Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
virtue_n	fortitude_n	justice_n	temperance_n	2,097	5	10.3230	5	true

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A10148	Of the knovvledge and conducte of warres two bookes, latelye wrytten and sett foorth, profitable for suche as delight in hystoryes, or martyall affayres, and necessarye for this present tyme.	T. P.; Proctor, Thomas, poet, attributed name.	1578 (1578)	STC 20403; ESTC S119050	54,163	112

Of iustice Cap. v. THen followeth the third vertue Iustice whych is a deuyne motion or affection of the mind to deale vprightly and to render vnto euery man that which vnto him belongeth Yt may be called a deuyne vertue for that it procedeth principally of the feare of GOD who is the head and fountaine of all Iustice by whom al power is geeuen to bee duely vsed and administred And hee is the most high and aeternall Iudge ouer all This vertue is one of the braunches of pyetie by whych good and vpright men be called godly or like vn to god The other part or braunch of pietye is to serue God religiously and duely which because it ought to bee a ground worke proper vnto euery Christian man therfore haue I not noted the same as a peculier or perticuler vertue heare But I say the more Christian the meater Captaine and the better hee serueth God the better hee shall hys Prince and Countrey In this vertue of Iustice the Captaine ought to bee very diligent and circumspect to see as well the iust rewardes of vertue as the due punishment and correction of tumultes rapyne iniuryes disorder and breach of discipline and lawes of warre wherein the quantitie and qualitie with the circumstances of time person place is to be waighed in iudgement by the paise of wysedome in the balance of endifferency hanging vpon the beame and rule of right that reformation may grow and not confusion follow there of that by example of a feaw many may be warned and yet no such remisse clemencie to be vsed that negligence of Iustice should breake all good order But if by faire meanes or perswasion the euil might be wonne or reformed it is first so to be assayed and when none other remedy then rygour roughly to be extended How be it often times the greatnes of the mischiefe requireth sodaine iustice For in warres the like time of deliberatioÌ„ staye in iudgement and execution is not giuen as in peace for the generall affaires and state of the armie maye not be stayed or neglected for priuate causes And therefore the Captaines dome order or sentence in this case of spedie Iustice standeth for law and is called martial lawe This lawe king Artaxerxes vsed towardes Artabanus wheÌ„ he had slaine his father Xerxes and his brother Darius conspiring also to dispatche him and vsurpe the Empyre After that he had certaine secrete vnder standing thereof because that for the great power of him and his sonnes yt was daungerous to apprehende him he discloseth the same vnto some of his trusty friendes and calling Artabanus out of the armye fayning that he would chaunge his armour with him when he had put of the same the King remayning stil armed thrust him thorough with his swerd and so deliuered his estate from daunger King Aswerus likewise caused Aman his sonnes to be sodainly appreheÌ„ded executed because that thorough their great power the stay thereof had bene daungerous How be it this kind of Iustice is in the greatest extremitie But the martiall Law or sentence would be vsed and executed vnder this forme and order that the generall calling vnto him such of the Captaines and principall persons of the Army as he shall thinke conuenient thereunto reciting shortly the maner of the offence the mischiefe that might grow therof the odiousnes and villanye of vnnatural Treason and dissention within an armye tending to the ouerthrowen of most valiant worthy personages of most honorable attemptes and purposes the quayling of most great and high endeuours before in that seruice vsed and to the miserable spoyle of the whole army with the decay and dishonour of the countrey of whence they are and there with all the proofes being heard and openly declared to geeue iudgement according to the nature of the offence and commit ouer order for executing the same And sometime for the better satisfiyng of the army if time permit it is conuenient for the punishment of criminall causes to referre the hearinge thereof to the Captaines of euery bande and certaine of them to speake theyr mindes for the qualitie and odiousnes of the offence with some admonishment at the last to the rest of the hearers And sometime it is policie to commit the same vnto twelue or more of the meaner sort or commen souldiers as circumstances may require And if the partie accused and vnder iudgement be a straunger it is the better order of Iustice that he haue parte of his triall by some of his owne Countrey if the matter be playne that they be not to be suspected of partialitie And the whilest that other haue the handling of this matter the generall may the better attend his greater affaires For the other part of Iustice what course is best to be taken in rewarding the valure and well deseruing of those which with great endeuour labour for same to the honour and aduauncement of their