to do we haue it in horrour as a most fearfull and odious spectacle And these monstrous minded persons are of opinion That the said bloud forsooth is most effectuall for the cure of that disease if they may sucke it breathing warme out of the man himselfe if they may set their mouth I say close to the veine to draw thereby the very heart bloud life and all how vnnaturall soeuer otherwise it be holden for a man to put his lips so much as to the wounds of wild beasts for to drinke their bloud nay there be others that lay for the marow bones the very braine also of young infants and neuer make strange to find some good meat and medicine therein Ye shall find moreouer among the Greeke writers not a few who haue deciphered distinctly the seuerall tastes as well of euery inward part as outward member of mans body and so neare they haue gone that they left not out the paring of the very nailes but they could pick out of them some fine Physicke as if
health consisted in this That a man should become as bloudie as a sauage beast or that be counted a remedy which indeed is cause of a mischiefe and malady And wel deserue such bloud-suckers and cruell leeches to be frustrat of their cure and thereby to worke their owne bane and destruction for if it be held vnlawfull and abhominable to prie and look into the entrails and bowels of a mans body what is it then to chew and eat them But what monster was hee who first broched this geare and deuised such accursed drugs Ah wicked wretch the inuenter and artificer of those monstrosities thou that hast ouerthrowne all law of humanity for with thee wil I haue to do against thee will I whet my tongue and turne the edge of my style who first didst bring vp this bruitish leech-craft for no other purpose but to be spoken of another day and that the world might neuer forget thy wicked inuentions What direction had he who thus began to deuoure mans body lim by lim nay what conjecture or guesse moued him so to do what might the originall and foundation be whereupon this diuelish Physick was grounded what should he be that bare men in hand and would persuade the world That the thing which is vsed as a poison in witchcraft and sorcerie should auaile more to the health of man than other knowne and approued remedies Set case that some barbarous people vsed so to do say that strange nations and far remoued from all ciuility had these manners among them must the Greekes take vp those fashions also yea and credit them so much as to reduce them into a method amongst other their goodly Arts And yet see what Democritus one of them haue done there be extant at this day books of his inditing and penning wherein you shal reade That the soul of a wicked malefactor is in some cases better than that of an honest person and in other That of a friend and guest preferred before a stranger As for Apollonius another of that brood hee hath written That if the gums be scarrified with the tooth of a man violently slain it is a most effectuall and present remedy for the tooth-ach Artemon had no better receit for the falling sicknesse than to draw vp water out of a fountaine in the night season and to giue the same vnto the Patient to drink it in the brain-pan of a man who died some violent death so he were not burnt And Antheus took the scull of one that had bin hanged and made pills thereof which he ministred vnto those who were bitten by a mad dog for a soueraigne remedy Moreouer these writers not content to vse these sorceries about men imploied the medicines also of the parts of man to the cure of foure footed beasts and namely if kine or oxen were dew-blowne or otherwise puffed vp they were wont to bore holes through their horns so to inlay or interlard them as it were with mens bones finally when swine were diseased they tooke the fine white wheat Siligo being permitted to lie one whole night in the very place where some men were killed or burnt and gaue it them to eat As for me and all vs that are Latine writers God forbid we should defile our papers with such filthinesse our intention is to put downe in writing those good and wholsome medicines which man may affoord vnto man and not to set abroad any such detestable and hainous sorceries as for example to shew what medicinable vertue there may be in brest-milke of women newly deliuered what healthfull operation there is in our fasting spittle or what the touching of a man or womans body may auaile in the cure of any malady and many other semblable things arising from naturall causes For mine owne part verily I am of this mind That we ought not so much to make of our health or life as to maintain and preserue the same by any indirect course and vnlawful meanes And thou whosoeuer thou be that doest addict thy selfe to such villanies whiles thou liuest shalt die in the end a death answerable to thy beastly and execrable life To conclude therefore let euery man for to comfort his heart and to cure the maladies of his mind set this principle before his eies That of all those good gifts which Nature hath bestowed vpon man there is none better than to die in a fit and seasonable time and in so doing this is simply the best That in his power it is and the meanes hee hath to chuse what death he list CHAP. II. ¶ Whether Words Spels or Charmes are auaileable in Physicke Also whether wonders and strange prodigies may be either wrought and procured or put by and auoided by them or no. THe first point concerning the remedies medicinable drawn from out of man which mooueth the greatest question and the same as yet not decided and resolued is this Whether bare Words Charms and Inchantments be of any power or no If it be granted Yea then no doubt ought we to ascribe that vertue vnto man But the wisest Philosophers and greatest Doctors take them one by one doubt thereof and giue no credit at all thereto And yet go by the common voice of the whole world you shall find it a generall beleefe and a blinde opinion alwaies receiued whereof there is no reason or certain experience to ground vpon For first and formost we see that if any beast be killed for sacrifice without a sett forme of praier it is to no purpose and held vnlawfull semblably if these inuocations be omitted when as men seeke to any Oracles and would be directed in the wil of gods by beasts bowels or otherwise all booteth not but the gods seem displeased thereby Moreouer the words vsed in crauing to obtaine any thing at their hands run in one form and the exorcismes in diuerting their ire turning away some imminent plagues are framed after another sort also there be proper termes seruing for meditation only and contemplation Nay we haue seene and obserued how men haue come to make suit and tender petitions to the soueraign and highest magistrats with a preamble of certain set prayers Certes so strict and precise men are in this point about diuine seruice that for fear least some words should be either left out or pronounced out of order there is one appointed of purpose as a prompter to read the same before the priest out of a written booke that hee misse not in a tittle another also set neare at his elbow as a keeper to obserue and mark that he faile not in any ceremony or circumstance and a third ordained to goe before and make silence saying thus to the whole assembly congregation Favete linguis i. spare your tongues and be silent and then the fluits and haut-boies begin to sound and play to the end that no other thing be heard for to trouble his mind or interrupt him the while And verily
there haue been memorable examples knowne of strange accidents insuing both waies namely as often as either the vnlucky foules by their vntoward noise haue disturbed and done hurt or if at any time there haue bin error committed in the prescript prayer exorcisme for by this means it falleth out oftentimes that all on a sudden as the beast standeth there in place to be sacrificed the master veine in the liuer named the head thereof is found missing among other entrails and the heart likewise wanting or contrariwise both these to be double and appeare twain for one And euen at this day there remaineth a most notable precedent and example to all posterity in that prescript forme of exorcisme whereby the two Decij both the father and sonne betooke themselues to all the hellish furies and fiends infernall moreouer the imprecation of the vestall Nun Tuccia when shee was put to proue her virginity continueth extant vpon record by vertue of which charme she carried water in a sive without shedding one drop which happened in the yeare after the foundation of Rome city 609. And verily no longer ago than of late time in our own age we saw two Graecians to wit a man and a woman yea and some of other nations with whom in those daies wee maintained warres buried quicke within the beast-market in Rome in which maner of sacrifice whosoeuer readeth the prayer or exorcisme that is vsed and which the VVarden or Principall of the colledge of the Quindecemvirs is woont to reade and pronounce to the exorcist he would no doubt confesse that such charmes and execrations be of great importance and namely seeing they haue bin all approoved and found effectuall by the experience and euents obserued for the space of eight hundred and thirtie yeares As for our vestall virgins in these our daies we are certainely persuaded and beleeue that by the vertue of certaine spels and charmes which they haue they be able to arrest and stay any fugitiue slaue for running one foot farther prouided alwaies that they be not gone already without the pourprise and precinct of the city wals Now if this be receiued once as an vndoubted and confessed truth and if we admit that the gods do heare some praiers or be moued by any words then surely we may resolue at once of these conjectures and conclude affirmatiuely of the maine question Certes our ancestors from time to time haue euermore beleeued and deliuered such principle yea and that which of all other seemeth most incredible they haue affirmed constantly That by the power of such charmes and conjurations Thunder and Lightening might be fetched downe from aboue as I haue formerly shewed L. Piso reporteth in the first booke of his Annals or yearely Chronicles That Tullus Hostilius king of Rome was stricken dead with Lightening for that when hee went in hand to call Iupiter downe out of heauen by vertue of a sacrifice which king Numa was woont to vse in that case hee had not obserued exactly all the exorcismes and ceremoniall words contained in those bookes of king Numa but swarued somwhat from them And many other writers do testifie that by the power of words and osses the destinies and prodigies of great importance presaged to one place haue bin cleane altered and transferred to another as it was like to haue happened to the Romanes at what time as they laied the foundation of Iupiters Temple vpon the mount or rocke Tarpeius For when they digged there for the foundation of the said Temple and chanced to finde within the ground a mans head the Senate of Rome sent certaine Embassadours of purpose to the Sages and VVisards of Tuscane to know the signification of this strange sight and miraculous occurrent VVhereof Olenus Calenus who was reputed the most famous diuinor and prophet of all the Tuscanes hauing some intelligence and foreseeing the great felicity and happinesse that it imported and presaged intended by subtill interrogatiue to translate the benefit thereof to his owne native countrey of Tuscane Hauing therefore first with a staffe set out and described as it were the modell and forme of a Temple vpon the ground which lay before him hee came about the Roman Embassadors beforesaid and questioned with them in this wilie manner Is it so Romans as you say and are these your words indeed There must be a Temple here of Iupiter that most gracions and mighty god we haue light here vpon a mans head Vnto which interrogation of his the said Roman Embassadours according to the instructions which they had receiued beforehand from the VVisard or Diuinors sonne answered in this manner No not here in this very place but at Rome we say the head was found And verily our antient Chronicles doe all of them most constantly affirm that had they not been thus forewarned and taught what to say but had simply answered Yea here we haue found a head c. The fortune of the Roman State and Empire had gone quite away to the Tuscans and been established among them The same had like to haue happened a second time as we may see in the Records and Monuments of old date when as a certain chariot with foure horses made of clay and prepared for to be set vpon the louver or lantern of the said temple chanced as it lay baking in the furnace to grow into an extraordinary bignesse For the foresaid Wise men of Tuscan being asked what the said prodigy should betoken practised the like as Olenus did but the Romans being wise wary in their words saued and retained the same fortune still for the behoofe of Rome which was presaged vnto them by that happy foretoken These examples may suffice to shew prooue euidently that the vertues and significations of these signes and presages do lie in our own power and are no otherwise of force and effect but according as euery one of them is so taken and accepted True it is and held for an vndoubted principle in the Augures discipline learning That neither cursed execrations ominous and vnlucky birds nor any other presage by their flight singing and feeding can touch those persons who take no heed of them and do protest plainly that they regard them not what businesse soeuer they go about and be entering into a greater gift than which and testimony of the diuine indulgence and fauor of the gods to vs we cannot haue thus to subiect their secrets to our puissance Moreouer in the laws and ordinances of the 12 tables here at Rome are not in one place these very words to be found Qui fruges occentassit i. whosoeuer shall enchant or fore-speake any corne or fruits of the earth and in another place Quimalum carmen iâ—…cantassit i. What person soeuer vseth pernicious charmes to the hurt or mischiefe of any creature Ouer and besides Verrius Flaccus doth affirm vpon the credit of certain Authors which be alleadgeth and beleeueth That the first thing which
hold any thing it is good to presse hard and straine the feet together or els to thrust both hands into hot water To come now vnto our speech and exercise of the tongue in many cases and for diuers causes it is wholsom to speak but little I haue head say that Mecaenas Messius inioined himselfe three yeres silence and during that time neuer spake word for that in a fit of a convulsion or crampe he had beforetime cast vp bloud In case any thing be ready to fall or rush violently against vs and that we be in danger of some stroke say that we be climbing vp hill or turned downe backward or lying along there is not the like meanes againe to preserue our bodies as to hold our winde and this inuention we had from a bruit and dumbe beast according as I haue shewed before Moreouer it is said that to stick down a spike or yron naile in that very place where a man or womans head lay during the fit of the falling sicknesse at the very first time that hee or she fell secureth the party that so doth for euer being troubled with that disease Also it is holden for a singular thing to mitigat the intollerable torments of the reins loins and bladder to pisse with the body bending forward and groueling in the bathing tubs within the baines As for greene wounds it is wonderfull how soon they will be healed in case they be bound vp and tied with a Hercules knot and verily it is thought that to knit our girdles which we weare about vs euery day with such a knot hath a great vertue in it by reason that Hercules first deuised the same Demetrius in a treatise that he compiled as touching the number of foure affirmeth that it is of great efficacy and he alledgeth reasons why it is not good to prescribe in any medicine to be drunke the quantitie of foure sextars or foure cyaths To rub the ears behind is supposed to be very good for them that are giuen to be bleare-eied like as to rub the forehead forweeping or watering eies Concerning the signs of life death which may be found in man this is one That so long as the Patients eie is so cleare that a man may see himselfe in the apple of it wee are not to despaire of life As for the Vrine of mankind diuers authors haue treated of it who as I find haue not onely set downe their reasons in nature as touching the vertue thereof but also haue bin very ceremonious and superstitious in handling that argument yea and they haue written distinctly of the seuerall kinds of vrine digested into certain principal heads And among other things I remember that they set down the vrine of men that are vnable for generation to be singular good by way of injection to make women fruitfull But to speak of such remedies as we may be bold to name with honesty the vrine of yong children who be not yet vndergrowne nor 14 yeres of age is good against the venomous humor of the Aspides or Adders which the Greeks name Ptyades for that they spit their poison vpon the eies and faces of men and women Also the same is held to be singular for the pearle the cataract the filmes the pin and web in the eies like as for the eie-lids also and the accidents happening vnto them Being incorporate with the floure of Eruile it is good for sun-burnings sodden also with bolled leeks to the consumption of the one halfe in a new earthen pot which was neuer occupied it is excellent to mundifie the eares that run with matter or that haue any worms or vermin within them and verily a stouph made with the vapour of this decoction bringeth downe the desired sicknesse of women Dame Salpe ordaineth to foment the eies with the said decoction for to fortifie the sight and to strengthen them that they fal not out of the head she appointeth to make a liniment with it and the white of an egge but principally if it be of an ostrich and therewith to annoint the skin that hath bin tanned and burnt in the Sun for the space of two houres together with it a man may wash away any blots or blurs of ink Mans vrine is much commended for the gout in the feet as wee may see by Fullers who neuer be goutie because ordinarily their feet are in mens vrine Stale chamber-lie or vrin long kept and incorporat together with the ashes of oister shels cureth the red-gomb in yong infants and generally in all running vlcers the same so prepared serueth in a liniment for eating cankers burns and scalds the swelling piles the chaps and rifts in the seat and feet also for the sting of serpents The most expert and skilfull midwiues haue pronounced all with one resolution that for to kill an itch in any part of the body to heale a scald head to scoure away dandruffe and scurfe in the head or beard and to cure the corroding vlcers in any place but in the priuy members especially there is not a liquor more effectuall than vrine with a little sal-nitre put thereto But surely euery mans own water if I may for reuerence of manhood so say is simply best and namely if the Patient that is bitten with a dog do straightways bath the place therewith or in case there be any prick of vrchin hedghog or such like spill sticking in the flesh to apply the same thereto in spunges or wooll and so let it lie on But say it was a mad dog that bit the Patient or that he be stung with a serpent it is good to temper it with ashes and lay it vnto the sore For as touching the vertue thereof against Scolopendres it is wonderfull what is reported namely That whosoeuer be hurt by them if they doe wet the crown of their heads but with one drop of their own vrine it will presently cure the same so as they shall feele no more pain nor harm thereby Ouer and besides by the speculation of our vrine we are able to giue iudgement and pronounce of health and sicknesse for if the first water made in a morning be white and cleare and the next after it higher coloured and inclining to a deep yellow the former sheweth that concoction was then begun and the second is a signe that digestion is now perfect A red vrine is naught but the black is worst of all likewise if it be ful of bubbles and froth aloft and be withal of a grosse and thick subsistence the same is but a bad water If the Hypostasis or Sediment which setleth heauy to the botom be white it signifieth that there is some pain and grieuance like to insue about the joints or principall parts within the body Doth an vrine look greenish it betokeneth some obstruction or disease already in the noble bowels and inwards is it of a pale hew it saith that choler aboundeth in that body
Dyrrhachium saith that for to make a mirror or looking glasse cleare againe which was dusked and dimmed by the aspect of a menstruous woman the next way is to cause her to cast her eies backward and to look ouer her shoulders vpon it again he saith moreouer that if women in that case haue about them the fish called a Barbill they shal not by that means infect or do hurt at all but the same menstruous bloud shall lose all the foresaid strength Well as hurtfull and mischieuous as it is otherwise yet many there be who affirm it to be in many diseases medicinable and namely for the gout if the place be annointed therwith as also if women while their monethly sicknesse is vpon them doe handle the wens named the Kings euil the swelling kernels behind the ears the broad tumors or biles called Pani shingles S. Anthonies fire felons or violent flux of humors to the eies or other parts there wil insue much ease therupon Lais and Salpe two notable strumpets haue left in writing That if the foresaid menstruous bloud bestowed within a little locke of wooll that came from a blacke Ram be worne inclosed within a siluer bracelet it is a soueraigne remedy against the biting of mad dogs and for Tertian and Quartan agues Diotimus of Thebes reporteth That any little peece or rag of cloth yea though it were but a thred stained therein and so set handsomly into a bracelet is sufficient to do as much Sotira the renowned midwife affirmed That there was not in the world so good a thing against the Tertian Quartan as to rub anoint therwith the soles of the patients feet but much more effectualy would it do the deed in case the woman her self had the doing of it with her own hand so as the sick party know not thereof in any hand And this quoth she is a soueraigne medicine to raise them out of a fit of the Epilepsie who are surprised and fallen therewith Icetidas a worthy Physitian among the Greeks assureth vs vpon his word That Quartane agues will make an end and go away by the act of generation at what time onely as a woman beginneth to enter into her fleurs But this is agreed vpon by all authors professed and seen in this theam that if one be bitten with a mad dog and so far gone that he is afraid of water so as he dare not see it or drink at all do but put a clout or shred of cloth dipped in the said menstruall bloud vnder the cup whereout hee is to drinke hee shall immediatly be deliuered from that feare And this commeth by that powerfull and predominant Sympathie whereof the Greeks write so much between mad dogs and the said bloud considering as I haue beforesaid that they begin first to run mad by tasting therof This is known for certain that the ashes of a burnt cloth infected therewith or of the bloud it self calcined is a singular pouder to heale the farcins or sores of horses and all such laboring beasts so it be mixed with the soot of chimny or furnace and al incorporat together with wax Now say there be any garment or cloth polluted therewith there is not any thing will take out the staine but the vrine onely of the same woman The ashes beforesaid tempered alone with oile of Roses into a liniment and so applied in maner of a frontal to the forehead allaieth the headach of women specially This also would be noted That for the first yeare after a woman hath known a man and so parted from her virginity her fleurs are most sharp mordant and fretting Furthermore this also is resolued clearly among all writers That there is no charme or enchantment whatsoeuer of any validity to doe harm to that house where the side posts or dore cheeks are striked lightly ouer with menstruous bloud an argument I assure you that convinceth notably the folly of these Magitians the vainest people vnder heauen and ouerthroweth all their art and a point that pleaseth me very wel which for mine own part I am right willing to beleeue and since I am light thus vpon them I care not much if to detect their vanities I set downe one of the most modest receits that they haue giuen their word for and which may seem to carry some shew of truth or probability For thus they prescribe with great warrantize To take al the nail-parings of toes and fingers of man or woman lying sick of an intermittent feuer and to mix or incorporat them with wax so as the party in the doing herof do say these words I am about a remedy for the Tertian Quotidian or Quartan ague according as the patient is troubled with the one or other of these feuers which done and said to stick vp the said wax vpon the dore of another man or womans house that is not sick at all and that before the Sun be risen which no doubt as they say wil cure the sick person and set the ague vpon another that was well before Now would I gladly know what greater vanitie and folly there can be if this medicine misse and do not the feat or what more villany and mischiefe than thus to transfer and remoue diseases from those that be sick already vnto such as be sound and think no harme To conclude some of these Magitians are so far gone that after all the foresaid nailes of fingers and toes be pared they ordaine them to be thrown into Ant-holes and to obserue that Emmet that first bigins to draw one of them into her nest to catch her vp quickly and hang her about the necke of any one that is sick of an ague and so the patient pro certo shall shake off the disease and be quite rid of it CHAP. VIII ¶ The medicines that are found in diuers strange and forrain beasts as namely the Elephant Lion Cammell Hyaena Crocodile Chamaeleon Skinke Water-horses and Ounces THese be the remedies which the bodies of men and women do affoord as many I meane as I may with some honesty relate and yet ywis many of them be such as are not to be read out and vttered but with leaue and patience first craued for the reuerence that we owe to chaste eares I know ful wel there is a great deale more behind that I haue not touched but such stuffe I assure you as is detestable and not fit to bee spoken or committed to writing which makes me rather to make hast and leaue the discourse of Man and Woman and so to proceed to the singular vertues and operations of bruit beasts And to begin with the Elephant The bloud of that beast especially the male staieth all fluxes of humors which the Greeks cal Rheumatismes The shauings of yvory which is the Elephants tooth incorporat with Attick hony scatter as folk say the duskish spots that appeare in the visage like as the dust thereof which the file or saw doth make
