Selected quad for the lemma: virtue_n

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virtue_n	dram_n	half_a	ounce_n	2,026	5	9.7827	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A28326	Blagrave's supplement or enlargement to Mr. Nich. Culpeppers English physitian containing a description of the form, names, place, time, coelestial government, and virtues, all such medicinal plants as grow in England, and are omitted in his book, called, The English-physitian, and supplying the additional virtues of such plants wherein he is defective : also the description, kinds, names, place, time, nature, planetary regiment, temperature, and physical virtues of all such trees, herbs, roots, flowers, fruits, excrescencies of plants, gums, ceres, and condensate juices, as are found in any part of the world, and brought to be sold in our druggist and apothecaries shops, with their dangers and corrections / by Joseph Blagrave ... ; to which is annexed, a new tract for the cure of wounds made by gun-shot or otherways, and remedies for the help of seamen troubled with the scurvy and other distempers ...	Blagrave, Joseph, 1610-1682.; Culpeper, Nicholas, 1616-1654. English physician.	1674 (1674)	Wing B3121; ESTC R15907	274,441	310

they are green and less when they are dry yet the decoction of them or the Infusion of them in broth although dryed and taken whole worketh effectually which Fuschius denyeth and affirmeth that they bind rather they serve to cool any intemperate heat of the Stomach or liver and therefore are good in hot Agues and to purge choler whereof they come Mathiolus saith that ten drams or twelve at the most of the pulp of Sebestens taken from the skins and stones worketh aswel and to as good purpose as the pulp of Cassia Fistula They are very effectual also to lenifie the hoarsness and roughness of the throat they help the Cough and wheasing of the Lungs Cough Wheasing Lungs and distillations upon them by lenifying of the passages and causing much phlegm to be avoided They also give ease to such as are troubled with pains in their Sides Pains in the Sides Sharpness of Vrine Choler Worms and marvelously help those that are troubled with heat in their Urine and sharpness thereof proceeding from Choler or Salt phlegm they also drive forth the long worms of the belly There is a kind of Birdlime made of these fruits by boyling them a little in water to take away the skins and stones and afterwards boyling them more to a Consistence the which as saith Mathiolus was used at Venice to catch Birds but Alpinus saith they use it in Aegypt as a plaister to dissolve hard tumors or swellings Sena or Purging Sene. Kinds THere are two sorts of this purging Sena-tree differing very little between themselves as also three or four bastard-sorts more churlish than the other in working Descript 1. Sene of Alexandria Sena Alexandrina This Sene groweth not above a Cubit high with slender branches set with many leavs together on a rib somewhat like unto Liquorish being narrow and pointed which being dryed and brought over unto us if they be fresh will smell very like unto fresh new-made Hay The flowers stand at the tops of the branches one above another being as Mathiolus saith of a yellow colour like to the flowers of Coleworts after which come crooked thin husks fashioned somewhat like an half-moon in the middle part whereof grow flat seeds like unto Grape-kernels but of a blackish green colour and somewhat flat the whole Plant perisheth every year Descript 2. The Sene of Italy Sena Italica This Sena differeth in no other thing from the former but in the form of the leaves which are not so narrow-pointed but broader and rounder which difference is plainly to be discerned by comparing the leaves of that Sena which cometh from Alexandria with that which groweth in Italy Place and Time The first groweth in Arabia Felix and in Syria and is brought to Alexandria in Egypt as other things are which from thence is transported unto all other Countreys The other Mathiolus saith was in his time frequently sown in the Duke of Florence his Dominion in Italy Government and Virtues These are Plants of Mercury the leaves of Sene howsoever used are a safe and gentle purger aswel made into powder and the weight of a dram thereof taken in wine or ale or broth fasting as the Infusion of half an ounce in wine or ale for a night or the decoction of half an ounce or if need be of six drams with some other herbs or roots but because they are somewhat windy a few Anniseeds or Fennel-seeds and a little Ginger is to be added unto them to correct that evil quality And then they purge melancholy Choler and phlegm Melancholy Choler Flegm from the head and brain the lungs and heart the liver and Spleen Head and Brain Lungs Heart and Liver Spleen Stomach cleansing all those parts of such evil humours as by possessing them are the causes of those diseases incident unto them and comforting the Stomach especially if some cordial or stomachical helper be put into it Mesnes saith it hurteth the stomach but Monardus and Mathiolus deny it can do so in regard that Sena hath somewhat a bitter taste