Countrey Hearein the good iudgement of the Captaine is to be exercised for wel noting and right regarding the dispositions endeuours and doinges of each person For some are geeuen not to make challenge or claime of theyr owne proper deedes and vertues other will make large report and ostentation of that which they do setting the same artificially forthe to the vtter most and further sometime clothing themselues with that which they neuer sponne and thrusting into the glorie of other mens desertes And diuers there are of disposition to extenuate and seeme to make lesse the vertues of other whom they cannot matche in valure And therefore sith that honour is the right reward of vertue as the Philosophers agree that Laudata virtus crescit and Honos alit artes commended vertue encreaseth and honour is the nouryce of valure which maketh men to excell in practises the Captaine ought to be wyse to sifte perceiue such knackes cunning colours from substaÌ„ce that he be a iust distributer of the due salaire and rewarde vnto the vertuous without affection or parciality that they beyng encouraged encrease not discouraged cease from well doinge Moreouer for the maner of rewardes there is coÌ„syderation to be had of the person thus if he be poore he may be somewhat enryched thereby if he meane to bee a continuer in the seruice of warre to geue him a more highe place greater charge in the armie to call him vnto the more wayghtye secrete affaires If he be one that needeth or seeketh not wealth let him haue credite honour aucthoritye the more vse all curtesye towardes him findinge meanes to knowe hys delighte wherewith most to gladde or gratifie him as with horse Armour some rare Iewell or other acceptable thinge to geue him where euer he goe speache of credite honorable commendation and report If he desier to become expert in the knowledge of warre by all curtesye and meanes to further hym thereunto so that as neare as maye bee euerye man

accordynge to hys desyre and mynde bee contented And this due fourme of iustice obserued with the conformitie of his other dealinges shal be vnto the Captaine a foundation of most highe enterprises For the generall performing towardes the souldiers al that on his part is to be perfourmed he may the better expostulate and requyre in them their endeuours and duityes which also they will the more willingly doe if they be wel paied of their wages which principally must be prouided for for money is the synewes of warre the Captaine ought not to suspende or delaye the paye of the same any time except for especiall occasion When the generall oweth not vnto the souldier but he hath his wages payed he may franklye coÌ„maund him to any seruyce of the warres Furthermore this vertue of Iustice chiefelie preserueth the dygnitie of the Captaine that the souldyers loue him feare him and reuerence him for this is the hoope and bande that bindeth fast together and strengthneth all the state and affaires of the warre This Iustice in the Captaine includeth two other vertues that he be liberal where cause is and to be temperate and continent of his lust and affections to any other vanitie Temperance is generally defined in this Latine verse Est virtus placitis abstinuisse bonis A vertue of refrayning or abstinence from alluring euils whether it be couetousnes ambition wanton pleasures or such like For modestie of Magistrates or Gouernours due obseruation of Iustice and iust distributing of honours preserueth states from sedition This vertue greate Alexander to his greatest honour vsed towardes the captiue daughters of Darius And Scipio after the expugnation and winnyng of new Carthage in Spayne the wyfe of Luceius a Prince of that Countrey of most rare excellent beawtye beyng brought vnto him he sent her and all that she had saufe and vntouched very honorablie also accompanied home vnto her husband The fame of whose singuler vertue knightlye parte afterwardes procured him great honour of the Spanierdes with much helpe and furtherance in his warres there The wante of which vertue caused Marcus Antonius to be surprised in the dalyance of Cleopatra neglecting his warres and defence whereby he was ouerthrowen of Augustus Caesar. Holifernes by like vice was curtoled of his head and the huge hoste of the Assyrians dyspersed The valure of Sampson by like doting was cut of The Empires and Monarchyes of the Assyriens and Persians sonke in delicate pleasures and in intemperance were lost all is the spoyle of the hardie manlike and martial souldier which ough tlike the noble knight Hypolitus to flye the baytes of effeminate wantonnesse and synke of inteÌ„perance seking to reach the Banner of renowme in the highest toppe of vertues tower following valiant exercises which maketh the bodie stronge and healthye and the person honorable the other hath contrarie effectes Â¶ Of Prudence the fourth vertue in a Captaine PRudence is an excellent vertue as necessarye as any thing for our Captaine which by good aduise prudent foresight guydeth the preseÌ„t affaires in the best course and state conferring them with thinges past and prouidinge for thinges to come This PrudeÌ„ce must haue deliberate coÌ„sideration of all circumstaÌ„ces by iudgement to souÌ„de and search the depthe