The same is good to be drunke in oxymell to the weight of two oboli for the falling sicknesse and applied in forme of a pessarie it prouoketh womens fleurs Now if you would chuse the best Crocodilea take that which is whitest brittle or easie to crumble least weighty in hand and withall swelling in manner of a leuaine if it be rubbed between the fingers The manner is to wash it as they do white lead called Cerusse Sophisticated it is with amyll or the scouring Fullers clay Tuckers earth called Cimolia but principally with the dung that sterlings meut which are of purpose caught and fed only with rice Now there is not a better thing in the world say these Magitians for the cataract than to anoint the eies with it and honey together And if a man may beleeue their words there is a soueraigne perfume made of the guts and the whole body besides for women who are sicke of the mother or otherwise diseased in the matrice if they sit ouer it whiles it smoketh In like manner it doth them good to be lapped round about with wooll that hath bin so perfumed The ashes of the Crocodiles skin as well the bigger as the lesse brought into a liniment with vineger and applied vnto those parts of the body which had need to be cut away or dismembred causeth the patient to haue no sense or feeling at all either of saw or launcer The very swoke also of the said skin burning doth the semblable The bloud of both Crocodiles mundifieth the eies and causeth them to see cleare which are annointed therewith remouing the filmes and dispatching the spots that impeach the same The very body or flesh it selfe of the Crocodile all saue head and feet is good meat sodden for those who bee troubled with the Sciatica the same cureth an old cough especially the chin-cough in children and assuageth the paine of the loins The Crocodiles haue a certaine fat in them that is depilatorie for no sooner is the hare rubbed therewith but presently it sheddeth The said fat or grease preserueth those who be anointed therewith from the danger of the Crocodiles and is excellent good to bee melted and dropped into the wounds made by their bit The Crocodiles heart wrapped within a lock of wooll which grew vpon a black sheep hath no other color medled therewith so that the said sheep were the first lambe that the dam yeaned is said to driue away quartane agues To this discourse of Crocodiles wee shall not doe amisse if we annex other beasts in some sort resembling them and which be likewise straungers as well as they And to begin with the Chamaeleon Democritus verily made so great reckoning of this beast that hee compiled one entire booke expressely of it and hath anatomized euery seuerall member thereof and certes I cannot chuse but take great pleasure therein knowing as I do by that meanes how to descicipher and deliuer abroad the loud lies of vaine Greekes This Chamaeleon for shape bignesse is much answerable to the Crocodile last named differing onely in the curbing or crookednesse of the ridge-bone and largenesse of the taile There is not a creature in the world thought more fearefull than it which is the reason of that mutability whereby it turneth into such varietie of colours howbeit of exceeding great power against all the sorts of hawkes or birds of prey for by report let them fly and soare neuer so high ouer the Chamelaeon there is an attractiue vertue that will fetch them downe so as they shall fall vpon the Chamelaeon and yeeld themselues willingly as a prey to be torne mangled and deuoured by other beasts Democritus telleth vs a tale That if one burn the head and throat of the Chamaeleon in a fire made of oken wood there will immediatly arise tempests of rainy stormes and thunder together and the liuer will do as much saith he if it burne vpon the tiles of an house As for all the other vertues which the said author ascribeth to the Chamaeleon because they smell of witch-craft and I hold them meere lies I will ouerpasse them all vnlesse they be some few for which he deserueth well to be laughed at and would indeed be reproued by no other means better namely That the right eie of this beast if it be pulled out of the head whiles it is aliue taketh away the pearl pin and web in man or womans eies so it be applied therto with goats milk The tongue likewise plucked forth quicke secureth a woman from the danger of childbirth if shee haue it bound to her body whiles shee is in trauell If there be found by chance a Chamaeleon in the house where a woman is in labor she shall soon be deliuered in safety but if such an one bee brought thither of purpose the woman is sure to die Also the Chamaeleons tongue pulled out of the head whiles the Chamaeleon is quicke promiseth good successe in iudiciall trials The heart bound within black wooll of the first shearing is a most soueraigne remedy against quartan agues The right forefoot hanged fast to the left arm within the skin of a Hyaena is singular against the perrils and dangers by theeues and robbers as also to skar away hobgoblins and night spirits In like manner whosoeuer carry about them the right pap of this beast may bee assured against al fright and feare But the left foot they vse to torrifie in an ouen with the herb called also Chamaeleon and with some conuenient ointment or liquor to make in certaine trosches wherof if a man do carry any in a box of wood about him he shal go inuisible as sayth Democritus if we were so wise as to beleeue him who affirmeth moreouer That whosoeuer hath about him the right shoulder of the Chamaeleon shall be able to ouerthrow his aduersarie at the barre and to vanquish his enemie in the field but first hee must be sure to cast away and make riddance of the strings and sinewes belonging thereto and to tread them vnder-foot As for the left shoulder I am ashamed to relate vnto what monstrous spirits hee doth consecrate it and namely how by the vertue thereof a man may cause what dreames and fantasticall illusions hee listeth yea and make those whome hee will himselfe to imagine the same apparitions As also how the right foot of the said beast driueth away all such strange visions euen as the lethargie will goe away by the meanes of the left side of this beast which lethargie was occasioned by the right Touching head-ache hee sayth plainely that the next way to cure it is to be sprinckle and wet the same with wine wherein either of the two sides were soked Take the ashes quoth hee of the left thigh or foot chuse you whether incorporate the same with the milke of a Sow and therewith annoint the feet it wil be an occasion speedily to bring the gout vpon them But of the Chamaeleons gall
a scruple and thought it vnlawful as all magicians do either to spit into the sea or otherwise to discharge into it the necessary excrements that passe from mans body therby to pollute and defile that Element Many other magicians he brought with him in his traine He instructed Nero in the principles of Magick yea and admitted him to their sacred feasts and solemne suppers and all to enter him into that profession but it would not be for albeit Nero enthronized and enstalled Tyridates in his kingdome and gaue him his roialties againe all would not serue for neuer could he receiue at his hands by way of remuneration and recompence the skill of this Science And therefore we may be fully assured and boldly conclude That it is a detestable and abhominable Art grounded on no certaine rules full of lies and vanities howsoeuer it carry some shew or shadow rather of veritie and to say a truth that certitude which it hath in effecting any thing proceedeth rather from the diuellish cast of poisoning practised therwith than from the Art it selfe of Magicke But what needs any man to seek hearken after the lies which the magitians in old time haue let flie and sent abroad When I my selfe in my youth haue seen and heard Apion that great and famous Grammarian tell strange tales of the herbe Cynocephalia which the Aegyptians call Osyrites and namely that it hath a diuine and heauenly vertue and was a singular preseruatiue against all poysons charmes and enchantments but whosoeuer plucked or drew it out of the ground saith he could not escape present death The same Appion reported in my hearing that he hath conjured and raised vp spirits to enquire and learne of Homer what countryman borne he was and from what parents descended mary hee durst not report what answer was made againe either vnto him or them CHAP. III. ¶ Of Mould-warps and of many other medicines taken from sundry beasts which are in their kind either tame or wilde and the same medicines digested according to diseases as they orderly follow ONe speciall argument this may be to prooue the follie and vanitie of magicians because of all other liuing creatures they do admire set greatest store by these wants or mouls which Nature seemeth to haue condemned to perpetuall blindnesse and prison shutting them vp as it were euermore in a dark dungeon or keeping them rather vnder the earth like as they were buried and enterred And yet for all this these Wise men giue more beleefe to those signes which they spie in their bowels and entrails when they be opened than to the inwards of any beast whatsoeuer This opinion moreouer they haue of a mould-warpe that there is not a creature more capable of religion and fitter to be emploied in sacrifice and diuine seruice than it nay they bash not to auouch warrant That whosoeuer swallowes down al whole the heart of a moule fresh killed whiles it is yet warme and panting with life in it shall haue the gift of diuination and foretell the euent and issue of any businesse in hand Moreouer they affirm that the tooth of a moule-warpe taken out of her head whiles shee is aliue is singular to allay the tooth-ach if it be hanged about the necke or tied to any part of the body They talke of many other wonders wrought by this poore creature which I purpose to deliuer as occasion shall be offered in place conuenient And yet when they haue all said that they can of them that which carrieth the greatest likelihood and probabilitie is this That they should be good against the biting of these musets or hardishrews for as you haue heard me say before the very earth that is pressed down with the wheels in a cart-tract is proper for that purpose But to leaue these mouls and to follow on still with this maladie of tooth-ach the said magitians tel vs a medicine made of the ashes of a dogs head dying of madnesse that it should be passing good therefore if it be mixed with the oile Cyprinum so dropped into the ear on the pained side howbeit this care would be had That the said dogs head haue no flesh at all sticking to the scalp or scull when it is burned and calcined They say moreouer that the greatest eie-tooth of a dog growing on the left side of his head serues well for this grieuance if the tooth that is in pain be scarrified round about therewith Also a bone growing out of the ridge or chine of a Dragon will do as much or that of the serpent called Enhydris Now are these serpents white of colour and held al to be the male The greatest tooth of this Enhydris is thought to be singular for to scarrifie or to let the painfull tooth bloud therwith but in case the teeth in the vpper chaw do ake they take two of the vpper teeth of this serpent apply them fast therto but contrariwise if the nether jaw They that hunt after crocodils vse to grease themselues with the fat of this serpent Moreouer it is good by their saying to scarrifie the gums about the teeth with the bones taken out of a lizards forhead at the ful of the moon with this regard that the same in any wise touch not the ground Some of them there be who make a collution with dogs teeth sodden in wine till the one halfe be consumed and therwith wash the teeth that ake but the ashes of the said teeth incorporat in hony are singular good for little children which haue much a do in breeding their teeth The same medicine is holden to be an excellent dentifrice for to make teeth look white If the teeth that ake be hollow they vse to put into the concauity thereof the said ashes incorporat in mice dung or els the liuer of a lizard dried Also if one that is troubled with tooth-ach set his teeth in a snaks heart bite it or hang the same about the neck or otherwise it is thought to be an effectuall remedy for the said disease Others there be of the magicians who prescribe to chew and eat the flesh of a mouse twise in a month and they assure vs by this means that we shall preuent and auoid the tooth-ach Moreouer it is said that a decoction of earthworms boiled in oile poured into the eare on that side where the tooth-ach is doth giue great easement of pain The ashes of the same mads burnt put into the hole of a tooth that is rotten and worm-eaten causeth it to fall out of the head with ease and if the teeth that do ake be sound rub them with the said ashes and the pain will cease Now the said worms ought to be burnt or calcined vpon a tele or potsheard Also a decoction of this kind of wormes sodden in squillitick vinegre with the root of a mulberie tree is a soueraigne medicine to wash the teeth withall when they be in pain Furthermore
of shell-snailes with Line seed and Nettle seed putting thereto some hony and this cure they continue vntill the patient be throughly whole It is said moreouer That a green Lizard taken aliue and hanged so in a pot iust before the dore of the patients bedchamber with this charge that euer as he goes in and out he touch the same with his hand will worke the same effect The ashes of a scritch-owls head reduced into an vnguent with oile is good for this purpose so is the honey wherein Bees were stifled and lastly a spider but especially that which they call Lycos The heart of the bird called a Houpe is highly commended for the pain of the sides Also the ashes of shell-snailes boiled in Ptisane or husked Barley water and some in this case apply the same otherwhiles in a liniment onely without any thing else The ashes of a dogs head I meane the bare skalpe or skull onely dying enraged and mad is good to spice a cup of drinke withall for this disease If the loines be pained it is said That the starre-Lizards called Stellions comming from beyond sea sodden in wine together with the seed of black Poppie to the weight of halfe a denier is very good so the decoction be drunk howbeit this care must be had that the head be cut off first and the garbage taken forth The green Lizards are good meat in this case if they be dressed accordingly and their feet and head cut away so are shell-snailes braied shels and all together and sodden in wine with fifteen grains of pepper Some vse the feet and legs of an Aegle in this disease pulling them away backeward from the knees and the right foot they apply fast to the paine of the right side but the other if the contrary side be grieued The many-foot Sowes or Cheeslips which I called before Oniscos help the same pains if they be taken to the weight of halfe a denarius in two cyaths of wine To conclude with the Sciatica the magitians giue order to put an earth-worm in a treene or wooden dish which hauing bin cleft was stitched vp again with iron wier or bound with a plate or hoope of yron then to lade vp some water therwith and in it to wash rince the said worme very well and then to enterre or burie the same again in the very place from whence it was digged forth which done to giue the said water anon to the patient for to drinke out the said wooden dish and this they hold to be a wonderfull medicine CHAP. VII ¶ Remedies for the dysenterie or bloudie flix And generally for all diseases of the belly THe decoction of a leg of mutton sodden in water with Line seed is singular good for to be supped off to stay a bloudie flix So is old Cheese made of Ews milke and sheeps suet sodden together in some austere wine The same is singular for the Sciatica passio and an old cough The starre-Lizard Stellio which breeds beyond sea being flaied garbaged and dressed for meat so that the head and feet be taken away and so sodden and eaten is commended also in this case Moreouer it is said That two snailes and one Hens egg stamped the one as wel as the other with their shels and afterwards gently sodden in a new earthen pot with some salt two cyaths of wine cuit or else with the juice of Dates 3 cyaths of water giuen to the patient to drink who is tormented with the dysentery or bloudy flix wil bring great alleuiation of the said disease It is thought also That the ashes of the said shell-snailes calcined if they be taken in wine with a little rosin are soueraign therfore As touching naked snails without any shels they be found plentifully in Affrick Passing good they be for the bloudie flix if 5 of them be burnt and calcined together with halfe a denier weight of Acacia 2 spoonfuls of their ashes taken in Myrtle wine or some other austere astringent wine and a like quantity of hot water Some there be who in this sort vse all the snailes of Barbary Others thinke it better to take fiue of the said snailes of Affricke or rather as many of the broad and flat sort and to clysterize them for the dysenterie But if the flux be exceeding vehement then they put thereto of Acacia the quantitie of a beane It is said moreouer That the spoile or slough of a serpent boiled with oile rosat in a vessell of tinne is singular for the Dysenterie and Tinesme to be injected by a clyster Or if it be sodden in any other vessell yet with an instrument or pipe of tin it is to be conueighed into the fundament that the tiwill thereby may be annoinied The broth of a Cocke cureth these infirmities but if it be of an old Cocke it is the more effectuall And yet if the said broth be any thing saltish it stirreth the bellie prouoketh to the seege The inward skin of an Hens gisier broiled and giuen with salt and oile doth mittigat and appease the wrings caused by the flux of the stomacke But then this regard must be had before That neither the Hen haue any corne giuen her nor the patient feed vpon any graine some time before Pigeons dung being burnt and the ashes taken in drinke is of great effect and vertue in these cases The flesh of a Quoist or Stock-doue sodden in vinegre is good both for the bloudie flix and also for the loosenesse proceeding from the imbecilitie of the stomacke The Thrush or Mauis rosted with Myrtle berries is soueraigne for the dysenterie so is the Merle or black-bird In which respect great account also is made of the honey boiled where in bees were killed Of all the paines that be the Iliacke passion is most sharpe and grieuous to be endured But it is said That the bloud of a Bat torne and plucked in peeces aliue is very good against it yea and if the bellie be annointed therewith it easeth the torment thereof But to come againe vnto the flux of the bellie shell-snailes prepared and made in manner aforesaid for those that be short winded are singular good for to stop the same and to knit the bodie So are their ashes if they were burnt and calcined aliue taken in some austere or astringent wine The liuer of a cocke rosted together with the skin of the gisier which ordinarily the cooke casteth away dried and kept and so taken with a little of the juice of Poppy mixed with it is of great power to remedy these accidents others take the same skin whiles it is new and fresh which they broil and torrifie for to be giuen in wine to drink A Partridge broth yea and the gisier of the bird alone beaten to pouder and taken in some grosse and a stringent wine is singular to stay a flux of the belly The wild Ring-doue or Quoist
boiled in vineger and water is of the same effect The milt of a sheep first torrified then puluerized and taken in wine helpeth much this infirmitie A liniment likewise made of Pigeons dung and hony is of great vertue if the patients belly be annointed therewith Touching those that haue feeble stomacks and cannot concoct and digest their meat It is said That the maw or gisier of that kind of Geire or Vulture which is called in Latine Ossifragus dried puluerized and drunk is right soueraigne Nay if the patient doe but hold the same gisier in his hand whiles he is at his repast it will help digestion And in truth there bee diuers that for this cause weare these gisiers ordinarily about their necks but I think it not wholsome to do so long for it maketh them leane as many as vse it and spendeth their body To stay a flux of the belly the bloud of Mallards or Drakes is thought also to be singular good The meat made of shell-snailes discusseth and scattereth ventosities The Milt of a Mutton broiled to ashes and giuen in wine is singular good to allay the wrings and torments of the belly Of the same operation is the wild Quoist or Ringdoue sodden in vineger and water The greater kind of Swallows or Martins called Apodes are no lesse powerfull if they bee sodden and taken in wine The ashes of the bird Ibis plucked burnt without his feathers so giuen to drink work the same effect But strange it is and wonderfull if that be true which is reported as touching this malady namely that if a Ducke bee applied aliue vnto the belly which is tormented with such wrings she shal draw away the disease into her own body and die of the torment but the patient shal be eased by that means These painful gripes likewise are cured with sodden hony wherein Bees sometimes were drowned to death As for the Collick there is nothing so good to assuage the paine thereof as to eat Larkes which the Latines name Galeritae Howbeit some giue aduise and think it better to burne and calcine them in their feathers within a new earthen vessel so to stamp them to ashes or pouder and to drink therof foure daies together in water by three spoonfuls at a time Others make no more ado but take the heart of a Lark and bind it to the inward part of the thigh and there be againe who would haue the same to be swallowed downe whole newly taken out of the bird while it was warme There is a family of the Asprenates men of good quality and reputation for that they had bin somtimes Consuls of Rome in which house of two brethren the one was fully cured of the collick by eating these birds and by wearing ordinarily the heart of one of them about his arme inclosed within a bracelet of gold the other being likewise troubled with the said disease found remedy by a kind of sacrifice which he offered in a little chappell made with vnbaked brickes piled vp archwise in manner of a furnace and so soon as the sacrifice was finished he stopt vp the same againe That Vulture which is called Ossifragus hath one gut of wonderfull nature for it is able to concoct and digest whatsoeuer the said foul deuoureth And for certain this is known and generally receiued that the nethermost end therof cureth the collick if the patient do but carry it about him There are other secret and hidden diseases incident to the guts wherof there be wonders told and namely that in these cases if yong whelpes before they can see be applied for 3 daies together vnto the stomack especially and the brest so that they suck milke from out of the patients mouth the while the said disease shall passe into the body of the poore whelps whereof in the end they shall die Let the same be ripped opened then it wil appear euidently what the cause was of the foresaid secret malady of the patient But such whelps ought when they are dead to be enterred buried As for the Magitians they auouch That if the belly be annointed lightly with the bloud of a Bat the party thus dressed shall not need to feare any paine of that part for one whole yeare after or if it chance that one be pained in the belly let him say they indure to drinke the water that runneth down from his feet when his legs be washed and he shall find help anone CHAP. VIII ¶ Medicines against the stone and grauell the paines of the bladder The swellings in the cods and the share Also for the biles and botches called Pani FOr them that are troubled with the stone it is good to annoint the region of the belly with Mouse dung It is said that the flesh of an Vrchin or Hedgehog is very good meat pleasant in tast if so be he were killed outright in the head at one blow before that he had time to shed his owne vrine vpon himselfe and looke whosoeuer eat this flesh shall neuer be subject to the disease of the strangury The flesh of an Vrchin killed in this sort helpeth the bladder in case the vrine passe by dropmeale from it But contrariwise if the Vrchin chance to wet and drench himselfe with his owne vrine as many as eat of the flesh shal fal into the infirmity of the strangury or pissing dropmeale Moreouer it is said That earthworms drunke either in wine or cuit is of great efficacy to breake or dissolue the stone as also that snailes prepared in that sort as they are ordained to be dressed for shortnesse of wind work the like effect Take snails naked out of their shels and stamp them giue 3 of them to the Patient to drinke in a cyath of wine the first day two the morrow after and the third day one againe you shall see how it will helpe the strangurie or pissing dropmeale But let the empty shels be burnt the ashes therof wil scoure away and expell the stone Semblably it is said that the same effect followeth vpon drinking the liuer of a water-snake the eating of the ashes of scorpions calcined either in bread or with locusts Likewise to take the little stones or grit that be found in the craw of a cocke or in the gisier or maw of a stock-doue to beat the same to pouder and therewith to spice the drinke is singular good for the infirmity aforesaid To do the like with the skin of a Cocks or Hens gisier dried or if it be new and fresh to rost and eat it Also for the stone and other difficulties or impediments of the bladder it is good to take the dung of Quoists or Stock-doues with Beane meale In like manner there is much help found by the ashes of Quoists feathers such as be of a wilder kind than the rest taken with Oxymell Moreouer the ashes of the guts of this bird giuen to the quantity of three spoonfuls as also the nest of
ring-finger and therewith apply them to the fellon Others vse for the said purpose the filth ingendred in sheeps ears old sheeps tallow mixed with the ashes that come of womens haire reduced into a liniment serueth to cure the sayd accident so doth rams suet mixed with the ashes of a pumish stone calcined and a like quantity in weight of salt As for burns and sealdings the ashes of a dogs head burnt are singular good to cure the same so be the ashes of Dormice tempered with oile sheeps treddles also mixed with wax the ashes of mice and shel snails and this medicine will skin them so cleane that there shall no scarre remaine afterwards to be seen In like manner the grease of Vipers or the ashes of Pigeons dung calcined and reduced into a liniment with oile Touching the nodosities of the sinewes the ashes of a Vipers head burnt and brought into an vnguent with the oile Cyprinum is thought to be a soueraign medicine for the resolue them Likewise earth-wormes made into a cataplasâ—…e with honey and so applied vnto the affected place But if the said sâ—…ews do ake and be pained bind vnto them the serpent called Amphisbaena dead and it will ease the griefe The like effect you may looke for of Vultures grease together with the gisier of the said foule dried or stamped with old swines grease or lard and so reduced into a liniment And if we may giue any credit to the Magitians a drinke made of honied wine spiced with the ashes of a scrich-owles head together with a Lillie root wil work the same effect In contractions of the sinewes it is good to eat the flesh of stock-doues especially if the same hath bin poudered and kept in salt The flesh likewise of an Hedgehog is as good for crampes and spasmes as also the ashes of a Weazil The old slough that snakes leaue off infolded within a piece of a Buls skin or leather made thereof is good to be worne tied about one for to preuent this disease and more particularly for those spasmes or convulsions that draw the sinews of the neck so as the head is pluckt backward there is not a better medicine than to drinke the poise of three oboli of a kites liuer dried in as many cyaths of mead or honied water When the skin turneth vp about the roots of the nails or the excrescence of the flesh putteth the fingers to pain which accidents be called in Latine Reduviae and in Greek Pterygia it were good to vse to them the ashes of a dogs head calcined or the matrice of a bitch sodden in oile with this charge to annoint them aloft with a liniment of butter made of ewes milke and hony incorporat together The burse likewise or little bladder which containeth in it the gall of any beast is good for this purpose If the snailes be ragged and rugged it is not amisse to apply vnto them Cantharides incorporat with pitch without reemoouing this plaister before the third day or els to lay vnto them Locusts fried in Goats suet sheeps tallow also is good therefore Some mix therwith Birdlime made with Misselto and Purcelane tempered together others take Verdegris or rust of brasse and the foresaid birdlime but they remoue not the plaister off in three daies CHAP. XIII ¶ Receits for stanching bloud repressing or smiting backe the swelling incident to wounds healing of vlcers and greene wounds and generally for curing of many other maladies Remedies all taken from dumbe creatures THe suet that commeth from the kell of a mutton staies any flux of bloud if it be conueied into the place from whence it issueth so is their rede especially if it be the rennet of a yong Lambe tempered with water either drawn vp into the nosthrils or poured into them this is thought to be such a soueraigne remedie that when all others haue failed it hath done the deed The earthie substance sticking to shell-snailes hath the same effect yea and their verie flesh when they are pulled out of their houses In case the nose do bleed excessiuely take the said shell-snailes bruse them and lay them to the forehead they will stanch the bleeding the copwebs also put vp into the nosthrils As for the brains of a Cocke or Capon they stop a flux of bloud issuing from the braine But say that bloud do gush immoderately out of a wound it is wonderfull how the ashes of horse dung together with egg-shels will stop the same if it be laid thereto As for wounds the grease of vnwashed wool incorporat with the ashes of torrified and calcined Barley and Verdegris of each a like quantitie and so made into a plaistre healeth them The same is a soueraign salue for any corrosiue vlcers be they neuer so maligne cankerous It eateth and consumeth the dead flesh about the brims and edges of vlcers yea and brings down the excrescence of proud flesh reducing the same to be euen with the rest about it The same doth incarnat likewise and skin the place after it is filled vp with yong flesh If the vlcers proue to be ilfauoured cankers it is thought that the ashes of sheeps dung mixed with salnitre is an effectuall pouder for the same and as great operation is attributed to the ashes of a Lambs leg bones but principally if the said sores be of the nature of Nunquan sana and will not skin vp but scorne all healing plaisters whatsoeuer Much vertue also is attributed vnto Rams lights in these cases for it eateth away all the excrescences of ranke flesh in vlcers and there is not the like againe vnto it for reducing all vnto an equalitie The very dung also of sheep heat vnder an earthen pan and afterwards wrought into a masse or paste assuageth the tumour of any vlcers And it serueth likewise to mundifie and heale fistulaes as also to rid away the chil-blanes or bloudy fals which are ournight-foes But of al other the ashes of an horse head is most forcible in this case for it consumes all superfluous flesh growing in sores and heales vp the same afterwards no Spodium better And yet it is said that mice dung is very good therfore like as the a shes of Weazils dung The hard callosities in the bottome of vlcers the Cheeslips or Sowes if they be stamped fresh and reduced drie into pouder do search throughly like as all cankers also they cure if they be incorporat with the right Turpentine and common Bole-Arnioniacke And these medicines abouesaid are singular for those vlcers that be giuen to breed worms and thereby are dangerous And seeing I am light vpon the mention of wormes it would be noted that there be diuerse sorts of wormes which haue wonderfull properties in these cases For first and formost the grosse and fat wormes breeding in wood timber which the Latins call Cossi are soueraigne healers of any vlcers whatsoeuer But if the same be burnt with an equall weight of Annise seed and
