⧠A philosophicall discourse Entituled The Anatomie of the minde Nevvlie made and set forth by T. R. ⧠Imprinted at London by I. C. for Andrew Maunsell dvvelling in Paules Church yarde at the signe of the Parret 1576. ¶ To the right worshipfull Master Christopher Hatton Esquier capitane of the Queens Maiesties Guard and one of the Gentlemen of her Priueie Chamber Thomas Rogers vvisheth the true felicitie of this life and in heauen fellowshippe amonge the Saintes of God. TRuly and commonly is it saide right vvorshipful such prince such people such superiors such subiectes For so do men frame themselues conforme their manners as they see others placed in cheife seate of auctority as it vvere to the vevve and sight of all men addict themselues thinkinge that to bee vvell donne vvhich is donne by example And therfore as a good prince by the example of goodnes bringeth vnspeakeable commodities so an euill prince by the example of vvickednes causeth infinit calamities in his realme and contrie Xerxes most sauedgelie set his vvhole delight in pleasure by vvhose example the Babylonians in naughtines exceeded all men and in beastlinesse the brutish kinde Nero contemned Philosophie excelled in Musick vvhich made better learning among the Romans to decaye most men became Musicians These vvallowed in vvantonnes and their subiects follovved in vvickednes Ptolomeie vvas studious and preferred the virtues of the minde before the vanities of the vvorlde But vvhat came thereof His subiestes the Aegyptians proued the most profounde in the liberall sciences If Englishmen at this daye be not onely famous for all good lerninge but zelous in deede in good religion vvhat maruell Our noble prince is both vvell learned in humâ—ne literature and vvell liued through diuine scripture She doth embrace all godlynes her people through her example encrease in holines Of vvhose most excellente virtues notvvithstanding the boddy of her vvhole realme do sauor and asvvell tovvne as citty contrie as vniuersity are bettered by them yet doth her Maiesties most noble Court more shine through them then any parte of her kingdome As may vvitnes her so graue so godly counsailers her so prudent so vigilant officers her so faithfull so trustie attenders vppon her person Amongst vvhome as your vvorship is not leaste gratious in her princely fauor so are you not leaste glorious in the sight of the multitude For hovv can it be but he must nedes delight a faithfull people vvhich so doth like a famous prince The Lodestone by nature dravves Iron vnto it All good qualities by nature vvinne the harts of the multitude But that Lodestone hath greatest virtue vvhich hath the siluer color But those qualities adorned vvith the goodes of nature and fortune get most good vvill The diamonde though placed in Iron is of great value Virtue though in the minde of baseste for condition is very commendable But nothing doth so set out the Diamonde as doth the Golde But virtue is then most vvondred at vvhen it is in him vvhiche for auctoritie is of povver and for deserte in fauoure vvith the best VVorthy sir vvhat your happy estate hath vvrought in others no hard thing it is to coniecture vvhat it doth in me by this my dedication it may be gathered For vvere it not I perceiued an especiall excellencie in your vvorship vvhich deserueth an especiall fame more then in many I could not leauâ—â—g all reserue the patronage of myâ—â—st frutes of studie by an especiall prerogatiue to you alone The vvorke I confesse to be far vnworthy so vvorthy a patroÌ„ notvvithstanding because those things be they of nature neuer so simple for value neuer so contemptible are of contrimen vvell soughte for vvhich are of courtiers vvell accepted and of inferiors vvell bought vvhich are of superiors vvel estemed I thought it best humblie to offer the same vnto him vvhich is in courte of suche auctority as in contry he can do much euery vvhere of such countenance as no vvhere that vvilbe misliked vvhich is anye thinge liked of his vvisedome Receiue then I beseech you in good part this rude Anatomie at his hands vvho vvisheth vnto your vvorship as much accesse of promocioÌ„ in this life ioyes in heauen as he vvhich is most desirous of your eternal felicity vvhich if you do I doubt not but that vvil be vvelcome to others vvhich is vvell receiued of so vvorthy a man. Your Worships most humble at commoundement Tho. Rogers ⧠Iosua Hutten to the Booke SMall book vnfold the sence of things obscure resolue this doubt that in my brest is bred Apolloes bayes are thine deserued sure if thou arigt canst hit the naile on th'hed ¶ Vpon a Hat black Veluet passing pure with Plumes of white and those aduanced hie An Dutch I saw whose glory did allure and captiue led the fancye of mine eye In feelde of gréene was borne a Diamonde of largenes rare of valure infinite Proportioned iust circulare and round no earthly thing so perfect cleer to sight In midst wherof all Sable did insue these letters TEN déepe grauen there A thousand wings of Golde that euer flue grew on this stone the