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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A08913	A treatise of the plague contayning the causes, signes, symptomes, prognosticks, and cure thereof. Together with sundry other remarkable passages (for the prevention of, and preservation from the pestilence) never yet published by anie man. Collected out of the workes of the no lesse learned than experimented and renowned chirurgian Ambrose Parey.	Paré, Ambroise, 1510?-1590. aut; Johnson, Thomas, d. 1644.	1630 (1630)	STC 19192; ESTC S103146	56,219	88

be loosed as if he had taken Antimonie and so they were all for the most part cured especially all those that tooke that remedie betimes and before the disease went vnto their heart as I my selfe haue proued in some that were sicke at Paris with most happie successe Truely Mugwort is highly commended by the ancient Physitions being taken and applied inwardly or outwardly against the bitings of venemous creatures so that it is not to be doubted but that it hath great vertue against the Pestilence I haue heard it most certainly reported by Gilbertus Heroaldus Physition of Mompilier that eight ounces of the pickle of Anchoues drunke at one draught is a most certaine and approued remedie against the Pestilence as hee and many other haue often found by experience For the Plague is no other thing but a verie great putrefaction for the correction and amendment whereof there is nothing more apt or fit than this pickle or substance of the Anchoues being melted by the sun force of the salt that is strawed thereon There be some which infuse one dramme of Walewort seede in white wine and affirme that it drunken wil performe the like effect as Antimony Others dissolue a little weight of the seede of Rue beeing bruised in Muskadine with the quantitie of a Beane of Treacle and so drink it Others beate or bruise an handfull of the leaues or toppes of Broome in halfe a pinte of white wine and so giue it to the patient to drink to cause him to vomite loose his belly and make him to sweate Truely those that are wounded or bitte with venemous beasts if they binde broome aboue the wound it will prohibit or hinder the venome from dispersing it selfe or going any farther therefore a drinke made thereof will prohibite the venome from going anie neerer the heart Some take of the roote of Elecampane Gentian Tormentill Kermesberries and broome of the pouder of Iuorie and Harts-horne of each halfe a dramme they do bruise and beat all these and infuse them for the space of foure and twentie hours in white Wine and Aquavita on the warme embers and then straine it and giue the patient three or foure ounces thereof to drinke this prouokes sweate and infrignes the power of the poison and the potion following hath the same vertue Take good Mustard halfe an ounce of Treacle or Mithridate the weight of a Beane dissolue them in white Wine and a little Aqua vita and let the patient drinke it and sweate thereon with walking You may also roste a great Onion made hollow and filled with halfe a dram of Treacle and Vineger vnder the embers and then straine it and mixe the iuice that is pressed out of it with the water of Sorrell Carduus Benedictus or anie other cordiall thing and with strong wine and giue the patient to drinke thereof to prouoke sweate and to repell the malignitie Or else take as much Garlicke as the quantitie of a bigge Nut of Rue and Celandine of each twentie leaues bruise them all in white Wine and a little Aqua vita then straine it and giue the patient thereof to drinke There be some that doe drinke the iuice that is pressed out of Celandine and Mallowes with three ounces of Vineger and halfe an ounce of the oyle of Walenuts and then by much walking doe vnburthen their stomacke and belly vpwards and downewards and so are helped When the venemous ayre hath alreadie crept into and infected the humors one dramme of the dried leaues of the Bay tree macerated for the space of two daies in Vineger and drunk is thought to bee a most soueraigne medicine to prouoke sweate loosenesse of the belly and vomiting Matthiolus in his Treatise de Morbo Gallico writeth that the powder of Mercury ministred vnto the patient with the iuice of Carduus Benedictus or with the electuarie de Gemmis will driue away the Pestilence before it be confirmed in the bodie by prouoking vomite loosenesse of the belly and sweate one dramme of Calchanthum or white Copperose dissolued in Rose-water performeth the like effect in the same disease Some do giue the patient a little quantitie of the oile of Scorpions with