of the â—…ater die presently and are there to be seen lying dead For this secret mischiefe there is besides in many of these waters that they are faire and cleare to see to and thereby seeme to allure both man and beast to drinke thereof for their owne bane and destruction as we may see by Nonacris in Arcadia for surely this fountaine giueth no suspition at all wherby we should mistrust a venomous quality and yet some are of opinion That the hurt which commeth thereby proceedeth from excessiue cold and they ground their reason vpon this That the water issuing out of it into riuerets and rils will congeale and grow to a stony substance It fareth otherwise about the vale of Tempe in Thessalie where the water of a certaine fountaine is fearfull to see to and there is no man but abhorreth the sight therof besides the corrosiue quality that by folks saying it hath to fret and eat into brasse and yron the best is that as I haue shewed before it runneth not farre and the course that it holdes is but short But wonderfull it is that a certaine wild Carob should enuiron this source round about with his roots and the same continually beare purple flours as it is roported to do Also in the very brinke and edge of this fountaine there is another herbe of a kind by it selfe which abideth fresh and greene from one end of the yeare to another In Macedonie not far from the tombe of Euripides the Poët there be two riuers run together the one yeelds water most wholesome for to be drunke the other is as noisome and deadly Neare to Perperenae a towne in Troas there is a spring the water whereof giueth a stonie coat or crust to all the earth that it either ouerfloteth or runneth by of which nature are the hot waters issuing out of a fountaine neare Delium in Euboea for look what way soeuer the riuer runs you shal see the stones to grow still in height About Eurymenae which is in Thessalie there is a well cast into it any chaplets or guirlands of floures they will turne to stones There runneth a riuer by Colossi a city in Phrygia into which if you throw brickes or tiles that be raw and vnbaked you shall take them forth againe as hard as stones Within the mines of the Isle Scyros there is a riuer which conuerteth into stone all the trees that it runneth by or toucheth as well the boughs as the bodies In the famous and renowned caues called Corycia all the drops of water that distill from the rocke turne to be as hard as stones and no maruell for at Meza in Macedonie a man shall see the drops of water become stone as they hang to the very vaults of the rocke much like to ysickles from the eaues of houses in Winter time whereas at Corycum abouenamed the said drops turn into stone when they are fallen downe and not before In certain caues they are to be seen conuerted into stones both waies and some of them are so big as they serue to make columnes and pilastres of and those otherwhiles of diuers colours to the eye as may be seen in the great caue of Phausia which is within the Chersonese of the Rhodians Thus much may suffice by way of examples to shew the varietie of waters with their sundry vertues and operations CHAP. III. ¶ The qualitie that is in waters How a man may know which be good and wholesome from such as be naught and vnwholesome MVch question there is controuersie among physicians What kind of water is best and yet with one generall consent they condemne and that iustly all dead and standing waters supposing those that run to be better for it standeth with good reason that the very agitation and beating vpon the banks as they beare streame in their current maketh them more subtile pure and cleare and by that meanes they get their goodnesse Which considered I maruaile very much at those who make most account of the * water gathered and kept in cesternes But they ground their opinion vpon this reason because raine water is of all others lightest as consisting of that substance which was able to rise and mount vp aloft and there to hang aboue in the aire Which is the cause also that they preferre Snow water before that which commeth downe in shoures and the water of yce dissolued before the other of melted Snow as if the water were by yce driuen together and reduced to the vtmost point of finenesse They collect hereby that these waters to wit raine snow and yce bee all of them lighter than those that spring out of the earth and yce among the rest farre lighter than any water in proportion But this opinion of theirs is to bee reputed as erronious and for the common good and profit of mankinde to be refuted For first and formost that leuitie whereof they spake can hardly and vnneath bee found and knowne by any other meanes than by the sence and feeling of the stomacke for if you goe to the weighing of waters you shall perceiue little or no difference at all in their poise Neither is it a sufficient argument to prooue raine water to be light because it ascendeth on high into the aire for wee may see stones likewise drawne vp into the clouds and besides as the raine falleth downe againe it cannot chuse but be infected with the grosse vapours of the earth Whereby it commeth to passe that wee find raine water ordinarily to bee most charged and corrupted with ordure and filthinesse and by reason thereof it heateth most quickly and corrupteth soonest As for snow and yce that they should bee thought to bee composed of the subtile parts of this Element and yeeld the finest water I wonder much considering the neare affinitie which is betweene them and haile which might induce vs also to thinke the same of it but all men confesse and hold that the same is most pestilent and pernicious for to bee drunke Moreouer there are amongst them not a few who contrary vnto the opinion of other Physicians their fellowes affirme flatly and confidently the water of snow and yce to bee the vnwholesome drinke that is for that all the puritie and finenesse thereof hath beene drawne and sucked out And in very truth wee find it by experience that any liquor whatsoeuer doth diminish and consume greatly by beeing frozen and congealed into an yce Wee see besides That ouer-grosse and foggie deawes breed a kinde of scurfe or scab in plants white frosts burne and sendge them and both of these the hore frost as well as the deaw proceed from the same causes in a manner that snowes doe Certes all Philosophers agree in this one point That raine water putrifieth soonest of any other and least while continueth good in a ship as saylers know full well Howbeit Epigenes auoucheth and affirmeth That the water which hath beene seuen times putrified and as often purified
not that vse of them in physick as at this present for now adays if folk be amisse or il at ease straightwaies they run to the bains and bath for remedy And in truth those waters which stand vpon brimstone be good for the sinews such as come from a veine of alume are proper for the palsie or such like infirmities proceeding from resolution of the nerues Moreouer they that hold of bitumen or nitre such as be the fountains Cutiliae be potable and good to be drunke and yet they are purgatiue To come to the vse of natural bains and hot waters many men in a brauery sit long in a bath and they take a pride in it to indure the heat of the water many hours together and yet is there nothing so hurtfull for the body for in truth a man should continue little longer in them than in ordinary artificiall bains or stouphs and then afterwards when he goeth forth hee is to wash his body with fresh cold water not without some oile among Howbeit our common people here thinke this to be very strange will not be brought to to it which is the reason that mens bodies in no place are most subject to diseases for the strong vapours that steme from thence stuffe and fil their heads and although they sweat in one part yet they chil in another notwithstanding the rest of their bodies stand deep within the water Others there are besides who on the like erronious conceit take great joy in drinking a deal of this water striuing avie who can poure most of it downe the throat I haue my selfe seen some of them so puffed vp and swolne with drinking that their very skin couered and hid the rings vpon their fingers namely when they were not able to deliuer again the great quantity of water that they had taken in Therefore this drinking of much water is not good to be vsed vnles a man do eftsoons eat salt withall Great vse there is and to good purpose of the mud which these fountains do yeeld but with this regard that when the body is besmeared and bedawbed outwardly therwith the same may dry vpon it in the Sun Well these hot waters be commonly full of vertue howbeit this is not generall That if a spring be hot by and by we should think it is medicinable for the experience of the contrary is to be seen in Egesta of Sicily in Larissa Troas Magnesia Melos and Lipara Neither is it a sure argument of a medicinable water as many are of opinion if a piece of siluer or brasse which hath bin dipped therein lose the colour for there is no such matter to be seene by the naturall baths of Padua neither is there perceiued in them any difference in smell from others Concerning Sea waters the same order and mean is to be obserued especially in such as bee made hot for to help the pains and infirmities of the sinews and many hold them good to souder fractures of bones yea and to cure their bruises and contusions likewise they haue a desiccatiue vertue wherby they dry rheumaticke bodies in which regard men bath also in sea water actually cold Moreouer the sea affoor deth other vses in diuers and sundry respects but principally the aire therof is wholsome for those who are in a phthysicke or consumption as I haue beforesaid and cureth such as doe reach or void bloud vpward and verily I remember of late daies that Annaeus Gallio after that he was Consull tooke this course namely to saile vpon the sea for this infirmity What is the cause think ye that many make voiages into Aegypt surely it is not for the aire of Egypt it self but because they lie long at sea and be sailing a great while before they come thither Furthermore the vomits also which are occasioned at sea by the continual rolling and rocking of the ships neuer standing stil are good for many maladies of head eies and brest and generally they doe cure all those accidents for which the drinking of Ellebore serueth As for sea water to be applied simply of it selfe vnto the outward parts physitians are of opinion that it is more effectual than any other for to discusse resolue tumors more particularly if there be a cataplasme made of it and barly meale sodden together it is singular for the swellings behind the ears called Parotides They mingle the same likewise in plasters such especially as be white and emollitiues and if the head be hurt and the * brain touched and offended it is soueraigne to be infused into the wound It is prescribed also to be drunke for albeit the stomack take some offence and hurt thereby yet it purgeth the body well and doth euacuat melancholick humors and black choler yea and if the bloud bee cluttered within the body it sendeth it out one way or other either vpward or downeward Some haue ordained it to be giuen for the quartan feuer others aduise to saue and keep it a time for to serue the turne in case of Tinesmes which are vnordinat strainings at the stoole to no effect also for all gouts and pains of joints and in very truth by age long keeping it forgoeth al that brackish tast which it had at the first Some boile it before but all in generall agree in this To vse for these purposes that sea water which was taken out of the deep far from the land such as is not corrupt with any mixture of fresh water with it and before their patients do drink it enjoyne them to vomit and then also do they mingle with it either vineger or wine for that purpose They that giue little thereof and by it selfe appoint radishes to be eaten presently vpon it with honied vineger or oxymell for to prouoke the patient to vomit againe Moreouer they vse otherwhile to minister a clystre made of sea water first warmed verily there iâ—… not a better thing than it for to bath and foment the cods withall if they be swelled either with ventosities or waterish humors Also it is much commended for kibed heels if they be taken before they are broken and exulcerat and in like manner they kill the itch cure scabs tettars and ringwormes Sea water serueth wel to wash the head to rid it of nits and filthy lice yea and reduceth black and blew marks in the skin to the fresh and liuely colour againe In all these cures after the vse of salt-water it is passing good to foment the place affected with vineger hot Ouer and besides it is thought to be very wholsome and good against the venomous stings of serpents and namely of the spiders Phalangia and scorpions Semblably it cureth those that be infected outwardly with the noysome saliuation or spittle of the Aspis called Ptyas but in these cases it must be taken hot furthermore a perfume made with sea-water and vineger is singular for the head-ach If it be clysterized hot it
sort it taketh downe all tumors or swelling bunches A collution or fomentation therewith allayeth the tooth-ache and a liniment also made with it and Rosin worketh the same effect For all these accidents beforenamed the some of salt found sticking to rockes or floting vpon the sea water is thought to be more conuenient than any other salt But to conclude any salt whatsoeuer it is serueth well for those medicines that be ordained either to take away lassitudes or to enter into those sope balls that are to polish the skin and to rid it from wrinkles If either a boeufe or mutton be rubbed with salt it will kill the skab or mange in them for which purpose also they giue it vnto the sayd beasts for to lick and more particularly it is spurted out of ones mouth into horses eies Thus you see what may be said as touching salt CHAP. X. ¶ Of Nitre and the sundry kindes thereof The manner of making Nitre The medicines and obseruations to it belonging I May not put off the treatise concerning the nature of Salnitre approching so neer as it doth to the nature of salt and the rather am I to discourse of it more exactly because it appeares euidently that the physitians who haue written thereof were altogether ignorant of the nature and vertues of it neither is there any one of them who in that point wrote more aduisedly than Theophrastus In the first place this is to be noted That among the Medians there is a little Nitre ingendred in certain vallies which in time of drought became all hoary grey therwith and this they call Halmirrhaga There is found also some of it in Thracia neere vnto the Citie Philippi but in lesse quantitie and the same all fouled and bewraied with the earth this they name Agrion In times past men haue practised to make Nitre of oke wood burnt but neuer was there any great store of it made by that deuise and long it is since that feat was altogether giuen ouer As for waters fountains of nitre there be enow of them in many places howbeit the same haue no astringent vertue at all But the best Nitre is found about Clytae in the marches of Macedonie where there is most plenty thereof and they call it Chalastricum White and pure it is and commeth neerest to the nature of salt And verily a lake or meer there is standing altogether vpon nitre and yet out of the midst thereof there springeth vp a little fountain of fresh water In this lake there is ingendred Nitre about the rising of the Dog-star for 9 dayes together then it stayeth as long and beginneth fresh againe to flote aloft and afterward giues ouer Whereby it appeareth that it is the very nature of the soile that breedeth it for knowne it is by experience That if it cease once neither heat of Sun nor shoures of rain wil serue or do any good Besides there is another wonderful propertie obserued in this lake that notwithstanding the foresaid spring or source do seeth and boile vp continually yet the lake neither riseth nor ouerfloweth But during those nine daies wherein it is giuen to yeeld Nitre if there chance to fall any shoures they make the nitre to taste the more of salt And say that the North-East winds do blow the while the Nitre is nothing so good and cleere by reason of the mud mingled withall which those winds do raise Thus much of Nitre naturall As for artificiall Nitre great aboundance there is made of it in Egypt but far inferiour in goodnesse to the other for brown and duskish it is and besides full of grit and stones The order of making it is all one in manner with that of salt sauing onely that in the salt houses they let in sea water wheras into the boiling houses of Nitre they conuey the water of the riuer Nilus Whiles Nilus doth rise and flow you shal haue the said nitre-pits or workhouses dry but as it falleth and returneth again toward the channel they are seen to yeeld a certaine moisture which is the humor of nitre and that for the space of forty daies together with no rest or intermission between as there is about Clytae in Macedonie abouesaid Moreouer if the weather be disposed to rain during that time they imploy not so much of Nilus water to the making of Nitre Now so soon as the said humor beginneth to thicken presently they gather it in all hast for feare it should resolue again and melt in the nitre pits In this nitre as well as in salt there is to be found between whiles a certaine oleous substance which is held to be singular good for the farcin and scab of beasts The nitre it selfe is laid vp and piled in heaps where it hardeneth and continueth a long time But admirable is the nature of the lake Ascanius and of certaine fountaines about Chalcis where the water aboue and which floteth vppermost is fresh and potable but all beneath and vnder it toward the bottome is nitrous The lightest of the Nitre and the finest is reputed alwaies the best and therefore the some and froth therof is better than any other part And yet for some vses the grosse and foule substance is very good and namely for the setting of any colour vpon cloth and especially the purple die As touching the vertues of nitre it selfe how it is imploied many wayes I wil write in place conuenient But to return againe to our nitre pits and their boiling houses there be of them very faire and goodly in Aegypt In old time they were wont to be about Naucratis and Memphis only but those at Memphis were nothing so good as the other for there the nitre lying vpon heapes groweth to the hardnes of a stone insomuch as by this means you shall see mountaines thereof like rockes Of this nitre they vse to make certain vessels to vse in the house and many times they melt it with sulphur boyle it ouer the coles for to giue a tincture vnto the said vessels look also when they would keep any thing long they vse this stone-nitre Moreouer there be in Aegypt other nitre pits also out of which there issueth a reddish kind of nitre resembling the color of the earth from which it sweateth and ooseth out As for the fome of nitre which is commended for the best of all the antient writers were of opinion that it could not be made but when the dew fell at what time as the nitre pits were if I may so say great bellied and ful of nitre within but not ready to be deliuered thereof and therefore if they be neare as it were to their time there can no such froth be gathered notwithstanding the dew do fall Others there be of this minde that the said vppermost coat or crust aloft is ingendred by reason of the fermentation of the sayd nitre but the modern Physitians of late daies haue thought and taught
meanes saue only by cleauing and sticking fast to a vessell in such sort as this one small and poore fish is sufficient to resist and withstand so great power both of sea and nauie yea and to stop the passage of a ship doe they all what they can possible to the contrary What should our fleets armadoes at sea make such terrets in their decks and fore-castles what should they fortifie their ships in warlike maner to fight from them vpon the sea as it were from mure and rampier on firme land See the vanity of man alas how foolish are we to make all this adoe when one little fish not aboue halfe a foot long is able to arrest and stay perforce yea and hold as prisoners our goodly tall and proud ships so well armed in the beake-head with yron pikes and brasen tines so offensiue and dangerous to bouge and pierce any enemie ship which they do encounter Certes it is reported that in the nauall battell before Actium wherein Antonius and Cleopater the queene were defeated by Augustus one of these fishes staied the admirall ship wherein M. Antonius was at what time as he made all the hast means he could deuise with help of ores to encourage his people from ship to ship and could not prevaile till he was forced to abandon the said admirall and go into another galley Meane-while the armada of Augustus Caesar seeing this disorder charged with great violence and foone inuested the fleet of Antony Of late daies also and within our remembrance the like happened to the roial ship of the Emperour Caius Caligula at what time as he rowed back and made saile from Astura to Antium when and where this little fish detained his ship and as it fell out afterward presaged an vnfortunat euent thereby for this was the last time that euer this Emperor made his returne to Rome and no sooner was he arriued but his owne souldiers in a mutinie fell vpon him and stabbed him to death And yet it was not long ere the cause of this wonderful stay of his ship was knowne for so soon as euer the vessell and a galliace it was furnished with fiue banks of ores to a side was perceiued alone in the fleet to stand still presently a number of tall fellows leapt out of their ships into the sea to search about the said galley what the reason might be that it stirred not and sound one of these fishes sticken fast to the very helme which being reported vnto Caius Caligula he fumed and fared as an Emperour taking great indignation that so small a thing as it should hold him back perforce and checke the strength of all his mariners notwithstanding there were no fewer than foure hundred lusty men in his galley that laboured at the ore all that euer they could to the contrary But this prince as it is for certaine known was most astonied at this namely That the fish sticking onely to the ship should hold it fast and the same being brought into the ship and there laid not worke the like effect They who at that time and afterward saw the fish say it resembled for all the world a snaile of the greatest making but as touching the forme and sundry kindes thereof many haue written diuersly whose opinions I haue set downe in my treatise of liuing creatures belonging to the waters and namely in the particular discourse of this fish Neither do I doubt but all the sort of fishes are able to doe as much for this wee are to beleeue that Pourcellans also be of the same vertue since it was well knowne by a notorious example that one of them did the like by a ship sent from Periander to the cape of Gnidos in regard whereof the inhabitants of Gnidos doe honour and consecrate the said Porcellane within their temple of Venus Some of our Latine writers do call the said fish that thus staieth a ship by the name of Remora As touching the medicinable properties of the said stay-ship Echeneis or Remora call it whether you will a wondrous matter it is to seâ—… the varietie of Greek writers for some of them as I haue shewed before do hold that if a woman haue it fastened either about her neck arme or otherwise she shal go out her full time if she were with child also that it will reduce her matrice into the right place if it were too loose and ready to hang out of her body Others againe report the contrary namely That if it be kept in salt and bound to any part of a woman great with child and in paine of hard trauell it will cause her to haue present deliuerance for which vertue they call it by another name Odinolion Well howeuer it be considering that mighty puissance which this fish is wel known to haue in staying ships who wil euer make doubt hereafter of any power in Nature her selfe or of the effectuall operation in Physicke which she hath giuen to many things that come vp by themselues But say we had no such euidence by the example of this Echeneis the Cramp-fish Torpedo found and taken likewise in the same sea were sufficient alone to proue the might of Nature in her workes if there were nothing else to shew the same for able she is to benum and mortifie the arms of the lustiest strongest fishers that be yea and to bind their legs as it were how swift and nimble soeuer they are otherwise in running and how euen by touching only the end of a pole or any part of an angle rod which they hold in their hands although they stand aloft and a great way from her Now if we cannot will nor chuse but must needs confesse by the euident instance of this one fish that there is some thing in nature so penetrent and powerfull that the very smell only or breath and aire proceeding from it is able thus to affect or infect rather the principall lims and members of our bodie what is it that we are not to hope for and expect from the vertue of all other creatures that Nature through her bounty hath endued with medicinable power for the remedy of diseases And in very truth no lesse admirable be the properties which are respected of the sea-Hare for to some a very poyson it is taken inwardly either in meat or drinke to others againe the onely aspect and sight thereof is as venomous For if a woman great with child chance but to see the female only of this kind she shal sensibly therupon feele a sicke wambling in her stomacke she shall presently fall to vomiting and anon to vntimely labour and the deliuerie of an abortiue fruit But what is the remedy Let her weare about her arme in bracelets any part of the male which ordinarily for this purpose is kept dry and hardened in salt shee shall passe these dangerous accidents The same fish is hurtfull also in the sea if it be touched only Neither
it should be taken in Myrtle wine Against the sting of the horned serpent Cerastes or the fierie vermine Prester with Panax or Rue in wine But generally for all other serpents the only liquor to receiue it in is wine Two drams at a time is thought to be a sufficient dose of Castor it self in any of these compositions but of other drugs that are put thereto there ought to be a proportion of the half to wit one dram Moreouer a peculiar vertue it hath if it be drunk in vineger to resist the venomous gum Ixias growing vpon the plant Chamaeleon but soueraigne it is for the poison of the herb Aconitum or Libard bane in milk or faire water Against white Ellebore it is good to be taken with mead of honied water and sal-nitre Also if it be puluerized and incorporate with oile a soueraigne remedy it is to ease the tooth-ach if it be dropped or poured into the eare of the same side where the griefe is but better it were to temper it with the juice of Poppy for pain of the ears Mix Castoreum with the best hony of Attica and bring it into an eie-salue it is passing good for to cleare the sight Giuen in vineger it staieth and keepeth downe the yex or hicquet Furthermore the vrine of a Beuer is a good counterpoison and therefore it goeth to the making of Antidotes and preseruatiues But the best way of keeping it as some think is in the owne bladder CHAP. IIII. ¶ Of the Tortoise The medicines taken from many fishes and diuers obseruations to them pertaining SEmblably Tortoises liue in two places and haunt both land and waters Their effectual properties besides are such as deserue like honour as well in regard of their manifold vses in sumptuous buildings whereby they carry a great price as of their sundry vertues and operations which Nature hath giuen them now of these Tortoises there be many kinds to wit land Tortoises and sea Tortoises Tortoises found in muddy waters marraies Tortoises also that keep in fresh riuer water and these last named some Greekewriters call Emydes The flesh of land Tortoises serueth wel in perfumes suffumigations for so it is as good as a countercharm to put by and repell all forceries and inchantments a singular counterpoison also to resist any venome whatsoeuer Great store of Tortoises be found in Affricke where they vse to cut away the head and feet and then employ the rest of the body as a soueraigne remedy against all poysons If their flesh be eaten together with the broth wherein they are sodden it is held to be very good for to discusse and scatter the wens called the kings euil to dissipat or resolue the hardnesse of the swelled spleene likewise to cure the falling sicknes and to driue away the fits thereof The bloud of Tortoises clarifieth the eyesight dispatcheth the cataracts if they be anointed therewith Many incorporat the said bloud in meale and keep them reduced into the forme of pils which when need requireth they giue in wine as a present help for the poyson of all serpents spiders and such like yea and the venome of toads The gall of Tortoises mixt with Atticke hony serueth to cure the fiery rednesse of the eyes if they be annointed therewirh The same is good to be dropt into the wounds inflicted by the prick of scorpions The ashes of the Tortoise shel incorporat with wine and oile and so wrought into a salue heals the chaps vlcers of the feet The skales scraped lightly from the vpper part of the shell giuen in drink coole the heat of lust And I maruell the more hereat because the pouder of the whole shell indeed hath the name to heat the appetite and desire to venery As touching their vrin I hold it impossible to meet with the same vnlesse it be found in their bladder when they be cut in twaine And yet the Magitians hold this to be one of the most rare things in the world and that which worketh wonders saying it is right soueraigne for the biting or stinging of the Aspis howbeit much more effectuall say they if punaises be mixed with it Tortoise egs dryed and hardened are good to be applied to the wens called the kings euill to any exulcerations caused either by extreame cold or burning The same being soft are singular to be supped off in the paine of the stomacke The flesh of sea Tortoises mixed and incorporat with the flesh of frogs is a soueraign remedy against the venome of Salamanders neither is there any thing more contrary in nature to the Salamander than is the Tortoise The bloud of the sea Tortoise serueth to recouer haire in places naked and bare by occasion of the disease called Alopecia it riddeth away likewise the skales and dandruffe yea and healeth all the scalds of the head but the same must dry vpon the head and be washed off at leisure by little and little If it be dropped into the eares with breast-milk it easeth their paine If it be chewed or eaten tempered with the fine floure of wheat it cureth the falling sicknes But for the better preparing and ordering of this bloud in these cases it ought to be mingled in 3 hemines of vineger one hemine of wine put thereto with an addition also of Barly meale and the same tempered with vineger of which composition the patient is to take and swallow down the quantity of a bean euery day morning and euening and after some daies past in the euening only this bloud is likewise singular to be dropt into the mouths of those that be fallen of the epilepsie or falling sicknes so the fit be but smal for which purpose they must be forced to gape In case of cramps convulsions the same is to be clysterized with Castoreum Whosoeuer rubbeth their teeth with Tortoise bloud and vse so to do a whole yeare together shal be freed from the pain therof for euer If it be mixed with barly groats and giuen to them that draw their winde short it discusseth the cause of that difficulty yea helpeth such as cannot breath but sitting vpright The gall of Tortoises cleareth the eiesight it doth subtiliat the cicatrices and films that grow in the eyes the inflammation of the tonsils it represseth assuageth the squinancy and helpeth all the accidents of the mouth and more particularly a property it hath to heale the cankerous and corrosiue sores there breeding as also to cure the inflammation of the genitoirs The same conueied vp into the nosthrils fetcheth those again to themselues who are in a fit of the falling sicknesse and setteth them vpright vpon their feet And with the slough of a serpent incorporat in vineger and dropt into the ears that run it is an excellent medicine to scoure them Some put a Boeufes gall among together with the broth of the Tortoise flesh sodden and an addition of a snakes slough in equall quantity but first they seeth the