same aloft to beare For Crest a Crown of starres I did discry with Labels azure down dependant déepe This this hath made such conquest of mine eye that all my powers it doâ—th for Captiues kéep By day in traunce my thoughts are set theron by night my dreames the like effect doo bring In company or otherwise alone my busied hed stil runnes vpon this thing Wherfore good Book the sence heerof disâ—â—ay the meaning of this misterie make plaâ—â— Vnbinde this knot and take this Veile away that thou thy praise and I my rest may gain ¶ This Diamond what dooth it signifie ¶ The minde the most renowmed parte of man ¶ Why is it rownd B. Because it cannot die whome force nor fire nor time diminish can ¶ Why hath it wiÌ„gs B. For that in momeÌ„ts space it sounds the deapth it trauels Sea and land It mounts to heauen euen to the hiest place and down again with turning of the hand ¶ Why is it so incomparable cléer ¶ That serues to shew the purenes of the state Wherin it did once Angellike appéere when as the Lord at first did it create ¶ Those letters what B. CoÌ„sider how they souÌ„d TEN is the woord a certain number set For number numberlesse of things there found which long ago there purchaste place did get For first the minde before olde Adams fall from Preturbations all was perfect frée But after Motions and affections all and passions caÌ„e which now there dwelling bée ¶ Why is it set in féelde of grassye Greene ¶ â—ll flesh is grasse the Prophet dooth vs tel The pomp therof like flowers that fading béene such is mans body wher the minde dooth dwel ¶ Tâ—e Crest Labels tel me what they showe ¶ The iust rewarde that neuer shall decay That faythful mindes
is saide to to talke chastly which talketh properly of any thing whose wordes are pure without affectation or vsuall in common spéeche or approued of the beste Nowe Pudicitia is more stricte and dothe not stretch so farre because it is referred onely to the vnpollutinge of the boddye as the thinge whiche in no case wyll suffer the boddye to be defiled So that it séemeth to be a kinde of Chastety For Chastety is the rule or patrone howe a man maye leade an honest and vertuous conuersation But Pudicitia is onely about Veneriall matters Bothe of these vertues haue brought greate renowne to men as women but espetially they adorne women and in tyme paste to bee endued with Chastitie for that shall comprehende the other hath bene thought no small commendation Which appeareth by the great care whiche in tymes past women haue had of keeping theyr good name supposing them selues hauing that to be well enough though they had nothing and againe without that though they had all thing yet was it coumpted of them as nothing This made Lucretia not for to care for this worlde after that her boddie was once defiled We reade of certaine Spartane Virgins in nomber fiftie being sent for theyr health sake to the Messanians among whome after they had soiorned a whyle they were marueylouslye prouoked vnto whoredome but they calling into minde the pretiousnesse of Maidenhoode rather choase to bée slaine then once would condescende to theyr desires so that of those fiftie not one was founde which woulde yéelde her selfe to the luste of the Messanians We reade also of a Theban mayde which being much allured vnto copulation by Nicanor in whose power she was for he had brought Thebes and all the inhabitantes thereof into seruitude rather then she would graunt vnto his wicked request tooke a sworde and slewe her selfe Methridates a king of Pontus being ouercome of the Romanes kept him selfe cloase from the sight of all men and because his daughter named Diripentina was troubled with sicknesse and therefore coulde not depart with him he committed her vnto the custodie of one Menophilo an Eunuche which kept a castle named Gynorium It happened that by the carefulnesse and diligence of Menophilo she recouered her selfe Nowe the Romanes persecuting Methridates came and besieged his castle gouerned by the Eunuch which perceyuing that his power was not long to kéepe the castle from his enemies and againe callinge to minde the vnmercifulnesse of his aduersaries whiche without all pittye woulde misuse all suche as came in theyr clawes espetially those of whome Methridates did make most acoumpte and aboue all tendringe the honestie of Diripentina was in minde that of them the Romanes should neuer haue theyr wyll And therefore tooke a sworde and killed her whose Chastetie was his care and afterwarde berefte him selfe of lyfe The chastety of the wiues of the Tentorians was wonderfull for after that C. Marius had subdued and slaine theyr husbandes and they by theyr sute could not obtaine to bée ascribed among the Vestall virgins shortly after eache of them tooke anhaulter and so doubtinge least they shoulde not kéepe them selues frée from the assaultes of carnall men honge them selues Pythagoras had a daughter excellent well learned which dyd not onely professe chastetie in common scholes but also all her lyfe tyme most chastely behaued her selfe and neuer knewe man