or_o cure_v the_o body_n be_v over_o so_o it_o be_v as_o ridiculous_a to_o say_v that_o the_o time_n to_o play_v the_o philosopher_n that_o be_v to_o heal_v the_o mind_n be_v not_o yet_o come_v or_o that_o the_o time_n be_v past_a to_o be_v happy_a it_o be_v strange_a that_o we_o shall_v thus_o miserable_o waste_v and_o consume_v our_o time_n and_o shall_v not_o apply_v ourselves_o to_o that_o which_o will_v be_v as_o useful_a to_o the_o rich_a as_o to_o the_o poor_a and_o which_o be_v neglect_v be_v as_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o young_a as_o to_o the_o old_a it_o be_v a_o reproach_n that_o horace_n apply_v to_o himself_o fluunt_fw-la mihi_fw-la tarda_fw-la ingrataque_fw-la tempora_fw-la quae_fw-la spem_fw-la consiliumque_fw-la morantur_fw-la agendi_fw-la gnaviter_fw-la id_fw-la quod_fw-la aeque_fw-la pauperibus_fw-la prodest_fw-la locupletibus_fw-la aeque_fw-la aeque_fw-la neglectum_fw-la pveris_fw-la senibusque_fw-la nocebit_fw-la take_v from_o hence_o both_o young_a and_o old_a take_v from_o hence_o with_o you_o the_o viaticum_fw-la the_o entertainment_n and_o the_o consolation_n of_o poor_a old_a age._n petite_fw-fr hinc_fw-la juvenesque_fw-la senesque_fw-la miseris_fw-la viatica_fw-la canis_fw-la for_o it_o be_v of_o the_o study_n of_o philosophy_n that_o the_o poet_n speak_v according_a to_o biante_n aristippus_n antisthenes_n aristotle_n and_o other_o philosopher_n still_v it_o the_o viaticum_fw-la of_o old_a age._n but_o to_o mention_v that_o chief_o which_o ought_v to_o persuade_v young_a man_n to_o study_v philosophy_n be_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o excellent_a and_o commendable_a than_o to_o accustom_v ourselves_o betimes_o to_o good_a thing_n and_o to_o adorn_v the_o beauty_n of_o youth_n with_o the_o sweetness_n of_o wisdom_n which_o common_o be_v the_o blessing_n of_o a_o more_o mature_a age._n nor_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n more_o agreeable_a than_o to_o prepare_v and_o make_v ourselves_o fit_a to_o meet_v and_o receive_v old_a age_n which_o beside_o its_o proper_a blessing_n of_o maturity_n may_v also_o shine_v forth_o with_o the_o lustre_n of_o those_o virtue_n which_o be_v splendid_a and_o remarkable_a in_o our_o youth_n so_o that_o by_o the_o frequent_a remembrance_n of_o the_o virtuous_a action_n of_o our_o youth_n we_o may_v in_o our_o elder_a year_n seem_v to_o grow_v young_a again_o moreover_o wisdom_n be_v not_o only_o a_o proper_a and_o true_a ornament_n but_o a_o very_a useful_a prop_n and_o assistance_n against_o the_o inconvenience_n and_o infirmity_n of_o age._n it_o be_v that_o which_o animate_v old_a man_n with_o the_o same_o vigour_n as_o it_o do_v the_o young_a here_o we_o again_o ought_v to_o listen_v to_o seneca_n who_o when_o he_o be_v very_o old_a be_v wont_a to_o hear_v the_o lesson_n of_o sextus_n the_o philosopher_n the_o same_o be_v practise_v in_o imitation_n of_o he_o by_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n behold_v say_v he_o this_o be_v the_o five_o day_n that_o i_o frequent_v the_o school_n and_o that_o i_o listen_v to_o a_o philosopher_n who_o dispute_v from_o eight_o a_o clock_n you_o may_v perhaps_o say_v it_o be_v time_n indeed_o to_o study_v in_o our_o young_a year_n and_o why_o not_o in_o this_o age_n be_v there_o any_o thing_n more_o ridiculous_a than_o to_o refuse_v learning_n because_o we_o have_v not_o learned_a a_o long_a while_n before_o shall_v i_o be_v ashamed_a to_o go_v and_o meet_v a_o philosopher_n we_o ought_v to_o learn_v while_o we_o be_v ignorant_a and_o according_a to_o the_o proverb_n as_o long_o as_o we_o live_v go_v lucillus_n and_o make_v haste_n for_o fear_v that_o it_o shall_v happen_v to_o you_o as_o to_o i_o to_o be_v oblige_v to_o study_v in_o your_o decline_a year_n and_o make_v what_o speed_n you_o can_v the_o rather_o because_o you_o have_v undertake_v that_o which_o you_o will_v scarce_o learn_v when_o you_o come_v to_o be_v decrepit_a but_o what_o advantage_n shall_v i_o gather_v may_v you_o say_v as_o much_o as_o you_o will_v endeavour_v for_o what_o do_v you_o expect_v no_o man_n become_v wise_a by_o chance_n riches_n may_v come_v to_o we_o of_o themselves_o honour_n may_v be_v offer_v to_o we_o and_o we_o may_v be_v advance_v to_o employment_n and_o dignity_n but_o virtue_n will_v come_v and_o seek_v we_o we_o must_v endeavour_v to_o find_v she_o for_o she_o never_o bestow_v her_o blessing_n but_o upon_o such_o as_o take_v labour_n and_o pain_n these_o be_v the_o particular_n which_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n and_o chief_o epicurus_n have_v recommend_v to_o our_o serious_a consideration_n as_o the_o best_a mean_n not_o only_o to_o discover_v to_o we_o the_o sure_a way_n to_o true_a happiness_n but_o also_o to_o render_v it_o easy_a and_o pleasant_a chap._n ii_o what_o sort_n of_o pleasure_n it_o be_v that_o epicurus_n recommend_v as_o the_o end_n of_o a_o happy_a life_n it_o be_v strange_a that_o the_o word_n pleasure_n shall_v have_v blast_v the_o reputation_n of_o epicurus_n or_o to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o word_n of_o seneca_n that_o it_o have_v give_v occasion_n for_o a_o fiction_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o this_o word_n comprehend_v the_o honest_a pleasure_n as_o well_o as_o the_o loose_a and_o debauch_a i_o say_v it_o be_v certain_a for_o plato_n aristotle_n and_o all_o the_o other_o ancient_a philosopher_n as_o well_o as_o their_o disciple_n speak_v in_o express_a word_n that_o among_o the_o pleasure_n some_o be_v innocent_a other_o impure_a some_o be_v of_o the_o mind_n other_o be_v of_o the_o body_n some_o true_a other_o false_a we_o believe_v say_v aristotle_n that_o pleasure_n ought_v to_o accompany_v happiness_n and_o as_o it_o be_v confess_v that_o among_o the_o operation_n that_o be_v agreeable_a with_o virtue_n such_o as_o proceed_v from_o wisdom_n be_v more_o pleasant_a than_o the_o rest_n therefore_o wisdom_n seem_v to_o contain_v pleasure_n that_o be_v pure_a admirable_a and_o fix_v there_o be_v a_o delight_n say_v cicero_n in_o seek_v after_o great_a and_o hide_a thing_n and_o when_o there_o appear_v something_o of_o resemblance_n the_o mind_n be_v fill_v with_o a_o sweet_a pleasure_n in_o the_o discovery_n of_o nature_n there_o be_v a_o unsatiable_a pleasure_n and_o those_o who_o delight_n in_o pursuit_n hereof_o neither_o regard_n ofttimes_o their_o health_n nor_o their_o fortune_n they_o suffer_v all_o thing_n be_v captivate_v with_o the_o love_n of_o knowledge_n and_o understanding_n and_o with_o great_a labour_n they_o pay_v for_o the_o pleasure_n they_o acquire_v by_o learning_n we_o read_v also_o in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n that_o god_n himself_o in_o the_o beginning_n plant_v a_o garden_n or_o paradise_n of_o pleasure_n that_o the_o bless_a shall_v be_v fill_v with_o the_o fatness_n of_o his_o house_n and_o drink_v of_o the_o river_n of_o his_o pleasure_n i_o mention_v this_o only_o because_o some_o imagine_v that_o this_o word_n pleasure_n can_v nor_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v take_v but_o in_o a_o ill_a sense_n therefore_o when_o epicurus_n say_v that_o pleasure_n be_v the_o chief_a end_n they_o fancy_v that_o he_o can_v and_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v but_o of_o sordid_a and_o forbid_a pleasure_n so_o that_o when_o we_o say_v or_o when_o they_o read_v that_o there_o have_v be_v some_o philosopher_n who_o be_v call_v voluptuous_a they_o present_o take_v epicurus_n for_o their_o chieftain_n or_o leader_n but_o let_v we_o examine_v this_o business_n from_o the_o bottom_n and_o first_o let_v we_o begin_v with_o the_o accusation_n which_o they_o bring_v against_o he_o and_o as_o among_o those_o who_o allow_v other_o pleasure_n than_o of_o the_o body_n there_o be_v some_o that_o will_v have_v what_o he_o say_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o bodily_a pleasure_n let_v we_o weigh_v his_o own_o word_n as_o they_o be_v find_v in_o laertius_n for_o there_o he_o express_v his_o mind_n and_o declare_v plain_o what_o that_o pleasure_n be_v which_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o end_n of_o our_o life_n and_o the_o chief_a good_n the_o end_n of_o a_o happy_a life_n say_v he_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o health_n of_o the_o body_n and_o the_o tranquillity_n of_o the_o soul_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o all_o our_o action_n aim_v and_o tend_v to_o this_o end_n that_o we_o may_v be_v free_a from_o pain_n and_o trouble_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o because_o this_o end_n he_o style_v by_o the_o name_n of_o pleasure_n some_o take_v occasion_n from_o thence_o to_o scandalize_v he_o say_v that_o hereby_o he_o understand_v the_o mean_a and_o sordid_a pleasure_n of_o the_o body_n therefore_o he_o make_v his_o own_o apology_n and_o clear_v himself_o from_o this_o calumny_n by_o declare_v plain_o what_o kind_n of_o pleasure_n he_o mean_v and_o what_o not_o for_o after_o have_v make_v it_o his_o main_a business_n to_o recommend_v a_o sober_a life_n which_o be_v satisfy_v with_o plain_a food_n and_o easy_a to_o be_v get_v you_o
three_o discourse_n of_o happiness_n virtue_n and_o liberty_n collect_v from_o the_o work_n of_o the_o learned_a gassendi_n by_o mounseur_fw-fr bernier_n translate_v out_o of_o french_a london_n print_v for_o awnsham_n and_o john_n churchil_n at_o the_o black_a swan_n in_o pater-noster-row_n mdcxcix_o the_o preface_n the_o epicurean_a philosopher_n place_v the_o happiness_n of_o man_n in_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o health_n of_o the_o body_n assure_v we_o that_o those_o two_o be_v no_o otherwise_o to_o be_v procure_v than_o by_o a_o constant_a practice_n of_o virtue_n and_o because_o they_o have_v have_v the_o hard_a fate_n to_o be_v misrepresent_v by_o most_o of_o the_o other_o sect_n as_o well_o ancient_a as_o modern_a and_o their_o principle_n traduce_v as_o favour_v the_o most_o brutal_a sensuality_n the_o learned_a gassendi_n who_o have_v either_o examine_v their_o doctrine_n with_o more_o diligence_n or_o interpret_v their_o sentiment_n with_o more_o candour_n and_o justice_n think_v he_o can_v not_o employ_v his_o time_n better_o than_o to_o vindicate_v the_o moral_n of_o epicurus_n and_o his_o follower_n from_o the_o slander_n of_o mistake_n and_o malice_n and_o to_o show_v that_o their_o principal_a design_n be_v to_o lead_v man_n by_o smooth_a and_o easy_a path_n to_o a_o just_a sober_a wise_a and_o virtuous_a behaviour_n as_o the_o only_a way_n to_o true_a happiness_n this_o he_o prove_v at_o large_a and_o illustrate_v with_o the_o sentiment_n of_o many_o great_a and_o excellent_a man_n among_o the_o greek_n and_o roman_n but_o because_o these_o thing_n be_v diffuse_v through_o the_o voluminous_a work_n of_o that_o great_a man_n mounseur_fw-fr bernier_n who_o name_n be_v a_o sufficient_a commendation_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o learning_n take_v the_o pain_n to_o put_v they_o together_o and_o to_o form_v they_o into_o several_a entire_a discourse_n which_o on_o account_n of_o their_o great_a importance_n to_o mankind_n be_v here_o present_v to_o the_o public_a of_o moral_a philosophy_n in_o general_z mankind_n have_v a_o natural_a inclination_n to_o be_v happy_a the_o main_a bent_n and_o design_n of_o all_o his_o action_n and_o endeavour_n tend_v chief_o that_o way_n it_o be_v therefore_o a_o undeniable_a truth_n that_o happiness_n or_o a_o life_n free_a from_o pain_n and_o misery_n be_v such_o thing_n as_o influence_n and_o direct_v all_o our_o action_n and_o purpose_n to_o the_o obtain_n of_o they_o and_o though_o several_a person_n who_o neither_o want_n the_o necessity_n nor_o convenience_n of_o life_n possess_v great_a riches_n promote_v to_o dignites_n and_o honour_n bless_v with_o a_o beautiful_a and_o hopeful_a offspring_n in_o a_o word_n who_o want_v nothing_o that_o may_v seem_v requisite_a to_o complete_a their_o present_a happiness_n though_o i_o say_v we_o find_v many_o who_o have_v all_o these_o advantage_n yet_o they_o lead_v a_o anxious_a and_o uneasy_a life_n disquiet_v with_o care_n trouble_n and_o perpetual_a disturbance_n from_o whence_o the_o wise_a sort_n of_o mankind_n have_v conclude_v that_o the_o source_n of_o this_o evil_n proceed_v from_o the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o cause_n wherein_o our_o true_a happiness_n consist_v and_o of_o the_o last_o end_n which_o every_o one_o shall_v propose_v to_o himself_o in_o all_o his_o action_n which_o be_v neglect_v we_o be_v lead_v blindfold_o by_o our_o passion_n and_o forsake_v honesty_n virtue_n and_o good_a manner_n without_o which_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o live_v happy_o for_o this_o reason_n they_o have_v therefore_o undertake_v to_o instruct_v we_o wherein_o true_a happiness_n consist_v and_o to_o propose_v such_o useful_a precept_n for_o the_o due_a regulation_n of_o our_o passion_n whereby_o our_o mind_n may_v be_v less_o liable_a to_o be_v disturb_v this_o collection_n of_o precept_n reflection_n and_o reason_n they_o name_v the_o art_n of_o live_v or_o the_o art_n of_o lead_v a_o happy_a life_n and_o which_o they_o common_o call_v moral_a philosophy_n because_o it_o comprehend_v such_o doctrine_n as_o relate_v to_o the_o manner_n of_o man_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o accustom_a and_o habitual_a action_n of_o life_n from_o hence_o we_o may_v understand_v that_o this_o part_n of_o philosophy_n be_v not_o only_o speculative_a and_o rest_v in_o the_o bare_a contemplation_n of_o its_o object_n but_o proceed_v to_o action_n and_o that_o it_o be_v as_o we_o usual_o say_v active_a and_o practical_a for_o it_o direct_v and_o govern_v our_o manner_n render_v they_o regular_a and_o agreeable_a with_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n and_o honesty_n so_o that_o in_o this_o respect_n it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o science_n or_o if_o this_o term_n be_v scruple_v at_o we_o may_v call_v it_o the_o art_n of_o do_v well_o i_o only_o make_v this_o supposition_n for_o let_v it_o be_v style_v art_n or_o science_n it_o be_v a_o difference_n only_o in_o name_n which_o depend_v upon_o the_o manner_n of_o understand_v those_o two_o word_n and_o therefore_o require_v no_o further_a scrutiny_n into_o the_o matter_n we_o will_v rather_o take_v notice_n that_o democritus_n epicurus_n and_o divers_a other_o of_o no_o small_a eminency_n have_v have_v so_o high_a a_o esteem_n for_o moral_a philosophy_n that_o they_o have_v judge_v the_o natural_a to_o be_v no_o further_o regard_v than_o only_o as_o it_o be_v find_v useful_a in_o free_v we_o from_o certain_a error_n and_o mistake_v in_o our_o understanding_n which_o may_v disturb_v the_o repose_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o our_o life_n and_o wherein_o it_o may_v be_v serviceable_a to_o moral_a philosophy_n or_o to_o the_o better_a obtain_n of_o that_o knowledge_n which_o teach_v we_o to_o live_v happy_o and_o comfortable_o i_o shall_v not_o mention_v the_o follower_n of_o socrates_n aristippius_n anthistenes_n with_o the_o cyrenaick_n and_o cynic_n who_o altogether_o neglect_v the_o natural_a give_v themselves_o entire_o over_o to_o the_o study_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n consider_v with_o socrates_n what_o may_v make_v for_o the_o good_a or_o ill_a of_o family_n and_o what_o may_v contribute_v to_o the_o grief_n and_o disturbance_n of_o man_n life_n quid_fw-la siet_fw-la in_o domibus_fw-la fortasse_fw-la malumve_fw-la bonumve_fw-la we_o may_v also_o here_o observe_v that_o though_o socrates_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v the_o inventor_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n this_o be_v only_o to_o be_v understand_v so_o far_o as_o he_o do_v cultivate_v and_o improve_v a_o new_a and_o considerable_a part_n not_o that_o he_o lay_v the_o first_o and_o original_a precept_n of_o it_o for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o before_o he_o pythagoras_n have_v much_o improve_v this_o sort_n of_o knowledge_n and_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o he_o common_o assert_v that_o the_o discourser_n of_o a_o philosopher_n that_o cure_v not_o the_o mind_n of_o some_o passion_n be_v vain_a and_o useless_a as_o the_o physic_n that_o drive_v not_o away_o the_o distemper_n from_o the_o body_n be_v insignificant_a it_o be_v likewise_o very_o certain_a that_o the_o wise_a man_n of_o greece_n who_o live_v a_o little_a before_o pythagoras_n be_v name_v wise_a only_o because_o they_o addict_v themselves_o to_o the_o study_n of_o moral_a wisdom_n therefore_o at_o this_o present_a time_n their_o famous_a sentence_n that_o relate_v to_o man_n manner_n be_v general_o know_v all_o over_o the_o world_n we_o may_v add_v if_o we_o will_v make_v far_o search_v into_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o hero_n that_o we_o shall_v find_v orpheus_n by_o this_o same_o study_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n draw_v the_o man_n of_o his_o time_n off_o from_o their_o barbarous_a and_o savage_a way_n of_o live_v which_o give_v occasion_n of_o that_o say_v of_o he_o that_o he_o tame_v the_o tiger_n and_o the_o lion_n as_o horace_n describe_v orpheus_n inspire_v by_o more_o than_o human_a power_n do_v not_o as_o poet_n feign_v tame_v savage_a beast_n but_o man_n as_o lawless_a and_o as_o wild_a as_o they_o and_o first_o dissuade_v they_o from_o rage_n and_o blood_n thus_o when_o amphion_n build_v the_o theban_a wall_n they_o feign_v the_o stone_n obey_v his_o magic_a lute_n in_o a_o word_n it_o be_v morality_n that_o first_o set_v a_o mark_n of_o distinction_n between_o public_a and_o private_a good_a settle_v our_o right_n and_o authority_n and_o give_v law_n and_o rule_n for_o regulate_a society_n as_o the_o same_o poet_n express_v when_o man_n yet_o new_a no_o rule_n but_o uncorrupted_a reason_n know_v and_o with_o a_o native_a bent_n do_v good_a pursue_v unforced_a by_o punishment_n unaw_v by_o fear_n his_o word_n be_v simple_a and_o his_o soul_n sincere_a no_o suppliant_a crowd_n before_o the_o judge_n appear_v no_o court_n erect_v yet_o no_o cause_n be_v hear_v but_o all_o be_v safe_a for_o conscience_n be_v their_o guard_n however_o we_o must_v acknowledge_v ourselves_o much_o indebt_v to_o socrates_n as_o to_o moral_a philosophy_n since_o by_o his_o apply_v himself_o
