admirable effects for the root of Peony applyed to the head or hung about the neck doth cure the Epilepsy Mint put into milk hinders its coagulation and condensation into Cheese as it hath been proved by men of good credit The herb AEthiopis if Fliny speaks true cap. 4. lib. 26. Herba Ethlopidis will pull off Iron if it be touched which Matthiolus also asserts of the herb Lunary or Moon-wort which because it wresteth off Iron shoes from travelling horses is called by the Italians Sferra cavallo The Author of Libri sanitatis doth aver with Tribius that the Bird called Pye shutting the orifice of her nest can cause the doors to fly open onely by the touch of a certain herb some attribute this vertue onely to the Bird others to the herb Theophrastus a most skilfull Herbalist makes mention of a certain herb which so powerfully provokes to Lustfull Couplation that if the Noble Author speaks true it is more than credible that Nature hath devoted this to the cold and weak constitutions as the Nymphea to the lecherous Clymenum rubrum or Pile wort Herba Ficeria hath such power in curing the Piles that whoso carries with him the root of this herb shall be preserved safe from this Disease It is scarce credible that which Josephus writes of that admirable Plant which is called Bâ—ard from Baaran a Valley of Judaea which being sprung out of the earth doth cast out a certain bright fulgur and in the night shines like a burning Lamp which cannot be touched by any unless it be first wet with urine or womans blood for otherwise who ever toucheth it presently dyed but by the afore said sprinkling it may be cradicated by which it loses its destructive quality And that which was most wonderfull it cured Mad men and Demomacks which when the Inhabitants adjoyning perceived they very discreetly tyed a Dog fast to it which incited or compelled by hunger or called upon with much struggling pulled up the Plant. Many other Miracles doth God work in this his Foot stool the estimation whereof Experience alone doth teach Yet hath he produced nothing any way noxious to Mankinde to which he hath not ordained a convenient and wholsome Remedy Contrario contrarium Deus opponit for he opposes one Contrary to another and one Dissentany to another As to the herb Wolfs-bane he hath opposed Aristoloch Long. to Hemlock Smallidge seed to Henbane Garlick to Helmet-flower Radish-seed to a Viper wilde Bugloss to Scorpions Trefoile or Jasmine the root of which doth vindicate and preserve the Bearer from bitings by Scorpions or frees him from pain that is bitten his hands also that are anointed with the juice of May weed cannot be stung with Bees or Wasps It will not be beyond our scope here to take notice of the various natures of Plants for some are green and flourish in the middle of Winter as Wolfs-bane and black Hellebor other Plants in the Equinoctial or Spring tide others in the heat of Summer and some in Autumn at which time all others are for the most or greatest part deprived both of leaves and flowers CHAP. V. Of the matter of Medicaments and whence it proceeds THE principal differences of medicinal Ingredients as well forreign as domestick are taken either from their matter or faculties From the Matter which according to Dioscorides and Galen is three-fold whereupon three general differences of Medicaments do arise to wit drawn either from Plants Minerals or Animals In the first genus are contained all kinds of Plants Medicamenta en plantis sumpta their several parts and what is deduced from them as roots barks stalks woods boughs leaves flowers fruits seeds gums rosins juices drops liquors missel-dews mosses cottens nuts In the second are contained the Elements themselves as Fire Flame Smoke Air serene or turbid hot cold moyst or dry Water pleasant salt winy saltish clammy sulphurous tasting of Nitre Brass or Iron all kinds of Earth as Bole Terra Lemnia Mellitea Chymolia Rubrica Ampelitis Erithrea Ochra Creta and in a word all Minerals which are digged out of the Bowels of the Earth as the several kinds of Stones as the Lapis Ethites Cyaneus seu Lazuli Metalla septem Judaicus as also Metals which are acknowledged by all to be seven Gold Silver Tin Lead Iron Copper and Quicksilver according to the number of the Planets whence according to the Spagyrians they borrow their names These also are improperly referred to the Minerals Bistumen Petrol all kinds of Salts Calchanth and Amber In the third genus are contained all Animals whether Integrals Medicamenta ex animalibus sumpta or In-parts Integrals as an old Cock in pottage to make the belly laxative and to nourish the body a Swallow eaten for to quicken the eye sight a roasted Lark against the Collick Crab fishes for such as are in Consumptions old Scorpions against their bitings Cantharides for Ruptures Parts of Animals as the brains of Sparrows against Stimulum veneris Hairs brain against Tooth-ach in Children Fox lungs against the consumption of the Lungs Wolfs liver against the consumption of the Liver an Asses liver against the Epilepsy the intestines of a Wolf against the Collick passions the back of Stinci marini against the stifness of the Yard Goats blood against the Stone Partridge or Kites gall to clear the eyes Cran. Human. against the Falling sickness the bone in the heart of a Hart against doting or roving Boars tooth against the Plurisy an Elephants tooth to corroborate the heart Monoceros or Rhinoceros horns to infringe Poyson an Elks hoof against the Falling sickness There are also yet many other parts of Animals whence Medicaments are assumed as Marrow Suet the fat of Calves Harts Hogs Kids Ducks Capons and Geese the milk of Women Asses and Sheep Cheese Butter Curds Cream Whey Butter-milk Hens eggs Fish-shels the hairs and other excrements of Animals which we particularly prescribe in the composition of Medicaments in our Pharmacopoeia CHAP. VI. Of the faculties of Medicaments and how many sorts there be accordingly THE faculty of a Medicament is a certain efficient cause What the faculty of a Medicine is on which its action depends Gal. l. de plenitud lib. 1. de simp whence we gather that the faculties are answerable in number to the actions as it is demonstrable in Aloes and many other simple Medicaments Aloes facultas for Aloes hath a faculty of purging corroborating the Ventricle killing and expelling Worms and exiccating the humours of the head Every Medicament therefore as to its faculty is three-fold alterative purgative and corroborative That is said to be alterative which is either internally assumed or externally applyed and so doth work a manifest mutation on our bodies and that according to Fernelius either in temperament Tertia medicamentorum alterantium in matter or form whence arise three kinds of alterative Medicaments first that which impensly heats cools moystneth
such things as he would have to congeal as jelly as also such things as are after coction hard he reposes in his Shop as solid Electuaries dry Conserves and Plasters Now Refrigeration differs from Extinction in this that all things extinguished are refrigerated not on the contrary c. CHAP. XVI Of Putrefaction and Fermentation GAlen out of Aristotle observes cap. 9. lib. 2. de diff feb comm ad part 1. lib. 3. epid that Putrefaction proceeds alwayes from external heat in a humid matter as also the internal heat cocteth and corrupteth not So also whatever is in every part dry doth never apertly putrifie as we see neither Brick nor Gold nor Silver to putrifie And because things are putrid from an external heat Mensis Philosophicus Chymicorum Putrefaction is a kinde of Coction as when some medicamental matter is left in a Vial occinded in dung or as Alcumists say a Horses belly for they give feigned names to their feigned art for the space of thirty and sometimes forty dayes the last term whereof is called by them the Philosophical month and the Liquor of this Putrefaction menstruous or Putrefaction finished in a months space The Alcumists own this kinde of preparation Menstruum quid Chymicis as peculiar to themselves but Galen many years before they were hatched taught how to putrifie the Gem Calcitis and Litargie obruted with dung after they were put into a new pot with Vinegar And the Apothecaries also of our time have in this owned Galen who macerate and putrifie the branches of black Poplar for many months together either with Hogs grease for the confection of the Populeon Unguent or with Oil for the Medicine helping weariness Fermentation is not so proper to Medicaments Fermentatio as to Meats and Drinks for a lump of Dough is fermented or leavened that it may make more pleasant and wholsome Bread Wine and Beer are fermented when they grow cold and when there is a segregation of the sincere Suck or Juice Dregs or Faces Sirrups Conserves and Electuaries are also then fermented when new made they refrigerate in the Vessels Alcumists have their fermentation also which they sometimes call Vivification and sometimes Resuscitation for thereby they say that the matter perished is as it were resuscitated from the dead and acquires new virtues The vain Gold-mongers also promise that such a Fermentation will conduce to the transmutation of Metals but they never yet knew the matter of the Ferment nor the manner of its confection CHAP. XVII Of Dissolution MEdicaments are wont to be variously changed before they be exhibited for the most part when whole Medicaments will not serve they are prepared by some triture or dissolution in some liquor or other 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Now this dissolution is a certain triture whereby Medicaments as well simple as compound are dissolved in some fit humour to a moderate consistency and sometimes smaller sometimes thicker according to the Physicians purpose Now Medicaments are dissolved for many uses first Dissolutionis usus multiplex that they may be easily assumed secondly that they may more readily be compounded with others thirdly that they may sooner be distributed fourthly that they may penetrate into the part affected and if need be remain there as when liquid Medicaments are injected into the belly bladder intestines or any Ulcer in the body fifthly Medicaments are dissolved that they may afterwards be strained and that their virtues purged from excrements may sooner enter the inward parts Thus Medicaments which break the Stone Dithontriptica are dissolved sometimes in white Wine sometimes in the juice of Limmons in the water of Wall pelitory Radish-roots or such like that they may more easily permeate the holes of the reins and the passages of the ureters On the contrary such as are to be moved with the Spittle are to be dissolved in a thicker matter as in Conserves or Sirrup Anachartasis quomodo movonda that they may appear rather as a Medicine to be sucked than drunk And as Triture so also Infusion and oftentimes Calefaction are requisite to Dissolution for such as are hard pliant and viscid can scarce be dissolved till they be broken or steeped or calefied by the Sun or Fire Thus many Medicaments may be dissolved presently after Triture and many kinds of Earth others not without long agitation as all shels of Fishes and many more Some require both Maceration and Calfaction as many Gummes which before dissolution should be macerated with strong Vinegar Aqua vitae or strong Wine But Metals and Minerals cannot be dissolved in any juice or liquor Non quavis in quovis liquore dilui but in the juice of Limmons in Vinegar distilled or in such Watert as the Alcumists call strong Waters Any Medicament therefore is not dissolved in any liquor but in some fit and determinate one for Turpentine may lie a whole natural day in water or in a decoction and scarce be dissolved without some Eggs yolks be superadded In general Grease Marrow and Fatness are melted at the fire that they may be more easily dissolved and ingrede the composition of Unguents and Plaisters All kinds of odoriferous Medicaments are dissolved in cordial Waters or altering Waters for moyst medicinal Plaisters Pils or other Purges whether compound or simple are dissolved in Aqua vitae or other convenient Liquor by an artificial sedulity in drawing out their extracts Solid things also which neither can nor ought to be exhibited in that form are first to be broken and dissolved in some convenient liquor that they may more safely and easily be assumed CHAP. XVIII Of Liquation ALL Medicaments after due preparation thereunto may be dissolved but few can be melted for Stones may be burned Wood accended but in no wise melted because not congulated with cold Liquatio quid For saith Aristotle cap. 6. lib. 7. meteor Liquation is a solution of those things which are congealed by cold into a more liquid and fluent consistency by heat as Fatness Marrow Oil in winter and such like which with little cold are concreted and with little heat diffuded But such things as are concreted with diurnal cold are very hard to â—elt as Gold Brass and Iron the fusion whereof rather pertains to such as are exercised in Metals and not in Medicaments to an Artist and not a Philosopher Liquation differs from Dissolution Dissolutio non nisi fit cum humere in that Liquation is alwayes caused by heat and seldome or never with any humour Dissolutition alwayes with humours seldome with heat Lead is soon melted with heat Sulphur Pitch and Rosin sooner Salt Manna Sugar Gums of Ivy Prunes Juniper and other Trees are sometimes worked in hot water and so diffused that they may be dissolved The Alcumists have illustrated a Pyrothecny Quomodo metalla facile liquentur and have invented many things whereby the liquative or fusitive Art is enriched as
Foxes lungs pag. 449 Frankincense pag. 381 Froggs pag. 462 463 Frontals pag. 198 Their various forms pag. 199 Fruits how to keep them pag. 146 A Frontal mitigating pain and conciliating sleep pag. 119 Fumatory pag. 334 Furnace how to be built pag. 89 Their various use Ibid. G. GAlls pag. 392 Galanga pag. 272 Galbanum pag. 401 Galens father had bitter honey pag. 101 His opinion concerning the purgative faculty pag. 12 Gargarisms what they are pag. 161 A Gargarism to purge flegm from the brain Ibid. A cleansing Gargarism Ib. For Venereous ulcers in the throat Ibid. When they are to be used Ibid. Gems pag. 419 Genitals of a Hart. pag. 454 Gentian pag. 300 Germander pag. 326 Ginger its description where the best grows its vertues pag. 270 Girasola pag. 420 Gith pag. 328 Glysters their use pag. 183 Glyster-decoction how long it may be kept Ibid. Who was their first inventor Ibid. Those that have no fats purge stronger pag. 184 A carminative Glyster Ib. A Glyster for the Apoplexie pag. 184 For the Dysentery Ibid. Goats suet pag. 444 Goats hoof pag. 161 Goats blood its preparation pag. 442 Gourds their difference pag. 241 Gold is good and evil pag. 426 Its vertues pag. 427 Gold glue pag. 399 Goose-grease pag. 446 A superstitious opinion about it Ibid. Goose-grass pag. 361 Goose-berry-tree pag. 386 Gossipium pag. 362 Gradation pag. 92 Grain what it is pag. 135 Granate pag. 415 Grass its kindes pag. 303 Vertues pag. 304 Knotgrass pag. 349 Grief what it is pag. 113 Its effects Ibid. Gromel pag. 323 Grapes pag. 385 Ground-pine pag. 326 Guaiacum its differences and vertues pag. 288 How long it should be macerated pag. 59 Gum what it is pag. 394 How gums are to be infused pag. 56 Gum-Arabick pag. 395 Traganth pag. 396 Elemni pag. 383 Ivy. pag. 403 Gypsum what it is pag. 422 H. HAEmatites pag. 419 Hare burnt is good for the Stone pag. 67 A Hare that had Horns pag. 443 Sea-Hare Ibid. Hares Blood Ibid. Harts-pizle dried its vertues pag. 16 Harts-flesh burnt expels stones Ibid. Harts tears pag. 454 Harts heart-bone Ibid. Harts marrow pag. 443 Hartwort pag. 299 Its varieties vertues pag. 300 Hemina pag. 137 Haxagion pag. 135 Hartichoak pag. 333 How to preserve their stalks pag. 345 Hellebore its kindes pag. 265 Vertues Ibid. Hemionitis pag. 236 Henbane its kindes and vertues pag. 349 Hepaticks pag. 19 Hepatiorum pag. 356 Hepatica Ibid. Herbs where they are to be kept pag. 145 Capillary Herbs pag. 150 Whence they have their name Ibid. Emollitive Herbs pag. 151 How Herbs are to be dried pag. 145 Hermodactyls used in the Shops pag. 262 How they differ from Ephemerus and Colchicus Ibid. Hiera Picra whence it hath its name pag. 111 Why Galen called it so pag. 112 The variety of descriptions thereof pag. 113 Hiera Picra Galeni or Galens Hiera pag. 567 Hiera Picra cum Agarico or Hiera with Agarick pag. 568 Hiera Pachij Ibid. Hiera Diacolocynthidos pag. 569 Hieracia pag. 243 Hipocistus pag. 391 Hippocrates Wine pag. 56 Hypolapathum pag. 253 356 Hispidula pag. 363 Honey pag. 224 The first inventor of it pag. 100 How the best may be known pag. 225 When it is to be despumed by it self pag. 84 What bodies it will preserve pag. 99 Honey of Fruits pag. 225 Bitter Honey pag. 100 Anacardian Honey how it is made pag. 78 Honey of Rosemary pag. 531 Of Mercury pag. 532 Of Raisons pag. 102 Of Roses pag. 530 Of Violets pag. 531 Hogs grease pag. 445 Hoglice pag. 204 Honeysuckles pag. 338 Hops pag. 359 Hordeat what it is pag. 164 Horehound pag. 318 Hounds-tongue pag. 348 Housleek pag. 351 Humectation is a kin to Infusion pag. 57 For what Med. it is useful Ibid. Humor that is cold and gross will be but slowly purged pag. 141 Hyachinthus pag. 415 Hydragogous pag. 28 Hydragoge Eximium pag. 565 Hydrolapathum pag. 356 Hydromel what is to be understood by its name pag. 100 What proportion of Honey to water in Hydromel Ibid. Hydromel Melicratum and Mulsum are the same Ibid. Hydromel of the country mans Ibid. Hydromel vinosum simp or simple vinose pag. 528 Hydromel Ibid. Hypercatharticks pag. 28 Hypnoticks pag. 29 Hypocaust what it is pag. 188 What must be done before going into it Ibid. Hypoplomon pag. 344 Hyssop pag. 329 I. JAsper pag. 419 Imbution what it is pag. 53 Indian Leaf pag. 285 Induration what pag. 75 Infection pag. 59 Infusion how it is made pag. 56 Its use Ibid. Insess its materials and use pag. 186 187 An Insess to asswage the pain of the reins Ibid. To allay the Cholick pag. 187 Insipid pag. 39 Insolation what pag. 71 Intinct Green pag. 77 Intybolachanum pag. 243 Intybum Ibid. Joseph had Pharmacy in great esteem pag. 3 Irrigation what pag. 192 Irrigation provoking sleep Ibid. It may be reduced to Humectation pag. 57 Iron the kindes thereof pag. 430 It is not evil in it self pag. 431 Its rust Ibid. Isinglass how it is made pag. 452 Judaicus Lapis pag. 400 Juice what it is pag. 394 How it may be kept long without putrefaction pag. 78◠How to repose them pag. 146 Juice of Liquorish pag. 392 How it is made pag. 393 Juices mixt with Honey pag. 102 Jujubees pag. 381 Julep what it is pag. 166 Its dose pag. 167 How it differs from a Syrupe and Apozeme Ibid. A Julep conciliating sleep pag. 167 Julepus Ziziphorum pag. 166 Juniper Berries pag. 391 Ivory pag. 454 Gum of Ivy. pag. 403 K. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pag. 31 Kathareiticon Ibid. Keiri pag. 309 Kermes Berries what pag. 283 Their vertues Ibid. Their Juice pag. 284 Kings ancient care of the health of their Armies pag. 2 Kings in time past did prepare Med. Ibid. Knotgrass pag. 349 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pag. 31 L. LAcca what it is pag. 393 Lacryma of the Ethiopian Olive pag. 383 Laddanum what it is pag. 391 Ladies Rose pag. 247 Lake of Sodom pag. 403 Lapis Bezoardicus whence it hath its name where it is generated how to know it pag. 457 Lapis Caliminaris pag. 433 Lapis Heraclius pag. 417 Lapis Judaicus pag. 420 Lapis Lazuli pag. 417 The difference between it and Lapis Armenij Ibid. Lapis Nephriticus pag. 420 Lapis 〈◊〉 Ibid. Lapis Selenites Ibid. Laranna pag. 383 Larix pag. 258 Laserpitium pag. 399 400 Laudanum pag. 595 Lavender greater pag. 286 Lead its sorts and vertues pag. 428 How to wash it pag. 54 How to powder it pag. 62 How to burn it pag. 69 Leeks pag. 307 Leopards bane pag. 330 Lemond pag. 370 How to candy their peels pag. 543 Lentisk pag. 384 Lettice pag. 241 Why so called its differences and vertues Ibid. It may be both aliment and poyson pag. 5 How to preserve their stalks pag. 545 Libisticum pag. 299 Liccorish pag. 392 Its Juice pag. 393 Lice the principle of it is fire and water pag. 217 Ligula pag. 136 Lillies pag. 250 Lilly Convalli Ibid. Limation
the Earth some secret good doth give ' And nought so rich on either Rock or Shelf ' But if unknown lyes useless to it self ' Therefore who thus doth make his Secrets known ' Doth profit others but not hurt his own Sirs Communication is the primo-genito of Goodness and why should so singular a benefit longer lye hid Doth not the immense Excellency of Eternity delight himself in expanding the beams of his Goodness and why should the younger Sister the Sun-burned beauty of Knowledge and Science sublunar be encloystered within the obscure verge of a forreign Language barbarous and almost inexplicable Idiome Undoubtedly Brethren Heaven will follow it with a correspondency of Blessings We desire not Sirs to degrade or go about to darken the splendour or obstruct the luster of the Oriency of that never fading Crown due to the Seraphick Founts of Learning but to exclaim and not without cause against the Saturnine tyrannie of such whose endeavours are to monopolize all Arts and Sciences in an uncouth Magazine and to inhance them as by Letter-Patent locking them up with the feculent bolts of Self-exaltation beyond the usual extension of vulgar Capacities not allowing them the priviledge to peep within the veil How many thousands of poor Wretches that are arrested by the virulent malignity of a distemper and by its creeping Gangrena preposterously hurried into the boats of Charon whereas a small matter and it may be a Plant sprouting at their own doors might dissipate its vehemency at its first onset if throughly understood and rightly applyed Was it not the practice of the Heathens Magi Damones and Sophoi to captive the People under the hatches of blindness and did they not receive the just Guerdon of fallacy Shall Science be a peculiar mans property God forbid Is not Salus Populi the Pallisado of Republicks and Experience Corona Scientiarum It importeth you Sirs whom God hath called in a peculiar manner to be as it were his Vice-gerents to operate in things about life and death to endeavour a promotion of the former by preparing fitly Natures Offspring for convenient and suitable Nutriment to so sublime a subject and to increase the latter by making confused things every where occurrent distinct and abstruse obvious Sirs you live in a City which the Eternal Being hath bedubbed and adorned with variety of blessings clarified Intellectuals and well polished Judgements you are subservient to the refinedst Artists under the Cope of Heaven crowned with never-fading-Palms for their boundless knowledge in the Botannick Art What Plant is there in the fertile womb of the Earth that is not now found out and known What glistering and shining Stars do daily appear in your Horizon Can every age boast of a Gerard Parkinson or Johnson what an incomparable * Cheapside Garden have you hourly access unto which may contend with the greatest part of the World for Glory Beauty and Variety and shall not these Considerations alarm you you that are called Opiferque per Orbem to demonstrate your zeal to your Native Countrey by discovering in intelligible Characters the virtues properties and qualities of such Simples as this Climate is luxuriant with which Sirs would be an overflourishing Herald to emblazon your Escutcheons without Star half Moon spot or blemish and eternize your names in indelible stamps upon the pinnacle of Fame and when your Works shall redeem sick consumed persons from their expected Coffins you shall be adored as so many Deities adumbrated in bodies of flesh Be ye the Golden Heliotropes of Gods right hand shutting and opening at his good will and pleasure not wrapping your Talents in the Napkin of secresy but rather laying out your endeavours for the good of your Countrey Then would exotical Plants submit to the excellency of domestick Simples and homebred remedies be sought after for home-bred diseases You cannot be ignorant what calumnies of late have been hurled upon both Physicians and Apothecaries the cause of such detraction is Ignorance Successit odium in Literas ab Ignorantia vulgi Which Junius well perceived And can these men judge of a Scholars worth and pains that are not acquainted with study-labours That long since unforked dilemma of Pliny hath often been revived and to this day fostered which is thus stated Every Disease is either curable or incurable a man either recovers of it or is killed by it both wayes Physick is to be rejected if it be deadly it cannot be cured if it may be helped it requires no Physick Nature will expell it of it self Doubtless Sirs it concerns you to dispell such Clouds seeing some have been so impudent to hold that it is no Art at all nor worthy the name of a Liberal Science as Pet and Canouherius a Patrician of Rome and a famous Doctor goes about to prove by 16 Arguments because it is mercenary as now adayes used as Fidlers play for a reward and that the Devil himself was the first Inventor of it Inventum est Medicina meum said Apollo Neither have the Paracelsian Order as so many Promethei that would fetch Fire from Heaven the least share in these Contumelacies how are Galen and Hippocrates who were the first that ever writ of Physick to any purpose censured by them for immethodical and obscure terming their Medicines obsolete and their Precepts confused and for the most part rejected by them calling them Mountebanks Empericks Impostors Infants Idiots Sophisters and such like not worthy the name of Physicians who were not versed in the knowledge of such Remedies as they had boasting that he himself could make a man live 160 years by his Alexipharmacums Panacea's Mumia's Unguentum Armarium and such Magnetical Cures Lampas vitae mortis Balneum Dianae Balsamum Electrum Magieo-Physicum Amulets Martiala What will not he who stiles himself Theophrastus Hariolum Bombastum Hohanhein and his Disciples effect He proclaims himself to be Primus Medicorum and did more famous Cures than all Physicians in Europe vapouring that a drop of his Preparations should go further than an ounce of theirs How is Galen taxed by Cardan without a due consideration of his worth for presuming out of his Ambition as he terms it to correct Theriacum Andromachi and why there must be just so many Simples in Mithridate and why such and such a quantity How are the Receipts of Myrepsius Mesue Celsus Scribanius Actuarius and others for the most part now condemned and neglected Every private man must have his own Compositions and Magisterials as if he scorned Antiquity each fellow must correct and alter to shew his skill and maintain his own Paradox be it what it will and in the mean time the Patients must pay for their new Experiments But we will not urge these cavilling Arguments any further we hope Sirs you understand the frothiness of such Positions and that you will be ready to vindicate it from such Aspersions and acknowledge it to be a noble and divine Science insomuch that Apollo Esculapius
to wit Drugs for the sacred Scriptures shew that they were not onely extant from the beginning but also [g] [g] [g] Eccles 38. chap. created of the most High for the good of man for God created all living Creatures Vegetables and Medicinal materials purely for the service of man out of which our Fore fathers by their industry out of regard to their healths found out many occult virtues and thereby prolonged their lives to old age King [h] [h] [h] Cap. 20. l. 4. Reg. Ezechias was sick even to death and was recovered by the prescript of Isaiah with a Plaster made of Figs and applyed to the place affected Mithridates freed himself from all pestilence and poyson with an Antidote of his confection which derived its name from him insomuch that being not able with Poyson he put a period to his dayes with his own Sword Emperours in time past thought it a Princely thing to prepare and carry about them certain convenient Medicaments upon all occasions and accidents Reges olim multa medicamenta parasse and withall to present them to those persons of what degree soever whose favour they sought for as a sufficient inducement to an obligation of gratitude For this end and purpose Cambyses sent Unguents and Spices to the King of Egypt as a Present becoming so sublime a Person therewith to preserve his health For it is more safe for a King or Captain in his Tent to want his Backler and Helmet than salubrious remedies fit and convenient for all accidents of Ware hence many wise men have more estermed of wholsome Medicines than a rich Treasure It is reported of Dariue that he so much valued a certain Balsam that he not onely reposed it amongst his pretious goods but preferred it before all his outward enjoyments We reade the same of the Emperour Tiberius who alwayes carried with him Trochisks a certain epidemical remedy Kings also are wont not onely to command a Box or Bottle of Oil and Balsam to be ready in their Tents but also a whole Apothecaries Shop furnished with variety of operating Medicaments for help and comfort whereby they have oftentimes freed themselves and Army from great perils that would otherwise have accrued and sometimes from death it self Hence Physicians are called Dii â—ntelarii Medici Dâ—orumfilii Tutelary Gods or as Gulâ—â— hath it [i] [i] [i] â— de med c. 3. the Sons of Apolle hence Heraphitus calls [k] [k] [k] L. 6. coâ—â—p med locis Medicaments Gods omnipresent hand which frees the fick from the danger of their diseases and restores perfect health whence a certain Antidote is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i e. equal to God because it is endued with power to operate as from a Deity And in Mirepsius another Antidote is called [l] [l] [l] L. 2.45 Sanitas i. e. health Another also by the same Mirepsius is called [m] [m] [m] L. 2.14.2.15.2.16 Theodoretos i. e. the gift of God by reason of its excellent virtue incuring internal and external maladies This medicinal Art doth prepare and afford infinite Medicines of admirable virtue and wonderfull operation which no publick City nor private Family can want without manifest prejudice and great detriment to the preservation of their healths nay it is of such a transcendent worth that God would not have his Tabernacle destitute of this Art and therefore [n] [n] [n] Exod. c. 30. Unguentum sanctum Moses anointed it with holy Oil compounded of Myrrhe Cinamon Calamus Cassia and Oil. Joseph also had Pharmacy in great esteem for when his Father Jacob dyed Gen. 50. he commanded his Servants and Physicians to imbalm his Corps Is this Art therefore to be contemned and despised that is by Holy Writ thus honoured which affords to the sound a preservative to the sick a remedy and to the dead honour and renown CHAP. II. What an Apothecary is and ought to be and what also is his Subject Object and End AS a Chirurgeon takes his denomination from his Vocation Chirurgus quis dicatur quid praestat or Art whereby he cures external distempers dexterously quickly safely and easily so doth the Pharmacopoean derive his name from the Physick which he makes or rather aptly compounds into a convenient Medicine So also is the Druggist nominated from those Simples and Drugs he sels as the Apothecary from the Apothectes or Shop where his Medicines are placed who in times past was called a Seplasiary from Seplasia a Market-place in Capua where the best odoriferous Unguents are made But these names are often used indistinctly and the concertation about the bare denomination is vain and frivolous when the substance is in handling Probity is not so requisite in a Philosopher as an Apothecary Vitae probitan in Pharmacopaeo desideratur whose sole work is to prepare Medicines for the Physicians administration either for preserving or procuring health for in his hands consists health and sickness life and death and he hath free power in the composure of his Physick not onely to obstruct the current of health but also deprive us of life when he is wickedly bent thereunto either out of malice or ignorance so that if Hippocrates be benest and upright it 's no matter if Socrates be a Knave But first of all What conversation an Apothecary ought to be of an Apothecary ought to be a Lover of Piety one that fears God voyd of Envy and Malice of a found judgement well skilled in Graâ—â—ar of a good competency not covetous pâ—tient of labour of great industry not given to corpulency and epicurism one that makes conscienceof his actions for an Atheist as he doth not respect the Cueatâ—â— so neither the Creature and an envious man repâ—â—es at 〈◊〉 theâ—â—mans good and a foolish man hath an inseparable property in him viz. a desire to hurt and the unskilfull thinks nothings 〈◊〉 but what he doth himself and the covetous man is good to nooe worst to himself and a poor man is easily corrupted for need will compell him to deal distonestry They also 〈…〉 or thy of the name and dignity of the Profession who are by natural jaclination Scoffers Drunkards Jesters Voluptuous Frroneous Garrulous Impostors Jugglers Day lurkers and Deceivers who with gilded pretences do deceive the Vulgar with trifles guiles boastings vaâ—â—promises adulation and lyes cheat them of their moneys deprive them of their health and by their delusion bring their lives in jeopardy Therefore nothingis more noxious to the Republick of a greater stain and blemish to the honour of the Profession and scandalous to good Letters than these kinde of men who ought to be eschewed as the vilest of Creatures and their company avoyded as pestilentious But whereas the subject of Pharmacy and Medicine is all one viz. mans body as it is capable of health or sickness the Physician and Apothecary ought to participate of many good qualities as prudence experience diligence and knowledge of