Great was the modestie of Armenia wife vnto Tygranes For being once at a banquet with her husbande at the house of King Cyrus where euerye boddie much commended Cyrus for his comlynesse of person her husbande after they were returned home asked her what shée thought of Cyrus maiestie in countenaunce Truely aunswered shée I am able to saye nothing for I neuer caste mine eyes from you all the banquet whyle But that example whiche followeth is more strange Hiero a Syracusane king reprehended of one of his acquaintance because of his stinking breath aunswered that before that tyme he neuer knewe so much being returned home be fell a chiding with his wyfe because shee neuer woulde séeke remedie therefore or at the least geue him to vnderstande of the same His wife aunswered him in this manner Haue patience my husbande for truely I alwayes dyd perswade my selfe that all men had the same disease else be assured you shoulde haue had intelligence and also be cured therof The effectes of chastitie haue bene verye strange Aemylia a virgin was iudged of the Romanes to be scarce honest which when it came to her eares shée prayed vnto Vesta after this maner Vesta thou preseruer of this noble cittie Rome if I for this thirtie yeares which tyme I haue geuen mine attendance about thy rites and ceremonies If I saye I haue bene faithfull vnto thée as becommeth a virgin geue some token of the same that all the Romanes maye witnesse what I am When she had thus prayed she cast one of her garmentes bounde vp together vppon the altar which without any fyre was enflamed and burnte so that afterwardes they neuer brought newe fire but they founde some continually vppon the altar Claudia lykewise another of the virgins of Vesta being supposed to bée incontinent and by any meanes could not bring the rude multitude from iudging sinisterly of her by the lyke miracle purged her selfe and proued that she was for conuersation honest For on a tyme a ship loaden with hollye things pertayning to the goddesse Idea so was grounded in Tyber that by no strength it coulde be set a floate Claudia hearing of the same with speede came to the riuer and there with bended knees and humblenesse of harte beseeched Vesta that as shee knew her cleare from all fellowship of man so it might be knowne to all men that shee was a pure and vnspotted virgin Her prayer tooke effecte And that ship which by the force of many could not be remoued followed her and shee drewe the same with great facilitie out of the riuer So that her accusers were ashamed of them selues and shee was obeyed as a princesse reuerenced as a goddesse all her life tyme Such hath bene the force of this vertue We wyll recite one example more as much talked of as the other Tuscia one of the same order of Vesta heard very much to her defamation and therefore shoulde be expelled the colledge of virgins for none might sacrifice vnto Vesta but such as were knowne to bée of good conuersation which dyd not a lyttle trouble her And because her conscience bare her witnesse that the rumor raysed was false as the other aboue recited Aemylia and Claudia shée beséeched Vesta in pittifull sort that her innocencie might by some way or other be made knowne vnto all the worlde espetially that if to her profession shée had behaued her selfe shée prayed that without spylling one drop she might carrie a fyue full of water from Tyber vnto Vestas chappell which thing shée
obtayned and not shéeding so much as one droppe in a thing full of hoales shée carried water So that these women these chaste women maye aunswere vnto those continent men brought forth in the former chapter Yet wyll I ad vnto those virgins the example of one or two men whiche haue bene no lesse wondered at then the former Scipio for his chastitie was so praysed that euen the moste wicked and fardest from all consideration of honestie namely pirates came a long and a perilous viage to honor him which all the worlde dyd so commende Such as he was such was his friendes And therefore that made his déere friend and familiar Laelius so to be praysed It is reported of him that in all his lyfe he neuer knew but one woman and that was his wife A strange thing in those dayes I wyll not saye in our tyme The chastitie of Ptolomeus Tryphon was such that he woulde not so much as talke with a woman least by her bewtie hée should bée allured vnto Venerie And therefore on a tyme perceauing a bewtifull dame to come towardes him for communication sake Hée sayde vnto her that his sister warned him from speaking vnto any fayre woman and therefore desired her to holde him excused He might bée iudged by his wordes of some not to bée very wyse but whatsoeuer his wordes séeme to bée his meaninge was good and woulde as muche as in him laye shunne all occasions of future griefe And thus muche for this part of Temperance ¶ Of Honestie Cha. 23. HOnesty or that which is Honeste is diuersly defined of diuers men For Aristotle supposeth that for to bée honest of whiche our good name depends by which wée purchase credite among men And