out_o the_o strange_a mean_n to_o deliver_v ourselves_o from_o it_o and_o to_o procure_v our_o death_n et_fw-la saepe_fw-la usque_fw-la adeo_fw-la mortis_fw-la formidine_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la percipit_fw-la ingratos_fw-la odium_fw-la lucisque_fw-la videnda_fw-la ut_fw-la sibi_fw-la conciscant_n moerenti_fw-la pectore_fw-la lethum_fw-la but_o this_o extraordinary_a fear_n cause_v by_o degree_n a_o certain_a kind_n of_o melancholy_n which_o depress_v the_o heart_n enfeeble_v the_o spirit_n and_o obstruct_v all_o the_o operation_n of_o life_n it_o stop_v digestion_n and_o draw_v upon_o we_o many_o disease_n that_o be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o death_n however_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o stoic_n be_v not_o only_o contrary_a to_o the_o sacred_a precept_n of_o our_o religion_n but_o be_v also_o contrary_a to_o nature_n and_o right_a reason_n we_o must_v except_v some_o certain_a person_n who_o be_v direct_v by_o a_o particular_a and_o divine_a instinct_n have_v be_v instrumental_a in_o procure_v their_o own_o death_n as_o samson_n and_o other_o in_o the_o old-testament_n and_o sophronia_n and_o pelagia_n since_o the_o new_a for_o nature_n furnish_v all_o sort_n of_o animal_n with_o a_o natural_a love_n of_o life_n and_o there_o be_v none_o beside_o man_n let_v they_o be_v torment_v with_o never_o so_o grievous_a pain_n but_o labour_n to_o preserve_v life_n as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v and_o to_o avoid_v death_n this_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o none_o but_o man_n do_v by_o his_o mistake_a opinion_n corrupt_v the_o institution_n of_o nature_n when_o he_o refuse_v the_o benefit_n of_o life_n and_o advance_v his_o death_n he_o act_v then_o by_o a_o wickedness_n peculiar_a to_o himself_o for_o the_o true_a state_n of_o nature_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o general_a body_n of_o the_o creature_n and_o not_o in_o some_o few_o individual_n of_o one_o single_a species_n that_o hasten_v their_o own_o destruction_n and_o cast_v away_o themselves_o before_o the_o time_n appoint_v by_o nature_n from_o hence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o such_o be_v injurious_a to_o god_n and_o nature_n who_o be_v design_v and_o order_v to_o perform_v a_o certain_a race_n stop_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o their_o course_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n and_o who_o be_v appoint_v to_o watch_v forsake_v and_o abandon_v their_o post_n without_o wait_v for_o order_n from_o their_o superior_n beside_o reason_n forbid_v we_o to_o be_v cruel_a against_o the_o innocent_a who_o never_o do_v we_o any_o harm_n and_o by_o consequence_n it_o do_v allow_v that_o we_o shall_v act_v inhuman_o upon_o ourselves_o from_o who_o we_o never_o experience_v any_o hatred_n but_o rather_o too_o much_o love_n moreover_o upon_o what_o occasion_n can_v our_o virtue_n appear_v more_o conspicuous_a than_o in_o suffer_v courageous_o the_o evil_n that_o our_o hard_a fortune_n impose_v upon_o we_o to_o die_v say_v aristotle_n because_o of_o our_o poverty_n or_o for_o love_n or_o for_o some_o other_o mischievous_a accident_n be_v not_o the_o act_n of_o a_o man_n of_o spirit_n and_o courage_n but_o of_o a_o mean_a and_o timorous_a soul_n for_o it_o be_v the_o part_n of_o a_o weak_a mind_n to_o shun_v and_o fly_v from_o thing_n hard_a to_o be_v endure_v stout_a man_n say_v curtius_n be_v wont_a to_o despise_v death_n rather_o than_o to_o hate_v life_n it_o be_v the_o trouble_n and_o impatience_n of_o suffer_v that_o carry_v the_o coward_n to_o base_a action_n that_o make_v they_o despise_v and_o scorn_v virtue_n leave_v nothing_o unattempted_a and_o death_n be_v the_o last_o thing_n with_o which_o we_o must_v encounter_n but_o not_o as_o timorous_a lazy_a and_o unwilling_a soul_n i_o shall_v not_o here_o stay_v to_o examine_v the_o opinion_n of_o those_o who_o imagine_v say_v lactantius_n that_o the_o soul_n be_v eternal_a have_v therefore_o kill_v themselves_o as_o cleanthes_n chrysippus_n and_o zeno_n expect_v to_o be_v transport_v at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o heaven_n or_o as_o empedocles_n who_o cast_v himself_o in_o the_o night_n into_o the_o flame_n of_o mount-aetna_n that_o by_o disappear_v so_o sudden_o the_o world_n may_v think_v that_o he_o be_v go_v to_o the_o god_n or_o as_o cato_z who_o be_v during_o his_o life-time_n a_o follower_n of_o the_o vanity_n of_o the_o stoic_n who_o before_o he_o kill_v himself_o as_o it_o be_v report_a have_v read_v plato_n be_v book_n of_o the_o eternity_n of_o the_o soul_n or_o final_o as_o cleombrotus_n who_o after_o he_o have_v read_v the_o same_o book_n cast_v himself_o down_o a_o precipice_n this_o be_v a_o curse_a and_o abominable_a doctrine_n that_o drive_v man_n out_o of_o their_o life_n neither_o shall_v i_o trouble_v myself_o with_o that_o cyrenaic_a of_o hegesius_fw-la who_o dispute_v so_o elegant_o concern_v the_o misery_n of_o life_n and_o the_o bless_a place_n of_o the_o soul_n after_o death_n that_o king_n ptolemy_n be_v force_v to_o forbid_v he_o to_o speak_v in_o public_a because_o so_o many_o of_o his_o disciple_n after_o they_o have_v hear_v he_o destroy_v themselves_o as_o cicero_n report_v and_o some_o other_o for_o the_o evil_n that_o we_o endure_v in_o this_o life_n may_v happen_v to_o be_v so_o great_a and_o increase_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o when_o the_o time_n of_o death_n be_v come_v the_o loss_n of_o life_n may_v not_o be_v unpleasant_a and_o that_o in_o such_o a_o case_n death_n may_v be_v esteem_v as_o the_o haven_n that_o shelter_n we_o from_o the_o misery_n and_o torment_n of_o life_n but_o to_o aggravate_v our_o affliction_n so_o far_o as_o to_o beget_v in_o we_o a_o scorn_n and_o hatred_n of_o life_n be_v to_o be_v injurious_a and_o unthankful_a to_o nature_n as_o if_o the_o gift_n of_o life_n that_o have_v be_v bestow_v upon_o we_o for_o our_o use_n be_v to_o be_v rash_o cast_v away_o or_o as_o if_o we_o be_v not_o to_o accept_v of_o it_o any_o long_o nor_o honest_o and_o quiet_o to_o enjoy_v it_o as_o long_o as_o be_v possible_a it_o be_v true_a what_o theognis_n say_v former_o that_o it_o be_v much_o better_o for_o man_n not_o to_o be_v bear_v or_o to_o die_v as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v bear_v be_v a_o celebrate_v say_v non_fw-la nasci_fw-la res_fw-la est_fw-la mortalibus_fw-la optima_fw-la long_o nec_fw-la solis_fw-la radiis_fw-la acre_n videre_fw-la jubar_fw-la aut_fw-la natum_fw-la ditis_fw-la quamprimum_fw-la lumen_fw-la adire_fw-la this_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o example_n of_o cleobis_n of_o biton_n of_o agamedes_n of_o pindarus_n and_o of_o some_o other_o who_o have_v petition_v the_o god_n to_o grant_v to_o they_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v best_o and_o most_o desirable_a be_v admit_v to_o this_o great_a favour_n to_o die_v in_o a_o short_a time_n answerable_a to_o this_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o thracian_n who_o weep_v at_o the_o birth_n of_o their_o child_n but_o congratulated_n the_o happiness_n of_o such_o as_o died._n not_o to_o mention_v menander_n who_o wish_v a_o young_a man_n dead_a because_o he_o be_v well_o belove_v by_o the_o go_n quem_fw-la diligunt_fw-la dii_fw-la juvenis_fw-la ipse_fw-la interit_fw-la nor_o to_o say_v any_o thing_n of_o that_o famous_a sentence_n vitam_fw-la nemo_fw-la acciperet_fw-la si_fw-la daretur_fw-la scientibus_fw-la that_o no_o body_n will_v accept_v of_o life_n willing_o if_o it_o be_v give_v to_o they_o that_o know_v what_o it_o be_v but_o pray_v who_o will_v believe_v that_o theognis_n and_o the_o rest_n have_v speak_v serious_o and_o without_o any_o restriction_n i_o say_v without_o any_o restriction_n for_o if_o they_o will_v have_v it_o that_o it_o be_v better_a for_o such_o only_a who_o be_v to_o be_v miserable_a all_o their_o life_n that_o they_o have_v not_o be_v bear_v or_o to_o have_v die_v at_o the_o very_a moment_n of_o their_o birth_n the_o say_v may_v be_v tolerable_a and_o allowable_a but_o to_o speak_v this_o in_o relation_n to_o all_o man_n be_v to_o affront_v nature_n the_o mistress_n both_o of_o our_o life_n and_o death_n that_o have_v order_v and_o appoint_v our_o birth_n and_o our_o dissolution_n as_o she_o have_v all_o other_o thing_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o universe_n it_o be_v to_o expose_v ourselves_o to_o be_v contradict_v if_o not_o by_o all_o yet_o by_o the_o most_o part_n of_o man_n who_o be_v not_o weary_a of_o life_n but_o seek_v to_o preserve_v it_o as_o careful_o as_o they_o can_v for_o life_n as_o we_o have_v already_o observe_v have_v something_o in_o it_o very_o please_a and_o lovely_a therefore_o he_o that_o speak_v in_o this_o manner_n shall_v feel_v himself_o bind_v and_o hold_v fast_o and_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o he_o may_v be_v like_o the_o old_a man_n in_o aesop_n who_o send_v death_n back_o again_o though_o he_o have_v often_o call_v for_o it_o before_o or_o like_o another_o who_o refuse_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o dagger_n that_o he_o have_v desire_v to_o be_v
in_o that_o crown_n of_o gold_n which_o the_o king_n have_v dedicate_v to_o the_o go_n he_o thereupon_o as_o he_o be_v go_v out_o of_o the_o bath_n transpor_v with_o joy_n cry_v out_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d there_o be_v nothing_o say_v cicero_n more_o pleasant_a than_o the_o sweet_a repose_n of_o a_o learned_a old_a age._n we_o see_v gallus_n your_o father_n friend_n die_v for_o joy_n in_o the_o speculation_n of_o the_o star_n and_o measure_v the_o heaven_n and_o the_o earth_n how_o many_o time_n have_v he_o surprise_v he_o from_o morning_n until_o the_o evening_n when_o he_o have_v undertake_v to_o describe_v something_o of_o the_o star_n and_o how_o many_o a_o night_n have_v he_o find_v he_o in_o the_o evening_n when_o he_o have_v begin_v from_o the_o morning_n o_o what_o pleasure_n do_v he_o take_v to_o foretell_v the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n for_o the_o other_o liberal_a art_n it_o be_v know_v what_o recreation_n the_o knowledge_n of_o history_n and_o antiquity_n the_o beauty_n of_o poetry_n and_o the_o grace_n of_o rhetoric_n give_v these_o study_n say_v cicero_n be_v delightful_a employment_n for_o youth_n be_v please_v to_o old_a age_n be_v ornament_n in_o prosperity_n and_o a_o grateful_a security_n in_o adversity_n haec_fw-la studia_fw-la adolescentiam_fw-la alunt_fw-la senectutem_fw-la oblectant_fw-la secundas_fw-la res_fw-la ornant_fw-la adversis_fw-la perfugium_fw-la &_o solatium_fw-la praebent_fw-la delectant_fw-la domi_fw-la non_fw-la impudiunt_fw-la foris_fw-la pernoctant_fw-la nobiscum_fw-la peregrinantur_fw-la rusticantur_fw-la they_o afford_v pleasure_n at_o home_n they_o be_v not_o troublesome_a to_o we_o abroad_o they_o continue_v with_o we_o sleep_v they_o accompany_v we_o in_o our_o travel_n they_o go_v along_o with_o we_o in_o the_o field_n how_o mean_v be_v the_o delight_n of_o banquet_a of_o play_n of_o woman_n when_o compare_v with_o these_o pleasure_n man_n free_o spend_v whole_a day_n and_o night_n in_o pursuit_n of_o learning_n and_o think_v no_o pain_n too_o great_a to_o be_v bestow_v in_o obtain_v it_o so_o great_a and_o exquisite_a be_v the_o pleasure_n thereof_o when_o acquire_v omnia_fw-la prepetiuntur_fw-la ipsa_fw-la cognition_n &_o scientia_fw-la capti_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la maximis_fw-la curis_fw-la &_o laboribus_fw-la compensant_fw-la eam_fw-la quam_fw-la ex_fw-la discendo_fw-la capiunt_fw-la voluptatem_fw-la for_o the_o other_o part_n of_o virtue_n which_o be_v common_o call_v moral_a virtue_n we_o shall_v be_v oblige_v hereafter_o to_o treat_v of_o it_o more_o at_o large_a where_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o its_o four_o kind_n viz._n prudence_n fortitude_n temperance_n and_o justice_n only_o suppose_v at_o present_a that_o it_o be_v a_o undoubted_a truth_n that_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o pleasant_a than_o to_o lead_v a_o life_n not_o liable_a to_o reproach_n a_o life_n that_o be_v innocent_a and_o void_a of_o offence_n free_a from_o the_o check_n and_o remorse_n of_o a_o guilty_a conscience_n and_o so_o to_o govern_v all_o our_o action_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o honesty_n and_o prudence_n as_o not_o to_o fail_v in_o any_o of_o the_o duty_n of_o life_n to_o wrong_v no_o body_n to_o do_v good_a to_o every_o one_o as_o much_o as_o be_v possible_a suppose_v i_o say_v such_o maxim_n to_o be_v true_a which_o we_o shall_v have_v hereafter_o occasion_n to_o mention_v i_o shall_v here_o take_v notice_n of_o three_o thing_n first_o that_o it_o be_v not_o without_o great_a reason_n that_o we_o compare_v virtue_n to_o a_o plant_n who_o root_n be_v bitter_a but_o the_o fruit_n very_o sweet_a and_o that_o plato_n xenophon_n and_o several_a other_o have_v high_o commend_v those_o verse_n of_o hesiod_n that_o inform_v we_o that_o virtue_n be_v not_o to_o be_v attain_v without_o labour_n and_o sweat_v and_o that_o the_o way_n that_o lead_v to_o it_o be_v true_o long_a and_o difficult_a and_o of_o a_o uneasy_a access_n in_o the_o beginning_n but_o when_o ever_o mount_v to_o the_o top_n there_o be_v nothing_o sweet_a nor_o more_o pleasant_a the_o god_n through_o sweat_n and_o pain_n to_o virtue_n lead_v but_o long_o and_o arduous_a be_v the_o path_n we_o tread_v rugged_a and_o steep_a when_o first_o you_o venture_v on_o but_o at_o the_o top_n arrive_v with_o easy_a speed_n you_o run_v unto_o which_o we_o ought_v to_o add_v that_o sentence_n of_o epicharmus_n that_o the_o god_n afford_v to_o we_o no_o good_a thing_n but_o for_o our_o labour_n and_o pain_n labour_n nobis_fw-la cuncta_fw-la dii_fw-la vendunt_fw-la bona_fw-la which_o give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o we_o ought_v free_o to_o endure_v the_o labour_n that_o occur_v in_o the_o way_n to_o virtue_n because_o they_o be_v attend_v with_o wonderful_a pleasure_n and_o satisfaction_n nor_o be_v that_o story_n without_o ground_n where_o pleasure_n and_o virtue_n be_v suppose_v to_o meet_v in_o a_o double_a way_n and_o each_o of_o they_o to_o use_v the_o strong_a motive_n to_o incline_v hercules_n to_o follow_v they_o in_o their_o different_a path_n for_o that_o confirm_v the_o truth_n of_o those_o rule_n that_o be_v before_o allege_v when_o we_o take_v notice_n that_o we_o ought_v to_o shun_v that_o pleasure_n which_o be_v attend_v with_o a_o great_a mischief_n as_o we_o ought_v to_o embrace_v those_o labour_n and_o toil_n which_o will_v procure_v we_o great_a advantage_n and_o delight_n i_o know_v very_o well_o how_o they_o have_v represent_v hercules_n reject_v pleasure_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o easy_a and_o effeminate_a life_n to_o pursue_v virtue_n which_o be_v a_o life_n full_a of_o labour_n and_o difficulty_n nevertheless_o maximus_n of_o tyre_n say_v very_o well_o that_o when_o he_o be_v under_o the_o great_a labour_n he_o feel_v or_o have_v a_o prospect_n of_o wonderful_a pleasure_n you_o see_v say_v he_o in_o hercules_n extraordinary_a labour_n but_o you_o see_v not_o the_o incredible_a pleasure_n that_o either_o attend_v or_o succeed_v they_o whosoever_o take_v away_o pleasure_n from_o virtue_n take_v from_o it_o all_o strength_n and_o efficacy_n for_o be_v it_o not_o for_o pleasure_n man_n will_v never_o undertake_v any_o great_a matter_n and_o he_o who_o out_o of_o zeal_n for_o virtue_n willing_o undergo_v any_o trouble_n this_o be_v pure_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o some_o pleasure_n he_o feel_v or_o expect_v for_o as_o in_o hoard_v up_o of_o treasure_n no_o man_n will_v prefer_v a_o pibble_n before_o a_o ruby_n nor_o brass_n before_o gold_n unless_o he_o be_v utter_o destitute_a of_o all_o reason_n and_o understanding_n so_o in_o respect_n of_o labour_n and_o trouble_v no_o man_n labour_v mere_o and_o pure_o for_o labour_n sake_n this_o will_v turn_v to_o a_o very_a sorry_a account_n but_o we_o willing_o exchange_v the_o present_a labour_n for_o virtue_n that_o be_v in_o plain_a english_a as_o the_o stoic_n term_v it_o for_o pleasure_n for_o who_o speak_v of_o virtue_n speak_v of_o delight_n and_o virtue_n itself_o will_v be_v much_o neglect_v if_o at_o the_o same_o time_n it_o be_v not_o attend_v with_o delight_n for_o my_o part_n i_o must_v declare_v that_o i_o run_v quite_o counter_a to_o the_o common_a vogue_n for_o i_o look_v upon_o pleasure_n to_o be_v the_o most_o beautiful_a the_o most_o desirable_a thing_n in_o the_o world_n and_o that_o which_o we_o ought_v the_o most_o strict_o to_o pursue_v and_o for_o its_o sake_n it_o be_v i_o believe_v that_o man_n so_o frequent_o expose_v themselves_o to_o all_o hazard_n and_o danger_n and_o even_o encounter_v death_n itself_o for_o though_o we_o be_v apt_a to_o give_v divers_a name_n to_o the_o cause_n that_o first_o move_v we_o to_o undertake_v such_o great_a thing_n as_o for_o instance_n that_o which_o put_v achilles_n upon_o die_v voluntary_o for_o patrocles_n we_o call_v friendship_n that_o which_o incline_v agamemnon_n to_o enter_v into_o and_o carry_v on_o a_o war_n with_o so_o much_o care_n and_o fatigue_n be_v the_o care_n of_o preserve_v his_o kingdom_n that_o of_o hector_n so_o frequent_a encamp_a and_o defeat_v his_o enemy_n be_v the_o desire_n to_o preserve_v his_o country_n all_o these_o several_a term_n be_v but_o other_o name_n for_o pleasure_n and_o as_o in_o the_o distemper_n of_o the_o body_n the_o patient_n for_o want_v of_o health_n not_o only_o free_o submit_v himself_o to_o hunger_n and_o thirst_n but_o also_o willing_o undergo_v the_o most_o virulent_a pain_n and_o torment_n of_o surgeon_n instrument_n but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o this_o hope_n he_o will_v never_o endure_v such_o torture_n so_o in_o the_o action_n of_o life_n there_o be_v a_o compensation_n for_o the_o trouble_n that_o we_o undergo_v with_o pleasure_n which_o you_o true_o term_v virtue_n and_o which_o i_o allow_v so_o to_o be_v but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n i_o demand_v whether_o your_o mind_n do_v embrace_v virtue_n without_o any_o love_n for_o it_o and_o if_o you_o yield_v to_o this_o that_o you_o have_v such_o