partaking of heat and dryness all which qualities are known rather to strengthen the stomach than to trouble or weaken it it strentheneth the senses both of sight and hearing and procureth mirth by taking away that evil humor Sight Hearing Myrth Obstructions Bowels which was the inward cause of sadness in the mind opening the obstructions of the bowels and causing a fresh and lively habit in the body prolonging youth and keeping back old age divers things are added hereunto to quicken the working hereof and to make it the more effectual As Rubarb Agarick Cassia Fistula Dracon Syrrup of Roses c. according as the nature of the disease age strength and necessity of the Patient do require Serapio saith it wonderfully helpeth such as are distracted of their senses by the extremity of fits in Agues or other diseases which makes them rave Raving idle talking Falling-Sickness Headach Palsy● Lowsie-Evil or talk idly The Epilepsie or the falling-sickness head-ach Palsie the Lowsie Evil all sorts of Itches Scabs Wheals or Pushes Sena is a good-Ingredient to put into a Bag for purging Ale to be taken in the Spring of the year not only for the forementioned diseases but to cleanse the bloud from all sharp humours mixed or running therewith purging-Prunes and purging-Currans are made herewith by boyling Sena and some opening herbs or roots with some Anniseed Fennel-seed Cynamon Ginger and Cloves some of these or all of them a little quantity and according to the proportion of the Prunes or Currans being set to stew with the decoction of the Sena and the other things above specified this doth open the body and purge the humours above-specified But because the Decoction of Sena is too unpleasant to weak and render stomachs the Infusion thereof for a night in warm Embers is much less offensive but no less purging In that Infusion while it is warm you may dissolve some Manna or put into it some Syrrup of Roses and so take it Cassia Fistula may be drawn with the Decoction of Sena corrected as aforesaid and so given of it self or made into a bole with Rubarb powdered or with the powder of Sene leaves and a little Anniseeds and Fennel-seeds together The Lye wherein Sene and Camomile-flowers have been boyled is good to comfort and strengthen a weak brain Brains Sight Hearing Sinews shrunk Cold Cramps Itch. as also the sight and hearing if the head be washed therewith The same lye is also profitable for Sinews that are shrunk or stiff with cold or Cramps to warm comfort and extend them and to cleanse the body of the Itch being washed therewith Seasamum Names Descript IT is called the oyly purging pulse Sesamum and Sesama in Latine Upon the first springing up of this Plant from the seed it riseth up with four long small and somewhat broad leaves between which come forth others that when they are full grown are as large

the gum-Mastick doth bind stay fluxes in like manner taken any way in powder or if 3 or 4 grains of it be swallowed whole at night when you go to bed it not onely easeth pains of the Stomack Stomack but keepeth it from the like afterwards the powder of Mastick with Amber and Turpentine is good against the running of the Reins Reins and to stay the Whites Whites and Redds Redds in Women The powder of Mastick mixed with conserve of red Roses is good to stay distillations of thin Rhumes falling upon the Lungs which causeth a continual Cough and spitting of Bloud And if some white Frankincense in powder be mixed therewith also it will be more effectual It comforteth the Brain procureth an Appetite to meat stayeth Vomiting and makes the Breath sweet Mastick being heated in Wine and the Mouth and gums washed with it cleanseth them from corruption and fastneth the Teeth It is much used in Salves and plaisters to cleanse and heal Ulcers and Sores and to stay the flowing of humors unto them and dryeth them up and filleth up their hollowness It comforteth a king joints and sinews being applied thereunto There is an oyl made thereof by infusion and ebullition which is singular good against all the aforesaid diseases and doth moderately comfort bind and mollifie and is effectual against diseases of the Mother the Chollick Mother chollick and pains in the Stomack and Belly Stomack Belly pains of the Joints and sinews and hardness of Tumors tumors Sinews It comforteth the Brain Brain Memory and strengtheneth the Liver and Heart Liver Heart There is also a pure Chymical oyl drawn from Mastick one drop whereof is more effectual then an ounce of the former for all the purposes aforesaid The Lemon-tree or Lemons Names THere are several sorts of Lemons some great others small some having very thick and rugged peels and some very smooth some are of a wild juice others sharp and some very tart and crabbed which alterations may be made both by the Soil and place where they grow or are planted 1. The ordinary Lemon-tree is called Malus Limonia acida vulgaris 2. Malus Limonia acida cortice tenui the thin rin'd sower Lemon 3. Malus Limonia acida fructu rotundo The sower round Lemon 4. Malus Limonia dulcis major The greater sweet Lemon 5. Malus Limonia dulcis minor The lesser