Medicaments The subject of Pharmacy is the Materials of Medicine Pharmaciam medicinae inservire the end and scope thereof the due composure of the same and the Apothecary that dares to attempt or assay further breaks his bounds and limits and is to be accounted a Mountebank a Quack and Deceiver I have known in France many Apothecaries What Apothecaries are to be looked on as Deceivers amongst whom I found some bold Attempters in the practick part of Physick who with flattery and large promises of great wonders did deceive the richer sort of women whom they did not onely deprive of their money but by exhibiting incongruous Medicines operating contra naturaus without method or due observation left their bodyes more diseased than in statu quo prius And others also who by their cunning sophistry did circumvent certain men of knowledge and repute even the Senators themselves Plin. c. 1. lib. 29. by stiling themselves Phyficians Learned men and the like they would feel the Pulse look upon the Urine and discourse of the Causes Symptomes Prognosticks and Cure of Diseases pretend to great things promise far greater and so assert many ridiculous things and prescribe Medicines that rather augment than abate of the we he mency of the distomper and this they impiously thrust their Sickle into the Physicians harvest and most unjustly exercise Pharmacy to the great prejudice of many by confiding in a bare Recipe without either giving cause or reason why it ought to be administred for we ought not to rest and rely upon the judgement of antient Sciolists who assert meerly upon their bare testimony and single apprehension certain Medicines which may prove benign and agreeable to Constitution at some certain time and thereupon preâ—und to be safely exhibited at all times without advice As for instance [o] [o] [o] Lactucae medicamentum esse potest Alimentum venenum Lettice unseasonably and in too great a quantity administred may as easily kill as Hemlock it is both nutrimeâ—â— and poyson accordingly as 't is used Doth not daily experience manifest that more perish by surfeting than any other distemper Doth not Wine though most agreeable to our nature destroy more than Warâ—â— For though it be very cordial and as it were the 〈◊〉 sanguis senectutis as it were old mens milk and restorative to life yet taken at an unfit season and immoderately proves noxiouâ—â—nd destructive The office therefore of an Apothecary is onely to exercise or compose certain Ingredients to a medicinal form The duty of an Apothecary and to adhibit them 〈◊〉 account manner to salutiferous use according to the prescript of some â—ilfull Physician which that he may with good success accomplish and answer the expectation of the Physician he ought first to select his ingredieâ—ts secondly to prepare them and thirdly to compound them of which we intend to speak in order But before we treat of the first let us enquire what a Medicament is CHAP. III. What a Medicament is and what an Aliment and what a Medium between both THE whole Man is a whole Disease saith Hippocrates Epist ad Damog for such is he when he proceeds into the world from the inquination of the wombe that he is ready for the Physician by reason of his imperfections and diseases which he is liable to either as a consequent from the dissent of the four qualities or from the ill use of such things which Nature appointed forâ—utâ—â—ment but through the abuse thereof causes innumerable Diseases in the Body which the medicinal Art out of a due observation thereof doth infallibly either prevent or cure either by the prescript of a wholsome Diet or by Medicaments either internally assumed or externally applyed as Hippocrates describes Lib. de diata Gal. de sanis And these are either simple which for the most part Hippocrates used or compounded according to Art they are called Simples which remain and are as Nature produced them as Cassia Rhabarb Polipody Colocynth with many others which have onely obtained their natural composition of the four Elements But they are called Compounds which consist of many Simples of divers virtues noited together by Art and Industry Now a Medicament differs from Aliment Medicamentum quid thus for that is called a Medicament which being either internally assumed or externally applyed can work an alteration in our bodyes as Pepper Euphorbium Pelitory c. And that is called Aliment Alimentum quid which internally assumed doth nourish and augment the body as Bread Wine the flesh of all flying and four footed Creatures except ravenous and rapacious for those Creatures that live by rape are of an evil humour and engender ill blood and are to be rejected as unclean And therefore in Divine Writ the Israelites were forbidden to eat either Eagle Vulture Griffon Raven Hawk or the like and we according to this Sacred Decree do prudently abstain from the flesh of Foxes Wolves Lyons and such rapacious Creatures Now the medium between both Alimentum medicamentosum is a medicinal Aliment which sympathetically partakes of both natures for it partly nourisheth and partly altereth the body as Lettice Radish root Gourd Garlick and many such like As there is betwixt Aliment and Medicament a certain medium so also is there betwixt Nutriment and Poyson for the one preserveth refresheth and augmenteth the other destroyes kils and corrupts betwixt both there is a Medicament which doth effect neither CHAP. IV Of the antient use of Simples alone and of their admirable proprieties GAlen observes out of Hippocrates Lib. de Elem. that a man could never be sick if he consisted onely of one Element for then every mans Nature would be one the Effect one the Cause of his return to his natural station one But now the absurdity lyes in this that whereas the species of diseases are infinite so also the remedies both simple and compound that are to be appropriated thereunto are almost influmerable Those Medicaments that are compounded and yet fearmed simple are but comparatively and improperly so stiled in as much as they are referred to others more compound as Oximel simplex Diaprunum simplex and the like but the Rose Endive Psantain Mine Wormwood and all kinde of Vegetables that are created which have received no composition or mixture by Art are properly called Simples by Physicians which they sometimes use alone as the juice of Plantain for astringent Lotions the juice of Water Lillies ad Erysipileta or St. Anthonies fire the juice of Betony the Canker with which it hath an admirable sympathy the juice of Vine-tendress by Galens advice against the Shingles the fresh or meat of Quinces applyed plaisterwise to the region of the stomack against choler and assumed against the bloody flux the body being first purged as also Betony against Cephalalgia as almost all Plants to the expelling of most Diseases That which is recorded of many Plants exceeds credit which produce
of which we intend to discourse particularly There is in Aliments an inexplicable quality Neither do we acknowledge this inexplicable property to consist solely in Medicaments and Poysons whereby the one cures and the other kils and sometimes expels diseases but also in Aliments which repair the loss of strength by that continual Effluvium for many abhor many meats which others take with a greedy appetite which though at first they are unlike yet after many concoctions become like and proper to our bodyes whence ariseth a great similitude betwixt the thing nourishing and that which is nourished which scarce can be defined and why this man is more delighted with this meat and that with another The eating of fish and flesh is familiar to our whole Nation yet have we known many faith Amatus Lucianus who altogether abstained from eating of flesh and others Historia notatâ— dign to whom not onely the eating but also the very smell of Cheese was as poyson Another have we known a Spaniard by Nation who never tasted of Fish but when he was invited by his Friend once to a Supper and had eaten Eggs with which the ashes of dryed Fish was cunningly mixed he fell into such a pain and anguish by vomiting that he was almost killed thereby The same famous Author also saw another a Venetian Monk in whom the smell of Roses would cause Madness which also I have observed in a Noble Lady And Julius Scaliger in a learned Cardinal as he affirms in his Exercises against Cardan viz. Exercit 153. part 10. where he commemorates a certain woman of excellent virtue and beauty named Francis who could by no means be perswaded before she was fourteen years of age to eat Flesh He affirms also that one of his Children as much abhorred Cabbages as himself did the Cressons As also a maid in the City Mediolim dyed with a draught of Cassia fistula for every mans peculiar appetite is proper to himself and many eschew Wint as Poyson others adore it as their God Moreover this inexplicable occult faculty is observed in the food of other Animals For who by reason can declare why the Ostrich delights in Iron why the Hart desires Serpents the Bear Ants the Ass Ferula Some Animals live onely by fishing others by hunting others by Corn others by the natural increase of Plants The Mallet devours the bird Hirron the Beaver little Fishes the Hawk the Eagle and Fox are nourished and fed upon little Birds the Hen the Partridge and the Horse on Corn the Oxe Deer and Hart on little Plants or their tender parts And why these do delight and grow fat rather with that Aliment than this and those rather with this than that cannot easily be explained by reason For the Vulture will sooner perish with Faraine than touch Wheat the Pheasant rather dye than eat by stealth CHAP. IX Of the faculty of purging Medicaments whence it proceeds and how it operates THE disquisition of the faculty of purging Medicaments hath been the exercise of many ingenious men and yet nevertheless as many men as have endeavoured after its knowledge so many several opinions have they left to us their Posterity The Alcumists not without some pains endeavour to demonstrate that it proceeds from the saltness of the Compounds for they lay down this for a general Axiom that all Salts are purgative Others maintain that this faculty is altogether occult not apparently explicable by reason There are others who judge that it arises from the special temperament of the mixture or compound Others look upon it as a fifth quality Mesue would have its original in Heaven and calls it a Heavenly Faculty A purgative Medicine saith he is not such from its temperament not as a Contrary acting upon its Contrary not as a Simile attracting its Simile nor as a heavy matter driving the humour downwards nor as a light substance driving it upwards but it hath this faculty alotted from above acting by a Divine power This Celestial Faculty is also by some Medicks Fernel and Philosophers Scaliger called an Occult Faculty sometimes also the property of the matter alone sometimes the internal principle of every thing The divers denominations of this quality sometimes an unknown cause a super-elementary virtue a property of the whole substance and by some a fifth quality so that one and the same thing hath divers denominations But because that this purgative virtue according to Philosophers of best note must needs be deduced from the Stars Mesue calls it most properly Celestial but he aims amiss in judging that it draws out humours not as a simile attracting its simile contrary to the Antients opinions reason and experience For Hippocrates declares lib. de nat human that purgative Medicaments have a certain congruity with the humours A Medicine sayes he when it is assumed into the body first attracts whatsoever is consonant and most like to its nature in the body and afterwards draws down and purges away the rest Which he proves clearly by this elegant comparison As seeds and plants sown and eradicated in the ground attract to themselves whatever in the earth is congruent to their nature whether sharp or pleasant bitter or salt or whatsoever else they primarily or chiefly allure as having propinquity with their essence Galen demonstrates this more clearly illustrating it with many evidences lib. 1. de nat facult cap. 23. lib. 3. de simplic lib. de Ther. writing in express words that the operations are effected and perfected by the property of the qualities which are in the substances therefore some purgative Medicaments if perchance they be frustrated of their acquired purgation do not hurt the body as some foolishly have imagined but become nutrimental others are turned into corruption and poyson yet a poysonous virtue is not alwayes mixed with them Wherefore they do not alwayes hurt when they do not purge but they concoct and produce such humous as they should have educed which never happens to stronger Medicaments Therefore purgative Medicaments by a certain similitude and congruity to the substance attract and educe humours and by the same principle that the Loadstone attracts Iron and Amber Straw not Iron the Loadstone or Straw Amber for although there be a great similitude betwixt the Loadstone and the Iron yet every simile is not the same neither is the Loadstone Iron nor the Iron a Loadstone yet the thing attracting should be more potent than the thing attracted and therefore the Iron as weaker is drawn and draweth not Since Traction comes by the similitude of the substance Objectio why doth not one Loadstone attract another and one piece of Iron another I answer One and the same thing doth not draw the same Responsio but such things as have an affinity and similitude with them so Agarick draws flegm Rhabarb choler Senna melancholy because there is betwixt them a certain conjugal quality or rather a convenience or similitude which conformity is
three things he is most expert in his Art to wit to select prepare and compound Medicaments now Election denotes knowledge for no man can well select and discerne this good from that evill unlesse he have known both preparation also presupposes an industrious artificer who being long exercised in the Art doth correct and amend maligne simples many wayes as by fire water and his hand making the good better and weak stronger and of more vertue And there is no composition without election and preparation for a confusion of many simples together is no composition Therefore to elect Medicaments Delectus quid should be an Apothecaryes first duty and imployment which choise is thus defined Election is a separation and distinction of that which is evill from that which good of the noxious from the innoxious and of the maligne from the benigne Benignum Medicamentum quid Malignum Now that is a benigne purging medicament which purges gently and looses the belly calmely as Cassia Manna Tamarinds and Rhabarbe and that is a maligne and unwhole some medicament which purges by a violent traction and disturbes our bodyes by reason of that adverse essence it hath to our natures This malignant medicament is twofold Medicamentum malignum quotuplex the one totally so to wit whose universal genus is violent and unruly of what sort soever it be or whence soever it is taken as Euphorbium Laurel Antimony The other in some species or by accident in some individual of its genus which hath revolted and degenerated from its proper nature as black Agarick black Turbit Colocynth only in the Plant or of one plant in the field Mesue onely in Plants or of the Aple-trees in the field because it is believed to take away all bitternes and malignity of the field and plants But we ought to abstain from both these kinds of malignant purges unlesse in some great affections Quando malignis purgantibus â—â—cat uti in which gentle little or nothing profit for then a skilfull Physician may use malign medicaments duely prepared because even poysons are salutary in some diseases as Vipers flesh to the Leprosy Scorpions flesh to wounds made by themselves made doggs blood to them that are bitten by a mad-dogg whence is that Proverb Those that are wounded by Scorpions seek remedy from the same We must also abstain from benigne purges unlesse they be rightly in a just quantity and seasonably administred and also exhibited to such as they may profit for Hippocrates saith Aphoris 14. lib. 4. Quando à binignis abstinendum that a purging medicament is noxious to them that have their health according to that Matth. 9. The whole need not a Physician CHAP. XVI Whence the Election of purging Medicaments may be taken THe Election of a purging Medicament is made from its essence Essentia medicamenti quid nature and faculties we call the essence of every Medicament that very state which arises from its matter and forme or that all which is seen or consisteth absolutely in a Medicament without any preparation And we call the faculty of a Medicament that very vertue it doth Facultas medicamenti quid or can exercise in our bodies Now the substance first qualities or temperament second qualities ensuing the temper and the disposition externally acquired shew the good or ill essence of a Medicament Substantiae medicamentorum now we understand by the name substance the commoderation and consistency of the matter which flowes from the proportionable mixture of the Elements whence some are said to be heavy or light others dense or rare others grosse or subtill others clammy or friable from which differencies a certain disposition and proper faculty is ingendred whereby we may distinguish betwixt the good and evill in the same genus In the second place Election may be made from the prime qualityes that is from the Temperament Temperamenti quot differentiae of which there are eight different kinds hot cold moist dry which are called simple qualities and as many compound hot and moist hot and dry cold and moist cold and dry to which may be added the mean temperament in which consists the nature of man from which flow divers other temperatures some in one some in two some in three and some in four degrees and therefore the excesse of severall degrees is distinguished Thirdly the Election is taken from the second qualities Secundae qualitates quot differentiis includuntur which especially differ in four kinds for some are tangible others odorable others gustable and others visible audible qualities are omitted because no certain election can be made by them Now those are rangible qualities which can be discerned by the judgment of the touch some whereof are the properties of the Elements to wit in which the first qualities hot cold moist and dry are discerned by the touch others arise from the temperament and are called second qualities by whose means the Medicament is heavy or light hard or soft clammy or friable sharp or smooth as above Fourthly Odor quid Medicaments may be selected from their odour which is a certain vaporous substance proceeding from an odorable matter which brought into the nostrills moves the sence of smelling and there are as many kinds of them as sapors for odors concord with sapours in proportion and for the most part borrow their demonstrations from them yet are not the species of odours so distinct as them of sapours because the sense of smelling in men is very dull hence it is that there are a thousand kinds of odours that want proper names and therfore all odorables are generally distinguished into well smelling and ill smelling things Fiftly the judgement in Election may be guided by the Taste of Medicaments Sapor quid Sapores quet and that more surely than by Odours because there are more distinct species of sapors than of Odours lib. 4. simpl Med. Gal. cap. 21. for sapour is a quality that may be perceived by the sense of Tasting whereof there be nine different species three whereof flow from over-powering calidity in a substance grosse or subtill to wit sharpe bitter salt three from exuperant frigidity sowre austere unpleasant and three from moderate heat pleasant fat unsavory Selectio medicamentorum à dispositione extrinseca the last whereof inclines to frigidity pleasant fat to heat Sixtly Medicaments may be selected by a disposition extrinsecally acquired which arises from the season or place Gal. cap. 2. lib. 4. Mesue addes Magnitude Parvitude and Number for by these the quality of the Medicament is of more or lesse force A certain and universall rule cannot be given concerning the temper and choise of Medicaments by their colour and sound that thereby the benigne may be discerned from the malignant for seeing all benignity and malignity of Medicaments consists in the substance temperament and faculties cold moist hot and dry are found
unsavoury Aliments are pituitous Gal. cap. 46. lib. 2. de facult aliment but is more properly observable in Water Citrul Gourds and such like for it affects the tongue with no manifest quality neither is it properly a sapour but rather a privation of sapour as the name shews The Latins call it fatuum that is foolish or unsavoury because it moves the sense with no manifest quality it leaves an impression much like to that of Hydraeolean CHAP. XIX What election of Medicaments may be made by Sapours THE preservation of our nature consists in sanity and sanity in temperament from which those sapours that recede more are to be adjudged more malign and those that more agree to our nature are more wholsome Now of sapours sharp and bitter are most unacceptable and averse to our nature sweet familiar and gratefull Wherefore by how much a purging Medicament recedes more from sharp and bitter sapours by so much it is less noxious For those that are exactly sharp are to be thought worst and most nocent Exacte acria pessima as Enphorbium and Thymelea which by reason of their acrimony and vehement heat exulcerate the bowels Next to these are sharp and bitter sapours as the juice of Buckthornberry After these that which is exactly bitter as wild Gourds and the juice of wild Cucumbers called Elaterium Those which are both sharp and bitter Acria amara Aloen venas occludere and also styptical as Aloes which contrary to Serapio rather shuts than opens the veins are not so ill and they are less ill that are both sharp and styptical as Epithymus Diosc cap. 24. lib. 3. Gal. cap. 4. lib. 5. meth Pint. cap. 4. lib. 27. Bitter and styptical are least of all ill Amara styptica as Rhabarb and Sea-wormwood for although bitter things putrifie least and do not generate Worms yet those that are exactly such since they are not fit to be eaten of any Creature much less of Man Galen attesting the same cap. 9. lib. 4. simpl by how much any sapour is less bitter by so much the rather it is to be chosen Now of good and wholsome sapours Dulcia saluberrima the sweet ones are most wholsome as Cassia Manna Honey Licorish Jujubs Secondly the unsavoury are next to these as Mallows Sorrel Violets Thirdly both sweet and sharp as Prunes Tamarinds Fourthly sweet and bitter as Polypody Fifthly sweet bitter and styptical as Roses for those that have astriction are adjudged most wholsome And therefore where Nature hath not given astriction to purging Medicaments Art adds it CHAP. XX. Of the time when Medicaments are to be gathered how long their virtue lasts and in what time it is most valid THat disposition of a Medicament which is extrinsecally acquired and which gives better knowledge to their selection proceeds either from the time wherein they are to be gathered or from the place where they are deposited As to the time three things are worthy to be known first when they ought to be gathered secondly to what time their virtue remains perfect thirdly in what time they are better and more usefull for some are better new than old others better old than new others best in the middle of the time As to the first Quo tempore colligenda meâ—â—aâ—â—nta we affirm that Medicaments are then to be gathered when their virtue is better and more usefull But nevertheless all parts of Plants are not equally and at one time and season effectual and wholsome For Roots should be gathered at one time Stalks at another Leaves at another Flowers and Fruits Seeds Juices and Gums at another time And so Roots should be gathered in several seasons of the year Quovis tempove quaedam radices colligenda not in Autumn only as is asserted by Dioscorides Avicenna and many others Nor also in the Spring alone as Saladinus would have them but some may be effoded and gathered at any time to wit such as are alwayes vegetive and juicy although the stalks be dry as the roots of Bugloss Sorrel Licorish Saint Christophers herb Smallage Butchers broom Cyperus Sow bread Lillies Mallows and many more Others as soon as their leaves are fallen at which time the virtue of the Plant goes into the root and then the humour is more throughly cocted than at other times as Enula campana Angelicae Peony Briony Bugloss Others are to be pulled up and gathered ere the virtue of the Plant be diffused into branches leaves flowers and seed as Polypody Flower-de-luce Saint Maries seal Gentian Ragwort And some are best to be gathered in Spring and Autumn as the roots of Mallows and Lillies Eringes Galangal Sour-dock Radish many more which have store of natural Juice in them But the stocks and stalks are to be gathered when they are perfect leaves and flowers before they fall of themselves for then for the most part they are perfect Fruits when they are ripe the juices of herbs and leaves while young branches are sprouting out Gums are to be drawn and pressed out of the stalks gashed while it is fresh in the beginning of the Spring or beginning of Summer while the juice ascends into the stalk And all Medicaments by Dioscorides advice are to be gathered when the Heavens are clear Now how long the virtue of purging altering De duratione virtutis medicamentorum or roborating Medicaments endure cannot definitely be shewed and determined upon For since that every thing hath its proper age and a peculiar antiquity or recency consists in several Medicaments the time of duration is not the same in all for Rhabarb will keep fresh potent and valid three years others decay sooner as of roots such as have thin substances as the root of Valerian Asarum Ragwort which are efficacious and valid onely one year Some endure five or six years as Aristolochy Butchers-broom Cypetus others ten years as the greater Centaury and according to Threophrastus others thirty years as Hellebore others forty years as black Chameleon and some a hundred as Elaterium and if the same Author speaks true Elaterium hath been found of two hundred years old which was very good and pretious Therefore we can scarce determine in general for what season or time the virtue of a Medicament especially purging is efficacious but onely specially of some and several seeing we shall discourse in our Officina Pharmacopolarum particularly of these wherein we shall most largely declare and treat of the composition of Medicaments Yet may this rule be laid down as general if not altogether Quando vis medicamentorum praestantior yet for the most part true That all Medicaments consisting of a thin and rare substance and all such as abound in much humidity continue but a short time efficacious but those that are gross and solid and less humid endure longer because their virtue cannot so easily exolve and perish The third thing remains yet unapplyed to wit at what
tearmes of preparations which is better to know than make experience of We will prosecute more particularly the accustomed preparation of Medicines the wholesome Remedies of Physicians prescript that we may securely and without danger make use of to the depelling of our distempers and the safeguarde of our families which be such as Apothecaries prepare daily and openly before all mens eyes and places them in convenient pots and glasses and other vessells in their shops either for present use or perseverance till occasion serves and of those the Physician selects for the necessity of the exigent sometimes this sometimes that and prescribes how much is most convenient to be administred for the expelling of the disease Now the Physicians work is not to prepare these Medicins but to prescribe them hence it is that Apothecaries are tearmed the Physicians hand for it is better to commit our lives into the hands of two than one to operate according to Prescript for if the Physician alone should prescribe prepare and afford Medicines It were too great a trouble to ly upon one mans shoulders Besides he hath power to save or kill and not to be liable to punishment by Law Which is an Impious and Intolerable thing an act not to be indured therefore it was ordained that Apothecaries should be appointed who ought to prepare and preserve Medicaments and to distribute them out in certain quantities according to the Doctors Judgment and decree But I would not abrogate Chymicall remedies totally from Apothecaries shops for there are many of them of excellent vertue Chimica remedia non negligenda to the dissipating of many crabbed distempers but they are such as the learned and skilfull onely should use and not ignorant Mountebanks Qui debeant uti chymicis remediis and wandering Quacks and deceivers who scarce know how to prepare a Medicin yet will proclaime themselves to the world to be more skilfull than Galen and Hyppocrates But to returne to our intended purpose I say there are divers modes of preparing Medicins which that I may prosecute in order I will begin with Lotion afterwards I will extend my discourse to those ingredients which are simply prepared with water often when medicinall with juice or other liquor then I will demonstrate what preparations are made with contunding grinding or scraping afterwards I will explaine what preparation heat performes and I will add to these those that are finished with a mixed manner CHAP. III. Of Lotion LOtion by learned Sylvius is accounted the last manner of preparation Primus praeparationis modus cur by some the middle but by us the first because most Ingredients before they will serve our use before any other preparation can be made ought to be washed though some I confesse are not to be washed till they be burned rosted or scraped This Lotion is twofold Duplex Lotio the one a superficiary Lotion which detracts the adherent filth from the superficies of roots hearbs and other Medicinall materialis and It is common to all other things which being inquinated with clay or other pollutions are to be washed the other is more intimate which dilates it self both without and within and thorow the whole substance Now this preparation is made in water or other liquor for this end and purpose to remove some notious quality or to introduce some good one as the disease it self the nature of the disease or the occasion requires The Ingredient or materiall to be washed is either obdurate solid or stony as the substance of shells bones stones concrete Juices dry gums and metalls or such as are of themselves liquid as Turpenttne Oyle or such as are easy to be melted as wax pitch rosin butter or such as are dissoluble as Lime-stones Bole armeniack Lytharge of God or Silver Those things that are hard and solid before washing ought to be pulverized or burned and so bruised that they cannot be grinded without ustion as Ivory and Harts-horne and so the water or liquor may reach wash and purge every part Those that will easily melt as Wax and Rosin c. ought first to be warmed that being melted they may more eafily yield or be made more pliable if they will easily dissolve of themselves they are to be sprinkled with some water or juice and then washed if liquid of themselves they are to be washed by continuall stirring and commixing water or other liquor with the body of the thing to be washed The liquors in which this Lotion is made is either pure water as fountain or rain-water or medicinall as sulphurous Sea water or Bituminous or some other humour as milk honey vinegar the juice of Plants distilled water and decoctions of simple medicaments This Lotion is either much and hard or little and light or a medium or mean for the things that are washed for the detraction of their filth ought either to be washed strongly or lightly and the water so off changed till it remaines pure and all its impurity segregated and ejected Those that are washed in a medicinall liquor should lye in the same a certain space according to appointment as a whole night or the space of some houres that they may attract the greater power from the liquor or loose their malignant quality This preparationis injuriously called by Sylvius A Lotion when it is rather an Infusion or Maceration or rather as another hath it an Imbution Imbutio quid for the liquor seldom or never adds faculties to the Medicin but rather detracts from it as we see in Rhabarb and others steeped in water whose purgative faculty remaines by being transmitted into the Liquor Yet are they not washed that they may so lose their vertues but increase them Aloe cur abluatur and so in Mesues judgement Aloes should be washed in odoriferous water that it may coroborate the more or in some purging juice or decoction as juice of Roses or the infusion thereof that it may with more celerity relax the belly yet it is not alwayes washed that its purging faculty may be intended but rather that its heat may be remitted as when it is washed in the water of Endive Succory or such like that it may not too much exestuate the liver Lotion therefore ex consequenti either adds to or detracts from medicinall materialls and causes not onely the filth to be wiped off but also mitigates in some their acrimony in others destroyes their malignity and dulls their violence and makes them better either to be assumed or applyed Now that Metalls may be washed Metallica ut abluenda they ought to be pulverized very small and then to be put into pure water or any other Medicinall liquor and to be continually stirred with a wooden Spatula for a whole day and in the morning following the water to be powred out and other water put on and agitated as before till the water that 's powred off be cleere and by this means
same purpose and by the same way and art Yet notwithstanding Maceration requires a longer space of time than the two former Oleum Acopum so Flores Populi and semen Abietis ought to be macerated in oyle according to Galens advice cap. 14. lib. 2. de samt tuend for three four or more moneths together and then the oyl to be pressed out for the commixtion of the other ingredients Ginger with other hard roots green Almonds with other fruits are to be macerated so long till they the wax soft or loose their unprofitable or ungratefull quality In the making of syrup of Poppyes Syrupus de papavere the heads of the Poppyes are to be macerated in water for a day or two or sometimes three till they wax tender and their quality transmitted into the water Lignum Pali sancti and that Peregrine root Guaiacum Radix Chinae which the Easterne Indians calls Lampatan will scarce emit their vertues without a long maceration before their coction The same method must be observed with other woods and roots which ought to be macerated in some or other convenient liquor answerable to their propertyes that their vertues of what kind soever they be may be transmitted into the water or decoction Dates must be macerated three whole dayes in vinegar according to the prescript of Mesue before they be pulped Dates for the composition of Diaphaenicon Tamarinds and Mirabolans also must be macerated in whey made of Goates milk that according to the opinion of the same Author their bad and Nocumentall qualities may be amended and that they may no wayes offend the stomack Tincture or infection is neere a kin to humectation and maceration Tincture of Insection for those that are to be infected must be immerged into some certain juice yet not alwayes for the colour or tincture only but that it may acquire a more excellent quality As Sericum Crudum tinctured in Succo Cocci Baphicae Cochaneel or with a decoction of Kermeâ— Berries before it go into the composition of Confectio Alkermes that it may more increase its Cardiack quality and give it a more delightfull tincture Digestion also may be reduced to Maceration by which Medicaments are occluded in some convenient vessell or other close shut as meat in the stomach and so macerated adding thereunto Wine Vineger Oyle or some other convenient juice Chymists make a more ample discussion of digestion but nihil attinet ad nos under which they comprehend rectification insolation and sometimes nutrition CHAP. IX Of Triture WHen Medicaments of themselves hard and solid cannot conveniently be assumed or applied therefore they are prepared and changed by Apothecaries with such Art that they may easily and wholesomely be assumed for they breake and pulverize them and that either grosse or fine as the occasion requires Now this breaking of Medicaments is chiefly for three ends The reasons of pulverization First That they may be exactly mixed with others Secondly That they may acquire a new faculty Thirdly That their malignity may be corrected The manner of breaking of Medicaments The divers manner of wayes of Triture is different and various for many are brayed in a stone morter as in Marble others in Metall morters as Iron Brass Lead and sometimes glasse others in a Wooden morter as of Box or Guajaicum with pestells usually of the same matter for an Iron pestell is most apt for an Iron morter a Wooden one for a Wooden morter a Leaden for a Leaden morter and a glasse pestell for a glasse morter Some cannot nor will not be so exactly pulverated by beating as by grinding and rubbing and that upon a smooth marble made hollow for that purpose where instead of a pestell we use a little marble stone called a Mannipulus which we hold in our hand and circumduce it this way and that way round the stone Gemms so that we leave no part of the Medicamet unrubbed and after this manner Gemmes and pretious stones are made into powder till we can perceive no knobbs with our fingers which powder so brayed the vulgar call marbled dust after which manner also those powders ought to be attenuated which go to the making up of Ophthalmick unguents Some are brayed and ground with turning stones as Wheat and Barly in a Mill and so a great quantity of hard seeds may easily and speedily be bruised and grinded to powder Those Medicaments we prepare onely for coction need but little bruising and those also that are of a thin substance whose vertue is dissipable need but little bruising also as almost all flowers And those require much bruising that are hard thick solid nervous and not easy to be broken as also such as partake of a malignant quality as Colocinth the grosser part whereof assumed being not well powdered inheres in the turning of the Intestines and exulcerates the part causing the bloody flux Those that confist of a meane substance as many odoriferous simples must be bruised moderately least their more subtill and odoriferous parts should exhale and be dissipated yet they must be beaten very small when they go to the confection of any electuary and when we would have them to search and penetrate to the remotest parts then must they be beaten very fine when we would have them to stay long in the body then they must be courser provided they be not indued with any maligne quality some must be beaten very fine and small that they may sooner performe their operation and manifest their power Roots and hearbs are sometimes beaten green and sometimes dry sometimes raw sometimes boyled for their different ends and uses but those must alwayes but be bruised mode rately that are to be boyled for alwayes observe Note that a greater Triture is requisit for roots than leaves lesser for fruits and a meane for seeds For seeds require but a contusion betwixt roots and hearbs So likewise many Medicaments can scarce be redacted to powder unless something be mixed with them The husks of Silkwormes As Coloquintido fericum crudum Camphire and many more which onely dilate by beating them alone unlesse there be some unctious or liquid matter superadded sometime we use to sprinkle some with wine other with water some with oyl and vineger that they may not only sooner be brought into powder but also better serve our intention The harder part of Animalls as bones hornes clawes nailes may be more easily pulverated if they be first filed or burned in a Crucible There are some who also burn Sericum Crudum Sericum must not be burned wooll and the haires of severall Animalls before they powder them but thereby they loose their former vertues and acquire new ones and therefore it is better to cut them small and dry them in an oven and so beat them strongly till they returne into powder some unctious seeds as the four great coole-seeds are to be excortiated before they be powdered because
