Selected quad for the lemma: virtue_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
virtue_n	draw_v	iron_n	loadstone_n	1,525	5	13.0457	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A71305	Purchas his pilgrimes. part 3 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.	Purchas, Samuel, 1577?-1626.	1625 (1625)	STC 20509_pt3; ESTC S111862	2,393,864	1,207

oft published Decades of Epistles TRauell perfiteth wisedome and obseruation giues perfection to trauell without which a man may please his eyes not feede his braine and after much earth measured shall returne with a weary body and an empty minde Home is more safe more pleasant but lesse fruitfull of experience But to a minde not working and discursiue all heauens all earths are alike And as the end of trauell is obseruation so the end of obseruation is the informing of others for what is our knowledge if smothered in our selues so as it is not knowne to more Such secret delight can content none but an enuious nature You haue breathed many and cold aires gone farre seene much heard more obserued all These two yeares you haue spent in imitation of Nabuchadnezzars seuen conuersing with such creatures as Paul fought with at Ephesus Alas what a face yea what a backe of a Church haue you seene what manners what people Amongst whom ignorant Superstition striues with close Atheisme Treachery with Cruelty one Deuill with another while Truth and Vertue doe not so much as giue any challenge of resistance Returning once to our England after this experience I imagine you doubted whether you were on Earth or in Heauen Now then if you will heare mee whom you were wont as you haue obserued what you haue seene and written what you haue obserued so publish what you haue written It shall be a gratefull labour to vs to Posteritie I am deceiued if the ficklenesse of the Russian State haue not yeelded more memorable matter of Historie then any other in our Age or perhaps many Centuries of our Predecessors How shall I thinke but that God sent you thither before these broiles to bee the witnesse the Register of so famous mutations He loues to haue those iust euils which hee doth in one part of the World knowne to the whole and those euils which men doe in the night of their secresie brought forth into the Theater of the World that the euill of mens sinne being compared with the euill of his punishment may iustifie his proceedings and condemne theirs Your worke shall thus honour him besides your second seruice in the benefit of the Church For whiles you discourse of the open Tyra●nie of that Russian Nero Iohn Basilius the more secret no lesse bloudy plots of Boris the ill successe of a stolne Crowne though set vpon the head of an harmelesse Sonne the bold attempts and miserable end of a false yet aspiring challenge the perfidiousnesse of a seruile people vnworthy of better Gouernours the misse-carriage of wicked Gouernours vnworthy of better Subiects the vniust vsurpations of men iust though late reuenges of God crueltie rewarded with bloud wrong claimes with ouerthrow treachery with bondage the Reader with some secret horror shall draw-in delight and with delight instruction Neither kn●w I any Relation whence hee shall take out a more easie Lesson of Iustice of Loyaltie of Thankefulnesse But aboue all let the World see and commiserate the hard estate of that worthy and noble Secretarie Buchinsky Poore Gentleman his distresse recalls euer to my thoughts Aesops Storke taken amongst the Cranes He now nourishes his haire vnder the displeasure of a forreigne Prince At once in durance and banishment Hee serued an ill Master but with an honest heart with cleane hands The Masters iniustice doth no more infect a good Seruant than the truth of the Seruant can iustifie his ill Master A bad Worke man may vse a good Instrument and oft-times a cleane Napkin wipeth a foule mouth It ioyes me yet to thinke that his pietie as it euer held friendship in Heauen so now it winnes him friends in this our other World Lo euen from our Iland vnexpected deliuerance takes a long flight and blesseth him beyond hope yea rather from Heauen by vs. That God whom hee serues will bee knowne to those rude and scarce humane Christians for a protector of innocence a fauourer of truth a rewarder of pietie The mercy of our gracious King the compassion of an honourable Counsellour the loue of a true friend and which wrought all and set all on worke the grace of our good God shall now lose those bonds and giue a glad welcome to his libertie and a willng farell to his distresse He shall I hope liue to acknowledge this in the meane time I doe for him Those Russian Affaires are not more worthy of your Records than your loue to this frend is worthy of mine For neither could this large Seâ drowne or quench it nor time and absence which are w●nt to breed a lingring consumption of friendship abate the heate of that affection which his kindnesse bred religion nourished Both rarenesse and worth shall commend this true loue which to say true