sweet Lemon or Civil Lemon 6. Malus Lemonia Silvestris minima The least wild Lemon-tree Descript 1. The ordinary Lemon-tree groweth great and high with great Arms and slender branches with long greenish thorns the leaves are long like unto Bay-leaves but dented about the edges and full of holes the flowers are white and sweet the fruit long and round of a pale yellow colour and the rind rugged and uneven the juice is sharp Descript 2. All the difference between this and the former is this that the other is bigger the rind is of a fine pale yellow colour and smoother then the other and thinner full of a pleasant sharp juice with seeds amongst it as the other hath Descript 3. The tree that beareth the round Lemons is in all things like the last onely in this that it hath few or no thornes upon it and the fruit is like it having a thin rind but is somewhat rounder with a small Crown at the head Descript 4. The greater sweet Lemon is greater then any other of the former Lemons the rind is more smooth and yellower and the juice more sweet and pleasant Descript 5. This Lemon is of the same size as the thin-rinded sower Lemons and so like that it is hard by the outside to know one from the other but this hath a little deeper coloured rind and the juice of a sweet pleasant taste with a little sharpeness Descript 6. The least wild Lemon groweth wild in Syria and Egypt and heareth very smal fruit no bigger then Pigeons Eggs. Place These Lemons are brought unto us from Spain and several of their Islands Time They hold their leaves on alwayes green are never without blossomes green and ripe fruit at all times throughout the year Government and Vertues The Lemons are Solar yet of different parts and contrary effects it is of good use to resist poison Venome or Infection Venome Infection an ounce and an half of the juice of unripe Lemons drunk in Wine cleanseth the Kidneys of the Stone and gravel and killeth Worms Stone Worms in the body and driveth them forth An Antidote against the Plague or any malignant or contagious disease is thus prepared Take 4 ounces of the pure juice of Lemons steep therein an Angel of Gold or the weight thereof in leaf Gold the space of four and twenty hours then take out the Gold or draw the juice dear from it and give some of it in a draught of Wine with a little of the powder of Angelica-root unto any infected with the plague and if there be any hopes of recovery it will help them The juice of sweet Lemons is neither so cooling nor operative as the other The distilled water drawn from the inner pulpe or white substance of the Lemons cleareth the skin and Face from Freckles and Spots Freokles Spots provokes Urine expels the Stone being drunk and helpeth the running Scab Stone Scabs kills Lice in the Head the Worms Lice Wormes in the hands or Nose and Wheals Wheales or pushes in the skin The juice of Lemons is good for Seamen and others in Voyages at Sea to put into their Beverage to keep them from the Scurvy whereunto long voyages much subject their bodies and also to quench thirst in hot Countries But I need not teach the Seamen to make a bowl of punch but pray they may at no time want materials An excellent remedy for Scabs and Itch. Take a Lemon and cut it through the middle and cast thereon some fine powder of Brimstone then rost him either against the fire or under the Embers as you do a Warden-Pear and therewith rub the parts troubled with Itch or Scabs It is also the best most soveraign and clear remedy to destroy those pediculi inguinales vulgarly called Crab-lice the parts afflicted with them being rubbed therewith Line or Linden-tree Kinds and Names OF the Line-tree there are accounted two sorts the Male and the Female and of the Female also two sorts the greater and the lesser It is called in Latine Tilia Descript 1. Tilia mas the Male Line groweth to be a great tree with large spreading boughs but not so much as the Female nor so flexible but harder and more brittle and of a thicker bark the leaves are like unto Elder-leaves but smaller and longer and on every one for the most part grow small bladders full for Worms which turn into flyes which being ripe do fly away This tree seldom beareth either flower or fruit yet when it doth bear it is round flat husks

Calefar and in some place Chanque Government and Virtues The Cloves are under the solar influence of temperature hot dry in the third degree they comfort the Head ●nd Heart Head Heart Liver stomack Wind Vrine strengthen the Liver and Stomack and all ●nward parts that want heat they help digestion ●reak Wind and provoke Urine the Portugal Women use to distill the Cloves while they are fresh which make a sweet and delicate water profitable for ●ll passions of the Heart and weakness of the Stomack China-root Descript THe root called China-root is like to the root of a great Reed some flattish others round not smooth but bunched and knotty reddish for the most part on the outside and whitish and sometimes a little reddish in the inside the best is solid and firm and somewhat waighty fresh and not worm-eaten and without any tast but as it were drying the plant of the