Selected quad for the lemma: virtue_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
virtue_n	cold_a	temperate_a	zone_n	14	3	12.9466	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A03380	The schoole of skil containing two bookes: the first, of the sphere, of heauen, of the starres, of their orbes, and of the earth, &c. The second, of the sphericall elements, of the celestiall circles, and of their vses, &c. Orderly set forth according to art, with apt figures and proportions in their proper places, by Tho. Hill.	Hill, Thomas, b. ca. 1528.; Jaggard, William, 1569-1623.	1599 (1599)	STC 13502; ESTC S104125	144,541	253

one on the Northerly and the other on the Southerly side of it And the beginnings of either bee the hotter the ends colder the middle of them exquisitly temperate in the other parts doth the heat either so much the more excéede or the bitter colde ouercommeth and ruleth as howe much the nearer they approach or come vnto the burning Zone or otherwise vnto either of the extreame Zones which continually cause a bitter and an extreame colde The cause of this diuersity is through the suns beames for the sun continually moouing in the middle iourney of heauen described betwéene the two Tropicks and digressing or going beyond the prefixed bounds of nature doeth not shew his beames vnto diuers parts of the earth in one manner but vnto the places right vnder and in the burning zone the tractes or countries contained vnder them doth he send downe right beames which stretcheth to the vpper face of the earth at right angles And vnto the countries of either temperate zone doeth the sun send downe thwart or slope beames And vnto the places vnder either cold zone doth he streach long beames on the plaine of the earth euen the like as being neare to the Horizone which neither reach vnto the vpper face of the earth nor cause angles but kéep an equall distance vnto it do streach forth infinitely But those beames of the sun doe neither giue light nor heat but turne backeward in that the property of the reflexion which of the beame against a solider resistance prohibiting or letting the penetration is a certaine repercussion and reuerberation that increaseth and doubleth the force of the direct beame and by the reflexed beame to it adioyned or at the least by his vertue applied and communicated Séeing this reflexion is the especiallest cause of the heat and that the angles of the reflexions falling doe continually make or be equal in the angles for that cause do they much vnlike increase the force of the directe beames and their effectes doe notably varie So that in the burning zone the reflexion stretcheth vnto right angles séeing the straight or right beames are caried led into themselues in such sort that as direct and re●lexen they méete and bee mixed and in this doubling as it were the vertue and force of the direct beames is on such wise increased that it kindleth burneth and consumeth And in either temperate zone is the reflexion caused at right angles in that the sun beames doe thwartly reach to the vpper face of the earth and are turned and extended backward vnto thwart angles which how much the néerer and liker they bee to the right so much the nearer doe they ioyne either beames togither by which they procéed and come into the nearer parts of the burning zone But so much the blunter as they streach so much the longer do they seperate either beames as howe much the more they are extended vnto the extreame or outmost bounds And for this cause doe they more heat then the fore parts of the temperate zone whose heate is a litle gentler or milder then the heate of the burning zone and the beames a litle further of whose colde notwithstanding differeth somewhat from the extreame or outmost vntemperate zones And those which streach and fall into the middle region of either temperate zone doe cause a meane betwéene the right and very sharp angles and yet not directly matched or ioyned nor doe they by so neare a space communicate their vertue as in the beginning of it neither by so large a distance as in the end but in the middle in a maner So that they cause and increase a temperate heate in the same zone But in the extreame or colde Zones is no reflexion of beames caused for those beames equally distant from the earth are streached forth infinitely and for that cause doe those neither giue light nor moue or procure heat neither doe those zones at any time warme either perfectly cleare or appeare bright but that they continually be foggy misty darke and bitter or extreame cold through the continuall mists which more and more increase especially toward the northerly pole And yet many affirme a reasonable dwelling in those places yea and vnder the Northerly pole but far colder and bitterer dwelling through the far being from the way of the sun and beholding of the comfortabler starres For the Sunne through his ouer far distance cannot by his presence aboue the earth comfort and heate This now is the perfect cause of the diuers and vniuersall coustitutions of the ayre and chiefe qualities in each zones so that of the particular constitutions be other causes But to returne vnto the temperate Zones the latitude of either