hath beene now long out of fashion Neuer times yeelded more loue but not more subtle For euery man loues himselfe in another loues the estate in the person Hope of aduantage is the Load-stone that drawes the yron hearts of men not vertue not dese●t No Age affoorded more Parasites fewer friends The most are friendly in si●ht seruiceable in expectation hollow in loue trustlesse in experience Yet now Buchinsky see and confesse thou h●st found one friend which hath made thee many c. §. V. Of the miserable estate of Russia after SWISKEYS deportation their election of the King of Polands Sonne their Interregnum and popular estate and chusing at last of the present Emperour with some remarkabe accidents in his time THus haue we seene the Russian sinnes vtterly rooting vp so many Russian Imperiall Families and persons the whole Family of Iuan extirpate that of Boris succeeding annihilate two pretending Demetrij and Suiskie extinct and yet haue wee greater abhominations to shew you No Tyrant no Serpent no Dragon is so exorbitant and prodigious as that which hath many heads and therefore in diuine Visions Monarchies how euer excessiue and tyrannical haue beene resembled by simpler and more vniforme beasts but the Deuill in a great red Dragon with seuen heads and ten hornes and the Beast likewise to which hee gaue his power and his seat and great authoritie which opened his mouth in blasphemie against God c. On which sate the great Whore the Antichristian Babylon There was no King in Israel is both Alpha and Omega Preface and Conclusion Diuine Writ to some misery in Israel as if all Kings and no King were the Circumference of all the lines proceeding from Mischiefes Centre And now was Russia a Monster of many heads that is a bodie fallen into many pieces One man possessed of the Wife of that double Demetrius got to Astracan there seating himselfe to set vp an vsurped shop of Rule the Southerne parts chose Prince Vladislaus Son of K. Sigismund of Poland ●hose of the North thought of other Princes and at last when neither the Fig-trees sweetnesse nor Oliues fatnesse nor cheering Wine from the Vine could take place in their

to the South from 60. degrees of Septentrional altitude vnto fiftie three Austral which are 1977. leagues of ground which hath in breadth at the broadest 1300. and thence downewards vnto eighteene which is the narowest by Nombre de Dios or Portobelo vnto Panama whereby Nature diuided this Land leauing almost the halfe of it to the North and the rest to the South which are the two parts of these bounds The third is the Ilands and firme land that lye to the East of Mallaca where through passeth the Line of the partition betweene the two Crownes of Castile and Portugall the which although they are part of the East India they are named of the West in respect of Castile as shall bee seene in the generall Map that followeth And because the Discouerie of all these Regions from whence so great Riches haue beene brought to these Kingdomes is due vnto the Load-stone I will set downe heere a wonderfull effect of his discouered by Don Antonie Ossorio a Gentleman of Valladolid and it is that it doth communicate to the Iron more attractiue vertue then naturally it hath of it selfe seeing that applying an Iron to the part of the stone that hath most force much more weight will bee raysed with the Iron then with the stone it selfe so it bee ioyned with it in sort that to a Loadstone that weigheth no more then two pound one quarter and hath no naturall vertue for to lift more then sixe ounces weight it made the Iron in my presence to lift fourteene pound of Iron and this vertue hath not the Load-stone of Spaine a thing that causeth the Philosophers to muse much vpon The Author had here inserted a Table or Generall Map of America the defect of which wee haue supplyed with this farre more complete of Hondius HONDIVS his Map of AMERICA AMERICAE DESCRIP THe Ocean that is toward the East is called the North Sea and that which falleth to the West Mar del Sur or the South Sea this washeth Noua Hispania and Peru that washeth those Regions which are situated on the South coast of Brasile toward the Magellan Streight and especially the North coast from Brasile toward Castile and other Septentrional parts These two vast Seas are diuided into other lesser Seas and Gulfes and are sayled by foure principall Nauigations The first and most ancient from Castile to Terra firme and to Noua Hispania The second from Castile to the Riuer of Plate and the Streight of Magellan The third from the coast of Noua Hispania to Guatimala and Panama to Peru Chile and the Streight And the last and newest from Noua Hispania to the Ilands of the West and trafficke of China as it is seene in the Table preceding The first Nauigation because it is most vsed called Carrera de las Indias The course of the Indies is diuided in two one to the port of Saint Iohn of Vlua in Noua Hispania whitherto from Siuil is sayled about one thousand and seuen hundred leagues in two moneths and an halfe