Medicaments in some decoction or convenient juice or water that what is usefull may be taken and what is noxious ejected Acacia is drawn by compression out of the juice of the seed of the Egyptian bramble or thorn dryed in a shade it looks black Acacia if drawn out of mature seed ruddy of immature Expression therefore is sometimes of the simple juice of some Medicament sometimes of the same macerated in a decoction or water as when the infusion of oyles and decoction of syrrups is distrained Anacardian Honey is expressed out of small and young Anacards long boyled for out of these thus tabefied proceeds a thick liquor Mel Anacardinum qui fiat which they call Mel Anacardinum which that it may be well made according to Arnaldus de Villa nova Cap de memor defunct the Anacards should be beaten and macerated in vinegar seven dayes on the eight day boyled on a slow fire till two parts be dissipated then its Colature boyled with Honey is of many called Mel Anacardinum That juices expressed may be long preserved without putrefaction Quomodo suci diu sine putredine servandi it is requisite that salt be intermixed or they reposed in a vessell of a strait mouth oyl being superadded to a fingers thickness Infused Medicaments and juices are sometimes to be strained with a light sometimes with a hard expression And simple oyles can scarce be extracted without hard compression whether with or without fire for oyle of Almonds may be extracted either way as also that which is drawn from Pistace nutts and other oyly fruits CHAP. XXII Of Extraction ALl expression is a certain extraction but not the contrary for many things are extracted without expression as juices and rosins of plants cut or smitten Euphorbium unde quomodo colligatur thus Euphorbium is extracted out of the Lybian tree wounded with a long speare into sheep skins bound about the tree that is smitten for its Acrimony doth so infect the tast and smell and stir up such ardour in the mouth and nostrills The Rusticks are called to collect this juice who allured with the reward smite the tree at distance that they may be lesse hurt with the noxious fervour of the Euphorbium who for all this never depart safe and without hurt Elaterium by Dioscorides his advise Elaterium quomodo parandum must be extracted out of the wild Cucumbers Cap. 148. lib. 4. after this manner The Cucumbers being gathered those which with touching fall off let them be kept one night the next day a small sieve being set upon a goblet or basin take the Cucumbers in thine hands and cleave them one by one on a knife with the edge upward and the point toward thy face and then the juice will be expressed through the sieve into the vessell set under and that the * * * From that substance which remains upon the top of the fire let the seeds be separated and let it be added to the facula for it is as effectuall as the other thicker part sticking to the sieve may send forth its liquor more easily straine it let the humour be stirred in the basin then let it stand and covered with a linnen cloth set it in the Sun when it hath stood a while poure out the water that swims at top without moving the feces whereby part of it will be effuded and part exhausted then beat in a morter the settlements and make it into little Trochisks when it is dryed on a sufficient consistency Juices onely are not extracted from integrall Plants or their parts as Hypocistis of the spriggs growing from the roots of Cistus the juice of Liccorice and Cyrene Laserpitium but severall other liquors from the incisions of trees and barks of shrubs and stalks as Gumms Rosins Lachrymae Amongst extracted Gumms are counted Gum Amoniack Gummi Sagapene Gum of Panan or Opoponax Galbane Bdellium Myrrhe Storax Frankincense and many more which for their severall natures are hard or easy to be extracted Some flow out spontaneously without wounding the tree when the bark in Summer gapes by reason of the heat Rosins are more easily extracted because more fluent Resinae falling down without the help of hands as that which runneth of Turpentine trees which is the best of Rosines as Dioscorides Cap. 67. lib. 1. The Rosin from the Mastick tree is the second those next that are extracted out of the Pine and Fir trees Amongst teares or exudations many things take place Lachryâ—â—ae as the water that flowes from a vine cut the milk of all Tithymalls and the thick juice of Poppies which when it is congealed is called Opium In many plants therefore the barke onely is wounded and thence distills 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is tears into a bason or some such vessell hanged for the purpose in many the roots are wounded or quite cut sometimes also the boughs thus Balsam is extracted out of the Phrygian shrub its bark being slashed with an Ivory knife for it may not be done with Iron or Steele without great damage to the juice The extraction of oyles is yet unhandled which is done diverssy after an artificial manner For they are extracted either by distillation which is by ascent or descent of which the Alcumists masse of books is full or by expression or infusion of which we have spoken before and shall treat more largely in our Medicamentall shop or Pharmacopoea CHAP. XXIII Of Chymicall Extracts THere is no little difference betwixt the extractions of Apothecaries and those of Alcumists for the Apothecaryes extract onely a certain liquor as Rosin Gums or such fluid matters and separate them from the more grosse and solid substance but Alcumists do not onely desert the grosse body but exhale the thinnest substance till a very little portion and that somewhat thicker be left to which the vertue of the whole doth adhere as united to its subject whence they call it an extract as it were the essence extracted and separated from the body For such an Extract doth contain most excellent vertues in a small quantity a dragme whereof exhibited is of no lesse efficacy than a whole ounce of any Medicament with its grosse substance They are wont to give these extracts to those whose ventricles loathed Apothecaryes Medicines and who had plenty of wealth for to prescribe the extract of Rhabarbe or Pearle to a poor man were to take away his life Now these extracts of Medicaments as well simple as Compound Extractum quomodo parandum are often made after this manner the Medicament is washed being first small sliced or if it be a masse of Pills or an Electuary it is dissolved in the best Aqua vitae or other fit liquor so as it be covered two fingers in a vessell well and close stopped then it is left two or three dayes in a hot place then they make a strong expression which is afterward put in
a higher dignity of substance and virtue as when some rude and crude matter is brought to maturity and perfection Maturatio Maturation and Gradation they say conduce to this as Digestion and sometimes Circulation do to Maturation Digestio Maturation is an exaltation from a rude crudity to a well cocted and elaborate perfection Digestion is a simple Maturation whereby things incocted and untractable are cocted and made more milde and tractable by a digestative heat Circulation is an exaltation of pure Liquor by a circular solution Circulatio Gradatio by the help of the heat in Mercuries or Pelicans Cup. Gradation appertains properly to Metals for it is an exaltation of them to a greater degree of bonity and perfection whereby their weight colour and consistency is brought to a more excellent degree But that I may no longer digress from my purpose I will leave their Chymical Preparations to themselves for this Treatise of Distillation compelled me briefly to touch of these and paint it on the margin as a Work by the by The end of the second Book OF MEDICAMENTAL INSTITUTIONS The third Book Of the composition of general Medicaments CHAP. I. Why Medicaments are compounded AS Simplicity in Nature is before Composition so are simple Medicaments before compound and the antient Physicians as Pliny relates cap. 2. lib. 26. Nat. Histor first prescribed onely Simples to cure Diseases as Diocles Praxagoras Chrysippus and Eristratus Hippocrates also who first laid the foundations of the medicinal Art and gave Laws thereto cured almost all Diseases with simple Medicaments alone Yet saith Aetius cap. 25. tetr 4. serm 2. necessity constrained the exercised Medicks to seek new remedies and compound some Simples because Simples cannot alwayes cure for saith Galen cap. 5. lib. 1. comp med general if Simples onely could preternaturally cure all affections there would be no need of Compounds but this no Simple can do The use therefore of Composition in Medicine is necessary especially for such Diseases as require at once contrary faculties in Medicaments which cannot be in Simples The causes why Medicaments should be compounded are many Serapio cap. lib. 7. first Multas esse causas composiâ—tonum medicamâ—morum when in curing or expelling a disease there is no one simple Medicament altogether contrary to it then must some compound be used which may supply the defect of the simple as when we would moderately cleanse an ulcer we mixe two simple Medicaments the one whereof would do it too potently the other too negligently now from the concourse and commistion of these two will proceed one moderate detersory the second cause of composition is that the violence of the Medicament may be obtunded or its ignavy excited now its violence is obtunded by the admixtion of a more benigne or an opposite Medicament as when with sharp we mixe mild with bitter sweet with calid refrigerating with maligne Cordiall Medicaments The third cause or reason is drawn from the variety of the Maladies to be cured for to every part affected and noxious humour a Medicament that is Analogicall and destinated to the same must be prescribed for it is meet that Medicament must be given to the Brain Lungs or other parts ill affected which hath respect to such parts and will free from such a mortificall cause the situation also and dignity of the parts affected demonstrate composition to be necessary for some part doth not onely require roboration which indeed is a principall effect as the brain by Cephalicks and the heart by Cordialls as Galen commands Cap. 1. lib. 1. comp med gener But also oftentimes alteration and a vindication from the noxious humour which one simple Medicament cannot effect furthermore a part situated farre from the remedy speaks composition to be necessary for some attenuating Medicament must be mixed with these remedies that the quality thereof may permeate to the part affected as Galen declares lib. 1. de comp per gener There are also other lesse necessary causes of composition as when Medicaments are dulcorated with sugar or honey that they may be more acceptable to the palate and heart or when they are condited with Cynamon and other sweet spices or washed in convenient decoctions or composed into the forme of a bole or solid Electuary for many Medicaments are conjoyned mixed and united together for odour sapour colour or jucundities sake and also for preservation to future uses CHAP. II. Of Syrups in Generall WHereas many Plants cannot always be had in readiness and integrall but either their leaves will be fallen or their Roots hidden in the ground as in Winter or their vertue decayed their leaves and flowers being scattered or they will not be found when urgent necessity requires juices are extracted out of them for future uses or their decoctions condited with a sufficient quantity of sugar or honey or both together are prepared so as they may be kept a long time without impairing their strength and vertue after great coction till they acquire the the consistency of a syrup Now a syrup is a certain liquid Medicament of juices or decoctions so long cocted with honey or sugar Syrupus quid for sapour and conservations sake till it attain a just consistency which may be known if one drop of it dropped on a marble stone dilate not but cleave together or taken betwixt ones fingers dwawne out in threads or teats Syrups were invented by the Arabians which Avicena lib. 5. serm 1. tract 6. calls decoctions or juices thickned with sweetnes according to the Arabick word Scarab Sharab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which denotes a certain drink but sweet or Srab which signifies sweet wine or rather a Syrup or potion prepared after our manner the Greeks call them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and sometimes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the ancients by all these often understood Oinomel or sweet potions for the name syrup and the preparation thereof was scarce known to antient Graecians But some hold that the name syrup is more probably derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 juice and and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to draw Nominis syrupietymologia as it were a juice extracted or that they were derived from Syria or from that which Alexander Aphrodiseus calls 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wine boyled to the half new wine wine boyled to the third part or a sweet potion of wine and honey Syrups are perfectly cocted with honey or sugar that they may not corrupt but be usefull for a whole yeare and they therefore have a thicker consistency a meane betwixt wine boyled to the third and a julep as an Apozeme betwixt a julep and a syrup for a syrup is not so thick as sapa nor a julep as a syrup nor an Apozeme as a julep for as syrups which because thicker may be kept longer safer so Apozemes and Juleps being thinner may not be kept long and safely for they
will not keep one week and therefore Physicians are wont to prescribe them to present use and have them made so oft as necessity requires but we shall treat more largely of these in the next book for now we shall speak of such as may be kept by the Apothecaries for a long time of which for present use are often made Apozemes if they be dissolved in the decoction of Plants or Juleps if in distilled waters they often also ingrede the confection of Eclegmes Opiates and Condites both that they may acquire better acceptation and vertue and also a consistency more convenient to our purpose Yet they are sometimes prescribed alone and unmixed especially such as must be assumed by licking by little and little to move flegme as all brown syrups as the syrup of Colts-foot the juice of Liccorish Maidens-haire Hyssop or of some such like which by reason of their sweetnesse coct the spittle Now syrups are made of the decoction of hearbs Materia Syruporum roots fruits seeds flowers or their juices and such like as may be well decocted and the matters to be decocted are so chosen as they may answer our intent whether it be to corroborate some part or mend some vitious humour or educe it thence we have such variety of syrups for they are composed to calefy refrigerate moisten dry open obstruct cut thicken and purge And the decoction of those things whereof Syrups are made Aquâ— optima quae ought to be in water either rain-water or fountain water or running water which is best because void of all qualities the quantity whereof must be answerable to the quantity and hardnes of the things cocted for such things as are harder as roots and wood can scarce be cocted save with much time and water without adustion And therefore the water must be augmented when simples are long to be cocted as also when they are too bitter The decoction strained and clarified is boyled again with an equall quantity of sugar or honey or both and sometimes with sweet wine as it will appear in our book called the Apothecaries Shop CHAP. III. Of Propomates THe Ancients according to Aëtius and Paulus Aët. cap. 30. cent 3. ser 1. Paul Aeg. c. 15. lib. 7. Propomata quid de remed called aâ—l drinks dulcorated with honey by the generallâ—n me Propomata for they scarce knowing sugar made all drinks pleasant to the pâ—late with honey which we now make with sugar that they may be more sweet and pleasant yet some not for want of sugar are condited with honey both for the peculiar condition of the sapour and the artainment of those excellent qualities wherewith it abounds for honey besides that sweetness which it hath being most pleasant to the tongue is such an excellent conservative that many use it instead of salt for the Babylonians Dionys Areop Melle qui corpora condiebant in time past buried their dead bodyes in honey and Appius the Cook Herod in Thalia covered flesh with honey that he might preserve it without salt many things also condited and other Medicaments are dulcorated and confected with honey both that they may be more pleasant to the palate and also keep more safely without corruption and acquire more notable vertues Wherefore Galen Cap. 177 simpl Medic. writes well when he saith that honey may safely be mixed with all Antidotes For it is most sweet Cap. 11. lib. de alim and it produces most thin juice and being mixed with Medicaments it causes them to induce and keep better Paul cap. 14. lib. 7. dâ— remed yet it is not equally wholesome to all for as Cap. 8. lib. 2. de fac nat it is good for old and cold men for it is noxious to such as are feaverish and young men especially chollerick because it is soon changed ingenders choller and becomes bitter in hot bodyes for if it be holden too long to the fire it will be bitter as also if it be kept too long Cap. 16. lib. 4. simpl for Galens father Cap. 11. l. 1. de Antidot Pater Galeni mel amarum babebat had a certain kind of honey as bitter as if it had been made in Pontus in that part where the Bees gather their honey from wormewood yet he saith it was Athenian honey and very good but that it became bitter by diuturnity of time Now Pliny Cap. 56. lib. 7. saith that one Aristaeus an Athenian first invented honey and the Curetes first taught the use thereof Mellis primus inventor though Ovid makes Bacchus the Author of it when he saith Liber inventi praemia mellis habet Furthermore many Medicaments are made of honey and also potions either more liquid called by Paulus sweet Potions as Hydromel that is watry and not enough boyled or more thick and longer boyled and insolated as Hydromel of wine as Oxymel and other Medicaments which are nominated from honey as the Medicamentall honeys of violets Anacardium Râ—ses and such like Many Medicaments are comprehended under this name Hydromel as Muscadell Melicratum Hydromel of water and of wine simple and compound Quid hydromelitis nomine intelligendum yet none is so simple but it consists of honey and water as the name demonstrates but it is called simple to difference it from the more compound whereof many differences are described every where by the best Physicians as by Galen lib. de Dinamid and by Paulus lib. 7. de remed In the Confection of Hydromel In hydromelite qua mellis ad aquam proportio the proportion of honey to the water is various according to the various scope of the Physician the temper of the assumer For in Summer it is prescribed most watry as also to young men but in Winter and to old men and flegmaticke with a greater portion of wine or honey and it seemes good to our Ancients properly to call that Hydromel Hydromel vinosum which is not very watry but of wine and perfectly cocted for it seems to resemble in sapour and heat most noble Wine as that of Malmesey for it much excites spittle concocts flegmes cherishes naturall hear and roborates the stomack its genuine description and the manner of its making shall be handled in the shop divulged by us And although the rule of confecting Melicrated Mulsa Melicratum mulsa hydromel idem or Hydromell which differ onely in name not in substance be not one but various yet Mesue part 3. distinct 6. delivers the most vulgar and usuall rule to wir the admistion of eight pounds of water to one of honey which must be cocted together till froth cease to swim above which opinion the best Authors follow though many mixe with every pound of honey ten of water and sometimes twelve according to their various intentions Rusticks in Summer decoct the Loture of honey-combes Hydromel Rusticorum first strained and they despume it well and repose it in ample vessells and having
hung a little lump of Leaven in the vessells they leave it for two or three dayes and then they drink it with great pleasure to expell thirst for this drink is sharp and sweet and most pleasant to their palates others boyle six pounds of honey in fifty pound of fountain-water and scum it well and then they dissolve an ounce and an half or two ounces of Leaven or Barm and put in the Barrell leaving a certain space as about two or three fingers breadth empty Apomel is not very watry and as in strength and vertue Apomeli it is equall to vinous Hydromel so hath it the same manner of preparation as we shall shew in our shop Amongst sweet potions is reckoned Oinomel Oinomel which is made of two parts of old wine and one of honey and sometimes of six parts of swee new wine and one of honey according to Oribasius Cap. 25. lib. 5. Collect. and because honey is of thin parts and most sweet those Medicaments that admit of its Commistion do conduce most to the attenuation coction and expurgation of grosse humours CHAP. IV. Of Syrups mixed with Honey THat which the Greeks call Oxymel and the Arabians Secanjabin The Apothecaries and not improperly call a tart sweet potion for it is a sower syrup made of water and honey or sweet wine and vinegar whence the taste recerves it as soure and sweet and as it hath a mixed and various sapour so hath it mixed virtues as by reason of the honey to the vinegar as of the vinegar to 〈…〉 for vinegar hath a purging faculty and it is Gal. l 1. Acetum esse calidum frigidum simpl 〈◊〉 2. Comp Med. loc cold and hot discussive repulsive and therefore Oxymel is commodious for hot cold diseases it cuts attenuates and cleanseth grosse and slimy humours it educes spittle Oxymelitis qualitas takes away obstructions it prepares cold humours for expulsion it moderates hot humours and quenches thirst for honey is averse to cold humours vineger to their lentour and water to heat and therefore causes that the honey be longer cocted better scummed and the vertue of the Oximel Mellis optimi nota better distributed as Messue his Interpreter well observes And the honey should not onely be very good sweet and sharp pale of colour neither too thick nor too watrish nor abounding with spume but the water also being a common solace both to the whole and sick as Galen saith Cap. 27. lib. de renum dignot Aquae bonitas qui dignoscatur Medicat and most necessary to all things ought to be most pure and good and it may be tryed so to be by taste sight and smell by tast as if it be free from all qualities indued with none by sight as if it be pure sincere and exquisitely cleere by smell as if nothing can be smelled therein which is in vitious waters and the vinegar also must necessarily be very good rather white than red Acetum quodnam optimum not stillatitious nor watrish but most sharp which hath a more potent faculty in cutting and attenuating Now that Oxymel is reckoned amongst Medicines is from vineger for it is not of them accounted sweet wine betwixt which Oxymel and Apomel takes place called by Serapis Acumel But because all vineger hath not the same vertue nor all men the same delight in its taste the same proportion of honey to vineger is not generally used for some would have more of vineger others more of honey whence Serapio thinks it should be made according to his mind that drinks yet the confection described by Mesue and Oribasius is most received and approved And it is made of one part of vineger Oxymelitis praeparatio two of water and four of honey and all are boyled together to the consistency of a more liquid syrup for if it be not perfectly cocted yet because of the honey it may be preserved long enough without corruption And this is called simple Oxymel in respect of that which is more compound which besides water honey and vinegar receives many roots and fruits whereof many formes are described by Nicolaus Myrepsus and later writers CHAP. V. Of Juices mixed with Honey HOney is the Countrey-mans sugar wherewith they often condite Cherries Goosberies and Pears Apothecaryes also not for want of sugar but by the Physicians advise confect certain juices fruits and flowers with honey and make them into Conserves Galenjabin Conserva Rosarum sapes and syrups conserves as honey of Roses called by the Arabians Geneljabin and by the Greeks Rhodomel which is made of one part of the flowers of red roses bruised and three parts of honey despumed Mel passulatum Sapes as honey of grapes which confected of one pound of dry grapes clensed and macerated for a whole day in three pounds of water then boyled to the half afterwards strained and mixed with an equall quantity of honey despumed syrups as another kind of honey of roses which is made of an equall quantity of despumed honey and red rose juice the Mercuriall honey or Mel Mercuriale is also confected after the like manner and cocted to the consistency of a thicker syrup And as the consistency of these conserves of roses is various so is their description and preparation for many take the same quantity of roses purged from their white and of honey as Mesue also did but they do not as he Rhodomel boyle them on the fire but expose them to the heat of the Sun Mel Rosatum foliatum for the space of ten or twelve dayes before they repose them in their shops thus also Rhodomel prepared without colature is called by some of a later stampe Mel Rosatum foliatum and by others Conserva mellis Rosarum But that which is confected of an equall part of the juice of red roses and of honey because of its sapour and consistency is called the syrrup of the honey of roses That same is a mean betwixt both because made partly of the leaves and juice of Roses with an equall weight of honey yet the former manner of confection is more approved after which manner also other Medicinall honeys are confected of other flowers Yet is it better that these be insolated than decocted with fire Cur prastet hac insolari quà m coqui because the odour of flowers being easily dissipable perishes and their qualities do not remain integrall after cocture but they will easily endure insolation which acting with a temperate and diuturnall heat not short and fervid better mixes such Medicaments yet that honey which is made of fresh roses is used to be cocted with a slow fire that which is made of dry roses should be insolated Now what way soever honey of roses is made whether of flowers integrall or broken it ought first a little to be calefied that it may be strained and it is called Mel Rosatum Colatum As
fruits are harder more difficult to be cocted and lesse dissipable than flowers and leaves so Medicinall honey is made of these after a different manner for insolation will not suffice but they must be long concocted in water before honey be put to them and that fruits may be rightly cocted they must first be macerated four and twenty houres in thrice as much water as is equall to them then they must be cocted to the third part or half then an equall weight of honey must be added to the colature and then the concoction must be perfected in the consistency of a syrup CHAP. VI. Of Sapes IUices educed out of fruits and hearbs after colation expurgation and a consistency obtained by the benefit of the Sun or fire are called Sapes or medicinated juices by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Rob Sapa quid and by the Arabians Rob or Robub Sape is properly wine pressed out of white ripe grapes and cocted to the consistency of honey called by the Arabians Rob. Now any other juice extracted and cocted to a just spissitude is by the generall name called Robub Yet these barbarous names are seldome distinguished but Rob and Robub are used without difference for any thick juice as it is apparent in Mesue who not ignorant of the proper name calls all concrete juices rather Rob than Robub though his interpreter judges otherwise The Juices are extracted either with a press or by the compression of ones hands and then trajected through a napkin that whatever of forditude is therein may cleave to the cloth and the pure juice may onely be transmitted which afterwards put in a pan or other vessel is insolated or cocted on a flow fire till it grow thick and acquire a solid form And its watry humidity thus resolved it may be preserved many months and years without putrefaction Some Juices also are simple Sapae simplices compositae others compound Of the simple some have a friable substance and a purgative faculty which must be longer cocted that they may acquire perfect solidity as Aloes Scammony and such like others have a lent and viscid substance and for the most part an astrictive and acid quality such as all Robs are said to be by Mesue Distinct 6. Those are called compound Sapes or Juices which besides their concrete Juices admit of Sugar as Rob condited of Barberries Rob of Quinces Mulberries and such Fruits As therefore sweet Wine onely boyled to the third Desrutum quid and despumed still remaining liquid is called Defrutum so Wine expressed in a harder Consistency inspissated by heat is properly called Sapa which also may be called Rob or Robub If any be more sollicitous about the name than the thing it self he may equally refer the name Robub to all Juices The use of Sapes is commended to many things Saparum usus especially to diseases in the mouth and they are sometimes prescribed alone sometimes to be mixed with other Confections as to Diamorum Diacodium and other Syrups CHAP. VII Of Conserves SEeing the virtue of Flowers may be easily dissipated it can scarce be long retained integral but is much impaired with coction and time and often resolved Now that it may be retained Flowers are wont to be condited in Sugar or Honey and a Compound is made that may be preserved for many months and years without any great impairing of virtue whence it is properly called a Conserve whereof we have two different kinds Conservarum differentia the one is liquid and soft which will yield to the pressure of ones finger wherein is left some lentor the other dry which is much more solid and made into Pastils or Trochisks to which our fingers rather yield But because all Flowers have not a like compact substance or like temper they are not all condited after the same manner nor require the same quantity of Sugar in their conditure Those that are more humid should taleby a day or two in a place neither too humid nor too hot that their superfluous humidity may be resolved Those that are dryer by how much they are more fresh and succulent by so much the better Amongst the more humid whereof Conserves are made we reckon the Flowers of Water-lillies Roses Succory Violets Borage and Bugloss amongst the dryer Flowers of Sage Hyssop Rosemary Oranges Jasmine Betony Peach-trees and many other Simples which are seldome or never condited The more humid require a greater quantity of Sugar to their confection the dryer a less to some an equal weight of Sugar is sufficient to other half their weight to many twice their weight to Roses and Water-lillies thrice their weight is requisite Some are integrally mixed with twice their weight or a sufficient quantity of Sugar and are set to be insolated one or two months according to the crassitude or tenuity of the Flowers Others as Roses after their purgation from the white Conserva rosarum qui fiat whereby they are fastned to the bud and their triture in a stone morter with a pestel of Box wood are mixed exquisitely with thrice their weight of Sugar and then reposed in an earthen pot well leaded and are well covered with a paper not forated lest the virtue of the Flowers should be dissipated This done the vessel is insolated by the space of a whole month or forty dayes for hereby the Conditure is excellently fermentated the heat of the Sun permeating every part thereof if it be stirred twice or thrice a week with a Spatula which is effected without any dissipation of its virtues or odour Some immerge and perfectly mix integral Flowers sometimes and oft braying in Sugar melted and cocted to the consistency of an Electuary which when it is cold they put in boxes and insolate it If in the conditing a little juice of Lemmon be injected Quomodo conserva rubra fiat it will attain a red and lively colour that it will not lose in a years space if it be reposed in a Vessel while it is hot for afterwards refrigerating a certain scum or crust arises upon the superficies which preserves the colour odour and virtue longer Conserves are seldome made of leaves because their substance is more compact and quality less dissipable for they may be brought from far Countreys without impairing their virtues Yet some which have excellent faculties posited in their superficies cannot be dryed without damage as Sorrel and Capillus veneris And therefore Conserves may well be made of them well purged as of Monspelian Maidens hair which is accounted the best as many other Simples abundant in that Countrey Yet have I heard the City Monspelier more commended for Medicks than Medicaments However excellent Conserves of Maidens-hair is carried from Monspelier to all the Countreys in France which is made of an equal quantity of pulverated Sugar and cleansed Leaves brayed and mixed together after insolated so long as is convenient Some hold this