root groweth up with many prickly branches like unto Sarsaparilla or the prickly Bind-weed winding it self about trees and hath many leavs growing on them like broad Plantain leavs the roots grow sometimes many together and while they are fresh the Indians eat them as we do Turneps or Carrots Place This plant groweth not only in China but also in Mallabar Cochin and divers other places there Government and Vertues It is a plant of Jupiter and the properties therof are many and of great use with us in divers cases in diet drinks for the French-Pox French-pox it is profitable in all Agues Agues Heckticks Quotidian Intermittent or pestilential Heckticks and Consumptions Consumptions it helps the evil disposition of the Liver pains of Head Head and Stomack Stomack and strengthneth it It dryes up the defluxions of Rheums helps the Jaundies Jaundies and burstings Burstings in Children or others by drying up the humor which is the cause therof It also helps the Palsie Palsie Gout and all other diseases of the joints and bladder the Gout Sciatica Sciatica Nods Pocky-nods and Ulcers of the Yard Yard Lust and is good in all cold and Melancholy diseases It stirreth up Venery it may be taken several wayes as being boyled first slic'd thin and steeped a good while in water onely or with Wine and water some boyl it in the broth of a chicken tyed up in Linnen cloth and to take from a quarter to half an ounce or more at a time as the quantity of drink o● broth is or as the party can bear Cinnamon and Cassia Lignea Descript THe Cinnamon-tree is described to be a great Tree about the bigness of the Olive-tree with many straight branches without knots covered with a double bark like the Cork whose inner rind is to Cinnamon and is so barked every third year and being cut in long peeces o● if it were the bark of the whole tree is cast on the ground wherein dry it it is rouled together as we see it and is better or worse blacker or bette● coloured by the greater or lesser heat of the Sun the leaves are of a fres● green colour like those of the Cittron-tree the flowers are white and the fruit black and round like hasel-nuts or small Olives the best groweth in Zeland having leaves like Willowes and fruit like unto bay-berries whereof there is made an oyl As concerning the Cassia several Authors do write that Cinnamon and Cassia is one and the same tree and that the variety and difference of the Soyl where they grow makes the difference onely but we daily see that the Cassia which cometh to us is the bark of a tree and either roul'd together like Cinnamon or not roul'd but in small or great smooth peeces and therefore may be conceived to be a sort of Cinnamon yet the tast being Glutinous lesse sharp and quick and more stiptick then Cinnamon argueth it to be the bark of another sort of tree although of the same kind and nature Pliny lib. 12 cap. 29. saith that Cassia which groweth where Cinnamon doth is a shrub of three cubits high but on the hills whose thick branches have their bark unto leather which must be emptied or hollowed in a contrary manner unto that of Cinnamon for being cut into sticks of two cubits long they are sewed into fresh beasts skins that the worms may eat out the wood and leave the bark whole by reason of the sharpness and bitterness the three sorts of colour therein sheweth their goodness That which is white for a foot high next the ground is the worst the next thereunto for half a foot is reddish which is next in goodness from thence upward which is blackish and the best and is to be chosen fresh of a mild scent and of a very sharp tast rather than biting of a purplish colour light in waight and with a short pipe not easily broken so that we may see plainly that Cassia differeth not much from Cinnamon and yet that it is differing from it Government and Virtues Cinnamon is under the dominion of Jupiter it is of temperature hot and dry in the second degree of very subtile parts and very Aromatical it is very Cordial it comforteth the Heart and strengthneth a weak Stomack Heart stomack it easeth the pains of the Cholick Cholick Vrine especially the distilled water of it the stopping of Urine and it stayes the superabounding flux of Womens Courses Terms Face it causeth a good colour in the Face makes a sweet breath Breath Poison and good against the poison of venemous beasts it is much used to stay looseness Looseness and binde the body the distilled water thereof is most effectual but the Chymical oyle thereof is much more hot and piercing Cocculus Indus Names Description and Vertues THe Italians call these berries or round seed Cocco di levante and the French call them so likewise they are of a blackish Ash-colour on the outside having a thick white kernel within them of a hot tast drawing water into the mouth and grow many together like Ivy-berries yet each by it self on a stalk some thinking them to grow upon a kind of night shade others on a kind of Tithymal or Spurge they are used either to make bates to catch fish with things for that purpose or the powder thereof used to kill Lice and Vermine in in Childrens Heads Costus THere are to be had in our Druggists and Apothecaries Shops two sorts of Costus far differing the one from the other both in form and substance the vertues of the true Costus are these It provokes Urine Vrine Courses and Womens Courses and helps diseases of the Mother Mother Convulsions aswel by bathing as suming two ounces thereof being drunk helpeth the biting of Vipers and is good against pains of the Breast Convulsions or the windy Stirches Stitches Stomack swellings in the Stomack Sides or Body being taken in Wormwood-Wine sciatica sinews and being taken with sweet Wine