temperate Zone is of 43. degrées almost of Germaine miles 645. and of furlongs 21500. So that the Boreallor Northerly zone beginning from the Tropick of Cancer endeth at the arcticke cyrcle or at the degrée of latitude 66. and 31. minutes And the Southerly from the Tropicke of Capricorne is extended or reacheth vnto the antarcticke cyrcle or the degrée of the Southerly latitude 66. and 32. minutes The vntemperate cold zones that reach frō either temperate vnto the poles of the worlde doe mooue continuall cold and frosts So that the beames of the sun although they pearse and enter through yet seeing they extende not backward nor through the reflexion or streaching backeward be strengthned and sharpned therefore can they not so heate that by the thawing they dissolue the earth and yse nor put away or voyde the mist. Now the vntemperate Northerly zone beginning from the 66. degrée and 31. minutes of the Northerly latitude endeth at the Pole arcticke and the vntemperate southerly zone begun from the same bounde of the Southerly latitude extendeth and endeth at the pole antarcticke Those people which dwell vnder the burning zone bee named of the Gréekes Amphiskioi Amphiscij in that the Noone shadowes at diuers times of the yeare goe or be cast to them twoe waies as toward the South or North. And twise also in the year runneth the sun right ouer their heades as is demonstrated in the second Theorme of Euclide so that at Noone it commeth to passe that they haue almost no shadow for the sun being direct or in right line ouer their heades at Noone hee then sendeth downe right Beames which are cast or streached to the plaine of the earth at right angles so that their shadowe falleth and is right vnder the feete and not on any side of them So that the sun in any other time of the yeare beeing without the verticall pointes the shadowes at Noone are one whiles cast into the South and another whiles into the North vnto them euen as the sun digressing from their toppes or Noonstéed is either caried into the North or otherwise declineth into the South This sorte of people which bee vnder either temperate zone are called of the Gréeke Cosmographers Eteroskioi Heteroscij in that they haue a single

night being alike the day encreaseth and hée ascending to vs ward doth after abate the cold on the earth and both slaketh and melteth the frostes and yce and the hidden vertues againe of the earth hee then beginneth to loose open chearish and stirre vp by his liuely heate and both looseth and sheadeth forth the dew moysture inclosed and draweth vppe and procureth young plants to spring through his comfortable warmth dayly shewed vpon the earth They deuided the whole Zodiacke according to length into twelue equall partes which they named signes through the moone as guide and ruler of the same which passing yearely by the Zodiack 13. times to the suns slower going twelue times conioyned with him in twelue places of heauen Those signes the ancient Gréeks name zòdia either by the figures of creatures which the fixed stars in their standing shewe and expresse or by some naturall agréement they so assigned names to them Or els they appointed the names of beasts to the signes through the congruent nature betwixt Starres and beastes Also through the effects which the sun hath in those places Besides these the auncient astronomers described the other starres without the Zodiacke by images that placed into images they might be the commodiouser taught and expressed in heauen to the vnderstanding of yong students and that their rising and setting might also bee the more readily demonstrated Ptholomie named those Dodekatemòria that is the twelue parts The Latines called them signes and constellations Also they named those partes signes for that in those twelue parts all the seasons of the yeare are noted Again they named the parts of the signes degrées of the dayly iourney of the sun in the Zodiack for that in iourneying by litle and litle he passeth through the whole Zodiacke They also deuided each signe into 30. parts or degrées through the suns dayly iourneys gained of the first mouer which in thirty dayes they declare by experience to haue measured and gone almost a twelfe part of the Zodiacke Or for that the space from one coniunction vnto an other is of 30. dayes which space of all writers is named a moneth Or else in that the sunne by the same number of daies hath measured almost this Arke or space of the Zodiacke Whereof they named the selfe same the thirty part of a signe through the suns motion euery 24. houres which the later Latines call degrées and the Gréeks Merè that the ancient call parts But the tenne partes or degrées of euery signe the Gréekes name Dekatas and the Latines Faces of which each signe doth conteyne thrée The names and characters of the signes of the Zodiacke are these ♈ Aries ♉ Taurus ♊ Gemini ♋ Cancer ♌ Leo ♍ Virgo These in that they make the halfe cyrcle of the Zodiacke declining into the North from the Equatoure therefore doe they name them the Boreall and Northerly signes The names and Characters of the other signes of the Zodiacke are these Libra ♎ Scorpio ♏ Sagitarius ♐ Capricornus ♑ Aquarius ♒ Pisces ♓ These in that