a_o love_n ought_v you_o not_o to_o agree_v also_o that_o you_o have_v a_o pleasure_n in_o it_o vary_v the_o term_n as_o much_o as_o you_o please_v call_v it_o neither_o pleasure_n nor_o delight_n but_o joy_n or_o satisfaction_n i_o shall_v not_o differ_v about_o name_n i_o look_v only_o to_o the_o thing_n itself_o and_o i_o find_v that_o pleasure_n or_o satisfaction_n put_v hercules_n on_o action_n the_o second_o observation_n that_o i_o make_v be_v that_o the_o philosopher_n themselves_o who_o have_v declare_v open_a war_n with_o pleasure_n whereby_o to_o advance_v their_o virtue_n and_o so_o to_o become_v more_o remarkable_a dont_fw-fr differ_v so_o much_o from_o epicurus_n in_o the_o thing_n as_o in_o the_o term._n i_o may_v here_o with_o lucian_n mention_v their_o way_n and_o manner_n who_o tell_v they_o that_o if_o they_o have_v the_o ring_n of_o gyges_n and_o the_o helmet_n of_o pluto_n so_o that_o they_o may_v become_v invisible_a to_o the_o world_n they_o will_v soon_o forsake_v their_o belove_a labour_n their_o pain_n and_o toil_n and_o hunt_v after_o those_o pleasure_n and_o delight_n that_o they_o seem_v to_o slight_v and_o condemn_v maximus_n of_o tyre_n compare_v they_o with_o aesop_n sheperd_n who_o be_v ask_v by_o a_o lion_n in_o pursuit_n of_o a_o buck_n whether_o he_o have_v see_v it_o answer_v no_o but_o with_o his_o finger_n point_v at_o the_o place_n where_o it_o flee_v thus_o these_o pretender_n to_o virtue_n when_o they_o disclaim_v against_o pleasure_n it_o be_v only_o in_o word_n and_o in_o show_n but_o to_o pass_v by_o their_o manner_n which_o do_v it_o any_o way_n correspond_v with_o their_o word_n it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o let_v you_o know_v that_o epicurus_n as_o well_o as_o they_o embrace_n and_o esteem_v virtue_n very_o high_o and_o that_o when_o they_o storm_v so_o much_o against_o he_o it_o be_v because_o he_o maintain_v that_o virtue_n be_v only_o a_o mean_n very_o proper_a to_o attain_v our_o end_n or_o chief_a good_a whereas_o they_o assert_v that_o virtue_n itself_o be_v the_o last_o end_n and_o chief_a good_n so_o that_o in_o effect_n they_o declare_v the_o very_a same_o thing_n as_o he_o do_v though_o in_o different_a word_n and_o true_o these_o be_v their_o own_o expression_n so_o often_o celebrate_v among_o they_o that_o virtue_n be_v sufficient_a of_o itself_o to_o make_v we_o happy_a or_o as_o cicero_n say_v that_o to_o live_v happy_o we_o need_v only_o be_v virtuous_a now_o if_o we_o right_o understand_v this_o maxim_n we_o must_v necessary_o perceive_v thereby_o that_o virtue_n itself_o be_v not_o the_o chief_a good_a but_o a_o mean_n that_o contribute_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n to_o obtain_v it_o that_o it_o be_v alone_o sufficient_a for_o that_o purpose_n without_o have_v need_n of_o the_o assistance_n of_o any_o thing_n else_o and_o consequent_o we_o may_v thereby_o perceive_v that_o a_o happy_a life_n or_o true_a felicity_n which_o be_v obtain_v by_o virtue_n be_v the_o chief_a good_a or_o the_o last_o end_n because_o this_o good_a or_o this_o end_n be_v for_o itself_o and_o tend_v not_o to_o obtain_v afterward_o any_o thing_n else_o and_o now_o to_o live_v happy_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o live_v agreeable_o content_o and_o with_o delight_n and_o if_o we_o may_v be_v permit_v to_o add_v the_o other_o word_n which_o offend_v so_o much_o with_o pleasure_n certain_o though_o the_o stoic_n deal_v not_o so_o plain_o as_o aristotle_n who_o hold_v that_o pleasure_n be_v mix_v with_o happiness_n and_o that_o by_o pleasure_n the_o contemplation_n or_o operation_n of_o happiness_n be_v increase_v yet_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o a_o happy_a life_n can_v be_v fancy_v to_o be_v real_o void_a of_o delight_n and_o pleasure_n they_o will_v render_v it_o so_o barren_a and_o desolate_a that_o in_o ascend_v their_o steep_a and_o craggy_a mountain_n of_o virtue_n they_o will_v never_o endure_v so_o many_o hardship_n and_o danger_n if_o they_o be_v not_o encourage_v with_o the_o hope_n of_o happiness_n when_o they_o arrive_v at_o the_o top_n and_o socrates_n himself_o who_o resolution_n and_o courage_n they_o desire_v have_v he_o not_o plain_o describe_v happiness_n to_o be_v a_o pleasure_n which_o be_v not_o attend_v with_o repentance_n and_o antisthenes_n the_o father_n of_o the_o cynic_n and_o the_o author_n of_o that_o famous_a maxim_n of_o the_o stoic_n that_o he_o will_v rather_o become_v a_o idiot_n than_o seek_v after_o pleasure_n do_v he_o not_o yield_v to_o this_o in_o the_o write_n of_o stobeus_n venandas_n esse_fw-la eas_fw-la voluptales_fw-la non_fw-la quae_fw-la labores_fw-la aut_fw-la molestias_fw-la praecedunt_fw-la sed_fw-la quae_fw-la consequuntur_fw-la that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o seek_v after_o those_o pleasure_n which_o go_v before_o our_o labour_n and_o difficulty_n but_o such_o as_o follow_v but_o to_o show_v still_o more_o plain_o how_o pleasure_n accompany_v a_o cynical_a life_n which_o the_o stoic_n themselves_z though_o they_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o austere_a and_o grievous_a yet_o nevertheless_o happy_a we_o need_v but_o hearken_v once_o more_o to_o maximus_n of_o tyre_n who_o the_o best_a of_o any_o have_v represent_v this_o life_n speak_v of_o diogenes_n what_o say_v he_o make_v diogenes_n to_o retire_v into_o his_o tub_n be_v it_o not_o pleasure_n for_o though_o it_o be_v also_o virtue_n that_o make_v he_o abide_v there_o why_o must_v we_o separate_v his_o pleasure_n from_o his_o reason_n diogenes_n be_v as_o well_o please_v in_o his_o tub_n as_o xerxes_n in_o the_o city_n of_o babylon_n and_o in_o feed_v upon_o his_o boil_a barley_n and_o dry_a bread_n as_o smindrides_n upon_o his_o dainty_a dish_n and_o exquisite_a fare_n he_o be_v as_o well_o satisfy_v in_o the_o sun_n as_o sardanapalus_n be_v in_o the_o purple_a garment_n with_o his_o staff_n in_o his_o hand_n as_o alexander_z with_o his_o lance_n with_o his_o wallet_n at_o his_o back_n as_o croesus_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o treasure_n and_o if_o you_o please_v to_o compare_v the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o one_o with_o those_o of_o the_o other_o you_o shall_v find_v the_o pleasure_n of_o diogenes_n to_o be_v prefer_v because_o pain_n and_o trouble_v have_v always_o from_o every_o side_n come_v to_o disturb_v the_o pleasure_n of_o those_o man_n who_o seem_v to_o be_v happy_a when_o xerxes_n be_v overcome_v he_o weep_v cambyses_n be_v wound_v fall_v into_o sorrow_n sardanapalus_n groan_v in_o the_o flame_n when_o smyndrides_n be_v banish_v he_o be_v trouble_v when_o croesus_n be_v prisoner_n he_o shed_v tear_n and_o alexander_n be_v stop_v in_o his_o war_n complain_v but_o the_o pleasure_n of_o diogenes_n be_v free_a from_o complaint_n cry_n tear_n and_o displeasure_n you_o may_v call_v labour_n and_o troublesome_a action_n those_o sort_n of_o pleasure_n if_o you_o shall_v put_v yourself_o in_o diogenes_n place_n but_o this_o be_v not_o fair_a for_o if_o you_o shall_v do_v what_o he_o do_v you_o may_v be_v grieve_v with_o what_o diogenes_n make_v his_o pleasure_n and_o yet_o i_o dare_v affirm_v that_o never_o any_o man_n have_v a_o more_o earnest_a desire_n for_o pleasure_n than_o diogenes_n have_v he_o have_v no_o house_n the_o care_n of_o a_o family_n be_v troublesome_a he_o be_v never_o concern_v in_o the_o government_n it_o be_v a_o employment_n full_a of_o sorrow_n he_o shun_v matrimony_n for_o he_o have_v hear_v the_o fame_n of_o xantippe_n he_o never_o bring_v up_o child_n he_o understand_v well_o the_o difficulty_n but_o have_v banish_v from_o himself_o all_o sorrow_n be_v altogether_o free_a void_a of_o care_n fear_v or_o grief_n he_o alone_o among_o man_n enjoy_v all_o the_o earth_n as_o a_o single_a and_o common_a house_n full_o possess_v the_o pleasure_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v circumscribe_v and_o which_o be_v free_a and_o open_a to_o all_o the_o world_n and_o which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v plentiful_o in_o every_o place_n verum_fw-la depulsa_fw-la omni_fw-la molestia_fw-la plenus_fw-la libertate_fw-la expers_fw-la solicitudinis_fw-la absque_fw-la metu_fw-la citra_fw-la dolorem_fw-la habebat_fw-la unus_fw-la hominum_fw-la universam_fw-la rerum_fw-la quasi_fw-la unam_fw-la domum_fw-la voluptatibus_fw-la passim_fw-la fruens_fw-la incustoditis_fw-la patentibus_fw-la cópiosis_n the_o three_o observation_n be_v that_o notwithstanding_o some_o do_v so_o much_o talk_v and_o glory_n of_o act_v by_o principle_n out_o of_o love_n to_o virtue_n yet_o upon_o a_o strict_a enquiry_n we_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o pleasure_n be_v their_o chief_a motive_n for_o they_o that_o expose_v themselves_o to_o hazard_n and_o danger_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o a_o friend_n or_o for_o the_o deliverance_n of_o their_o country_n and_o that_o defy_v even_o death_n itself_o which_o they_o know_v to_o be_v unavoidable_a do_v all_o this_o in_o expectation_n of_o some_o pleasure_n or_o satisfaction_n which_o they_o shall_v enjoy_v after_o death_n but_o still_o it_o be_v present_a pleasure_n
with_o constancy_n and_o patience_n such_o a_o one_o i_o say_v thus_o resolve_v and_o prepare_v if_o he_o be_v engage_v in_o a_o busy_a life_n may_v govern_v himself_o that_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o hurry_n and_o encumbrance_n of_o affair_n he_o may_v maintain_v in_o himself_o a_o inward_a repose_n and_o calmness_n of_o mind_n it_o be_v wat_fw-mi claudian_n so_o true_o relate_v of_o theodosius_n the_o great_a and_o which_o we_o without_o flattery_n may_v due_o apply_v to_o our_o present_a monarch_n the_o true_a model_n of_o a_o wise_a prince_n nec_fw-la te_fw-la tot_fw-la limina_fw-la rerum_fw-la aut_fw-la tantum_fw-la turbavit_fw-la onus_fw-la sed_fw-la ut_fw-la altus_fw-la olympi_n vertex_fw-la qui_fw-la spatio_fw-la ventos_fw-la hyemesque_fw-la relinquit_fw-la perpetuum_fw-la nulla_fw-la temeratus_fw-la nube_fw-la serenum_fw-la celsior_fw-la exsurgit_fw-la pluviis_fw-la auditque_fw-la ruentes_fw-la sub_fw-la pedibus_fw-la nimbos_fw-la &_o rauca_fw-la tonitrua_fw-la calcat_fw-la sic_fw-la patience_n animus_fw-la per_fw-la tanta_fw-la negotia_fw-la libre_fw-la emergit_fw-la similisque_fw-la svi_fw-la etc._n etc._n neither_o the_o project_v thought_n of_o deep_a design_n nor_o the_o heavy_a burden_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o he_o support_v can_v disturb_v the_o peace_n of_o his_o mind_n but_o like_o the_o high_a top_n of_o mount_n olympus_n his_o soul_n be_v always_o clear_a and_o serene_a hover_v above_o the_o misty_a cloud_n and_o storm_n of_o thunder_n and_o always_o free_a and_o undisturbed_a like_o itself_o seruat_fw-la inoffensam_fw-la divina_fw-la modestia_fw-la vocem_fw-la temperiem_fw-la servant_n oculi_fw-la nec_fw-la lumina_fw-la fervour_n asperat_fw-la aut_fw-la rabidas_fw-la diffundit_fw-la sanguine_fw-la venas_fw-la quinetiam_fw-la sontes_fw-la expulsa_fw-la corrigis_fw-la ira_fw-la et_fw-la placidus_fw-la delicta_fw-la domas_fw-la nec_fw-la dentibus_fw-la unquam_fw-la instrepis_fw-la horrendum_fw-la fremitu_fw-la nec_fw-la verbera_fw-la poscis_fw-la a_o divine_a modesty_n grace_n his_o voice_n no_o offensive_a word_n drop_v from_o his_o lip_n his_o eye_n be_v never_o see_v to_o sparkle_v with_o anger_n nor_o his_o vein_n distend_v with_o boil_a blood_n he_o know_v how_o to_o reprove_v without_o be_v transport_v and_o calm_o to_o correct_v the_o fail_n of_o other_o nile_n soft_o glide_v along_o without_o vaunt_v of_o its_o strength_n or_o break_v its_o bound_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o useful_a of_o all_o the_o river_n of_o the_o world_n the_o danube_n which_o be_v yet_o large_a and_o more_o rapid_a keep_v within_o its_o bank_n move_v without_o noise_n yea_o the_o ganges_n that_o vast_a river_n pass_v along_o silent_o roll_a its_o wave_n into_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o ocean_n lente_n fluit_fw-la nilus_n sed_fw-la cunctis_fw-la amnibus_fw-la extat_fw-la vtilior_fw-la nullas_fw-la confessus_fw-la murmur_n vires_fw-la acrior_fw-la at_o rapidus_fw-la tacitas_fw-la praetermeat_n ingens_fw-la danubius_n ripas_fw-la eadem_fw-la clementia_fw-la saevi_fw-la gurgitis_fw-la immensum_fw-la deducit_fw-la ad_fw-la ostia_fw-la gangen_n let_v the_o torrent_n roar_v among_o the_o rock_n let_v they_o threaten_v and_o overturn_v bridge_n and_o pursue_v their_o rage_n let_v they_o overwhelm_v or_o carry_v before_o they_o whole_a forest_n it_o be_v peace_n and_o tranquillity_n that_o have_v a_o command_a power_n and_o effect_n far_o great_a than_o violence_n and_o fury_n to_o force_v obedience_n torrentes_fw-la immane_a fremant_fw-la lapsisque_fw-la minentur_fw-la pontibus_fw-la involvant_fw-la spumoso_fw-la vortice_fw-la sylvas_fw-la pax_fw-la majora_fw-la decet_fw-la peragit_fw-la tranquilla_fw-la potestas_fw-la quod_fw-la violenta_fw-la nequit_fw-la mandataque_fw-la fortius_fw-la urget_fw-la imperiosa_fw-la quies_fw-la beside_o when_o thing_n be_v over_o and_o accomplish_v a_o wise_a man_n do_v not_o vaunt_v and_o applaud_v himself_o if_o they_o succeed_v well_o nor_o be_v he_o disturb_v or_o deject_v if_o they_o happen_v amiss_o he_o do_v not_o repent_v of_o the_o measure_n he_o have_v take_v because_o every_o thing_n be_v well_o examine_v and_o due_o consider_v it_o be_v most_o probable_a they_o shall_v succeed_v and_o therefore_o he_o will_v take_v the_o same_o course_n if_o the_o same_o circumstance_n do_v again_o occur_v the_o answer_n of_o photion_n be_v remarkable_a who_o when_o he_o have_v dissuade_v they_o from_o a_o war_n which_o nevertheless_o afterward_o prove_v very_o successful_a though_o i_o be_o very_o glad_a say_v he_o that_o the_o event_n happen_v so_o prosperous_a yet_o i_o do_v it_o at_o all_o repent_v of_o the_o advice_n i_o have_v give_v it_o come_v very_o near_o that_o of_o cicero_n it_o become_v a_o wise_a man_n say_v he_o to_o do_v nothing_o against_o his_o will_n or_o what_o may_v cause_v he_o to_o repent_v to_o do_v all_o thing_n sedate_o and_o deliberate_o with_o a_o grave_a steddiness_n and_o constancy_n of_o mind_n neither_o suppose_v thing_n to_o happen_v by_o a_o unforeseen_a necessity_n nor_o to_o admire_v any_o thing_n as_o new_a and_o unexpected_a but_o to_o abide_v firm_a and_o steadfast_a in_o his_o judgement_n a_o wise_a man_n ought_v not_o to_o despise_v the_o advice_n of_o other_o man_n and_o to_o trust_v too_o rash_o to_o his_o own_o opinion_n but_o have_v well_o weigh_v matter_n he_o ought_v not_o out_o of_o too_o mean_a apprehension_n or_o diffidence_n of_o himself_o to_o suffer_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o vulgar_a to_o sway_v with_o he_o for_o this_o reason_n that_o roman_a temporizer_n deserve_v to_o be_v applaud_v who_o prefer_v the_o safety_n of_o his_o country_n before_o the_o exclamation_n of_o the_o populace_n photion_n be_v of_o the_o same_o temper_n who_o because_o he_o can_v not_o be_v prevail_v upon_o to_o rely_v on_o the_o strength_n of_o his_o soldier_n and_o their_o courage_n and_o head_n they_o on_o to_o battle_n they_o accuse_v he_o of_o cowardice_n but_o he_o make_v they_o this_o prudent_a answer_n my_o brave_a companion_n you_o can_v make_v i_o courageous_a and_o i_o will_v not_o make_v you_o coward_n it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o every_o one_o shall_v understand_v his_o own_o business_n whether_o a_o contemplative_a happiness_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o a_o active_a but_o after_o all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v in_o commendation_n of_o a_o active_a felicity_n aristotle_n have_v reason_n to_o prefer_v a_o speculative_a for_o contemplation_n exert_v the_o most_o excellent_a and_o divine_a part_n of_o ourselves_o and_o beside_o this_o sort_n of_o action_n be_v the_o most_o noble_a innocent_a and_o last_a and_o the_o most_o easy_o set_v on_o work_n we_o shall_v not_o here_o repeat_v what_o have_v be_v before_o say_v upon_o the_o first_o part_n of_o virtue_n to_o show_v wherein_o the_o happiness_n of_o a_o wise_a man_n consist_v or_o the_o satisfaction_n he_o receive_v in_o a_o contemplative_a life_n it_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o recite_v what_o cicero_n very_o learned_o observe_v what_o pleasure_n say_v he_o dont_fw-fr a_o think_n mind_n enjoy_v who_o be_v employ_v night_n and_o day_n in_o contemplation_n and_o study_n what_o extraordinary_a delight_n be_v it_o to_o observe_v the_o motion_n and_o circumference_n of_o the_o world_n the_o infinite_a number_n of_o star_n that_o shine_v in_o the_o heaven_n those_o seven_o planet_n which_o be_v more_o or_o less_o distant_a the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o according_a as_o they_o be_v high_a or_o low_o wander_v and_o uncertain_a in_o their_o motion_n and_o yet_o never_o fail_v to_o fulfil_v their_o course_n in_o their_o appoint_a time_n the_o sight_n and_o consideration_n of_o so_o many_o excellent_a thing_n persuade_v the_o ancient_a philosopher_n to_o proceed_v to_o new_a inquiry_n to_o examine_v into_o the_o cause_n and_o beginning_n of_o the_o world_n from_o whence_o all_o thing_n proceed_v from_o whence_o they_o be_v engender_v what_o differ_v quality_n be_v creep_v into_o their_o composition_n from_o whence_o life_n and_o death_n happen_v how_o the_o alteration_n and_o change_n of_o one_o thing_n into_o another_o come_v to_o pass_v by_o what_o weight_n the_o earth_n be_v support_v and_o how_o balance_v into_o what_o concavity_n the_o water_n be_v confine_v and_o how_o every_o thing_n press_v by_o its_o own_o weight_n natural_o tend_v to_o its_o own_o centre_n thus_o by_o discern_v and_o continual_o meditate_v on_o these_o wonderful_a thing_n we_o at_o last_o arrive_v to_o that_o knowledge_n which_o god_n heretofore_o recommend_v to_o delphos_n namely_o that_o the_o pure_a soul_n have_v shake_v off_o all_o vice_n shall_v know_v itself_o and_o find_v itself_o unite_v to_o the_o divine_a understanding_n or_o be_v this_o procure_v it_o a_o everlasting_a and_o unspeakable_a delight_n for_o the_o contemplation_n upon_o the_o power_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o god_n cause_v it_o to_o have_v a_o strong_a inclination_n for_o eternity_n and_o when_o it_o once_o perceive_v the_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o cause_n guide_v and_o govern_v by_o a_o eternal_a wisdom_n it_o believe_v not_o itself_o confine_v to_o the_o narrow_a limit_n of_o this_o life_n therefore_o it_o consider_v human_a affair_n with_o a_o wonderful_a tranquillity_n it_o incline_v to_o the_o