white wine to expel the poison by vomite and therewithall they doe annoint the region of the heart the brest and the wrasts of the hands I thinke these very meet to be vsed often in bodies that are strong and well exercised because weaker medicines doe euacuate little or nothing at all but onely moue the humors whereby commeth a Feauer When a sufficient quantie of the malignitie is euacuated then you must minister things that may strengthen the belly and stomacke and withhold the agitation or working of the humors and such is confection of Alkermes CHAP. XVIII Of maute Symptomes which happen together with the Plague and first of the paine of the head IF the malignitie be carried into the braine and nature be not able to expell it it inflames not onely it but also the membranes that do couer it which inflamation doth one while hurt trouble or abolish the imagination another while the iudgement and sometimes the memorie according to the situation of the inflamation whether it bee in the former hinder or middle part of the head but hereof commeth alwayes a Phrensie with fierie rednesse of the eyes and face and heauinesse and burning of the whole head If this will not be amended with Clisters and with opening the Cephalicke veine in the arme the arteries of the temples must be opened taking so much bloud out of them as the greatnesse of the Symptomes and the strength of the patient shall require and permit Truely the incision that is made in opening of an arterie will close and ioine together as readily and with as little difficultie as the incision of a veine And of such an incision of an arterie commeth present helpe by reason that the tensiue and sharpe vapours do plentifully breath out together with the arterious bloud It were also verie good to prouoke a fluxe of bloud at the nose if nature be apt to exonerate her selfe that way For as Hippocrates saith when the head is grieued or generally aketh if matter water or bloud flow cut at the nostrels mouth or eares it presently cures the disease Such bleeding is to be prouoked by strong blowing or striuing to cleanse the nose by scratching or picking of the inner sides of the nostrels by pricking with an horse haire and long holding downe of the head The Lord of Fontaines a Knight of the Order when wee were at Bayon had a bleeding at the nose which came naturally for the space of two daies and thereby hee was freed of a pestilent Feuer which he had before a great sweate rising therewithall and shortly after his Carbuncles came to suppuration and by Gods grace he recouered his health being vnder my cure If the bloud doe flow out and cannot bee stopped when it ought the hands armes and legges must be

Fogges or Mists and the nocturnall obscuritie then to take it in the morning with a draught of good Wine for it being aboundantly diffused presently ouer all the Body filles vp the passages thereof and strengheneth it in a moment For Water if the Plague proceed from the tainture of the Aire we must wholly shun and auoid Raine-water because it cannot but be infected by the contagion of the Aire Wherefore the Water of Springs and of the deepest Welles are thought best But if the malignitie proceed from the vapours contained in the Earth you must make choyse of Raine-water Yet it 's more safe to digest euerie sort of Water by boyling it and to preferre that Water before other which is pure and cleerer to the sight and without either tast or smell and which besides suddainly takes the extremest mutation of heat and cold CHAP. VII Of the Cordiall Remedies by which we may preserue our Bodyes in feare of the Plague and cure those already infected there-with SVch as cannot eat without much labour exercise and hunger and who are no louers of Breakefasts hauing euacuated their Excrements before they goe from home must strengthen the Heart with some Antidote against the virulencie of the Infection Amongst which Aqua Theriacalis or Treacle Water two Ounces with the like quantitie of Sacke is much commended being drunke and rubbing the Nose-thrils Mouth and Eares with the same for the Treacle Water strengthens the Heart expels Poyson and is not onely good for a preseruatiue but also to cure the Disease it selfe For by sweat it driues forth the Poyson contained within It should be made in Iune at which time all simple Medicines by the vitall heat of the Sunne are in their greatest efficacie The composition whereof is thus Take the Roots of Gentian Cyperus Tormentill Diptam or Fraxinella Elecampaine of each one Ounce the Leaues of Mullet Carduus Benedictus Diuels-bit Burnet Scabious