Conserve to be better if a Syrup perfectly cocted be made of the decoction of this herb and Sugar and then mixed to other cleansed and brayed Leaves of this herb for thus it acquires a more excellent virtue and a more fit consistency Dry Conserve is made of dry Roses levigated very small with eight times their quantity of Sugar boyled in Rose-water to the consistency of an Electuary Conservae ex rosis siccis to which a little juice of some sowr Simple as Lemmons or Sorrel may be mixed for this juice doth not onely make it sweet and sowr and pleasant to the taste but of a more red and pleasant colour By the same art may other dry Conserves be made of dry Flowers CHAP. VIII Of Condites in general ROots Conditura cur fiat Fruits and other parts of Plants are condited either for conservation or for sapour or both For Conservations sake many are condited with Salt or Vinegar and sometimes both as Olives Capers Samphire Cucumbers and Broom-flowers For Sapours sake the pils of Oranges Lemons Almonds Pine-apples Cloves Nuts and many Seeds are confected with Honey or Sugar For both Conservation and Sapours sake many Roots Fruits and Flowers as the root of Ragwort Pears Plums Barberries and the flowers of Bugloss and Violets both that they may taste better and keep longer And such things as are to be condited are first concocted in an apt syrup and reposed and reserved with it in an carthen glass or vessel which are called by Apothecaries Condita liquida liquid Condites But if after perfect Concoction they be exposed to the open air till their superficies be dry and that viscid lentor wherewith they cleaved to the fingers of such as touch them Confecturae siccae be resolved then are they called dry Confectures Hereunto by a certain affinity may be referred a certain kinde of Condite which is called Pasta regia or a Mazapane but we shall treat of that more positively in our fifth Book in our Treatise of particular Remedies Those Delicates which the Confectioners call Tragemata Tragemata i.e. Junkets may be referred to solid Condites for they as other Condites are prepared by the help of the fire and the addition of Sugar but after a different manner For examples sake if Seeds are to be condited the Sugar must first be cocted into the consistency of a syrup then is it by little and little poured upon the Seeds then are they moved with ones hand and that so long till the Seeds be covered and incrustated all over with the Sugar Lemmons pils small cut as also Cynamon are condited after the same manner Now Fruits being humid they require a liquid Confecture and Seeds being dry a dry one CHAP. IX Of Powders THE Medicinal Art can by no means want Powders for when Medicaments are either too humid or dry by the Greeks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the dry for the most part are pulverated the humid are made up and concinnated with these Powders as Electuaries solid Conserves Trochisks Plaisters and other Medicaments both intrinsecally to be assumed and extrinsecally to be applyed for nothing in Chirurgery is more frequently prescribed than incarnating astringing and closing Powders Pulverum in Chirurgia frequens usus and nothing so carefully prepared and kept of Apothecaries as cordial capital and roborating Powders which are not onely mixed with other forms of Medicaments but oftentimes prescribed alone to divers uses and affections as to roborate the principal parts preserve their strengths extinguish Poysons stay Fluxes help concoction to binde or lose the belly Many external passions are oft cured with these alone Pulvis vulnerarius optimus seldome without them as any Wound with red Powder compounded of two parts of Dragons-blood and one of Frankincense as a great Ulcer after detersion with incarnating Powder Pulvis epuloticus optimus Thus a slash or skar of a Wound is closed with an Epulotical Powder the best whereof are the Powders of Pompholix Brass oar Ceruse Spodium Terra Lemnia and Lead rightly prepared Now generally Pulveres in medicina quid praestent Medicaments are either given in the form of Powders or of them other forms are made borrowing their matter from Powders for these do not onely serve for to be fitted to the forms of several Medicaments but whether you look to the body or the quality of Medicaments these are for the most part their very Basis And Powders are made of the most select Medicaments beaten more or less as the nature of the Medicament or the exigency of the matter requires And all that are levigated or redacted into Powder are called of the Latines by a general name Pulveres which the Arabians call distinctly by these three idioms Sufful Alkool Alkool Sufful Sief and Sief Sufful denotes any kinde of Powder whether small or great Alkool that which is very small Sief denotes the attrition of certain Trochisks upon a Marble mixed with Rose Fennel or other convenient water to the griefs of the eyes Now some Powders to wit such as are made by the Confectioners are destinated onely to Sauces as the Powders of Pepper Ginger Nutmeg Cynamon and such like sweet Spices and they are called of the Seplasiaries small Spices which they used to keep in Leather bags Other Powders are cordial and roborative which pertain onely to the Medicinal Art as the Powder of Diarrhodon Abbatis Diacynamon Dianisi Laetitia Galeni and other cordial Powders which should be reposed in boxes glasses or pots close covered lest their virtue suddenly expire Other Powders are also made as Cathartick Powders which are onely for present not future uses because by keeping they are much worse and weaker Yet scarce is any Powder internally assumed alone and unmixed but is put in water or some other liquor though not so applyed externally which we often lay to Wounds and Ulcers alone Perfumers Cosmeticorum studium Chamberers and such as would take away wrinkles from old women with painting and promise to fascinate and cure stinking breaths make several Powders of suaveolent Spices as of the root of Orris of Roses Sandals Storax Betzoini sweet Cane Cynamon Cloves Marjorum Amber Musk Civet of which and other odoriferous Simples they make two excellent Powders which they call Chyprium Violetum and also many other and various Powders for the delectation of them that desire them They are wont to repose them in silken bags and put them in chests with their cloaths But the Apothecary need not be sollicitous about these for whom it is more expedient to have good Pulvis Diamargaritonis than Chyprium CHAP. X. Of Eclegms in general A Certain Medicament is made for the diseases of the Lungs something thicker than a Syrup and more liquid than an Electuary which the Arabians call Lodoch the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and sometimes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latines
Linctus for it is assumed by little and little as it were by licking or sucking that by staying and lingering in the passage it may deerre into the breast or at least its cough-curing virtue may reach the cavities of the Breast and the grisles of the Lungs concoct Spittle and cause its exclusion which by the strength of nature may easily be done after concoction of the humour by a Vomit or Expectoration upwards Now they are not onely exhibited in a morning upon a fasting stomack but also at evening and sometimes betwixt meals to several effects and for several intentions and according to the matter intention and quality whereof the Medicaments consist for they are given to leniate deterge incrassate incide expectorate and stay blood Eclegms also according to the Antients may be made of Medicaments of any sapour yet very bitter and very sharp Medicaments we do not approve of for this use for besides that ingratefull sense they bring to the palate they exasperate the hollow artery and the jaws and greatly molest the lungs yet are souâ— ones sometimes prescribed for the attenuation of gross humours But use hath so far prevailed that in the confecture of CoughcuÃing Eclegms it is almost a Law that nothing but sweet Ingredients should make up the Compound as juice of Liccorish Pines Jujubs Sugar-candy Dragaganth and such like Electuaries mixed in Honey or some fit Syrup But if the condition of any affection preternaturally require bitter or sharp Ingredients then must they be mixed with the other Medicaments in a less quantity both that they may be more easily assumed and also that in altering the humour contained they may not hurt the part containing Quae eclegmata conveniant Asthmaticis Such Lohochs as these are for their notable faculty in inciding and opening commended to the pursy and such as breath difficultly because of gross humours in their Lungs An Eclegm should be assumed upon a stick of Liccorish a little beaten or out of some little measure and holden in the mouth till it melt of its own accord and till it slide down the mouth of the stomack or insinuate it self into the Artery subjected They are reposed in earthen vessels leaded and may be kept a whole year without impairing their virtues Yet such as in their Confecture receive Almonds or Nuts as they grow mouldy sooner so do their faculties sooner fail and decay There is to be sold in Shops a certain Electuary somewhat liquid for Glisters and it is made of one pound of the decoction of Violets Malva the herb Mercury Pelitory of the wall Beets and Wormwood with the same weight of the Pitch of Cassia and Honey despumed which being thicker than any Syrup and borrowing its colour and virtue from Cassia is called Lohoch of Cassia Lohoch cassia CHAP. XI Of Electuaries in general SUch Medicaments as externally applyed can cure any Poyson whether within the body or inflicted on the body by some bite are by the Greeks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and those 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which introsumed help many grievous affections The Latins do not onely retain and confound both these names but also denote them by the name of Electuary to us for the Antients called them Antidotes the later men Electuaries Whereof according to their different consistency there be two kinds the one solid which Apothecaries make into little pieces which they call Lozenges the other more liquid made and formed into the consistency of an opiate But if according to Galen the difference of Antidotes or Electuaries be taken from their quality and vertues some are assumed because of deadly Medicaments others are prevalent against venemous beasts others are prescribed to diseases contracted by ill victualls and some are accommodated to all these uses which may not only be wholsomley introsumed but also externally applyed as Triacle Mithridate Electuaries according to their different solidity are called Dry and Tabulated Electuaria sicca ac tabulata or Liquid which have the consistency of an opiate a mean betwixt an Eclegme and Pills as all Antidotes whose powders are subactd with sape honey or wine which put to sugar righly prepared and agitated with a woodden pestell do acquire the just consistency of a solid Electuary So that wine and the same Electuary may be formed liquid or solid according to the adjection of sugar or honey with artificiall mixtion yet they can scarce be brought to a solid Consistency which admit of the extract of Cassia and the inner part of fruits The proportion of honey to powders in liquid Electuaries should be the same with sugar to them in dry and solid Electuaries which is that to one pound of honey or sugar should be mixed three ounces of Powder yet either may be increased or diminished as the power of the Antidote is requisite to be more valid or more weak for by how much more sugar or honey is added to the powders by so much is the Electuary weaker and by how much the lesse by so much the stronger In purging Lozenges one dramme of powder should be mixed with an ounce of sugar cocted in water or some juice to a consistency somewhat more solid than a syrup in Cord all Lozenges two ounces of sugar often go to one dram of powder the quantity whereof should be by so much lesser by how much the quality is stronger and the sapour more ingratefull But Physicians should define a just quantity of sugar or honey Medicorum error for while they prescribe onely according to their custome as much as will serve of either indefinitly they leave the Apothecary doubtfull in making the Electuary and they commit the sick persons safety to his judgement for he may make the strength of the Medicament more weak or more intense as he pleases and you shall scarce find two Apothecaryes who put the same proportion of sugar or honey to the same remedy when the quantity is not prescribed In the Confecture of the liquid Antidote Electuarium liquidum faciendi modus the honey is washed with a little water and boyled by little and little on a moderate fire and despumed till the water or other liquor be exhaled then it is taken off the fire and before it be absolute cold three ounces of the mixed powders are sprinkled upon the honey every pound of honey so prepared requires three ounces of Powder and then they are mixed with a woodden postell till the mixture be equall The weight of honey should not be changed because of the mixture of the pulpe of Cassia Tamarinds or Manna Dactyls and Almonds or other fruits for in confecting an Electuary of a Legitimate consistency the weight of dry powders must be answerable to the sape honey or sugar A soft Electuary should not be reposed in a box before it be thoroughly cold least its superiour part be extrinsecally incrusted in a certain Membrane it is betetr to let it be fermented and the
to labour and frequent purgation or pestered with many obstructions whereas the soft and slender bodyes of women and children which are either dry or macilent as also of pregnant women and persons newly recovered from diseases will not endure strong ones The species also and plenty of the humour Frigidus crassus humor tardius purgatur varyes the quantity of the Medicament for a viscid grosse frigid Melanchollicke pituitous and tenaciously adhering humour will hardly be deduced but requires a more valid and potent catharticke for its exclusion a thin calid and chollerick humour will sometimes be ejected by spontaneous vomit very easily by a purgative Medicament Furthermore the state of the heavens the nature of the region and the condition of the season of the year require a different quantity of Medicament for seeing the belly is obdurate in a cold season Aphor. 5. lib. 3 and a rigid Winter coartactes and condenses the body especially in the frigid region or climate the humour then tenaciously adhering is not propelled save either by a strong Medicament once or a gentle one often and in abundance exhibited and as the year for the most part causes diseases according to its own constitution Aphor. 5. lib. 3. so according to the species of the humour causing the disease and its greater or lesser progresse it is requisite that not only the kind but quantity of the Medicament be changed which must be more copious if by reason of the body humour state of the heavens region or custome purgation be difficult as on the contrary if purgation be easy in lesser quantity as shall appear hereafter CHAP. IX Of such as must be prescribed in small quantity EVery purgative Medicament hath either a strong or a weak facultie which by a particular propriety respect the gentle or potent eduction of this rather than another humour Now that Medicament I call gentle or weak â—landum medicamentum quale which assumed in an indifferent quantitie moves the ventricle benignely and educes moderately but superfluously assumed educes superabundantly For if an immoderate quantitie of Rhabarb or Cassia which are of the most familiar Medicaments to nature be assumed as an ounce and a half of the former or half a pound of the later it will move either stoole or vomit or both with a great and immoderate turbation of the ventricle and agitation of the humours That I call a potent purgative Potenter purgans which in small quantity as that that 's weighed by grains causes a copious and great dejection which must be given in small quantity as also all such as are ingratefull rare dear indued with potent efficacious vertue or partaker of any malignant quality Those are ingratefull Ingrâ—ta qualia which by their odour grievously affect our nose or brain as Castor Sagapenum and Assa-foetida which being a stinking gum the Germans call the Devills dung or by their sapour such as are bitter Medicaments as Colocynthis the lesser Centory sharp as Euphorbium Bartram most acid as the Oil of Sulphur Vitriol a few drops whereof in a due proportion mixed with the syrup violets make it of a red shining colour and somewhat acid of taste and thereby very pleasant to the eyes and palate A certain Court Doctor at his first coming gave this syrup thus altered by Art equally for all diseases with his own hands who deceiving the vulgar with his ostentations called it the secret of secrets Those that are rare and dear as Gems Precious-stones Pearle Balsam Precious Aromatas Amber Musck Civet and such as work an alteration in the body by their calidity or frigidity in the fourth degree must be prescribed in small quantity Those which by a certain antipathy Qua magna cautela sumenda and speciall potency impaire the principles of life spirit and heat consume the flesh and destroy the integrity of sanity must not be exhibited without extraordinary care and prudence as Vipers flesh against the pestilence or leprosy the reins or rather the flesh of the loines of Stincus to provoke to Venery Cantharides against the retention and obstruction of urine for these Cantharides rightly prepared and mixed with fit Medicaments and administred in a small quantity do move urine without harm but in a great quantity they stay it and impensly calefy the bladder Rondeletius Minerals also and all such as have more efficacious faculties must be taken sparingly such as are more remiss liberally Furthermore those that conduce to the dulcoration correction or deduction of other Medicaments must be mixed alwayes in a small quantity as Cynamon Sanders or Squinant to conciliate suavity of odour or sapour in the Medicament Ginger to the castigation of Agarick Saffron of Opium opening and mciding Medicaments to the dilation of the quality of other Medicaments to the parts to be cured But nothing doth so much dehort from a great quantity of any Medicament as its effrenate prepotent and malign quality which as soon as it is educed into act doth grievously disturb Nature and excites a Troop of symptomes Those which are rare and by their price fit Princes and rich men if necessity require may be prescribed in small quantity CHAP. X. In what quantity Simples must be mixed for composition FEW Compounds are found to confist of many Simples equal in proportion but two or more exceed the quantity of the rest They exceed which are the matters Vicegerents and induce an apt form to the Medicaments as Oil Wax Lithargy in Salves and Unguents or which are most potent in action and constitute the basis in composition as Aloes in many Pills as also such as have but weak faculties in great quantity or are adhibited for the preservation of others as Honey and Sugar in Electuaries and Syrups This rule is chiefly to be observed in the proportion of Medicaments to be compounded that that which brings more utility to the Medicament should be adhibited in greater quantity in composition They which are symbolical whose matter is equally apt to induce the form of the Medicament and which are in their faculties equally averse to the cause and symptome of the part affected should be mixed in equal weight which seems to be observed in the Tetrapharmacal Unguent which consists of equal portions of Wax Rosine Pitch and Bulls fat And also in Justinus his Electuary which by Nic. Mirepsius his description cap. 403. receives an equal portion of thirty Simples all which are thought by a certain propriety to break stones and clear the urinal passage To these is added Honey and Sugar in a different proportion that the Electuary may acquire a convenient form and apt consistency and be fitter for long preservation Some portion of simple Medicaments is measured by number some by weight others by both some in measures some in handfulls others in pugils The quantity of roots are variously measured for their dosis according to their various virtue and efficacy in operation If their faculty
that same which is educed out of many gums The seeds of Line Foenugreek Mallows Quinces Flea-wort and Marsh mallow roots as also their roots macerated in warm water are very mucaginous Figs also Gum Arabick Tragacanthum and Isinglass if they be a whole night infused in water or other liquor and the next day recalefied and strongly expressed through a new cloth or bag will dimit much mucaginous matter Thus the mucage of Bdellium Sugâ—penum Ammoniacum and Galbanum is extracted to make up the confection of the mucilaginous Emplaister To every ounce of water or other liquor they ordinarily impose an ounce of seeds or roots but if the Mucage should be more crass then the quantity of roots or seeds must be augmented if more liquid diminished as one dram of seed to an ounce of water This Muslidge applyed to an inflammation helps much â„ž A Muslidge against inflammation The roots of Marsh mallows â„¥ ss Flea wort seedÊ’ ij â—nfuse them upon hot embers for a day and a half in Night-shade water afterwards strain it and apply it to the part affected This Mucage mitigates the dolour of the eyes caused by heat â„ž Another to the pain of the eyes from a hot cause Quinco kernelsÊ’ iij. infuse them a whole night in the water of Night-shade Water-lillyes and Eye-bright ana â„¥ i. ss in the morning extract the Muslidge and apply it to the part grieved CHAP. XI Of Collyryes IT is not enough that a Medicament be accommodated to an affection onely but it must be fitted to the part affected also for we do not prescribe one Medicament to the ears mouth nose and belly but exhibit a singular Medicament to each as will best fit it The eyes have their peculiar Medicaments called Collyryes which are endued with eximious qualities respecting their affections eximiously such as Galen speaks of libro de oculis libris 4 5. composit medicament loc as also Paulus and Aetius in many places There are two kinds of Collyryes the one dry Collyriorum differentia Collyria ficca called by the Arabians Sicf by the Grecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latines Collyria fieca the other humid 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which are by the more recent called Collyries absolutely either because by their liquid form they are better accommodated to application the eyes not tolerating a hard and crass remedy or else because they are made of dry Collyries levigated upon a Marble and dissolved in water or such convenient liquor Some of the humid Collyries are of the consistency of Honey or a soft Unguent Tuthiae praeparatio as Tutia redacted to the form of an Unguent by much ustion and lotion with the juice of Fennel or other convenient liquor Others are altogether liquid and fluxile as all those which are made of the waters of Eye-bright Roses or Plantain with a small quantity of white Trochisks These should be reposed in glass vessels as the more solid in earthen pots And as a multitude of ocular affections are cured by Collyries so a multiplicity of materials go to their confecture as the whole Family of Medicaments whether of Minerals Animals or Plants from which either Powders can be efringed or Waters distilled or Juices extracted or Excrements desumed When you would quicken the sight make an oxydorcical Collyrie of such Medicaments as cure caligation as the galls of Animals the waters of Salendine and Eye-bright or the water of Community which confect thus â„ž Eye bright m. iij. Salendine Fennel Vervine Fumatory A water to quicken the sight ana m. ij Rue Balm ana m. j. Cloves Mace long Pepper ana â„¥ ss macerate them a whole night in equal parts of white Rose-water and white Wine then distill of the water with which wash the eyes This Collyrie will cure the pruriginous scabies of the eye-brows â„ž White wine * * * White For the scabies of the eye-lids Rose water ana â„¥ j. ss Hepatick Aloes finely pâ—lverized Ê’ j. mix them and make thereof a Collyrium This Collyrie will roborate and refrigerate â„ž A cooling and strengthening water for the eyes The water of Plantain and red Roses ana â„¥ ij whites of Eggs â„¥ ss mix them and beat them well together and make thereof a Collyrie This Collyrie applyed to the eyes will asswage their dolour â„ž For the pain of the eyes The waters of Purslain and Plantain ana â„¥ j. ss the mucilidge of Quince seeds made in Night shade water â„¥ j. mingle them fiat Collyrium This Collyrie will most efficaciously desiccate roborate and refrigerate â„ž A water strengthening and drying The water of Mouse-ear white Roses and Plantain ana â„¥ j. Troch alb RhasisÊ’ i. Tutty preparedÊ’ ss fiat Collyrium This Collyrie commonly called Eleiser roborates the eye and hinders the lapse of the fourth membrane or uvea and it is thus confected â„ž Collyrium Elciser Antimony Lapit Hematit anaÊ’ x. Acacia â„¥ ss AloesÊ’ j. let them be finely powdered cum aqua * * * Knotgrass Corrigiolae fiant Trochisci and when occasion calls for them dissolve one of them in white Rose water This other Collyrie which hath its denomination of Lead is endued with a sarcotical and consolidative faculty and is thus made â„ž A Collyrie of Lead Burnt Lead Antimony Tutty washed burnt Brass Gum Araback Traganth ana â„¥ j. Opium â„¥ ss make of these a Powder and with white Rose water form them into Trochisks which dissolve in white Rose water This Collyrie of Lanfrancus so called in whose Works I could never yet finde it is excellent against the French disease and is thus described by the antient Writers â„ž Collyrium Lanfranci White Wine lb j. of the water of Plantain and Roses of each a much as will suffice AuripigmentumÊ’ ij VerdigreaseÊ’ j. Alâ—es Myrrke ana ℈ ij let these be finely powdered and make thereof a Collyrium CHAP. XII Of Virgins milk VIrgins milk is one of those Medicaments which the sedulity of our age hath invented the making of which works no small admiration in the Vulgar whil'st of two unicolourous juices mixed together they educe a third white viscid and lent substance like milk to the spectators eyes Thus many exhibiting a specimen of their ingeny are believed to do miracles while they onely unfold Natures secrets Lac virginale cur dicitur Now it is called Virgins milk partly from its colour whereby it is like milk partly from its consistency and virtues wherein it is eximious even to delete the freckles of the skin which change and adulterate the virgin and genuine colour of the face This topical Medicament is made after many wayes whereof this is the most ordinary Receipt â„ž Litharidge of Gold finely powderedÊ’ iij. white wine vinegar of the best and strongest lb. ss mingle them together stir them with a wooden spatula for three hours afterwards filter the liquor through a brown paper in the form of a funnel
into a glass drop by drop to that which is filtrated adde pluvial or fountain water in which dissolve a little salt upon the mixtion whereof a milk will appear This is also an usual form â„ž White wine vinegar lb. ss Litharidge of Gold finely powdered â„¥ j. boyl them together till the third part be consumed and to the Colature adde a little Oil of Tartar and it will become white It may also be thus confected â„ž Ceruse â„¥ ss Litharidge â„¥ j. Trochisks of CamphorÊ’ ss the strongest Vinegar lb. ss macerate them three or four hours afterwards filtrate them and to the filtration adde the water of Bean flowers or Plantain or Roses in which dissolve a little Salt and it will become white It is very good against the redness of the face and pimples Ejus virtuor and roughness of the skin CHAP. XIII Of Alume water THE affinity of the qualities minde me of another water of â—â—mious virtues which derives its denomination from Alumâ— which is its basis Since many Juices ingrede its confection which are better new than old it can scarce be made before or after Summer but about the end of August or the beginning of September for then the juice of Grapes is most copious and most acid being immature and therefore more accommodate to confect this water Being extrinsecally applyed it cohibits and deterges inflammations pimples and other infections of the skin adhibited also above the tongue that grows black by the acuteness of a Feaver it will not onely delete its roughness but so moderate its calour as to reduce it to its natural heat I shall here exhibit its more usual and approved description whereunto a skilfull Medick may easily adjoyn another if the particular nature or condition of any affection require it and thus it is confected â„ž Aqua aluminosa magistralis Of the juices of Plantain Purslain Grapes Roch alume ana lb. j. whites of Eggs no. xij mix them well together with a spatula and afterwards distill them in an Alembick Some by mixing the juice of Nightshade and Limons with it make it more prevalent against filth and lice and other affections of the skin and they call it the Magisterial Alume water CHAP. XIV Of a Frontal AFrontal which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is a Medicament which imposed on the forehead doth help the head-ach and it is often exhibited to extinguish its ardour and conciliate sleep when in long Feavers too much waking hath dejected the strength corrupted the blood and exagitated the mind For then a topical refrigerative Hypnotick applyed to the frontispiece of the head will be very salutiferous by abating the dolour mitigating the fervour tempering the blood and cohibiting the ascendent fumes Nicholaus Myrepsius tells us that a Frontal duely confected and rightly adhibited to the eyes cures lippitude and abundant fluours But we must take heed we do not adhibit humectative and refrigerative Frontals to a flegmatick brain or old men in winter especially seeing they are not meet for such in summer Quibus frâ—ntalia bene vel male conveniunt nor yet for any of a cold nature But they may be successfully applyed to young men and such as are cholerick or infested with some hot disease which alwayes causes great dolour in the head at any time But the use of Frontals is no way safe for young girls whose Cranium yet gapes and whose Vertex is yet moveable especially such as admit Vinegar in their composition which is an enemy to the brain or are endued with a narcotical or with a refrigeratory or calefactory quality or any other eximious faculty in excess They indeed are very expetible which by the first degrees change the distemper of the four qualities cohibit vapours gently soporate the senses and roborate the brain All Frontals are either somewhat humid or altogether dry the humid are of multifarious forms and consistencies for they are either made in form of an Unguent or of a Liniment or of an Opiate or of a Cerato malagma as when some oleaginous Medicaments are super-added to brayed herbs and a Frontal formed of the mixture Neither are dry Frontals uniform but confected of leaves and flowers either integral or pulverated and sowed in a double Syndon or pure cloth This Frontal is accommodate to women â„ž Of the leaves of Lettice and Betony cut small and of Rose leaves ana m. j. madefy these in Oxyrrhodino and make thereof a Frontal This Frontal will asswage the fervour of the head and conciliate sleep â„ž Conserves of Water-lillyesÊ’ vj. of Roses â„¥ ss Fervorem mitigans somnumque concilians of the flower of Poppyes p. ij beat them together in a mortar with a little Unguent Populeon fiat Frontale CHAP. XV. Of Cataplasms and Pultises THis soft Medicament which onely extrinsecally applyed doth asswage dolour repell mollify relax and calefy as also move vacuate and digest corrupt matter is called both by Greeks and Latines Cataplasma It hath the consistency of a Pultis whence it often borrows a name though in proper loquution Puls is rather an Aliment and Cataplasma a topical Medicament which is not confected solely of Honey wherein some Simples or Compounds accommodate to that purpose have been cocted as the Antients used to make it but of Roots Herbs Meal Oil and Butter and very often and that successfully by clinical women of Milk Bread crums Oil and the yolks of Eggs to mitigate leniate and concoct And he that calls a Cataplasm thus compounded a Pultis and a Pultis made of Barley meal the mucaginous matter of Linseed and Eggs yolks a Cataplasm doth erre nothing according to Fernelius for both have the same consistency to wit a mean betwixt an Unguent and a Salve and as it were the result of both their materials compounded together both have the same method in confecture and in use Fernelius thinks that the Antients used Cataplasma and Malagusâ— for the same thing but Galen initio lib. 7. de comp med gen according to the meaning and opinion of the Antients names those Medicaments alone Malagms which mollify parts preternaturally obdurated so that a malactical and mollitive Medicament and a Malagm do not at all differ nor constitute distinct species as 't is very probable Pultises then are constituted of Roots Leaves Stalks cocted to a putrilency Meal Fat and Oil. If dry Plants be required they must be pulverated if green cocted till they liquefy then stamped in a mortar trajected through a scarce and mucaginous fat or oleaginous matters added to the pulped matter and sometimes meal and then must they be again cocted till they acquire the crassitude of a Pultis This Cataplasm will asswage dolour and mollify obdurateness â„ž Anodynum malacticum The roots of Lillyes and Marsh mallows ana â„¥ ij Mallows Pelitory Violets ana m. ij boyl them till they become soft beat them small and pulp them through a sieve to which adde Linseed