it_o be_v report_v of_o epaminondas_n that_o he_o send_v back_o the_o king_n ambassador_n with_o the_o gold_n they_o have_v bring_v and_o when_o he_o have_v entertain_v they_o at_o a_o plain_a dinner_n he_o tell_v they_o go_v and_o give_v a_o account_n to_o your_o master_n of_o this_o dinner_n that_o he_o may_v understand_v that_o a_o man_n content_a with_o this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v buy_v with_o mony_n i_o may_v mention_v these_o and_o other_o instance_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n to_o show_v that_o he_o who_o be_v suffice_v with_o so_o little_a that_o even_o poverty_n itself_o will_v afford_v have_v no_o cause_n to_o fear_v the_o frown_n of_o fortune_n or_o the_o necessity_n of_o want_n but_o the_o better_a to_o prevent_v the_o dread_n of_o poverty_n let_v we_o take_v care_n of_o what_o bion_n say_v in_o the_o write_n of_o theletes_n the_o pythagorean_n these_o be_v his_o expression_n if_o thing_n can_v discourse_v as_o we_o do_v will_v they_o not_o as_o i_o may_v so_o say_v accost_v we_o to_o this_o purpose_n why_o do_v thou_o dispute_v against_o i_o o_o man_n be_v thou_o for_o my_o sake_n deprive_v of_o any_o advantage_n of_o temperance_n of_o justice_n of_o fortitude_n be_v thou_o afraid_a that_o thing_n needful_a will_v be_v want_v to_o thou_o what_o be_v not_o the_o highway_n full_a of_o herb_n and_o the_o fountain_n run_v over_o with_o water_n do_v i_o afford_v thou_o all_o over_o the_o earth_n bed_n to_o lie_v down_o upon_o and_o leave_v to_o cover_v thou_o what_o can_v thou_o not_o rejoice_v with_o i_o se_v thou_o not_o gradiaphyrtus_n a_o beggar_n sing_v pleasant_o when_o he_o take_v his_o repast_n have_v not_o i_o provide_v sauce_n for_o thou_o without_o the_o least_o expense_n or_o care_n namely_o hunger_n and_o do_v not_o he_o who_o be_v hungry_a relish_n his_o meal_n savourly_o without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o artificial_a provocation_n just_a as_o he_o who_o be_v thirsty_a drink_v large_a draught_n of_o pure_a water_n with_o great_a desire_n and_o pleasure_n think_v thou_o that_o man_n be_v hungry_a for_o a_o cake_n or_o thirsty_a for_o snow_n and_o be_v not_o these_o the_o thing_n that_o the_o luxury_n and_o the_o debauchery_n of_o corrupt_a man_n require_v a_o description_n of_o the_o indian_a diogenes_n in_o relation_n to_o this_o topick_n i_o think_v i_o ought_v not_o here_o to_o omit_v what_o i_o know_v concern_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o eastern_a indian_n live_v if_o it_o be_v only_o to_o show_v that_o all_o these_o fine_a thing_n that_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o be_v not_o only_o bare_a philosophical_a speculation_n but_o that_o there_o be_v whole_a nation_n who_o lead_v as_o spare_v a_o life_n and_o be_v satisfy_v with_o as_o little_a either_o for_o eat_v or_o drink_v or_o for_o clothing_n as_o all_o the_o cynic_n stoic_n or_o epicurean_o ever_o be_v in_o india_n there_o be_v many_o fakir_n or_o religious_a idolater_n who_o as_o well_o as_o diogenes_n walk_v all_o naked_a and_o have_v no_o other_o shoe_n to_o their_o foot_n but_o their_o brawny_a sole_n no_o other_o cover_v for_o their_o head_n but_o their_o long_a hair_n oil_v tress_v up_o and_o wreathe_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o their_o head_n no_o other_o ornament_n to_o their_o finger_n but_o long_a nail_n turn_v like_o claw_n and_o sometime_o as_o long_o as_o half_o the_o little_a finger_n their_o house_n be_v the_o gallery_n of_o their_o temple_n their_o bed_n be_v three_o inch_n thick_a of_o ash_n and_o when_o they_o go_v in_o pilgrimage_n they_o have_v the_o skin_n of_o a_o tiger_n of_o a_o lion_n or_o of_o a_o leopard_n dry_v in_o the_o sun_n which_o they_o spread_v upon_o the_o ground_n only_o to_o sit_v upon_o their_o drink_n be_v pure_a water_n and_o their_o food_n when_o they_o be_v supply_v by_o way_n of_o alm_n a_o pound_n of_o kichery_n which_o be_v a_o certain_a mixture_n of_o rice_n with_o two_o or_o three_o sort_n of_o lentil_n all_o boil_a together_o in_o water_n with_o salt_n upon_o which_o they_o put_v a_o little_a sorry_a butter_n the_o manner_n of_o live_v of_o the_o brahman_n or_o bragmanes_n differ_v in_o nothing_o from_o that_o of_o the_o fakir_n either_o in_o quantity_n or_o quality_n for_o their_o chief_a and_o most_o substantial_a eat_v be_v always_o kichery_n never_o any_o flesh_n never_o any_o drink_n but_o water_n the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o merchant_n who_o we_o name_v banyan_o if_o they_o be_v never_o so_o rich_a live_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n their_o food_n be_v neither_o more_o plentiful_a nor_o more_o delicious_a than_o that_o of_o the_o brahman_n and_o nevertheless_o they_o live_v as_o content_v as_o quiet_a and_o pleasant_a as_o we_o do_v and_o far_o more_o healthy_a at_o least_o full_a as_o strong_a and_o lusty_a as_o we_o be_v the_o second_o book_n of_o virtue_n in_o general_z chap._n i._o of_o virtue_n in_o general_n in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o must_v take_v notice_n that_o aristotle_n plutarch_n and_o other_o have_v observe_v three_o thing_n in_o the_o mind_n or_o soul_n of_o man_n faculty_n action_n and_o habit_n the_o faculty_n be_v the_o ability_n from_o whence_o proceed_v the_o action_n as_o of_o anger_n for_o example_n or_o pity_n the_o action_n be_v the_o deed_n or_o act_n themselves_o as_o to_o be_v actual_o angry_a to_o be_v actual_o afflict_a or_o to_o have_v a_o actual_a compassion_n the_o habit_n or_o the_o facility_n of_o the_o soul_n to_o produce_v such_o act_n or_o the_o natural_a inclination_n or_o tendency_n of_o the_o soul_n to_o that_o purpose_n second_o as_o there_o be_v some_o action_n which_o be_v vicious_a and_o evil_a as_o when_o we_o be_v excessive_o angry_a some_o just_a and_o good_a as_o when_o we_o keep_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o moderation_n so_o likewise_o there_o be_v some_o habit_n which_o be_v vicious_a and_o some_o good_n three_o that_o virtue_n be_v neither_o a_o faculty_n nor_o a_o bare_a act_n but_o a_o habit_n viz._n a_o virtuous_a habit_n that_o incline_v and_o direct_v we_o to_o just_a and_o honourable_a thing_n four_o as_o aristotle_n divide_v the_o soul_n into_o two_o part_n viz._n the_o one_o the_o reasonable_a which_o we_o term_v the_o understanding_n the_o other_o the_o sensitive_a appetite_n which_o we_o call_v the_o will_n so_o he_o admit_v in_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o part_n faculty_n action_n and_o habit_n that_o both_o be_v capable_a of_o habit_n may_v also_o be_v capable_a of_o virtue_n five_o that_o there_o be_v this_o difference_n between_o the_o first_o and_o the_o second_o part_n that_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o first_o relate_v to_o what_o be_v true_a or_o propose_v truth_n for_o their_o end_n but_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o appetite_n or_o will_n look_v upon_o what_o be_v good_a or_o have_v goodness_n for_o their_o end_n six_o that_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o first_o part_n be_v five_o prudence_n wisdom_n understanding_n science_n and_o art_n and_o of_o the_o second_o three_o fortitude_n temperance_n and_o justice_n seven_o and_o because_o some_o may_v not_o think_v it_o strange_a that_o aristotle_n shall_v rank_v virtue_n in_o the_o second_o part_n to_o obviate_v their_o objection_n he_o say_v that_o this_o part_n indeed_o have_v no_o reason_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v it_o because_o it_o hearken_v to_o it_o and_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o reasonable_a part_n as_o a_o son_n in_o respect_n of_o his_o father_n who_o govern_v he_o by_o his_o instruction_n eight_o that_o the_o virtue_n which_o be_v in_o the_o reasonable_a part_n be_v name_v intellectual_a because_o they_o relate_v to_o the_o mind_n but_o the_o other_o which_o be_v in_o the_o will_n be_v style_v moral_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o man_n we_o be_v not_o to_o be_v concern_v precise_o with_o the_o first_o but_o with_o the_o latter_a i_o say_v precise_o whereby_o to_o separate_v prudence_n which_o be_v the_o guide_n of_o all_o moral_a virtue_n and_o which_o be_v so_o interweave_v with_o our_o manner_n that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o reckon_v among_o the_o moral_a virtue_n but_o the_o first_o and_o chief_a of_o all_o the_o rest_n for_o aristotle_n say_v very_o judicious_o that_o as_o sagacity_n he_o mean_v that_o faculty_n of_o ability_n dextrous_o to_o find_v out_o the_o mean_n whereby_o to_o come_v to_o the_o end_v we_o propose_v be_v accomplish_v by_o prudence_n so_o natural_a virtue_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o natural_a propensity_n or_o disposition_n to_o virtue_n be_v make_v perfect_a by_o wisdom_n or_o by_o right_a reason_n which_o can_v be_v without_o prudence_n therefore_o he_o term_v all_o virtue_n prudence_n not_o proper_o but_o because_o they_o can_v be_v attain_v without_o prudence_n for_o that_o reason_n also_o when_o the_o philosopher_n give_v the_o definition_n of_o virtue_n they_o say_v it_o be_v a_o habit_n
conformable_a to_o right_a reason_n or_o rather_o that_o it_o be_v assist_v by_o right_a reason_n now_o right_a reason_n be_v guide_v by_o prudence_n or_o it_o be_v indeed_o prudence_n itself_o and_o therefore_o the_o definition_n that_o aristotle_n give_v of_o virtue_n comprehend_v in_o it_o right_a reason_n or_o prudence_n for_o he_o say_v that_o virtue_n be_v a_o elective_a habit_n which_o consist_v in_o a_o certain_a mediocrity_n direct_v by_o reason_n or_o prudence_n virtus_fw-la est_fw-la habitus_fw-la electivus_fw-la in_o mediocritate_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la est_fw-la consistens_fw-la ratione_fw-la definitus_fw-la aut_fw-la prout_fw-la vir_fw-la prudens_fw-la definierit_fw-la upon_o which_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o all_o the_o philosopher_n agree_v very_o well_o with_o aristotle_n that_o virtue_n be_v a_o habit_n prescribe_v or_o regulate_v by_o reason_n or_o by_o prudence_n therefore_o cicero_n call_v it_o a_o constant_a and_o even_a temper_n of_o mind_n which_o make_v they_o deserve_o praise_v in_o who_o it_o abide_v or_o rather_o a_o constant_a and_o regular_a reason_n see_v that_o a_o man_n be_v account_v virtuous_a or_o say_v to_o be_v adorn_v with_o virtue_n not_o when_o casual_o or_o out_o of_o dissimulation_n or_o unwilling_o and_o contrary_n to_o his_o inclination_n he_o do_v a_o action_n worthy_a of_o praise_n but_o when_o he_o be_v dispose_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o what_o he_o do_v proceed_v from_o a_o strong_a inclination_n and_o constant_a resolution_n of_o do_v well_o ground_v upon_o serious_a deliberation_n and_o continue_v with_o a_o delight_n and_o satisfaction_n they_o agree_v also_o that_o we_o shall_v name_v it_o a_o elective_a habit_n because_o hereby_o it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o understanding_n which_o dont_fw-fr require_v that_o the_o act_n shall_v be_v produce_v by_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o appetite_n as_o the_o moral_a habit_n do_v which_o indeed_o will_v not_o be_v moral_a if_o our_o act_n be_v not_o in_o our_o choice_n and_o do_v free_o but_o as_o to_o what_o they_o say_v that_o virtue_n consist_v in_o a_o medium_fw-la this_o have_v give_v occasion_n to_o several_a and_o chief_o to_o the_o stoic_n to_o contend_v and_o exclaim_v that_o he_o have_v lessen_v virtue_n by_o place_v it_o in_o the_o middle_n between_o two_o contrary_a vice_n and_o by_o make_v it_o in_o that_o manner_n to_o partake_v of_o both_o extreme_n and_o though_o we_o have_v already_o mention_v this_o matter_n yet_o it_o be_v of_o that_o great_a importance_n that_o it_o deserve_v to_o be_v treat_v of_o more_o at_o large_a in_o what_o sense_n virtue_n be_v say_v to_o consist_v in_o a_o medium_fw-la or_o to_o be_v place_v in_o a_o mediocrity_n aristotle_n observe_v that_o in_o the_o object_n of_o virtue_n one_o may_v distinguish_v two_o medium_n one_o he_o name_v the_o medium_fw-la of_o the_o thing_n medium_fw-la rei_fw-la which_o be_v from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o equal_o distant_a from_o the_o extreme_n and_o this_o be_v the_o same_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o all_o man_n as_o for_o example_n the_o number_n of_o six_o between_o two_o and_o ten_o for_o it_o be_v distant_a from_o one_o and_o the_o other_o five_o unite_v therefore_o he_o call_v that_o a_o middle_n in_o arithmetic_n which_o be_v term_v a_o arithmetical_a proportion_n the_o other_o he_o style_v a_o medium_fw-la in_o respect_n of_o ourselves_o medium_fw-la quoad_fw-la nos_fw-la or_o which_o be_v neither_o above_o nor_o beneath_o what_o be_v convenient_a for_o we_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o it_o can_v be_v the_o same_o in_o respect_n of_o all_o man_n because_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v not_o equal_o convenient_a to_o all_o for_o example_n if_o to_o eat_v six_o pound_n weight_n be_v too_o much_o and_o two_o too_o little_a the_o rule_n therefore_o of_o the_o athletes_n prescribe_v not_o six_o pound_n to_o all_o for_o it_o be_v too_o little_a for_o a_o milo_n and_o too_o much_o for_o a_o tiro_n wherefore_o this_o middle_a or_o medium_fw-la be_v common_o style_v the_o middle_a according_a to_o reason_n medium_fw-la rationis_fw-la because_o it_o be_v appoint_v by_o right_a reason_n and_o because_o it_o consist_v in_o that_o reason_n or_o proportion_n which_o aristotle_n ought_v to_o have_v name_v of_o geometry_n and_o which_o belong_v only_o to_o the_o wise_a man_n to_o understand_v aristotle_n therefore_o show_v that_o virtue_n consist_v not_o in_o the_o medium_fw-la of_o the_o thing_n but_o in_o the_o medium_fw-la in_o respect_n of_o we_o geometrical_o consider_v with_o relation_n to_o reason_n for_o as_o virtue_n have_v the_o passion_n and_o action_n for_o object_n for_o example_n such_o as_o be_v these_o to_o fear_v to_o be_v confident_a to_o desire_v to_o have_v a_o aversion_n to_o be_v angry_a to_o have_v pity_n and_o in_o short_a to_o be_v affect_v with_o pleasure_n or_o grief_n i_o say_v virtue_n have_v for_o its_o object_n the_o passion_n and_o action_n in_o which_o there_o may_v happen_v to_o be_v excess_n deficiency_n or_o a_o due_a medium_fw-la between_o both_o here_o it_o belong_v to_o virtue_n to_o point_v out_o a_o middle_a which_o may_v be_v most_o proper_a and_o convenient_a both_o in_o respect_n of_o time_n person_n and_o place_n or_o any_o other_o circumstance_n that_o may_v attend_v we_o he_o far_o demonstrate_v that_o whereas_o virtue_n consist_v in_o prescribe_v a_o middle_a between_o two_o extreme_n it_o be_v itself_o that_o medium_fw-la or_o middle_a habit_n between_o two_o vicious_a extreme_n the_o one_o incline_v to_o excess_n and_o the_o other_o defective_a either_o in_o the_o thing_n or_o in_o the_o object_n so_o that_o virtue_n in_o its_o essence_n and_o nature_n in_o that_o it_o prescribe_v a_o middle_a be_v real_o itself_o also_o a_o kind_n of_o medium_fw-la but_o in_o relation_n to_o excellency_n and_o perfection_n it_o be_v something_o elevate_v above_o all_o this_o cause_v they_o to_o make_v this_o common_a distinction_n the_o middle_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o object_n and_o the_o middle_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o essence_n because_o the_o middle_a in_o relation_n to_o the_o object_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o middle_a in_o relation_n to_o ourselves_o or_o in_o respect_n to_o reason_n and_o which_o be_v place_v or_o consider_v between_o two_o extreme_n according_a to_o what_o horace_n say_v when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v a_o just_a mediocrity_n to_o be_v keep_v in_o thing_n and_o that_o there_o be_v due_a limit_n and_o bound_n which_o we_o must_v neither_o come_v short_a of_o nor_o exceed_v est_fw-la modus_fw-la in_o rebus_fw-la sunt_fw-la certi_fw-la denique_fw-la fine_n quos_fw-la ultra_fw-la citraque_fw-la nequit_fw-la consistere_fw-la rectum_fw-la the_o medium_fw-la in_o respect_n of_o the_o essence_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o virtue_n itself_o between_o two_o vice_n or_o as_o the_o same_o author_n express_v it_o the_o middle_a of_o two_o vice_n in_o respect_n of_o both_o ends._n virtus_fw-la est_fw-la medium_n vitiorum_fw-la et_fw-la utrinque_fw-la reductum_fw-la he_o do_v afterward_o illustrate_v and_o prove_v the_o matter_n for_o fortitude_n be_v a_o middle_a between_o cowardice_n and_o presumption_n temperance_n between_o intemperance_n and_o a_o total_a neglect_n liberality_n between_o prodigality_n and_o covetousness_n magnificence_n between_o niggardliness_n and_o gaudiness_n magnanimity_n between_o pusilanimity_n and_o a_o foolish_a ostentation_n modesty_n between_o have_v a_o due_a regard_n to_o our_o honour_n and_o ambition_n clemency_n and_o a_o easy_a and_o tractable_a conversation_n between_o a_o base_a compliance_n and_o a_o choleric_a temper_n truth_n and_o veracity_n between_o dissimulation_n and_o vain_a boast_v a_o pleasant_a humour_n between_o rusticity_n or_o a_o clownish_a temper_n amity_n between_o flattery_n and_o a_o thwart_a temper_n moderation_n between_o stupidity_n and_o impudence_n a_o just_a indignation_n between_o envy_n and_o jealousy_n and_o malevolence_n or_o ill-will_a prudence_n between_o folly_n or_o stupidity_n and_o cunning_a craft_n or_o knavery_n for_o justice_n though_o it_o be_v not_o proper_o between_o two_o extreme_n because_o there_o be_v nothing_o opposite_a to_o it_o but_o injustice_n nevertheless_o it_o seem_v to_o acknowledge_v a_o medium_fw-la in_o its_o object_n because_o justice_n be_v a_o virtue_n that_o relate_v to_o other_o or_o be_v between_o two_o person_n it_o belong_v to_o it_o so_o to_o reduce_v the_o thing_n to_o equity_n or_o equality_n that_o the_o one_o may_v not_o have_v more_o nor_o the_o other_o less_o than_o be_v due_a so_o that_o injustice_n stand_v in_o stead_n of_o excess_n in_o respect_n of_o one_o and_o of_o defect_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o other_o he_o maintain_v also_o that_o there_o be_v certain_a vice_n that_o will_v not_o admit_v of_o any_o medium_n as_o adultery_n theft_n and_o murder_n because_o there_o be_v always_o a_o sin_n in_o the_o very_a act_n and_o no_o virtue_n can_v be_v find_v in_o it_o for_o example_n to_o prescribe_v with_o what_o