of that which is doubtful it is the Rule almost of all his doinges whereby he deuiseth disposeth and ordereth them as for due consideration of the quality of his souldiers good araye of his Battailles diligent espyall of his enemies doynges due estimation of theÌ„ for the oportunitye and occasion of takyng of any aduanÌ„tage and for the auoydinge of all inconueniences for the prouision of all necessaries for the campe for vsynge the endeuours of euery one as he is most mete for the assocyatinge vnto his weighty and secrete counsailes and practises men of iudgement wise of inuention politike and trust approued And how to trye and finde the trustye prudence also by meanes discerneth For all thy deuises except they be concealed and close kept from the enemy til the time of practise of the same they be seeldoÌ„e auailable oftentimes hurtful And as the good coÌ„sideration iudgemeÌ„t of a Captaine is to be sene in those pointes before remeÌ„bred ought euer to accompanye his doinges So is inuention requysite vnto hym to deuyse how to cutt of the strength of the enemye or circumuent hym for by this manie thinges haue ben atchieued which force could not winne What the policye of Cinon and Vlisses at the battaill of Troye and Zopyrus amonge the Babilonians auayled it is notoriouslye knowne This inuentioÌ„ and cunninge to entrapp the enemye Hanniball had at will and oftentymes plagued the Romaines there with all but at the last when he had remayned diuers yeares in Italye wastinge and destroyinge of the couÌ„ trey the Romaynes could by no meanes dryue him foorthe Cornelius Scipio founde out the waye to ryd him geuinge this prudent aduise vnto the Romaines that they should sende an armye to inuade Affricke and besyege Carthage whiche was the head of the enemies Empyre shewinge that the stroke at the head as it is most daungerous so it is most feared as when the harte is afrayde the bloud resorteth from other partes vnto the comforte thereof as the principall storehouse of lyfe So sayd Scipio the Carthaginoys pinched with warres at home will sende for their powers abroade to succour them kepe saufe the home stall Which hapned and fell out accordinglye that Hanniball leauinge Italye and retourninge into Affricke to defende his owne countrey and resist the Romaine armye ledd thither by Scipio was there by him ouerthrowne Carthage taken and Affricke subdued So remooued he the daunger ruine by excellent inuention from Roome and caryed the same vnto Carthage was it not a famous policie of Henrie the fifth at the battaill of Agincourt when the power of the French meÌ„ stoode most vpon horsemen armed with heauie armour to cause the fielde to bee pitched full of sharpe stakes when they should inuade his battail which withdrawinge till they were come vppon the stakes then had hee placed his archers in an Iland or plott so inuironned or surrounded that they might saufelie shoote at the enemie and hee not come to hurte them by which traine and order the French hoste tumblinge downe in disorder was ouerthrowne whiche inuention is the more honorable for that it is credible to be of the kynges owne deuisinge About the time of the takinge of Bullen by kynge Henrie the eyght this practise was vsed by a noble Englyshe Captayne for the winninge of a towne which was defeÌ„ded on the weaker parte thereof by a marishe so that ordynaunce could not bee planted to batter the same he caused pieces of light wood to be secretlie made and cunninglye painted like gunnes and layinge bordes vppon the marishe so conueyed ouer his disguysed ordinaunce by terror whereof at the first summons hastelie made with great manasse and shewe of the pretended

power conquered in the field the GreciaÌ„s theÌ„ not farre exceding the nuÌ„ber of a 100. thousand men Cimon also about that time a captaine of LacaedemoÌ„ by like valure with a lesse army preuailed against great powers of the PersiaÌ„s by Sea. And Alcibiades the excellent Captaine of Athens beyng no lesse ouermatched with number of men and munition or furniture of warre with the skattered forces and repulsed power of the Atheniens both by Sea and land ouerthrew the Persians and Lacaedemoniens vnder Mindarus and Pharnabazus their Captaines In the begynning of these warres the redoubted Leonidas with vj. hundred Lacaedemoniens slew nigh 20. thousand of the Persians at their entryng into Grecia Furius Camillus wheÌ„ the Celtae led by Brennus and Bellinus had conquered Italy and sacked Roome gathering together the dispersed relickes and broken bands of the armie before conquered by woÌ„derful hardines prowesse sodainly assayling the Celtes in their retorne homewards ouerthrew them and bereft them of all the spoyles prises which they had taken before Martius Coriolanus the noble Romaine when he had by Romaines ouerthrowen the Volsciens coÌ„quered of their terrytories and townes beyng afterwards ingratefullie banished of his countrey and inuading the same with a power of Volsciens beeinge the same people which late beefore was vanquished vnder an other Captayne now by his conduct the Romaines being ouer runne the enemies at the walles of their Citie they are constrained to craue peace and to entreate of Martius by all meanes for their sauftie The subtil