according to that of the Poet Vinum alit lites lites dissolvit easdem Wine therefore is adiaphorous and indifferent good or evil Vinum sanis robur aâ— its use is good or evil And as it is sanity and strength to the sane so it is infirmity to the infirm and especially to such as are distempered from a hot cause There are many sorts of wine differenced by their colour Vini differentiae sapour substance odoar virtue and place from their colour they are called white red black flave claret and palid wines from their sapour sweet austere sharp aceth insipid from their substance crafs thin feculent from their odour sweet fragrant inodorous from their virtue vinous aquous polyphorous multifarious and oligophorous from their place Falernian Albane Grecian of which antient wines we should drink moderately by Galen's advice c. 6. l. 5. de sanit tuend for they gravidate the head but we want all these yet ours are no less vinous as our Anrelian Burgundian Andiâ—e Ainian Meudonian Ruelliane and Argentoliane Qui primus aquam vino miscuâ—rit which are generous wines and need Amphiction who first mixed water with wine And as in Banquets men get the best wine so should we seek the most generous and â—â—â—le in our Pharmacopolies for Medicaments which are to be assumed at the mouth as Theriacal and Mithridative Confections as also for some that are to be extrinsecally applyed as many Salves and Unguents There is a water also distilled from these wines easily contracting ardour and flame and eximious for many uses which they call Aqua vita as indeed there is nothing in wine which is not eximious as its odour sapour and spirits whereby man is not onely refreshed nourished and cherished but also many Medicaments and Adjuments made out of its very lees and dregs which the Alchymists call Tartar CHAP. III. Of Vinegar VInegar which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is sharp or rather dead wine for it is produced out of vapid wine destitute of its proper spirits and innate calour and as Omphacy is elegantly tearmed wine increasing so is Vinegar wine decreasing for wine is the mean betwixt both And vinegar is more tenuious acute and liquid than both and therefore it doth not concrete or congeal in frost if it be made of wine which is the most salubrious and eximioius for that which in some Countryes is made of stale beer is insane and should not at all be used by an Apothecary in his Confectures for when we put vinegar absolutely we mean wine-vinegar so confected by age or artifice not by any malignant mixture which for its eximious qualities is used in kitchins to Sauces and Condiments in Pharmacopolies to the preparation of Oxymel Lythargy and other Compounds Now all vinegar is attenuative incisive discussive repressive refrigerative and somewhat calefactive Gal. cap. 10. lib. 2. comp med loc for old Homer acknowledges that it retains in it some seeds of calour whence Galen saith cap. 19. l. 1. de simpl med it is of a mixt quality for as milk is not all homogeneous and similar nor in all parts the same so neither is vinegar which many say is calid and many frigid But such as have truly perpended its faculty finde it for the most part more frigid than calid cap. 20. ejusdem libri And I much recede from their opinion who think it to be calid like a Cautery or Pyroâ—ick for by sense we finde that when it is applyed it is at first sharp and refrigerative but after its ablation some calour follows which happens accidentally and because of its acrimony though not alwayes nor to all bodyes c. 21. ejusdem libri Hence we may collect that vinegar is naturally frigid but hath acquired an accidentary calidity or as Galen speaks cap. 23. ejusdem libri neither absolutely frigid nor absolutely calid participating of neither extream for many things that consist of contrary and pugnant qualities seem simple to the sense and are judged as neuters for it is unavoydable that vinegar having lost its innate quality should acquire another by putrefaction Of which opinion is Theophrastus and Aristotle for the vinous parts of the wine transeating into vinegar must be refrigerated and the aquous parts thereof by putretude obtain an adventitious calidity as all things else which putrefy do c. 2. l. 4. simpl Vinegar then is a compound of parts of a contrary quality to wit partly calid partly frigid as the ashes of burned wood Yet Vinegar is of admirable utility to Mortals but it is more frequently used of others than of Apothecaries CHAP. IV. Of Omphacy OMphacy What Omphacy is which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Shopmen Agresta is the juice of sour grapes not yet come to maturity not yet changed into Rob by the Suns calidity such was Dioscorides his Omphacium But that we now have is expressed like wine in a winepress out of grapes of perfect magnitude but not maturity then percolated reposed in hogsheads and mixed with a little salt and these by progression would be wine so wine by regression will be vinegar which in its vertues is very correspondent to Omphacy for both are refrigerative the Omphacy more imbecilly the vinegar more validly because more teâ—â—ous which also participates of more acrimony which is calefactive by its adscititious calidity Acetum calidum frigidum Therefore Aristotle said well that vinegar was frigid by the innate calour of the wine and calid by the adventitious which calour is not of sufficient vigour to over-power the frigidity proceeding from its acidity But Omphacy hath not the least of calidity in it neither is it so tenuious nor yet so nimble as with that expedition to permeate the pores and parts of the body as vinegar which being not onely acid but acerb Gal. cap. 10. lib. 4. de simpl med is more conducible to the ardour of the Hypochondriacal parts than vinegar for it is not so violent not is its frigidity mixed with any mordacious calour for such as are infested with excess of this calour should be mitigated without violence or assumption of any Calefactive or Medicament endued with mordacious acrimony Omphacium quâ—bus profit And hence is it that Omphacy is profitable for great ardours Gal. cap. 2. lib. 4. de simpl whether it be imposed on the orifice of the belly or other parts that need reâ—â—geration But it is most frequently assumed at the mouth either mixed with Aliments for pleasure or with Medicaments for sanity for broth altered therewith is more gratefull to the jaws and palate condiments acidulated therewith revoke the appetite It also extinguishes the heat of the liver and tempers the estuosity of the bood 〈◊〉 all which the sytup of Grapes will perform And though Omphacium may be made of any immature grapes yet it is in France deduced onely out of those the white vineâ— bring forth whose branches being longer and more
ferrugineous spots It neither bears seed nor flowers like Adiantum wherewith also it agrees in reference to its faculties CHAP. XIX Of Ceterach or Spleen-wort ALL the society of Pharmacopolists stood long in this errour Ceterach that Scolopendrium and Heminionis commonly called Harts-tongue were one and the same Plant till better informed either by the bare words or writings of Physicians they were convinced that Splenium commonly called Ceterach was the true Scolopendrium Its leaves are small divided like Polypody yellowish rough narrow and corrugated underneath adhering to a blackish pedicle scarce a palms length disposed in an adverse order yet not so that they are directly opposite one against another like the leaves of the Polytriche but that they oppose each others interstice as of some Polypody It is found in rocks opake walls and such stony and shady places insisting upon no stalk save a small pedicle crowned with no flower and gravidated with no seed It s faculty is to minuate the spleen to break and expell the stone Vires to move urine to abate singulture and cure the Jaundies CHAP. XX. De Salvia vita or Rue-maidenhair THis Plant is next in affinity to a Capillary Salvia vita which from the similitude of the leaves and the congruity of place wherein Rue and it grow is called mural Rue and by the Shopmen Salvia vita It thrives best in opake rocks wet stones old edifices and caves which as it were dividing the rocks proceeds out of their incisures with thin short and slender stalks whereon little but crass leaves adhere divided and of a whitely green colour very like to Rue The whole Plant is scarce as long as a mans palm devoyd of seed and slowers alwayes green and therefore it is often used in winter when other Plants are either withered or eradicated Vires It reserates the excrementitious passages takes away obstructions moves excrements exsiccates watry humours and thence conduces to the stoppings of the spleen and mesenteries it moves flowers and urine expells the stone cures the dropsy and helps diseases within the breast They are mistaken that think this is Fellon-grass CHAP. XXI Of some other Plants that are of the second sort of Capillaries and first of Moon-fern Hemionitis THis Herb is from the efficacy of its faculties wherewith it respects the spleen called by Pharmacopolists sometimes Asplenium sometimes Scolopendrium as also Ceterach because in curing the affection of the spleen it hath the precellency yet it is neither Scolopendrium Asplenium nor common Ceterach but a distinct Plant destitute of stalk seed and flower onely a company of leaves issuing out of the earth whence it is often called Phyllitis that is a folious herb for its root emits many fibrous and blackish leaves upon as many filaments which leaves are crass rigid long like Harts tongue as it is sometimes denominated smooth on the upper side rough on the lower with transverse ferrugineous lines Gaza calls it Mula It is of great use to the spleen Vires whose obstructions it doth not onely remove but abates its durity and obtumescence and successfully helps the affections of the liver CHAP. XXII Of Dodder and Epithymum DOdder grows upon fruitfull Herbs like Epithyme Dodder epithymus destitute of a root but as Matthiolus faith issues out of the stalk of a Plant like a wing or long capillament It grows most abundantly about Line whence the Shopmen call it Lines Podagry Fuchsius not without reason believes that Dodder at first proceeds from some root which withers and perishes when its capillaments do involve a plant from which it may suck nutriment and thence it is that the temperament and quality of the Dodder changes according to the variety and nature of the Plants which it involves And many think that Dodder and Epithyme differ not save that the one grows on Line the other on Thyme Yet Matthiolus will not suffrage herewith but contends and that by testimony from Galen that both the form and qualities are in them different for Epithyme calefies in the third degree and Cuscuta onely in the second but here it onely follows that Epithyme borrows its calefactive quality from Thyme Cuscuta from Line They do very dangerously mistake who take the podagry of other Plants for true Cuscuta and Epithyme Neither of them have any leaves they are onely hairy putting forth slender capillaments like Cittern strings out of which issues forth small flowers like glistering stars gravidated with small seeds which ingrede the composition of the laxative syrup of Succory and Rhabarb It is abstersive and roborative it cures the obstructions of the liver and spleen moves urine helps the jaundies and is good for all affections proceeding from cholerick and melancholick humours CHAP. XXIII Of the five Apertive Roots and first of Smallage-root THere are many apertive roots five whereof precell the other in dignity three whereof grow in Gardens to wit Petroseline Sperage and Fennel two in places uncultivated Smallage and Butchers-broom * * * Smallage Apium in Latine and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek differ much as also Parsly and Petroseline For Apios according to Dioscorides cap. 177. lib. 4. hath leaves like Rue short and growing on three or four stalks lying along on the ground and on a root that is extrinsecally black intrinsecally white formed like a Pear which will move the body both by vomit and stool though not vehemently Yea Apios is sometimes taken for a root like a Pear in form and sometimes for some juice that is insipid or at least of an imperceptible sapour Whereas Apium properly so called which Dioscorides names seline or cleofeline is very like Parsley but greater and effects the same with Parsley but because of its ungratefull odour and sapour is excluded the lociety of Pot-herbs It grows most commonly in uncultivated and moyst places whence it is properly called Paludapium or Rustick Smallage It is hot in the second Its virtues and dry in the third degree Gal. l. 8. simp it moves flowers and urine discusses flatuosity and its seed is more efficacious than the Herb it self Pliny saith it cures Spiders poyson It s root is frequently usurped to deduce the passages to remove obstructions and it is thought that its leaves eaten conduce much to the lungs CHAP. XXIV Of Petroseline THat which the Antients called Garden-Apium Petroseline and Parsley we call Petroseline it is most common in Gardens and most frequently used in making broth and dressing meat it grows no where save in Gardens and there most redundantly whether they be hot or cold it refuses no soyl if it be cultivated and fat and suppeditate humour whereon it may live its seed germinates the latest of all to wit about forty or fifty dayes after its sature It bears leaves like Coriander crisped roots it hath long and capillated which are pleasant for Aliments and usefull for Medicaments It is given to
comes from Agaria a region of Samatia whence it derives its denomination Now we have very good from Delphinatus a Province of France and many parts of Italy where procerous Larix trees grow copiously on whose trunks Agarick grows which is no root as Dioscorides and Galen conjectured It is hot in the first degree dry in the second it purges flegm liberates obstructions attenuates deterges dissipates flatuosity and eases us of all diseases proceeding from viscid crass and frigid humours CHAP. IX Of Polypody POlypody is so tearmed because many knots and tubercles like the Fishes called Polypi grow on its roots It is also called Dentropteris or tree fern because it grows on trees and sometimes on umbrous stones mossy walls and such humid places It is an herb without stalk flower and seed consisting onely of a root and leaves like masculine fern but lesser and maculated on the under side with yellow spots It s root is hirsute and long about the crassitude of a little finger extending it self obliquely and exasperated with many lumps within it is porraceous and virid like a Pastick nut its sapour is very sweet subamare austere and somewhat aromatical but it doth not much affect the tongue It doth not calefy in the third degree as Mesue thought but it 's probable that it exsiccates in the second it deterges digests and ficcates crass and viscid humours educes melancholick and viscid flegm and that even from the articles if it be copiously assumed It sustains much coction and is seldome given alone but mixed with other purgatives which may adauge its imbecil purgative faculty The broth of an old Cock the decoction of Bete or Mallows much augment its purgative faculty It helps also some affections when it is externally applyed Diosc c. 188. l. 4. CHAP. X. Of Carthamus Bastard or Spanish Saffron AS the nomenclature of Cartham denotes this herb to be purgative so doth Enicus shew it spinous For Cartham is a Plant which as to its faculty is subductive and to its cognation of the sorts of Carduus It assurges on a stalk two cubits high and more which is strait hard ligneous and towards the top ramous Its leaves are long broad from the middle to the stalk acuminated towards the top and aculeated in their ambient The extremities of the branches produce some round heads about the magnitude of Olives obduced with many spinous skins which emit Saffron-colour'd flowers so like them of Crocus that most perspicacious eyes may be deceived in them hence the Vulgar call it the wild Crocus To these succeed long smooth white angulous and splendent seeds effigiated like them of Heliotrope whose cortex is hard and medulla or pith white fat and sweet Cartham is by the Seplasiaries called wild Crocus by the Medicks Cnicum whereof there are two sorts the one sative or vulgar the other wild whereof Theophrastus makes two sorts also the one with a strait caul which women use for distaffs which according to Ruellius c. 155. l. 3. is a kinde of thistle and wild Cartham the other lower grosser and more hirsute which they call Carduus Benedictus of which elsewhere Carthamus seed is purgative Vires for its very pith solely assumed is flegmagogous and mixed with other Medicaments expurges lent and frigid humours but that it calefies not in the third degree sense demonstrates contrary to Galen's opinion CHAP. XI Of Wallwort or Dwarf-Elder WAllwort and Elder are so similar Ebulus that they seem to differ solely in magnitude whence Dioscorides calls them both Elders the one the Arboreous Elder the other the Dwarf-Elder Elder grows into a tall tree sometimes whose boughs and bole are hollow medullous and round like reeds first green then cineritious ligneous and hard Sambucus its leaves are like them of a Wallnut tree but graveolent and in their ambient frequently incided Its flowers are many small white and elegantly composed into heads whose consequents are turgent berries of a sanguineous colour The Elder germinates first of wild trees and is last denudated of its leaves But Wall-wort or Dwarf-Elder is more herbaceous and low whose stalk is neither ligneous nor perpetual but annually tabefying and dying It grows best in moyst and fat soyls especially if they be incultivated Its leaves are ample and incided about Its flowers composed into heads are numerous white odorate not fetid Its fruits like Elders are small round black and pregnant with juice and seed Its roots are crass long and carnous out of its fruits in Autumn they get small seeds which they keep in their Pharmacopolies Both its roots and seeds are hydragogous and very apertive and therefore usefull in hydroptical and watry diseases CHAP. XII Of Esula or Devils milk THere are seven sorts of Tithymals enumerated amongst the lacteous Plants whereunto Esulae are congenerate Esula for they are all lacteous and purge flegm with griping and molestation yet Esula is by the Rusticks taken for Rhabarb and so frequently used to the valitude of many and the death of more It is called Esula or Caula by the Arabians Alsebran by Diascorides Peplus by the Shopmen Esula rotunda because its small leaves are orbiculated It grows in vineyards hedge sides and many incultivated places Another Plant which Dioscorides calls Peplion and Peplis and some water Plantain hath much cognation and the same virtues with this Esula The round and lesser Esula is better than the greater which hath leaves like Tithymal Esula is hot Vires sharp and ulcerative violently educing flegm its substance being tenuious is igneous sharp incisive tenuative fusive apertive and siccative Besides flegm it draws also choler from the junctures It s ferity is castigated by infusion in vinegar as we have shewed in Officina 〈◊〉 8. l. 2. or by admistion of some cordials or roberatives CHAP. XIII Of Hermodactyls HErmodactyls Hermodactylus and Colchian Ephemora are bulbeâ— Plants similar in form in faculties dissimilar for * * * Quick-fading flower Ephemerâ—â—â— is strangulative in one day suffocating the assumer and no way subducing the belly in purging whereas Hermodactyls are no way perilous and yet expurge orderly flegm from the junctures There is also indigenous Ephemerum which some call wild Loâ—ks or meadow Cracus whose leaves are but three or four long broad smooth The difference between Hermodactyls and Ephemerum and fat ones whose flowers are in colour and form like them of Crocus issuing out at the same time to wit in Autumn Iâ— root is like an Onion it grows in meadows and moyst places 〈◊〉 is by some erroneously usurped for Hermodactyle for this being exsiccated is flaccid feeble and not at all purgative nor yet pernicious as the Colchian Ephemerum which is strangulative whereas Hermodactyle is exotical and not flaccid as this but hard compact and easily pulverable which educes humours from the remote parts and junctures of the assumer Now one sort of Ephemerum is lethal and strangulative to
some factitious Alomes as Catinum which is made of the ashes of Kali and vulgar Soda as squamous Alome which is made of a specular stone pellucid like glasse as Lees-Alome which is made of Wine-Lees burned and albified I think it superfluous to describe the manner of confecting these Alomes since they are now of no use All Alome is of crasse parts Vires bindes much whence it is called Stypterion because it is styptical or astrictive it califies moderately cleanses emends putrid Ulcers dries humid ones absumes excrescent flesh takes away itching cures the scab and accedes usefully to many Medicaments made for Ulcers CHAP. 7. Of Salt AS nothing is more common nothing more frequent so nothing more known then Salt without which Beasts can but we cannot subsist Whereof there are many sorts as Sea-salt Fossile-salt Lake-salt and River-salt Sea-salt is most common and best which is solely used in France Fossile-salt which shop-men call Gemme-salt is broken and effoded out of Mynes like stones it is splendent like Chrystal This cast into the fire doth not crack like the rest but ignifies like Iron There is also Indian-salt which Mesue uses in the confection of Pills of Azure-stone but this being wanting we substitute gemmeous Salt They mistake that think that Mesue means by Indian-salt that Sugar which he calls Tabarzet we White for the Indians have their Salt which they effode from the Mount Oromenus in great lumps in whose stead our gemmeous Salt will serve well as in acuating the slower faculty of Agarick and Polypody Ammoniack or Armeniack-salt being very ingrateful both in sapour and colour and gifted with no eximious faculties is judged incommodious it concretes into broad plates under the Cyranium sands with black veins extrinsecally in colour it comes near Alome we call Schiston as also the Salt we call Alkali and Catinum Dioscorides commends Lake-salt and Phrygian-salt but we preferre our own The flower of Salt which flows upon Nilus is neither seen of nor desired by us it is as it were the Spawn of a certain River as also the broth of Salt and the flower of the spamous Sea in Dioscorides There is another kinde of Salt they call Nitre denoted with a double difference the first is the light Nitre of Dioscorides and the Ancients its colour is roseous or white it gapes with some holes like a spunge it ceases now to be brought to us the other is more vulgar called Salnitre or Saltpeter which ingredes the confection of that powder which is made of many nitrous waters in France for warlike Instruments While it is laboured with much coction it eructates Aphronitrum or spume of Nitre different from that which the Ancients mention which is thought to be native not artificial as also a certain friable lanuginous matter white and saltish which adheres to many walls which is thought to be the flower of Nitre I shall not now speak of the confection of Nitre because it appertains not to Apothecaries The faculties of Salt are great many and very useful to man but not so necessary in Pharmacy as many think who praedicate many wonderful and vain things of Salt educed by Chymical Art for they mordaciously assert that there is a purgative faculty in Medicaments because of Salt and when they have got some extract from any Medicament they averre they have got its Salt However Salt is very conservative it astringes absterges purges discusses represses extenuates and vindicates from putretude yet some Salt is better then other Seeing Brine is its liquor it exhibits the same effects Vires it is mixed with Glysters to excite the expulsive faculty which is flow in such as are infested with the Lethargy and Apoplexy CHAP. 8. Of Bitumen BItumen which the Greeks call Asphaltos is as it were the fatness of the earth swimming above the water which cast upon the shore condensates concretes and becomes hard tenacious and inflammable As long as Bitumen swims on the water it is soft but when it is off it becomes spisse and harder then and resembles dry Pitch yet easily liquescible at the fire Many Lakes are bituminous but especially one in Judaea Sodomeus Lacus thence called Asphalites and The dead Sea because of its vastity and because its water remains almost immovable not stormy but heavy falt crass and foetid wherein neither Plants nor Animals breed neither doth it nourish such as are injected or admit them into its bowels Some enumerate a kinde of Fossile terrene matter Carbo petrae which some call but falsly The Earth Ampelitis others better Stone-coal which seems to be a kinde of Jet of which they make Beads and Images which strangers wear in their Hats amongst solid Bituments All Bitumen is not solid and hard but some there is perpetually liquid and fluid called Naphta which is the colature of Babylonian Bitumen white of colour and most capacious of fire for there is so much cognation betwixt this and fire that it will presently leap into it when near it There is also black Bitumen As the true and native Bitumen of Judaea and Sodome come not to us in whose stead we use Pissaphaltus or factitious Bitumen made of Petreol Pitch and other things so neither the true Naphta in whose stead we assume a certain liquor that falls from the fields near Modena which they call Petreol as if it were Oyl educed out of a Rock for both have the same cansistency colour and vertue But Pissaphaltus is the commixion of Pitch and Bitumen as its name designs which some use for Mumy of which hereafter All Bitumen discusses mollifies glutinates defends from inflammation by obfaction suffumigation or imposition emends the Proptosis and strangulation of the Uterus but our Bitumen is seldome right Naphta extenuates incides digests penetrates absumes frigid and crasse humours in all parts of the body and cures the resolution of the Nerves Palsey and diseases in the arteries from a cold cause Some yet recenseate more bitumens as that furfurous pinguetude which some call Whales-sperm Sperma Caeti quid others White-Amber and many The flower of the Sea for it is collected on the Sea whose fat spume or innatant flower it is Many think it is Dioscorides his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 CHAP. 9. Of Sulphur SUlphur is either native and fossile called Brimstone and Quick-sulphur or factitious the native is naturally generated of a certain fat portion of earth much whereof is in Lipara Melos and such places where the factitious is made the splendent pellucid and not saxous is best whose colour without is subcincritious within subluteous Many Mountains are very sulphureous as Aetna which eructates perpetual flames The factitious is made of some fat Glebes which are effoded out of sulphureous Mynes The manner of its confection I leave to such Rusticks as are exercised therein the green and fat is best Sulphur hath much cognation with fire for if it be cast upon coals it will
is deprehended both wayes as being indued with an alexiterial faculty whereby it extinguishes the venereous poyson in the French disease for it is its antidote though it be no way safe unless it be well handled duely castigated and opportunely given for we have known many who taking quicksilver from the unskilful have either perished or fallen into a worse case then before for this is a beast which can scarce be tamed by any art and therefore Galen is excusable who feared to use it and durst not make trial of its faculty having learned from Dioscorides that it was deletory Such as work Lead or other Metals wherein there is any portion of quicksilver are apt to contract trembling Palsey and corrugation of Nerves Those also that effode quicksilver out of Mynes though rustical and robust Men yet do they scarce tolerate that labour for four years but die miserably for it is an untamed Medicament whose active vertue and effect are both ancipitous and though it be liquid yet very ponderous Metals will swim upon it as wood upon water except Gold which sinks therein Now quicksilver is either natural or artificial the natural distils drop by drop out of the glebes of many Mynes as of those in the Mount Hydria or fountain-like flows copiously out of some vein in a Myne smitten with a spade or other Iron Instrument The artifical is made or rather extracted out of Cinnabaris of which we have spoken in the former Chapter I cannot assent to Brassavolus who after Vitruvius asserts that Mercury may be made of Marble unless that I could say with the Alchymists that this Sulphur and Salt may be elicited out of all mixed bodies Its qualities are as yet under debate for some from its effects say it is hot others cold Avicenna Vires whom Palmarius and many others follow says it is cold and moist Fracastorus Tomitanus and others who attribute an erosive faculty to it contend for its calidity I with Trajanus think it of a mixed quality participating of many other faculties but consisting chiefly of subtile and calefactive crasser and refrigerative parts for it incides attenuates penetrates melts resolves subduces the ventricle and what is most to be admired partly by an attractive faculty attracts humours from the superficies to the centre that is to the ventricle and excludes them by stool and partly by an impulsive faculty propels them from the centre to the habit and ejects them by salivation It is used for both ends in the French disease and it often works the fluor of the belly when it is given for salivation often salivation when it is intended for the fluor of the belly It is sometimes redacted to white and ponderous powder of which we have treated elsewhere which without molestation subduces the belly but harmes the bowels wherein it leaves the malign impress both of it self and aqua fortis in which it is immerged as I have observed in many who committed themselves to some Circulators SECT II. Of Medicinal and Precious Stones THere is no corner of the earth which doth not afford man either Food or Raiment no angle in which there is not something found idoneous for mans use Arabia is not onely happy in this but every remote and barbarous Region doth afford us many precious things with which we do not onely cloath our selves gallantly but use wholesomely What plenty of rich and precious Gemmes is daily brought us from both the Indies and other remote Regions with abundance of eximious Plants We call them Gemmes and Precious Stones for their rarity pulchritude elegancy and famous vertues There is no doubt faith the Poet but there is a Divine Vertue placed in Gemmes Hence Kings and Princes do adorn their Crowns enrich and illustrate their Fingers beautifie their Houses expel Enchantments ture Diseases preserve Health recreate the Eyes exhilarate the Minde and drive away sadness therewith CHAP. 1. Of the Smaragde or Emerald AFter the Adamant which is onely famous for its hardnesse being of no use in Pharmacy the Emerald takes place whose elegant viridity eximious dignity and efficacious vertue prefer it before all Precious-stones then which nothing can be objected more pleasant nothing more grateful to the Eyes for the lenity of its colour refreshes fatigated Eyes which the fulgour of others offend The Arabians call it Zamarrut Emeralds are found in many places but the best amongst the Giants called Cyclops or Arismaspi because they have onely one round eye in the middle of their foreheads for Arisma with them denotes one and Spu an Eye This people hath continual warre with Gryffons that they may more freely effode Gold and Precious-stones wherewith their Mountains abound which many Gryffons fierce and cruel Birds inhabit which dilacerate men and like vigilant keepers punishing the tomerity of great avarice set upon each one they see with their adunc Beaks and Claws Pliny makes twelve sorts of Emeralds whereof the Scythian which are lucidly green are the best then the Bactrian which are sometimes found in the junctures of Rocks next the Aegyptian which are got out of Hills and Rocks near a Theban Town called Copton the rest are found in Brasse Mynes of which see Pliny Cap. 6. Lib. 37. Our Merchants sell onely three sorts distinguished by reason of the minority or majority of their value for they set a small estimate upon brasse Emeralds obscure variegated not translucid and all such as have either Jasper or Beryl or other stones mixed with them The best Emerald is of one colour splendid pellucid liquidly green and pleasant to the eye The Emerald-stone is of such eximious faculties that it is believed preservative from the falling-sickness included in a Ring it also roborates the Memory loves Chastity and is so averse to the sopperies of Venery that when the King of Hungary went in to his wife the Emerald in the Ring wherewith her finger was adorned broke into three parts And seeing its faculties are so eximious Mesue's Interpreter did well though besides his Authors meaning to put an Emerald in the Electuary de Gemmis in stead of Feruzegi or rather Peruzegi that is Turchesa or Eranus which is of no vertue not use in Medicine but Emerald of much whose commendable colour and excellent faculties Marbodaeus thus loftily warbles forth Omne virens superat forma viridante Smaragdus Collo suspensus dirum fugat hemitritaeum Et sanare potest ipsa ratione Caducos Fertur lascivos etiam campescere motus CHAP. 2. Of the Saphyre SAphyre is a Gemme of no very precious value especially the waterish so named from its colour but the splendent which is of an azure-colour is of high esteem of which the Poet thus comments Saphyri species digitis aptissima regum The watery or as the Lapidaries term it the white Saphyre doth so much emulate the Adamant that it hath deceived many Both sorts are found in Calecut but the better are brought from Zeilan and Pegu. The