this sort who had won the price in the race at those solemn sacred games which were held in Greece and those horse-runners they called Celeres howbeit afterwards the like honor obtained they who had born themselues best at the running of chariots whether they were drawn with 2 horses or four And from hence came the manner with vs of our valiant captains and victorious generalls to haue their statues made riding triumphant in their chariots Howbeit long it was first ere this fashion came to be taken vp and before the daies of Augustus Caesar late Emperour of famous memory there had not been knowne any such images at Rome riding in chariots either drawne with six steeds or Elephants as now there be The manner also of riding in coches with 2 horses about the cirque or shew place which vsually they did who had bin lords Pretors of Rome represented in their pourtraitures is not antient Concerning statues erected vpon columns or pillars they be of greater antiquity as may appeare by that of C. Menius who vanquished the antient Latines that inuaded the territory of Rome vnto which nation the people of Rome was woont by vertue of the league to allow the third part of the bootie and pillage gotten in the wars during the Consulship of which C. Menius vpon the victory atchieued of the Antiats the city of Rome ordained that the beak-heads with their brasen tines which were taken from them in a conflict at sea should be fastened vnto the pulpit of publicke pleas and Orations which thereupon was euer after called Rostra and this fortuned in the 416 yeare after the foundation of Rome The like statue vpon a column was set vp for the honour of C. Duillius who first defeated the Carthaginians by sea and for that nauall victorie entered Rome in triumph the same remaineth at this day to be seen in the Forum or grand place of the city Semblably P. Minutius obtained the same honour who being Purueior generall of corne for the city in time of a dearth behaued himselfe so well in that office that his statue of brasse was erected vpon a piller without the gate of Rome called Trigemina and that by an vniuersall contribution of the people who gaue voluntarily toward the charges therof euery man to the value of an ounce of brasse coine And I wot not whether I may boldly say that he was the first man who receiued that honour at the peoples hands for before-time I am well assured that the Senat only granted such rewards for mens good seruice Certes these were braue and honourable memorials had they not begun vpon occasion of some trifling matters to speake of For such a statue was that of Actius Nauius the Augur or Soothsayer which stood before the entrie of the Curia or Councell-chamber of Rome the base or foot of which pillar was burnt at what time as the said Curia or Senat-house caught a light fire at the funerals of P. Clodius The like image was set vp by authoritie from the State in the publicke place of elections at Rome called Comitium to the honor of Hermodorus the Ephesian who translated out of Greeke into Latine the lawes of the 12 tables which the ten Decemvirs had gathered and set down for the publicke benefit of the city As for the statue of Horatius Cocles which remaineth to this day there was another reason of it and the same of greater credit and importance for that he alone sustaining the charge and brunt of K. Porsenaes army made good the woodden bridge ouer Tybre at Rome and caused the enemies perforce to abandon the place As touching the Statues of the Prophetesses Sibyllae three of them there be neare vnto the Rostra before said but of a lesse making whereat I nothing maruell the one was repaired by Sex Pacuvius Taurus one of the Aediles of the Commons the other two by M. Messala And I assure you I would haue taken these Images and that of Actius Nauius to haue beene the most antique of all others as being set vp in the daies of K. Tarquinius Priscus but that I see the statues of the former kings within the Capitoll CHAP. VI. ¶ Statues without gowne or robe at all Of other Statues Which was the first statue on horse-backe When and whereupon all the Images as well publicke as priuat were demolished and put downe What women they were at Rome who were honoured with brasen statues and which were the first statues erected publiquely at Rome by strangers AMong the said Statues of Roman kings that of Romulus is without any coat or cassocke at all like as that also of Camillus which standeth at the pulpit Rostra As for the Image of Q. Martius Tremellius which was erected before the temple of Castor and Pollux the same was in a gowne and sitting vpon horse-backe this noble knight had vanquished the Samnites twice and by the winning of Anagnia a city not far from Rome procured thereby an easment vnto the people from paying tribute vnto the state for the maintenance of the wars In the ranke of the most antique monuments of Rome I may range the statues of Tullius Cloelius L. Roscius Sp. Nautius and C. Fulcinius which stand about the Pulpit Rostra and these were the foure Roman Embassadors who against all law of Nations were during their embassage murdered by the Fidenatians For this was an ordinary custome with the Romanes to honour those in this manner who in the seruice of the Commonwealth were vniustly killed as may appear likewise by P. Iunius and T. Coruncanus who by Teuca the queene of the Illyrians were put to death notwithstanding they came in embassade to her And here I cannot ouerpasse one point noted in the Annals that the measure of the statues erected in the common place at Rome was set down precisely to be three foot in height whereby it may appeare that this proportion and scantling in those daies was thought to be honorable Neither wil I conceale from you omit the memorable example of C. Octauius who for one word speaking lost his life this man beeing sent as Embassadour vnto king Antiochus and hauing deliuered his message vnto him according to his charge and Commission when hee saw that the king made no haste to giue him his dispatch presently but said hee would make him an answer another day made no more adoe but with a wand or rod that he had in his hand drew a circle about the king and compelled him by force to giue him his answer before he stirred his foot without that compasse But this cost him his life and for that he was killed thus in his Embassage the Senat of Rome ordained That his statue should be erected in the most conspicuous place of the city and that was in the publick pulpit for Pleas and Orations the Rostra before named I read in the Chronicles that the Senat made a decree that Taracia Caia or as some say
the pourtraitures of noble champions they delight also to haue the face of Epicurus in euery chamber of the house yea and to carry the same about them vpon their rings wheresoeuer they go in the remembrance and honour of his natiuitie they doe offer sacrifice euery 20 day of the Moone and these moneth-mindes they keep as holy-daies duly which thereupon they call Icades and none so much as they who will not abide to be knowne another day by any liuely image drawne whiles they be aliue Thus it is come to passe that whiles artificers play them and sit still for want of worke noble arts by the means are decaied and perished But I maruel nothing hereat for thus it is verily and no otherwise when we haue no respect or care in the world to leaue good deeds behind vs as the Images of our minds we do neglect the liuely portraitures and similitudes also of our bodies In our forefathers daies ywis it was otherwise their hals and stately courts were not set out with images and pourtraitures after this sort there were not in them to be seene any statues or images wrought by artisan strangers none of brasse they had none of marble their Oratories Chappels were furnished with their own and their ancestors pourtraitures in wax and those liuely and expressely representing their visages these were set out and disposed in order these were the images that attended the funerals of any that was to be interred out of that stock linage Thus alwaies as any gentleman died a man should see a goodly traine of all those which were liuing of that house accompanying the corps causing also the images of their predecessors to march ranke by ranke in order according to their seuerall descents in which solemne shew the whole generation that euer was of that family represented by these images is there present ready to performe that last duty and honour to their kinsman Moreouer wheresoeuer these images stood within the ora tory and chappell before said there were lines drawne from them vpon the wall directing to the seuerall titles and inscriptions which contained their stile their dignities and honors c. As for their studies and counting houses full they were of books records and rols testifying all acts done executed by them both at home abroad during the time they were in place to beare office of state Ouer and besides those images within house resembling the bodily shape countenance there were others also without dores to wit about the portals and gates of the house which were the testimonies of braue minds valiant hearts there hung fixed the spoiles conquered and taken from the enemies which notwithstanding any sale or alienation it was not lawfull for the purchaser to pluck down in such sort as the house it self triumphed still and retained the former dignity notwithstanding it had a new lord and master and verily this was to the master and owner a great spur to valour and vertue considering that if he were not in heart courage answerable to his predecessor he could neuer come in at the gates but the house was ready to reproch and vpbraid him daily for entering into the triumph of another Extant there is vpon record an Oration or act of Messala a great Orator in his time wherin vpon a great indignation he expressely forbad that there should be intermingled one image that came from another house of the Leuini among those of his owne name and linage for feare of confounding the race of his family and ancestors The like occasion moued and inforced old Messala to put forth and publish those bookes which he had made of the descents and pedigrees of the Roman houses for that vpon a time as he passed through the gallerie belonging to Scipio Africanus his house he beheld therein his stile augmented by the addition of Salutio for that was one of his syrnames which fel vnto him by the last wil and testament of a certain rich man so called who adopted him for his owne son as being greatly discontented in his minde that so base a name as that to the shame and dishonor of the Africans should creepe into the noble family of the Scipio's But if I may speak without offence of these two Messalae it should in my conceit be some token of a noble spirit and good mind that loueth and imbraceth vertue to entitle his owne name although vntruely to the armes and images of others so long as they be noble and renowned and I hold it a greater credit so to doe than to demeane our selues so vnworthily as that no man should desire any of our armes or images And seeing that I am so far entered into this theam I must not passe ouer one new deuise and inuention come vp of late namely to dedicat and set vp in libraries the statues in gold or siluer or at leastwise in brasse of those diuine and heauenly men whose immortall spirits do speak still and euer shall in those places where their bookes are And although it bee vnpossible to recouer the true and liuely pourtraits of many of them yet we forbeare not for all that to deuise one Image or other to represent their face and personage though we are sure it be nothing like them and the want therof doth breed and kindle in vs a great desire and longing to know what visage that might bee indeed which was neuer deliuered vnto vs as it appeareth by the statue of Homer Certes in my opinion there can be no greater argument of the felicity happinesse of any man than to haue all the world euermore desirous to know What kinde of person hee was whiles he liued This inuention of erecting libraries especially here at Rome came from Asinius Pollio who by dedicating his Bibliotheque containing all the bookes that euer were written was the first that made the wits and workes of learned men a publique matter and a benefit to a Commonweale But whether the kings of Alexandria in Egypt or of Pergamus began this enterprise before who vpon a certain emulation and strife one with another went in hand to make their stately and sumptuous libraries I am not able to auouch for certain But to returne againe to our flat images and pictures that men in old time delighted much therein yea and were carried away with an ardent and extraordinary affection to them may appeare by the testimony not only of Atticus that great friend of Cicero's who set forth a book intituled A Treatise of painted images but also of M. Varro who in all his volumes whereof hee wrote a great number vpon a most thankfull and bountifull mind that he carried deuised to insert not onely the names of 700 famous and notable persons but also in some sort to set down their physiognomy resemblance of their visage not willing as it might seem that their remembrance should perish but desirous to preserue the
earthen vessels in potterie which onely were left behind in Ambracia at what time as Fulvius syrnamed Nobilior remooued the Muses from thence of his pourtraying and brought them to Rome Moreouer there remaineth yet at Rome within the galleries of Philippus the picture of Helena wrought by the hand of Zeuxis and in the temple of Concord another resembling Marsias the Musitian bound to a tree As for Parasius before named borne hee was at Ephesus and inuented also diuers things of himself to the aduencement of this art for the first he was that gaue the true symmetrie to a portraiture and obserued the just proportions he first exactly kept the sundry habits and gestures of the countenance he it was that first stood vpon the curious workemanship of couching and laying the haires of the head in order the louely grace and beauty about the mouth and lips he first exactly expressed and by the confession of all painters that saw his worke he woon the prise and praise from them all in making vp the pourfils and extenuities of his liniaments which is the principall point and hardest matter belonging to the whole art for to draw forth the bodily proportion of things to hach also yea and to fill within requireth I confesse much labour and good workmanship but many haue bin excellent in that behalfe mary to pourfil wel i. to make the extremities of any part to mark duly the diuisions of parcels to giue enery one their just compasse and measure is exceeding difficult and few when they come to the doing of it haue been found to attaine vnto that felicity For the vtmost edge of a worke must fall round vpon it selfe and so knit vp in the end as if it shadowed somwhat behind and yet shewed that which it seemeth to hide In this so curious and inexplicable a point Antigonus and Xenocrates both who wrote as touching this art haue giuen him the honour of the best not onely confessing his singular gift herein but also commending him for it Many other plots and projects there doe remaine of his drawing pourtraied as well in tables as vpon parchment which serue as patterns they say for painters to learn much cunning by And yet for inward works and to expresse the middle parts of a portraiture he seemeth not so perfect nor answerable to himselfe otherwise There is a notable picture of his making which he called Demon Atheniensinm that is to say the common people of the Athenians the deuise whereof was passing full of wit and verie inuentiue for his intention was in one and the same pourtrait and vnder one object of the eye to expresse the nature of the people variable wrathfull vnjust and vnconstant the same also he would haue to appeare exorable milde and pittifull haughtie glorious and proud and humble lowly and submisse fierce and furious and the same coward-like and ready to run away all these properties I say he represented vnder one cast of the eie This workeman painted also Theseus which stood sometimes in the capitoll of Rome a certaine Admirall likewise of a nauie armed with a corselet In one table also which is at Rhodes he depainted Meleager Hercules and Perseus This table was thrice blasted with lightening howbeit the pictures were not defaced but remained whole and entire as at the first a miraculous thing and that which maketh much for the credit of the picture Archigallus was of his painting a picture that Tiberius the Emperor tooke great pleasure in and as Eculco mine author doth testifie he esteemeed it worth 60000 sesterces and inclosed it within his bed-chamber Moreouer he counterfeited one Cressa a nource with her infant in her arms he pourtraied Philiscus and god Bacchus with the goddesse Vertue standing by him also two boies on whom a man might see most liuely resembled the carelesnesse and simplicity of that age likewise a priest attended vpon with a pretty boy holding a censar in his hand and a coronet Ouer and besides two pictures there be of his handie-work going vnder the name of Hoplitides i. armed the one running in his armour in battel-wise soas he seemeth all in a sweat the other disarming himself all wearied so as a man would think his wind were gone or that he drew it very short Great praise there is of one table of his wherin are depainted Aeneas Castor and Pollux also of another which contained Telephus Achilles Agamemnon Vlysses An artisan ful of work who would euer be doing one thing or other but so arrogant withall as no man euer shewed more insolency than he in regard that hee was cunning and well thought of which he knew well enough and no man needed to tell him In this proud spirit of his he would take vpon him diuers titles and additions to his name among others he would call himselfe Abrodiatus and other words he vsed whereby hee would make himselfe known that he was prince of painters and the art by him made perfect and accomplished But it exceedeth how vaine-glorious he shewed himselfe in that hee gaue out hee was in right line descended from Apollo also that the pourtrait of Hercules which is in a table at Lindos he drew from the very person of Hercules himselfe answerable in all points to the proportion and lineaments of his body who by his saying had appeared to him oftentimes in his sleep of purpose that he might paint him liuely as he was In this veine of vanity being vpon a time put down by Timanthes the Painter at Samos where by the judgement of all that were present his picture representing Ajax and the awarding of the armor of Achilles from him to Vlyxes was not thought comparable to another of Timanthes his making I am ill apaied quoth he and sory at the heart for this noble knight and braue warrior Ajax whose euill hap it is thus to be foiled once againe by so vnworthy a weight and a far meaner person than himselfe He delighted also to paint small pictures in prety tables and those representing wantonnesse and lecherie and this he did as he was wont to say for his recreation and as it were to breath himselfe when he had laboured hard at greater workes As for Timanthes an excellent fine wit he had of his owne ful he was of rare inuentions he it was that made the famous picture of Iphigenia sohighly commended by eloquent orators and to say a truth his conceit therin was admirable for when he had deuised that the poor innocent lady should stand hard at the altar ready to be slain for sacrifice and had painted those that were present about her with heauy and sad countenance weeping wailing all for the instant death of this young princesse and her vnckle Menelaus aboue the rest full of sorrow and lamentation and shewing the same as much as possibly might be hauing by this time spent in them all the signes that might testifie the hearts griefe and that he
somewhat with the biggest howbeit he wrot books touching symmetrie and proportion as also of colours Among other works of his there are reckoned these to wit the portraiture of a battel or skirmish of horsemen the twelue chiefe gods and goddesses also the liuely picture of Theseus of whom he was wont to say That the Theseus of Parasius painting was fed with roses but this Theseus of his with good flesh There be excellent tables of his making at Ephesus to wit Vlyxes feigning himselfe mad and in that fit coupling an oxe and a horse in one and the same yoke also diuers personages in their clokes and mantles after the Greekish fashion musing and in a deep study likewise a captain putting vp his sword into his scabberd At the same time liued Cydias he who in a table represented the Argonauts for which Hortensius the Orator was content to pay 144000 Sesterces This picture he shrined in an Oratorie or chappell built of purpose for it in a house of pleasure that he had at Thusculum As for Antidotus apprentise he was to Euphranor of his handiwork there is a picture at Athens resembling one with a shield ready to enter into combat or sight also a wrestler and a plaier vpon the fife or hautbois which is a piece of work highly commended and few comparable vnto it more curious and precise he was in the secrets of the art than obseruant of symmetry proportion being otherwise giuen to vse sad and duskish colours The greatest name that he had was for bringing vp Nicias the Athenian who of all others painted women most excellently For lights and shadowes in perspectiue he was excellent also a passing great care and regard he had so to raise his worke as that it seemed to be embossed and higher than the boord of his table the pictures of Nemea which out of Asia were transported to Rome by Syllanus and hung vp in the Senat house as I haue shewed heretofore of prince Bacchus within the temple of Concord of Hyacinthus which Augustus Caesar vpon a speciall liking to it brought with him to Rome after hee had forced and sacked Alexandria in which regard Tiberius Caesar his successour seeing what affection Augustus Caesar had vnto it in his life time dedicated it in the Temple of the said Augustus and lastly of the goddesse Diana were all proofes of his skill and workmanship Moreouer at Ephesus the Sepulchre of Megabyzus one of the Priests of the Order of Diana of Ephesus was of his painting like as at Athens the necromancie of the Poet Homer This picture Nicias held at so high a price that he would not let it go vnto K. Attalus for 60 talents but chose rather to bestow it freely vpon his own natiue country being otherwise a man for his own priuat state very wealthy Besides these before rehearsed he made others of a larger size among which are reckoned Calypso Io and the lady Andromeda The excellent picture also of K. Alexander which is in the gallery of Pompeius together with Calypso painted sitting came out of his shop The perfect poâ—…traying of fourfooted beasts is ascribed vnto him and in truth a singular grace he had and felicitie in painting dogs This is that Nicias of whom Praxiteles gaue so good testimonie for being asked vpon a time what pieces he esteemed best of all those that himselfe had cut in marble he answered Euen those wherein Nicias hath had a hand so much did he attribute vnto his vernish and polishing Another Nicias there was who liued in the 112 Olympias but whether this man were he or no it is not certainly knowne howbeit some there be that would haue him to be the same Certes Atheman of Marona was taken for as good a workman euery way as Nicias and in some respects better he learned the art of Glaucion the Corinthian In choice of his colours he stood not so much vpon gallantnesse but vsed those that were with the saddest howbeit those dark and shadowed works of his shewed more pleasant and delectable than his masters wherby appeared his profound knowledge and deep skil in the very laying and couching of his colours The picture of Philarchus he drew which is in the Temple of Ceres Eleusine The frequent assembly also of the dames of Athens which they call Polygynaecon was of his pourtraying likewise he represented Achilles in his youth hidden vnder the habit of a yong damosell and how the crafty foxe Vlysses discouered and found him out notwithstanding he was so disguised But one table aboue the rest woon him the greatest credit and that was wherein he painted an horsekeeper training and nurturing his palfrey Certes but that he died in his youth there had not been a painter in all the world comparable vnto him As touching Heraclides the Macedonian he also may run in the range of famous Painters ar the beginning he employed himselfe in painting ships after that King Perseus was taken prisoner he left his natiue countrey and went to Athens where liued at that time Metrodorus a Painter and Philosopher both a man of great name and authoritie as well in the one profession as the other and therefore when L. Paulus after the defeature of the said Perseus sent vnto the Athenians and requested them to send vnto him an excellent Philosopher to teach and instruct his children together with a singular painter to set out his triumph with curious pictures the Athenians made choice of Metrodorus onely and commended him alone vnto Lucius Paulus for the best approoued and most consummate to serue his turne and satisfie both his desires which by good proofe and experience Paulus found true and gaue iudgement of him accordingly Timomachus the Byzantine flourished in the dayes of Caesar Dictatour for whom hee painted Ajax and Medea which pictures when he bought of him for 80 talents hee caused to be hung vp in the temple of Venus Genetrix Now when I speake of a talent you must vnderstand the Attick talent which M. Varro doth value at 6000 deniers Roman There goeth as great praise likewise and commendation of other pieces that passed from vnder the hands of Timomachus to wit the pictures of Orestes of Iphigenia in Tauris and of Lecythion who taught youths dancing vaulting and other feats of actiuitie he pourtraied also in a table a goodly race descent and kindred of gentlemen two persons besides in their clokes or mantles after the Greekish fashion ready to make a speech vnto the people the one set the other standing vpon his feet but it seemed that art fauored and graced him most in painting Minerva's shield where he portraied Gorgon or Medusa's head most liuely Aristelaus was the son of Pausias and vnder his father he learned the mysterie of painting who is counted one of the greatest painters that euer was Of his workmanship are the tables containing the pictures of Epaminondas Pericles Medea Vertue and Theseus Hee also drew with his pensil