and another to Nombre de Dios and now to Porte bello which is in the Kingdome which they call Terra firme of one thousand and foure hundred leagues in two moneths large and both goe by one course till they come to the Ilands of the North Sea from Saint Lucar of Barrameda whence yee cannot take Sea without a Pilot skilfull in the Channell a fit winde and spring Tydes and light of the day or lights for to see the markes of the Barre The Times for to begin these Nauigations are diuers For Noua Hispania the winter being past from the beginning of April vnto the end of May and not after that they may not come to the Ilands of the North Sea after August when the North windes begin to reigne and the Vracanes doe begin which are stormes and great gusts arising of contrarie windes And to Terra firme the Nauigation is before the entring of the Winter in all August and September that they may come to Porte bello from Nouember forward when by the beginning of the North windes that Coast is alreadie least diseased and more healthfull From Saint Lucar they goe to the Canaries whither there is about two hundred and fiftie leagues of Nauigation of eight or ten dayes through the Gulfe de las Yeguas which in winter is very dangerous for stormes and in the Port of Canarie they cast anker when they thinke it good or else in the Port of Gomera which is the best of those Ilands From the Canaries they saile to Desseada which stands in 15. degrees and little more and to Dominica whither they make seuen hundred leagues through the great Ocean and they stay fiue and twentie dayes whereby they cannot returne because the Brises are ordinarie and contrarie at their returne The Brises are windes which comprehend all the Easterne windes with all their quarters and are so ordinarie and firme because the swift motion of the First Moouer doth carry after him the Element of the Aire as the other superior Orbes and so the Aire followeth alwaies the motion of the Day going from East to West neuer varying and the effectuall motion of the Aire carrieth after him also the vapours and exhalations that doe arise from the Sea and therefore the Brise winde which runneth from the East is so continuall in those parts This voyage from the Canaries to Dominica Peter Arios of Auila which was called Gentill and the Iuster made the first the yeere of 1514. when hee went with an Armie for Gouernour and Captaine generall of the Kingdome of Golden Castile now called Terra firme since which the Nauigation hath beene ordered that vntill then went out of order Because it is now ordered that fresh water and wood be not taken in the Iland of Desseada and in Dominica the Fleet of Noua Espanna goe hence to Occoa a Port of the Iland Hispan-yola to take refreshing and they stay long because the stormes from Cuba doe ouertake it And they that goe for Noua Espanna doe water in the Iland of Guadalupe and there they diuide the courses The fleet of Noua Espanna goeth in demand of the Cape of Saint Antonie which is in the furthest part and most Occidentall of the Iland of Cuba to which place they saile about fiue hundred leagues in twentie dayes ordinarily in sight of Saint Iohn of Porto Rico and of Espannola two leagues off the Port of Saint Domingo running along the coast by the Point of Nizao and betweene the Ilands of Cuba and Iamayca they goe with great heede of the shoales which are called the Iardines neere to the middest of the coast of Cuba where many ships haue beene lost passing afterward in sight of the Iland of Pinos and Cape Correntes twelue leagues short of the Cape of Saint Antonie From whence there are two courses to the Port of Venacruz both of ten or twelue dayes one which

better nor fairer For that it is rare and extraordinarie to see a Country where it neuer raines nor thunders men desire naturally to know the cause of this strangenesse The reason which some giue that haue neerly looked into it is that vpon that Coast there rise no vapours sufficient to engender raine for want of matter but onely that there bee small and light vapours which cannot breede any other then mists and deawes as wee see in Europe oftentimes vapours doe rise in the morning which are not turned into raine but into mists onely the which growes from the substance which is not grosse and sufficient enough to turne to raine They say the reason why that which happens but some times in Europe falls out continually vpon the Coast of Peru is for that this Region is very drie and yeelds no grosse vapours The drinesse is knowne by the great abundance of Sands hauing neither Wells nor Fountaines but of fifteene S●ades deepe which is the height of a man or more and that is neere vnto Riuers the water whereof piercing into the Land giues them meanes to make Wells So as it hath beene found by experience that the course of Riuers being turned the Wells haue beene dried vp vntill they returned to their ordinarie course and they giue this reason for a materiall cause of this effect but they haue another efficient which