Sheepes Sorrell of each halfe a Handfull of the tops of Rue a little quantitie Mirtle Berries one Ounce of Red Rose Leaues the Flowres of Buglosse Borage and S t Iohns Wurt of each one Ounce let them be all cleansed dryed and macerated for the space of 24 houres in one pound of White Wine or Malmsey and of Rose Water or Sorrell Water then let them be put in a Vessell of Glasse and add thereto of Treacle and Methridate of each foure Ounces then distill them in Balneo Mariae and let the distilled Water be receiued in a Glasse Viall and let there be added thereto of Saffron two Drammes of Bole Armenicke Terra Sigillata Yellow Sanders Shauings of Iuorie and Harts-horne of each halfe an Ounce then let the Glasse be well stopped and set in the Sunne for the space of eight or tenne dayes Let the prescribed quantitie be taken euerie morning so oft as shall be needfull It may be giuen without hurt to sucking Children and to Women great with Child But that it may be the more pleasant it must be strayned thorough an Hippocras Bagge adding thereto some Sugar and Cynnamon Some thinke themselues sufficiently defended with a Root of Elecampaine Zedoarie or Angelica rowled in their Mouth or chawed betweene their Teeth Others drinke euerie morning one Dramme of the Root of Gentian brused being macerated for the space of one night in two Ounces of White Wine Others doe take Worme-wood Wine Others sup vp in a rere Egge one Dramme of Terra Sigillata or of Harts-horne with a little Saffron and drinke two Ounces of Wine after it There be some that doe infuse Bole Armenicke the Roots of Gentian Tormentill Diptam the Berryes of Iuniper Cloues Mace Cynnamon Saffron and such like in Aqua Vitae and strong White Wine and so distill it in Balneo Mariae This Cordiall Water that followeth is of great virtue Take of the Roots of the long and round Aristolochia Tormentill Diptam of each three Drammes of Zedoarie two Drammes Lignum Aloes Yellow Sanders of each one Dramme of the Leaues of Scordium S t Iohns Wurt Sorrell Rue Sage of each halfe an Ounce of Bay and Iuniper Berryes of each three Drammes Cytron Seeds one Dramme of Cloues Mace Nutmegs of each two Drammes of Masticke Olibanum Bole Armenicke Terra Sigillata Shauings of Harts-horne and Iuorie of each one Ounce of Saffron one Scruple of the Conserues of Roses Buglosse Flowers Water Lillyes and old Treacle of each one Ounce of Camphire halfe a Dramme of Aqua Vitae halfe a pint of White Wine two pints and a halfe make thereof a distillation in Balneo Mariae The vse of this distilled Water is euen as Treacle Water is The Electuarie following is verie effectuall Take of the best Treacle three Ounces Iuniper berries and Carduus Seeds of each one Dramme and a halfe of Bole Armenicke prepared halfe an Ounce of the Powder of the Electuarie De Gemmis and Diamargariton Frigidum the Powder of Harts-horne and Red Corall of each one Dramme mixe them with the Sirrupe of the Rinds and Iuyce of Pome-citrons as much as shall suffice and make thereof a liquid Electuarie in the forme of an Opiate let them take euerie morning the quantitie of a Filberd drinking after it two Drammes of the Water of Scabions Cherryes Carduus Benedictus and of some such like cordiall things or of strong Wine The following Opiate is also verie profitable which also may be made into Tablets Take of the Roots of Angelica Gentian Zedoarie Elecampaine of each two Drammes of Cytron and Sorrell Seeds of each halfe a Dramme of the dryed Rinds of Cytrous Cinnamon Bay and Iuniper Berryes and Saffron of each one Scruple of Conserue of Roses and Buglosse of each one Ounce of fine hard Sugar as much as is sufficient make thereof Tablets of the weight of halfe a Dramme let him take one of them two houres before meat Or make thereof an Opiate with equall parts of Conserues of Buglosse and Mel Anthosatum and so adding all the rest dry and in Powder Or take of the Roots of Valerian Tormentill Diptam of the Leaues of Rue of each halfe an Ounce of Saffron Mace Nutmegs of each halfe a Dramme of Bole Armenicke prepared halfe an Ounce of Conserue of Roses and Sirupe of Lemons as much as will be sufficient to make thereof an Opiate liquid enough Or take of the Roots of both the Aristolochia's of Gentian Tormentill Diptam of each one Dramme and a halfe of Ginger three Drammes of the Leaues of Rue Sage Mints and Peny-royall of each two Drammes of Bay and Iuniper Berries Citron Seeds of each foure Scruples of Mace Nutmegs Cloues Cinnamon of each two Drammes of Lignum Aloes and Yellow Saunders of each one Dramme of Male Frankincense i. Olibanum Masticke shauings of Harts-horne and Iuorie of each two Scruples of Saffron halfe a Dramme of Bole Armenicke Terra Sigillata Red Corall Pearle of each one Dramme of Conserues of Roses Buglosse Flowers Water Lillyes and old Treacle of each one Ounce of Loafe