they_o have_v be_v allow_v by_o nature_n for_o good_a use_v that_o they_o allow_v of_o anger_n as_o a_o whetstone_n to_o courage_n because_o the_o assault_n of_o a_o angry_a person_n against_o a_o public_a enemy_n or_o a_o treacherous_a subject_n be_v more_o powerful_a than_o if_o he_o oppose_v he_o in_o cold_a blood_n that_o severe_a injunction_n be_v not_o without_o a_o mixture_n of_o anger_n that_o if_o a_o orator_n be_v not_o angry_a he_o ought_v at_o least_o to_o pretend_v to_o be_v so_o that_o a_o man_n be_v not_o a_o man_n if_o he_o can_v be_v angry_a and_o that_o what_o man_n call_v calmness_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o stupid_a insensibility_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o perform_v any_o great_a thing_n without_o some_o transport_n witness_n themistocles_n and_o demosthenes_n that_o without_o this_o incentive_a the_o great_a philosopher_n have_v never_o make_v so_o large_a a_o progress_n in_o the_o science_n and_o that_o without_o such_o a_o earnest_a desire_n pythagoras_n democritus_n and_o plato_n have_v never_o travel_v as_o they_o do_v about_o the_o world_n that_o it_o be_v not_o without_o some_o great_a advantage_n that_o nature_n have_v appoint_v displeasure_n and_o grief_n that_o man_n may_v be_v vex_v and_o grieve_v for_o their_o crime_n and_o trouble_v for_o their_o punishment_n reproof_n and_o shame_n that_o mercy_n be_v useful_a to_o oblige_v we_o to_o assist_v the_o afflict_a and_o that_o to_o be_v emulous_a be_v not_o altogether_o useless_a and_o last_o that_o he_o who_o will_v take_v away_o fear_v take_v away_o all_o diligence_n etc._n etc._n he_o add_v many_o other_o particular_n which_o he_o seem_v to_o answer_v when_o he_o say_v nevertheless_o they_o confess_v when_o they_o dispute_v of_o these_o matter_n that_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v cut_v off_o in_o part_n but_o that_o they_o can_v nor_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v total_o root_v out_o so_o that_o they_o esteem_v mediocrity_n or_o moderation_n to_o be_v requisite_a almost_o in_o every_o thing_n and_o true_o in_o relation_n to_o what_o he_o object_n for_o example_n that_o it_o belong_v not_o to_o a_o stout_a and_o generous_a spirit_n to_o be_v angry_a but_o to_o a_o fencer_n that_o without_o this_o anger_n of_o a_o fencer_n ajax_n will_v encounter_v hector_n and_o that_o torquatus_n marcellus_n the_o african_a be_v free_a from_o it_o etc._n etc._n they_o will_v answer_v that_o it_o may_v be_v proper_a for_o a_o fencer_n to_o be_v furious_o angry_a and_o beyond_o reason_n but_o the_o anger_n of_o a_o generous_a person_n be_v more_o temperate_a and_o hearken_v to_o reason_n and_o as_o to_o what_o he_o say_v concern_v mercy_n can_v we_o be_v liberal_a but_o we_o must_v be_v touch_v with_o compassion_n and_o pity_n see_v we_o ought_v not_o to_o afflict_v ourselves_o for_o other_o but_o to_o strive_v if_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o raise_v they_o out_o of_o their_o affliction_n they_o will_v answer_v that_o mercy_n will_v cause_v we_o to_o be_v more_o incline_v to_o liberality_n and_o that_o the_o wise_a man_n suffer_v not_o himself_o to_o be_v vex_v and_o afflict_v for_o other_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o to_o be_v disturb_v in_o himself_o but_o it_o be_v a_o kind_a sense_n of_o humanity_n that_o oblige_v he_o to_o lend_v assistance_n to_o other_o in_o relation_n to_o jealousy_n or_o emulation_n they_o will_v answer_v that_o the_o jealousy_n of_o a_o wise_a man_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o certain_a motion_n or_o desire_n that_o engage_v he_o to_o strive_v to_o attain_v to_o a_o degree_n of_o glory_n equal_a or_o great_a than_o that_o of_o another_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v fear_n they_o will_v willing_o agree_v that_o timerousness_n or_o too_o great_a fear_n be_v to_o be_v condemn_v and_o they_o will_v show_v that_o this_o life_n can_v be_v without_o fear_n which_o cause_v we_o to_o provide_v beforehand_o against_o several_a casualty_n which_o we_o foresee_v final_o in_o relation_n to_o what_o he_o say_v of_o anger_n and_o desire_n they_o will_v prove_v that_o it_o be_v natural_a to_o be_v angry_a and_o have_v a_o ambition_n but_o to_o be_v angry_a without_o measure_n or_o to_o aim_v at_o any_o thing_n with_o too_o much_o eagerness_n this_o proceed_v from_o a_o error_n that_o we_o ought_v to_o correct_v so_o that_o when_o they_o advise_v we_o to_o avoid_v or_o abstain_v from_o all_o excess_n they_o advise_v we_o to_o extirpate_v and_o destroy_v whatsoever_o proceed_v from_o error_n but_o not_o so_o that_o what_o be_v natural_a or_o natural_o plant_v in_o we_o either_o can_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v root_v out_o and_o total_o deface_v of_o the_o mutual_a connection_n of_o moral_a virtue_n now_o to_o speak_v something_o concern_v the_o connection_n or_o mutual_a relation_n of_o moral_a virtue_n it_o be_v to_o be_v collect_v from_o two_o particular_n first_o that_o they_o be_v all_o unite_a with_o prudence_n as_o all_o the_o member_n with_o the_o body_n the_o stream_n of_o water_n with_o the_o fountain_n from_o whence_o they_o run_v second_o that_o prudence_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v unseparable_a from_o a_o pleasant_a life_n for_o life_n can_v be_v pleasant_a without_o virtue_n and_o wherever_o virtue_n reside_v there_o life_n must_v needs_o be_v pleasant_a from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o consequence_n of_o this_o mutual_a conjunction_n of_o virtue_n be_v ground_v upon_o this_o maxim_n that_o thing_n that_o be_v unite_v in_o any_o three_o thing_n be_v unite_v among_o themselves_o now_o it_o be_v not_o needful_a to_o speak_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o second_o particular_a for_o we_o shall_v understand_v this_o matter_n sufficient_o hereafter_o when_o we_o shall_v consider_v the_o say_n of_o epicurus_n that_o virtue_n be_v not_o desirable_a for_o its_o own_o sake_n but_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o pleasure_n this_o have_v cause_v some_o to_o exclaim_v against_o he_o we_o shall_v be_v here_o satisfy_v by_o allege_v a_o passage_n out_o of_o aristotle_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o he_o be_v in_o this_o matter_n of_o the_o same_o opinion_n as_o epicurus_n as_o say_v he_o the_o thing_n belove_v be_v please_v to_o the_o lover_n the_o horse_n for_o example_n to_o he_o who_o love_v horse_n the_o theatre_n and_o show_v to_o he_o who_o love_v they_o so_o to_o he_o who_o love_v justice_n the_o thing_n that_o be_v just_o be_v grateful_a and_o general_o to_o he_o who_o love_v virtue_n the_o action_n that_o be_v virtuous_a i_o confess_v that_o the_o thing_n that_o please_v the_o common_a people_n dont_fw-fr agree_v together_o because_o they_o be_v not_o so_o real_o of_o their_o own_o nature_n but_o such_o as_o be_v please_v to_o they_o who_o love_n honesty_n be_v of_o themselves_o and_o of_o their_o own_o nature_n grateful_a and_o agreeable_a such_o be_v the_o action_n of_o virtue_n which_o be_v by_o consequence_n please_v because_o they_o be_v of_o themselves_o so_o their_o life_n therefore_o have_v no_o need_n of_o pleasure_n as_o of_o a_o addition_n but_o it_o possess_v in_o itself_o a_o inward_a pleasure_n nay_o to_o go_v yet_o far_o he_o who_o delight_v not_o in_o honest_a action_n be_v no_o just_a and_o honest_a man_n nor_o can_v we_o denominate_v such_o a_o one_o a_o just_a and_o liberal_a person_n to_o who_o just_a and_o liberal_a action_n give_v no_o pleasure_n and_o the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o other_o virtue_n from_o hence_o therefore_o we_o conclude_v that_o virtuous_a action_n be_v of_o themselves_o and_o of_o their_o own_o nature_n pleasant_n and_o delightful_a in_o relation_n to_o the_o first_o particular_a the_o judgement_n of_o aristotle_n be_v yet_o more_o plain_a for_o he_o give_v this_o definition_n of_o virtue_n a_o habit_n that_o relate_v to_o mediocrity_n or_o a_o medium_fw-la which_o prudence_n have_v prescribe_v and_o direct_v this_o show_v that_o no_o virtue_n can_v be_v without_o prudence_n and_o by_o consequence_n all_o virtue_n be_v unite_v with_o prudence_n they_o have_v a_o mutual_a correspondency_n this_o answer_v the_o objection_n which_o some_o may_v make_v by_o say_v that_o sure_a man_n be_v not_o fit_a for_o all_o virtue_n and_o therefore_o he_o may_v be_v inclinable_a to_o one_o before_o he_o have_v attain_v another_o for_o he_o distinguish_v and_o teach_v that_o this_o may_v happen_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o natural_a virtue_n or_o of_o the_o seed_n of_o natural_a virtue_n for_o say_v he_o as_o soon_o as_o we_o be_v bear_v we_o be_v qualify_v for_o justice_n for_o temperance_n fortitude_n and_o other_o virtue_n but_o this_o can_v be_v so_o in_o relation_n to_o such_o virtue_n by_o which_o a_o man_n be_v style_v a_o good_a and_o virtuous_a man_n because_o all_o the_o rest_n accompany_v prudence_n and_o to_o speak_v proper_o a_o good_a man_n can_v be_v without_o prudence_n and_o a_o prudent_a man_n can_v be_v without_o virtue_n now_o we_o must_v observe_v
that_o this_o distinction_n may_v serve_v to_o resolve_v the_o opinion_n that_o laertius_n ascribe_v to_o he_o that_o he_o be_v persuade_v that_o all_o the_o virtue_n have_v not_o a_o mutual_a connection_n for_o it_o may_v happen_v that_o a_o man_n may_v be_v prudent_a and_o just_a and_o yet_o may_v be_v intemperate_a and_o debauch_v for_o he_o will_v reply_v that_o those_o who_o seem_v to_o be_v adorn_v with_o some_o certain_a virtue_n if_o they_o have_v not_o the_o rest_n have_v they_o in_o appearance_n and_o imperfect_a because_o their_o seem_a action_n of_o virtue_n be_v not_o inlve_v with_o that_o inward_a passion_n and_o general_a inclination_n for_o honesty_n whereby_o the_o soul_n be_v influence_v to_o act_v nothing_o without_o the_o direction_n of_o reason_n it_o be_v the_o same_o as_o if_o we_o shall_v say_v that_o they_o have_v a_o material_a virtue_n but_o not_o a_o formal_a for_o the_o form_n or_o perfection_n and_o completion_n of_o all_o virtue_n be_v this_o affection_n and_o general_a disposition_n of_o the_o mind_n by_o which_o a_o man_n do_v nothing_o but_o in_o a_o just_a manner_n and_o out_o of_o a_o principle_n of_o virtue_n for_o according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o aristotle_n nothing_o but_o this_o disposition_n can_v qualify_v man_n to_o be_v honest_a and_o just_a so_o that_o he_o who_o be_v not_o rich_a and_o consequent_o not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o show_v his_o liberality_n or_o magnificence_n yet_o may_v have_v a_o soul_n so_o qualify_v that_o if_o his_o estate_n increase_v he_o will_v do_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v just_o honourable_a and_o magnificent_a for_o though_o he_o have_v not_o the_o habit_n of_o bestow_v large_a gift_n yet_o he_o have_v a_o propension_n of_o give_v according_a to_o his_o ability_n and_o be_v not_o spare_v of_o that_o which_o be_v in_o his_o small_a power_n to_o give_v therefore_o the_o liberality_n of_o that_o poor_a countryman_n who_o have_v nothing_o else_o present_v water_n to_o the_o king_n which_o he_o have_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o river_n be_v as_o acceptable_a as_o the_o gift_n of_o prince_n in_o rich_a and_o costly_a vessel_n i_o shall_v not_o here_o mention_v the_o several_a reason_n that_o alexander_n have_v collect_v nor_o with_o he_o stay_v to_o tell_v you_o for_o instance_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o a_o man_n to_o be_v just_a unless_o at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o have_v all_o other_o virtue_n for_o if_o he_o be_v intemperate_a or_o fearful_a or_o covetous_a he_o will_v cease_v to_o be_v just_a when_o a_o opportunity_n offer_v of_o pleasure_n danger_n or_o hope_n of_o gain_n and_o so_o it_o be_v with_o other_o vice_n there_o be_v not_o any_o but_o be_v able_a to_o cause_v we_o to_o violate_v and_o corrupt_v some_o part_n of_o justice_n i_o shall_v only_o take_v notice_n that_o this_o doctrine_n of_o the_o connection_n and_o correspondency_n of_o virtue_n together_o be_v common_a not_o only_o to_o epicurus_n aristotle_n plato_n st._n ambrose_n and_o st._n gregory_n but_o chief_o to_o the_o stoic_n though_o these_o last_o add_v this_o paradox_n that_o virtue_n be_v all_o equal_a i_o add_v the_o word_n chief_o for_o among_o they_o these_o opinion_n pass_v for_o current_n that_o a_o wicked_a man_n have_v no_o virtue_n and_o a_o just_a man_n no_o vice_n that_o the_o first_o sin_n in_o every_o thing_n and_o the_o latter_a act_n nothing_o ill_a that_o whatsoever_o a_o wise_a man_n do_v he_o do_v it_o assist_v by_o all_o the_o virtue_n and_o if_o he_o do_v but_o wag_v his_o finger_n without_o the_o direction_n of_o reason_n he_o will_v commit_v a_o sin_n ni_fw-fr tibi_fw-la concessit_fw-la ratio_fw-la digitum_fw-la exsere_fw-la pecus_fw-la a_o general_n division_n of_o virtue_n but_o as_o we_o be_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o virtue_n we_o ought_v hear_v first_o to_o lay_v down_o the_o common_a division_n thereof_o not_o to_o mention_v here_o what_o zeno_n teach_v that_o there_o be_v divers_a sort_n of_o virtue_n which_o yet_o the_o megarian_o will_v not_o allow_v of_o suppose_v they_o to_o be_v but_o one_o under_o several_a name_n nor_o what_o apollophanes_n assert_n viz._n that_o of_o prudence_n only_o that_o celebrate_a division_n of_o virtue_n into_o four_o part_n be_v sufficient_o know_v viz._n of_o prudence_n temperance_n fortitude_n and_o justice_n nevertheless_o aristotle_n in_o his_o moral_n treat_v of_o these_o four_o virtue_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o he_o treat_v also_o of_o gentleness_n of_o liberality_n of_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o mind_n of_o magnificence_n of_o moderation_n of_o just_a indignation_n of_o modesty_n of_o gravity_n of_o truth_n or_o veracity_n of_o civility_n and_o of_o the_o rest_n as_o distinct_a kind_n of_o virtue_n not_o tie_v himself_o to_o any_o limit_a number_n and_o so_o begin_v to_o discourse_v of_o fortitude_n for_o the_o stoic_n though_o they_o have_v various_o divide_v virtue_n nevertheless_o possidonius_fw-la among_o the_o rest_n hold_v to_o these_o four_o kind_n and_o therefore_o cicero_n seem_v to_o have_v take_v this_o from_o the_o stoic_n whatsoever_o be_v just_a and_o honest_a proceed_v from_o one_o of_o these_o four_o species_n for_o either_o it_o relate_v to_o the_o discern_a of_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n or_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o society_n which_o consist_v in_o the_o faith_n of_o contract_n and_o in_o give_v to_o every_o one_o what_o appertain_v to_o he_o or_o the_o strength_n and_o greatness_n of_o the_o soul_n or_o else_o in_o the_o moderation_n in_o all_o that_o we_o say_v or_o do_v by_o which_o word_n the_o four_o sort_n of_o virtue_n be_v describe_v now_o we_o must_v observe_v that_o if_o since_o the_o day_n of_o st._n ambrose_n and_o st._n jerom_n these_o four_o virtue_n have_v be_v style_v cardinal_n virtue_n because_o they_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o hinge_n upon_o which_o the_o rest_n turn_v it_o be_v doubtless_o in_o imitation_n of_o the_o stoic_n who_o affirm_v that_o among_o the_o virtue_n some_o be_v primitive_a or_o principal_a the_o other_o subject_n and_o depend_v on_o the_o former_a and_o that_o the_o first_o be_v prudence_n fortitude_n temperance_n and_o justice_n and_o the_o latter_a a_o greatness_n of_o mind_n continency_n patience_n quickness_n of_o apprehension_n or_o liveliness_n of_o spirit_n subtlety_n and_o sound_a judgement_n all_o which_o cicero_n term_n companion_n and_o seneca_n branch_n of_o the_o first_o stock_n the_o schoolman_n call_v they_o part_n and_o divide_v they_o into_o three_o kind_n that_o they_o may_v refer_v all_o the_o virtue_n call_v moral_a to_o one_o of_o the_o four_o chief_a thus_o thomas_n aquinas_n have_v deal_v now_o these_o three_o part_n be_v first_o such_o as_o be_v proper_o call_v subject_n or_o species_n second_o the_o integral_a part_n or_o which_o have_v in_o some_o respect_n the_o part_n which_o compose_v the_o whole_a and_o ought_v necessary_o to_o assist_v to_o the_o perfect_a act_n of_o a_o certain_a virtue_n three_o the_o potential_a which_o like_o the_o power_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v accompany_v but_o have_v not_o the_o efficacy_n of_o a_o a_o principal_a virtue_n thus_o the_o virtue_n subject_a to_o prudence_n be_v the_o private_a the_o oeconomick_a the_o politic_a the_o military_a and_o the_o royal_a the_o integral_n be_v memory_n docility_n sagacity_n reason_n providence_n circumspection_n and_o precaution_n or_o foresight_n the_o potential_a which_o bear_v their_o ancient_a greek_a name_n be_v ebulia_n that_o be_v wisdom_n in_o counsel_n synesis_n sharpness_n of_o apprehension_n gnome_n a_o prudent_a elocution_n thus_o the_o subject_a part_n of_o justice_n be_v the_o general_n the_o legal_a and_o the_o special_a which_o have_v for_o species_n the_o commutative_a and_o distributive_a justice_n the_o integral_n be_v the_o precept_n of_o the_o law_n as_o to_o do_v wrong_a to_o no_o body_n to_o give_v to_o every_o one_o what_o belong_v to_o he_o and_o if_o we_o may_v make_v use_n of_o the_o word_n of_o holy_a writ_n to_o fly_v from_o evil_a and_o to_o do_v good_a the_o potential_a be_v religion_n holiness_n piety_n charity_n obedience_n truth_n gratitude_n liberality_n affability_n and_o amity_n or_o friendship_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o subject_a part_n of_o temperance_n be_v abstinence_n and_o sobriety_n first_o in_o relation_n to_o eat_v the_o latter_a in_o respect_n of_o drink_v chastity_n and_o modesty_n the_o integral_n be_v bashfulness_n and_o honesty_n the_o potential_a be_v clemency_n humility_n modesty_n mildness_n mercy_n moderation_n decency_n gratefulness_n and_o urbanity_n for_o fortitude_n as_o it_o be_v not_o usual_a to_o ascribe_v to_o it_o any_o subject_a part_n because_o of_o that_o chief_a matter_n about_o which_o it_o be_v employ_v so_o only_o four_o part_n be_v assign_v to_o it_o which_o be_v reckon_v to_o be_v integral_a when_o they_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o be_v employ_v about_o a_o difficult_a matter_n or_o potential_a if_o