they possesse the opposite place and the halfe cyrcle reaching into the South of the Zodiacke therefore do they name them the Meridionall and Southerly signes The sunne also iourneyeth by these signes as from the West into the East by a contrary order to the first moouer as this figure plainly demonstrateth beginning neuerthelesse at Aries and from Aries passing into Taurus and from Taurus into Gemini and so to the ende of the signes They deuided each signe into 30. degrées of length in that the whole Zodiacke like as the other greater or lesser cyrcle containeth 363. parts or degrées And as the Zodiacke hath in length 12. signes euen so it is requisite the same should be so many degrées broad as Capella writeth And as a degrée is in the signe the thirtieth parte or length the compasse of the whole Zodiacke should be the like in breadth Although Mars and Venus do sometimes digresse from those bonds yet that excesse is litle and very seldome and there can bee no other reason of the same then that such a latitude is permitted or assigned to the Zodiacke To this demaund why there are onely twelue signes and no more doeth Albumaser answere affirming that the first obseruers of the stars noted 48. images in the 8. heauen placed and decked with the stars that represent sundry formes and called by them for the form standing or nature of the stars of which they appointed 12. for the sunnes way and therefore so many are the signes of the Zodiacke But here may bée demanded where the Circumference of the Zodiacke is to which is thus answered that all the circumferences of the cyrcles imagined are in that hollow of the first heauen and likewise the signes are conceiued there to bee And where the signes with the images of the eight sphere are moueable and the starres in them seperated after a time Yet the number and names both of the signes and images remaine So that it is not materiall if that the starrie Aries seperate from the first Aries of the zodiacke and the other signes the like from one another by a most slowe course are caried and seperated The auncient men deuided the partes or degrées of the signes into lesser portions for the better attaining the precise point in the suns place So that they appointed to ech degrée 60. minutes to each minute 60. seconds to each second 60. thirdes c. For the infinite commodity of the numbers in calculating by reason of multiplication and diuision They also deuided the signes after two condicions as in the standing and qualities In the standing they distinguished them into principall fixed and common signes The principall and moueable signes are those which nighest succeede the foure principal points of the zodiacke of which two possesse the Equinoctiall points of the whole cyrcle as Aries and Libra The other twoe nighest to the Solstitiall points are named the Tropickes as Cancer and Capricornus The firme or fixed signes next to the principall are Taurus Leo Virgo and Aquarius The cōmon or meane or of two bodies being the other foure which placed as in the middle betwéen the principall and fixed signes doe so obtaine a common nature of both as Gemini Virgo Sagitarius and Pisces In the qualities they assigned them into foure Trients which the Latines name Tryangles and thrée cornered the common writers nameth Triangularites or Tripli ' cities The first trient containeth Aries Leo and Sagitarius which are by the space of foure signes inclusiuely distant or of 120. degrées that are hot and dry fiery cholericke and masculine The second Tyient comprehended Taurus Virgo and Capricornus which beeing distaunt by the like space are colde and drie earthly melancholicke and feminine The third Trient hath Libra Gemini and Aquarius which beeing distaunt by the space of foure signes are hot and moyst sanguine aereall and masculine The fourth Trigon or Trient doeth containe

and reasonable well furnished of all things néedfull for mans life So that in the same middle Region of the earth vnder the Equatour it appeareth that through the coldnesse of the night it doth there temper sufficiently the burning heat of the day Besides these after the mind of Hiero. Cardane in that Saturne Mercurie and the moon which properly are cold and moyst planets haue a great force in the Regions vnder this zone but especially the moon that worketh her most force there in the night time more then the other twoe and of this cause more temperatnesse in the day time Besides these it is well known that those people haue two summers and two winters in the yeare For in the yeare of our Lord 1530. at the will and charge of Charles the fift Emperor a parte of America westward was discouered where Peru among the rest was found richest both of Gold and other rich things and costly drugges which is situated in longitude of 290. degrées from the West toward the East and is distant 5. degrées from the Equatoure toward the South But what substance of Gold and other rich things hath yearely bene brought from this yle néedeth not here any further rehersall And the like is to be considered and noted of the other two zones contained betwéene the Polare cyrcles and Poles of the worlde Although Albertus Mag. denieth a commodious dwelling for men