the perfect maturation and suppuration but as it were in the midst of the cruditie and maturitie wil make an orifice for it to passe forth at yet if it bee done before the tumor bee at his perfect maturitie paine a feauer and all accidents are stirred vp and enraged whereof commeth a maligne vlcer that often degenerates into a Gangrene For the most part about the tenth or eleuenth day the worke of suppuration seemeth perfected and finished but it may bee sooner or later by reason of the application of medicines the condition of the matter and state of the part when the matter commeth forth you must yet vse suppuratiue and mollifying medicines to maturate the remaines thereof in the meane while clensing the vicer by putting mundificatiues into it as wee shall declare in the cure of Carbuncles But if the tumor seeme to sinke in or hide it selfe againe it must be reuoked and procured to come forth again by applying of Cupping-glasses with scarrification with sharpe medicines yea and with Cauteries both actuall and potentiall When the Cauteries are applied it shall bee verie good to apply a vesicatorie a little below it that there may bee some passage open for the venome while the Eschar is in falling away For so they that are troubled with the french Poxe so long as they haue open and flowing vlcers so long are they void of anie paine that is worth the speaking of which vlcers being closed and cicatriced they doc presently complaine of great paine If you suspect that the Bubo is more maligne by reason that it is of a greene or black and inflamed colour as are those that come of a melancholy humor by adustion turned into a grosse and rebellious melancholy humor so that by the more copious influxe thereof into the part there is danger of a Gangrene and mortification then the places about the abscesse must bee armed with repercussiues but not the abscesse it selfe and this may be the forme of the repercussiues Take of the iuice of houseleeke Purselaine Sorrell Nightshade of each two ounces of Vineger one ounce the whites of three egges of oyle of Roses and water-Lillies of each two ounces and a halfe stirre them together and apply it about the Bubo and renew it often or boile a Pomegranat in Vineger beate it with Vnguentum Rosatum or Populeen newely made and applied as is aforesaid If these things doe not stop the influxe of other humors the abscesse it selfe and the places round about it must be scarrified round about if the part will permit it that the part exonerated of portion of the venome may not stand in danger of the extinction of the proper and naturall heate by the greater quantitie and malignitie of the humors that flow vnto it In scarrifying you must haue care of the great vessels for feare of an irrepugnable fluxe of bloud which in this case is very hard to be staied or resisted both because the part it selfe is greatly inflamed and the humor verie fierce for the expulsion whereof nature carefull for the preseruation of the part and all the bodie besides seemeth to labour and worke But yet you must suffer so much of the bloud and humor to flow out as the Patient is able to abide without the losse of his strength Moreouer you may spend forth the superfluous portion of the malignity with relaxing mollifying and resoluing fomentations as Take the roots of Marsh Mallowes Lillies and Elecampane of each one pound of Linseeds and Faenigreek of each one ounce of Fennell-seeds and Annifeeds of each halfe an ounce of the leaues of Rue Sage Rosemary of each one handfull of Chamomill and Melilote flowers of each three handfulls boyle them altogether and make thereof a decoction for a fomentation vse it with a sponge according to Art Also after the aforesaid scarrification we may put Hens or Turkies that lay eggs which therefore haue their fundaments more wide and open and for the same purpose put a little salt into their fundaments vpon the sharpe toppe of the Bubo that by shutting their bills at seuerall times they may draw sucke the venom into their bodies farre more strongly and better then cupping glasses because they are endewed with a naturall property against poyson for they eate and concoct Toades Efts and such like virulent beasts when one hen is killed with the poyson that she hath drawne into her body you must apply another and then the third fourth fift and sixt