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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A41387 A brief English tract of logick Good, Thomas, 1609-1678. 1677 (1677) Wing G1028; ESTC R291 10,972 43

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are also of two sorts some having Life and no Sense as Grass Plants c. others having Life and Sense which again are of two sorts some having Life Sense and Reason as all Men others having Life only and Sence as Birds Beasts Worms Serpents and Fishes All these sorts of Creatures are Substances The Second Predicament is Quantity In this Rank are placed all Quantities whether they be Multitudes as Numbers or Magnitudes as Length Breadth Thickness Now Logicians call Length Linea Breadth Superficies or Out-Side Thickness Corpus Of Length or Lines there be Two sorts some Straight others Crooked A Straight Line is that which lies directly betwixt Two Points Of Crooked Lines there be many sorts but the chiefest is a Circle or Round Line drawn Round about a little Point in the middle which we call the Centre The Third Predicament is of Quality In this Predicament are placed all Qualities whereof there are Four kinds 1 Habit 2 Natural Abilities 3 Sensible Qualities 4 Figures or Forms 1 An Habit is a Quality gotten by Industry and Labour as the Habit of Discourseing Well the Habit of Writing Well of Harping Dancing or the Habit of Justice Fortitude Temperance c. All Virtues or Vices of the Minde are Habits 2 Natural Power or Ability is a Quality Naturally Implanted in us not purchased by our Paines or Labour as the power to Walk Speak See or Laugh 3 Sensible Qualities is whatsoever we See as all Colours whatsoever we Hear as all Sounds whatsoever we Tast as all Sapours whatsoever we Touch as Heat Cold Roughness Smoothness Softness Hardness 4 Figure or Form is the outward Fashion of things as the Figure of a Man in his Body or Face the Figure of a Table which is Square or Quadrangulate the Figure of a Ring which is Round the Figure of a Bowl or Globe which is also Round and of this Figure is the World which is also Round wherein the Earth is placed as a Center Encircled by the Heavens and in Comparison of them it 's not bigger then yonder Center in respect of that Circle Of Relation In this Predicament or Rank are put all Relations whatsoever as the Relation betwixt Father and Son Master and Servant Tutor and Schollar A Relation is a mutual respect betwixt things which we call Relative and Correllative as Similitude or Likeness is a Relation betwixt Two things that are like Every Relative has his Correllative as every Father hath a Son or Daughter every Master a Servant No Relative is before his Correllative as the Father as he is a Father is not before or Elder then his Eldest Son or Daughter for before he had that Child he was not a Father Of Action In this Predicament or Rank are all Actions as Judging Playing Leaping Runing c. Passion Here we place all Passion or Suffering as to be Beaten Pulled or Burnt c. Of Place As the Place of Men is the Earth the Place of Fishes is the Water the Place of Birds the Air. Of Time As to Morrow to Day Yester●day c Of Scituation Wherein are all Postures as Sitting Standing Lying and Kneeling Of Habit. As to be Apparrelled with Gown Cloak Breeches c. CAP. II. HAving ended the Predicaments which are Ranks of things in the next place we will speak of Causes Opposition and Motion which we will make our Post Predicaments or things belonging to the Predicaments There is but one thing without Cause and that is God For he being the Cause of things was not made or caused by any thing A Cause is that of which or by which or for which a thing is made There are Four Causes of things the Material the Formal the Efficient and Final which are in Latine thus Named Materia Forma Efficiens Finis The Matter is the Cause out of which a thing is made as the Matter of an House is Timber and Stone the Form is the very Fashioning and Joyning together of the Matter the Efficient is the Carpenter the Final cause is Habitation for an House is made to dwell in Thus the Material Cause or Matter of a Man is his Body which is made of the Four Elements Earth Water Air Fire the Form is his Soul the Prime Efficient Cause of a Man is God though the Second Cause be his Parents the End or Final Cause is Gods Glory for God made Man for his own Glory CAP. III. OF things in the World some do agree the one with the other some do dis-agree are opposite one to the other as Heat and Cold Black and White which are contrary Light and Darkness Seeing and Blindness Blindness is the Absence or Privation of Seeing Now there is a double Privation of Seeing the one in part which is Privation only of the Act of Seeing as when you Sleep you do not absolutely See the other is whole or total viz a Privation of Act Power and Possibility Such a Privation of sight is in a Blind Man who neither actually Sees neither can he See If it be demanded whether or no a Stone be Blind I answer It neither Seeth nor yet is Blind for albeit there is an Absence of fight in a Stone yet there is no Privation because that Privation is an Absence of a thing which ought to be in but Sight ought not to be in a Stone therefore it wants it not CAP. IV. MOtion or Mutation which are in Latine called Motus is nothing but a change of things one thing from another Now things may suffer a change either in Nature or Substance or else in Accident or Quantity Quality or Place Hence Logicians make mention of Six kinds of Motions or change Generation Corruption Augmentation Diminution Alteration Local Motion Generation is a Motion or change from not being to being as when that which was not a Man is now made a Man Corruption is a change from being to not being as when a Man dies he changes his being and becomes Dust and Earth Augmentation is a change from a lesser to a greater Quantity as when a Man grows bigger and bigger Diminution is a change from greater to lesser Qauntity as when a Man goes lesser and lesser Alteration is a change from one Quality to another as when Water is changed from hot to cold Local Motion is a change from one Place to another as when a Man goes from his Chamber to the Hall from Oxford to Londan In every one of those Motions there are Two bounds the First where the Motion begins which we call terminus a quo the other where the Motion ends which we call terminus ad quem as if you go from Oxford to London the Terminus a quo is Oxford the Terminus ad quem is London An Example of fall Syllogisms 1. HE that saith Socrates is a living Creature saith true He that saith Socrates is an Ass saith He is a living Creatute Ergo He that saith Socrates is an Ass saith true 2. Every reasonable Creature