third kind is like to the second in figure saving that his leaves are greener and more hoary covered with a fine white soft hair almost like the leaves of Watermint the whole plant hath a good and pleasant smell as it were a mean betwixt the scent of Watermint and Sage as saith Dioscorides Place The first kind or the right Dictamnum cometh from Crete now called Candia which is an Irland in the Mediterranean Sea formerly belonging to the Venetians but two or three years sinee taken by the Turks The other two kinds grow not onely in Candia but in divers other hot Countries Government and Vertues The right Dictamnum is hot and dry and of subtil parts the other two kinds are also hot and dry but not so hot as the first they are all under Venus The right Dictamnum is of the same vertue as is Penny-royal but it is better and stronger it bringeth down the Flowers Flowers After-birth After-birth and dead Child deadchild whether it be drunk or eat or used as a pessary or mother suppository the like vertue hath the root which is hot and sharp upon the tongue the juice is very good to be drunk against all Venome Venome and bitings of Venemous beasts and Serpents Dictamnum is of such force against Poison Poison that the onely favor and smell thereof driveth away all Venemous Beasts and Serpents Serpents the juice of the same is of singular force against all kinds of Wounds Wounds to be dropped or poured in it both mundifieth cleanseth and healeth the same it qualifieth and asswageth th● pain of the Milt or Spleen Milt and wasteth and diminisheth the same being either taken inwardly or applied outwardly to the place it draweth forth Splinters Splinters and thorns Thorns if it be bruised and laid upon the place It is written by the Antients that the Goats of Candy and likewise Deer if they be shot with any Shaft Javelin or Arrow that hangeth or sticketh fast in their flesh they forthwith seek out the plant Dictamnum and eat thereof by vertue whereof the Arrows fall out and their Wounds are cured The bastard Dictamnum hath the same vertues as the first but not so strong The third kind is very profitable to be put into medecines drinks and Emplaisters that are made against the bitings or stingings of Venemous beasts False-Dictamnum Names THis herb is called in Latine Tragium and by some Fraxinella some Apothecaries do use the root hereof instead of the right Dictamnum from whence it hath gotten the name of Bastard and false Dittany Descript This plant is like unto Lentisms or Licoras in leaves and branches it hath round blackish rough stalks and leaves displayed and spread like those of Licoris at the top of the stalks grow fair flowers of a blewish colour which on the upper part hath four or five leaves and in the lower part of the same flower it hath small long threds crooking or hanging down almost like a Beard after the flowers are gone in the place of each flower there come four or five Cods somewhat rough without slimy to be handled and of a strong smell almost like a Goat in the which is contained a black plain shining Seed the roots be long and white sometimes as thick as a finger and do grow one against another Place It groweth in the Isle of Candy aswel as the true Dictamnum and is found in the Gardens of some curious Herbarists Time It floureth in June and July Government and Vertues This plant is also under the dominion of Venus It is hot almost in the third degree and of subtill parts the seed taken to the quantity of a dram is good against the Strangury Strangury provoketh Urine Vrine Stone is good against the Stone in the Bladder breaketh and bringeth it forth and likewise driveth down the Terms Terms Thorns or flowers of Women the like vertue hath the leaves and juice to be taken after the same manner and being laid to outwardly it draweth out Thorns and Splinters Splinters the root taken with a little Rhubarb killeth and driveth forth Worms Worms and is of singular vertue against the same Dioscorides also reporteth of this plant that the wild Goats when they be struck with Darts or Arrows by the eating of this herb do cause the same to fall out of their bodies aswell as if they had eaten of the right Dictamnum For which cause it is possible that this herb became first to be used in shops instead of the true Dictamnum Dittander Names IT is also called Dittany and Pepperwort Descript Dittander or Dittany hath long broad leaves not much unlike the Bay-tree leaf but larger and longer notched about like a Saw the stalks and branches be round uneasie or hard to be broken and about two foot high at