method_n and_o conception_n seem_v to_o be_v more_o reasonable_a in_o the_o division_n of_o prudence_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o the_o military_a because_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o politic_a nor_o of_o the_o regal_a as_o be_v also_o a_o part_n of_o the_o politic_a but_o after_o the_o private_a and_o the_o oeconomic_a he_o acknowledge_v none_o but_o the_o politic_a which_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v not_o in_o the_o subject_n but_o in_o the_o governor_n therefore_o we_o shall_v follow_v the_o division_n of_o aristotle_n as_o the_o most_o reasonable_a and_o the_o most_o convenient_a i_o shall_v only_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o first_o species_n that_o it_o be_v name_v private_a monastic_a and_o solitary_a not_o because_o it_o be_v precise_o design_v to_o moderate_a and_o rule_v the_o manner_n of_o one_o who_o lead_v a_o private_a life_n and_o intermeddle_v not_o with_o public_a affair_n or_o who_o live_v in_o a_o solitary_a place_n separate_v himself_o from_o the_o society_n of_o man_n as_o the_o hermit_n but_o we_o make_v use_v of_o this_o appellation_n to_o signify_v that_o every_o person_n of_o what_o condition_n soever_o aught_o to_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o certain_a prudence_n which_o belong_v to_o he_o alone_o and_o regard_v his_o particular_a person_n so_o that_o though_o he_o may_v govern_v other_o he_o must_v also_o govern_v himself_o chief_o according_a to_o the_o dictate_v of_o reason_n and_o so_o provide_v for_o himself_o that_o he_o may_v become_v a_o honest_a man_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o man_n of_o good_a and_o laudable_a manner_n therefore_o this_o kind_n of_o prudence_n be_v necessary_a as_o well_o for_o a_o prince_n as_o a_o master_n of_o a_o family_n for_o both_o be_v bind_v not_o only_o to_o rule_v other_o but_o moreover_o to_o know_v how_o to_o rule_v themselves_o and_o not_o only_o to_o be_v good_a governor_n but_o also_o to_o be_v honest_a and_o good_a men._n from_o hence_o it_o be_v therefore_o that_o this_o kind_n of_o prudence_n be_v not_o only_o name_v private_a or_o solitary_a but_o also_o ethic_n and_o moral_a for_o it_o ought_v to_o prescribe_v and_o appoint_v the_o manner_n of_o every_o particular_a person_n and_o adjust_a they_o to_o the_o rule_n of_o reason_n for_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n and_o his_o follower_n it_o belong_v to_o morality_n or_o to_o moral_a discipline_n to_o look_v after_o every_o one_o manner_n of_o live_v thereby_o to_o render_v his_o life_n better_o so_o that_o by_o obey_v its_o precept_n a_o man_n may_v become_v a_o just_a and_o honest_a man_n viz._n by_o live_v prudent_o by_o subdue_a anger_n and_o his_o other_o passion_n to_o his_o own_o reason_n by_o regulate_v their_o disorderly_a motion_n and_o not_o suffer_v they_o to_o act_v extravagant_o so_o that_o if_o he_o perform_v any_o thing_n he_o may_v be_v always_o ready_a to_o give_v a_o good_a reason_n why_o he_o have_v thus_o proceed_v though_o none_o require_v it_o of_o he_o and_o to_o give_v a_o check_n to_o himself_o by_o examine_v his_o own_o manner_n and_o action_n and_o inquire_v of_o himself_o as_o phocilides_n do_v by_o what_o course_n have_v i_o steer_v what_o have_v i_o be_v do_v what_o good_a have_v i_o perform_v or_o omit_v quanam_fw-la transilii_fw-la quid_fw-la feci_fw-la quid_fw-la boni_fw-la omisi_fw-la rejoice_v when_o he_o perceive_v that_o he_o have_v judge_v aright_o that_o he_o have_v act_v according_a to_o reason_n and_o do_v wise_o and_o grieve_v when_o he_o find_v the_o contrary_n of_o the_o office_n of_o private_a prudence_n the_o office_n of_o a_o private_a prudence_n be_v general_o reckon_v two_o the_o first_o be_v to_o fix_v upon_o a_o certain_a course_n of_o life_n wherein_o to_o spend_v the_o rest_n of_o our_o day_n the_o second_o to_o govern_v and_o direct_v all_o our_o action_n in_o that_o condition_n of_o life_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n and_o virtue_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o first_o concern_v we_o very_o much_o and_o be_v not_o easy_o to_o be_v effect_v especial_o if_o we_o will_v not_o venture_v upon_o it_o without_o advise_v with_o our_o best_a friend_n and_o due_o consult_v our_o reason_n for_o such_o be_v the_o condition_n of_o our_o life_n and_o of_o all_o human_a affair_n that_o upon_o what_o state_n soever_o we_o cast_v our_o eye_n we_o shall_v perceive_v present_o several_a inconvenience_n attend_v it_o which_o be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o troublesome_a because_o we_o can_v well_o discover_v their_o event_n for_o they_o appear_v to_o we_o as_o in_o a_o kind_n of_o a_o chaos_n and_o their_o first_o beginning_n and_o consequence_n be_v cover_v over_o with_o a_o kind_n of_o thick_a mist_n not_o penetrable_a to_o our_o understanding_n the_o ancient_a greek_n have_v often_o paint_v out_o to_o we_o this_o encumbrance_n or_o troublesome_a confusion_n and_o ausonius_n after_o they_o have_v leave_v we_o a_o excellent_a picture_n in_o his_o poem_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o he_o know_v not_o what_o to_o resolve_v nor_o what_o kind_n of_o life_n to_o choose_v that_o the_o bar_n be_v full_a of_o trouble_n that_o the_o care_n of_o a_o family_n be_v uneasy_a that_o a_o traveller_n be_v always_o think_v of_o what_o be_v do_v at_o home_n that_o a_o merchant_n be_v continual_o subject_a to_o fresh_a loss_n that_o the_o fear_n of_o poverty_n hinder_v we_o from_o quiet_o enjoy_v what_o we_o have_v that_o daily_a labour_n oppress_v and_o weary_v the_o workman_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v dreadful_a because_o of_o the_o many_o shipwreck_n that_o a_o single_a life_n have_v its_o inconvenience_n that_o the_o idle_a suspicion_n of_o a_o jealous_a husband_n be_v intolerable_a that_o the_o war_n be_v subject_a to_o wound_n blood_n and_o slaughter_n quod_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la sectabor_fw-la iter_fw-la si_fw-mi plena_fw-la tumultu_fw-la sunt_fw-la fora_fw-la si_fw-la curis_fw-la domus_fw-la anxia_fw-la si_fw-la peregrinos_fw-la cura_fw-la domus_fw-la sequitur_fw-la mercantem_fw-la si_fw-la nova_fw-la semper_fw-la damna_fw-la manent_fw-la cessare_fw-la vetat_fw-la si_fw-la turpis_fw-la egestas_fw-la si_fw-la vexat_fw-la labour_n agricolam_fw-la mare_fw-la naufragus_fw-la horror_n infamat_fw-la poenaeque_fw-la grave_n in_o coelibe_n vita_fw-la et_fw-la gravior_n cautis_fw-la custodia_fw-la vana_fw-la maritis_fw-la sanguineum_fw-la si_fw-la martis_n opus_fw-la etc._n etc._n now_o as_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o unhappy_a than_o to_o be_v always_o waver_v in_o uncertainty_n which_o we_o see_v to_o be_v the_o condition_n of_o many_o and_o to_o spend_v all_o our_o life_n in_o consider_v how_o we_o shall_v spend_v it_o and_o in_o what_o condition_n it_o concern_v we_o most_o to_o exert_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n all_o our_o faculty_n in_o consider_v and_o deliberate_o choose_v such_o a_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o life_n as_o may_v be_v least_o subject_a to_o mischief_n and_o inconvenience_n neither_o be_v we_o in_o this_o case_n to_o slight_v the_o counsel_n and_o advice_n of_o wise_a experience_a friend_n person_n of_o a_o clear_a repute_n and_o who_o aim_v not_o at_o their_o own_o private_a gain_n may_v afford_v we_o sound_a and_o profitable_a advice_n but_o every_o one_o ought_v chief_o to_o consult_v his_o own_o nature_n and_o understand_v what_o his_o own_o strength_n can_v perform_v or_o not_o for_o we_o ought_v to_o be_v best_a know_v to_o ourselves_o and_o we_o may_v discover_v in_o ourselves_o for_o the_o most_o part_n something_o which_o be_v hide_v to_o all_o the_o world_n beside_o but_o we_o ought_v to_o know_v the_o unsetledness_n of_o human_a affair_n and_o the_o obscurity_n of_o the_o time_n to_o come_v to_o be_v such_o that_o we_o must_v in_o all_o thing_n allow_v something_o to_o chance_n and_o hope_v that_o every_o thing_n will_v succeed_v well_o and_o because_o some_o thing_n may_v happen_v which_o may_v make_v we_o uneasy_a we_o ought_v to_o fortify_v our_o spirit_n against_o such_o accident_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o we_o may_v slight_v they_o bear_v they_o easy_o and_o pass_v over_o they_o quiet_o what_o have_v be_v speak_v be_v in_o respect_n to_o that_o state_n and_o condition_n which_o our_o law_n will_v not_o allow_v we_o to_o change_v such_o as_o marriage_n a_o monastical_a life_n or_o of_o that_o state_n which_o we_o can_v change_v but_o for_o a_o worse_o and_o with_o great_a disgrace_n for_o as_o for_o that_o which_o we_o may_v quit_v when_o we_o will_v to_o embrace_v another_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o so_o great_a caution_n and_o circumspection_n though_o still_o we_o ought_v to_o engage_v in_o such_o a_o one_o as_o if_o we_o always_o do_v intend_v to_o abide_v in_o it_o otherwise_o the_o very_a thought_n of_o change_v will_v frequent_o disturb_v our_o mind_n with_o various_a imagination_n and_o which_o be_v fix_v to_o nothing_o but_o alter_v every_o moment_n as_o we_o say_v from_o white_a to_o black_a we_o shall_v never_o remain_v fix_v and_o resolve_v
two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o eight_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n take_v say_v he_o when_o he_o be_v die_v this_o sceptre_n due_a to_o your_o virtue_n and_o merit_n remember_v that_o you_o be_v the_o father_n of_o your_o people_n that_o you_o be_v to_o deal_v with_o they_o as_o with_o your_o child_n that_o the_o people_n be_v not_o bear_v to_o serve_v you_o but_o that_o you_o be_v bear_v and_o design_v to_o serve_v they_o and_o that_o a_o king_n be_v alone_o raise_v up_o above_o all_o the_o rest_n that_o he_o may_v alone_o be_v able_a to_o serve_v all_o seneca_n expression_n be_v likewise_o very_o admirable_a the_o greatness_n of_o a_o prince_n say_v he_o be_v settle_v firm_o ground_v and_o unshaken_a when_o all_o the_o people_n understand_v that_o he_o be_v as_o much_o for_o they_o as_o he_o be_v above_o they_o and_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o he_o watch_v daily_a and_o take_v care_n as_o well_o of_o the_o welfare_n of_o every_o particular_a person_n as_o of_o the_o general_a safety_n of_o the_o state_n they_o look_v upon_o he_o than_o not_o as_o a_o wild_a and_o dangerous_a beast_n that_o come_v out_o of_o his_o den_n but_o as_o a_o beautiful_a star_n full_a of_o divine_a influence_n they_o all_o strive_v to_o turn_v towards_o he_o ready_a to_o hazard_v themselves_o in_o a_o thousand_o danger_n and_o sacrifice_v their_o life_n to_o save_v his_o life_n three_o to_o excel_v all_o other_o in_o virtue_n as_o he_o excel_v they_o in_o dignity_n for_o doubtless_o it_o be_v not_o without_o reason_n that_o cyrus_n in_o xenophon_n judge_v that_o it_o be_v not_o proper_a that_o he_o who_o be_v not_o more_o virtuous_a than_o those_o over_o who_o he_o be_v to_o command_v shall_v have_v power_n to_o command_v they_o true_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o encourage_v virtue_n for_o his_o people_n sake_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o example_n of_o king_n be_v the_o pattern_n and_o rule_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n componitur_fw-la orbis_n regis_fw-la ad_fw-la exemplum_fw-la and_o the_o condition_n of_o prince_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o quintilian_n seneca_n and_o cicero_n be_v such_o that_o be_v in_o view_n of_o all_o the_o world_n they_o can_v no_o more_o be_v conceal_v than_o the_o sun_n they_o therefore_o if_o they_o be_v vicious_a expose_v their_o vice_n to_o public_a view_n and_o do_v more_o mischief_n by_o their_o example_n than_o by_o their_o wicked_a action_n now_o as_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o encourage_v virtue_n for_o his_o people_n sake_n so_o likewise_o for_o his_o own_o that_o so_o he_o may_v gain_v the_o esteem_n and_o veneration_n of_o the_o world_n which_o he_o can_v never_o obtain_v if_o he_o be_v repute_v vicious_a and_o among_o all_o the_o other_o virtue_n he_o ought_v chief_o to_o encourage_v piety_n and_o religion_n as_o well_o that_o he_o may_v be_v bless_v with_o reward_n from_o heaven_n and_o ability_n necessary_a to_o bear_v up_o the_o weight_n of_o so_o heavy_a a_o burden_n as_o the_o government_n of_o the_o state_n be_v as_o also_o to_o make_v his_o subject_n the_o more_o faithful_a more_o respectful_a and_o obedient_a to_o he_o for_o they_o believe_v that_o he_o who_o they_o see_v addict_v to_o piety_n and_o religion_n be_v belove_v and_o favour_v of_o god_n and_o that_o when_o they_o be_v govern_v by_o such_o a_o one_o who_o be_v belove_v of_o god_n they_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o very_a spirit_n of_o god_n he_o must_v also_o have_v a_o special_a regard_n to_o the_o execution_n of_o justice_n for_o this_o purpose_n as_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v since_o the_o day_n of_o hesiod_n king_n be_v first_o appoint_v namely_o for_o the_o chastisement_n of_o the_o wicked_a and_o for_o the_o reward_v of_o those_o who_o deserve_v it_o and_o to_o end_v the_o difference_n that_o arise_v among_o his_o subject_n by_o cause_v every_o man_n to_o receive_v his_o own_o therefore_o when_o a_o prince_n deve_v himself_o of_o this_o virtue_n he_o seem_v to_o profane_v the_o true_a and_o natural_a duty_n of_o a_o prince_n for_o of_o all_o the_o title_n of_o honour_n the_o most_o glorious_a and_o splendid_a doubtless_o be_v to_o be_v style_v just_o there_o be_v also_o nothing_o that_o he_o ought_v more_o to_o heed_n than_o the_o keep_n of_o his_o word_n which_o he_o have_v once_o give_v and_o to_o observe_v punctual_o his_o promise_n and_o the_o plight_n of_o his_o faith_n for_o the_o violation_n of_o this_o be_v more_o unworthy_a in_o he_o because_o he_o have_v the_o power_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n so_o that_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o can_v easy_o excuse_v his_o breach_n of_o promise_n nay_o further_o he_o be_v oblige_v as_o far_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v to_o hinder_v other_o from_o do_v so_o this_o quality_n be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o excellent_a because_o it_o be_v rare_a among_o man_n and_o require_v a_o firm_a resolution_n constancy_n and_o a_o greatness_n of_o mind_n chief_o when_o the_o concern_v be_v weighty_a and_o considerable_a we_o shall_v pass_v over_o dissimulation_n in_o silence_n which_o be_v too_o common_a i_o know_v some_o politician_n do_v permit_v of_o some_o kind_n of_o deceit_n in_o a_o prince_n if_o they_o tend_v to_o the_o advancement_n of_o the_o public_a good_a plato_n among_o other_o maintain_v that_o they_o who_o rule_n be_v often_o oblige_v to_o lie_v and_o deceive_v for_o the_o advantage_n of_o their_o subject_n but_o this_o be_v a_o difficult_a question_n which_o we_o shall_v examine_v hereafter_o fortitude_n and_o clemency_n be_v also_o regal_a virtue_n and_o every_o one_o know_v that_o a_o prince_n can_v be_v excuse_v from_o practise_v they_o for_o as_o fortitude_n be_v needful_a to_o strike_v a_o awe_n and_o prevent_v any_o sudden_a rebellion_n or_o disturbance_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n so_o clemency_n be_v proper_a to_o beget_v in_o we_o a_o love_n for_o the_o prince_n because_o of_o his_o readiness_n to_o pardon_v offender_n this_o also_o create_v a_o opinion_n of_o his_o goodness_n in_o we_o when_o we_o find_v he_o natural_o inclinable_a to_o observe_v that_o excellent_a rule_n which_o advise_v a_o prince_n to_o be_v merciful_a to_o the_o submissive_a but_o to_o correct_v the_o stubborn_a parcere_fw-la subjectis_fw-la &_o debellare_fw-la superbos_fw-la as_o to_o what_o relate_v to_o modesty_n it_o high_o concern_v he_o to_o know_v how_o to_o temper_v it_o with_o majesty_n for_o fear_v that_o forget_v his_o human_a condition_n and_o be_v puff_v up_o with_o glory_n and_o pride_n he_o shall_v become_v insolent_a and_o shall_v draw_v upon_o himself_o unavoidable_o the_o hatred_n of_o his_o people_n or_o on_o the_o contrary_a by_o abase_v himself_o below_o his_o dignity_n he_o shall_v fall_v into_o contempt_n there_o be_v no_o need_n that_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o liberality_n every_o one_o know_v that_o it_o be_v a_o virtue_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v familiar_a to_o prince_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o procure_v more_o the_o good_a will_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o world_n than_o liberal_a and_o bountiful_a action_n to_o this_o end_n the_o great_a abundance_n of_o riches_n seem_v to_o arise_v from_o all_o part_n and_o at_o last_o to_o centre_n in_o the_o treasury_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o thence_o to_o issue_v forth_o again_o as_o from_o a_o plentiful_a fountain_n but_o these_o liberality_n be_v to_o be_v bestow_v prudent_o with_o a_o regard_n to_o the_o quality_n and_o merit_n of_o the_o person_n who_o he_o intend_v to_o gratify_v and_o also_o to_o his_o own_o treasure_n lest_o by_o stir_v up_o emulation_n and_o envy_n he_o give_v too_o great_a opportunity_n to_o abusive_a tongue_n as_o for_o continency_n sobriety_n and_o other_o virtue_n the_o more_o he_o be_v endow_v with_o they_o and_o practice_n they_o the_o more_o glorious_a they_o will_v certain_o render_v he_o the_o four_o particular_a that_o a_o monarch_n ought_v to_o apply_v himself_o to_o be_v to_o understand_v well_o the_o nature_n and_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n if_o he_o come_v to_o it_o by_o election_n or_o by_o succession_n if_o it_o be_v ancient_a or_o modern_a what_o be_v the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o state_n what_o evil_n and_o mischief_n have_v happen_v either_o from_o the_o observance_n or_o not_o observance_n of_o those_o law_n what_o relation_n it_o have_v with_o the_o aristocratical_a or_o democratical_a government_n what_o power_n the_o grandee_n have_v what_o be_v able_a to_o stir_v up_o or_o to_o move_v the_o common_a people_n and_o consequent_o what_o be_v the_o manner_n and_o custom_n of_o both_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o extent_n of_o his_o dominion_n of_o its_o confine_n situation_n and_o riches_n and_o whether_o the_o traffic_n be_v within_o or_o without_o his_o realm_n he_o must_v also_o know_v his_o castle_n and_o fortification_n and_o the_o neighbour_n