the stone that Isidore calls Ophthalmius There is another stone appertaining to the kinde of Opalus Panthera which from its variegated colour resembling the Panther is called Panther and it is thought to be indued with as many vertues as colours The Selenite Selenites so called from the Moon which it represents 〈◊〉 a stone of a shining candid and yellow colour which increases and decreases as the Moon doth some of this kinde are greener others paler The Girasol Girasola which some call the Sun's stone others Loucopâ—â—alos is reposed among those Gemmes which are candidly nitent and emit an aureous fulgor There is a noble Gemme called Dionysia Dionysia which brayed and assumed though it resemble the sapour of Wine yet it resists eâ—riety The Poet thus describes it Nigramicat rubris Dionysia consita guttis Beryl is a Gemme comprehending many under it of the same name Beryllus some whereof are caeruleous others paler others flave and aureously fulgent which are often called Chrysoprasi others in colour resemble oyl and others other things so as its species are nine Beryl shines obscurely unless it be brought to a Sexangulaâ— form There hath been of late a stone mixed with a green and lacteous colour Nephriticus lapis brought from New-Spain which they call the Reins-stoâ—e which bound to ones arm doth by a special propriety break and propel the stone Aetites is as it were a pregnant stone Aetites sounding when shaken which derives its name from Eagles by whom as it is storied it is got and posited in their Nests to allay the heat of their Eggs lest they califie too much during incubation others think otherwise and speak much falsly concerning it However it is a stone that will accelerate birth if applied to the things but retard it if bound above the stomack or carried betwixt the Paps there are four sortsof it which may be learned from Pliny The Jewish stone Lapis Judaicus which is named from its native soyl is white of an elegant form of the magnitude of an Acorn disterminated with lines so equally distant as if they had been artificially fabricated Brayed levigated and assumed it breaks the stones in the Reins and Bladder The Chrysolampe is pale on the day Chrysolapis but on the night splendent as fire it is had in Aethiopia but seldom brought to us Pliny and such as write of stones recenfeate innumerably more but they write of such as they never either knew or saw and they usurp many stones conjoyned by some affinity for one and the same and often constitute the same stone denoted by many names as multifarious for Pliny avers That the names of stones are almost innumerable There rest yet many stones of eximious vertue and high estimate but because they are desumed from Animals as Unions or Margarites the Bezaar-stone and the like we shall treat of them in our Book of Medicaments desumed from Animals or their parts CHAP. 11. Of certain Medicinal but not Precious-stones and first of Marble MArble is a most notorious hard kind of stone of which there are as many differences as places whence they are elicited the noblest are these the Pheugitical Parian Zeblical Porphyritical and Ophytical Marble all are approved or disapproved from their colour nitre perspicuity and durity That which is green or variegated and hard withal is fairest and best that also which is very candid and solid is commendable and such must be selected to the confection of the Citrian unguent The Pheugitical Marble shines most and represents Images Nero bunt a Temple of this stone to Fortune which shined so within that though the doors and windows were shut yet was it clearly perceptible The Parian is not all alike for some is very white which is very very frequent in Italy others cincritious some green others ferreous which last sort is so hard that some make Anvils of it The Zeblical is found in Misena This is the softest and is thought goed against Poyson which if so is the best of Marbles The Porphyritical Marble is most-what variegated with red spots it is brought out of Aegypt that which is beset with white spots is called Leucasticon whereof they make good and excellent 〈◊〉 and Modules The Ophytical or Serpentine-Marble is partly green partly variegated with many other colours like a Serpents skin whence it hath its name the most spots in the vulgar are pale with others very dissimilar Some Marbles are also nobilitated from some Men and some Regions as Luculus his Black Marble Augustus Tiberius his Marble also Aegyptian Theban Ephesian and Lacedemonian Marble Alabaster is a kinde of Marble so called from Alabastrum an Aegyptian City it is ordinarily white and perspicuous whereof Images are carved and vessels made to receive and keep unguents CHAP. 12. Of Chrystal CHrystal is not congealed water Chrystal quid as many think but a Mineral stone white pellucid and nitent like clear water consisting of an aqueous and pure humour not concreted by cold but as many say by the vertue of some divine calour neither is it made of ice though it be thence denominated and often sound in deep Snows but of an humour of its own for ice warmed by the fire melts easily but Christal hardly though encompassed round with fire and alwayes agitated with flames and wind Chrystal is also found under the earth amongst stones 〈…〉 hot Regions where this Chrystalline humour both from the â—â—versal cause and a certain terrestrial potency lapidifies no other then Amber and Coral which at first are humours also and afterwards concrete into a lapideous solidity not by cold but from the aptitude of the matter The most pure Usus pellucid and nitent Chrystal is best it is not onely fit for the making of Cups Vessels Bracelets and other elegant matters but its powder ingredes the Citrian unguent and is commended in dentifrices and other Medicaments inservient to Ornament CHAP. 13. Of Gypsum a kinde of Talkum or Lime GYpsum is known to all especially to the Lutetians whose Walls Houses and Palaces are generally cemented therewith whose suburbane Mynes are wholly of this Lime-stone whose cunicles contain not any flint or other stone Now this Gypsum is a white and nitent stone easily divisibleâ—â—to plates and fit for Structures Edifices and Walls Crude Gypsum is not usurped to the fabrick of houses but it is first burned till it become tabid white and easily pulverable then diluted with water which afterwards concretes to a stony hardness before it be hardened it is agitated with a Spade subacted and wrought so as it may be soft and sequacious more fit to agglutinate stones or compact other works It is best when newly cocted for if it be long kept it will be more humid and will not concrete so solidly There are two sorts hereof the one more common which is obscurely nitent the other more rare which is cloven into plates
and splendent like specular stone whence many call it Talkum but improperly for Talkum is more slender squamous white and lucid Some call it Selenite some juglers by their deceptive art make an oyl of Talkum to wash erugate and dealbate old Wives faces withall and so daily deceive silly women that will not indure deformity with their vain promises whilest warily yet not illicitely they put their hands into the womens Purses for it is no injury or deceit to beguile those that consent and are willing It hath an astringent faculty and is good against Ruptures Vires CHAP. 14. Of Chalk CHalk Lime and Gypsum are agglutinative stones used in compacting rich mens houses for poor mens cottages are emented onely with a little clay subacted Now Lime after it hath once drank water bears it not again but Chalk is nourished by water and longer and better preserved therewith When I name Chalk I mean that which is very white pulverable friable and by infusion in water inflammeable For crude Chalk is a hard ponderous stone that will neither dissolve nor wax white in water and is more properly called Chalk-stone In what parts Chalk is found there is no Lime and where Lime is found there is no Chalk that Chalk is best which touched with water makes a noise ignifies and is cineritious for age makes it whiter but more infirm for the air is got into it and its fire is abared Diâ—scorides sayes That Chalk may be made of the shells of Cockles Mussles or Oysters so long burnt till they be perfectly white An eximious Psylother may be made of quick Chalk and Auripigment which will easily depilate rough places This also with someother things will make good Pyroticks which will burn the part they are applied to Chalk often wasâ—ed with pluvial or fountain-water may usefully be mixed to such unguents as cure cadaverous Ulcers Chalk extinguished with water and twice or thrice washed if it be again cast into water makes that water very convenient for the Ulcers in the Privities and other running cadaverous and dangerous sores in other parts for by much washing it deposes its mordacity and ceases to be sharp but yet it callfies and siccates manifestly and ceases to be sharp but yet it califies and siccates manifestly and is therefore good to exsiccate Ulcers and induce scars CHAP. 15. Of stones found in Spunges SPunges by nature accede nearer to Plants then Animals for they have accrescion and augmentation but no fensation as many have credited Dioscorides makes some of them male which are full of smaller holes the hardness whereof they call He-goats and others female which have larger holes Aristotle makes four sons of Spunges some spisse which are softest others tenuious which are hardeft others most spisse and others most valid which they call Achilleous Spunges Those that grow on stones are harder those that grow on the tranquil marine tracts are softer But we know onely three sorts of Spunges the first with rare and patent holes which is softest and most vulgar in magnitude and form resembling a mans Liver the second perviated with lesser holes which is denser lesser and harder the third like Sea-spume which is most dense valid and cineritious they commonly call them all Sea-Mushromes Pliny saith Vires That stones either grow in Spunges or coming from other places fall in and are stabled there both sorts are well known for they are found in every Spunge but those that grow in the Spunge must be selected as being more apt to break the stone yet Galen is of opinion that this stone is not so valid as to break the stone in the bladder CHAP. 6. Of Bricks MEdicks do not onely from Gemmes and Stones but from broken and inveterate Bricks worn Shoe-soles and Clay seek remedies for the sick for nothing is â—oid of all qualities and nothing but used opportunely by a perite and approved Medick will profit There are many things which are efficacious while new but by age lose their qualities and vertue as common Medicaments others which are scarce Medicinal till they be old as Bricks which at first serve onely for structures but when old are very Medicinal and expetible as will appear from the Oyl extracted out of them for the cure of many diseases as we have shewed in our Shop SECT III. Of Metals THat is properly called a Metal which is of a Fossile body hard ductile with a hammer and liqueable with fire but as soon as it is melted it doth return into its pristine form The word is derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say to search because the Metallists are wont to search the Veins of the Earth for every Vein doth afford some Metal But concerning the matter of them there are divers Opinions Aristotle in his third Book of Meteors cap. ult doth constitute a double matter of all Metals which are found in the Earth viz. Halitus Vapor Of which all Fossiles are made in the bowels of the Earth Those things that are digged out of the Earth are either such that may be melted or not melted those that are incorporated with some humid matter are easily melted as Lead and Tin others are melted indeed but with more difficulty as Iron c. Matthiolus writes that to be an Elementary substance which is the efficient cause of Metal Scaliger Exercit. 20. saith That the substance of Metal is a watery Earth The Chymists appropriate it to Mercury and therefore call it the Sperm of the Earth or as some say the Sulphur which they alledge out of Albertus who saith That the first matter of Metals is a humid unctious and subtile Body which is incorporated with a subtile and terrestrial mixture Now there are as many Metals as Planets to wit Seven whose Names and Characters they appropriate to the Metals for they call Gold Sol Silver Luna Lead Saturn Tin Jupiter Iron Mars Copper Venus and Quicksilver Mercury which is not properly a Metal for it cannot be wrought nor is it malleable but after another manner that is in vertue it may be called a Metal But Scaliger Exercit. 106. reprehends this nomination of Metals and their affinity with the Planets and calls it foolish and ridiculous Neither is the Number of Metals to be comprehended in the number of Planets for not onely the Metals but many other Fossiles do strive to respond in Title and Character and that more properly to the Planets and Signs of the Zodiack as Aspalatum to Taurus Auripigmentum to Gemini Sal Ammoâ—iacum to Cancer Red Arsenick to Virgo Roman Vitriol to Libra Sulphâ—r to Scorpio Roch-Alome to Sagittary Scissile-Alome to Capricorn Sal Nitre to Aquary So that these three Arcana's as they call them are covered with many Aenigmatical Riddles not unlike so many madmen spewing out a thousand boastings which are more fit to be derided then confuted But we will hasten to our intended purpose and enter upon a definition of Sol
effusion of blood for Iron tincted with blood presently contracts rust There is a certain kinde of execrement which eructates out of Iron which they sometimes call its dross sometimes its scales sometimes its recrement and sometimes its dung but those are properly called Iron-scales which break from it while its beaten with hammers and that its recrement or dung which is clicited by â—gnition Many assert That Iron-rust will cure Ulcers Vires and that Telephus King of Mysia wounded by Achilles was thereby persanated for this as also its dross astringe and siccate whence they are mixed with Medicaments of a siccative faculty All Iron is roborative and thence some waters become Medicinal which the Normans call Forgenses borrowing eximious vertues from Iron CHAP. 8. Of the seventh Metal SOme say This seventh Metal is Mercury others Amber but neither of these are more then in a potency to be Metals but it seems rather to be Stibium which is more truly called a Metal which is another great Alchymistical Idol and the sole Empyrical Cathartick whereby they jactitate to cure all diseases but they too anxiously perturb some mens Ventricles by moving them both upward and downwards others they miserably torment by too vigorous purging some they kill and restore very few to sanity One Corn Gemma a Physician of Lovanium saith That a Paracelsian English Medick being himself and his wife detained by a Fever took himself and gave to his wife that they call prepared Antimony whereupon she fell quickly distracted and changed her life yet valid with death He complaining of dreams and continual watchings seven dayes after his dejection began to dote and roave from that he became Epileptical from his Epilepsie he fell into a Lethargie being therewithall somewhat Apoplectical when he had been detained three dayes in that sopour he fell again to his roaving and was so agitated with fury that not long after he expired and passed from his conjugal bed to his conjugal tomb Yet this Antimony is by some so artificially prepared Vires that being opportunely given it produces admirable effects for an eximious sudatory inferiour to none may be made of it Neither is that Powder contemptible which they call Flower of Stibium for if it be prepared by perite and exhibited by learned Artists it profits much Yet very good Medicks forbear to prepare or exhibit it because they have much better Medicaments whereby they may more securely cure any disease CHAP. 9. Of Ceruse AS Iron hath its rust Cerusa quid and Brass its verdegrease so hath Lead its Ceruse which some call the flower of Lead and others after Galen Psymmithion And although Ceruse erupt like Verdegrease by the benefit of Vinegar yet is not green but very white whence Painters to whom it is of much use call it White-lead and it is made after this or the like manner Sharp Vinegar is in the Summer-time infunded into a pot with a broad orifice a plate of Red-Lead is superimposed and the vessel so occluded as nothing can expire When the plate of Lead is taken off which is most commonly on the tenth day that crasser matter that falls to the bottom of the vessel is collected and siccated afterwards it is grinded with a Hand-mill and sifted then coacted into a Masse or Pastils with a little Vinegar and preserved It may also be made of Lead-dust immerged and resolved by the space of ten dayes in very sharp Vinegar It is sometimes also made of the same Plates infused and deraded and again macerated and deraded the same again and again reiterated till they be resolved then their rasure must be collected brayed sifted and coacted with Vinegar Painters do not onely seek after white Ceruse but women also to fucate their faces yet by its undue use the teeth become black and worm-eaten and the breath foetid The best is that they call Rhodiaca or that we now call Puteolis Ceruse baked in a new earthen pot upon burning coals will acquire by ustion a red colour and so become Sandix which is an artificial Vermilion and not Sandaracha as some think Before Ceruse ingrede the composition of Salves Unguents and Collyries it should be prepared that is washed that it may desiccate and astringe moderately without any mordacity and that in some fit liquor as in simple water or Rose-water thus Let a convenient quantity of Ceruse be taken and brayed in a stone-Morter with a wooden Pestel then let water be poured upon it then let it stand till the Ceruse be quiet in the bottom of the Morter then abject the water let more again be poured in agitate it then suffer it to reside and eject the water as before then again pour new water in and so let the work be iterated till the water poured in and agitated appear clear and pure without filth These duly performed let the Ceruse be laevigated on a red Marble stone then dryed and again brayed and then formed into Pastils with Rosewater and reposed for future uses Some bray it with Vinegar and subact it into a masse others with another liquor accommodated to their intentions Ceruse refrigerates siccates astringes extenuates expletes Vires represses excrescencies and perduces to a scar it cannot be assumed at the mouth without peril CHAP. 10. Of Cadmia both factitious and fossile CAdmia which the Arabians call Climia is either fossile and native which is the stone out of which Brass is drawn and is called Brass-Ore which Artificers use in making yellow Brass which the shop-men call Aurichalcum or Orichalcum or else it is factitious The native is often found in Metal-Mynes it is a yellow stone very hard appearing of two colours when it is not accended but all over luteous when accended and it is probable this is the stone which Albertus calls Didachos or the Devils-stone The rivulets and torrents of Cyprus sometimes afford such a stone which being of many colours some call it The Rainbow-gemme of which we have before spoken but indeed it is neither the Rainbow nor Didachos Factitious Cadmia is a dense body concreted of the smoke of Brass melted in a furnace driven by the wind and cleaving to the sides and roof of the furnace Galen saith it is no matter whether we call it an earth or a stone out of which some Brass some Cadmia and some Diphryges is drawn for the stone Pyrites burnt in 〈◊〉 furnace affords Cadmia There are five sorts of factitious Cadmia Vires the first is called Capnitis which is found in the very orifice of the furnace which is so exust and tenuious that it resembles Embers the second is called Ostraticls which for the most part is black and looks like a potsheard being more grave and therefore it delabes to the bottom of the furnace and it is the most sordid of all Galen calls it Spâ—dâ—s or Spodium the third and fourth are found in the middle of the furnace and they are called
Bowels recreates the stomack loaden with hot humours cures bilious Fevers and is good against poysons Mesue CHAP. 25. Syrupus Limonum Granat or Syrupe of Lemmons and Pomegranates â„ž the Juyce of Lemmons or Pomegranates depurated in the sun and trajected thorow a woollen strainer lb v. white sugar lb iij. boyl them gently to the consistency of a syrupe The COMMENTARY These two Syrupes are joyntly described because their Preparations are one the proportion of sugar to their succes the same and their faculties similar and affine Some coct the sugar to the consistence of a solid Electuary whereupon they affund their limpid succe agitate it with a Spatula and by gentle coction reduce it to a Syrupe And this preparation is good for thus the faculty of the succes is not obtunded by the fire but preserved whole and entire others elixate the succes to the consumption of their third part and thereupon affund a simple Julep and coct them into a Syrupe Some take the succes and dilute them in twice as much sugar and withall califie them together that they may better become a Syrupe and the Syrupe thus confected will keep best and hath a very idoneous consistence So the succes be acid enough it may also be made by insolation without fire by the addition of more sugar But the method prescribed is the easiest shortest and best way of making it and most in use Syrupe of Oranges and many other fruits may also be thus confected The syrupe of Lemmons asswages continual pestilent Vires and contagious Fevers and all diseases accompanied with great ardour it emends also the corruption of humours heart-ach and other heart-affections The syrupe of Pomegranates also recreates the heart â—â—cates putretude cures the diseases and vomitings of choler and stayes Belly-fluxes CHAP. 26. Syrupus Citoniorum simplex or The simple Syrupe of Quinces â„ž of the Juyce of Quinces lb x. boyl it till half be consumed let it stand two dayes to settle afterwards strain it and adde to it sugar lb iij. boyl it up into a syrupe The COMMENTARY The manner of confecting this syrupe is various for some adde Wine others Vinegar others both and many Aromata's and so make it a compound syrupe Some would have it more simple and make it without cocture purging its succe by residence and insolation then having clarified it with sugar percolate and coct it some dilute the sugar in water and coct it well and then adject the succe and elixate them a little into a syrupe others make it otherwise but the description we have given is most usual easie and best This syrupe roborates the ventricle stayes vomiting Vires represses belly-fluxes helps such as labour under the Dysentery Cholick bloody-flux immoderate flux of fluors or Haemorrhoids and stayes distillations falling from the head to the breast and inferiour parts CHAP. 27. Syrupus de Pomis simplex or the simple Syrupe of Apples â„ž of the Juyce of sweet-Apples the Juyce of sower-Apples of each lb v. boyl them till half be consumed then let it stand that it may settle afterwards strain it and with lb iij. of sugar make it into a syrupe The COMMENTARY Some to the confection of this syrupe select the succe of Redolent others of Russetins to whom I willingly assent though Rondeletius refragate who disproves the succe of Russetins upon very infirm grounds because their flesh is hard the succe of those they call Apples of Paradise is also very laudable Some immerge silk newly tincted with scarlet in the succe either before or after depuration till it be red and receive the vertue of the tincture and so become more excellent others put Orange-juyce to it but the description tradited is best according to Mesue Such Apples must be selected as are not onely fragrant with their suavity to recreate the heart but also subacid to exhilarate the parts appertaining to the hearts Oeconomy arceate putretude and contemperate Melancholical humours This syrupe of Apple-juyce incides and diminishes Melancholical humours Vires moves sudour abates the hearts palpitation helps its trembling and debility and according to Mesue prohibits swounding so that it is of perpetual use CHAP. 28. Syrupus Regis Saboris or King Sabor's syrupe D. Mes â„ž of the Juyce of sweet-smelling Apples lb iij. the clarified Juyce of Bugloss and Borage Let the Saffron be hung in a Nodule whilest the syrupe is a boyling of each lb ij the Leaves of Senna picked from its stalksÊ’ iiij Amseed â„¥ ss SaffronÊ’ ij sugar lb iiij boyl these according to Art to the consistency of a syrupe The COMMENTARY No Pharmacopoly should be without this eximious syrupe to whose confection Senny must first be a little brayed then macerated a whole natural day with Anise in the succes described afterwards once or twice fervefied and strained the expression strained and clarified must be cocted into a syrupe Saffron bound in a linen cloth may be cocted in it it took its name from Sabor King of the Medes for the conservation of whose sanity it was invented and instituted It recreates the vital spirits Vires exhilarates the mind contemperates and purges melancholick humours attenuates crass and viscid humours discusses flatuosity gently subduces the belly and purifies the blood CHAP. 29. Syrupus Myrtinus comp or the compound Syrupe of Myrtle â„ž of the berries of the Myrtle-tree â„¥ ij ss white Sanders * * * Rhois Culinariae red Sumach Pomgranate flowers Berberies red Roses of each â„¥ j. ss Medlars lb ss let these be bruised and boyled in lb viij of water till it come to lb iiij adde thereunto of the Juyce of Quinces and Pomgranates of each lb ij Sugar lb v. boyl it to a syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe holds its old composition wherein many astrictives are mixed together to supply the defect of Myrtle-berries which are very rare whereof if there were any plenty it were better to make the syrupe onely of their succe and Sugar Valerius Cordus mixes it with the succe of wild Apples Fernelius of acid Pomegranates which I like not It roborates the ventricle and bowels Vires abates the antiquate belly-flux prohibits the eruption of blood and the deflux of all humours from the head to the inferiour parts CHAP. 30. Syrupus Menthae simp comp or the simple and compound Syrupe of Mint D. Mes â„ž of the Juyces of Mint clarified sweet Pomegranates and sowre of each lb j. Sugar and Honey as much as will make it into a syrupe The Compound is thus made â„ž of the Juyces of sweet and dulcoacid Quinces of acid and dulcoacid Pomegranates of each lb j. ss Muzorum Acido-dulcium macerate in these for 24 hours dried Mint lb j. ss red Roses â„¥ ij boyl them till half be consumed to the Colature adde lb ij of sugar and in the boyling hang in a ragÊ’ ij of Gallia Moschata The COMMENTARY These syrupes by the consent of the Author may
from their crudity These condited are of great potency to arceate and cure the Epilepsie if they be moderately taken in the morning fasting and at the hour of sleep CHAP. 12. Radices Eryngiorum conditae or The condited Roots of Sâ—â—-holly â„ž of the Roots of Sea-holly cut sloping and purged from its inward pith lb j. boyl them in water till they become soft dry them in a shade Sic Radices Buglossi condiuntur then let Sugar be dissolved in the same decoction and boyled to the spissitude of an Electuary to which adde the Roots and again gently cocted that their aqueous humidity may be dissipated 〈◊〉 epose them afterward 〈◊〉 Gally pot and preserved The COMMENTARY The Roots of Sea-holly being sweet needs undergo but one materation before conditure and then be cocted in the same water â—ill they be soft then condited with Sugar as the form shews Mesue addes some Aromata's as Cinamon and Ginger wherewith be would have the Roots stuck and he boyls them with a portion of Honey and Sugar or else Honey onely thrice the quantity of the Roots But the form I have exhibited is more usual and better We everywhere in the Aarabian writings meet with Secacul which is hitherto taken for Sea-holly But its description given by Avicenna and Serapio shew that it is another Plant dissimilar in face if not faculties It grows in India and is there condited and is kept and given for venereous matters as also our Sea-holly which some do perperously call Secacul though their vertues be afâ—â—â—e for both of them are â—or and moist in the end of the first and beginning of the second degree They move Venery Therefore they do right who for defect of the Indian Secacul substiture our Sea-holly and let such cease to be angry at this substitution who must have something of that nature and cannot get the true Secacul Sea-holly is of the kinde of aculeated Plants whose leaves are tender not spinous and rigid and fit for cibaries Dioscorides saith they are broad asperated about their ambient aromatical to the gust and when perfectly grown aculeated with many horrid spines Its heads also are circumvalled with aoute spines its roots long black without white within tender sweet and grateful to the gust It is more largely described in our first Book of Medicinal Matter It s Root condited noâ—â—shes augments seed Vires excites venery moves urine and expels the sand of the Reins and Bladder CHAP. 13. Radices Symphiti condita or The condite Roots of Comfrey â„ž of the roots of the greater Comfrer slieed lb j. macerate and boyl them in a sufficent quantity of water till they become soft dry them in a shade for a whole day Let them Sugar be put to the decoction and boyled to the 〈◊〉 situde of an Electuary to which adde the roots and again let them be boyled till the aqueous superfluity be evaporated and when they begin to be condited repose them in a vessel for use The COMMENTARY The roots of Comfrey as also many other which by cocture become easily soft are rightly condited after this prescript yet some had rather prepare and condite them thus First they coct the washed and cleansed roots then they bray them then they transmit thâ—â— through a fieve then put twice their quantity of Sugar to them and coct them to the consistence of an Electuary then they recalifie them and recond the conditure in Boxes And thus they do with all other crasser roots for thâ—â— they may be better pâ—rged from their fibres and more perfectly confected in every part They stay the running of blood from any part Vires cohibit the delapse of homours and agglutinate wounds in the internals CHAP. 14. Radices Enâ—â—â— conditae or The condited roots of Enâ—â—a-campane â„ž of the roots of Enâ—â—a-campane washed purged and sliced lb ij infuse them in warm water for the space of four dayes the water being daily changed then boyl them till they grow tender then dry them in a shade afterwards take the like weight of Sâ—gar which dissolve in the aforesaid decoction and boyl it up to the consistency of an Electuary then adde the aforesaid roots and coct them together gently which afterwards repose in boxes The COMMENTARY The roots of Enula must be macerated more or less as their insuavity requires and if it may be emended by two or three macerations they need no longer immersion lest their whole vertue be deposed in the water They roborate the stomack Viret recreate the heart discuss flaâ—â—lenty help concoction resist poysons and pestiâ—ent viâ—ulâ—â—â— diseases CHAP. 15. Radices Satyrii conditae or The condite roots of Satyrion â„ž of Satyrion roots washed and picked lb j. boyl them in water till they become tender then let them be dryed in the shade covering them with a cloth when they are dryed ningle them with the like preportion of Sugar dissolved in the abovesaid decoction and â—oyled to a good consistence which coct a little that the humidity of the water may be dissipated The COMMENTARY The whole roots of Satyrion should be condited for their mole hinders not but that sugar may pervade their whole substance We have adjoyned no Aromata's that they may be more safely exhibited to such as labour under Hectick Fevers they are indued with like faculties with Diasatyrium but more imbecilely as we shall shew in its due place Many other roots are condited after the same manner with these which for brevities sake I omit We have no fresh Ginger but it comes all condited to us from Bengala a countrey in India SECT VIII Of Eclegms that must be preserved in Pharmacopolies EClegms do by good right challenge place amongst the Preparative Medicaments for they prepare the humours contained in the breast for expulsion by vomit or impact them into another place for eduction by stool For seeing they are either acid or sweet they incide viscid humours and make them easie to be separated from the parts whereunto they adhere The sweet ones concoct the same and make them sit for exclusion by spittle If they be of a mixt sapour and dulcoacid they both attenuate and concoct But thâ—se that the Ancients kept in their Shops are now almost out of use And now when some prave affection of the highest region of the Breast or Asper Artery requires a Lohoch or Eclegm they are quickly made for present use being both for vertue and sapour at the best So that the Ancients Eclegms as they are less grateful so they seem to be less useful Yet lest our Shop should be quite void of them we shall select a few of more easie confecture and particular use As CHAP. 1. Eclegma Scilliticum or Eclegm of Squills D. Mes â„ž of the Juyce of Squills Honey despumed of each lb ij boyl them together according to Art to the consistency of Honey The COMMENTARY This Eclegm is most easie to confect and most simple consisting onely of the
auxiliary for the Hypochondriacal who as yet have been either overlooked or taken for desperate This Medicament is concinnated for the affections of the Hypochondriacal Histerical Melancholical and such as venery hath proclaimed French-men It is named Dialalzemer from Senny its Basis which the Arabians call Albazemer then which no Medicament is more melanagogous nor purge more tolerable This we mix partly in Powder partly in infusion with such things as discuss flatulency attenuate humours remove infarctures roborate the spleen liver and bowels recreate the faculties respect the Uterus obtund some malign quality and securely propel humours long since congested not onely melancholical and contumacious ones but viscid and pituitous also which sometimes put on the habit of Melancholly and some adust bilious humours and therefore we adde Rhabarb and Turbith that we may with the Melancholical Captain-humour educe the Pituitous his companion inseparable and also the Bilious which is pedissequous And because this Medicament most respects melancholy we have selected black Hellebore for this black humour rejecting the white as more convenient for Phlegm The manner of its preparation is easie and sufficiently demonstrated in the description But before all be congested into the composition the Azure-stone calls for some preparation as thus A sufficient quantity thereof must be taken brayed in a Metalline Morter washed with common water dryed in the Sun or hot ashes then again washed and dryed and so again and again till the water remain limpid then must it be dryed and that not ten but if need be twenty times then let it be washed four five or more times in cordial waters then let it be dryed and kept for use For thus its malign quality perishes and its purgative evades conqueror In the confection of Alkermes it is burnt and its purgative faculty exhaled its cordial onely then remaining whereof there is use Diabalzemer doth miraculoussy help the Splenical Vires Melancholical Hypochondriacal Maniacal Epileptical Histerical and Elephantical This frees Widows from their foetid colours for want of concourse and venereous Indians from their scarlet Noses contracted by contract CHAP. 12. Hydragogum Eximium ℞ of the roots of Orris Reed Grass the barks of the roots of Capers Asarabacca Caraway of eachʒ vj. Pimpinel * * * Polytricus Maiden-hair Egrimony Ceterach Mugwort of each m.j. of the flowers of the Peach-tree m. ss Boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water In the Colature infuse and boyl a little of the leaves of Senny ℥ ij of the seeds of Carret ℥ ij boyl the decoction till it comes to a pinte to which adde Juyce of Damask-Roses lb ss Sugar lb ss Honey despumed in the decoction ℥ x. boyl them to a Syrupe to which adde these following powders Manna ℥ ij Turbith * * * Esula Milkwort prepared of each ℥ j. ss Gingerʒ j. Water-flag Calamus Aromaticus of eachʒ j. Mechoacan ℥ ij the seeds of Dwarf-eldern ℥ ss and of Sea-Colewortsʒ iij. Cinamonʒ ij make it up into an Electuary The COMMENTARY Many descriptions we have which smell more of confusion then composition whose effects shew their brangling Authors and therefore we reject many liquid Electuaries as either unaccommodated for cure by their ill composure or obsolete for want of custome picking out such as are better described and more approved by their sanative effects As besides the two former which we have added this also which for its excellence is called The eximious Hydragogal Electuary which we desire may be alwayes in Pharmacopolies that it may be ready to open the sluce when the river is stopped and the banks almost over-run lest the hydroptical be without praesidy and drown his vitals in his watty Belly And because we would have this Medicament perfect we have added such things as will emend the distemper remove the obstructions and roborate the whole of the Spleen and Liver from which the hydroptical get much of his evil We have also added some to discuss flatuosity and awaken the native calour Besides many more which duly prepared become hydragogous The form demonstrates the manner of their preparation This may be safely given to such as labour under the Dropsie Vires for it educes watry humours without violence and is a most accommodate Purgative for all diseases arising from thence The Parisian common people used to flock to a woman-Pharmacopolist who gave them a certain Powder to purge the hydroptical of their watry and serous humours but few or none recovered SECT II. Of Hierae SOme Purgative Compounds were for their excellent effects by the Greeks called Hierae that is Holy and Great for they are indued with great vertues and cure great diseases but they are most vulgarly denominated from some famous Author as CHAP. 1. Hiera Picra seu Dialoe Galeni lb of Cinamon Mace Asarum Spikenard Saffron Mastick Squinant of eachʒ vj. Aloes not washedʒ 100. or lb j. and ℥ ss the best Honey despumed the treble quantity or lb iiij make it into an Electuary The COMMENTARY This Hiera is by Galen its Author called Picra that is amare because of the Aloes which is its Basis from which it mutuates its Purgative faculty We retain the old composition save that in stead of Xylobalsum which is scarce to be had we by Fernelius his advice substitute Mace and for the flowers of the sweet Rush which are not brought to us the Rush it self and so we keep to the quantity which Galen or rather Andromachus prescribed to be mixed with the Aloes This Hiera Picra was most usual at Rome besides other two which Galen sometimes used in which he detracted changed or at pleasure added what exigence called for But now they are obsolete But this yet remains entire except it be for the wood of Balm which some take out and substitute nothing others the surcles of Lentisks and others the fruit of Balm which is equally rare therefore no good substitute But Mace or Sweet-cane may well succeed in its room and the Hiera no whit less efficacious Galen is perhibited its Author rather because he celebrated it then invented it It is easie to make the Mastick Aloes and Saffron must first be brayed a part then the rest and afterwards the ingredients must all be mixed in despumed honey that they may acquire the spissitude of an Electuary It califies incides attenuates dryes deterges Vires removes obstructions expurges bilious pituitous crass and viscid humours it conduces miraculously helps the affections of the Ventricle Mesentery Liver Head and Junctures to each ounce of the compound put ℈ ij and g. i. ss and of the Powder of the rest g.xv. CHAP. 2. Hiera Picra with Agarick ℞ of the species of Hierae without Aloes Agarick trochiscated of each ℥ ss Aloes not washed ℥ j. Honey despumed a treble quantity or ℥ vj. make it into an Electuary according to Art The COMMENTARY This Hierae consists of two benign purgative Medicaments the one Aloes