within the space of halfe an hower There be some that will rather cut them or else whelps in the middest and apply them warme vnto the place that by the heate of the creature that is yet scarce dead portion of the venom may be dissipated and exhaled But if neuer thelesse there be any feare of a Gangren at hand you must cut the flesh with a deeper scarrification not onely anoyding the greater vessells but also the nerues for feare of conuulsion and after the scarrification and a sufficient flux of blood you must wash it with Aegyptiacum Treacle and Mithridate dissolued in sea-water Aquavita and Vineger For such a lotion hath vertue to stay putrefaction repell the venom and prohibite the bloud from concretion but if the Gangren cannot be auoyded so cauteries may be applyed to the part especially actuall because they doe more effectually repell the force of the poyson and strengthen the part Presently after the impression of the hot iron the eschar must bee cut away euen vnto the quicke flesh that the venemous vapours and the humors may haue a free passage forth for it is not to be looked for that they will come forth of themselues With these iniunctions they are wont to hasten the falling away of the Eschar Take of the mucilage of Marsh-mallowes and Linseedes of each 2 ounces fresh Butter or Hogs-grease one ounce the yelks of three eggs incorporate them together and make thereof an ointment Butter Swines-grease oyle of roses with the yelks of eggs performe the selfe same thing When the Eschar is fallen away we must vse digestiues As Take of the iuice of Plantane water Betonie and Smallage of each three ounces Honey of Roses foure ounces Venice Turpentine fiue ounces Barly flower three drames Aloes two drams oile of Roses foure ounces Treacle halfe a dram make a mundificatiue according to Arte. Or Take Venice Turpentine foure ounces Syrup of dryed Roses and Wormewood of each one ounce of the powder of Aloes Mastick Myrrhe Barly flower of each one dram of Mithridate halfe an ounce incorporate them together This vnguent that followeth is very meete for putrified and corroding vlcers Take red Orpiment one ounce of vnquencht Lime burnt Alome Pomegrante pills of each six drams of Olibanus Galls of each two drams of Waxe and Oile as much as shall suffice make thereof an vnguent This doth mundifie strongly consume putrefied flesh and dry vp virulent humidities that engender Gangrens But there is not a more excellent vnguent

then Aegyptiacum encreased in strength for besides many other vertues that it hath it doth consume and wast the proud flesh for there is neyther oyle nor waxe that goeth into the composition thereof with which things the vertue of sharpe medicines conuenient for such vlcers is delayed and as it were dulled and hindered from their perfect operation so long as the vlcer is kept open There are many that being disseased with this dissease who haue had much matter and venemous filth come out at their abscesses so that it seemeth sufficient and they haue beene thought well recouered yet haue died sodainly In the meane while when these things are in doing cordiall medicines are not to be omitted to strengthen the heart And purgations must be renewed at certaine seasons that nature may be euery way vnloaded of the burthen of the venenate humors CHAP. XXIII Of the Nature Causes and Signes of a pestilent Carbuncle A Pestilent Carbuncle is a small tumor or rather a maligne pustle hot and raging consisting of blood vitiated by the corruption of the proper substance It often commeth to passe through the occasion of this vntameable malignitie that the Carbuncle cannot be gouerned or contained within the dominion of nature In the beginning it is scarce so bigge as a seede or graine of Millet or a Pease sticking firmely vnto the part and vnmouable so that the skinne cannot be pulled from the flesh but shortly after it encreaseth like vnto a Bubo vnto a round and sharpe head with great heate pricking paine as if it were with needles burn ing and intolerable especially a little before night and while the meate is in concocting more than when it is perfectly concocted In the middest thereof appeareth a bladder puffed vp and filled with sanious matter If you cut this bladder you shall finde the flesh vnder it parched burned and blacke as if there had beene a burning cole layed there whereby it seemeth that it tooke the name of Carbuncle but the flesh that is about the place is like a Raine-bow of diuers colours as redde darke greene purple liuide and blacke but yet alwaies with a shining blacknesse like vnto stone pitch or