not_o how_o more_o praise_v and_o extol_v than_o other_o nevertheless_o he_o prove_v at_o large_a by_o many_o example_n and_o without_o forget_v his_o own_o that_o though_o man_n put_v a_o high_a esteem_n upon_o military_a action_n than_o upon_o civil_a yet_o we_o must_v except_v against_o this_o opinion_n for_o if_o we_o will_v judge_v according_a to_o truth_n there_o be_v many_o civil_a action_n far_o great_a and_o noble_a than_o the_o military_a from_o whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o though_o those_o who_o behave_v themselves_o with_o courage_n in_o war_n may_v be_v esteem_v brave_a and_o excellent_a yet_o this_o virtue_n of_o fortitude_n reside_v not_o in_o they_o alone_o nor_o do_v they_o only_o deserve_v the_o title_n of_o brave_a and_o stout_a now_o to_o treat_v of_o fortitude_n contain_v within_o its_o just_a limit_n two_o thing_n seem_v general_o requisite_a the_o first_o that_o it_o be_v a_o invincible_a strength_n of_o mind_n against_o all_o thing_n that_o may_v be_v difficult_a that_o be_v to_o say_v against_o such_o evil_n as_o be_v difficult_a either_o to_o overcome_v or_o to_o undergo_v the_o second_o that_o it_o be_v not_o rash_a or_o unadvised_a that_o it_o tend_v to_o a_o good_a end_n namely_o to_o the_o support_n of_o honesty_n and_o equity_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o first_o when_o i_o say_v that_o fortitude_n be_v a_o certain_a strength_n of_o mind_n doubtless_o we_o ought_v not_o hereby_o to_o understand_v that_o this_o virtue_n consist_v as_o some_o vulgar_a people_n may_v imagine_v in_o the_o mere_a strength_n and_o vigour_n of_o body_n for_o a_o man_n of_o a_o weak_a and_o infirm_a body_n may_v deserve_v the_o name_n of_o brave_a if_o he_o design_v the_o justice_n of_o the_o cause_n he_o undertake_v and_o continue_v resolute_a and_o unshaken_a in_o his_o purpose_n not_o know_v how_o to_o yield_v nay_o though_o he_o meet_v with_o ill_a fortune_n if_o his_o courage_n never_o fail_v but_o he_o proceed_v on_o with_o the_o same_o bravery_n and_o resolution_n of_o thought_n much_o less_o do_v we_o suppose_v it_o consistent_a with_o a_o boast_n and_o vainglorious_a humour_n too_o much_o incident_a to_o some_o person_n for_o if_o you_o remove_v this_o ostentation_n which_o put_v they_o in_o pursuit_n after_o a_o dim_a light_n of_o glory_n you_o will_v find_v they_o mean_o contemptible_a coward_n nay_o when_o it_o most_o concern_v they_o to_o encounter_v with_o real_a danger_n they_o will_v draw_v back_o their_o courage_n fail_v they_o and_o very_o often_o seek_v to_o save_v themselves_o by_o a_o shameful_a flight_n again_o when_o i_o say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o firm_a inflexible_a resolution_n of_o mind_n i_o hereby_o observe_v that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v such_o a_o firmness_n as_o ought_v never_o to_o yield_v but_o to_o continue_v so_o not_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o labour_n and_o danger_n but_o also_o in_o respect_n of_o its_o long_a continuance_n and_o repeat_v endeavour_n i_o say_v that_o this_o strength_n or_o firmness_n of_o mind_n be_v to_o encounter_v all_o evil_n because_o this_o virtue_n of_o its_o own_o nature_n be_v as_o a_o bulwark_n against_o all_o that_o be_v or_o appear_v to_o be_v evil_a in_o our_o life_n and_o that_o it_o proper_o have_v no_o other_o post_n assign_v but_o this_o i_o say_v moreover_o that_o the_o evil_n that_o fortitude_n design_n to_o overcome_v be_v to_o be_v difficult_a for_o though_o this_o virtue_n may_v extend_v to_o light_n easy_a and_o common_a ill_n yet_o it_o be_v very_o profitable_a to_o accustom_v ourselves_o to_o encounter_v they_o and_o support_v ourselves_o under_o they_o that_o we_o may_v thereby_o also_o the_o better_a begin_v to_o form_v a_o habit_n for_o just_a as_o the_o virtue_n of_o temperance_n be_v not_o require_v that_o one_o shall_v abstain_v from_o dote_v on_o a_o old_a wither_a hag_n as_o it_o be_v object_v to_o crysippus_n so_o fortitude_n appear_v not_o in_o little_a evil_n but_o only_o in_o great_a and_o difficult_a such_o as_o be_v death_n pain_n ignominy_n the_o loss_n of_o friend_n or_o of_o child_n poverty_n imprisonment_n banishment_n and_o other_o that_o be_v able_a to_o terrify_v we_o at_o a_o distance_n or_o ready_a to_o overwhelm_v we_o when_o they_o draw_v near_o as_o to_o the_o second_o thing_n requisite_a fortitude_n will_v not_o be_v a_o virtue_n if_o it_o be_v foolish_a and_o unconsiderate_a but_o it_o will_v be_v rashness_n and_o as_o aristotle_n term_v it_o a_o certain_a brutality_n or_o a_o brutish_a effort_n opposite_a to_o this_o virtue_n which_o be_v call_v heroic_a and_o divine_a which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o kind_n of_o noble_a courage_n and_o bravery_n which_o give_v the_o very_a name_n to_o hero_n and_o cause_v their_o deed_n to_o be_v style_v heroick_n such_o therefore_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v esteem_v brave_a or_o courageous_a who_o be_v carry_v by_o a_o blind_a fury_n and_o trust_v chief_o to_o their_o bodily_a strength_n run_v headlong_o upon_o any_o undertake_n and_o as_o if_o they_o have_v bid_v defiance_n to_o danger_n seem_v to_o fear_v nothing_o so_o much_o as_o to_o appear_v fearful_a of_o any_o thing_n but_o those_o be_v true_o brave_a who_o understanding_n danger_n neither_o love_v they_o nor_o provoke_v they_o indiscreet_o behave_v themselves_o nevertheless_o with_o courage_n as_o often_o as_o they_o ought_v and_o in_o that_o manner_n that_o they_o ought_v for_o aristotle_n make_v this_o remark_n that_o a_o stout_a and_o brave_a man_n be_v not_o he_o who_o fear_v nothing_o or_o be_v resolve_v to_o bear_v all_o thing_n or_o to_o undertake_v all_o thing_n but_o he_o who_o act_v thus_o where_o he_o ought_v for_o the_o end_n and_o purpose_n that_o he_o ought_v when_o he_o ought_v and_o in_o that_o manner_n that_o he_o ought_v qui_fw-la quod_fw-la oportet_fw-la &_o cujus_fw-la causa_fw-la &_o quando_fw-la &_o quo_fw-la modo_fw-la oportet_fw-la as_o therefore_o on_o the_o one_o hand_n he_o oppose_v to_o a_o brave_a spirit_n the_o timorous_a soul_n who_o for_o fear_n undertake_v not_o the_o thing_n that_o he_o shall_v so_o on_o the_o other_o the_o audacious_a and_o rash_a for_o want_v of_o fear_n or_o out_o of_o too_o much_o confidence_n in_o himself_o undertake_v what_o he_o ought_v not_o not_o to_o say_v that_o according_a to_o his_o opinion_n such_o may_v be_v term_v fool_n and_o mad_a man_n who_o fear_v nothing_o neither_o earthquake_n nor_o storm_n such_o as_o the_o celtae_n be_v for_o there_o be_v some_o thing_n that_o be_v true_o to_o be_v fear_v as_o shame_n and_o infamy_n which_o attend_v it_o for_o as_o he_o say_v it_o be_v impudence_n not_o to_o fear_v they_o because_o shame_n be_v a_o evil._n and_o as_o seneca_n observe_v fortitude_n be_v no_o inconsiderate_a rashness_n nor_o a_o love_n of_o danger_n but_o it_o be_v the_o knowledge_n how_o to_o distinguish_v what_o be_v or_o what_o be_v not_o evil._n it_o be_v always_o watchful_a constant_a patient_n etc._n etc._n neither_o will_v it_o be_v a_o virtue_n as_o it_o be_v manifest_a if_o it_o do_v not_o propose_v honesty_n and_o justice_n for_o its_o end_n for_o that_o cause_n aristotle_n will_v have_v a_o brave_a man_n to_o be_v undaunted_a but_o still_o with_o a_o honest_a intent_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n after_o he_o have_v condemn_v those_o for_o coward_n and_o far_o from_o brave_a who_o destroy_v themselves_o for_o fear_n of_o poverty_n or_o for_o love_n or_o grief_n and_o after_o he_o have_v declare_v that_o those_o may_v be_v esteem_v brave_a who_o be_v tempt_v by_o reward_n or_o fright_v by_o torment_n yet_o behave_v themselves_o resolute_o which_o in_o some_o respect_n may_v be_v say_v of_o soldier_n who_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o necessity_n of_o fight_v he_o say_v that_o he_o who_o be_v true_o brave_a ought_v not_o to_o be_v oblige_v by_o necessity_n but_o move_v by_o honesty_n we_o add_v particular_o this_o word_n equity_n because_o those_o who_o be_v common_o repute_v brave_a often_o abuse_v their_o strength_n against_o the_o dictate_v of_o justice_n and_o speak_v according_a this_o barbarous_a dialect_n power_n be_v above_o all_o thing_n the_o right_n be_v in_o the_o conqueror_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o plato_n judge_n fortitude_n to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o flux_n or_o torrent_n against_o the_o endeavour_n of_o unjustice_n and_o therefore_o blame_v protagoras_n who_o esteem_v those_o man_n brave_a who_o be_v most_o profane_a most_o unjust_a most_o intemperate_a and_o the_o great_a fool_n because_o say_v he_o we_o be_v not_o to_o judge_v of_o fortitude_n by_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o body_n but_o by_o the_o constancy_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o by_o a_o end_n that_o be_v honest_a and_o praiseworthy_a in_o which_o justice_n and_o equity_n principal_o appear_v it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o hero_n have_v always_o be_v the_o protector_n of_o
put_v a_o end_n either_o to_o he_o or_o his_o suffer_v if_o it_o cease_v the_o pleasure_n of_o be_v deliver_v from_o it_o and_o the_o health_n of_o body_n that_o succeed_v with_o a_o perfect_a indolency_n be_v so_o please_v and_o delightsome_a that_o we_o seem_v to_o be_v well_o satisfy_v with_o the_o pain_n we_o have_v undergo_v from_o the_o pleasure_n we_o enjoy_v of_o be_v free_v from_o it_o and_o if_o it_o take_v away_o the_o sufferer_n it_o bring_v he_o to_o the_o end_n of_o all_o suffering_n so_o that_o this_o suffer_v bring_v at_o least_o this_o advantage_n with_o it_o that_o it_o make_v our_o life_n which_o we_o must_v needs_o part_v with_o less_o please_a and_o death_n less_o terrible_a wherefore_o many_o care_v not_o how_o soon_o they_o dye_v expect_v thereby_o to_o be_v deliver_v from_o their_o pain_n so_o that_o every_o day_n they_o talk_v after_o this_o manner_n nor_o be_v death_n grievous_a whilst_o it_o end_v my_o pain_n now_o as_o for_o death_n we_o have_v already_o allege_v so_o many_o thing_n to_o show_v that_o we_o ought_v to_o expect_v it_o and_o bear_v it_o patient_o that_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o insist_v any_o long_o upon_o this_o particular_a let_v we_o therefore_o conclude_v with_o that_o kind_n of_o general_a consolation_n which_o horace_n in_o few_o word_n express_v with_o equal_a foot_n impartial_a fate_n knock_n at_o the_o cottage_n and_o the_o palace_n gate_n and_o the_o french_a poet_n malherbius_n imitate_v he_o the_o beggar_n in_o straw_n keep_v the_o general_a law_n and_o when_o death_n give_v the_o word_n must_v advance_v and_o the_o guard_n that_o each_o hour_n take_v their_o place_n at_o the_o lovure_n can_v defend_v the_o great_a monarch_n of_o france_n chap._n vii_o of_o temperance_n cicero_n tell_v we_o that_o temperance_n make_v up_o the_o second_o principal_a part_n of_o morality_n the_o greek_n style_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o protectrice_n of_o prudence_n or_o as_o plato_n term_v it_o the_o safety_n of_o prudence_n from_o hence_o a_o temperate_a man_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v one_o who_o preserve_v wisdom_n or_o one_o who_o keep_v his_o sense_n entire_a and_o sound_a and_o herein_o he_o be_v oppose_v to_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o imprudent_a man_n or_o a_o fool_n for_o he_o who_o be_v intemperate_a seem_v to_o have_v lose_v all_o prudence_n to_o have_v no_o due_a use_n either_o of_o his_o sense_n or_o his_o reason_n this_o virtue_n also_o be_v sometime_o take_v in_o too_o large_a a_o extent_n sometime_o too_o narrow_a and_o sometime_o in_o a_o mediocrity_n and_o in_o this_o last_o sense_n we_o shall_v now_o treat_v of_o it_o now_o that_o it_o be_v take_v sometime_o in_o too_o large_a a_o sense_n as_o general_o comprehend_v all_o virtue_n or_o for_o all_o that_o be_v excellent_a and_o commendable_a in_o any_o other_o virtue_n even_o the_o word_n itself_o seem_v to_o import_n for_o temperance_n express_v a_o mediocrity_n and_o all_o virtue_n be_v a_o mediocrity_n beside_o it_o be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v the_o protectrice_n of_o prudence_n without_o which_o no_o virtue_n can_v subsist_v and_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o pythagoras_n it_o be_v the_o life_n and_o vigour_n of_o the_o soul_n socrates_n name_v it_o the_o foundation_n of_o virtue_n plato_n the_o ornament_n of_o all_o good_a thing_n and_o jamblicus_n the_o breastplate_n of_o all_o the_o most_o excellent_a habit_n that_o it_o be_v sometime_o take_v in_o too_o narrow_a a_o signification_n may_v appear_v when_o it_o be_v understand_v only_o for_o that_o virtue_n that_o give_v a_o check_n to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o taste_v and_o feel_v and_o comprehend_v only_a sobriety_n and_o chastity_n last_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v take_v in_o a_o moderate_a latitude_n and_o extent_n when_o we_o understand_v not_o only_o hereby_o the_o regulation_n of_o the_o particular_a appetite_n of_o taste_v and_o feel_v etc._n etc._n but_o likewise_o such_o as_o puff_v up_o the_o mind_n and_o carry_v it_o beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o decency_n and_o honesty_n so_o that_o we_o may_v say_v that_o a_o temperate_a man_n be_v not_o only_o such_o a_o one_o who_o live_v sober_o and_o chaste_o but_o he_o also_o who_o neither_o speak_v nor_o act_v any_o thing_n but_o agreeable_a with_o justice_n and_o moderation_n and_o which_o be_v accept_v and_o approve_v of_o by_o all_o good_a and_o wise_a men._n of_o modesty_n and_o decency_n wherefore_o among_o the_o several_a species_n of_o temperance_n sobriety_n and_o chastity_n be_v not_o only_o to_o be_v reckon_v which_o we_o have_v before_o mention_v but_o also_o many_o of_o those_o which_o we_o name_v potential_a as_o be_v gentleness_n or_o mildness_n clemency_n modesty_n and_o some_o other_o so_o that_o modesty_n and_o decency_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o integral_a part_n be_v of_o a_o large_a signification_n as_o be_v too_o general_a mean_n the_o one_o to_o draw_v we_o from_o intemperance_n and_o the_o other_o to_o incline_v we_o to_o it_o for_o modesty_n though_o aristotle_n pretend_v that_o it_o be_v no_o virtue_n but_o rather_o a_o bashful_a disturbance_n as_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o certain_a fear_n of_o infamy_n nevertheless_o this_o disturbance_n tend_v to_o oppose_v that_o sort_n of_o pleasure_n which_o we_o may_v take_v in_o too_o great_a confidence_n which_o produce_v a_o great_a displeasure_n namely_o that_o which_o proceed_v from_o infamy_n and_o disgrace_n and_o decency_n at_o least_o as_o it_o be_v here_o take_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o certain_a conveniency_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d approve_v of_o which_o prevail_v upon_o we_o by_o its_o beauty_n cause_v we_o to_o give_v a_o check_n to_o that_o dare_a impudence_n so_o that_o thereby_o our_o good_a reputation_n be_v preserve_v safe_a and_o sound_a it_o procure_v a_o certain_a pleasure_n much_o great_a and_o more_o sincere_a now_o though_o it_o be_v commendable_a to_o shun_v intemperance_n and_o to_o follow_v temperance_n because_o of_o decency_n alone_o and_o good_a manner_n it_o be_v likewise_o commendable_a for_o modesty_n sake_n or_o for_o fear_n of_o shame_n which_o will_v otherwise_o ensue_v for_o as_o we_o can_v hate_v darkness_n but_o we_o must_v love_v the_o light_n so_o we_o can_v hate_v shame_n and_o dishonour_v but_o we_o must_v have_v a_o love_n for_o a_o good_a reputation_n and_o for_o a_o honest_a name_n therefore_o when_o aristotle_n in_o his_o book_n to_o nicomachus_n seem_v to_o disallow_v modesty_n he_o do_v not_o mean_v that_o shamefacedness_n which_o appear_v in_o the_o blush_a countenance_n of_o young_a person_n who_o be_v apt_a to_o be_v too_o far_o transport_v by_o a_o juvenile_a heat_n but_o he_o allow_v it_o not_o in_o age_a person_n who_o ought_v never_o to_o commit_v any_o thing_n whereof_o they_o may_v be_v ashamed_a for_o elsewhere_o in_o his_o great_a treatise_n of_o morality_n he_o place_v modesty_n among_o the_o other_o virtue_n and_o give_v to_o it_o this_o definition_n a_o mediocrity_n between_o impudence_n and_o insensibility_n as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v that_o modesty_n be_v a_o certain_a kind_n of_o shame_n occasion_v not_o by_o the_o commission_n of_o any_o base_a and_o dishonest_a action_n but_o proceed_v to_o advise_v and_o hinder_v we_o from_o the_o commit_n of_o it_o of_o sobriety_n and_o chastity_n in_o general_n these_o two_o virtue_n seem_v to_o deserve_v a_o particular_a tract_n at_o large_a for_o they_o constitue_a two_o principal_a kind_n of_o temperance_n but_o we_o can_v scarce_o add_v any_o thing_n to_o what_o have_v be_v former_o say_v when_o we_o have_v mention_v the_o great_a advantage_n of_o a_o sober_a life_n and_o when_o we_o have_v instance_a that_o noble_a and_o celebrate_a maxim_n of_o epicurus_n sapientem_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la amaturum_fw-la nunquam_fw-la prodesse_fw-la venerea_fw-la therefore_o i_o shall_v here_o only_o observe_v some_o thing_n in_o general_a and_o then_o more_o particular_o in_o general_n that_o the_o praise_n and_o advantage_n of_o these_o two_o virtue_n seem_v for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o consist_v not_o in_o the_o withdraw_a ourselves_o from_o live_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o brute_n in_o respect_n of_o lust_n and_o pleasure_n but_o rather_o to_o approach_v near_a to_o '_o they_o this_o will_v not_o seem_v so_o great_a a_o paradox_n if_o we_o do_v but_o consider_v that_o we_o be_v very_o frequent_o more_o intemperate_a and_o worse_o than_o those_o creature_n that_o follow_v the_o mere_a dictate_v of_o nature_n whereas_o we_o debauch_v and_o abuse_v nature_n for_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o that_o strong_a inclination_n and_o desire_n which_o we_o have_v for_o eat_v and_o drink_v be_v natural_a see_v we_o find_v it_o equal_o in_o all_o animal_n and_o proceed_v from_o the_o institution_n of_o nature_n who_o have_v ordain_v that_o by_o food_n