is no lesse considerable and that is the great height of the Sierre which comming along the Coast shadowes the Lanos so as it suffers no winde to blow from the Land but aboue the tops of these Mountaines By meanes whereof there reignes no winde but that from the Sea which finding no opposite doth not presse nor straine forth the vapours which rise to engender raine so as the shadow of the Mountaines keepes the vapours from thickning and conuerts them all into mists There are some experiences agree with this discourse for that it raines vpon some small Hills along the Coast which are least shadowed as the Rocks of Atico and Arequipa It hath rained in some yeeres when as the Northerne or Easterly windes haue blowne yea all the time they haue continued as it happened in seuentie eight vpon the Lanos of Trugillo where it rained abundantly the which they had not seene in many ages before Moreouer it raines vpon the same Coast in places where as the Easterly or Northerne windes be ordinarie as in Guayaquil and in places where as the Land riseth much and turnes from the shadow of the Mountaines as in those that are beyond Ariqua Some discourse in this manner but let euery one thinke as he please It is most certaine that comming from the Mountaines to the Vallies they doe vsually see as it were two Heauens one cleere and bright aboue and the other obscure and as it were a gray vaile spread vnderneath which couers all the Coast and although it raine not yet this mist is wonderfull profitable to bring forth grasse and to raise vp and nourish the seed for although they haue plentie of water which they draw from the Pooles and Lakes yet this moisture from Heauen hath such a vertue that ceasing to fall vpon the Earth it breedes a great discommoditie and defect of graine and seedes And that which is more worthy of admiration the drie and barren Sands are by this deaw so beautified with grasse and flowers as it is a pleasing and agreeable sight and very profitable for the feeding of Cattell as we see in the Mountaine called Sandie neere to the Citie of Kings New Spaine passeth all other Prouinces in pastur●s which breedes infinite troopes of Horse Kine Sheepe and other Cattell It abounds in fruit and all kinde of graine To conclude it is a Country the best furnished and most accomplished at the Indies Yet Peru doth surpasse it in one thing which is Wine for that there growes store and good and they daily multiply and increase the which doth grow in very hot Vallies where there are waterings And although there be Vines in new Spaine yet the grape comes not to his maturitie fit to make Wine The reason is for that it raines there in Iuly and August when as the grape ripens and therefore it comes not to his perfection And if any one through curiositie would take the paines to make wine it should be like to that of Genua and Lombardie which is very small and sharpe hauing a taste like vnto Verjuyce The Ilands which they call Barlouente which bee Hispaniola Cuba Port Ricco and others thereabouts are beautified with many greene pastures and abound in Cattell as Neat and Swine which are become wilde The wealth of these Ilands bee their Sugar-workes and Hides There is much Cassia fistula and Ginger It is a thing incredible to see the multitude of these merchandizes brought in one fleete being in a manner impossible that all Europe should waste so much They likewise bring wood of an excellent qualitie and colour as Ebone and others which serue for buildings and Ioyners There is much of that wood which they call Lignum sanctum or Guage fit to cure the pox All these Ilands and others thereabouts which are many haue a goodly and pleasant aspect for that throughout the yeere they are beautified with grasse and greene trees so as they cannot discerne when it is Autumne or Summer by reason of continuall moisture ioyned to the heat of the burning Zone And although this Land bee of a great circuit yet are there few dwellings for that of it selfe it engenders great Arcabutos as they call them which be Groues or very thicke Coppises and on the Playnes there are many marishes and bogs They giue yet another notable reason why they are so smally peopled for that there haue remayned few naturall Indians through the inconsideratnesse and disorder of the first Conquerors that peopled it and therefore for the most part they vse Negros but they cost deare being very fit to till the Land There growes neither bread nor wine in these Ilands for that the too great fertilitie and the vice of the soile suffers them not to seede but casts all forth in grasse very vnequally There are no Oliue trees at the least they beare no Oliues but many greene leaues pleasant to the view which beare no fruit The bread they vse is of Caçaue whereof we shall hereafter speake There is gold in the Riuers of these Ilands which some draw forth but in small quantitie I was little lesse then a yeere in these Ilands and as it hath beene told me of the mayne Land of the Indies where I haue not beene as in Florida Nicaragua Guatimala and others it is in a manner of this temper as I haue described yet haue I not set downe euery particular of Nature in these Prouinces of the firme Land hauing no perfect knowledge thereof The Country which doth most resemble Spaine and the Regions of Europe in all the West Indies