diuers and sundry colors Moreouer this would be noted That if glasse and sulphur be melted together they will souder and vnite into a hard stone To conclude hauing thus discoursed of all things that are knowne to be done by wit or art according to the direction of Nature I cannot chuse but maruell at fire and the operations thereof seeing that nothing in a manner is brought to perfection but by fire and thereby any thing may be done CHAP. XXVII ¶ The wonderfull operations of fire the medicinable properties that it hath and the prodigious significations obserued thereby FIre receiueth sundry sorts of sand earth out of which it doth extract and melt one while glasse another while siluer in this place vermilion in that diuers sorts of lead and tin somtime Painters colours and another while matters medicinable By fire stones are resolued into brasse by fire iron is made and the same is tamed likewise therewith fire burneth and calcineth stone whereof is made that mortar which bindeth all worke in masonry As for some things the more they be burnt the better they are and of one and the same matter a man shall see one substance ingendred in the first fire another in the second and another also in the third As for the coles that go to these fires when they be quenched they begin to haue their strength and after they are thought extinct and dead they are of greatest vertue This element of Fire is infinit and neuer ceaseth working insomuch as it is hard to say whether it consume more than it ingendreth The very fire also is of great effect in physick for this is known for certain by experience there is not a better thing in the world against the pestilence occasioned by the darknesse of the Sun and the want of cleare light from him than to make fires and perfumes in diuers sorts either to clarifie or to correct the aire according as Empedocles and Hippocrates haue testified in diuers places M. Varro writeth that fire is good for convulsions cramps and contusions of the inward parts and for this purpose I will alledge the very words he vseth the Latine word Lix quoth he is nothing else but the ashes of the hearth and hereupon comes Lixivus cinis i. Lie ashes which being drunk is medicinable as we may see by fencers and sword-plaiers who after they haue done their flourishing and be ready to enter into fight at sharpe refresh themselues with this potion Furthermore it is said That a cole of oke wood being reduced into ashes and incorporat with hony cureth the carbuncle which is a pestilent disease whereof two noblemen at Rome both Consuls in their time died of late according as I haue shewed already See the wonderfull power in nature that things despised and of no account as ashes and coles should afford remedies for the health of man But before I make an end of fire and the hearth where it burneth I will not passe one admirable example commended vnto vs by the Roman Chronicles in which we reade That during the reign of Tarquinius Priscus king of Rome there appeared all on the sudden vpon the hearth where hee kept fire out of the very ashes the genital member of a man by vertue whereof a wench belonging vnto Tanaquil the queen as she sate before the said fire conceiued and arose from the fire with childe and of this conception came Servius Tullus who succeeded Tarquin in the kingdome And afterwards while hee was a yong childe and lay asleep within the court his head was seen on a light fire whereupon he was taken to be the son of the domestical spirits of the chimney Which was the reason that when he was come to the crown he first instituted the Compitalia and the solemne games in honour of such house-gods or familiar spirits THE XXXVII BOOKE OF THE HISTORIE OF NATVRE WRITTEN BY C. PLINIVS SECVNDVS The Proem TO the end that nothing might be wanting to this historie of mine concerning Natures works there remaine behind nothing but pretious stones wherein appeareth her Maiesty brought into a narrow and streight roome and to say a truth in no part of the world is she more wonderfull in many respects whether you regard their varietie colours matter or beauty which are so rich and pretious that many make conscience to seale with them thinking it vnlawfull to engraue any print in them or to diminish their honour and estimation by that means Some of them are reckoned inestimable or valued at all the goods of the world besides insomuch as many men thinke some one pretious stone or gem sufficient to behold therein the very perfection of Nature and her absolute worke Touching the first inuention of wearing such stones in jewels and how it tooke first root and grew afterwards to that height as all the world is in admiration thereof I haue alreadie shewed in some sort in my treatise of Gold and Rings And yet I will not conceale from you that which poets do fable of this matter who would beare vs in hand that all beg an at the rocke Caucasus whereunto Prometheus was bound fast who was the first that set a little fragment of this rocke within a peece of iron which being done about his finger was the ring and the foresaid stone the gemme whereof the Poets make much foolish moralization CHAP. I. ¶ Of ihe rich precious stones of Polycrates the Tyrant and King Pyrrhus The first Lapidaries or Cutters in pretious stones And who was the first that had a case of rings and gems at Rome PRometheus hauing giuen this precedent brought other stones into great price and credit insomuch as men were mightily inamoured vpon them and Polycrates of Samos the puissant prince and mighty monarch ouer all the Islands and coasts thereabout in the height of his felicitie and happy estate which himself confessed to be excessiue being troubled in his mind that he had tasted of no misfortune and willing after a sort to play at Fortunes game one while to win and another while to lose and in some measure to satisfie her inconstancie was persuaded in his minde that he should content her sufficiently in the voluntarie losse of one gem that he had and which he set so great store by thinking verily that this one hearts griefe for parting from so pretious a jewell was sufficient to excuse and redeeme him from the spightful enuy of that mutable goddesse Seeing therefore the world to come vpon him still and no foure sorrowes intermingled with his sweet delights in a wearinesse of his continual blessednesse he imbarked himselfe and sailed into the deep where wilfully he flung into the sea a ring from his finger together with the said stone so pretious set therein But see what ensued A mighty fish euen made as a man would say for the king chanced to swallow it down as if it had bin some bait which being afterwards caught by fishers thought to
blew as Azure In Phrygia you shall haue it purple in Cappadocia partly purple and partly blew but no kind of lustre hath it at all Out of Amises a city in Pontus we haue Iaspers brought much like to the Indian and the Iasper of Chalcedon is muddy and troubled But it were better to set downe their degrees in goodnesse rather than to stand vpon the countries from whence they are transported The best Iasper then is that esteemed which standeth much vpon purple or Lac the second is incarnat or of a rose colour the third resembleth the Emeraud in greennesse To euery one of these seuerall kindes the Greekes haue imposed significant names And in a fourth place the Greeks haue ranged another called Borea like to the morning skie in the time of Autumne and this may well be called Aerizusa There is a Iasper in colour like to the Sarda i. the Cornalline as also resembling much the violets there be as many more sorts behind which I haue not touched but subject they be al to blemishes as namely being blew or like to Crystal or * waterie fleam Last of all we haue a Iasper called Terebinthizusa by the Greekes but as I take it very vnproperly as if it were compounded of many gems of one and the same kind and therefore the better sort of such are inclosed within a circle of gold yet so as they be open both aboue and beneath neither is any thing but the edges only compassed with gold The faults or imperfections of the Iasper be these If the lustre indure not long notwithstanding it glitter a far off also if it shew a spot like vnto a graine of salt besides all other which I haue already named in the rest Moreouer Iaspers may be falsified by the meanes of glasse and this is soone detected namely when they cast a reuerberation of their lustre outwardly and hold it not within To conclude with the stones called Sphragides they are not much vnlike to the Iaspers And this gift they haue aboue all the rest that they make the best signets and seale fairest CHAP. IX ¶ Sundry kinds of Iaspers OF diuers sorts of Iaspers al the East part by report are most affected to that which is like the Emeraud and they carrie it ordinarily about them as a countercharme The same if it be compassed round about with one white crosse line in the midst is called Grammatias if with many Polygrammos And here by the way I can hold no longer but my mind serues me very well to challenge the Magitians who haue giuen it out That this stone is very good for those to haue about them who are to make some publick speech or solemne Oration to the people Moreouer we haue a Iasper called Onycho puncta Iasponyx which seemeth to inclose a cloud within it in some sort to resemble the snow This Iasper is fashioned like to a Star and beset with diuers reddish points a man that saw it would say it were a kind of Megarian salt There is besides a Iasper which seemeth as if it were infected with smoake and this is called Capnias Concerning the bignesse of the Iasper I haue seene one of them nine inches long which serued for to represent the visage of Nero the Emperour standing ready armed with a cuirace As touching the precious stone Cyanos I must speake of it apart notwithstanding I haue of late mentioned and applied it to one of the names of the Iasper to wit that with the blew colour The best Cyanos is that of Scythia the next commeth from Cypros and in the last place we are to reckon the Aegyptian This stone is very apt to be counterfeited and especially by tincture ihe inuention whereof is ascribed to a king of Egypt who was highly honoured for beeing the first that gaue a colour to it Distinguished these stones also are by the sex for there be of them both male and also female Otherwhiles you shall perceiue a certaine pouder in them as it were of gold and yet not like to that of Saphires for the Saphire also glittereth with marks and pricks of gold Saphires are likewise sometime blew mixed also with purple although that be very seldome the best are among the Medes yet in no place be they transparent Moreouer they are vntoward for to be cut and engrauen by reason that the lapidarie shall meet with certaine hard knots of Crystall comming here and there betweene The blewest are thought to be the male Next after these I am to range those stones that bee of a purple colour and such as decline somewhat from them and yet seem to depend of them of which I must place in the first ranke as principall the Amethysts of India and of them there bee found in a part of Arabia which bordereth vpon Syria and is called Petraea also in Armenia the lesse in Aegypt and in France but the foulest and of most base account be those of Thasos Cyprus The reason of the name Amethyst is generally thought to be this that notwithstanding it approch very neer to the colour of wine yet before it throughly tast therof it turneth into a March Violet color and that purple lustre which it hath is not altogether fiery but declineth in the end to the color of wine There is not one of these Amethysts but it is transparent with a violet colour Easie they are al to be cut and ingrauen And as for the Indian Amethysts they haue the full and rich colour of the Phoenicean purple die and in truth the diers wish that they may but giue a tincture answerable to it Verily this purple colour is pleasing to the eie neither doth it strike or pierce the sight so forcible as the Rubies do In a second rank are to be ranged the Amethysts inclining to the Iacincts the color of which stone the Indians call Sacon like as the gem it selfe Sacodian Now if the color be more weak and feeble they call it Sapinos and this Amethyst in a third degree is named Paranites in the marches of Arabia which name it taketh of the people The fourth kind resembleth the colour of wine The fift declines neer to Chrystall saue only that toward the bottom thereof it standeth of a certaine whitish purple but this is nothing esteemed for the excellent Amethyst indeed being held vp in the aire ought to shine in manner of a Ruby and to carry a certain purple lustre mildly participating of the incarnat rose color Such Amethysts as these some chuse rather to call Paederotes like as a kind of Opale others Anterotes many giue them the name of Venus gems for the great grace that they haue decent louelinesse which they seem to shew both in fashion and colour especially without-forth The Magitians as vain herein as in all other things seem to bear vs in hand that they haue a special vertue to withstand drunkennesse wherupon they should be called Amethysts neither stay
483 e. sundry peeces of his handy-worke ibid. Acro who was the first Empericke Physician that euer was 344. h Acrocorios a kinde of Bulbe 19 a Act of generation how it is helped 130 h. 131 a 132 g. See more in Venus how it is hindered 58. k 59 d. 187 a. 190 h. 221 d. 256 l. See more in Venus L. Actius the Poet. 490. l L. Actius being of low stature caused his statue to be made tall ibid. Actius Nauius the Augur 491 b Actius Nauius his statue erected vpon a Columne at Rome ibid. A D Adad the Assyrian god 630. h Adad-Nephros a pretious stone ibid. Adamantis a magicall hearbe 203. c. why so called ibid. the strange vertues and properties thereof ibid. A arca See Calamochnus Adarce what it is 74 l. the vertues and properties that it hath ibid. Adders tongue See Lingulaca Aditiales Epulae or Adijciales what feasts they be 355. c Admiranda the title to a booke of M. Ciceroes 403. b Adonis garden 91. c Adonium a floure ibid. in Adoration of the gods what gesture obserued 297. e Adulterie how a woman shall loath and detest 434. k A E Aegilops a kinde of bulbe 19. b Aegilops an hearbe 235. a. the qualitie that the seed hath 99. c. Aegilops what vlcer ibid. Aegina an Island famous for brasse founders 488. h in great name for the branchworke of brasen candlestickes there made ibid. k Aegipt stored with good hearbes 96. l. what they be ib. 97. b Aegypt famous for singular hearbes and commended therefore by Homer 210. l Aegiptian beane 111. c. the vertues ibid. Aegiptilla a pretious stone 625. a. the description ib. Aegles why they hatch but two at one airie 590. k Aegle stone See Aëtites Aegophthalmus a pretious stone 630. i Aegolethron an hearbe 94 h. why so called ibid. Aegonichon See Greimile Aegypios a kinde of Vulture or Geere 365. d Aera Militum what 486. i Aerarium the treasurie of Rome why so called ibid. l Aerarij Tribuni what officers in Rome ibid. Aëroïdes a kinde of Berill 613. d Aerosum what gold 472. g Aechines a Physitian af Athens 301. e Aeschynomene a magicall hearbe 204. i. why so called ib. the strange qualitie that it hath ibid. Aesope the player his earthen platter 554. g Aesope the Philosopher 578 g. a bondslaue together with Rhodope the harlot ibid. Aeëtites a pretious stone why so called 396. l. 590. k. foure kindes thereof ibid. male and female ibid. their description ibid. the vertues of them all ibid. m Aeëtites a pretious stone 630. i Aethiopis a magicall hearbe 244 g. the incredible effects thereof ibid. from whence we haue it 269. d the description of it 271. c. the roots medicinable ibid. d A F Africa the word is a spell in Africke 297. d A G Agaricke what it is 227 d. male and female ibid. d e the ill qualitie that the male hath ibid. Agath a pretious stone 623 d. why called Achates ibid. the sundry names that it hath ibid. Indian Agaths represent the forme of many things within them 623 f the Agath serueth well to grind drougs into fine powder 623 f. diuerse kindes of Agaths 624. g the chiefe grace of an Agath ibid. incredible wonders reported of the Agath by Magicians 623 h. Agath of King Pyrrhus with the nine Muses and Apollo therein naturally 601 a b Agathocles a Physician and writer 131. e Agelades a famous Imageur in brasse 497 e. hee taught Polycletus ibid. his workes ibid. he taught Myro 498. h Ageraton an hearbe 271. d. the description ibid. why so called and the vertues ibid. Aglaophotis a magicall hearbe 203 a. why so called ibid. why named Marmaritis ibid. vsed in coniuring and raising spirits ibid. b Agnels how to be cured 38 i. See more in Cornes Agnus Castus a tree 257. c Agogae what conduits they be 468. m Agoracritus an Imageur in Marble 565 d. beloued exceedingly by his master Phidias ibid. Agrimonie an hearbe 220 k. why called Eupatoria ibid. the description ibid. the vertues ibid. l Agrion a kinde of Nitre 420. h Agrippa Menenius enterred at the common charges of the Romane Citizens 480. i M. Agrippa how he cured the gout with vinegre 156. k his admirable workes during the yeare of his Aedileship 585 e. how he conueighed seuen riuers vnder Rome 582. h Agues what medicines they do require 137. a. See more in Feuers A I Aire of sea water wherefore good 412. k Aire which is good to recouer strength after long sicknesse 181. d. change of Aire for what diseases good 303. c A L Alabastrum See Stimmi Alabastrites what kinde of stone 574. g. what vses it serued for ibid. the degrees thereof in goodnesse ibid. h Alabastrites a pretious stone 624 i. the place where it is found ibid. the description and vertue ibid. Alabastrites a kinde of Emeraud 613. a Albicratense a goldmine in France yeelding the best ore with a 36 part of siluer and no more 469. c Albi hils in Candie 408. k Albucum what it is 100 g Albulae what waters about Rome 402. m Alcamenes a fine Imageur and engrauer in brasse and marble 501 a. his workes ibid. 565. d Alcaea an hearbe 249. b Alcaea an hearbe 272 k. the description ibid. l Alcaeus a Poet and writer 131. a Alcibiades honoured with a statue at Rome 492. i. reputed the hardest wariour ibid. Alcibiades most beautiful in his youth childhood 568. g Alcibion an hearbe 275. e. the vertues ibid. Alcimachus a feat painter 549 c. his workemanship ibid. Alcisthene a woman and a paintresse 551. a Alcmena hardly deliuered of Hercules 304 m. the cause thereof ibid. Alcon the Imageur 514. g. he made Hercules of yron and steele ibid. Alcontes a rich Chirurgian 348. g. well fleeced by Claudius Caesar ibid. Alder tree what vertues it hath in Physicke 189. â— Alectoriae pretious stones 624. i. why so called ib. the vertues ib. why Milo the wrestler caried it about him ibid. Ale an old drinke 145 b. what nourishment it yeelds 152. g Alectorolophos an hearbe 275. c. the description and vertues ibid. Alâ—…x wâ—…at kinde of sauce 418 g. how made ibid. the vertue and vse thereof in Physicke ibid. i Aleos a riâ—…er of a strange nature 403. d Alexander otherwise called Paris excellently wrought in brasse by Euphraner resembling a iudge a louer and a murderer 502. g K. Alexander the great vsed to visit Apelles the painter his shop 538. m. he gaue away his concubine faire Campaspe to Apelles 539. a. a conqueror of his owne affections ib. b Alexipharmaca what medicines they be 106. h Aliacmon a riuer 403. d Alica what it is 139. c. compared with Ptisane 140. k See Frumentâ—…e Alincon described 128. l. m. two kindes thereof and their vertues 129. a Alisanders an bearbe 24. g. how strangely it groweth 30. g the vertues thereof 54. i. See Hipposelinum Alisma what hearbe 231. a. the names that it hath ibid. the description ibid. the two
thereof 202. l Apua a fish 418. h Apuscidamus a lake wherein all things swim 404. i Apuscorus a Magician 372. i A Q Aquifolia 279. c Aquilius a Romane generall taken prisoner by K Mithridates 463. e. forced to drinke molten gold ibid. A R Arabica a pretious stone 624. k. like to yuorie ibid. the vertues ibid. Arabicke bloud stone why so called 590. h Arabus a stone 591 b. the vse of it ibid. Arcadia a towne so called in Creet 410. l Arcebion what herbe 125. b Arcesilaus an excellent workeman in potterie 552. l his moulds in cley exceeding deare ibid. his workes ibid. Arcesilaus a singular imageur in marble his Lionesse and the Cupids 570. i Archagathus the first professor of Physicke in Rome 345. 〈◊〉 first called the vulnerarie Physician or Chirurgion ib. f afterwards named the bloudie butcher 346. g Archangell See Dead Nettle Archers how they shall shoot and neuer misse 313. d Archezostis an hearb 260. g Arcion See Personata and Persolata Arction an hearbe 274. k. the description ib. the vertues ib. Arcturus an hearbe See Arction Archigallus a picture wrought by Parasius 536. g. how highly esteemed by Tiberius the Emperor ibid. Arellius a painter giuen to loosenesse of life and to wenching 545. d Arethusa the fountaine senteth sometime of dung 411. b the reason thereof ibid. Argemonia an herbe how it differs from Anemone 109. d Argemonia an herbe 227. c. the vertues that it hath ibid. three kindes and their description ibid d Argentaria a kinde of chalke or white earth 560 l. why so called ibid. Argyrodamus a pretious stone 624. k Arianis a magicall hearbe 203. d. the strange operation thereof ibid. Aris what hearbe 200. d Aristida what hearbe 283. d Aristides a famous painter 541. c. his gift in expressing the conceptions and dispositions of the mind ib. d. the perturbations also ib. his admirable picture of a sucking babe and the mother dying vpon a mortall wound ib. b. sundrie excellent peeces of his handiworke 541. e. f. 542. g. for one picture he receiued 100 talents of siluer ibid. Aristides a Painter 544. h Aristius a fine grauer 483. e Aristoclides a good Painter 549. a Aristogiton a Physitian and writer 274. g Aristogiton honoured with an image of brasse for killing Pisistratus the Tyrant 490. g Aristolaus an approued Painter 548. l Aristonidas a cunning imagenr 513. e. his deuise to expresse the furie and repentance of Athamas both together 513. f Aristophon a cunning Painter 549. b Aristolochia an hearbe 226. g. the foure kindes g. h. i. the round the male Clematis or of Candie Pistolochia ibid. their description ibid. their medicinable vertues ibid. k Aristolochia the round why of some it is called the poyson of the earth 226. k. See more in Birthwort Aristotle a Philosopher 303. e. noted for deuising a cup of a Mules houfe to carrie poyson in it 400. h Arithmeticke necessarie for painters 537. b Arme-holes the ranke and strong smell how to be remedied 101. b. 105. d. 128. k. 131. b. 207. f. 379 f. 422. l 558. k. Armenius lapis See Verd-de Azur Armoracia a kinde of Radish medicinable 39. b Arnutius a Physitian growne to great wealth 344. l Aromatites a pretious stone 624. k. much vsed by Queenes and great ladies ibid. Arrenogonum what hearbe 257. d Arrugiae what they be in searching for gold 467. c Arsen. See Mandragoras Arsenicke of three kindes 521. a. their description b. their vertues ibid. Arsenogonon an hearbe described 268. h. the vertue that it hath ibid. i Artemisia an hearbe 222. g. called sometime Parthenius and why ibid. wherefore it tooke the name Artemisia ib. the description of it ibid. h. the vertues 232. g Artemon an effeminat person 498. g. why surnamed Periphoretos ibid. Artechoux described 78. l. their vertues ibid. they cause desire of drinke ibid. m. they helpe in the act of generation 131. a. See more in Thistles Artemon a Physitian 294. g. reproued for his magicall medicines made of the parts of mans bodie ibid. Artemon a singular painter 549. c. his peeces of worke ibid. Arteriacum a composition in Physicke 69. b. how it is made ibid. A S As in Rome what it signified 462. k As of twelue ouxces stamped with the image of a sheepe 462. l. As of two ounces stamped with a two-faced Ianus of one side and the beakehead of a ship on the other 463 a As of one ounce ibid. b. of halfe an ounce ibid. c an Asse delighteth in the hearbe Ferula or Fennell geant 176. k. Assâ—…s house burnt to ashes medicinable 324. l Assâ—…s greene dung medicinable 325. c Assâ—…s consâ—…crated to Bacchus and why 176. h Assâ—…s yeeld â—…emedies against serpents and scorpions 322. l Asse soles vrine what it is good for 324. h. how to be corrected ibid. Asses yeeld many medicines but the wild Asse is most effectuall 323. b the stone that a wild Asse voideth with his vrine being killed in chase is very medicinable 333. 〈◊〉 Asarotos oecos in Pergamus the common hall why so called 596. h Asarubas his opinion as touching Amber 606. k Asarum or Asarabacca an hearbe 104. i. the medicinable vertues thereof 104. i Asbestinum a kinde of Line or Flax. 5. a. the admirable vse thereof 4. m. 5. a Asbestos a pretious stone 624. l Ascalabotes what it is 361. b Ascanius a lake of Nure 420. m Ascalonia what kinde of Onion 20 g. why so called ibid. the properties ibid. Asclepias an hearbe 274. l. the description and vertues ibid. l. m. Asclepiades the author of a new profession in Physicke 344. i. hee reuiued and cured one supposed to bee dead and carried forth to his funerals 243. d. at first he was an Oratour and afterwards became a Physician 242. m he altered the practise of the former Physicke 243. a. he deuised fiue principall remedies for all diseases ibid. which they are ibid. he was called the cold water Physitian because he allowed his patieÌ„ts to drinke cold water c Asclepiades deuised bathing first and pendant beds for the sick 243. c. his deuises whereby he grew in credit ib. d Asclepiodorus a painter excellent in measures and proportions 537. f. admired therefore by Apelles 543. c his picture of the twelue principall gods ibid. d. what reward he had for it from King Mnason ibid. Ascyroeides an hearbe 275. a. the description ibid. why it is called Androsaemon ibid. Ascyron and Ascyrocides hearbes resembling one another 275. a. Ash tree the medicinable vertues thereof 184. l. the seed and cods which it beareth ibid. Ashes of a man or womans bodie burnt medicinable 301. 〈◊〉 Asio a kinde of Owle 366. d Asplenum an hearbe 274. k. the description ibid. the vertues ibid. l Asplenas reproched for his poysoned earthen platter 554. k Asprenates a familie at Rome 383. d. two brethren of that name how cured of the Collicke ibid. Asperugo an hearbe 258. h. why so called ibid. Asphodell an hearbe 99. f. the
Physicke 78. l Castor a beast See Beeuer Castoreum what it is 430. k. how prepared against sundry poisons 431. a. b. the ordinarie dose of Castoreum 431. b Castoreum medicinable otherwise 438. h. 442. g Catagusa an image of Praxiteles his making 500. k Catanance 278. k. an amatorious hearbe ibid. Cataract or suffusion of the eies what remedies proper for it 105. b. 106. h. 198. m. 233. f. 237. b. 306. g. 312. g. 314. k. l 316. g. 324. k. 366. i. k. l. 367. b. c. 419. a. 431. e. 432. k 438. i. 509. a. 557. d. Catagrapha what pictures 533. b Catarrhs falling to the throat and chest with what medicines staied 378. h. 352. g. 380. l Catarrhs violent by what meanes they are restrained 154. g 156 g. 173 c. 183 c. 194 i. 286 l. 287 d. Cato Vticensis endited for selling Cantharides 362. i Cato a writer in Physicke and naturall Philosophie 48. k Cats-haire a sore See Felons Catochites a pretious stone 625. c Catopyrites a pretious stone 625. d Cattaile how to be secured from all harmes 193. f Catus Aelius a Consull of Rome serued with earthen vessels at his owne bourd 481. b. he refused siluer plate presented vnto him ibid. had neuer in siluer more than two drinking cups 481. b Cauaticae what snailes 380. k Caucalis what hearbe 130. i Caucon what hearbe 247. c Caulias a kinde of Laser 9. a Caulodes a kinde of Colewort 48. k Causticke medicines or potentiall cauteries 50 i. 56 k. 61. a 65 a. 74 i. 109. f. 134 h. 162 h. 168 i. 172 h. 191 e 207 b. 223 c. 239. d. 252. i. 267 c. 280 l. 281. c. 286 m 362 h. 377 d. 385 e. 418 l. 443 c. 450 i. 485 b. 521. b 595 c. Cauterie actuall of yron what operation it hath 516. g Cauterizing of a bodie performed by the meanes of a chrystall glasse 605. b Cauteries potentiall See Causticke C E Cedrelate what kinde of Cedar 179. c Cedria what rosin ibid. the strange properties that it hath ib. the discommodities of it ib. the danger in vsing it ib. d Cedrides what 179 e. the vertues ibid. Cedrostes what plant 149. c Celendine the great an hearbe 224 m. why called Chelidonia ibid. two kindes and their description 225. a Celendine the great soueraigne for the eics 234. g Celendine the lesse 225. a. the iuice of Celendine when to be drawne ibid. the vertues thereof ibid. b Celeres at Rome who they were 461. a Celeres horse-runners in Greece 490. l Celsus a writer in Physicke 40. i Celtibericae what they were 462 g Celticae what they were ibid. Cement made very strong of earthen potshards broken 554 i a Cement to seder broken glasses 353. e Cemos a magicall and amatorius hearbe 278. k Cenchris a venomous worme 75. d the remedies against it ibid. Cenchrites a pretious stone 630. k Cenchron a kinde of diamond 610. h Cendeuia a riuer in Phoenice famous for the matter of glasse 597. b. c Centaurie the greater an hearbe 220. l. why so called ibid. named also Chironeum and wherefore ibid. a wonderfull incarnatiue and healer 221. a Chinon the Centaure healed by it 220. l. the description ib. where the best groweth 220 m. Iuice drawne out of it in manner of Lycium 221. a Centaurie the lesse an hearbe ibid. a. the sundry names it hath ib. why called Lepton ibid. why Libadion ibid. the description ibid b why called the gall of the earth ibid. b when to be gathered ibid. why the Gauls call it Exacos ibid. the vertue ibid. 266. l Centauris an hearbe of the kinde of Centaurie 221. b why called Triorchis ibid. c Centauris another hearbe 258. k Centipeda what worme 381. a Centipellio what it is 321. c Centuncapitae the white Eryngium or Sea-huluer 119. b wonders reported by it ibid. b. c Centunculus an herbe 199. d. the description vertues ib. Cepaea an hearbe See Brookelime Cephisis a lake 606 l. called otherwise Electris ibid. Cephissodorus a cunning imageur and his workes 501. d 567 b. sonne of Praxiteles ibid. Cepionides pretious stones 626. h Cepites a pretious stone 625. d Cepocapites a pretious stone ibid. Cerachates a pretious stone 623. e Ceramicum a famous streete in Athens 552. k. whereupon it tooke that name ibid. Ceramites a pretious stone 625. d Cerastes a venomous serpent 62. k. the remedies against it 62 k. 158 g. 183 b. 418 l. 431 b. 434 g. Ceratia what hearbe 250. h Ceratitis a kinde of wilde Poppie 68. m. why so called 69. a Ceraunia a white pretious stone 622. m. the description of it ibid. the diuerse kindes 623 a. their properties ibid. which of them be called Betuli ibid. Ceraunia another pretious stone which Magicians onely can find 623. b Ceraunium a kinde of Mushrome or Toadstole 7. f Ceraunobolos a picture of Apelles his making 541. b Ceremonies and circumstances obserued in gathering and vsing sundry medicines 106 h. 112 g. 122 k. 125. a 126 l. 142 m. 164 h. 165 c. 168 h. 169 a b. 170 i. k 178 i. 188 i. 198 l. 205 b c d e. 206 m. 217 d e f 228 h i. 234 l. 238 k. 245 d. 252 g. 256 i k. 260 i 283 c. 286 g. 330 k. 368 m. 381 d. 390 k. l. m. 391. a 392 i. 515 e. f. Cerinthe an hearbe and floure 93 c. the description ibid. Cerites a pretious stone 625. d Ceron a spring 403 c. the water of it maketh sheepe blacke ibid. Cerrus a kinde of great oke 178. k Cerusse a very poyson being taken inwardly 526. l the remedies against it 136 i. 160 k. 168 l. 318 h Cerusse how it is made 520 k Cerusse burnt a painters colour 528. k the occasion how it was first burnt 529. e Cerusse-purple what price it beareth 529. e. how it is made at Rome ibid. Cerusse how it is vsed for a blaunch or white complexion 520. l. Cestron See Betonie C H Chaereas an imageur 502 e. his workes ibid. Chaereas a writer of simples 79. a Chains of gold bestowed by Romans vpō auxiliaries 461. b of siluer vpon naturall citizens ibid. c Calamine See Cadmia Chalastraeum or Chalastricum the best kind of nitre 420. i the vse thereof 421. e Chalazias a pretious stone 630. k Chaelazius what stone 592. g Chalcanthum See Vitrioll Chalcetum what hearbe 248. g Chalcidicae venomous worms 431. b. called also Sepes ibid. the remedies against their venome 431. b. 434 g Chalcites a pretious stone 631. a Chalcitis what it is 486 m. how it differeth from Cadmia 509 d. where it is engendred ibid. 509. e. the description ibid. the medicinable properties 509. e. f Chalcitis a kinde of alume 558 k. why so called ibid. Chalco-smaragdos what kinde of Emeraud 613. a Chalcophonos a pretious stone 625. e Chalcosthenes a famous potter or imageur in cley at Athēs 552 k. Chalcus what it is in weight 113. c Chalke of Rhodes causeth wine to be sooner refined 176. i Chalke of many