matter And because Pills sine quibus are of efficacy enough for the affections of the eyes we have omitted the ancient description of the Imperials of the five kinds of Myrobalambs of the eight Ingredients and the Arabians Pills because the agregative are better and usefull for all such things as the aforesaid are prescribed for We have neglected the Indian Pills and them of the stone Armentum because them of the Azure-stone are affine to them and more efficacious We weigh not the Pills of Rhabarb because ignave but give them of Egrimony as more efficacious with whom they have affinity Pills of Hermodactyls exclude the arthretical Pills and the foetid Pills exclude those that are denominated from Sagapene Euphorbium and Sarcocolla Pills of Mechoacan make them void which consists of Esula and Mezereon Benedict Pills and Hiera may be made at any time seeing powders are or should be alwayes in readiness in shops whereof either Electuaries or Pills may be confected at pleasure Pills of Bdellium are quite neglected because they are scarce purgative in stead other better and more roborative Medicaments easier to be made may be confected for present use I pretermit many more as unworthy to be named or used for many men describe many Medicaments not so much that they consult others sanity as the augmenting of their Dispensatories grand bulk Cathartical Powders being ingrateful are usually coagmented into liquid or solid Electuaries or else Pills yet Empiricks give the powder of Stibium onely in a little Wine or other liquor as also the powder of Mercury wherewith a veneficous Circulator at Lutetia promised the cure of all diseases openly professing himself a Prophet but the wretch went about many Cities to see whom he might devour he is not worthy to be named At last he ran away All prepare not Quicksilver or Mercury alike for some include it with Aqua fortis in a Matracy and exhale the water by sublimation calling that which remains in the bottom Powder of Mercury It is of a yellowish red colour and rather caustical then cathartical Others prepare it otherwise but better thus They immerge Quicksilver in Aqua fortis whereinto they inject Brine then they let the Quicksilver reside and the water is ejected by inclination and the crassament that remains which is whitish is called Powder of Mercury But in what proportion it should be mixed how it may be perfectly dealbated and with what vertue it is indued I need not recenseate lest Empiricks and Pseudopharmacopoeans abuse it but if it be made as P. Pijardus a learned Parisian Medick taught its vertues are eximious and efficacious in curing some Diseases which will not yield to vulgar Medicaments An APPENDIX Of some Pills not Solutive EAch Medicament is by singular dexterity and ingenuity effinged into a form proper for the diseased Thus some Purgatives are liquid others solid and others in a mean some Medicaments onely purge others onely roborate and others alter and some perform all but Pills are for the most part purgative for all of them except a few subduce the Belly and are exhibited especially when supervacaneous succes are to be educed from remote parts for in such a form and consistence they abide longer in the ventricle and their vertue is more easily carried to the parts diseased and oppressed with excrementitious humours When therefore we would have a Medicament stay longer in the ventricle we give it in a solid form and such are not onely the prescribed purgative Pills but the Hypnotical and Arterial ones that follow CHAP. 22. Pilulae de Cynoglosso or Pills of Dogs-tongue â„ž of MyrrheÊ’ vj. OlibanumÊ’ v. the root of Hounds-tongue Henbane-seed Opium of eachÊ’ iij. Saffron Castoreum of eachÊ’ j. ss and with Syrupe of Stoechados make it up into a mass which let be conveniently reposed for use The COMMENTARY The Neotericks have retained the old description but not the name of these Pills for Mesue their Author calls them from their effect Pills for all diseases but these call them Pills of Cynogloss which is neither for quantity nor quality prepollent therein perhaps they mistake Cynogloss for Arnogloss which might more properly give them denomination for seeing Mesue described them for astriction Arnogloss being of an astrictive quality was more convenient but we with Fernelius admit of the new name and adde Castorium for the castigation of Opium But we think that Rhodostagm or Rose-water is altogether inconvenient for the receipt of the powders if we would have the mass of a legitimate consistence or fit to be kept and we substitute in its stead Syrupe of Stcechados by whose quality the head will be roborated and armed against the nocuments of Opium and by its lentour the powders will be coacted into a more idoneous mass as for its confection the root of Cynogloss must first be brayed with the seed of Henbane and then the other simples apart the brayed Opium must be first subacted by the Syrupe then the other powders must be mixed and coacted into a mass They conciliate sleep stay Catarrhs distillations of the head Vires the Cough and such succedent affections for they cohibit all distillations whether upon the Breast and Lungs or Teeth or elswhere CHAP. 23. Of Laudanum NOt many years ago there arose a company of Pseudo-Medicks who in stead of the usual Pills of Cynogloss exhibited a certain confection which they called Laudanum whereby they promised not onely to conciliate sleep but abigate all diseases I then saw a Circulator who boasted by his Laudanum to revoke men almost exanimated or half dead and man the Encomium of this Medicine so won upon men that no Empirick so stupid no Medicaster so dull nor Tonsor so plebeious but he was a Laudanister or else not worth flaming I wooed some with prayers some with price to tell me this Medicament but found amongst twenty of its descriptions not one like another yea he that was most ignorant would profess he had the best But I heard some Mountebanks exhibit Pills of Cynogloss for Laudanum extorting for each Pill the weight of half a scruple in gold And thus were the credulous Plebeians drawn with new names and unusual words circumvented by the subtilty of these rafrous Juglers The descriptions of Laudanum given by more perite Alchymists are seldome and hardly made for they consist of the best of Gems Hyacinths and Corals of the essence of Saffron and Opium of the Oyls of Cinamon Cloves Liquor of Margarites Powder of Unicorns-horn of the Bezar-stone Amber-grise and other precious stones and doubtless a confection of these materials must needs be eximious and I approve of the learned rich Alchymists acts who make keep and exhibit this to the diseased but alas the improbous do so impose upon us that we can scarce give the honest and good I saw a certain Laudanum exhibited by a learned Princely Medick which wrought happy effects This sequel one is eximious and easie to be made â„ž of
white-wine lb ss good Oyl lb j. ss mingle them and insolate them for seven dayes afterwards put them in a bath till the wine be evaporated and the expressed Oyl keep The COMMENTARY This Oyl should be made about the beginning of Autumn we call it Myreol or Unguent of Pigment because both the Plants whereof it consists are called by the French Pigmentum as if they should say Pigment and by some Ambrosia for by the fragrance of its halite it exhilarates and by its aromatical lentour inviscates the fingers of the contrectants When Don Claudius Gonerius a man of much learning and integrity of whom we have oft made mention in our Books of Medicinal Matter had accurately sought into the nature of these Plants whose diligence in finding the varieties and faculties of Simples hath been very great He was moved that Medicks should not celebrate and usurp such eximious Plants which Nature it self had designed excellent by their odour sapour and pinguetude But it may be these Plants are contemptible because of their frequency the herb indeed grows most commonly in cultivated Gardens but the shrub fruticates spontaneously in all places about Paris much whereof in the beginning of September is brought into the City and bought by women to conciliate fragrance and suavity to their vestments When I had long explored their faculties and found them efficacious I made this Oyl of them which responds in faculties to many Balsams for it conduces much to the Palsey Vires trembling and imbecility of the Nerves it cures the cold dolours of the articles digests watry humours takes away dolours sprung from phlegm cocts and resolves crude tumours roborates the Brain and Nerves and with a little Turpentine draws dysepulotical Ulcers to sanity SECT II. Of such Oyls as may be confected at any time IN the former Section of this Book we have comprehended all Oyls more usual and necessary for Pharmacopolists which should be made in the Spring Summer or Autumn by infusion those seasons suppeditating fresh and eximious Medicaments in great plenty Now it rests that we describe such as Art may elicite at any time CHAP. 1. Oleum Mastichinum or Oyl of Mastick D. Mes â„ž Mastick â„¥ iij. Oyl of Roses â„¥ xij generous Wine â„¥ iiij boyl them till the consumption of the wine then strain it and let the Oyl be reposed in a pot for use The COMMENTARY Mesue gives two descriptions of the Oyl of Mastick one consisting of the Oyl of Sesamum and Mastick the other of Wine Mastick and the Oyl of Roses which is frequently used Praepositus propounds a third which all reject Myrepsus besides the former gives two other scarce at all used This description then that we give out of Avicenna and Mesue is solely admitted for whose confection the Mastick must be tunded pretty crassly then cocted and agitated in a double vessel together with Oyl of Roses and red VVine till the VVine be exhaled It roborates the brain Vires nerves ventricle liver and articles it mollifies hard tumours and allayes dolours CHAP. 2. Oleum Nardinum simplex or Simple Oyl of Spikenard D. Mes â„ž Spikenard â„¥ iij. Wine and Water of each â„¥ ij ss Oyl of the Pulse Sesamum lb j. ss boyl them upon a gentle fire till the water be consumed stirring of them lest they burn The COMMENTARY Mesue is too much occupied in varying the same Oyl for he gives four sorts of the Oyl of Roses three of Spikenard amongst which those onely that are first described are usurped the rest seldome or never as other two which Myrepsus gives so sumptuous that they rather seem Balsams or Unguents then Oyls For the confection of this simple Oyl of Spikenard in defect of Oyl of Sesamum sweet Oyl may be substituted without much errour for Mesue sometimes prescribes that of Sesamum or sweet Oyl at pleasure The Spikenard must be minutely cut and macerated three or four hours in a glass or fictile pot in Wine Water and Oyl then all cocted till the water and wine be dissipated Some macerate it onely in water and wine for a whole day but so its faculties are worsted they had better infuse it for a short space in Oyl water and wine calefied a little upon the ashes Now half a pound of Oyl seeming too little for three ounces of Spikenard much whereof is very light the Roman Medicks have added to it a pound more so that it is lb j. ss This Oyl is called Benedict for its eximious vertues it calefies Vires attenuates digests and astringes moderately and thence conduces much to all cold flatulent affections of the Brain Ventricle Liver Spleen and Uterus and emends the odour and colour of the body CHAP. 3. Oleum Croci or Oyl of Saffron D. Mes â„ž of Saffron Calamus Aromaticus of each â„¥ j. Myrrhe â„¥ ss macerate them five dayes in Vinegar Cordumeni i. Carui in ejus loco Cardamomi then infuse for a whole day Cardamomes Ê’ ix afterwards boyl them upon a gentle fire till the Vinegar be consumed with lb j. ss of the best Oyl let the Colature be put in a fit vessel The COMMENTARY There is scarce a disease more frequent then the Neapolitan or a Medicament more usual to it then the Emplaister of Frogs described by Jo. Vigonius for there is not an Oppidane Barber so stupid but he hath made both tryal and gain of this Medicament to whose confection Oyl of Saffron acceding it should be kept in Pharmacopolies otherwise the Medicament will be ill confected yet I think Mesue invented it not for that end for it is credible he never heard of the Venereous Pox else he would not have been silent in that point but he made it to roborate the Uterus and Nerves allay their dolours mollifie and discuss hardness and conciliate colour What Cordumeni is we have shewed in our Book of Simples CHAP. 4. Oleum de Capparibus or Oyl of Capers â„ž of the bark of the roots of CapersÊ’ j. the middle bark of Tamarisk Tamarisk-leaves the seeds of white Willow Spleen-wort Cypress-root of eachÊ’ ij RueÊ’ j. Vinegar generous White-wine of each â„¥ ij mature Oyl lb j. boyl them till the Vinegar and the Wine be consumed and let percolated Oyl be reposed idoneously for future use The COMMENTARY The invention of this Oyl is attributed to the Neotericks for none of the Ancients that I know of speak of it It s Author is uncertain but whoever he was he described this Oyl which is eximiously Medicinal both legitimately and methodically Which is therefore alwayes almost made after the description we have exhibited save by Brassavolus who studying novelties changed it who I think is one of them that had rather be seen then estimated But that it may be duly confected the roots of Cypress must first be minutely incided then brayed with the barks of Capers and Tamarisks the other simples also as Tamarisks Scolopendrium or Ceterach and Rue
dry or moist the dry distillation is made in a furnace sometimes by the intervent of Coals sometimes of Sand and sometimes of hot ashes the humid is made in St. Maries Bath Now there are as many varieties of Baths and Furnaces as there are different wayes of distillation so that they can scarce be complected But now we shall briefly explicate how the most usual Oyls are elicited CHAP. 7. Oleum de Lateribus or Oyl of Bricks LEt inveterate Bricks broken into small pieces be burned on accended coals till they be red-hot then inject and dimit them into clear and old Oyl till they be filled therewith then beat them into powder and put the powder in a vitreous Cucurbite on which impose a rostrated Alembick and place it in a furnace duly structed accend the fire underneath it and keep the Oyl that flows from it The Bricks that are made of old earth should be selected as best which should be broken into crasser pieces of the weight of Ê’ vj. or â„¥ j. which after ignition must be extinguished in clear antique Oyl or Oyl of Rosemary if it may be spared and pulverated very small then injected into a vitreous Cucurbite well adapted to the furnace and bedaubed with clay that the powder may therein calefie by the fire under it and exude this Oyl which is diversly denominated for some Medicks call it rightly Oyl of Bricks others improperly Artificial Petreol in opposition to the Natural which distils spontaneously out of Rocks others by a more special Nomenclature call it The Holy Divine and Blessed Oyl The Alchymists do more arrogantly call it The Oyl of Magisteries and the Philosophers Oyl whom therefore Sylvius derides because they onely call themselves Philosophers in their daily speech and writings affirming themselves the sole Philosophers seeking that nominally which they cannot attain really This Oyl extenuates penetrates digests Vires and absumes all excrementitious matter conduces to the cold affections of the Spleen Reins Bladder Nerves Uterus and Articles it cures also the Lethargie Palsey and Epilepsie It is hot in the third degree and by so much more efficacious by how much more antique CHAP. 8. Oleum Vitrioliâ— or Oyl of Vitriol TEn or twelve pounds of Vitriol may be injected into a vitreous vessel obduced with clay and set on the fire till its phlegm be extilled then it should be taken off and brayed and purged from its phlegm which should be again iterated till no phlegm would emanate but the spirits leap out then should it be taken off the fire and its red calx taken pulverated and imposed in a crooked or rather straight Cucurbite whereunto an ample Recipient should be adapted and diligently conjoyned with clay and the Oyl distilled by a luculent fire continuing both night and day when all is cold the whole Liquor exempted and imposed in a vitreous vial first the insipid water then the acid which they call Oyl may be segregated from the sediment If this Oyl be often imbrued in its phlegm or the circulation of the spirit of wine it will be sweet for Alchymists mix an equal quantity of this and this Oyl then they digest and evoke them out of a singular Vial till the Alome being separated from the Sulphur of the Chalcantum the Oyl remain sweet Vitriol affords many several Medicinal Remedies as Spirits Oyl both acid and sweet Salt Colchotar and a certain thing the Chymists call Balsam The Spirit of Vitriol differs from its Oyl in its preparation tenuity and active vertue for it is the more subtile liquor of Vitriol or that I may speak in their own language the quintessence thereof which is made after many manners as thus The Vitriol is agitated very much with the vehement heat of the fire within its straight Vial so that that which distils upon the pulverated earth which they call Colchotar is alwayes resunded and at length by the vehemency of the fire propelled through the crooked glass and this is the most efficacious Spirit Some distil water and Oyl together out of the best Vitriol which are crasser Spirits which they purge from their dregs till they be attenuated into subtiler Spirits But they are better elicited while they are driven through a new Alembick by affunding the extillatitious liquor alwayes upon the dead head and then circulating it a whole week The common Oyl of Vitriol is educed after this vulgar manner A certain quantity of natural and good Cyprian Vitriol is taken calcinated in a vessel of Copper till it be quite red and its phlegm dissipated then it is brayed and included in a Cucurbite obduced with clay irrigated with Aqua-vitae and so left for a day then it is collocated and setled in a furnace duly structed and at first a modorate then a vehement fire accended under it that all its liquor may extil which after refrigeration is put in a small Cucurbite coarctated with a capitel and so its aqueous liquor stills in S. Maries Bath and its pure Oyl remains in the bottome of the vessel which is again put into another Cucurbite circumcinged with accended fire that it may be better and more throughly purged It s colour is more or less red or white as its efficacy and calour is more or less moderate â„¥ iij. of Oyl may be elicited out of lb j. of rubefied Vitriol All the qualities of the Oyl of Vitriol are so intense Vires that it cannot be assumed alone but mixed with some water decoction or fit conserve and though it be exceeding hot yet a few drops thereof mixed with much water become acid and both grateful and useful to the Feverish It penetrates by its tenuity carries the water to remote parts removes obstructions arceates putretude recreates the bowels and conduces much to the Pestilence Epilepsie Palsey and Strangury It doth not infect the simple decoction of Roses but the Syrupe of Violets with a purpureous and elegant acid sapour for a few drops thereof cast into an ounce of the said Syrupe will make it from violaceous purpureous CHAP. 9. Oleum Sulphuris or Oyl of Sulphur LEt a broad dish be so supposited to a suspended Campana that their brims may be distant about three fingers and let a vessel containing Sulphur which hath not yet suffered fire be put in the bottome of the dish and accended and agitated with a red-hot Iron when that is absumed let more be set on and ignited as before that out of its copious vapour erected into the Campana a concrete oleous liquor may delabe into the dish Some take an equal quantity of Sulphur and Pumice or Flint-stone brayed and putting the mixture into a crooked Cucurbite adhibit it to a moderate fire and educe most excellent Oyl thence Oyl of Sulphur is educed many more wayes for some adde Spirit of VVine to pulverated Sulphur and accend them when the water is absumed they bray the Sulphur and mix sand with it including them in a Vial and eliciting Oyl by
Dispensatories afford no eximious Mundificative responsible to Chirurgeons mindes in deterging Ulcers we have for their sakes concinnated this rhyptical or extersive Medicament indued with such faculties as Galen requires Reason calls for and Use approves of to that end For seeing such a Medicament should by the tenuity of its substance and its exsiccative faculty exterge the Ulcer and separate the filth from the part whereunto it is adhibited one that is emplastical and viscid aggesting and cohibiting the excrements and filth within the Ulcer is much distant from such But the vulgar Mundificatives being for the most part made of Sarcocolla Frankincense and Mastick and sometimes of Rosine Comfrey and House-leek are so farre from cleansing Ulcers that they much defile them Let then this our rhyptical Unguent which will effect what it pollicitates be kept in shops and the rest ejected It receives burnt River-crabfishes which are eximious in exterging and exsiccating The River-crabfishes should be selected but in defect thereof Sea-crabs may be assumed They must be burned on a red-hot Platter till they may be easily levigated their powder must be mixed with the powders of the other simples brayed apart then must all be incorporated agitated and united into an Unguent of just crassitude It absumes the watry Vires separates the crasser and exterges all humours from the Ulcer yet such as are conspurcated with crasser corruption and cadaverous flesh require a more valid and catharetical Detersive However this by a peculiar and eximious faculty cures wounds inflicted by mad Dogs extinguishes their virulency by a specifical propriety and exterging siccating and absuming their infected humours CHAP. 16. Unguentum Aureum or The golden Unguent D. Mes ℞ of Oyl lb ij yellow Wax lb ss clear Turpentine ℥ ij Rosine clarified Rosine of each ℥ j. ss Olibanum Mastick of each ℥ j. Saffronʒ j. make it into an Unguent according to Art The COMMENTARY This Unguent is called Aureous from its colour and Regal from its vertue for it is flave as Gold and so eximious as it is fit for a Prince it is scarce ever exhibited without success and yet so easie to make that the youngest Apprentice cannot erre therein They act perperously who for Parsimonies sake abstract Saffron and Mastick from it for so they rob it of its aureous colour and regal vertue If rightly made it agglutinates wounds with sanity fills hollow and cleansed Ulcers with flesh mitigates dolour if there be any and quickly perduces them to scars The Fusk Unguent which is made of a pound and an half of Oyl four ounces of new wax black Pitch and Sagapene of each two ounces Mastick Galbanum Frankincense and Turpentine of each one ounce is indued with the same or like faculties for both are sarcotical filling Ulcers with flesh and perducing them to sanity CHAP. 17. Unguentum Enulatum cum Mercurio or The Oyntment of Enula with Mercury ℞ of the root of Enula boyled in Vinegar and pulped lb j. Hogs-suet ℥ iij. new Wax ℥ j. Quicksilver killed clear Turpentine of each ℥ ij common Salt ℥ ss make it into an Unguent of a just consistence The COMMENTARY Praepositus discerpted this description from Myrepsus who hath such an Unguent in the end of his third Section who that he might seem the first Author added Oyl Wax Salt and Turpentine and made it more efficacious yet before this adjection Myrepsus because of its admirable faculties called it The wonderful Unguent Pharmacopolists make it most usually after the greater description as more secure then the simple one though both of them are averse to Nature because of the Quicksilver yet its extinction by spittle or the succe of Lemmons may excuss all fear from their mindes Moreover Turpentine and Swines-grease are added thereto which would obscure its ferity if any remained Some put Sulphur in stead of Quicksilver others the succe of Fumatory or Lemmons some to the confection of this Unguent onely bray the root of Enula in Vinegar and traject it through a sieve but it is better to coct it to putrelage in two pounds of Vinegar and two pounds of water rather then in Vinegar onely for so it is too acrimonious Let the grease therefore be added to the wax melted in Oyl and afterwards adde the pulp of Enula then the Quicksilver Salt and Turpentine which mix together agitate and subact into an Unguent It is very efficacious in curing the dry and moist Scab from what cause soever and other foedities of the skin Vires CHAP. 18. Unguentum ad Vermes or An Unguent against Worms ℞ of the lesser Centaury Wormwood flower of Lupines of eachʒ j. Pulp of Coloquintida macerated in Vinegar and dryed ℈ ij Oyl of bitter Almonds lb ss Wax ℥ j. ss make it into an Unguent of a just consistence The COMMENTARY Worms are generated in many parts of the body especially in such where there is any corrupt excrementitious matter as in the Intestines out of which three kindes of Worms are rejected out of the superiour Intestines round and long ones out of the Colon broad ones and out of the straight gut ascarides or short grubs all are killed by sharp salt acid and amare Medicaments introsumed as by Aloes Southernwood and Rhabarb or externally adhibited as by the Unguent we have here described for whose preparation Coloquintida must be first brayed and macerated in Vinegar then dryed by insolation or the heat of ashes afterwards it must be mixed with wax melted in Oyl with the other simples redacted to powder then all must be agitated and accurately united into an Unguent It kills Worms Vires if the umbilical region be anointed therewith or the whole belly or if a part thereof be injected into the belly like a Glyster up the Fundament CHAP. 19. Unguentum ad Achoras vulgo Tineam or An Oyntment against Moth. D. Gordion ℞ of white and black Hellebore living Brimstone Auripigmentum Lithargie Lime-stone not quenched Alome Galls Soot of each ℥ ss Quicksilver killed Verdigrease of eachʒ ij make of these a Powder which boyl upon a gentle fire in the Juyces of Borrage Scabious Fumatory Sorrel and Vinegar of each ℥ iij. and when the Juyces are consumed adde old Oyl lb j. liquid Pitch ℥ ss Wax a little to make it up into an Unguent The COMMENTARY Gordonius is perhibited the first Author of this Unguent though Johannes de Concoregio mentions one who dissents from the dosis of the Hellebores limited by him as also Guido Cauliacus who detracts much from the quantity of Quicksilver and Verdigrease whose castigation we follow The Quicksilver may be extinguished after many manners but the most usual way is by jejune spittle or succe of Lemmons or sometimes of Henbane the rest are easie to prepare and the form is plain Gordonius saith that this Unguent is of such eximious vertue that it will without doubt after purgation of the body cure all infections curable by humane knowledge as the Moth
is pag. 247 Its vertues Ibid. Amphora pag. 137 Amulets are of two sorts pag. 20 Ana what it signifies pag. 136 Anachardian honey how it is made pag. 78 Anagalidis pag. 319 Andromachus who he was pag. 626 What his praise was pag. 627 Androsaemum pag. 328 Anemone pag. 309 Angelica pag. 298 Its vertues Ibid. Annis pag. 244 Animals which have fat and which have grease pag. 443 Parts of Animals are commodious for many things pag. 9 Anodynous pag. 29 Antals what they are pag. 461 St. Anthonies Fire how it is to be cured pag. 7 Anthropomorphon pag. 344 Antidotus analepticus or a roborative antidote pag. 619 Antidotus Diasatyrion or an antidote to excite venery pag. 618 Antidotum asyneritum pag. 620 Antidote of Mithridates of what it consists pag. 323 Antimony pag. 437 A story of it Ibid. Ants. pag. 470 Their description Ibid. Apples pag. 370 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pag. 29 Apomel pag. 529 Its best description pag. 101 Apophlegmatismes pag. 166 Their matter and profit Ibid. Apothecary what he ought to be pag. 4 Who may be adjudged dangerous Ibid. What his conversation should be Ibid. What his duty pag. 5 What things he ought to know pag. 32 How his house should stand and his Shop be built pag. 471 Apozeme what it is pag. 159 Whence it received its denomination Ibid. It s matter and effects Ibid. How it differs from a Syrupe Ibid. The Apozeme of the Ancients pag. 159 An opening Apozeme pag. 160 An Apozeme to allay the heat of a Feaver pag. 160 How they are made Ibid. Apricocks pag. 375 Aqua Aluminosa or Alome water pag. 198 Aqua Aluminosa magist or the magisterial water of Alome Ibid. Aq. Calcis or water of Lime pag. 737 Aq. contra Canculum or water against the Stone pag. 735 Aq. Cephalicae or waters for the bead what they are and how many pag. 151 Aq. Cordialis or Cordial waters what they are and how many pag. 150 Aq. Cinamoni or Cinamon water pag. 734 Aq. Clareta or Claret-water pag. 734 Aq. Communitatis or the water of Community pag. 736 Aq. ad Epiphorum or a water for the redness of the eyes pag. 736 Aq. ad Gonâ—rrheam or a water for the flux of Sperm pag. 735 Aq. Fortis pag. 737 Aq. Ophthalmica or a water for the eyes pag. 736 Aq. Theriacalis or Treacle-water pag. 532 Arach its description and kindes pag. 232 Arabick pag. 305 Arborescens pag. 229 Archangel pag. 298 Arcana's of the Medicinal Art are not to be disclosed pag. 137 Areolum pag. 135 Armenian Apples pag. 370 Aromaticks how they are to be kept pag. 147 Aromaticum Rosatum whence called and why pag. 603 Aromatization what it is pag. 85 Arnabo what pag. 271 Arsnick what it is pag. 407 Its affinity with Sandarack Ibid. Arsen pag. 344 Artichoak pag. 333 How to preserve the Stalks pag. 545 Asa how it differs from Assa pag. 400 Ascyrum pag. 308 Ash and Ashton keys pag. 341 Asparagras pag. 239 Aspes skin dried for what pag. 17 Aspica pag. 286 Asphaltus what it is pag. 673 Assafoetida the kindes thereof pag. 399 Asarabacca pag. 325 â—â—â—tion what it is the â—â—anner thereof its use pag. 66 Asselli domestici pag. 204 Attrition what it is pag. 62 Auripigmentum pag. 407 The way to burn it pag. 69 Axungia what it is pag. 445 Azure-Stone pag. 417 Its vertues Ibid. B. BAara pag. 7 Baggs pag. 210 Balnea Mariae pag. 88 Balneum Roris Ibid. Balm pag. 317 Balsam Tree its description and vertues pag. 282 Balsam de Peru de Tollu pag. 283 How to know the best pag. 282 Balsam what it signifies pag. 685 Balsam of Eronimus pag. 687 Of Falopius Ibid. Of Hollerius pag. 687 Of the Florentine Medicks pag. 687 Of Mesue pag. 686 A Balsam that is easie to be made pag. 688 A strange and wonderful Balsam Ibid. A vulnerary Balsam pag. 687 Barberies pag. 386 To preserve them pag. 541 420 Barks that are to be kept in shops pag. 492 Barly pag. 366 Barly cream pag. 163 Barly-water how it is made pag. 164 Bary graccalon pag. 364 Basil why so called its vertues pag. 313 A story of it Ibid. Baths their threefold use pag. 185 Their profit pag. 186 Cost in their structure pag. 185 A Bath of the decoction of herbs pag. 186 For the Morphew pag. 186 The various forms of Baths pag. 89 A dry Bath Ibid. Bdellium the best pag. 388 Bears grease pag. 445 Beets their difference pag. 232 Been its kindes pag. 275 Its succidany Ibid. Belzoin pag. 381 How it may be adulterated pag. 158 Benedict Laxativum pag. 561 Beryllus pag. 420 Bees pag. 135 Betony pag. 318 Bezoar whence it hath its name pag. 457 How 't is generated Ibid. A true sign to know it pag. 458 Birthwort pag. 324 Why called the apple of the earth pag. 325 Biscake how made pag. 171 Bishopweed its sorts and vertues pag. 246 247 Bistort pag. 359 Bitumen what it is pag. 403 How it may be adulterated pag. 58 The Bitumen of Sodom pag. 403 Blatta Bizant pag. 460 Blood of Plants pag. 393 Boccia pag. 88 Bolus what it is pag. 167 Its matter Ibid. They have not Cassia always for their Basis Ibid. Bole-Armeniack pag. 396 397 A cooling Bolus pag. 167 Boars-tooth its vertue pag. 16 Borax pag. 399 How to burn it pag. 69 Borage how it differs from Bugloss pag. 228 'T is always green Ibid. Boxes to be had in an Apothecaries shop pag. 489 Brass whence it is pag. 429 How to burn it Ibid. It s Flower Ibid. Its Fleaks Ibid. Broom pag. 339 Bricks pag. 424 Bryony how it differs from Mechoachan pag. 258 Bugloss its vertues pag. 228 Bulbus pag. 306 Burning of Med. pag. 67 What things require burnings Ibid. The kindes thereof Ibid. Why Sulphur and Nitre must be added pag. 69 Burnet pag. 325 Butchers-Broom pag. 240 Its vertues Ibid. Butter pag. 448 C. CAbage its description and vertues pag. 318 Cadmia pag. 433 Factitious pag. 434 Fossile pag. 434 How it is washed and prepared pag. 53 69 Calamint pag. 315 Calaminaris pag. 433 How to wash it pag. 53 Calamus Aromaticus pag. 273 Calchanthum what it is pag. 399 Caldrons that are to be used in shops what and how many pag. 483 Calefaction what it is pag. 71 Cambyses his Present to the King of Aegypt pag. 2 Champhor pag. 385 How it may be adulterated pag. 158 How to powder it with ease pag. 57 How to preserve it pag. 147 Cancannum what it is pag. 397 Its vertues Ibid. How to candy seeds pag. 106 Cantharides how they move Urine pag. 470 For what use they are pag. 469 How to prepare them pag. 470 Capers pag. 338 Capillary Herbs whence they have their name pag. 233 Their difference Ibid. Capons their difference pag. 447 Capons-grease its vertues Ibid. Cappes how they are quilted pag. 209 Caranna pag. 383 Caraway pag. 246 Carbo Petrae pag. 403 Cardamomes pag. 280 Cardiaca pag. 332 Cardiobotanum Ibid. Cardutellum pag.