that agréeth to the saying of those whiche saye that that is honeste which by popular or common spéeche is praise worthy Plato and those of hys opinion call that honest which of it selfe without any other externall thing what soeuer is commendable Cicero is of their minds and geues the same definicion By which it is euident that honestie is eyther vertue it selfe or a thing done by vertue altogether And therefore we define Honesty in this wise and say that it is a free election of the minde to doo those things which are agréeing to the rule of vertue Contrary to this Honestie is fylthinesse or dishonestie Cicero sayeth that nothing can make men so miserable as wickednesse and impietie And therefore applying the same his wordes vnto himselfe in another place he sayth That he doth nothing but warre against dishonest and wicked persons Whereby he seemeth to preferre Temperance before Prudence spirituall matters before corporall and the consolation of the soule before the commodities of the boddie And therein hee doeth not swerue from that which God in his holy scripture commaundeth and Saint Paule earnestly doth exhort vnto Quintilian also in this point sheweth him selfe to be the faithful seruaunt of God for he sayth that the diuine prouidence hath geuen this gifte vnto man that by honestie he maye best profite Nowe if any be delighted with honestie let him geue eare as to these nowe mentioned so to heathen I had almost sayd heauenly and I maye saye very well heauenly Isocrates For I haue exhortations out of Gods booke For it were a labor infinite to recite them pertaining to a professed diuine not to mee in this matter which depend only vpon those things wherewith man by nature is adorned and therefore the exhortations and examples of wise Philosophers endued onely with naturall reason I meane to recite who writeth in this wyse To honestie you shall be maruelouslye bent if you doo but remember the pleasures cōming from the same to be continual not transitory and againe if you consider the pleasures springing from dishoneste thinges to be mingled with griefe and vexation The pleasure passeth but the paine abideth This honestie of the auncient Grecians was had in such price that they dyd flie all occasion of euyll and that by publike aucthoritie And therefore they banished out of theyr citties all Poets and Players because that in theyr Enterludes they did both speake that which was not seemely and by gesture shewed that which was dishonest The lyke we reade was done of the Romanes Contrary to those are the deuillishe and detestable Corinthians which so bende them selues to all impuritie of lyfe that they worship and geue honor vnto the president of all impietie named Cotys her they worship to her they doo sacrifice euen as though all those sparkes of vertue which Aristotle sayeth are naturally in all men were altogether quenched in them But let vs abhorre them as odious to good men and accursed before God and geue eare vnto those worthy sayinges of Cicero Quintilian and Isocrates and with the auncient Grecians flie all occasions of dishonestie There was sometyme a pretie dialogue betwéene Socrates a Philosopher and Callistes an harlot Callistes woulde proue that shée excelled Socrates Her argument which shee vsed was because that shee when shée was disposed coulde drawe from him all his auditors but so coulde not Socrates from her To whome thus aunswered Socrates And no maruaile Callistes for thou allurest vnto wickednesse to which the waye is readdie but I adhorte to vertue whose waye is harde to finde This point wee wyll not prolong but with the saying of Lactantius conclude the same His words be these He whose desire is to lyue well in the worlde to come for euer shal for a time liue wretchedly and be troubled with many molestations as longe as he shall be in this earth a pilgrime that so hee maye receaue a diuine and euerlasting comfort And he which choseth to lyue well for a tyme shall for euer lyue vnquietly for he shal be damned by the iudgement of god His words are plaine and showes that honesty is ioyned with misery wickednesse with all kind of felicity but misery which for honesty we suffer shal be turned to euerlasting comfort and that felicity gotten by dishonesty into perpetuall ¶ Of Moderation Cap. 24. A Companion of Honestie is Moderation which dooth so measure all our actions that it will not suffer vs to passe the bounds prescribed by Honestie or come short of them for as in running to go beyond the mark is great rashnes so almoste not to passe the standing is as much faintnes Antomedon Achilles wagoner is therfore much commended because he droue the same not ouer hastely nor yet ouer slowly but with a moderate swiftnes all was euē from the best to get the praise But nigher to our purpose Pomponius Atticus abooue al men is praised for his singuler moderation in all his matters Especially because in all the ciuill dissention betwéene Caesar and Pompey he alone as ignorant or at the least was not troubled He tooke no parte and therfore was wel liked of