piller the whips and crowne of thornes and the wounds wherein they are not altogether without reason and yet to find out and obserue these things it requires some pietie to cause beleefe but it is very exquisite and faire to the eye although it haue no smell c. The balme which comes from the West Indies is not of the same kinde of right Balme which they bring from Alexandria or Cair● and in old time was in Iudea which Iudea as Plinie writeth did of all the world possesse this greatnesse vntill the Emperour Vespasian brought it to Rome and into Italie At the Indies I haue seene the Tree from whence they draw the Balme which is as big as a Pomgranat tree and something neere the fashion and if my memorie failes me not it hath nothing common with the Vine although that Strabo writes that the ancient tree of Balme was of the bignesse of a Pomgranat tree But in their accidents operations their liquors are alike as likewise they be in their admirable smels in the cure and healing of wounds in colour and substance seeing they report of other Balmes that there is some white vermillion greene and blacke the which is likewise seene in that of the Indies And as they drew forth the ancient in cutting and making incisions in the barke to cause the liquor to distill out so doe they with that at the Indies although it distils in greater abundance And as in the ancient there is one kinde which is pure the which they call Opobalsamum which be the verie teares that distill so as there is another sort which is not so exquisite the which they draw from the barke and leaues strained and boiled on the fire the which they call Xilobalssamum The like is also in the Indian Balmes there is one pure that distils from the tree and others that the Indians draw out by straining and boiling the leaues and wood The Apostolike Sea hath giuen libertie to giue Creame of Balme at the Indies and that they should vse it in Confirmation and other ceremonies which they vse Next to Balme Amber holds the second place it is another liquor which is likewise sweet and medicinall but more thicke and turnes into a paste of a hot complexion and a good perfume This Amber comes from new Spaine which hath that aduantage aboue other Prouinces in Gummes Liquors and juyce of Trees whereby they haue such abundance of matter for perfume and physicke as is the Animè whereof there comes great store Copal or Suchicopal which is another kinde Storax and Incense which haue excellent operations and haue a very good smell fit for fumigations Likewise the Tacamahaca and Cara●na which are also very medicinall They bring likewise from this Prouince oile of Aspicke which the Physicians and Painters vse much the one for plaisters the other to vernish their pictures They bring also for the Physicians Cassia fistula the which growes plentifully in Saint Dominique It is a great Tree which carries these Canes as his fruit They brought in the fleet wherein I came from Saint Dominique fortie eight Quintals of Cassia fistula Salcepareille is not lesse knowne for a thousand remedies wherein it is vsed There came in the same fleet fiftie Quintals from the same Iland There is much of this Salcepareille at Peru and most excellent in the Prouince of Guayaquil which is vnder the Line Many goe to be cured into this Prouince and it is the opinion of some that the pure water onely which they drinke giues them health for that it passeth by rootes as I haue said from whence it drawes this vertue so as there needes no great couering or garments to make a man sweat in that Countrie The wood of Guayac which they call Lignum sanctum or Indian wood growes abundantly in the same Ilands and is as heauie as Iron so as it presently sinkes in the water hereof they brought in the same fleet three hundred and fiftie Quintals and they might haue brought twentie yea a hundred thousand of this wood if there were vse for it There came in the same fleet and from the same Iland one hundred and thirtie Quintals of Bresil wood the which is fiery red so well knowne and much vsed in dying and other things There are at the Indies infinite numbers of other aromaticall Woods Gummes Oiles and Drugs so as it is not possible to name them all neither doth it now much import I say onely that in the time of the Kings Inguas of Cusco and the Mexicane Kings there were many great personages expert in curing of diseases with simples and did goodly cures hauing the knowledge of the many vertues and properties of Herbs Rootes Woods and Plants which grow there and whereof the Ancients of Europe haue had no knowledge There are a thousand of these simples fit to purge c. Woods are so many and great that it hath beene needfull passing through some parts