like vnto the true precious stone which they call a Carbuncle whereof some also say it took the name Some call it a Naile because it inferreth like paine as a naile driuen into the flesh There are manie Carbuncles which take their beginning with a crustie vlcer without a pustle like to the burning of an hote iron and these are of a black colour they encrease quickly according to the condition of the matter whereof they are made All pestilent Carbuncles haue a Feauer ioined with them and the greeued part seemeth to be so heauie as if it were couered or pressed with lead tied hard with a ligature there commeth mortall swoundings faintings tossing turning idle talking raging Gangrenes and mortifications not onely to the part but also to the whole bodie by reason as I thinke of the oppression of the spirits of the part and the suffocation of the naturall heate as we see also in manie that haue a pestilent Bubo For a Bubo and Carbuncle are tumors of a neere affinitie so that the one doth scarce come without the other consisting of one kinde of matter vnlesse that which maketh the Bubo is more grosse and clammie and that which causeth the Carbuncle more sharpe burning and raging by reason of its greater subtlety so that it maketh an Eschar on the place where it is as we noted before CHAP. XXIV What Prognostickes may be made in pestilent Buboes and Carbuncles SOme hauing the Pestilence haue but one Carbuncle and some more in diuers parts of their bodie And in many it happeneth that they haue the Bubo Carbuncle before they haue any Feauer which giueth better hope of health if there bee no other maligne accident therewith for it is a signe that nature is the victor and hath gotten the vpper hand which excluded the pestilent venome before it could come to assault the heart But if a Carbuncle and Bubo come after the Feauer it is mortall for it is a token that the heart is affected moued and incensed with the furious rage of the venome whereof presently commeth a feauerish heate or burning and corruption of the humors sent as it were from the centre vnto the superficies of the bodie It is a good signe when the patients minde is not troubled from the beginning vntill the seuenth day but when the Bubo or Carbuncle finketh downe againe shortly after that it is risen it is a mortall signe especially if ill accidents follow it If after they are brought to suppuration they presently waxe dry without any reason thereof it is an ill signe Those Carbuncles that are generated of bloud haue a greater Eschar than those that are made of cholor because that bloud is of a more grosse consistence and therefore occupieth a greater roome in the flesh contrariwise a choloricke humor is more small in quantity and thy nne and it taketh little roome in the vpper part of the flesh only as you may see in an Erysipelas And I haue seene Carbuncles whose Eichars were as broad and as large as halfe the backe also I haue seene others which going vp by the shoulders to the throate did so eate away the flesh that was vnder them that the rough artery or winde-pipe might be seene bare when the Eschar was fallen away I had once a Carbuncle which was in the middest of my belly so that when the Eschar was fallen away I might very plainly see the Peritonaum or Rim and the cicatrice that remaineth is as broad as my hand but they doe not spread themselues so farre without the great danger or death of the patient There are also some Carbuncles which beginning at the parts vnder the chyn disperse themselues by little little vnto the pattell bones and so strangle the patient So in many the Buboes in the groine arise aboue a great part of the muscles of the Epigastrium Truly of those abscesses that are so large and great in quantity and so terrible to be seene there is great danger of death to the patient or at least to the greeued part For after the consolidation the part remaineth as if it were leprous which abolisheth the action of the part as I haue seene in many Oftentimes also the corruption of the matter is so great that the flesh leaueth the bones bare but Carbuncles often leaue the ioynts and ligaments quite resolued through the occasion of the moisture that is soaked and sunke in vnto them for they often cast out putrefied and virulent sanious matter whereby eating and creeping vlcers are bred many blisters and pustles arising vp in the parts round about it which shortly breaking into one make a great vlcer These doe come very seldome and slowly vnto suppuration or at least to cast out laudible matter especially if they haue their originall of choler because