Colosse of Hercules at Tarentum wonderfully made ib. b Colosse of the Sunne at Rhodes seuentie cubits high all of brasse ibid. c Colosses made by Italian workemen as well as by strangers ib. e Colosse of Apollo at Rome an excellent peece of workemanship ibid. Coluber a water snake 435 b. the efficacie thereof in hunting crocodiles ib. he is called in Greeke Enhydris 440. k his teeth are good to skarifie the gumbs for toochach ib. Comagenum a sweet composition 354 k. why so called ib. how it is made ib. l m. the vertues ibid. Comagene an hearbe and a countrey 354. l Combretum the hearbe and floure 85 f. the vertues 104. i Comfrey the hearbe 249 b. See Cumfrey Compitalia festiuall holidaies instituted by K. Serv. Tullius vpon what occasion 599 d a Complexion for a red See Fuk. against compositions and mixtures in Physicke Plinie inveigheth 137. c. 348. i. k Conception of men children how to be procured 79. a. See more in Boies Conception by what meanes it may be helped 36. i. 40. l 43. c. 62. k. 130. k. 178. i. 279. b. 339. e. 340. l. 341. a 396. g. 399 a. what hindreth Conception 58. k. 179. d. 360. h Conchylium a shelfish the bloud whereof is medicinable 439. e. Concilium what hearbe 130. h Condrylla an hearbe 99. d Conduits and their pipes 411. d. the manner of carrying water by them from the head of the spring 411. d the Conduits begun by Caligula the Emperour and finished by Claudius his successor were wonderfull 585. f the charges of making those conduits with their manifold vses 586. g Colewort See Coules Come an hearbe See Tragopogon Condurdum an herb 245. e. the description and vertues ib. Conserua what it is 280. h. a wonderfull cure done by it ib. Coniurations whether they be of power to raise thunder and lightening 295. c Coniurations of sundry sorts 313. e. how they may be preuented and withstood ib. Consiligo i. Bearefoot an hearbe 224. i Consumption of the lungs 422 m. See Phthysicke Consumption of the whole bodie by lungs hecticke feuer or otherwise how to be recouered 134 l. 259. c. 310. m Conyza an hearbe 90. m. two kindes male and female and their description 91. a. 267. e Coponius a cutter in stone 570. i. his workemanship ib. Q Coponius condemned for sending an earthen amphore to one for his voice at the election of magistrates 553. f Copper how to be calcined and washed 507. a. b Coracini fishes medicinable 435 f. 438. i Corallis a pretious stone 625. d Corall highly esteemed among the Indians 429. d. where the best is to be found ib. how it is gotten forth of the sea ib. whereupon it is named Curalium ib. in great account among the priests and wisards of India 429. f it resisteth the power of fire 430. g. how the Frenchmen vse it ibid. how it is become scarse ibid. the medicinable vertues of corall 430. g Corallo-Achates 623. e. called the sacred agath in Candie ibid. the vertues ibid. Corallo-achates a pretious stone 625. d Corchoros See Pimpernell Corchorum an hearbe much vsed by the Aegiptians 113. b Cordiall medicines 41. b. 119. c. 130. i. 247. c. See Counterpoisons Cordyla the Tunie fish when so called 451. d Coriacesia an herbe and the admirable nature of it 202. k Coriander an herbe 70. k. the vertues thereof the best commeth out of Aegipt ibid. Coriander rectified and corrected by wine 153. b the strange effects that Coriander worketh as touching womens tearmes 71. a Corinthas See Menais Corinthian works 496. k. so much esteemed that many carie them wheresoeuer they went ibid. Corinthian gallerie at Rome 489. b. why so called ibid. Corion what hearbe 255. a Coris what hearbe ibid. b Corke tree what vertues medicinable it hath 178. l Corns of the feet or elsewhere how to be cured 38. g. 65. d 76. m. 103. a. 105. d. 134. g h. i k. 139. b. 141. a. 143. a 180. k. 186 l. 258. m. 302. l. 320. g. 334. l. 386. l Cornaline a pretious stone See Sarda and Sardoin Corne what vertues in Physicke 〈◊〉 doth affourd 137. f Corollae and Corollaria what they were 80. m Coronarium what kind of brasse 479. a Coronae and Coronets 80. i. the originall of these tearms ib. Coronets of gold bestowed vpon Romane Citizens for good seruice in the wars 461. c. by whom giuen first ibid. Coronopus what hearbe 98 m. 124. i. k Corpulencie how it may be procured 152. m Corroboratiue medicins 152. g. 178. k. See more in Cordials and Caunterpoisons Corrofiue medicins 159. f. 160. g. 168. i. 191. f 286. f. 338. i 441. d. 447. e. 516. k. 521. a. See Causcicke Corynda the wild Sperage what other names it hath 28. i 53. c. the vertues ib. hurtfull to the bladder 53. d Corrugi what they be 468 i Corsici pretious stones 631. c. their properties ibid. Corsoeides a pretious stone 625. d Corycia certaine caues 405. d Corymbi in Ferula what they be 32. g Corymbias what it is ibid. Corythia shee fishes See Collycia Cossi what wormes 339. f Cossinus killed with a potion of Cantharides 261. f Coticula See Touchstone Cotonea what hearb 248. h. the description and vertues ib. Cotton and the shrub that beareth it 3. e. f Cotton found in certaine fruits as Apples and gourds 4. g Cotton-weed See Cudword Cotyledon an hearbe See Vmbilicus Veneris Coughwort what hearbe 246. i Cough busie in the night how to be staied 329. b for the Cough remedies appropriat 37 b e. 39 b. 41 d. 41 e. 42 l. 43 c. 44 i l. 52 g. 56 h. 57 d. 60 l 61 a. 63 c. 64 i. 66 g. 67 d. 72 h m. 75 a b. 101 c. 104 h 105 a c. 107 d. 108 k. 110 g. 122. g. 123 c. 128 i 134 k. l. 136 i. 138 m. 141 c. 144 h. 145. a 148 k 151 d. 153 c f. 154 g. 156 g. 158 h. 159 a. 167 d 171 f. 172 g k. 173 b. 179. f. 180 g l. 182 g i. m 183 d e. 184 h. 186 i. 191 c. f. 192 l. 193 c. 194 h 195 d. 197 d. 198 i. 199 b. 200 k l m. 208 g. 219 e 245 f. 246 g h i k. 247 d. e. 249 e. 263 d. 275 c 284 h. 287 f. 290 i. 303 e. 304 g. 305 b. 315 a. 319. d 329 a. 336 k. 352 g. 353 a. 380 l m. 381 c. 382 i 419 e. 422 k. 442 i. 521 a. 557 d. Coules or Coleworts of three kindes 26 g. 49 c. when to be sowne set and cut ibid. how they will cabbage and grow faire in the head ibid. how they will proue sweet in tast ibid. how to be dunged ibid. Couleworts of sundrie countries ibid. k the crops or Couleworts called their Cymae how to be cut ibid. m. the commendable of properties Couleworts 48 i k Couleworts contrary to wine 49 c. how they bind and loosen the bellie ibid. their discommodities 50 k Couleworts and Vines
the Eies in generall comfortable medicines 36 g. 42 g. 45 d e. 46 l. 48. l. 49 d 403 b. 416 h. 419 a. 424 i. 432 k. 511 c. 559 a. 589 b 590 i. 623. f. Eie-browes how to be embelished and beautified 163. a 560 g. Eie-lids roughnesse itch and scurfe how to be amended 146 m. 147 b. 166 l. 272 h. 350. k. 368 k. their asperitie and excrescence of flesh how to be cured 421 f. 424. k. 438. k. 443. c. 516. h. their hardnesse how to be mollified 140. l. 351. a Eie-lids excoriat how to be skinned 158. k. 272. b the vntoward haires of the Eie-lids growing into the eyes how to be rectified 131. f. 183. a. 184. h. 324. l. 325. c 351. c. 366. g. h. from the Eie-lids what cause the haire to fall 417. d See more in Haires how it is made to grow 366. g for all the imperfections generally of the Eie-lids appropriat remedies 36. g 63. c. 74. k. 106. l. 306. g. 324. m 438. l. 509. a. fistulaes about the angles of the Eies how to be cured 529 a in Eies of Horse or Beast how the Haw is to be healed 69. a. 198. l. 233. f. 234. k. 366. l. 420 g. Eie-salues 286. k. 324. l. See more in Collyries Eidyls Eclogues of poets why stored with charms 296. k E L Elaphoboscon 225. c Elaphoboscon an hearbe 129. e. the description ibid. preserued for meat ibid. the medicinable vertues it hath ib f Elate what Date tree 163. b Elaterium what it is 35. f. how it is gathered ibid. how reduced into trosches 36. g. how long it will last ibid. the proofe of it ibid. the effects thereof ibid. how to be chosen ibid. the full dose of Elaterium one Obolus ibid. l. it is a purgatiue ibid. k. it cleanseth the matrice 37. a. it hasteneth an abortiue fruit ibid. Elatine an hearbe 281 a. the description ibid. Elatites a kinde of bloud-stone crude 590 h. being calcined it becommeth Miltites ibid. Elatus a riuer in Arcadia medicinable 403. a Elder tree 185. f. the vertues in Physicke ibid. ground-Elder Sea Walwort Electrides Islands why so called 605. e trees according to some 366. h Elector the name of the Sunne in Greeke 605. c Electrum base whitish gold naturall 469. e. the temper thereof with siluer ibid. of credit in old time ibid. Electrum artificiall 469. e a cup of Electrum dedicated by ladie Helena to Minerua at Lindos 469. f the singular properties of Electrum ibid. it discouereth poyson 470. g Electrum the same that Amber See Amber Elecampane an hearbe 41. e. the medicinable vertues that it hath ibid. why called Helenium 91 b. See more in Helenium Elelisphacos what hearbe 142. h. k Elephants bodie affourdeth good medicines 310. l. their bloud medicinable ibid. Elephants tooth medicinable ibid. the trunke of an Elephant vsed in Physicke ibid. Elephantiasis a foule disease See Leprie Elephantis a woman Physitian writer in Physick 309. e Elichrysos a floure and colour artificiall 89. b Ellebore the hearbe 217 b. two principall kindes ibid. their description ibid. b. c. d blacke Ellebore a very poyson to cattaile 217 c. the best groweth vpon mount Helicon ibid. blacke Ellebore why called Melampodion 217 d. whereto it is vsed ibid. with what ceremonious deuotion it is to be gathered ibid. d. e. it is called likewise Eutomon and Polyrrhizon ibid. it purgeth downeward ibid. other vertues thereof 218 i the dose ibid. white Ellebore 217. d. where the best groweth ibid. with what regard and circumstances it is gathered 217 e. it purgeth vpward ibid. how to be chosen 218 l. the dose 219. a circumstances to be obserued in the taking of Ellebore ibid. c Ellebores at first were dangerous purgatiues â—…bid taken by students to purifie their eies 217. f. corrected by the mixture of Sesamoides 218. g Ellebore the white what properly doth correct 431. c Ellebore called in Latine Veratrum and why 218. g. for vse in Physicke how it is to be chosen ibid. g. h the medicinable vertues of the Ellebores ibid how they are prepared ibid. vnto whom the giuing of Ellebore is prohibited 219. e the strange operation of the white Ellebore root 230. l great care to be had in taking white Ellebore 218 l m the time of ministring it 219 b c the manner of the working of Ellebore ibid. d Elleborine an hearbe See Epipactis Elme what vertues it yeeldeth in Physicke 185. c Elops a venomous serpent and the remedy 434. g Elutia See Leadore E M Embassadours why they carried a rod or mace with serpents pourtraied about it 354. i. k Emerand the most pretious things in the world after the diamant and pâ—…arles 611. b the green colour of the Emer and most pleasing to the eye ib. why Emerauds are not â—…ut and engrauen ibid. c of Emerauds twelue bindes ibid. d Scythian Emerauds ibid. Bactrian Emerauds where they be found and how 611. e Aegiptian Emerauds ibid. where they be found ibid the rest are gotten out of brasen mines ibid. the best therefore in Cypros ibid. fishes how they were scared with Emerauds standing as eyes in the head of a marble Lion 612. g the defects and blemishes in Emerauds ibid. g. h. in their colour ibid. in their bodie and substance ibid. Aethyopian Emerauds ibid. i Persian Emerauds ibid. Hermionian Emerauds ibid. the Atticke Emeraud ibid. k the Median Emeraud ibid. Carchedonian Emerauds ib. l Laconicke Emerauds 613 g Emerauds of great bignesse ibid. a. b Empetron otherwise called Calcifraga what hearbe 281. a the description and vertues ibid. b Emplecton what worke in Masonrie 593. f Emydes what Tortoises they be 431. d E N Enamelling See Encaustice Encardia a pretious stone named also Cardisce 626. k Encaustice the feat of painting with fire or enamelling 546. h. i. who deuised it ibid. who excelled therein ibid. Enchantments See Charmes and Words condemned altogether by Plinie 213. c Enchusa what hearbe 124. m Endiue the diuerse kinds and their medicinable properties 47. d. Engrauers in siluer who were famous 503. d Enhydris what serpent 376. g. the properties of it ibid. Enhydros a pretious stone 630. l Enneacrunos a famous fountaine at Athens 410. g Enneaphyllon an hearbe with nine leaues iust 281. c. the nature and vertues ibid. Enorchis a pretious stone 626. k. why so called ibid. Entrailes diseased what medicines are proper therefore 158. g. inflamed how to be cured 165. d E P Ephemerides an ancient inuention 210. i Ephemeron what hearbe 261. e Ephemeron Colchicum a poysonous herbe with the remedy thereof 323. c. d Epichermus a Greeke writer in Physicke 50. h Epicurus his picture much esteemed 522. l. his mouthminds ibid. Epigenes a writer 406. k Epigonus an excellent Imageur 504 g. renowned for representing an infant by the mother lying slaine ibid. Epimelas in pretious stones what it signifieth 626. l Epimenidion an hearbe described 281. c. hurtfull to women ibid. Epimenidium a kinde of squilla or sea-Onion 18. m
Epinyctides accidents to the eyes how to be helped 438. l. m Epinyctides how Plinie taketh it 42. l. what is meant thereby mother writers ibid. Epithymum what hearbe 250. l. the true description ibid. m. E Q Equisetum an hearbe 263. b E R Eranthemon what hearb 125. d why so called ibid. Erasistratus a Physician 68. g. he condemned Opium ibid. he altered the course of the former Physicke 344. h. how much mony he receiued for one cure ibid. Eretria a white earth seruing for painters colour 518. k why so called 329. f. the vse in Physicke ibid. two kindes thereof 559. e. how the good is knowne ibid. Erigonus a painter 550. k. how he came by knowledge ibid. Erineos the name of the wild figtree in Greeke 169. b. the name also of an hearbe ib. the description of the hearbe ibid. c. the vertues ib. Eriphia a strange hearbe 204. l. the description ibid. how it tooke that name ibid. the vse thereof in Physicke ib. Eristalis a pretious stone 626. k Erith an hearbe 274. i. the sundry names it hath ibid. why called Philanthropos ib. the vertues medicinable ib. Erithales one of the names of the lesse Housleeke 237. c Erotylos a pretious stone 626. k. called likewise Amphicome and Hieromnemon ibid. what Earth is like by the leere to haue water within 409. b what not ibid. c. d in what place Earth turneth in time to be a stone 554. l. m the bountie of the Earth inenarrable 553. b Erthen workes and vessels both in diuine and ciuile vses also infinit 553. b. c. of great price ibid. d. e Erth pure will not flame 472. b Erth medicinable how to washed and prepared 559. e Erthquakes as they discouer springs so they swallow them vp 411. a Erth-wormes medicinable and therefore preserued 361. d Eruile the Pulse what vertues in Physicke it hath 143. b the discommodities thereof ibid. d Erynge a soueraigne hearbe against all poysons and serpents 118. m. the description 119. a. b Erysisceptron what plant 195. b. the sundry names of 〈◊〉 ib. the medicinable vertxes wherewith it is endued ibid. c Erythini fishes hauing a propertie to stay the Laske 443. e E S Esopus what hearbe 45. b Esubopes a kinde of the Colchians rich and sumptuous both in siluer and gold 464. i E T E the what they be 541. d E V Euax a K. of Arabia who wrote of hearbes 210. g Euclia what hearbe 231. f. the effects thereof according to the Magicians ibid. Eucnemos Amazon an image 503. a. why so called ib. why esteemed so much by Nero the Emperour ibid. Eudemus a Physician 347. e. ouer familiar with Liuia the princesse wife to Drusus Caesar ibid. Eudoxus a painter and Imageur in brasse 549. e Euenor a writer in Physicke 112. l Euenor a Painter 534. g. father and master to noble Parasius the Painter ibid. Eugalacton an hearbe See Glaux Eulaeus a riuer out of which the kings of Persia vse to drinke 406. l Eumarus a famous Painter 533. a. he first distinguished male from female ibid. Eumeces a pretious stone 626. k Eumetres a pretious stone 626 l. called also Belus gem ibid. Eunicus an excellent grauer 483. e Eunuchion a kinde of Lectuce 24. k. why so called ibid. Eupatoria the hearbe otherwise called Agrimonie 220. k the reason of the name ibid. the description and vertues ibid. k. l Eupetalos a pretious stone 626. l Euphorbia an hearbe 222. k. why so called ibid. commended by king Iuba in one entire booke ibid. l. the description ibid. where it groweth naturally 269. d Euphorbium the iuice of the hearbe Euphorbia 222. l. the manner of gathering it ibid. how it is sophisticated 223. a. Euphorbus a Physician brother to Antonius Musa the Physician 222. k Euphranor an excellent Imageur 502. g. his workes ibid. he was besides a cunning Painter 547. c. he excelled in Symetries whereof he wrote bookes ibid. his imperfection ibid. his workes ibid. Euphrosynon an hearbe See Buglossos Eupompus a cunning Painter 537. a. his workes ibid. of great authoritie ibid. Eureos a pretious stone 626. l Euripice a kinde of rish 101. e. the properties which it hath ibid. Eurotas the riuer represented in brasse 502. h. the praise of the workeman thereof ibid. Eurotias a pretious stone 626. l Eusebes a pretious stone ibid. Euthycrates sonne to Lysippus a singular Imageur 499. f wherein he excelled ibid. his workes ibid. Eutomon what hearbe 217. e Eutychides an imageur famous for the riuer Eurotus of his pourtraying 502. h Eutichides a painter 549. f E X Exacos an hearbe See Centaurie the lesse Exagon one of the Ophiagenes 299. a. not hurt by serpents but licked by them ibid. Exchange and bartering ware for ware the old manner of merchandise 454. l Excrements of mans bodie medicinable 302. m Excrements of mans bellie a counterpoyson 270. k Excrements of a sheepe baliered about their tailes 351. b the medicinable properties thereof ibid. Excrescence of proud and ranke flesh how to be taken away and repressed 146. l. 158. k. 165. a. d. 167. a. 177. f. 264 k 265. a. 273. e. 338. i. 447. e. 474. i. Execrations bannings and cursings in a forme of words thought to be of force 296. i Exedum what hearbe 206. g. the effects that it hath ibid. Exercise of the bodie maketh much for health 303. d Extrebenus a pretious stone 626. k Exorcismes beleeued to be auaileable 294. l Exorcismes and praiers interrupted by vnluckie birds Dicae 295. a Exorcisme of the Decij ibid. Expensa what the word signifieth 462. g Experience the first ground and foundation of Physicke 242 m. Exsiccatiue medicines 178 h k. 249 d f. 264 m. 286 k 320 m. 418 k. l. 421. e. 423 e. 471 e. 475 a. 506 m 511. f. 516 h. 529 b d. f. 558 l. 559 d. 588 m. 591. c See more in Desiccatiue Extractiue medicines 595. c. See more in Drawing Exulceration by extreame cold or burning how cured 432. g. Exulceration of the bellie how to be helped 168 h. 318. g See Dysenterie Exulceratiue medicines and raising blisters 149 d. See Causticke F A FAbianus a writer in Physicke 303. e Fabius Cunctator honoured with a grasse Coronet and why 116. m. saluted by the name of Father by the regiment of Minutius 117. a Fabricius a patron of frugalitie 483. c Faco rough and blistered with Sunne-burning how to be cured 366. k Face broken out by what meanes healed 422. k. how to be cleansed from freckles and pimples 440. m. how to looke full faire and plumbe 440. m. 441. a. b. how to be rid from spots and Lentils ibid. b Faint cold sweats how to be remedied 48. h. 49. f. 52. k 58. g. 313. d. See more in sweats Diaphoreticall Faintings about the heart how to be helped 134. l. 155. d See Swouning Falernum a kinde of Amber 608. i. why so called ibid. Falling sickenesse detected by the fume of Brimstone 556. k by a perfume of Bitumen 557. e. by the fume of Ieat 589.
g. against suddaine frights and feares what remedie 315. d. sea-Frogs fishes medicinable 434. i. 440. h. i. k riuer-Frogs medicinable ibid. a Frogs tongue will cause a woman to answere directly to questions in her sleepe and to tell all 434. i of Frogs Magicians report wonders ibid. k Frogs a good bait for Purple fishes ibid. Liuer of a Frog 434. l. medicinable 439. a. b. c Frugalitie exiled out of Rome 483. c Fruits which be hurtfull 163. d in Fruit gathering what ceremonious words vsed 297. b Frumentie made of Spelt what medicinable vertues it hath 139. c Frumentie made of the common wheate Triticum 140. l the vse thereof in Physicke ibid. F V Fucus Marinus See Sea-weed a Fuke for a red 327. c Fugitiue slaues arrested by charmes and staied from running away 295. c Fugitiue stone in Cizycum why so called 581. b Fullers thorne what operation it hath 195. b Fullers hearbe See Radicula Fullers why neuer goutie in their feet 306. h how they may wash and scoure their cloth 311. c. 560. k Fullers earth Camolia what vse it hath in Physicke ibid. i vsed to scoure clothes ibid. See Cimolia the act Metella prouiding for Fullers 560. k Fullo a kinde of Beetle flie 390. l L. Fulvius Argentarius committed for wearing a chaplet of Roses 81. d Fumiterrie the second kinde of Capnos an hearbe 236. l the vertues thereof 247. c a Funerall cloth will neuer after be moth-eaten 299. c for the Fundament seat or tuill and the infirmities thereof in generall appropriat remedies 60. g. 72. k. 102. k. 106. â— 107. a. 121. d. 144. i. 146. k. 155. f. 165. b. 167. d. 174. k â—â—â— d. â—52 k. â—84 l. accidents of the Fundament proceeding of cold and moisture how to be cured 184. h. 196. g chaps and Fissures in the Fundament how to be closed and healed vp 183. d. 195. c. 196. h 280. l. 333. d. 351. a. e 384. l. 444 i. k. 519. d. Excrescences and werts there growing 126. l. 133. c 134. g. i. 384. l. 507. f. 519. d. Fundament or seat galled 255. f. 384 l. 444. i Fundament fallen hanging forth or peruerted how to be reduced and setled 103. e. 106. m. 156. g. 164 g. 193. b 195. a. 256. g. 384. l. 398. g. 444. k. blind haemorrhoids in the Fundament or bigs incident therto how to be eased 384. m. 444. i. 516. i. 519. d. 521. b See more in Piles haemorrhoids running extreamely how to be staied 385. a See more in Haemorrhoids Fundament enflamed and appostumat how to be cured 131. d. 141. e. 146. k. 161 a. 333. e. exulcerat how to be healed 159. d. 175. a. 192. h. 196. k 197. a. 320. i. Fungi what kinde of Mushromes 132. m. their generation and sundry kindes ibid. Furnian Plate 480. k Fusses and Fusse bals See Mushromes F Y Fylth scraped from wrestlers bodies consisting of sweat and oyle together in what causes medicinable 303. a Fylth scraped from the wals of wrestlers places thought to be medicinable ibid. c Fyre medicinable 596. b the wonderfull power of Fyre 598. m. the operations thereof 599. a hard to say Whether Fyre consume or engender more 599. b. G A GAds of steele quenched what effects they doe worke 250. i. Gaeodes a stone why so called 589. b. the nature thereof ib. Gagates the Ieat stone 589. b. why so called ibid. the description and generation thereof 589. c. the nature ibid. Gall of a Boeufe good for the eares 325. d Gall of greater beasts what operation it hath in Physicke 321. a. Gall of smaller beasts what vertue it hath ibid. Gall of Buls for what good 321. a Gall of beasts how to be ordered prepared put vp and kept ibid. Gall of an horse reiected as a poison 321. b Galls betweene the legs how to be skinned 146. k. 181. c 185. b. 187. f. 189. c. 334. g. 474. i. how to be auoided 256. g. if they be exulcerat 474. i Galled skin or fretted off in any place how to be healed 43. f 60. g. 101. b. 161. d. 178. g. 184. i. 185. b. 192. i. 197. d 265. f. 287. d. 303. c. 319. d. 350. i. Gall-nuts of diuerse kindes 177. e. their vertues in Physicke ibid Galbanum how to be chosen 179. f. the vertues it hath ibid. not good in the strangurie 180. â— Galactitis a pretious stone 626. m. why so called ibid. some name it Leucographos Leucas and Synnephites ibid. it causeth obliuion 627. a. it breedeth store of milke in nources 626. m Galactites a kinde of Emeraud 627. a Galaena Lead-ore 472. k. 517. c it serueth to trie siluer 472. k Galaicos a pretious stone 627. a Galangall what hearbe 236. m. the description ibid. the root what vertues it hath in Physicke 237. b Galatian earth medicinable 561. d Galaxius a pretious stone 626. m Galedragon an hearbe 283. c. the description ibid. the vertues ibid. Galeobdolon 282. g. the description ibid. Galeon an hearbe ibid the description ibid. Galeopsus an hearbe ibid the description ibid. Galeos the Lamprey enemie to the Puffen 430. h Galeotis what it is 361. b Galerita a bird good for the cholique 383. c. d. how to be prepared and vsed ibid. Galgulus a bird See Icterus Galleries open See Terraces Galli the priests of the order of Cybele with what shard of earth they gueld themselues 554. i Gallius a riuer in Phrygia of a strange operation 402 m Gandergoose an hearbe See Orchis Gangrens what cureth 75. c. 76. k. 139. a. 141. f. 142. m 144 g. 148. l. 149. d. 167. a. 172. i. 173. d. 188. l. 282. h 512. h. Ganymedes the faire boy most artificially represented in brasse by Leocras how he was rauished and carried away by an Aegle 502. i Gardens of great estimation in old time 10. h Gardens of Alcinus and Adonis ibid. Gardens in a citie who first deuised 10 k Gardens pendant in the aire 580. h. who first deuised 10 h Garden compriseth Haeredium 10. i custodie of Gardens to whom ascribed 10. i. k Gardens commended 10. k. l. 11. a. 12. k Gardens where to be seated or how ordered 13. a. b Gardenage a sure commoditie 12. g. the profit that a garden yeeldeth 12. h a Garden sheweth a good or bad housewife 12. h Gardens gaue syrnames to noble houses in Rome 12. l Gardens to be prouided of water 13. a Garden-hearbes distinguished by their sundry parts and vses 13. c Syrians great Gardiners 41. a Gargarismes 102. k Gargle in swine how to be helped 216. l Garlands See Guirlands Garlicke the properties medicinable that it hath 43. d the discommodities thereof 44. m Garlicke how to be set and ordered afterwards 21. f. 22. g Garlicke heads described 21. d Garlicke the countrimans treacle ibid. Garlicke the Aegiptians do sweare by 20. g Garlicke differeth one sort from another by circumstance of time 21. e Garlicke causeth a strong breath 22. g. h. how that is to be preuented ibid. Garlicke vnset and comming
made of beaten gold 470. h. the medicinable vertues of gold ibid. i. k Gold supposed to hurt hens couving and ewes in lamb ib. h Gold how it may be torrified and cleansed from all the hurtfull qualitie that it hath 470. i Gold and siluer the softer the better 473. a no grauer famous for working or grauing in Gold 483. c Agrippina the empresse in a mantle all of Gold 466. g cloth of Gold ibid. Gold first found and gotten three manner of waies 466. k Gold ore in some places sheweth ebb ibid. l Gold ore digged out of pits 466. m Gold not subiect to rust canker or offence by vinegre and salt 465. f Gold may be spun into thread and so wouen 466. g K. Tarquinius Priscus rode in triumph arrayed in a robe of wrought Gold ibid. Gold in Spaine perfect within the earth and needeth no fining 465. e the commendation of Gold aboue all other mettals ibid. f how Gold is melted ibid. d Gold soileth not the hands nor coloureth with ruling 465. d of al mettals it is driuen out broadest with the hamer ib. Nero the Emperour couered the theatre of Pompeius with gold 464. l. Neroes golden house ibid. Goldfoile Praenestina and Questoria 465. e Philip K. of Macedonie noted for hauing a cup of gold vnder his head when he slept 464. g Agnon Teius thought prodigall for buckling his shooes and pantâ—…stes with gold ibid. great masses of Gold as well in coine as otherwise in old time 464. h Golden-eye the fish Scarus how subtill to escape when he is taken in a weere or net 427. d. e Gonorrhaea a disease what is the remedie 518. l Goose-grasse an hearbe See Cliuers and Erith a Goose thought to be sicke all Summer long 353. a Geese honoured at Rome for what causes ibid. Gorgania a pretious stone 627. b. the reason of the name ibid. Gorgasus an excellent imageur and workman in cley 552. i Gourds their nature 14. m. when their seed is to be set or sowne 15. a Gourds of two sorts 15. b. how they may be fashioned ibid. Gourds of a mightie bignesse 15. c the manifold vses of Gourds 15. c. d Gourd seeds how tâ—… be preparâ—…d 15. e Gourds what kind of meat 15. d c how to be preserued ib. e Gourd wild 37. e. why called Somphos ibid. Gourd wild named Colocynthis ib. how to be chosen ib. the operations thereof ibid. Gourds of the garden and their vertues 38 g. h Gourds condemned by Chrysippus 38. i Gout hath no Latin name 25â—… 〈◊〉 no old disease in Italie ib. Gout not incurable 257. 〈◊〉 wearing away of it selfe without helpe of Physicke ibid. cured also by the meanes of Physicke ibid. Seruius Clodius to be eased of a painefull Gout benummed his legs and feet and mad tâ—…em paraliticke 213. c how a fit of the Gout may be brought to the feet 315. f Gout of the feet how to be eased 334 h i m. 379. c. 385. f 386 g h. 419 d. 445 a b. 447 c 587 e. Gout hot how to be helped 70 h. 71. c. 129 c. 258 g. 278 i 423 f. for Gout in any ioint generally good medicines 36 g. 37 a 38 k. h. l. 40 i. 47 d. 48 h m. 49 f. 50 h. 52 i. 59 b. 61. a 67 a b. 68 h. 78 h. 104 g. 106 l. 108. g. 111 b. 122 g k 123 c. 128 k 134 l. 137 a. 138 g. 140 h i. 141 f 144 〈◊〉 k. 148 l. 150 k. 159 d. 160 m. 166 l. 168 i. 171 a 179 i. 180 k. 185 b. 186 h m. 193 b. 195 d. 201 a 208 g. 218 i. 219 d. 224 k. 257 f. 258 g h i. 273 b c 279 c. 301 b. 306 h. 307 c. 308 g. 309 d. 312 i 313 e. 317 c. 318 g. 319 d. 320 h. 334 i m. 359 c 386 h i. 403 b. 413 a. 414 h. 419 d. 422 l m. 432 l 443 a. 445 c. 557 d. 588 g. Gout or paines in Iades how cured 144. m Gout rosat how to be cured 128. h G R Grace of princes and potentates how to be obtained 354 i 357 a. Grace at the gods hands how to be procured ibid. Granius a writer in Physicke 301. e Grapes black more vehement in operation than other 147 d Grapes how to be saued from pullaine 148. g Grapes white more pleasant than the blacke 147 d Grape eaten new gathered what discommodities they bring 147 e. Grapes codite in wine what effects they haue ibid. Grapes preserued in raine water 148 g. their medicinable vertues ibid. Grape stones what operation they haue 148. h Grasse Aculeatum why so called and the vertues thereof 207 a. three kindes of it ibid. Grasse guirlands at Rome in great estimation 115 〈◊〉 few attained to the honour â—…f wearing them 116. h to whom by whom and wherefore they were giuen ibid. of what grasse they were made ib. i. what generall captaines were honoured with grasse coronets ibid k Grasse growing in the skull of man or woman medicinable 302. g Gratia Dei an hearbe 225. c. why called Elaphoboscoâ—… b. Gratian plate 480. k M. Gratidianus made an act at Rome against base and counterfeit money 479 b. honoured therefore with siluer statues throughout Rome ibid. Grauell in kidnies and bladder what doth expell 53. b 54 i. 126. i. 130. i. 131. c. 159. b. 171. e. 238 m 255. a. b. 273. e. 332. l. m. 351. f. 444. g. h. 〈◊〉 See more in Stone the paine occasioned by such grauell how eased 253. g Grauers in siluer many were famous 483. d. none 〈◊〉 gâ—…ld 483. c. Graue how folke may be made that were vaine 314 h Greace of Swine vsed ceremoniously in old â—…me 319. b. c with Greace the bride striketh the dore-cheekes of her husbands house 31â—… c what Greace of swine is called Axungia ib. the samâ—… 〈◊〉 of great efficacie ib. the reason thereof ibid. the vertues of swines greace ibid. Greace af goose or other foule how to be prepared 36â—… c Graecians a man and woman buried quicke at Rome 295 b against Greek writers who haue set downe medicines made of the parts and members of mans bodie 293. d Greimile an herb 284. l. the wonderfull forme and fâ—…ture of this hearbe and the seed ib. the vertues ibid. m Grenate of Carthage or the Carchedonian Gâ—…ate a pretious stone of the kinde of Rubies 618. g. why it is called Charchedonius ib. where it is found and how ibid. Grenates like as all the sorts of Rubies signe not cleanâ—… vpon wax 6â—…8 h Grindstones 59â—… a Groine-botches or risings in the share called Pani how to be cured 105. e. 175. a. 250. i. 256. h. i. k. 333. a. 334 g one vnsightly cure thereof 256 i for other accidents of the Groine fit remedies 256. h 274. m. 275. a. 277. e. 291. b. 301. b 302. k. Gromphaena a bird 399 d Gromphena what hearbe 247. f what Grounds yeeld good and wholesome waters 409. b. c. d Groundswell what hearbe 238. i. the