of the Indies especially where they newly entred to make their way in cutting downe Trees and pulling vp Bushes so that as some religious men haue written that haue tried it they could not sometimes haue passed aboue a league in a day One of our brothers a man worthy of credit reported vnto vs that being strayed in the Mountaines not knowing which way hee should passe he fell among such thicke Bushes that hee was forced to goe vpon them without setting foot to the ground by the space of fifteen whole dayes and to see the Sunne or to marke some way in this thicke Forest full of wood hee was forced to climbe to the top of the highest Trees to discouer He that shall reade the discourse of his trauell how often he was lost and the wayes hee passed with the strange aduentures that happened vnto him the which I haue written briefly being so worthy the knowledge and hauing my selfe trauelled a little ouer the Mountaines at the Indies were it but the eighteene leagues betwixt Nombre de Dios and Panama may well iudge what great Forests there are So as hauing no winter in those parts to nip them with cold and the humiditie of the Heauens and Earth being so great as the Mountaines bring forth infinite Forests and the Playnes which they call Sauanas great plentie of grasse there is no want of Pasture for feeding of Timber for building nor of Wood for fuell It is impossible to set downe the differences and formes of so many wilde Trees for that the names of the greatest part are vnknowne Cedars in old time so much esteemed are there very common both for buildings and ships and they are of diuers sorts some white and some red very odoriferant There are great store of Bay trees very pleasant to behold vpon the Andes of Peru vpon the Mountaines in the Ilands of Nicaragua and in new Spaine There are also infinite numbers of Palmes and Ceiuas whereof the Indians make

libertie to hunt the Vicugnes and by this meanes they are much diminished The manner the Indians vse in their hunting they assemble many men together to the number of a thousand or two thousand yea more and inuironing a great circuit of wood they hunt their game vntill they haue compassed it in on all parts and by this meanes they commonly take three or foure hundred and so choosing what they lift they let goe the rest especially the Females for breede They are accustomed to sheere these beasts and of their fleece to make Couerings and Rugges of great value for that this wooll is like to white silke which lasts long and as the colour is naturall and not dyed so is it perpetuall The stuffes that are made of this wooll are very fresh and good in Summer and they hold them profitable for the inflammation of the reines and other parts tempering the excessiue heate This wooll hath the like vertue when it is made in Quilts and therefore some vse it to that end for the triall they haue made thereof They say moreouer that this wooll or couerings made thereof is physicall for other indispositions as for the gowt yet doe I not know that they haue made any certaine triall thereof The flesh of these Vicugnes is not good although the Indians eate it and drie it For the effects of physicke I will say what I haue seene vpon the Sierre of Peru comming one night into a Tambo or Inne being much afflicted with paine in mine eyes thinking they would fall out the which doth commonly happen in those parts for that they passe through places couered with snow which is the cause of this accident Being troubled with this paine and out of patience there came an Indian woman which said to me Father lay this to thine eyes and thou shalt bee cured It was a piece of the flesh of Vicugnes newly killed and all bloudie I vsed this medicine and presently the paine ceased and soone after went quite away Besides these Chacos which is the most common manner of hunting at the Indies they haue vsed another more priuate to take them which is that comming neere they doe cast certaine lines with plummets of lead which intangle their legges so as they cannot runne and by this meanes they take the Vicugne The chiefe reason why this beast is esteemed is by reason of the Bezars stone they finde in them whereof wee will intreate hereafter There is another kinde of beasts which they call Tarugues which likewise are wilde and more ni●ble then the Vicugnes They are greater of body and more hot They haue soft eares and hanging they goe not in troupes as tke Vicugnes I haue not seene them but alone and most commonly in high places They also draw Bezars stones from these Tarugues which are greater and haue more operation and vertue There is nothing at Peru of greater riches and profit then the Cattell of the Country which our men call Indian Sheepe and the Indians in their generall language call them Lama For all things well considered it is a beast of the greatest profit and least charge of any that I know from them they draw meate and clothing as from the sheepe of Spaine Moreouer they haue the benefit to carry all things they haue need of