Oyntment of Roses pag. 690 P. PAin what it is pag. 113 Its effects Ibid. Palimpissa pag. 378 Palma Christi pag. 269 Pandalaea's pag. 172 Panax pag. 394 Panthera pag. 240 Paracelsus degraded for his impiety pag. 159 Parigorical pag. 113 Parsly of Macedonia pag. 337 Pasta Regalis how it differs from Condites pag. 170 A Paste to loose flegm Ibid. Pastils of Neraeus pag. 635 Peaches pag. 378 Pears pag. 371 How to condite them pag. 541 Pearl pag. 458 459 Mother of Pearl Ibid. Pellitory its description pag. 231 Its vertues pag. 232 Pellitory Spain its description and vertues pag. 291 Penicils what they are and how to be made pag. 181 Penicils to allay the pain in the fundament pag. 181 To cleanse an ulcer Ibid. To dry it Ibid. Peniroyal why so called pag. 312 Penidees how made pag. 614 Peppers their kindes and vertues pag. 279 Perfumos their matter pag. 212 Pessaries their form pag. 179 A Pessary to bring down the Tearms pag. 180 To stay the immoderate flux thereof Ibid. Peters wort pag. 328 Petreolum pag. 673 Petrooel artificial pag. 404 Petroseline pag. 238 Pharmacy what it is pag. 1 In what it consists Ibid. The knowledge thereof is difficult to attain Ibid. How it ought to be esteemed pag. 2 Its dignity and antiquity drawn from Scripture Ibid. Philonum Romanum pag. 621 Its vertues Ibid. Physitians not without due merit called Dii tutelarii i.e. protecting Deities pag. 2 They are the sons of God Ibid. They were our first Schoolmasters in teaching us to make bread pag. 49 Their epidemical errour pag. 110 Phoenigms what pag. 202 Pication how made pag. 203 For what distempers it is most convenient Ibid. Pilewort its property pag. 7 Pills why so called pag. 114 Why called Catapotia Ibid. The form of Pills to what end Ibid. What Pills a shop may be without pag. 593 The ingrateful gust of Pills pag. 115 How the composition of Pills may be rightly made Ibid. When strong Pills are to be taken pag. 116 When gentle ones Ibid. The dose of Pills Ibid. The Verdict of Reason for the suppressing the numberless number of Pills pag. 593 Pil. de Agarico or pills of Agarick pag. 582 Pil. Aggregativae or pills of much use pag. 585 Pil. Aleophanginae or Aromatical pills pag. 587 Pil. de Aloe lota or of washed Aloes pag. 577 Pil. de Aromatibus or of sweet things pag. 587 Pil. Asaiaret or Chalagogous pills Ibid. Pil. Aur. or golden pills pag. 581 Pil. Bechicae albae or white Bechical pills pag. 597 Bechicae nigrae or black Bechical pills pag. 596 Pil. Ben. or blessed Pills pag. 587 Pil. Coch. or round pills pag. 583 Pil. de Cynoglosso or pills of Dogs-tongue pag. 594 Pil. Eupatoriae or pills of Egrimony pag. 580 Pil. foetidae or strong-sented pills pag. 590 Pil. Fumariae or pills compounded of Fumatory pag. 586 Pil. Hermodact major or the greater pills of Herm. pag. 584 Pil. Hierae or pills of Hiera pag. 587 Pil. de Hydrag or the Alexit pills of Quicksilver pag. 591 Pil. Imp. or the Catholical Imperial pills pag. 580 Pil. de lap Lazuli or pills of the Azure stone pag. 586 Pill Mastichinae or pills of Mastich pag. 578 Pil. Mechoachanae or pills of white Jalap pag. 589 Pil. de Nitro or pills of Saltpeter pag. 589 Pil. Ruffi or Rufus his pestilential pills pag. 578 Pil. sine quibus c. or pills without which I would not be pag. 581 Pil. de tribus solut or pills of three solutives pag. 579 Pil. non solutivis or pills not solutive pag. 594 Pil. Stomachicae or Stomachical pills pag. 577 Pimpinel pag. 325 Pine-nuts pag. 388 Piniolates pag. 171 Pignolates Ibid. Pissaphaltos pag. 404 Pistaches pag. 386 Pitch and Rosine how they differ pag. 378 The manner of making it Ibid. Why it is black Ibid. Liquid Cedrian Ibid. How to wash it pag. 54 Plaisters pag. 124 Their composition and qualities are various Ibid. Two general scopes in compounding of Plaisters pag. 125 The method that is to be observed in the making of plaisters pag. 125 126 The quantity of Oyl that is to be allowed to the consistencie of a plaister Ibid. A plaister to solidate and roborate the bones pag. 127 Another to draw ulcers to a Cicatrice Ibid. Plantain pag. 348 Plants their wonderful and strange nature pag. 7 The blood of plants pag. 393 Saccariferous plant pag. 223 Plums how to candy pag. 542 Polychrestum pag. 28 Polytriche pag. 235 Polium whence it hath its name pag. 212 Pomandors how to make them pag. 213 Pomegranates pag. 373 Pompholix what it is pag. 436 Poplar the kindes thereof with its vertues pag. 342 Poppy the differences thereof with the vertues pag. 348 Powders pag. 174 Powders that are finely beaten quickly pass thorow the body pag. 133 Cordial powders pag. 175 How to be sifted pag. 81 Powders for quilted caps pag. 209 A powder to make white the teeth pag. 211 A sweet smelling powder pag. 213 A cordial powder pag. 177 Mercury powder pag. 592 A vulnerary powder pag. 107 Why Medicaments are made into powders Ibid. A powder to break wind pag. 174 An Epulotical powder pag. 107 Damask-powder pag. 213 A powder to suffumigate the brain pag. 214 Powder of Lead pag. 62 A powder to stay the flux of humors pag. 214 The frequent use of powders in Chirurgery pag. 107 French Pox their orig pag. 592 Who brought them first into these parts Ibid. Poyson attracts poyson pag. 27 Much poyson is taken from Minerals Ibid. Compound poysons disproved Ibid. Poyson sometimes is generated in mans body pag. 25 Of what things it is taken Ibid. Poysons sometimes are Medicaments pag. 26 Poysonous simples convenient for many distempers pag. 25 Primerose pag. 357 Propomates what they are pag. 99 Prunes pag. 376 Psylothers what pag. 204 The Psyloth of Rondoletius Ibid. Another to take off hair Ib. Prisan what it is pag. 164 The Ptisan of the Ancients Ibid. Pulvis Antilyssus or a powder against the biting of a mad dog pag. 609 Pulv. Bezoardicus or the compound powder of Bezoar pag. 609 Pulv. Diaireos or the comp powder of Orris pag. 612 Pulv. Epuloticus or a powder to close a wound pag. 107 Pulv. digestivue or a digestive powder pag. 174 Pulv. laetificans or a heart-chearing powder pag. 604 Pulv. Mercurii or the powder of Mercury pag. 592 Pulv. Dianisi or the comp powder of Aniseed pag. 605 Pulv. contra pestem or a powder against the plague pag. 608 Pulv. Diastomoniae or a powder removing obstructions pag. 611 Pulmoniacks pag. 19 Pulverization what it is pag. 60 Three scopes of it Ibid. The various manner of it Ibid. Pumice-stone how to burn it pag. 69 Purges why most convenient in form of potions pag. 164 The dose of purges pag. 143 The dose of a purging potition should not exceed three ounces pag. 164 Queazie stomacks are averse to purges pag. 10 Purging Medicines are of two sorts pag. 45 When gentle purges are not to
be exhibited pag. 32 When malign Purges are to be used Ibid. Purges too strong ought to be avoided pag. 139 What things purge by Attraction pag. 15 What things purge by Compression pag. 15 What things purge by Lubrication pag. 15 A purging Potion to educe choler pag. 165 To educe phlegm Ibid. To purge melancholy Ibid. Purslain its seed and vertues pag. 242 Putrefaction pag. 72 Piony its kindes pag. 301 Its vertues Ibid. How to candy the roots pag. 546 Pyroticks why so called pag. 206 How they differ from Vesicatories Ibid. Their matter Ibid. Manner of making Ibid. Q. THe inexplicable Quality of Aliment pag. 2 The several Qualities of Medicaments pag. 11 The first and second Qualities of a Med. Ibid. The third or occult Quality together with its extent pag. 12 The Qualities of purging Medicaments whence they proceed and how they operate pag. 14 Their several denominations Ibid. Quartarius pag. 137 Quick silver the monster of Nature pag. 409 How to kill it pag. 410 Quid pro quo pag. 153 Quinces pag. 374 How to preserve them pag. 543 Quilted Caps pag. 209 How they are to be prepared Ibid. Their matter pag. 209 R. RAms why so called pag. 453 Rape the kindes thereof pag. 308 Raisons why so called pag. 385 Rasion pag. 63 Refrigeration what pag. 72 Regal paste pag. 170 How it differs from an Opiate Ibid. Chymical Remedies ought not to be neglected pag. 51 What Chymical Remedies should be used Ibid. Resberries pag. 380 Restharrow pag. 302 The differences of it Ibid. Its vertues pag. 303 Retort pag. 90 When it is to be used in Distillations Ibid. Rhabarb pag. 252 Our common Rhabarb is not Rhapontick Ibid. Where the best grows pag. 253 Extract of Rhabarb pag. 80 Rhadish pag. 308 Rhapontick pag. 335 It is not the greater Centotory Ibid. Rhodomel pag. 102 Rhus pag. 367 Risagalum pag. 407 Rob what it is pag. 533 Rob of Berberries Ibid. Rob of Quinces pag. 535 Rob of red Currans pag. 533 Rob of Cornel-berries pag. 535 Rocket the differences thereof What roots may be gathered at any time of the year pag. 41 Where they are to be kept pag. 146 How they are to be cleansed pag. 55 The greater and lesser opening roots pag. 150 The way to prepare the five opening roots pag. 56 Rosemary pag. 340 Roses pag. 248 Vinegar of Roses pag. 72 Rosine what it is pag. 377 The varieties thereof Ibid. How to wash it pag. 54 Rosata novella or a new-invented Opiate pag. 617 Rue pag. 322 Rubetae what they are pag. 463 Rusma of the Turks pag. 205 S. SAcculus what it is pag. 210 A Sacculus for the Cholick Ibid. To comfort the heart Ibid. For the Lethargie and Apoplexie Ibid. Saffron of Mars pag. 610 Saffron where the best grows pag. 251 Sagapenum what it is pag. 401 Its vertues Ibid. Sage its vertues pag. 321 St. Johns wort pag. 327 Salt pag. 402 It savours all things Ibid. Its vertues Ibid. It s flower and spume pag. 403 Sal. Alkali pag. 402 403 Sal. Amoniaci pag. 402 403 Sal. Fosselis pag. 402 403 Sal. Gemmeus pag. 402 403 Sal. Indus pag. 402 403 Sal. Lacustris pag. 402 403 Sal. Marinus pag. 402 403 Sal. Nitrum pag. 402 403 Sal. Petrae pag. 402 403 Sal. Phrygius pag. 402 403 Salt how it must be burned pag. 68 Saliture pag. 87 Salvia vitae pag. 236 Sampsuchum pag. 311 Sandarack and Arsnick are near akin pag. 68 407 Sandrax Ibid. Sandyx pag. 409 Sapa what it is pag. 103 533 Simple and compound pag. 104 Saphyre pag. 413 Sarcocolla pag. 403 How it is nourished pag. 58 Saradrap pag. 731 Sarcotick the best pag. 129 Sarda what it is pag. 415 Sardis Ibid. Sarsaperilla what it is pag. 289 How it differs from Smilax with its vertues Ibid. Sassafrax pag. 287 Satyrium pag. 306 How to know the best Ibid. How to candy the roots pag. 548 Savine the kindes thereof with their vertues pag. 339 340 Saunders the varieties thereof with their qualities pag. 287 Which is best Ibid. Saxafrage pag. 324 Scabious pag. 362 Scammony plant pag. 264 How its juyce is to be drawn out Ibid. That of Antioch is the best Ibid. By what signatures the best may be known Ibid. It vertues and correction Ibid. Why called Diacridium pag. 265 Scariola pag. 243 Scechachul what it is pag. 276 Its succidany Ibid. Scincus marinus pag. 467 Scolymus pag. 333 Scordium pag. 322 Scorpions what kinde of animals they are pag. 467 Many kinds of scorpions pag. 468 Scum or spume how it is to be detracted pag. 83 Scutum what it is for pag. 208 Two descriptions of it Ibid. Sea-bull pag. 306 Sea-navel pag. 460 Sea-bindweed pag. 269 Sea-colwort Ibid. Sea-crabs their property pag. 8 Sebestens pag. 380 Section what it is pag. 63 Seeds which ought to be kept in Apothecaries shops pag. 492 Where they are to be placed pag. 146 What quantity of seed is to be taken in the compounding of a Medicament pag. 144 The small and great hot seeds pag. 150 The small and great cool seeds pag. 241 242 Sieves how many are requisite for an Apothecaries shop pag. 81 Sifting its use and manner how pag. 81 82 Selenites pag. 420 Senna pag. 257 Serapine pag. 401 Sericum must not be burned pag. 61 What it is pag. 471 Serris pag. 243 Setwal pag. 272 Sharp things why by burning lose their acrimony pag. 67 Shop-instruments what they are and how many they be pag. 472 Sicilicus pag. 135 Sidar how it is made pag. 77 Sief what it is pag. 107 Siliqua what it is pag. 135 Silk-worms pag. 471 Silver how it 's made pag. 427 'T is the soul and blood of mortals Ibid. What simples ought to be kept in Apothecaries shops pag. 490 491 The ancient use of simples pag. 6 Sinapisms how they are made pag. 202 How they differ from Vesicatories Ibid. Solanum vesicarium pag. 349 Soldanella pag. 269 Smaladge pag. 237 238 Smaragd pag. 412 Where the best is found Ibid. Its vertues pag. 413 A story of it Ibid. Snapdragon pag. 319 Sopor what it is pag. 34 Sorb-apples pag. 375 Sorrel pag. 353 Soul called salt of the body pag. 88 Sowthistle pag. 243 Sowre Dock pag. 556 Spanish spurge pag. 319 Spanish flyes pag. 469 Sparadraps pag. 127 Sparrows brains excite to venery or carnal copulation pag. 66 Spatula's why so called pag. 482 Speedwell pag. 319 Spec. Antilyssos pag. 609 Spec. Aromat Rosat pag. 603 Spec. Bezoardicus pag. 608 Spec. Diacalaminthes pag. 607 Spec. Diacinamomum pag. 606 Spec. Diaireos simp pag. 612 Spec. Diambrae pag. 601 Spec. Diamarg frig pag. 599 Spec. Diamoschi pag. 601 Spec. Dianisi pag. 605 Spec. Dianthos Ibid. Spec. Diarrhodon Abbatis pag. 603 Spec. Diapenidii pag. 613 Spec. Diatraganth frigid Ibid. Spec. De Gemmis pag. 600 Spec. Laetificans pag. 604 Spec. Lithontripticon pag. 606 Spec. Triasantal pag. 602 Sperage pag. 239 Sperma ceti what it is pag. 404 Spica Celtica pag. 282 Spikenard pag.
what it is pag. 58 Triasantalum pag. 602 Triture what it is pag. 60 What things require much triture Ibid. What moderate what little pag. 62 Troches what they are under a general notion pag. 116 Their matter Ibid. Such as are Roborative Purgative and Alterative pag. 117 Trochisci de Agarico or the troches of Agarick pag. 575 Troch albi Rhasis or Rhasis his white troches pag. 643 Troch Alexiterii or troches against infection pag. 641 Troch Alhandal or troches of Coloquintida pag. 575 Troch de Antispodio or troches of burnt Ivory pag. 637 Troch de Berberis or troches of Berberries pag. 638 Troch de Caphura or the troches of Camphor pag. 635 Troch de Caparibus or the troches of Capers pag. 639 Troch de Carabe or the troches of Amber pag. 637 Troch Cypheos or Aromatical troches pag. 633 Troch Galliae Moschatae or troches compounded of Aloes wood pag. 634 Troch Aliptae Moschatae or the odoriferous troches of Musk. Ibid. Troch Diarrhodon or the Aromatical troches of Roses pag. 636 Troch Gordonii or Dr. Gordonius his troches pag. 639 Troch ad Gonorrhaeam or troches for the flux of Sperm pag. 642 Troch Hedicroi or sweet smelling troches pag. 631 Troch Hysterici or Hysterical troches pag. 641 Troch Myrrhae or troches of Myrrhe pag. 640 Troch Narcotici Fernel or the stupefying troches of Fernelius pag. 643 Troch de Rhabarbero or the troches of Rhabarb pag. 574 Troch Scillitici Androm or the troch of Squills prescribed by Andromachus pag. 632 Troch de Spodio cum semine or the troches of Spodium with Sorrel-seed pag. 638 Troch de Viperis or the troches of Vipers pag. 630 Tryphera solutiva pag. 563 Turchesa pag. 419 Turbith its description pag. 263 Various opinions about it Ibid. How to know the best Ibid. How to prepare it pag. 56 Turpentine pag. 379 Masculine pag. 380 Feminine pag. 380 Tutty what it is pag. 436 How to prepare it Ibid. Its vertues Ibid. How to wash it pag. 53 V. VAlerian pag. 333 Vaporary its constitution and use pag. 187 A Vaporary to bring down the Tearms and move the Hemorrhoids pag. 187 To stay them both pag. 188 To allay the pain thereof Ibid. Vegetables which by a certain Antinomasia are to be preferred before others pag. 149 Venice-Treacle pag. 626 Verdigrease what it is pag. 429 Its species and qualities pag. 430 How to burn it pag. 69 Vermilago pag. 332 Vermilion pag. 408 Vesicatory how it differs from a Sinapism pag. 205 Its utility Ibid. The Country-mans Vesicatory Ibid. Vineger pag. 221 â—â—â—qualities pag. 101 221 â—â—ich is best Ibid. â—â—eger of Roses how to be made pag. 72 Vineger of Squills Ibid. Viâ—e pag. 219 Vinous Hydromel how made pag. 71 Vinum Hippocraticum what it is pag. 56 Vinum ex Herbis pag. 77 Vipers what they are pag. 764 Why so called Ibid. Their differences Ibid. Why their beads and tails in their preparation must be cut off pag. 465 How to burn them pag. 67 The manner of preparing their Axungia pag. 466 When they are to be taken for the composition of Treacle Ibid. The powder of their skins will cause hair to grow pag. 16 Virgins milk why so called pag. 197 How it is made Ibid. Its vertues Ibid. Vitriol pag. 399 Which may be called the best Ibid. How to burn it pag. 68 How to burn Red Vitriol pag. 69 Ulcers in the eyes are cured by washed Cadmia pag. 53 Unguent what it is pag. 121 The difference of an Unguent and Cerate Ibid. Their varieties pag. 122 What quantity of Oyl Unguents require pag. 121 In what vessels they must be kept Ibid. The four hot and cold Unguents what they are pag. 151 A sweet smelling Ung. pag. 213 Unguentum ad Achorus vulgo Tineam or an Unguent for Moths c. pag. 702 Unguentum Adjutorium or the Adjutory Unguent pag. 706 Ung. Egyptiacum or the Egyptian Oyntment pag. 704 Ung. Crudum or the Crude Oyntment pag. 87 122 Ung. Agrippae or the Oyntment of the juyce of wild simples pag. 704 Ung. Apostolorum or the Oyntment of the Apostles pag. 703 Ung. album Rhasis or Rhasis white Oyntment pag. 705 Ung. Altheae or the Oyntment of Marshmallows pag. 698 Ung. Aregon or the helping Oyntment pag. 705 Ung. Aureum or the Golden Oyntment pag. 700 Ung. Basilicum or the Princely Oyntment pag. 699 Ung. de Bolo or the Oyntment of Bole. pag. 693 Ung. Caphuratum or an Oyntment with Camphor pag. 697 Ung. Citrinum or the Oyntment of Citrons pag. 707 Ung. de Siccativum rubrum or the red drying Oyntment pag. 694 Ung. Diapompholigos or the Oyntment of Pompholix pag. 695 Ung. Enulatum cum Merc. or the Oyntment of Enulacampane with Mercury pag. 701 Ung. Fuscum or the Agglutiating Oyntment Ibid. Ung. de Lythargyro or the Oyntment of Litharidge pag. 692 Ung. magnum or the eximious Oyntment pag. 704 Ung. Martiatum or Martiatons Unguent pag. 706 Ung. Melleum or the honey Oyntment pag. 704 Ung. de Minio or the Oyntment of Red-lead pag. 697 Ung. Mundificativum expert or the Experienced cleansing Oyntment pag. 699 Ung. Neapolitanum or an Oyntment for the Venerean disease pag. 709 Ung. nutritum or the nourished Oyntment pag. 692 Ung. Ophthalmicum or an Oyntment for the eyes pag. 696 Ung. Populeon or the Oyntment of Poplar pag. 691 Ung. ad Pruritem scabiosem or an Oyntment for the Itch. pag. 696 Ung. Resumptivum or the Resumptive Oyntment pag. 697 Ung. Rosatum or the Oyntment of Roses pag. 690 Ung. Sanctum or a Sacred Oyntment pag. 3 Ung. Spleniticum or an Oyntment for the Spleen pag. 708 Ung. Stipticum or the Astringent Oyntment pag. 694 Ung. Tetrapharmacum or an Oyntment of four things pag. 699 Ung. Triapharmacum or an Oyntment of three similar things pag. 692 Ung. ad Vermis or an Oyntment for the Worms pag. 702 Unicorn and his horn pag. 456 Its description and vertues Ibid. Unions how they differ from Margarites pag. 459 Whence they have their name pag. 458 Vomits which should especially be made choice of pag. 45 46 Ureticks what they are pag. 29 Urna what it is pag. 137 Ustion what it is pag. 67 The various modes thereof Ibid. When it may be said to be finished pag. 68 Why by Ustion sharp Medicaments lose their acrimony pag. 67 It is cousin german to Assation pag. 69 Utensils for an Apothecaries shop what they arâ— pag. 472 A catalogue thereof pag. 473 c. Vulnerary powder pag. 107 W. WAll-flower pag. 309 Wall-nuts pag. 387 Wall-wort pag. 261 Water and fire the principles of life pag. 217 What the soul of Water is pag. 218 How the goodness of Water may be known Ibid. The differences thereof Ibid. Which may be called the best Ibid. What the levity of Water is pag. 218 The quantity of Water to be put in a Decoction pag. 162 The quantity of Water to be used for a dose Ibid. Why Cistern-waters are unwholesome pag. 218 Why running-Water is the best pag. 99
which comes for the most part by fits stirred up by an influx of humors into the said joynts but in plain terms the Gout Arthritical Gouty persons Arthrodia is a Ligament which conjoyns the head of the bone which is of it's self little and that stands in shallow cavity Articles joynts Arundinaceous resembling reeds or reedy Ascharides Worms in the arse-gut Ascites is a swelling of the belly caused of a serous matter sometimes from a swelling in the teeth Assation rosting Assumed taken inwardly Asthma shortnesse of breathing viz. when the breath is hindred by the sympathy or propriety of the part Astmatical short breathed Astringent Medicines that bind or close up the pores of the skin or that bind the belly Astrictive binding Atomes Motes Atrophy a Consumption Attenuating or making thin Attracteth draweth together or to its self Attraction The drawing quality of any thing as the Loadstone draweth Iron Attrition rubbing or grinding a certain manner of preparation like grinding on some convenient stone with some humidity whereby Lapis Judaicus Collyrta and the like are prepared Augmentation of a Disease is until it comes to its worst state Austere sour Auricles the ears Auriculum a Chalx that contains gold gold calcined to pouder Auripigmentum Orpiment of a deadly taste yet used outwardly in medicines Axilla the arm-pit Axungia Hogs-grease Azure an excellent blue colour B Balm a pretious liquor or juyce otherwise called balsamum or opobalsamum It dropeth by cutting out of a little low Plant about a yard high having leaves like Rue but whiter which plant groweth in Egypt and some places of the Holy-land This juyce is somewhat like oyl but more clammy and inclining to a certain redness It hath a strong smell and no very pleasant taste being dropt into a vessel of Water it will sink down to the bottom like a round pearl and may be taken up again on the point of a knife its excellent to take away a skar and many other purposes but it 's very dear and hard to be gotten Balneum Mariae a pot of seething Water whereinto is set a vessel containing any fit matter to be distill'd or digested Balneum sulphureum a Bath which hath the vertues of brimstone Basilisk a Cockatrice the most venemous Serpent that is it kills a man with its very sight as some say but by its breath infallibly it 's about a foot long with a black and yellow skin and fiery red eyes Bdellion Bdellium the name of a gum brought out of Arabia and the Holy-land of a sweet smell and bitter taste its vertues are to mollifie hard swellings and is good against stiffness of sinews or other parts and against the biting of venemous beasts Bechichal Confections Medicines or Electuaries made for the Cough Benedicta laxativa a purging Electuary Benign Medicaments gentle harmless Medicines Benzwine a sweet smelling Gum of many signal vertues Berillus a pretious stone called beryl Bezar a stone of excellent vertue against poyson of the bigness of an Acorn dissolved it may be in Water it 's taken out of a Beast in India of the same name and is exceeding deer Biles Tumours or knots Bilious Chollerick Bitumen a kind of natural Lime and Clay clammy like pitch it grows in some Countries of Asia it 's of a bright clear purple colour and of a strong smell the black is accounted naught There is also a liquid bitumen in Sicily used instead of lamp-oyl Blanching is the separation of the skins and hulls from divers seeds and kernels as Almonds pease barley c. and it 's done by steeping them in hot Water after which the hulls or peels will slip off by rubbing with your thumb Bolus a morsel or lump of a soft Medicine to be swallowed down Bolus armenus Bole-armoniack is cordial drying healing and cooling Bonity Goodness Borax venetiae Borax Breathing a vein is blood-letting properly where but little blood is taken away Bronchia the hollow pipes which are dispersed through the substance of the Lungs being branches of the wind-pipe Bronchochele the Rupture of the throat a great round swelling in the throat Buccellation is dividing into gobbets or by piece-meals Buglossum vinum Wine made of Bugloss C Cacoethe is a species of the canker and so poysonous that it continueth with one all his life time being by most held incurable Cachechtical persons such as are bloat up with a moist windy humor and have a pale ill colour in their faces Cuchectical an evil habit of body Cadmia nativa a kind of mineral Cadmia officinarum Tutty Caducus morbus the falling-sickness Caeliaca the Arteries of the stomach which accompany the branches of the Gate-vein Calcanthum Vitriolum Copperas or Vitriol Calcedonius a pretious stone Calcination a burning to ashes by drying up of the native moisture by reverberate ignition by putting them together with aqua fortis the spirit of salt vitriol sulphur c. Calamine the oar of brass much used among Chirurgions Calamites rana viridis a green Frog Calefaction is a certain way of preparing Medicines simple or compound by a moderate heat of the Sun fire or horse-dung Calefactive heating Calefy that maketh warm Caliginous dim dark sighted Callous hard brawny Calx coma is abstersive drying healing Calx viva Quick lime used chiefly in caustick Medicines Camphir a strong smelling juyce or sap of a tree in India Cancer is a hard tumor rough and unequal round and unmoveable of an ash or liquid colour Canina fames Cynorexia Dogs appetite unnatural hunger Cantharides Spanish flies of a golden colour Carabe Amber Carbo Carbunculus a Plague-sore or Botch Carbunculus Anthracites A Carbuncle stone coming out of the Indies Cardamomum a spice Cardiack passion passions of the heart Cardiaca the median or liver-vein Cardialgia distempers or griefs of the heart Cardiacks things proper to the heart or Cordials Cardiogmos heart-burning Carenum mustum ad tertias coctum Must or new Wine boyld till the third part remain Carminating Medicines are such as break wind Carnose Fleshy Carpobalsamum the fruit of balsamum Caryophillum Cloves Carus rottenness or corruption of a Bone Caruncle a bit of flesh growing out on any part of the body Cassia flos prepared Cassia of excellent use in Physick it being as harmless and gentle a purge as is Castigation Correction chastisement Catagmaticks Medicines to consolidate or knit together broken bones Catagma ossium fractura A fracture of the bones Catalepsis numbness or stiffness with which whosoever is taken he retains the same figure of the parts of the body which he had when he was taken whether sitting or lying Catapasms sweet pouders Cataphora a dead sleep Cataplasm a pultise Catopotium pillula a Pill or little ball Catharticks purging Medicines Catarrh a flowing or distilling of humors from the brain upon the Lungs causing a cough Catheter an hollow instrument to thrust into the yard when the urine is stopt by stones or gravel lying in the passage Catholicon an universal Medicine Catocho