in staling how to be eased 339. b pained in the guts or vexed with the bots how helped 399. c. Horses and asses tired how to be recouered and made lustie 153. c. staling drop by drop how to be helped 354. m Horsleeches if they be swallowed downe in drinking are venomous 323. c. the remedies ibid. 356. h. 361. d Horsleeches medicinable 438. g Horsleeches how they draw bloud 447. b. their vse in Physicke ibid. the discommodities that ensue in applying Horsleeches 447. b how they fall off from the place whereto they stuck 447. c the danger in plucking them off ibid. how they may be forced to fall off as they are sucking 356. h. how to be taken off without danger 447. d Messalinus died by setting a Horsleech to his knee 467. c Horsenesse occasioned by a rheume how to be helped 71. c 271. d. 275. e. 289. d. 352. g. 378. h. See more in Voice and Throat Hortensius the Oratour set great store by the image of Sphinx 496. l. how M. Cicero scoffed at him for it ibid. Hortensij what kinde of bulbs and their vertues 52. l Horus K. of the Assyrians deuised a medicine agaist drunkennesse 399. c Hosthanes a writer in Magicke 306. m L. Hostilius Mancinus attained to be Consull by deciphering vnto the people of Rome the picture of Carthage by him assaulted and forced 526. l Hote waters or bathes naturall for what diseases in generall they be good 401. e. f Hote waters naturally be not alwaies medicinable 412. i See more in Bains Howlets by a secret antipathie in nature be most aduerse to Horsleeches 361 d Hounds tongue an hearbe 223. d. why it is called Cynoglossos ibid. two kindes thereof ibid. their description ib. Housleeke what hearbe 237. c. two kindes thereof ibid. d their description ibid. Housleeke chaseth away cankers and other wormes out of a garden 32. l. the sundry names that it hath 237. c. why it is called Stergethron ibid. why called Hypogeson ib. named commonly in Latine Sempervivum 237. d H V Hucklebone diseased how to be holpen 143. f. 149. b. See more in Sciatica Huluer or Hollie tree 194. e. the medicinable operation ib. Hunger whether it be good in diseases 140 l Hunger how it may be put by or satisfied 120. b 223. f Hungrie worme in the stomacke how to be repressed and cured 259. d. See Phagedaena Hurds or Hirds See Tow. Husked barley 139. c. d. whose inuention ibid. the vertues that it hath in Physicke ibid. See more in Ptisana H Y Hyacinth the floure why so called 92. i. where it loueth to grow 110. k Frenchmen dye their cloth with it for default of graine 110. k. other properties and vses that it hath ibid. Hyacinthizontes what Beryls they be 613. c. why so called ibid. Hyaena the wild beast yeeldeth from sundry parts of her bodie many medicines according to the Magicians 311. c the very bodie of the Hyaena rauisheth and allureth the senses of man and woman 311. d Hyaena changeth the sex each other yeare ibid. aduerse to Luzerns or Panthers 311. d how the Hyaena shifteth in hunting 311 e. she doth intoxicat the head of the hunter ibid. the vrine of great efficacie 203. d Hyaenes how they be hunted and taken 311. e Hyaens haire saued as a medicinable thing 311. f the skin of their head counted medicinable ibid. their gall emplied in Physicke ibid. the grauie or dripping of their liuer esteemed medicinable 312. g what parts besides are vsed in Physicke 312. g. h. i. k. l. m 313. a. b. c. Hyaenta a pretious stone 627. e. the reason of the name ibid. where it is found ib. the vertues thereof according to the magicians ibid. Hydrargyrum is quicke-siluer artificiall 473. c whereof and how it is made 477. d a verie poison ibid. e vsed in guilding siluer and otherwise 477. e Hydrocele a kinde of rupture and descent of humours into the bag of cods how to be cured 58. i Hydrolapathum what kinde of Docke 73. b Hydromel what kinde of mead 136. g two kindes thereof ibid. how made 136. g. 413. e the vertues and operations thereof 136. g the discommodities that come thereby 136. k how vsed 413. e. wherefore reiected ibid. Hydrophobie what it is 363. a. the remedies of this fearefull accident 309. f. 362. l. 435. c. d. 437. g. 516. g. See more in mad Dogs biting Hydrus a kinde of water-snake 444. i. in some cases medicinable ibid. See more in Enhydris Hyginus a Greekewriter in Physicke 54. i Hygremplastron what kinde of emplaistre 516. k the composition thereof ibid. in what cases vsed ibid. Hyopthalmus a pretious stone 630. i Hyosâ—…ris an hearbe 283. d. the description and vertues ib. Hypanis a riuer 411. c. sometimes it runneth vnder and otherwhiles aboue Borysthenes ibid. Hypecoon an hearbe 284. h. the description and vertue ib. Hypericon what hearbe 255. a. the names thereof and their description 255. b. a second kinde described ibid. Hypobarus a riuer 606. l. what the name signifieth ibid. Hypochondriall griefs and the remedies therof 39. b. 277. d See more in Flanke Hypocisthis an hearbe 190. k. 249. e. where it groweth ib. two kindes thereof 249. e. how it tooke that name ibid. Hypogeson what hearbe 237. c. See Housleeke Hypoglossa an hearbe 284. g. the description ibid. Hypophlomos what hearbe 235. b Hyssope an hearbe contrary to Radish and corrected thereby 40. g. what Hyssope is best 233. a. the properties that it hath ibid. Hyssope according as it is taken purgeth vpward or downeward ibid. I A IA what Violets they be 85. d Iace a kinde of Corall 429. d Iacinct a pretious stone 621. d how it differeth from the Amethyst ibid. sundry kindes of Iacincts 621. d. e which be the best ib. how goldsmiths set them in gold ib. Iacincts called Chryselectri and why 621. f a Citrin Iacinct or Chrysolith wheighing 12 pound 622. g Iacincts named Leucochrysi ibid. Iacincts which be called Capniae and wherefore ibid. Iacincts how counterfeited and by what meanes detected ibid. Iacincts called Melichrysi and the reason why ibid. Ialysus and his dogs fome a famous picture of Protogenes his doing 542. h K. Demetrius respecting it forbare to burne the citie of Rhodes 542. m Iamnes a great Magician 373. d Ianthina Vestis what kinde of cloth 85. d Ianus his image of brasse at Rome 494. g. the god of times and ages according as his pourtraiture importeth ibid. Iasione what hearbe 99. d. the description 130. 〈◊〉 the vertues 130. i Iasper a gem or pretious stone 619. e. of a greenish colour ib. common to many countries 619. f that of India Cyprus and Persia ibid. the Persian Iasper why it is called Aerizusa ibid. the Iasper of the Caspian hils ibid. Iasper about the riuer Thermodoon is blew as azur ibid. Iasper in Phrygia purple ibid. Iasper in Cappadocia Pontus and Chalcedon ib. 320. g sundry kindes of Iasper different in goodnesse 620. g. h Iasper Terebinthizusa
Rome to represse that excesse 563 b d. grauers cutters and caruers in Marble who were the first 564 h. grauing in Marble as ancient as the reckoning of yeares by Olympiades ibid. l Marble of Paros white 565 b Marble spotted 571. b. of sundry sorts ibid. Marble pillers and columnes in building of temples why at first vsed ibid. men of Chios built therewith the walls of their citie 571. c. the scoffe of M. Cicero vnto them by that occasion ibid. d Marble slit into thin plates whose inuention 571. d who seeled the wals of his house first with Marble at Rome 571. e. who built his house first at Rome vpon Marble pillers ibid. f K. Mausolus first garnished his pallace with marble of Proconnesus 571. d Marble Lucullian whereupon it tooke the name 572. g. it is blacke ibid. where it groweth ibid. Marble stone slit and sawed after what manner ibid. h Marble of sundrie kindes 573. a Marble of Lacedaemon esteemed best ibid. Marble Augustum and Tiberium why so called 573. b how they differ ibid. Marble serpentine ibid. the medicinable vertues thereof ib. Marble of Memphis with the medicinable properties 573 c Marble Coraliticum where it is found and the nature of it 574. i. Marble Alabandicum why so called ibid. it will melt and drinking glasses be made thereof ibid. Marble Thebaicke 574 i. the vertues that it hath ibid. k Marble Syenites why so called 574 k. it is named also Pyrrhopoecilos ibid. it serued for long Obeliske ibid. Marble gray or Sinadian Marble 522. i Marble doth liue and grow in the quarrey 586. i Marchesin or Marquesit stone See Cadmia and Pyrites Marcion of Smyrna a writer of hearbes 300. k Marcipores what they were 459 a C. Marius Censorinus how rich he died 479 e. f Q Marcius Tremellius his statue in a gowne for what desert 491. e Marigolds and their floures compared with Violets 85. e Mariscon a kinde of rishi 106. k C. Marius dranke ordinarily out of a wooden tankard after the example of Bacchus 482. l Markes remaining after the cauterie or searing-yron how to be taken away 377. f Marmaridius a Magician 372. i Marrow of what vertue it is 320. m what Marrow is best ib. how to be ordered and prepared ib. Marsians people resisting all poyson 95. a. b Marsians descended from Circe 210. l. they cure the sting of serpents by touching or sucking onely ibid. Martia a water seruing Rome 408. g. most cold and holesome ibid. from whence it commeth ibid. who conueied it to Rome and maintained it ibid. how it tooke that name 585. d Q. Martius Rex his wonderfull workes performed during his Pretourship 585. d Mascellin mettall of gold siluer and brasse 487. q. c Maspetum what it is 8. l Massaris 146 g. a wilde Vine ibid. 147. c. how employed ibid. Massurius a writer of Histories 320. k Thistle-Masticke what it is 98. i Masticke the gum of the Lentiske tree and the medicinable vertues 182. l. 184. h Matrice pained and vexed with throwes what remedies for it 39 f. 53 b 66 k. 106. i m. 121. f. 186 k. 198 m 207 d. 266 l. 267 b. f. 268 g. 279 a. 283 a. 308 g. 339 c 340. g. Matrice puffed vp swelled and hard how to be assuaged and mollified 72 l. 103 c. 111 c. f. 162 k. 180 l. 183. d 186 g. 339 c. f. 340 g. 352 i. 396 h. 397 a. Matrice enflamed and impostumat how to be cured 55 e 59 d. 71 b. 267 d. 303 a. 350 g. 351 a. Matrice sore and exulcerat how to be healed 140 i. 159. d 161 c. 175 a. 267 d. 340 g m. Matrice ouermoist and slipperie how to be helped 340 l Matrice drawne in and contracted how to be remedied 303. a. Matrice peruerted fallen downe or displaced how to be reduced and settled againe 303 a. 339 b. 340 h. 396. h 557 f. 591 b. See more in Mother Matrice obstructed and vncleane how to be opened clensed and mundified 43. b. c. 55. d. 57. c. 62. k. 77. b. 101. d 168. i. 180. l. 268. g. 340. k. 104. i. 121. f. 133. e. 158. h 175. b. 182. g. 187. d. 192. l. 266. l 267. c. d. 271. d. for the infirmities of the Matrice in generall comfortable medicines 102. h. k. 108. k. 109. b. c. 111. d. 119. d 121. e. 154. g. 173. a. 175. a. 179. f. 181. b. 183. e. 193. b 196. g. 207. c. 267. f. 271. d. 313. c. 318. h. 339. d. 340. i. l 395. c. 448. i. 449. b. 589. b. Maturatiue medicines 76. k. 103. c. 139. a. 183. d. 303. a 556. l. Mattiaci what springs 404. h Maur-hils corruptly called Moul-hils what they be 397. d Mausoleum the renowmed tombe erected by queene Artemisia for king Mausolus her husband 568. i. the description thereof and the workemen ibid. M E Mead or honied water See Hydromell one Meale a day no good diet 304. h Mechopanes a painter full of curious workemanship 548. m Mecoenas Messius held his peace voluntarily for three years space 305. d Mecoenas signed with the print of a Frog 601. f Mecon a kinde of wild Poppie 69. c Meconis a Lectuce why so called 24. i Meconites a pretious stone 628. i Meconium whaet it is 68. i remedie against Meconium 160 k Meconium Aphrodes an hearbe 257 f Mecontum what kinde of medicine to make a woman fruitfull 303. b Medea a pretious stone 628. i. by whom found ibid. Medea queene of Colchis a famous witch 210. k Medion an hearbe with the description 285. e Medius a writer in Physicke 39. e Medlers the fruit and their medicinable vertues 171. b Megabizus what he is 548. i Meges a Chirurgian 439. c Mel-frugum See Panicke Melamphyllon what hearbe 129. c Melampodium what hearbe and of whom it tooke that name 217. b Melamprasium 278. g Melampus a famous Diuinor or Prophet 217. a Melancholie the disease what remedies are appropriat for it 46. i. 50. l. 72. k. 107. e. 140. h. 157. a. 219. d. 283. a 304. l. 316 g. 318. g. 336. h. Melancholie the humour what medicines doe purge 111. f 188. g. 235 f. 412. m. Melandrium what hearbe 248. g Melanthemon what hearbe 125. d Melas a fountaine the water whereof maketh sheepe white 403. c. Melas a cutter in marble of great antiquitie 564. k Melichloros a pretious stone 630. m Melichrus a pretious stone ibid. Mililot an hearbe 90 g. why called Sertula-Campana the description thereof ibid. the vertues medicinable 106. l Melinum a Painters white colour 528. k. why so called 529. d. how it is gotten ibid. the vse in Physicke and the price ibid. Melitaei what dogs 380. h Melites a pretious stone 630. m Melities a kinde of Honied wine 136. m. the properties it hath 137. a Melitites a stone why so called 589. b. the vertues that it hath ibid. Melons their meat and medicinable properties 37. c Melopepones what they be 14. k Melothron what plant 149. c Membranes wounded how
See Steele the greatest number in old time a hundred thousand 470. c Number odde more effectuall than the euen 297. a criticall daies obserued by Physitians are of an odde Number ibid b Numbers ceremoniously obserued by Pythagoras 299. d Numidian red marble or Porphyrite 522. i Nummednesse vpon cold how to be healed 101. b. 105. c 108. l. Nummed members or astonied how to be recouered 300. l Nus a riuer so called of the effect 403. c Nutritiues 136. l. 139. c. 151. c. 162. l. 167. c. 172. l. 256. l 445. c. N Y Nyctalopes who they be 325. b. how such are to be cured of their dim sight 325. b. 368. g. 438. l Nyctigretum what hearbe and the properties therof 91. c. f why it is called Chenomychos 91. f. and why Nyctilops 92. g the Nymphes poole 405. a Nymphaea an hearbe See Nenuphar Nympharena a pretious stone why so called 628. l Nymphodorus a Physician 506. l O B OBaerati who they be 486. k Obelisks in Aegipt what they were and why consecrated to the Sunne 574. k who first erected Obeliskes ibid. Obeliske of K. Ramises spared by K. Cambises when hee burnt all besides 575. b an Obeliske eightie cubits high 575. c. how it was remoued and conueyed from the quarrey ibid. c. d Obeliskes how they were transported from Aegipt to Rome 575. e Obeliske in the grand cirque at Rome how high 576. d Obeliske in Mars field ibid. by what Kings of Aegipt those two Obeliskes were shewed 576. d. Obelisk in Mars field serueth for a Gnomon in a diall ib. h Obeliske erected by Nuncoreus in Aegipt a hundred cubits high 576. k Obeliske at Rome in the Vaticane ibid. Obeliskes of Emerauds 613. a Obliuion caused by some water 403. c Obolus what weight 113. e Obryzum what gold 465. d Obsidiana what kinde of glasses 598. h Obsidianus lapis a stone 598. h. why so called ibid. Obsidian stone how employed 598 i. where it is found ib. k Obsidianus a pretious stone 629. a. where to be found ibid. Obsidionall coronet what it was 116. h Obstructions in generall what doth open 143. c. 443. e O C Ochre 485. b. the vertues medicinable ibid. See more in Ochre Ochus a riuer yeelding salt 414. m Ocnos painted by Socrates what it importeth 549. a C. Octavus being embassadour killed by K. Antiochus 492. g. honoured with a statue at Rome ibid. O D Odinolyon why the fish Echeneis is so called 426. l Odious how an enemie may be made to all the world 314. g 316. g. Odontitis an hearbe 286. i. the description ibid. O E Oenanthe what floure 146. g. why so called 92. i. 110. g the medicinable vertues â—…7 a. where the best is ibid. Oentas a painter famous for his picture Syngenias 550. h Oenophorus an image of Praxiteles his making and why so called 500. l Oenothera what hearbe 259. e Oenotheris a magicall hearbe of strange effects 204. k Oesypum what it is 308. g Oesypum medicinable 350. l. which is best ibid. l. m. how to be ordered ibid. O I Oile grasse greene called Herbaceum 162. k. the vertues thereof ibid. Oile of Henbane 162. i. the effects good and bad that it hath ibid. Oile of Lupines and the vertues thereof ibid. i Oile of Daffodils what vertue it hath ib. k Oile of radish what operation it hath ib. Oile of Sesama what are the effects thereof ibid. Oile of Lillies what other names and medicinable properties that it hath ibid. Oile Selgiticun the vertues of it ibid. Oile called Elaeomeli the medicinable effects thereof 162. l Oile willingly doth incorporat with lime 176. i. See more in Oyle Oinions of sundry sorts 20. g Oinions differ in colour 20. i. in tast ibid. how to be kept 20. l. Oinion plots how to be ordered ib. l. m Oinions their properties 41. f the different opinions of Physicians as touching the nature and vertues of Oinions 42. i Oinions highly commended by Asclepiades and condemned by moderne writers ib. dogs Oinion Ornithogale described 99. c sea-Oinion See Squilla Aegiptians sweare by Oinions 20. g Oisier Willow the operation thereof 187. a Oisier Siler the vertues in Physicke 189. b Oisters and their commendations 437. c. d. their vertues medicinable ibid. Oisters a foot square 437. b Oisters Tridecna why so called ibid. b Oisters medicinable 436. i. a daintie meat ib. Oisters loue fresh waters and therefore the coasts ib. few Oisters found in the deepe sea 436. k a deuise to coole Oisters 437. c Oisters which be best ib. why the best Oisters be named Calliblephara 436. m Oisters desire to change their water ibid. thereby they feed fat 437. a coasts renowmed for their Oisters 437. a the best Oisters of Cizycum and their description ib. a. b O K Oke and Oliue at war one with another 176 g Oke Apples their vertues in Physicke 168. i Oke of Ierusalem an hearbe See Botrys O L Olach is a riuer detecting periurie 404. k Oleander what names it is knowne by 191. f. the strange nature that it hath 192. g. death to cattell counterpoyson to man ib. Oleastrense what it is 518. h Olenus Calenus a great Wisard of Tuscane 295. e. his practise with the Romane Embassadours to diuert the destinies and fortune from Rome ibid. Oliue tree gum 159. a Oliue leaues medicinable 158. k Oliues white their commendable vertues in Physicke 159. a. Oliues blacke their properties 159. b Oliues in pickle their good and harme ibid. Olympias a woman paintresse 551. b Olympias of Thebes an expert and sage midwife partly also a Physician 72. h. 339. b. shee forbiddeth women with child to vse Mallowes 72. h Olympius the surname of Pericles and why 501. c Olyra the vertues medicinable thereof 138. i O M Ombria a pretious stone 628. m. called likewise Notia ib. how it commeth ib. the vertues ibid. Omphacium See Wine Veriuice Omphilocarpos what hearbe 274. i O N Onces of all foure-footed beasts haue the quickest eye-sight 316. l. their body yeeldeth medicines for mans body ib. l. m. they hide their owne vrine vpon enuie to mankinde 317. a Onobrychis the hearbe described 202. h Onochelis or Onochyles 125. b Ononis or Anonis the herbe Rest-harrow 98. l. the description ib. 273. e. the vertues medicinable ib. Onopordon an hearbe 286 k. why so called ibid. Onosma an hearbe 286 k. the description ibid. Onuris an hearbe 259. e. the description ib. the vertues ib. See Oenothera Onyches female shell-fishes 444. h Onychites or Onyx what stone and where found 573. c how it was employed ibid. Onyx a pretious stone 615. e. the description and the sundry kindes ibid. Onyx of India and Arabia 615. e. f the true Onyx 616. g O P Opall a pretious stone 614. g. naturally it is bred in India ib. how it doth participat with other gems 614. h sundry kindes of the Opall ibid. Nonius proscribed for an Opall 614. h the imperfections in the Opall ibid. k. how falsisied ib. the triall
330 h 334. i. 382. g h i. 385. a. 418. k. 419 c e. 431. a. 442. k 444. i. Scincus described 316. i Scincus medicinable ib. 433. c how he differeth from the land Crocodile 316. i one of the ingredients of antidots 316. k Scipio surnamed Serapio and why 81. f honoured with a coronet of floures by the people of Rome ib. he died poore ibid. interred by a generall contribution of the people 82. g Scipio Africanus the second how much plate and coine hee had when he died 480. m what treasure he shewed in triumph and brought into the citie chamber 481. a what Scipio Africanus gaue to his souldiers vpon the winning of Numantia 481. a Scipio Alobrogicus how much plate he had ib. L. Scipio allowed his charges by the citie of Rome for his solemne plaies 480. i Scipio Aemilianus receiued an obsidionall or grasse coronet 117. 〈◊〉 Scolecia what it is and how made 509. b why so called 509. c the vertues thereof ibid. Scolecion what it is 177. c Scolopendres their venomous pricke how to be cured 59 a 60 g. 61 b. 62 g 75 c. 127 b. 155 f. 306 k. 418 l. Scolopendres of the seaburst with fasting spittle 300. k Scolymus the herbe described 98 i. 130 m the vertues which it hath ibid. Scombri fishes how emploied 418. g Scopa Algia what floure 85. e Scopa Regia an herbe and a kind of Achillea good for the gargle and squinancie in swine 216. l Scopas a singular Imageur 566. m. his workes 567 c d e f there were two of that name both cunning workemen 504 k. wherein they excelled ibid. Scordium or Scordotis an herbe found by K. Mithridates 220 i the description by him set downe ib. the vertues medicinable ib. good for the bladder and the stone 254. g Scordotis 245. f Scoria in trying of gold ore and other mettals what it is 467. b. Scorpites a pretious stone 630. i Scorpion an herbe 230. l. why so called ibid. See Tragos Scorpions hurt with Aconitum how they be cured 270 i pricked once by a Scorpion shall neuer after bee stung by Hornet Waspe or Bee 299. c Scorpions neuer sting the ball of the hand 361. c against Scorpions and their sting remedies 36 k. 39 c. 40. m 42 h. 43 a d. 45 e. 46 l. 54 i. 55 e. 56 i m. 59 a b. 60. g 61 b. 62 g k. 63 d. 64 b. 65 b d. 69 d. 71 c. 73 b c 74 g. 75 e. 76 m. 77 c. 101 d. 103. f. 105 c. 106 k 107 b. 109 a. 110 k l. 113 c. 121 c. 126 h. k. 131 d 134 i. 138 l. 146 l. 153 b. 155 f. 166 l. 167 e. 168. m 170 k. 173 c d e. 174 i. 178 k. 179 b. 181 f. 184. k. l 194 i. 195 d. 196 g. 199 b. 206 g. 230 l m. 237. f 246 k. 270 h. 276. g. 277 c. 288 l. 289 b. 301 a e 322 k. l. 361 b. c d. 413 b. 418 g k. 424 g. 451 b. f 433 e. 434 g i. 435 b d e f. 556 m. 561 d. 624 g. sea Scorpion medicinable 438 g. 444. g Scorpionrion what herbe 126. i Scorpius an herbe 122 l. why so called ibid two kinds thereof ibid. m Scratching of the body is healthfull 303. d Scyllus an Imageur and grauer in Marble 568. h Scyricum 476 l. an artificiall painters colour how made and vsed 530 h. 528. k Scyros the Island yeeldeth a stone of a strange nature 587. d Scythica what herbe and why so called 223. e the vertues ib. from whence it commeth 269. d S E Sea waters made hot in what cases medicinable 412. k Sea waeter actually cold medicinable ib. outwardly applied for what good ibid. l Sea water ought to be had from the deepe farre from land 413 a. how to be giuen inwardly ib. how to be tempered for procuring vomit ibid. Sea water clysterized ibid. Sea water artificiall how to be made 413. d Sea a most wonderfull element 425. c. d Sea weed calledin Latine Fucus Marinus 258. h the description ib. three kinds thereof ibid. Seale ae fish his vertues medicinable 437. g Seale of the Romane Embassadour was the image of Augustus Caesar 601. d Secundarium what kind of Minium 476 k. 477. d Sedum an herbe See Housleeke Seeds of herbes how they differ 23 a b c garden Seed some more strange than other 33. a Seeds of herbes lesse effectuall after incision made in the roots 292. g Seed naturall in men what doth encrease 77. f shedding vnwillingly how cured 48. g. 72. i. 130. k Segullum what earth it is 466. l Selago an herbe like Sauin 193 d. with what ceremonious circunstances to be gathered ibid. Selecti at Rome who they were 490. g Selenites an admirable pretious stone 629. d Selinas and Selinoides what kind of Coleworts 48. k Selinus earth for what it is good 559. f Senatours of Rome how knowne from Knighs or Gentlemen 459. c Senerio what herbe 238 k. See Groundswell Sengreene See Housleeke Sences how preserued 74. h. i. how stupified against cutting or sawing off a member 314. l. m Senuie the herbe how it groweth 31 b. the temperature and kinds thereof 31. b. c. how to be dressed 31. c threee kinds thereof 73. f. the qualities that it hath 73. f. 74. g. Senuie juice how it is drawne 74. k Seps a venomous worme or a kind of Lizard 157. b. 263. d it cureth the owne bitt 363. d. it is otherwise called Dipsas 173. a. remedies against the venome thereof 157. b 434. g. Septimuleius for couetousnes of gold killed his deare friend C. Gracchus 463. e Scrapias a kind of Orchis or Stundlewort 256 m. the description 257. a Serapion a painter that loued to paint great pictures of Theatres c. but man or woman he could not draw 544 i. Seriphium Wormewood the vertues that it hath 443. d Serpents how they are known to be retired and gone 132. k Serpents when they haue stung a man neuer retire againe into the earth but die as it were for remorse of conscience 358. k Serpent hardly plucked out of their holes but by the left hand 299. c Serpents gather together by the perfume of the bone about their owne throat 321. d Serpents chased away by the fume of an Harts horn burnt 321. d. what other means there be to chase away Serpents and refist their poyson 38 k. 39 b. 40 h l. 42 g h m. 43 a d e 45 e. 47 a b. 50 g. 51 a e. 52 l. 53 c. 54 l. 56 i l. 57 a 56 a. 60 g l. 61 c. 62. g. 63 b c d e. 64 k. 65 b. 74. g m 77 c. 78 h i. 101 d. 103 a. 104 g. k. 105 c. 106 g 107 b. 108 i l. 110 i k. l. 118 m. 124 i. 125 a d. 126. h 129 d. f. 131 d. f. 134 i. 135 d. 138 k. 139 b e 142 k. l. 143 b. 148 i. 149 a. 153 b. 162 g. 165 b 168