attend_v you_o the_o most_o esteem_v of_o man_n and_o the_o most_o admirable_a be_v mercy_n for_o nothing_o make_v we_o so_o like_o the_o god_n as_o to_o give_v life_n to_o man_n your_o fortune_n have_v nothing_o great_a than_o to_o be_v able_a and_o your_o soul_n and_o disposition_n nothing_o better_a than_o to_o be_v willing_a to_o preserve_v many_o and_o though_o seneca_n say_v that_o mercy_n be_v the_o weakness_n of_o a_o mean_a spirit_n that_o it_o be_v common_a to_o the_o most_o wicked_a and_o that_o we_o see_v none_o but_o old_a woman_n and_o general_o the_o female_a sex_n who_o be_v move_v and_o pity_v the_o tear_n of_o the_o great_a villain_n who_o if_o not_o strong_o guard_v will_v break_v their_o prison_n yet_o he_o confess_v that_o many_o extol_v this_o virtue_n and_o name_v a_o honest_a man_n a_o merciful_a man._n but_o he_o understand_v the_o matter_n as_o the_o stoic_n do_v who_o pretend_v that_o a_o wise_a man_n be_v never_o move_v with_o compassion_n nor_o pardon_n any_o but_o though_o the_o stoic_n will_v have_v the_o mind_n of_o a_o wise_a man_n not_o subject_a to_o displeasure_n and_o consequent_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v move_v with_o the_o calamity_n of_o other_o nevertheless_o the_o peripatetic_n and_o all_o other_o maintan_o that_o he_o may_v be_v move_v moderate_o that_o so_o he_o may_v thereby_o be_v excite_v to_o succour_v and_o assist_v such_o as_o be_v in_o misery_n i_o confess_v it_o be_v no_o advantage_n to_o a_o man_n in_o misery_n that_o other_o shall_v be_v move_v or_o afflict_v for_o his_o calamity_n for_o that_o be_v only_o so_o far_o serviceable_a as_o to_o incline_v we_o to_o assist_v he_o and_o therefore_o we_o be_v not_o to_o be_v blame_v for_o keep_v ourselves_o from_o a_o affliction_n which_o be_v hurtful_a and_o bring_v no_o profit_n however_o yet_o it_o tend_v to_o excite_v and_o further_o our_o assistance_n moreover_o it_o be_v also_o human_a and_o natural_a to_o be_v afflict_v with_o those_o that_o suffer_v nay_o it_o be_v to_o be_v suspect_v that_o our_o assistance_n will_v be_v but_o slender_a and_o backward_a if_o it_o be_v not_o encourage_v by_o a_o inward_a motion_n for_o that_o reason_n we_o be_v not_o altogether_o to_o condemn_v this_o inward_a inclination_n because_o we_o may_v have_v it_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o it_o may_v not_o be_v a_o torment_n to_o we_o but_o rather_o the_o natural_a effect_n of_o a_o free_a and_o generous_a propensity_n to_o act_n of_o humanity_n and_o charity_n of_o modesty_n and_o humility_n we_o shall_v next_o speak_v of_o modesty_n which_o though_o it_o be_v of_o a_o large_a extent_n yet_o chief_o consist_v in_o moderate_v our_o passion_n in_o the_o pursuit_n of_o honour_n and_o glory_n now_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o this_o virtue_n draw_v near_a to_o a_o defect_n than_o to_o a_o excess_n in_o that_o pride_n be_v rather_o opposite_a to_o it_o than_o the_o contempt_n of_o honour_n i_o confess_v aristotle_n call_v he_o modest_a only_a who_o deserve_v but_o little_a and_o in_o reality_n fancy_n according_a to_o his_o desert_n but_o the_o name_n of_o modest_a seem_v likewise_o applicable_a to_o he_o who_o though_o he_o may_v deserve_v much_o nevertheless_o have_v no_o overweaned_a opinion_n of_o himself_o nor_o do_v he_o strict_o exact_v all_o the_o honour_n and_o respect_v due_a to_o he_o for_o know_v the_o weakness_n of_o human_a nature_n and_o remember_v his_o frail_a condition_n begin_v to_o suspect_v that_o the_o opinion_n that_o he_o entertain_v of_o his_o own_o merit_n may_v deceive_v he_o and_o true_o that_o magnanimity_n so_o much_o extol_v by_o aristotle_n seem_v rather_o to_o consist_v in_o prompt_v we_o to_o aim_v at_o and_o attempt_v great_a thing_n than_o believe_v that_o we_o merit_n or_o deserve_v '_o they_o beside_o it_o seem_v not_o to_o be_v puff_v up_o nor_o boast_v of_o its_o desert_n by_o decline_a honour_n but_o at_o least_o admit_v and_o receive_v they_o with_o modesty_n in_o a_o word_n our_o express_v our_o modesty_n in_o our_o action_n and_o behaviour_n be_v as_o the_o crown_n and_o completion_n of_o our_o great_a and_o noble_a deed_n therefore_o it_o be_v not_o without_o cause_n that_o the_o ancient_n have_v compare_v a_o man_n of_o merit_n and_o virtue_n to_o a_o ear_n of_o wheat_n which_o the_o full_a it_o be_v the_o more_o it_o stoop_v and_o demosthenes_n observe_v that_o a_o man_n who_o be_v solid_o learn_v be_v so_o far_o from_o boast_v of_o it_o that_o he_o blush_v when_o any_o one_o seem_v to_o extol_v and_o praise_v he_o but_o we_o must_v not_o therefore_o think_v that_o this_o modesty_n be_v the_o same_o which_o we_o call_v pusillanimity_n which_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v when_o any_o one_o believe_v that_o he_o deserve_v less_o than_o real_o he_o do_v for_o this_o pusillanimity_n or_o bashfulness_n consist_v also_o in_o have_v rather_o a_o apprehension_n and_o fear_n of_o undertake_v great_a thing_n than_o in_o believe_v that_o we_o deserve_v '_o they_o now_o as_o in_o a_o man_n of_o great_a worth_n ostentation_n lessen_v the_o glory_n of_o his_o merit_n and_o darken_v it_o very_o much_o so_o it_o be_v a_o odious_a and_o vainglorious_a thing_n in_o a_o man_n of_o no_o merit_n to_o be_v puff_v up_o with_o the_o overweaned_a conceit_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o own_o action_n vainglory_n have_v this_o evil_a attend_v that_o it_o be_v approve_v by_o none_o but_o hate_v of_o all_o the_o world_n whereas_o modesty_n have_v this_o advantage_n that_o there_o be_v no_o body_n but_o delight_n in_o it_o and_o love_v it_o from_o whence_o we_o may_v here_o observe_v that_o this_o modesty_n be_v not_o such_o a_o contempt_n of_o honour_n as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n between_o thing_n honorary_a and_o thing_n blame-worthy_a but_o only_o a_o contempt_n of_o honour_n without_o merit_n or_o mere_o in_o affectation_n and_o which_o differ_v much_o from_o that_o which_o be_v real_a in_o the_o opinion_n of_o good_a man_n and_o which_o we_o due_o obtain_v when_o we_o be_v judge_v worthy_a of_o it_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o agreeable_a with_o truth_n that_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o a_o honest_a man_n undertake_v great_a thing_n to_o deserve_v this_o opinion_n neverthelss_o he_o observe_v the_o rule_n of_o modesty_n to_o avoid_v the_o shame_n and_o disgrace_v that_o vainglory_n draw_v upon_o we_o so_o that_o we_o may_v true_o say_v that_o the_o less_o we_o seek_v after_o honour_n the_o easy_o and_o the_o soon_o we_o obtain_v it_o it_o be_v more_o glorious_a as_o a_o ancient_a author_n observe_v to_o ask_v why_o a_o statue_n have_v not_o be_v erect_v for_o such_o a_o one_o than_o why_o it_o have_v we_o may_v likewise_o understand_v that_o modesty_n hinder_v not_o those_o who_o be_v advance_v to_o a_o dignity_n to_o maintain_v the_o honour_n of_o that_o post_n for_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n or_o kingdom_n that_o those_o who_o govern_n shall_v be_v honour_v for_o fear_n if_o contempt_n shall_v creep_v in_o the_o government_n will_v suffer_v by_o it_o and_o that_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o our_o dignity_n be_v no_o vain_a glory_n but_o a_o real_a act_n of_o justice_n as_o the_o neglect_n of_o it_o seem_v not_o so_o much_o to_o be_v a_o private_a modesty_n as_o a_o public_a injury_n now_o all_o that_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o modesty_n may_v be_v say_v of_o humility_n as_o it_o be_v a_o religious_a virtue_n for_o though_o heathen_a author_n look_v upon_o it_o as_o proceed_n from_o a_o mean_a abject_a spirit_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v with_o great_a reason_n that_o the_o holy_a penman_n look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o very_a great_a degree_n of_o modesty_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v judge_v so_o much_o the_o more_o perfect_a because_o it_o come_v from_o a_o love_n of_o piety_n and_o suppose_v it_o be_v true_a and_o sincere_a and_o not_o feign_v nor_o hypocritical_a it_o remove_v and_o banish_v all_o vainglory_n for_o though_o the_o modesty_n of_o the_o philosopher_n seem_v outward_o to_o despise_v honour_n yet_o it_o exclude_v not_o all_o the_o other_o passion_n but_o this_o religious_a humility_n ascribe_v to_o god_n all_o honour_n and_o glory_n i_o say_v upon_o condition_n that_o it_o be_v sincere_a for_o there_o be_v sometime_o hypocrisy_n mingle_v with_o it_o therefore_o we_o need_v not_o wonder_v that_o some_o have_v exclaim_v against_o diogenes_n and_o some_o other_o of_o the_o philosopher_n that_o they_o have_v conquer_v one_o kind_n of_o vanity_n by_o exalt_v another_o but_o it_o be_v not_o without_o ground_n what_o we_o say_v before_o that_o this_o modesty_n be_v of_o a_o large_a extent_n because_o it_o appear_v in_o all_o the_o thing_n which_o we_o desire_v to_o draw_v from_o honour_n or_o praise_n and_o in_o virtue_n itself_o which_o doubtless_o
it_o prohibit_v adultery_n in_o that_o of_o gentleness_n it_o command_v we_o to_o strike_v no_o body_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o to_o speak_v evil_a of_o they_o and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n but_o not_o to_o insist_v too_o long_o upon_o this_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v question_v but_o that_o the_o two_o chief_a office_n or_o general_a duty_n of_o justice_n consist_v in_o hurt_v or_o do_v wrong_a to_o no_o body_n and_o in_o give_v or_o render_v to_o every_o one_o that_o which_o he_o may_v lawful_o claim_v which_o be_v common_o express_v in_o holy_a writ_n by_o these_o word_n declina_fw-la a_o malo_fw-la &_o fac_fw-la bonum_fw-la fly_v from_o evil_a and_o do_v good_a this_o have_v give_v occasion_n to_o the_o lawyer_n to_o define_v justice_n a_o constant_a and_o perpetual_a will_n or_o resolution_n to_o give_v or_o restore_v to_o every_o one_o his_o right_n that_o be_v to_o say_v what_o just_o belong_v to_o he_o this_o definition_n cause_v we_o to_o make_v two_o observation_n first_o that_o it_o be_v not_o without_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v name_v a_o will_n or_o resolution_n for_o though_o this_o word_n may_v signify_v the_o action_n of_o the_o will_n or_o the_o faculty_n itself_o nevertheless_o as_o they_o add_v further_o that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o constant_a and_o perpetual_a willingness_n they_o hereby_o understand_v the_o habit_n itself_o of_o will_v which_o express_v the_o nature_n and_o true_a praise_n of_o justice_n for_o to_o deserve_v commendation_n for_o this_o virtue_n it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o perform_v some_o just_a act_n see_v that_o he_o who_o may_v do_v they_o without_o knowledge_n or_o for_o fear_n or_o for_o a_o friend_n sake_n or_o for_o gain_n or_o for_o some_o other_o such_o consideration_n can_v therefore_o be_v just_o nor_o be_v say_v to_o do_v just_o because_o the_o end_n cease_v he_o will_v act_v otherwise_o but_o to_o be_v just_a he_o must_v proceed_v willing_o of_o his_o own_o accord_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o justice_n therefore_o aristotle_n put_v a_o difference_n between_o a_o just_a action_n and_o a_o action_n do_v just_o because_o it_o be_v the_o will_n alone_o that_o make_v the_o deed_n to_o be_v just_o or_o unjust_o do_v and_o that_o he_o who_o only_o do_v no_o wrong_n be_v not_o esteem_v just_o but_o he_o who_o notwithstanding_o his_o capacity_n to_o act_v unjust_o yet_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n do_v it_o as_o philemon_n say_v sed_fw-la qui_fw-la facere_fw-la licet_fw-la potis_fw-la non_fw-la vult_fw-la tamen_fw-la and_o he_o who_o aim_v at_o no_o private_a glory_n but_o desire_v rather_o to_o be_v true_o just_a than_o to_o appear_v so_o vult_fw-la esse_fw-la iustùs_fw-la quam_fw-la videry_a magis_fw-la second_o that_o it_o be_v not_o also_o without_o reason_n that_o they_o add_v to_o render_v to_o every_o one_o his_o right_n because_o these_o word_n comprehend_v the_o function_n and_o the_o proper_a act_n of_o justice_n and_o beside_o signify_v from_o whence_o this_o mediocrity_n be_v to_o be_v take_v which_o aristotle_n require_v to_o place_v justice_n in_o the_o number_n of_o the_o virtue_n for_o justice_n be_v not_o as_o the_o other_o virtue_n between_o two_o opposite_a vice_n for_o there_o be_v but_o one_o only_a contrary_a to_o it_o namely_o injustice_n but_o nevertheless_o it_o be_v employ_v in_o render_v that_o which_o be_v right_o which_o be_v to_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o mediocrity_n or_o equality_n upon_o which_o aristotle_n observe_v in_o the_o first_o place_n of_o retaliation_n that_o retaliation_n or_o as_o the_o latin_n term_v it_o perpessio_fw-la reciproca_fw-la a_o mutual_a suffer_v be_v no_o right_a or_o equity_n simple_o so_o take_v whatever_o pythagoras_n disciple_n pretend_v to_o who_o seem_v to_o approve_v of_o the_o justice_n that_o be_v ascribe_v to_o radamanthus_n aequum_fw-la jus_o fuerit_fw-la si_fw-la quae_fw-la egit_fw-la quis_fw-la patiatur_fw-la to_o make_v a_o man_n suffer_v the_o same_o evil_n which_o he_o have_v commit_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v because_o retaliation_n can_v be_v find_v in_o distributive_a justice_n where_o a_o respect_n be_v to_o be_v have_v to_o the_o worth_n and_o to_o the_o person_n for_o example_n if_o a_o magistrate_n strike_v any_o body_n he_o ought_v not_o therefore_o to_o be_v strike_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o it_o will_v not_o be_v sufficient_a that_o he_o who_o shall_v give_v a_o box_n on_o the_o ear_n to_o a_o magistrate_n shall_v only_o receive_v such_o another_o for_o it_o but_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v punish_v more_o severe_o i_o shall_v not_o here_o mention_v that_o a_o regard_n ought_v to_o be_v have_v chief_o to_o that_o which_o be_v do_v willing_o and_o that_o which_o be_v act_v against_o our_o will._n neither_o have_v it_o any_o room_n in_o that_o part_n of_o commutative_a justice_n which_o respect_v the_o action_n and_o which_o be_v proper_o call_v corrective_a for_o if_o for_o a_o tooth_n pull_v out_o we_o only_o pull_v out_o a_o tooth_n or_o a_o eye_n for_o a_o eye_n we_o do_v hereby_o do_v right_o because_o there_o be_v no_o amends_o make_v for_o the_o injury_n or_o wrong_n do_v but_o we_o must_v as_o much_o as_o be_v possible_a recompense_n the_o mischief_n do_v either_o by_o money_n or_o some_o other_o expedient_a which_o the_o judge_n shall_v think_v convenient_a therefore_o it_o may_v have_v place_n in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o commutative_a justice_n which_o respect_v the_o thing_n or_o the_o exchange_n make_v in_o recompense_n of_o it_o aristotle_n observe_v in_o the_o second_o place_n that_o for_o this_o kind_n of_o justice_n there_o be_v nothing_o can_v be_v invent_v more_o convenient_a than_o gold_n silver_n or_o something_o of_o like_a value_n for_o as_o human_a society_n subsist_v by_o a_o necessary_a supply_n of_o one_o another_o want_n we_o can_v otherwise_o redress_v this_o defect_n than_o by_o exchange_n or_o commutation_n and_o that_o this_o be_v to_o be_v do_v by_o some_o equality_n that_o be_v to_o be_v find_v out_o now_o what_o equality_n can_v we_o find_v between_o two_o thing_n so_o different_a for_o example_n as_o a_o horse_n and_o box_n on_o the_o ear._n as_o therefore_o we_o can_v find_v any_o equality_n as_o to_o the_o thing_n nevertheless_o as_o by_o custom_n we_o have_v make_v money_n a_o equivalent_a to_o every_o thing_n else_o by_o this_o as_o by_o a_o common_a measure_n we_o may_v adjust_a to_o every_o man_n his_o due_a right_n three_o a_o judge_n aught_o sometimei_v to_o do_v right_o not_o strict_o as_o the_o law_n prescribe_v but_o as_o we_o usual_o say_v according_a to_o equity_n exit_fw-la aequo_fw-la &_o bono_fw-mi for_o as_o the_o law_n order_v nothing_o but_o under_o general_a term_n and_o that_o often_o there_o happen_v particular_a case_n in_o which_o because_o of_o certain_a circumstance_n none_o can_v judge_v according_a to_o the_o strict_a letter_n of_o the_o law_n without_o great_a unjustice_n for_o that_o reason_n say_v he_o if_o a_o legislator_n have_v omit_v or_o fail_v in_o any_o thing_n which_o he_o have_v absolute_o enjoin_v here_o we_o must_v supply_v what_o be_v defective_a in_o this_o lawgiver_n and_o what_o he_o himself_o will_v have_v ordain_v by_o this_o law_n if_o he_o have_v be_v now_o present_a or_o have_v know_v of_o it_o before_o nay_o the_o interpreter_n of_o the_o law_n go_v yet_o far_o and_o say_v if_o the_o law_n have_v command_v that_o no_o stranger_n shall_v walk_v upon_o the_o bulwark_n we_o must_v not_o therefore_o put_v to_o death_n one_o who_o be_v go_v thither_o to_o defend_v the_o town_n and_o repulse_v the_o enemy_n for_o if_o the_o lawgiver_n have_v foresee_v such_o a_o case_n he_o doubtless_o have_v make_v such_o a_o exception_n for_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v common_o say_v that_o under_o strict_a and_o severe_a law_n we_o ought_v to_o implore_v the_o assistance_n of_o the_o judge_n to_o make_v a_o reasonable_a and_o equitable_a construction_n judicis_fw-la auxilium_fw-la sub_fw-la iniqua_fw-la lege_fw-la rogato_fw-la ipsae_fw-la etenim_fw-la leges_fw-la cupiunt_fw-la ut_fw-la jure_fw-la regantur_fw-la but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o definition_n of_o justice_n as_o this_o part_n of_o the_o definition_n viz._n to_o render_v to_o every_o one_o his_o right_n oblige_v we_o to_o understand_v and_o seek_v more_o at_o large_a what_o this_o right_n be_v and_o from_o whence_o it_o derive_v its_o original_a let_v we_o consider_v first_o that_o this_o word_n be_v take_v in_o several_a sense_n its_o primitive_a signification_n be_v that_o right_o be_v a_o faculty_n to_o do_v something_o to_o have_v something_o to_o enjoy_v and_o to_o do_v one_o self_n right_o in_o something_o from_o thence_o we_o say_v to_o keep_v to_o retain_v to_o recover_v to_o pursue_v one_o right_a to_o yield_v to_o abate_v and_o surrender_v one_o right_a to_o enjoy_v one_o right_a or_o to_o be_v at_o our_o own_o command_n esse_fw-la svi_fw-la juris_fw-la etc._n