the top whereof grow very many small white flowers and after them a small seed the root is long and single creeping under the earth and putteth forth yearly in divers places new sprigs and leaves Place It groweth plentifully in divers low grounds and salt Marshes as in the Marshes by Rochester in Kent Time Dittander floureth and is in seed in June and July Government and Virtues This herb is hot and dry in the third degree a Martial plant some people use this herb with meat instead of Pepper because it hath the nature and tast of Pepper whereof it took the name of Piperitis the root of this plant is very good against the Sciatica Sciatica being applied outwardly to the huckle bone or haunch made into a pultis with some Goose or Capons-grease and an oyntment made of the leaves with Hogs-grease or the leaves bruised and applied to the place helps the Hip-gout Hip-gout and pain in the Joints Joints the part being afterwards bathed with Wine and Oyl and wrapped in wool or Lambskin a spoonful or two of the juice of Dittander in Ale given to Women in travail causeth Easie and speedy Delivery Easie-Delivery it is likewise good to take away Scars Sun-burning and Scabs and clean-seth discolourings of the skin Double-tongue Kind and Names THere is found two kinds hereof it is called likewise Horse-tongue and Laurus of Alexandria Descript Double-tongue hath round stalks like Solomons-Seal of a foot and half long upon each side whereof grow thick brownish leaves not much unlike to Bay-leavs upon the which there groweth in the middle of every leaf another small leaf fashioned like a Tongue and bet wixt those small and great leaves there grow round red berries as big as a pease the root is tender white long and of a good scent 2. There is also another kind of double tongue which also bringeth forth his fruit upon the leaves and is like the first in stalks leavs fruits and roots saving that there grow no other small leavs by the fruit upon the great leaves Place Double-tongue groweth in Hungaria and

afterwards turn into small soft Cones like to Cypresse Nuts while they are close but longer than they made of many fine scales lying one upon another standing on a short stalk having seed in the inside of every scale formed like a small bird with two wings and a small sweet kernel within them like the Pine kernel the wood is very firm hard and close long in growing and long lasting It yieldeth forth a liquid Rozen being bored ve●y clear and white which is called Venice Turpentine There is also found upon the bodies and great boughs thereof a kind of hard and dry Mushroom called Agarick Place and Time It groweth plentifully in the Woods by Trent and in many other places of Germany and between Germany and Italy It shooteth forth leaves in the Spring and the blossomes presently after and the fruit is ripe towards the latter end of Summer The Turpentine is gathered in the hottest time of the Summer but the Agarick about November and December Governments and Vertues The Larix-tree is under the dominion of Venus the leaves bark and fruit are of the same temperature as those of the Pine-tree the Turpentine thereof taken to the quantity of an ounce will gently open the belly provoke Urine and cleanse the Reines Kidneys Reines Kidneys and Bladder and helps to dissolve the Stone Bladder Stone and drive forth the Gravel and gives ease to those that have the Gout Gravel Gout if it be rouled up in Sugar and taken it helps the running of the Reins But pills most excellent for the Gonorrhaea or running of the Reins may be made thereof in this manner Turpentine Pills for the Gonorrhaea or Running of the Reins Take Turpentine-and wash it in Plaintain and Rose-water then with the powder of white Amber red Corral Mastick and a little Camphire make it into Pills which are to be taken morning and Evening for certain dayes together It is good also for the Tissick and Consumption of the Lungs Tissick Lungs being taken with hony in an Electuary it expectorates tough flegm and helps those that are troubled with a continual Cough it is of excellent use also outwardly to be used as an ingredient amongst salves It doth both draw cleanse and heal all sores or Ulcers whether new or old and green Wounds the Chymical oyl drawn from Turpentine is more drying and consolidating than the Turpentine it self so that it is singular good to be used in Wounds Wounds Vl●ers and to warm and ease paines in the joints and sinews caused with cold and being mixed with oyl of St. Johns-wort it is singular good against Sprains Pains Sprains Wrinches and outward Bruises Bruises-freckles caused by falls or otherwise the parts being fomented This oyl being drank the quantity of twenty drops at a time in Ale or white Wine provokes Urine cleanseth and cureth all Ulcers and Sores in the Kidney Kidneys or Bladder Bladder or Uretory passages The water that is distilled with the oyl is good for freckles and spots in the Face A scruple in weight of that water taken in white Wine procureth a Vomit and giveth much ease to those whose Stomacks are overcharged with Flegm Agarick which is the Tuberous substance which groweth