vsing them to beare their burthens and they haue no need either of shooes or saddles nor yet of oates but he serueth his Master for nought feeding on the grasse he findes in the fields so as God hath furnished them of Sheepe and Mares and all in one beast And as it is a poore Nation so would hee in this point free them from charge for that there is much pasture vpon the Sierre and this kinde of Cattell hath no need of any other charge There are two kindes of these Sheepe or Lamas the one they call Pacos or sheepe bearing wooll and the others are bare and haue little wooll so are they better for burthen they are bigger then great Sheepe and lesse then Calues they haue a very long necke like to a Camel whereof they haue good need for being high of stature they haue need of a long necke else should they be deformed They are of diuers colours some all white others all blacke some grey and some spotted which they call Moromoro The Indians had great superstitions in choosing the beasts for sacrifices of what colour they should bee according to the diuersitie of Seasons and Sacrifices Their flesh is good although it be hard but that of their Lambs is the better and the most delicate that can be eaten yet they eate not many for that the chiefe fruit and profit they yeeld is their wooll to make clothes and their seruice to carry burdens The Indians make stuffes of this wooll wherewith they clothe themselues the one is grosse and common which they call Hanaca and the other fine and delicate which they call Cumbi they make Carpets and Couerings and other exquisite workes which last long and haue a very faire lustre like halfe silke and that which is most rare is their manner of weauing their workes being both sides alike so as you shall not finde any end in a whole piece The Ingua King of Peru had many chiefe workmen to make this worke of Cumbi and the which for the most part were resident in the Prouince of Capachica ioyning to the great Lake of Titicaca They die this wooll into diuers fine colours with sundrie kindes of herbs whereof they make many sorts of workes both course and fine All the Indians both men and women worke in the Sierre and haue their Loomes in their houses hauing no need to buy any stuffes for their necessarie vses Of the flesh of these sheepe they make Cuscharg●i or dryed flesh the which will last very long whereof they make great account They are accustomed to driue troupes of these sheepe with burthens and to goe in bands three hundred fiue hundred yea a thousand in a companie with Wine Mays Coca Chuno Quick-siluer and all other kindes of merchandise and of Siluer which is the best of all They carry barres of Siluer from Potozi to Ariqua which is three score and ten leagues I haue often wondered to see these troupes of sheepe laden with a thousand or two thousand barres of Siluer and much more which is aboue three hundred thousand ducats without any other guard or resort then some Indians which serue onely to guide these sheepe and to lade and vnlade them or at the most some few Spaniards and they sleepe all night in the middest of the fields without other guard and yet in so long a way and so weake a guard they neuer finde want or losse of any thing in so great a treasure of Siluer so safe is the way in Peru. The burthen which one of these sheepe doth commonly carry is of foure or sixe Arrobes when their voyage is long they goe not aboue

two three or foure leagues at the most on a day Those that guide those troupes haue their ordinarie lodgings where they are assured to haue water and pasture and there they vnlade and set vp their Tents making fire and dressing their meates which is not painfull although it be a flegmatike and slow manner of trauell When there is but one dayes iourney one of these sheepe will beare eight Arrobes in weight or more and beares this burthen eight or ten leagues in a day as the poore Souldiers were wont to doe when they marched through Peru. This kinde of Cattell delights most in a cold aire and for this cause they liue vpon the Sierre and die in the Lanos by reason of the heate Sometimes these sheepe are all couered with Ice and frost and yet they continue sound and well The bare sheepe are pleasant to behold for they will stay vpon the way raysing vp their necks and will looke vpon any one very wistly and so they remaine a long time without moouing or any shew of feare which giueth occasion of laughter seeing them thus to stand And yet sometimes they doe grow amazed sodainly and runne away with their burthens euen to the highest Rocks so as not being able to come vnto them they are constrayned to kill them with an Harquebuze lest they should lose their barres of Siluer which they sometimes carry The Pacos will grow reastie vnder their burthens lying down and will endure to be cut in a thousand pieces before they will rise when this humor takes them wherof the prouerb growes in Peru to say that one is reastie to signifie he is obstinate for that when any of these beasts is moodie it is with