in those places and confirmeth the same by probable reasons yet experience reclaimeth and denieth those opinions of his and other ancient writers In that it is well knowne that Gothland Norway Russia Lapeland Groueland and diuers other countries towarde the North pole is inhabited and well peopled And Galeottus Naruiensis proueth that men dwell vnder the North pole affirming the same not to bee true that the cause of the cold there is onely the far distaunce of the sun as not of the heate by nearenesse of his comming In that the sun by reason of the signe in which he is either increaseth or diminisheth them with vs. Besides he affirmeth that the colde is not so dispersed rounde about as that it compasseth rounde after the forme of a cyrcle nor that the heate in like sort doeth run round about the whole body of the earth Further Cardane writeth that vnder the poles there is no such coldnes as some suppose in that the Moone Venus and Mars haue the greatest latitudes in respect of the sun and the others besides For the moon hath fiue degrées to the North Venus and Mars excéed vnto eight degrées Northward but Saturne which is the author of cold scarcely performeth thrée degrées Northward Besides these the Moone more auaileth Northward and Southward neare to the poles then the sunne in that she nearer approacheth those parts For the Moone as aboue said hath fiue degrées of latitude as well to the North as South so that when she shall be in the first degrée of Cancer with her greatest latitude Northward that is in the head of the Dragon she shal then be néerer by fiue degrées to the Northerly pole then the sunne And in like maner when she shalbe in the taile of the Dragon at the entrance and beginning of Capricorne she shall bee nearer the pole antarcticke by fiue degrées than the sun Although in the winter the moone should be in the beginning of Capricorn with the Southerly latitude of foure or fiue degrées yet may she worke and cause more in the change of weather and shall cause more in Scotland than the sun in that her power and vertue there is such But in Brasilia and vnder the antarcticke pole for two causes the one in that shee is there of such power and the other for that in her working she is nearer What the longitudes and latitudes of the celestiall Zones are THe longitude of Zones beginneth from the West and is extended by the Noonestéede into the East and from the East againe by the midnight pointe into the West The motions of the sun in the zodiacke and Poles of the zodiacke doe describe the latitude of the zones For the suns motion or the zodiacke do describe the burnt zone séeing the sun on the one parte of the zodiacke goeth toward the North vnto the elongation of 23. degrées 28. minutes and being by his dayly motion in the beginning of Cancer doth describe the Tropick of Cancer which is the bound of the two zones the burnt zone and Northerly temperate Zone And on the other part of the zodiacke doeth the sun goe into the South vnto the same elongation and being in the beginning of Capricorne doth likewise describe the Tropicke of Capricorne which is the bounde of the other twoe zones in that it distinguisheth the burnt from the southerly temporate zone And the space also included in these two cyrcles vsing the middle place is called the burnt zone and thus the burnt zone doth imploy 46. degrées and 57. minutes The Poles of the Zodiacke which are dayly about the Poles of the worlde from which they differ 23. degrées and 28. minutes and are drawn by the motion of the first mouer doe describe two cyrcles in the diuers parts of heauen as the Polare cyrcles which also be the bounds of the zones that distinguish the twoe temperate from the colde zones So that the latitude of either colde zone vnto the poles of the world is of 23. degrées and 28. minutes The other degrées of the semicyrcle are atributed to the temperate zones so that either zone containeth 43. degrées and 3. minutes What is the Longitude and Latitude of the earthly Zones THe longitude of the earthly zones is like to the longitude of the celestiall as from the West by the noon stéed into the East and from thence by the midnight pointe againe into the West And the latitude of them is like to the latitude of the celestial zones for as the maner of the latitude of the celestiall burnt Zone is vnto the whole cyrcumference euen so is the maner of the earthly burnt zone vnto the compasse about of the earthly Globe that is as 47. degrées is vnto 360. and so likewise conceiue of the others And that this may plainer appeare vse the figure following in which a l h e. is the meridian or Colure of the solstices e x l. the Equatoure a x h. the meridian s u p. the earthly Globe s n. the earthly Tropicke of Cancer k o. the Tropicke of Capricorne t u. and q p. the arcticke cyrcles To these answere f r o k b b. and d s m c c. also c ff b a g e e i. the celestiall cyrcles And what the proportion f d. is vnto the whole cōpasse d a k g f the same is as aboue written the proportion r s. vnto the whole cyrcumference of the earthly Globe and on this wise conceiue of the other cyrcles The letters f d. bee the latitude of the celestiall burnt zone and r s. of the earthly d c.