upon this tree is a good purging medicine and often used by it self but more commonly is mixed with other medicines of a purging quality to open obstructions of the Liver Spleen Liver Spleen and entrails it purgteh all vitious humors which offend the body It is usually corrected wich Ginger and given with Oxymel that is a sirrup made with Vinegar and Hony otherwise of it self it is apt to trouble the Stomack and cause Vomiting It purgeth thin and rotten tough flegm both yellow hard and black burnt Choller Flegm Choler from the Head and Brain Breast Lungs Head Lungs stomack Liver Stomack Liver and Spleen Spleen Gout and from the Reins joints Sinews and Muscles whereby it helpeth such as are troubled with the Gout Dropsie Falling-sickness Jaundise Chollick Dropsie Chollick Sciatica shortness of Breath Cough Consumption of the Lungs spitting of Blood paines of the Womb Blood Womb sharpness of Urine and the Wormes It is also helpful to cure all sorts of Agues Agues to ease griping pains of the Stomack and Belly and such as have had Falls and Bruises or are bursten-Bellied Half a dram or two scruples being taken in Wine either by the infusion or in powder is good against all poisons and bitings of Serpents The most usual way of preparing it for the other diseases before mentioned is to slice a dram and put it into a gentle purging decoction or an Infusion If it be boyled in Lye with other Cephalicks and the head washed therewith it comforteth the Brain Memory Brain Memory and giddinessof the Head and stayes Rhumes and Catarrhs and cleanseth it from scurff Rhumes Scurff and Dandriff Spurge-Laurel Names IT is also called Wild Laurel and in Latine Laureola Descript The Spurge Laurel springeth up usually but with one stem but sometimes with more very tough and pliant having a whitish thick tough bark branching forth into divers parts towards the tops whereon grow many long thick somewhat broad and shining dark green leaves longer smoother and softer than Bay-leaves and without any veins therein the flowers come forth towards the tops of the stalks and branches and at the joints with the leaves many set together which are somewhat long and hollow having four small leaves of a whitish yellow green colour after which come small round and somewhat long black berries when they are ripe wherein is contained a white kernell the root groweth deep into the ground and spreadeth with long white strings and is somewhat wooddy The leaves flower bark and root are very hot in tast burning the mouth and Throat of any that shall tast them the leaves continue green all the Winter Place Spurge Laurel groweth Wild in many places of this land particularly in Cobham Park in Kent Time It floureth very early as about January if the Winter be mild and the berries are ripe about June Government and Vertues Mars rules this plant both leaves and berries hereof are violent purges of a heating burning quality so that they inflame the throat and Stomack of whosoever shall take thereof yet being given advisedly and prepared by a skilful hand it cleanseth the Stomack of Flegm Flegm Terms both by purge and Vomit it driveth down Womens Courses and being chewed in the Mouth it draweth down much corrupt matter from the Head and brain if the leavs and berries when they are fresh be boyled in oyl and the oyle strained forth this oyle looseneth the belly and helpeth the Chollick the belly being anointed therewith it provokes Urine and helpeth the Piles some give the powder of the leaves in a little broth to ease the pains of the Chollick and purge forth watry humors in the Dropsie The

are sweetest But this Pina surpasseth all other fruits in the West-Indies for pleasantness and wholsomeness so that many eat them abundantly but a surfeit with them is dangerous as it is with the best Meats drinks or fruits whatsoever The Physitians there forbid it their Patients lest it should breed inflamations Some wonders are reported hereof which I never had experience of neither do intend to go thither to disprove them As namely That if one of these fruits be cut through the middle with a knife and they joyned together again the peices will joyn and stick so fast together as if they had not been cut asunder at all Another property it hath that if one cut the fruit with a knife and leave the knife sticking therein untill the next day so much of the blade thereof as stuck within the fruit will be wholy consumed and wasted or as it were eaten away the knife also that did cut one of them if it be not forthwith clean wiped but let alone unwiped will seem as if it had been eaten in with Aqua fortis Descript 2. Wild-Indian Pine Anana Sylvestris this Wild kind of Pine groweth naturally both greater higher and more prickly or thistle-like having a great tuft of leaves at the bottom of their stalks or stems next the ground seeming to be Aloe-leave afar off but lesser and of a pale green colour set with sharp prickles It is increased by the off-sets one arising from another from the main stem grow sundry branches bearing at their ends heads of soft tender leaves closed round together which are nothing but the flowers