excesse the remedie they haue is to stay and sit downe by the Paco making much on him vntill the fit be past and that he rise and sometimes they are forced to stay two or three houres They haue a disease like to scabs which they call Carache whereof they commonly die The Ancients had a remedie to burie them quicke that had the Carache lest they should infect the rest being a very contagious disease and goes from one to another An Indian that hath one or two of these sheepe is not reputed poore for one of them is worth sixe or seuen pieces of assay and more according to the time and places The Bezaars stone is found in all these beasts before mentioned which are proper to Peru whereof some Authors of our time haue written whole bookes which they may reade that desire to haue a more particular knowledge For the present subiect it shall be sufficient to say that this stone which they call Bezaar is found in the stomacke and belly of this beast sometimes one alone sometimes two three and foure They are very different in forme greatnesse and colour for that some are small like Filberds and lesse others like Walnuts some like Pidgeons egges and others as bigge as a Hens egge and I haue seene some as bigge as an Orange in forme some are round others in fashion like to Lentils and many other formes For their colour some are blacke some white some grey darke greene and others as if they had beene gilded It is no certaine rule to iudge the best and most fine by the colour or forme All these stones are made and fashioned of diuers films and skins one vpon another In the Prouince of Xaura and other Prouinces of Peru they finde these stones in diuers kindes of beasts both wilde and tame as in the Guanacos Pacos Vicugnes and Tarugues some adde an other kinde which they say are wilde Goates which the Indians call Cypris These other kindes of beasts are very well known in Peru whereof we haue alreadie discoursed The Guanacos or Countrie sheepe or Pacos haue commonly the lesser stones and blacke neither are they so much approued for the vse of physicke They draw the greatest Bezaar stones from the Vicugnes and they are grey or white or of a darke greene which are held for the better They esteeme those of the Tarugues for the most excellent whereof there are some reasonable bigge they are commonly white inclining to grey and they haue the filmes commonly bigger and thicker then the rest They finde the Bezaar stone equally both in Male and Female All beasts that ingender it chaw the cuid and commonly feede vpon the Snow and Rocks The Indians report and teach by tradition from their Fathers and Ancients that in the Prouince of Xaura and in other Prouinces of Peru there are many herbs and venemous beasts which poison the water and the pastures where they eate and drinke and where they breathe amiddest which venemous herbs there is one very well knowne of the Vicugne by a naturall instinct and of other beasts that ingender the Bezaar stone which eate this herbe and by meanes thereof they preserue themselues from the poisoned waters and pastures and they say that of this herbe the stone is compounded in the stomacke whence it drawes all the vertue against poison and other wonderfull effects This is the opinion and tradition of the Indians discouered by men of great experience in the Kingdome of Peru which agrees with reason and with that which Plinie reports of the Mountaines Goats which are nourished and fed vpon poison without suffering any harme The Indians being demanded why the Sheepe Kine Goats and Calues such as are in Castile haue not the Bezaar stone seeing that they feede on the same Rocks their answere is That they beleeue not that those beasts of Castile eate of that herbe or that they haue found the Bezaar stone in Stags and fallow Deere This seemes to agree with our knowledge for that in new Spaine they finde the Bezaar stone although there be no Vicugnes Pacos Tarugues nor Guanacos but onely Stags in some of which they finde these stones One thing is worthy admiration that they grow and are fashioned vpon very strange things as vpon the tagge of a Point vpon a Pin or a piece of Wood which they finde in the centre of this stone and yet doe they not hold it false for that the beast might swallow it and the stone thicken vpon it and growes one vpon another and so it increaseth I did see in Peru two stones fashioned vpon Pignons of Castile which made vs to wonder much for that in all Peru wee had not seene any Pines or Pignons of Castile if they were not brought from Spaine which seemes to mee very extraordinarie This little may suffice touching the Bezaars stone They bring other physicall stones from the Indies as the stone of Hyiada or of Rate the bloud stone the stones of Milke and of the Sea Those which they call Cornerinas for the Heart whereof there is no neede to speake hauing nothing common with the subiect of beasts whereof wee haue intreated which giues vs to vnderstand how the great Master and Author of all hath imparted his benefits