k. 169 e. 172 l. 173 d. 177 c. 178 m. 179 a e 180 h. 181 f. 182 h 184 k. 186. g h k. 187 c. f. 188 m 189 c. 192 k. 195 d. 198 i. 199 b c. 200 g. 201 c d 202 k. 206 l. 212 l. 222 m. 223 d. 226 k. l. 227 a b c e f. 228 k. l. m. 229 c d. 230 h i. 233 a. 235. e 237 b. 239 a. 254 m. 258 i. 274 i l m. 275 e 278 k. 282 g. 283 b. 284 k. 288 l. 289. a. 290. i 300. g k. 301 a. 306 i k. 307 b. 312 m. 316. g 318 h. 321 e. 322 h i k. 353 b. 355 d e. 356. g. h 358 g. 359 a b c. 413 b. 418 l. 422 h. 431 b. f 434 g i. 435 c. 557 d. 561 d. 573 b c. 589 c 590 g. Serpents how to be brought asleepe and mortified 316. h Serpyllum what herbe it is and the sundry kinds 75. d Serrani a familie in Rome wearing no linnen 2. l Serratula an herbe See Betonie Serta and Serviae what they are 80. i Seruants many retained in one house what abuse and inconuenience thereof 459. a M. Servilius Nonianus what a foolish ceremony he obserued to keepe himselfe from bleared eies 298. k Servius Tullius K. of Rome how hee was supposed to bee conceiued and whose sonne 599. d Sesama the medicinable vertues that it hath 140. g. the discommodities proceeding from it ibid. the oyle thereof ib. Sesamoides an herbe and the medicinable vertues thereof 140. g. h Seseli See Siler Sesostris a proud prince K. of Aegipt vanquished by Esubopes 464. i Serstertius a siluer piece of coine at Rome worth what 463. a. b. Setantos a kind of Bulbe 19. b Setwall the vertues thereof 104. l Sextius Niger a writer in Physicke 72. h. 316. k S H Shaddow in pictures 528. h Shaddow-like fish Sciaena medicinable 444. k Shaking of lims how to be helped 141. b. See trembling Sharewort an herbe 256. h. the description ibid. Share and the infirmities thereof how to be auoided 256. h See more in Groine and Pushes Sheepe hurt by tasting Pimpernell how they cure themselues 234. l Sheepe without gall in Pontus and the reason of it 276. i Sheepe rottenor otherwise diseased how to be helped 144. h 221 a. how to recouer their stomackes and make them fall to their meat 351. c Shels of fishes seruing as trumpets to sound withall 451. e in stead of scoupes to lade oyle ibid. Shels of egges and fishes why crushed and broken when the meat is eaten forth of them 296. i Shields and scutcheons of armes in memoriall of ancestors who brought vp first at Rome 524. i Shields why called Clypei ibid. l Shields presented the lively images of those which bare them ib. Shield of Asdruball 524. m Shingles bow to be cured 44. k. 105 a. 122 k. 139 a. 143. c 146 k. 157 e. 158 m. 174 k. 265 d. 278 l. 284 k 287 b. 309 d. 337 a. See more in S. Antonies fire Ships prouided for transporting Obeliskes out of Aegipt to Rome 575. e Shoulder blades pained how to be eased 255 e. 312 h 379. c. Shuds of Flax how emploied 4. k hardi-Shrew biting is venomous and the remedies against it 43 e. 50 i. 55. e. 56 m. 71 e. 167 a. 168 m. 277. c 322 k. 360 m. 361 a. she will not goe ouer a cart-tract 361. a S I Sibylla three Prophetesses their statues at Rome of Brasse 491 d L. Siccius Dentalus a braue warrior 116 k. honoured with sundry chaplets for his good seruice ibid. Sicilie aire killeth scorpions 623. e Scycyone a city famous for workemen in mettall and minerals 564. h Sicyone in name for cunning painters 547. b Sides pain or stitches how to be eased 57 d. 123 a. 246. l 247 b d. 248 h. 275 e. 381 e f. 442 k. See more in Pleurisie Sideritis what herbe 123 b. the vertues thereof respectiue to the eies 233 f. wonderfull in staunching of bloud 263. e. Sideritis a pretious stone 629. d. the vertues thereof ib. Sideropoecilos a pretious stone 629. d. why so called ibid. Signet or signe manuell See Ring Signina what kind of workes 554. k Sil a colour minerall what it is 484. h Sil which is best 484 h. the price ibid. Sil Atticum ib. the price ibid. Sil Scyricum 484 i. the price ibid. bright Sil ib. the vse of all sorts of Sil 484. i Silanion a fine Imageur in brasse 502. l. he liuely expressed Apollodorus the cunning workeman ibid. Silaus an herbe 255. c. the description ibid. Silence at the bourd from one end to the other what it presageth 298. g Siler or Seseli an herbe 41. c. the description thereof ib. the seuerall kinds and properties that it hath ibid. Siligo the fine wheat what medicines it doth affourd 137 f. Silphium 8. h. engendered by shoures of raine 133. e. the medicinable vertues thereof 134 g the root of Silphium hard of digestion and breedeth ventosities ib. it stoppeth the passage of vrine ib. Silurus a fish medicinable 442. h Silybum an herbe 248. g. the vertues ibid. Silybus a base herbe 130. m Simonides a painter 550 h. his workes ib. Simples and compositions compared together 135. b Simples or herbes of lesse effect the more they bee vsed 292. g. Simus a painter 551. h. the pictures of his drawing ibid. Sinadian gray marble 522. i Sinewes shrunke how to be mollified and drawne out 129. b 134. l. 138. g. 173. e. Sinewes stiffe how to be made supple 161. f Sinewes benummed with cold what doth recouer 74. l for sinewes and their infirmities in generall comfortable medecins 48. m. 49. b. 137. a. 187. c. 212. l. See more in Nerues Sinopis or Sinopum a painters colour why so called 528. k of diuers kinds ib. l. which is the best ib. the price ib. the vse in painting ibid. the medicinable vertues 528. l. m. Sinuessa waters medicinable 402. l Sion what herbe 130. k. the description ibid. Siphnian stone emploied in vessels to seeth meat 592. h Siriasis in children what disease 126. i Sirulugus a strange and vnknowne beast 399. d Sisapone a territory in Spain famous for a mine of Vermillion yeelding to Rome a great rent yearely 476. i Sisymbrium an hearbe described and the vertues that it hath 75. f Sisyrinchios a kind of bulbous herbe 19. b. the strange nature that it hath ibid. S K Skab and scurfe in man or beast how to be healed 36. g 42 h. 49 c. 58 h. 64 k. 74. i. 128 k. 129 a. 146 i. 149 c 155 f. 161 a e. 166 l. 168 i k. 169 a. 173 c. 197 d 319 f. 338 l. 353 a. 370 l. 377 d. 413 b. 418 i m. 419. b 420 g l. 446 m. 450 h. 506 k. 516 h. 557 c. Skald heads how to be healed 43 f. 52 i. 59 d. 60 g. 72 g 105 c. 127 c. 133 c. 141 b. 142 l. 147 b. 155 f. 157 e 158
341. e. 421. f. 558. k. 560. i. Swimming in water for what it is good 414. g Swine how they will follow one 399. f how cured of squinsies 268. l Swine how to be cured of all their diseases 206 h. 450 k Sword-fish his names 428. i. his description and nature ib. Swouning or fainting of the heart how to be recouered 55b 180. g. 381. b. S Y Sybaris a riuer 403. c. the water thereof is of wonderfull operation ibid. Syce what it is 42. l Syce See Peplos Sycitis a pretious stone 631. a Sycomore what tree and the vertues in Physicke 169. e Sylla Dictatour the richest Romane that euer was 479. d Sylla Dictatour honoured with a chaplet of greene grasse 117. c. d. he signed with the image of King Iugurtha prisoner 601. e. Syluer when it was first stamped into coine at Rome 462. m. Romanes imposed their tribute to be paid in Syluer and not in gold 464 h Caeser Dictator furnished the solemnity of the cirque games all with Syluer 464. k C. Antonius exhibited his plaies vpon a scaffold of Syluer ibid. C. Caligula set for pageants oll of Syluer 464. k Syluer tried out of gold ore 467. b Syluer found onely by digging pits 472. i. cannot be tried without lead or lead ore 472. k Syluermines found in all places but the best in Spaine ibid dampe in Syluer mines pernicious but to dogs especially 473. a. Syluer of two kinds 478. g. how the best is knowne ibid. Syluer in plate painted by the Aegiptians and why 478. l Syluer images enamelled blacke by what meanes 478. m 479. a. Syluer for shift worne in stead of gold by whom 483. a. b Syluer much vsed by souldiours ibid. b Syluer emploied in base and vncleanely vses 483. b. c Symbolum what it signifieth 455. b Symmetrie obserued by Lysippus the Imageur 499. 〈◊〉 Symmetrie is a tearme that cannot be expressed by a Latin word ibid. Sympathies obserued 175. f Sympathie in naturall things 35. c Symphonia an hearb 247. f. the description and vertues ibid. Symphitum Petraeum an hearb 275. d. why called Symphytum ib. why Petraeum ibid. Synaristeusae 174. h Syngenicus a picture 550. h Synochitis a pretious stone and the vertue of it 631. a Synodontes certaine fishes 629. e Synodontites a pretious stone ibid. Syriation a writer in Physicke 59. d Syrium or Syreion the juice extracted of Lillie floures 103. b. the vertues thereof ibid. c Syron what hearb 247. a Syropicon a kind of Samian earth 559. d. the vse in Physicke and how it is knowne ibid. Syrtitae pretious stones 629. e Syssetieteris a magicall herb and the effects thereof 204 g why so called ibid. why named Protomedia ibid. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 what it signifieth 7. a T A TAbles at Rome twaine all of siluer 481 e Taeda or Torch-wood what vertues medicinable it hath 148. g Taenia a sea-fish 439. d Talc or glasse-stone where it is found 592. i. k. the nature of it and manner of engendring ib. exceeding durable in all weathers 592. l the vse of Talc reduced into slakes and smaller pieces 592. l. Talent simply signifieth the Attick Talent 548. k. what it amounteth to ibid. Talent Aegiptian what it weigheth 464. i Tallow or sewet of the same nature that greace 320. k how to be ordered and prepared ibid. which is the best ibid. Tamaricus a riuer the fountaines whereof foretell future euents 404. l Tamarix or Tamariske a plant 188. k the sundry kinds and names thereof ibid. Tamariske how it is emploied 188. h. the medicinable vses thereof ib. the antipathie between it and the spleene ib. i why called the vnluckietree 188. k Tamnacum what hearb 111. e Tangle a sea-weed 437. e. See Reits Tanos a bastard Emeraud 613 a Taos a pretious stone 630. k Taperwort an hearb See Mullen and Longwort Taphiusius a kind of Aegle stone 590. b. why so called ibid. Taphosiris a citie in Aegipt 277. e Tar what medicinable vertues it hath 183. e. how it is made Palmipissa ibid. Taracia Caia a benefactresse to Rome honoured with a statue 492. h Tarentum the citie had the name for making the best candlesticke sbankes of brasse 488. l K Tarquinius Priscus by what policie he kept his people at worke vnder ground about his vaults and sinks 582. k. l. K. Tarquinius Priscus his rampiers a wonderfull piece of worke 582. h. the foundation of the Capitoll and the vaulted sinkes which he made are admirable 582 h. Tast in the mouth how to be recouered and seasoned 148. g 183. e. Tast iudiciall of bitter and sweet why not in all persons alike 136. 〈◊〉 Tattaeus salt most medicinable in what cases 419. a Tauri flies a kind of Beetles 379 c. why so called ib. they be named also Pedunculi Terrae ibid. Tauriscus of Tralleis a grauer in marble 569. b Tauriscus a cunning grauer in brasse 483. c Tauriscus a painter renowmed for his workes 550. i Tazil what herbe 239. c. the description ibid. 280 k. the vertues ibid. l T E Teats â—…f milch-beasts sore how to be healed 148. g Tecolithi See Spunge stones good to expell and breake the stone in mans body 629. f for all accidents of the Teeth a remedy 443. b eye-Teeth of man or women dead supposed to bee of great vertue 302. g Teeth how they may be made white and so kept 64 l. 129 a 140. i. 160. i. 168. g. 326. i. 352. l. Teeth corrupt hollow worme-eaten and stinking by what meanes cured 159. b. 168. k. 239. b. c. 252. h. 440. k 624. i. Teeth how to be preserued from rottennesse and the worme 168. g. 190. i. 419 b. Teeth rotten and hollow how they may be broken and had out by peecemeale 179. c. 190. i. 239. 〈◊〉 Teeth hollow and rotâ—…en how they will fall out with ease 138. h. 159. d. 179. e. 302. g. 376. i. k. l 440 g. Teeth hollow in paine how to be eased 276 h. 440. k ach of the grinders or great iaw Teeth how to be remedied 440. h Teeth loose by what meanes they may be set fast 38. g. h 41. e. 70. g. 72. g. 73. e. 109. e. 124. h. 156. h. m. 159. b. c 160. g. 164. l. 165. d. 184. h. 196. h. 197 a. 238. i. 239. b. c 326. i. k. l. 351. b. 377. a. 440. i. Telephanes a famous Imageur and his works 500. h. i Telphium an hearb thought to be Orpine 290. l the description and vertues ibid. Telicardios a pretious stone 629. d Telirrhizos a pretious stone ibid. e Telmessus a superstitious city addicted to soothsaying and magicke 372. l Tempest and thunder how to be raised 315. c Temple of Diana in Ephesus how long a building 580. h. i how it was founded and scituat ibid. the description thereof ibid. Temple of Cyzicum and the description thereof 581. a. by whom built ibid. Temple of Diana Anaitis religious and sacred 470. g spoiled by Antonie the Triumvir ibid. Temple of Peace built by
famous for her pensill 534. g. 551. a her picture ibid. Timomachus a painter of good note 548. k his pictures ib. Timotheus a famous Imageur and cutter in stone 568. l rich Tinctures which three be principall 88. k Tinesmus what disease it is 249 a. the remedies thereof 44. i. 49. e. 55. c. 66. i. 70. h. 72. k. 73. d. 126. g. 143. 〈◊〉 172. h. 249. b. 278 l. 283. b. 318. k. 332. h. 359. c. 382. k 413. a. 437. c. 443. d. e. 474. h. 520. i. Tin-glasse See Leadwhite Tin of diuers kinds 517. c. d sundry vses of Tin ibid. how it is sophisticat ibid. Tin Tertiarium what it is 517. d. the vse thereof ib. Tin Argentarium what mettall and how emploied 517. e Tissie 466. g Tithymales a kind of wild Poppie 69. c Tithymalus what herbe it is 251. e. the sundry names thereof ib. what is practised with the milkie iuice of it 251. e. f. Tithymall of many kinds ibid. 1. Tithymalos Characias 251. f. the description ib. the iuice extracted 252. g. the vertue ib. 2. Tithymalos Myrsinites or Caryites 252. i. k. the reason of both names ib. the dose thereof ibid. 3. Tithymalos Paralius or Tithymalis 252. l. the descriptition and dose ibid. 4. Tithymalus Helioscopius 252. l. the de description ib. the reason of the name ib. m. the vertue that it hath ib. the dose ibid. 5. Tithymalos Cyparissias why so called 253. a the description and operation ibid. 6. Tithymalos Platyphyllos 253. a. the reason of that name ib. why it is also called Corymbites ib. why named Amygdalites ib. the vertues ib. 7. Dendroides Cobion or Leptophyllon the description and effects 253. a. b Titius a man noted for being full of the foule Morphew 403. a. Tiwill in young children hangiug forth how to be reduced 451. e. See Fundament Tlepolemus a Physician 67. a T O Toads or venomous frogs described 434. l. why called in Latine Rubetae ib. wonders written of them ib. a bone in one of their sides of great efficacie ib. and 435. a how to be found 434. m against the venome or poison of these Toads remedies 119 a 223. d. 231. a. b. 232. g. 300. k. 307. e. 431. f. 434. i 435. b c. Toads â—…lax an herbe 286. l. See Osyris Toadstooles 7. f. 132. l. m. See Mushromes Tongue of man medicinable and of power to auert ill fortune 300. m Tongue blistered and sore how to be cooled healed 328. i 377. a. Tongue furred and rough how to be mundified 59. e. 192. i 419. b. Tongue speechlesse how it may be recouered 60. k Tongue palsie how to be cured 134. m against an vntemperat and lying Tongue a remedy 316. h Tonos in painting what it is 528. h Tonsils what they are 135. d. inflamed or sore how cured 183. c. 196. g. 197. d. 378. g. h. 437. d. 442. g. 507. f 509. c. 510. i. 607. f. See Amygdales Toothing in children how to be eased 105. b. 341 b c d 376. h. 397. e. 398. g. i. 449. e. Tooth or biting of man or woman mad is venomous 301. a the same in some cases is medicinable ibid. in a fit of a Tooth one killed himselfe 135. a for the Toothach proper remedies 36 g. 38 g h. 40 m. 42 h 44 g. 45 b. 47 b. 53 d. 56 i. 57 d. 62 l. 64 l. 65 b c 70. g. 72 g. 73 c. 74 g k. 102 l. 109 c. 123 a. 128 i 149 a. 161 c. 168 k. 169 a. 171 a. 178 g. 179. c 180 k. 181 c. 184 g h l. 187 l. 190 g. 199 f. 201. f 206 l. 238 h k. 239 b c. 252 h. 273 c. 274 k. 286. i 302 g. 312. g h. 316 l. 326 i k. l. m. 327 a. 375 e f 367. g. h. i. k. l. m. 419 f. 422 g. 431 c. 432 i. 440 g h 510 h. 557 d. 589. c. Topaze thought to be the Chrysolith a pretious stone 618 k where it was first discouered ibid. k l it was first graced by queene Berenice ib. the image of queene Arsinoe wife to Ptolomaeus Philadelphus made of the Topaze ib. d. Topaze of two kinds to wit Prasoides and Chrysopteros 618 m. it is filed ib. it weareth with vse ibid. Topazos an Island why so called 618. l Tordile what it is 206. h Tordilion what it is 74. h Tortoises liue both in land and water 431. d their manifold vses ibid. Tortoises of diuers kinds ibid. land Tortoises their flesh bloud c. medicinable 431. e their vrine also is effectuall in Physicke according to the Magi 432. g sea-Tortoises medicinable 432. h. 438. g their bloud 132. i their gall ib. â—…ore Tortoises described with their properties 432. l riuer Tortoises and their vertues 432. m Tortoises how to be dressed to cure the quartane ague 433. a. how to be let bloud artificially 433. b a Tortoise foot in a ship hindered her course ibid. Tortoises are medicinable ib. c they be fishes seruing for roiot and wantonnesse 451. b Tortoise-worke when vsed at Rome 482. g Touchstone 477. f. where it is found ibid. how to be chosen and vsed 472. g Tow of flax what it is 4. i. how emploied ib. Toxica be poysons what remedies against them 119. a 150. m. 177. d. 180. h. 323. d. 355. c. 364. h. Toxicon a kind of Ladanum 249. d T R Trachinia an herbe 291. c. the incredible effects which Democritus attributeth to it ib. Tragacantha a great healer 264. k Tragi what Spunges 423. b Tragion or Tragonis an herbe 291. c. the description ibid. Tragopogon an herbe 291. d. the description ibid. Tragoriganum an herbe 64. h. the description and the vertues ib. Tragos an herbe 291. d. the description ibid. Transplanting cureth many diseases in herbes 33. d Trauellers what wine they may drinke 155. d Treacle or Theriaca the composition thereof 79. b it was K. Antiochus his counterpoyson ibid. another Treacle or Theriaca reproued and the composition thereof 348. i Trebius Niger a writer 428. i Trees how they prooue harder to be hewed and wax drier 176. g. Treasure at Rome of gold and siluer 464. l m. 465. a Trembling of ioints or shaking of lims how to bee cured 49. d. 67. d. 141. b. 155. d. 162. h. 183. c. 219. d. 262. m 283. f. 312 i 359. c. 431. a. 447. a. Trembling of the heart how to be cured 48. h. 49. f. 174. i Tribuni aeris what they were at Rome 459. f Trichites a kind of Allum why so called 558. k Trich-madame See Prick-madame Trichomanes what kind of Maiden-haire 127. a Trichrus a pretious stone 629. c the description ib. Tricoccum 126. g Tridachna certaine Oisters 437. b Triens a small piece of brasse coine at Rome 463. b the Triens or brasse piece of the Servilij at Rome and the wonderfull nature thereof 513. a. b fed with siluer or gold ibid. Trifoile or Trifolie of three kinds 90. h the vertues thereof 107. b supposed by Sophocles and
halfe * I suppose he meaneth the diseases called Epâ—…â—…es or Incubus the night Mase 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. a medicine for allgâ—…iefs as one would say All. heale * Crâ—…ssioris 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ex Theophrast * Matrâ—…caria or Parthenium i. Motherwort * Vini Seme read Ueneni i poison * Where 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 dâ—… 〈◊〉 weâ—…e 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whiâ—… 〈◊〉 Crâ—…kes câ—… â—…yra * à verando vnde veratores veraculi and because such prophets were counted mad out of their wits therefore it was so called for that it cured such * 〈◊〉 tamentuÌ„ facit amboque somnuÌ„ I doubt whether this be true I suppose it should be read according to the old copy Somnum discutiunt i. they discusse or shank off sleep vsed to that purpose in lethargies such drowsie diseases * Hippocrates appointeth them to â—…athe before who purge not easily with Ellebore in case of convulsions 〈◊〉 by the taking therof â—…e prefer bâ—…th likewise the bain * As Radish roots and oxymell * Clinicis some read Cyâ—…is then iâ—… sigâ—…fieth thoâ—… that haue their mouths dâ—…awn 〈◊〉 their â—…ar 〈◊〉 diseasâ—… is câ—…lled 〈◊〉 â—…pasmus * Of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifieth war or debate * Eupator Rhâ—pontick * Lychnidis * Our coÌ„mon Centaury Our Buzzards as â—…urner thinketh * Odore acri Surely our hâ—…b Willow or Lysimachia hath a kind of sharp coole 〈◊〉 vnpleasant although Pâ—…iny vse the word acri for hot and biting in other places Hereupon it might well bee called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. 〈◊〉 and not of K. Lysimachus * Or rather Botrys i oke of Iâ—…salem is of sâ—…me called Artemisia of others Ambrosia as saith Dioscoridâ—…s * Water lilly * Water-rose * Or the vpper part of the hurt place Stetterwoort or Bears foot as some think Whereupon it seemeth to be called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Our Borrage This is our common HouÌ„d-tongue with little burs Some cal them Moones Schirrhomata otherwise Stocomata which be hunches or swellings in the flâ—…sh full of a greasie matter * Theophrastus writeth the like of the sweet root or Liquorice and Hippace that is cheese made of mares milk but not of any herb Hippice Betony A kind of wild Gillofio Much like to the Welch Metheglin Beare-foot Written in Iâmbicke verses as appeareth in Galen our Celendine * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 read 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Câ—…â—…oot oâ—…t oâ—… 〈◊〉 * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Pilewort oâ—… Figwort This floureth sooner to wit in February * With vs they doâ—…â—…at the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Quich grasse * Gratia Dei. * Which the old Romanes called 〈◊〉 whâ—… 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 thinketh that Siluâ—… 〈◊〉 a break fast 〈◊〉 the name because they vsâ—…d before dinner or noone râ—…fection to drinke a draught of wine aromatized with this hâ—…arbe * In Dioscor whom Pâ—…y seemeth here to translate it should bâ—… read 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 noâ—… 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 nor seed is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for that â—…t hath floures appeareth by Uâ—…rgil 12 Aeâ—…id 〈◊〉 these 〈◊〉 Dictam 〈◊〉 â—…enitrix Creâ—…a caâ—…pit ab Ida 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 folâ—…s flâ—…re 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. * Yâ—…t 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 faâ—…th thâ—…t it helpâ—…s women 〈◊〉 spâ—…edy châ—…ldbirth * i. Excellent good for women in child-bed Whâ—…rein Iâ—…ny is sâ—…mewhat ouerseen but hâ—… error is not great seeing that women with child vse ordinarily also to bâ—… brought a bed and lie in * Meant by Aristolochie or Birthwort the round * Any herbe good to provoke flâ—…shly lust For although there be a speciall herb of that vertue so called yet by a kind of Synecdoâ—…he all others of like operation may be termed Satyria * An hearbe like to the wild Poppie * i. Vervaine * Daepalis Arnob lib. 2. * Flos Glaucus * Pliny herein errâ—…th grossely Indeed the leaues of 〈◊〉 are much like to the Strawberrie â—…afe but as the one hath no fruit or bâ—…ry at all so the other to wit the strawberrie wire puts forth but three leaues * The â—…ame and the wilde * Some take it to be the Clot bur or Bâ—…tterbur * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dioscor idest I cafed like to Ivie * Sauge de bois * Some take these for the Cowslip and Primrose * Aconitum Pardalianches Libard-baine * Some take it for Ruâ—…a mâ—…ralis or Saluia vita a kind of 〈◊〉 or rather Maiden-haire * Whereof he writeth in the beginning of the sixt chapter of this booke * Euploea indeed signifieth in Homer a bon-voiage or prospâ—…rous nauigatioÌ„ but what is that to this place No doubt Pâ—…nie should haue read in Theophrastus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is no hearb but the happinesse of a good name among men whereof â—…liny speaketh here which Theophrsius attributeth to Antirrhinon as one of the effects of that hearb But lay the fault I pray you as well here as elsewhere vpoÌ„ Plinies Aâ—…agnosts or Readers who either read wrong or pronounced not their words distinctly and 〈◊〉 vnto him * So called because the fruit claspeth round about the stem or stalke of the hearbe * Because foxes are much subiect vnto it who are câ—…led in Greeke Alopekes * Capillus veneris or Maidenhaire * Adders tongue * Our Glader or Flags * Carpentis * Whereupon it is called Cynoides * 〈◊〉 Dodonaeâ—…d â—…st Water-parsley * Pro Meconio yet in Dioscorides it is 〈◊〉 * Aegilops Some take it for wild Oâ—…s others for Daâ—…ell * Whereupon it is called Thridacias * Aequalibus not caulibus for Mardrage bears no 〈◊〉 * i. Membrum virilâ—… vel Ceniâ—…ale * Other Herbarists describe Mandrages without a stem or stalke * Seruator in vi no according to â—…atevas 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whereas Dioscorides saith 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. 〈◊〉 lino that is to say they file them vp hanging by little thâ—…eds drawne through them * â—…phoras aestivas oâ—… râ—…ther aeâ—…uosas i. hot â—…heumes * Some take it for a Cataract * This Fuchsius thinketh to be Pistolochia or our Aristolochia the rounder * It seemes to be our Fumitory called in Greek Capnoâ—… * â—…ngale * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 out of Dioscor not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as Pliny seemeth to read when hee translated it Sordidis * Which some take to be Prick-madame of the French Trique-madame * Sciliâ—… * Dioscorides saith white * It containes water indeed within the concauities or arme-piâ—…s as it were of the leaues where they joine to the stem but surely in riuers it growes not Lacteo Diosc. i. white * For Mentum iâ—…â—…atine is a chin * Uelâ—…ci transiâ—…u scuâ—… â—…r men vâ—… dâ—…o salute one another by a kisse * Either by some mortification or effusion of bloud * ollicâ—…acu imâ—…u sa * It seemeth by a 〈◊〉 * Most of these signeâ—… shew a gangrâ—…ne and canker rather than our arbuncle * Some thinke it was an inflammation reâ—…embling our Carbuncle or Anthrax *
of Alexandria in Aegypt Dinocrates who began to make the arched roofe of the temple of Arsinoe all of Magnet or this load-stone to the end that within that temple the statue of the said princesse made of yron might seeme to hang in the aire by nothing But pre uented he was by death before he could finish his worke like as K. Ptolomaee also who ordayned that temple to be built in the honour of the said Arsinoe his sister But to returne again to our yron of all mines that be the vein of this mettall is largest and spreadeth it self into most lengths euery way as we may see in that part of Biscay that coasteth along the sea and vpon which the Ocean beateth where there is a craggy mountaine very steepe and high which standeth all vpon a mine or veine of yron A wonderfull thing and in maner incredible howbeit most true according as I haue shewed already in my Cosmography as touching the circuit of the Ocean CHAP. XV. ¶ The temper of yron The medicinable vertues thereof as also of the rust of Brasse and yron Of the skales that shed and flie from yron and of the liquid emplaster called by the Greekes Hygrimplastrum IRon made once hot in the fire vnlesse it be hardened with the Hammer doth soone waste and corrupt So long as it looketh but red it is not ready for the hammer neither would it be beaten before it begin to look white in the fire Besmeare it with vineger and Allum it wil looke like copper or brasse If you be desirous to keep any yron-worke from rust giue it a vernish with cerusse plaster and tar incorporat all together And this is that composition which is called by the Greeks Antipathia And some say also that there is a kind of hallowing yron that will preserue it from rust as also that there is at this day to be seen the chaine of yron within the city called Zeugma seated vpon Euphrates wherwith king Alexander the Great somtime bound and strengthened the bridge ouer the riuer there the linkes whereof as many as haue been repaired and made new since doe gather rust whereas the rest of the first making be all free therfrom As touching the vse of yron and steele in Physicke it serueth otherwise than for to launce cut and dismember withall for take a knife or dagger and make an imaginarie circle two or three times with the point thereof vpon a yong child or an elder body and then goe round withall about the party as often it is a singular preseruatiue against all poisons sorceries or inchantments Also to take any yron naile out of the coffin or sepulchre wherein man or woman lieth buried and to sticke the same fast to the lintle or side-post of a dore leading either into the house or bed-chamber where any doth lie who is haunted with spirits in the night hee or shee shall be deliuered and secured from such phantasticall illusions Moreouer it is said That if one be lightly pricked with the point of sword or dagger which hath beene the death of a man iâ—… is an excellent remedy against the paines of sides or brest which come with sudden pricks and stitches An actuall cauterie of yron red hot cureth many diseases and especially the biting of a mad dog in which case it is so effectuall that if the poison inflicted by that wound haue preuailed so far that the patient be fallen into an Hydrophobie thereby and cannot abide drinke or water let the sore be seared therewith the party shall find help presently Gads of steele or other yron red hot quenched in water so long vntil the same water be hot causeth it to be a wholsome drinke in many diseases but principally in the bloudy flix The very rust of yron also is counted medicinable for so Achilles is said to haue healed Telephus but whether the head of his speare were yron or brasse of which he vsed the rust I doe not certainly know Certes he is paynted thus with his sword scraping and shaking off the rust into the wound But if you would fetch off the rust from any old nails scrape it with a knife wet before in water As touching the vertues thereof it is cleansing exiccatiue and astringent it recouereth the haire in places despoiled thereof if they be annointed therewith in the forme of a liniment being reduced into a salue with wax and oile of Myrtles incorporate together many vse it for roughnesse about the eie-lids the pimples also breaking forth all ouer the body For shingles and S. Antonies fire it is singular good to apply it in an vnguent with vineger likewise it killeth scabs and healeth whitflawes of the fingers and the excrescence or turning vp of the flesh about the roots of the nails if linnen rags wet there in be applied conueniently The same conueyed vp in wooll after the manner of a pessary into the naturall parts of women staieth the immoderat flux both of whites and reds The rust of yron tempered in wine and wrought together with Myrrhe is good for a greene wound put thereto vineger and then it helpeth the piles and swelling bigges of the fundament A liniment made with it mitigateth the paine of the gout As touching the skales of yron that flie from the edge or point of any weapon wrought in the smiths forge they serue in the same cases that the rust doth and haue the like effects saue only this that they haue greater acrimonie and work more eagerly in which regard they are emploied about the repressing of the flux that falleth into watering eies But marke this one thing Yron being that which woundeth most and sheddeth bloud yet the skales that come from it stanch the same a property they haue besides to stop the flux in women and being applied to the region of the spleene they do open the obstructions thereof and ease other infirmities incident thereto the running haemorrhoids they represse and such vlcers as are giuen to spread farther and corrode as they go Reduced into a fine powder and gently strewed vpon the eye-lids they are good for the accidents thereto belonging But the principal vse of them and for which they are most commended is in a certain liquid plaster called Hygremplastrum which serueth to mundifie wounds vlcers and fistulaes to eat away all callosities and to incarnate and engender new flesh about bones that are perished And this is the receit of that composition Take of the scouring Tuckers earth the weight of two oboli of brasse six drams of the skales of yron as much and no lesse of wax incorporat all these according to art in one sextar of oile But in case there be need to mundifie any sores or to incarnat there would be put therto some plain cerot besides CHAP. XVI ¶ Of the Mines of Lead ore of white lead and blacke NOw insueth the discourse of lead and the nature of it of which there be two principall