and are of a yellowish colour smelling very sweet out of these heads rise spikes not unlike to those of the Reed but thicker closer set and far more beautiful smelling like the Cedar from the branches hang down the fruit called by the Portugalls Anana's Breva's that is Wild Anan's or Pina's which do somewhat resemble the manured ones of the bigness of a Melon of a beautiful red colour very pleasant to behold which is divided into parts like unto Cypresse-nuts when they are dry and set with bunches or knobs very much resembling a Cone or Pine-apple which are nothing so good although a little pleasant but harsh withal whereof few do at for pleasure but they are more physically used Government and Vertues These rare fruits are plants of Venus and of a moderate temperature six or eight ounces of the juice of this Wild kind taken in a morning fasting with some Sugar is a most present and certain remedy against the heat or inflamations of the Liver or Back Liver Back and is of singular use and very effectual against Ulcers inflamations and soreness of the Kidneyes and Bladder and foul purulentous Urines Kidneys Bladder Vrines and is good for the Excoriations of the Yard all which diseases this cureth in three dayes time The Pine-tree Kinds THer are two kinds of the Pine-tree that is the Garden and the wild Pine-tree and of the Wild Pine-tree there be divers sorts Names The Pine-tree is called in Latine Pinus and the nuts which are found in the Pine-apples are called in Latine Nuces Pineae in English Pine-Apple kernels or nuts in French Pignous The tame or Garden kind of Pine-apple is also called in Latine Pinus Sativa and the wild Pine is called in Latine Pinaster and Pinus Sylvestris the first wild kind is supposed to be the Pinus Tarentina whereof Pliny writeth the second kind is called in Latine humilis Pinus or Pinus terrestris and in Italian Mughi The third is called in some places in the Mountains betwixt Italy and Germany Cambri and Cirmoli and is that kind which the French-men call Sniffe The Fourth is called in Latine Pinus Idaea The fift is called in Latine Pinus marina and in French Pin-marin The fruit of the Pine-tree is called in Latine Conus and nux pinea and in English a Cone or Pine-apple in French Pome de pin Descript The Pine-tree groweth to a great and lofty height with many branches at the top parted into other round branches set round about with little hard leaves and almost sharp-p●inted or prickly very straight and narrow and of a green whitish colour The Timber is red and heavy and within about the heart full of sap and liquor The fruit is great balls of a brown Chesnut colour which are called Cones or Pine-apples in which grow small nuts wherein is a sweet white kernel Descript 1. Of the first Wild kind The first wild sort of the Pine-trees is high great and thick and yet not so high as the Tame or Garden Pine the branches be spread abroad with long sharp-pointed leaves the fruit is short and not hard which doth open easily and soon falleth Descript 2. The second kind of the wild Pine doth not grow so high neither is the stem growing straight up but bringeth forth many branches suddenly from the root creeping by the ground long slender and pliable or easie to be bent or ployed insomuch that hereof they may make hoops for Wine Hogs-heads and other Vessels and Casks the fruit of this tree is greater than the fruit of any other of the Wild Pine-trees Descript 3. The third kind groweth straight upright and waxeth great and high yet not so high as the other Wild kinds the branches of this sort do grow like the Pitch-tree the fruit is long and big almost like the fruit of the Pitch-tree in the same is contained triangled small nuts like to the Nuts of the Pine-apple but smaller and britler with a kernel of a very good taste like unto the kernel of the tame Pine Descript 4. The fourth wild kind hath a long hard fruit the which will not open easily nor fall lightly from the tree Descript 5. The fifth kind hath small round nuts not much greater than Cypresse-nuts the which will open and fall quickly From out of these trees cometh that liquor called Rozen especially from the wild-trees and it runneth most commonly out of the bark or from the Timber and is sometimes found in the fruit And from these trees cometh also Pitch both liquid and hard Place and Time The Tame or Garden Pine groweth in many places in Greece Italy Spain France and in some places in England where it hath been planted The wild Pines grow upon Mountains and that sometimes on very high Mountains where none other Trees or Herbs do grow especially the first wild kind which also groweth in Germany Poland Leifland and other cold Regions The fruit or Pine-apples are ripe in September Government and Virtues The Pine-trees are under the dominion of Saturn the bark is dry and astringent especially the scales of the Cones or Apples and the leaves be almost of the same temperature The kernels of the nuts are hot and moist and somwhat astringent The scales of the Pine-apple with the bark of the Pine tree do stop the Lask and bloudy-flux and provoke Urine Lask-Bloody Flux Vrine