Hanniball which had ouerthrowen many Captains and battals of the Romaines by the knackes and fine fetches of a cunning Captaine yet was he not onely matched but also mated or wearied by Fabius by policy delaying to ioigne battail til he had much worne and speÌ„t the other with trauail want of necessaries for his armie which could not be sup plied at all times froÌ„ Carthage beyng so farre distant vnto Hanniball as they might be vnto Fabius at home But Scipio afterwards goyng beyoÌ„d all the cunning of Hanniball conquered hym in his owne countrey And the Macidoniens for further proofe of this theme for the importaÌ„ce regarde of the guyde Captaine vnder the conduct of Alexander the great they conquered the greatest part of the world the same people not long after vnder other gouernment wyth their King Perseus and their countrey were by Paulus Aemelius a famous Captayne of the Romaynes subdued So to be short for that this matter is coÌ„uenient to bee touched hereafter The vertue wisedome and dyligence of the Captayne in takinge of some aduauÌ„tages his circumspect dealinge causeth great assurance and coÌ„fidence of the armie and his courage and skill in vsing moouing of souldiers maketh of a cowardlie people hardie and the want of the same maketh the hardie people fearefull and of noe force Â¶ Of the vertues and qualities which a Captaine ought to vnderstand to be requisite for that function and to be endeuoured of him THe gouernmeÌ„t charge of a General or Captaine is great therefore he ought to be furnished and endewed with great vertues For an armie of souldiers which are chosen of the lustyest strongest men of the realme of what importaÌ„ce regarde it ought to be it is easelye discerned for it is the strength of the Realme the wall of the coÌ„mon wealth the piller whereupon the estates of all men therein do stand And therefore amonge other vertues these fiue a good Captaine must nedes haue That is to say knowledge iudgement in martial affaires Magnanimitie or valiaunt courage Iustice Prudence tender affeccioÌ„ diligent care or regarde ouer his souldiers and armie For knowledge first that he consider the maner of the warre the qualities of the countrey and people against whom he is to fight that he may chose and weapon his souldiers apoint order his bandes army accordinglye as for example in plaine open countryes the more shott horsemen may auaile especiallie if there bee store of forage with all and for Incursion the morelight horse lesse cariages be necessarie the reason is plaine for that they are to shift from place to place spedily to annoye then emie here and there whereunto in the plaine fieldes they haue scope at will Captaynes also haue ben skilfull to trayne souldiers to practyse them in exercyses apt and auaylable for the warres by excelleÌ„t fitt meanes to plant graft in theÌ„ courage And further especiall regard must be had of the state scituation of the countrey waies grouÌ„ds for the saufe passinge coÌ„ductinge and setling of his armie or campe for chosing the field or place for battaile that he leade not his armie into any trappes ambushes or streightes Arterentius Varro was deluded heÌ„med in by HaÌ„niball at the battaile of Cannae in Italie to the vtter ouerthrowe destruccioÌ„ of the Romaine armye surely if the general be a maÌ„ learned as the most excellent captaines haue ben he shall reade of like thinges the knowledge whereof is most auaylable in the warres and the experience of the like hearde of and in longe time obtayned Â¶ Of Magnanimitie and prowesse in the generall THen must there bee lynked and ioyned wyth knowledge the secoÌ„d vertue that is highnes hardines of courage to atchiue great and honourable thinges which if it be accompanied and furnyshed with valure and force of bodie in a Captaine somtimes by his owne prowesse to giue example to the rest it is farre the better And therefore it is to be noted that verie seldome through out the histories of all times a man shall reade of any great victories or conquests had or made but the generall was a man hardie able of his owne bodie for seruice I could recompt aboue an hundred of the greatest captains victours that haue ben valiaunt men of person amonge all I remeÌ„ber some of the other sort good guides of warre without any great force of body as King Numa Aristides Eumenes some wemeÌ„ as Marthesia Penthesilia and diuers of the Amazones Semiramis Thomiris two Queenes wemen of weake bodies and yet of high victorious myndes obtained great victories vnder their owne conduct being present in the fielde Of latter time the cursed Machomet being nothing valiant of person by diuelyshe sleightes and enchauntmentes and thorough the infidelitie of others made sundrie great conquestes And the vngracious Pucelle of Fraunce in the tyme of Kyng Henrie the sixt hys warres there by the meanes of the superstitious myndes of the Englyshe men preuayled more in diuers iourneys attempts against them then any generall or French Captaine before could doe by force These be straunge and rare examples but generally to conclude prowesse and force in the person of a Captaine is greatly auaylable For it is a part of Fortitude and is called Heroique Â¶

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