Selected quad for the lemma: virtue_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
virtue_n	action_n	motive_n	virtuous_a	803	5	11.1195	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A20926	The painting of the ancients in three bookes: declaring by historicall observations and examples, the beginning, progresse, and consummation of that most noble art. And how those ancient artificers attained to their still so much admired excellencie. Written first in Latine by Franciscus Junius, F.F. And now by him Englished, with some additions and alterations.; De pictura veterum libri tres. English	Junius, Franciscus, 1589-1677.	1638 (1638)	STC 7302; ESTC S110933	239,341	370

occasions yet was this alwayes the chiefest motive That generous spirits seeing Vertue so much honoured should likewise be provoked unto vertuous actions There is good reason why the memory of great vertues should be reputed a sacred thing seeing a great many doe delight more in vertuous courses if the favourable estimation of good men do not perish with them sayth Seneca lib. iv de Benef. cap. 30. The rewards of good and bad men make men good or bad Few haue so much goodnesse by nature as not to chuse or shunne honest or dishonest things as they see other men speedwell or ill by them The rest when they see that the reward of labor vigilancy and frugality is bestowed upon lazinesse drowsinesse and luxurie study also to obtaine the same rewards by the same meanes others have obtained them they do therefore desire to be and to seeme such as those were and whilest they doe so much desire to bee like them they are quickely made like them saith Pliny in his Panegyrick Oration Because by the ornaments bestowed vpon good men we are stirred vp to imitate them and an emulating vertue is led by the honours conferred upon others Hence it was that in the rudest times of antiquitie those that excelled in vertue being expressed by the hand of Art were transmitted to the memorie of posteritie And it were to be wished that the base remisnesse of flatterers had not afterwards any thing derogated from that glory although those honours are not to be esteemed of equall value that are obtained by uneqall meanes Symmachus lib. x. Epist 25. Images of men were seldome expressed saith Pliny * Lib. xxxiv Nat. hist cap. 4. but of such onely as for some noble act had deserved perpetuitie First for victory in one or other of the sacred Games but most of all of the Olympian games where it was the custom to consecrate the statues of all them that had overcome and if any had overcome thrice in the said Games their similitude was expressed out of their very limmes which kinde of statues were called Iconicae statuae This custome hath afterwards beene received in the whole world by a most curteous ambition for statues have now begun to bee an ornament of the market places in all municipall townes so is it also an ordinary thing to prorogate the memory of men and to write upon the bases such titles of honours that all Ages might reade them there lest they should be read only upon sepulchres Privat houses likewise and their halls afterwards became like market places the respect Clients bore their patrons first instituted to worship them after this maner The publique libraries were also furnished with the golden silver and brasse Images of those whose immortall soules did speake in these places This was at Rome the invention of Asinius Pollio saith Pliny * Lib. xxxv Nat. hist cap. 2. who when he did dedicate a Library made a commonwealth of wits Yet is it not easie for me to say whether the Kings of Alexandria and Pergamus who erected libraries for strife did it before him or not See the younger Pliny lib. IV. cap. 28. And although the Images of the deceased were onely dedicated in publique Libraries yet hath the veneration of learning prevailed so much that the image of M. Varro alone before his death should find a place in the Library published by Asinius Pollio See Pliny lib. vii Nat. hist cap. 30. As for private Libraries Martial * In ipso stat initio Libri noni teacheth us That in them the Images of such Writers as were as yet surviving might bee admitted Our forefathers had images in their halls that deserved to bee looked upon sayth Pliny * Lib. xxxv Nat. hist cap. 2. not the works of forrein Artificers notable for the brasse or the marble Faces expressed in waxe were orderly placed in every hollownesse fitted for such use that there might not want Images to accompany the funerals of every family and alwayes when any one was dead the whole people of that family as many as ever had beene famous were present there The degrees also of Kindred set forth in garlands did reach unto the painted Images and the roomes neer the Court-yard where their records and evidences were kept did abound with books and monuments of noble deeds performed when they were in authoritie Without doores about the haunse or frontier there did appeare other Images of great spirits the spoyles taken from their enemies being fastned there that the buyer might not breake them off The houses themselves did triumph though their masters were changed so was this also a great pricking of their mindes the houses daily upbraiding them that an unwarlike master did step into another mans triumph We must needs bring in here the words of Sallustius I have often heard saith hee * De Bello Jugurth that Q. Maxumus P. Scipio and other great men of our city were wont to say That they felt their mindes mightily inflamed to vertue when they did but looke upon the Images of their Ancestors not that there was any such force in that wax and figure but that the memory of their famous acts did kindle this flame in the brests of brave men which could not be quenched untill by a vertuous course they had attained to their fame and glory See also Valer. Maximus lib. v. cap. 8. Exemplo 3. Julius Caesar as it is reported by Dio Cassius * Lib. xxxvii seeing a statue of the Great Alexander in Hercules his Temple at Gades fetched many a deepe sigh pittifully bemoaning his owne condition That he had not yet by any noble act consecrated his memory unto eternitie As they had now the images of their noble ancestors in their halls so did they very often carry them about in their rings Lentulus a most desperate companion of Cateline had his grandfathers image ingraven in the ring hee did weare and sealed his Letters with it I have shewed the Letters unto Lentulus saith Tully * Orat. 3. in L. Catilinam asking him whether hee knew the seale which being confessed by him It is truly sayd I a seale very well knowne being the image of your most famous grandfather who loved his countrey and countreymen dearely and this speechlesse image might very wel haue recalled you from such wicked attempts Lest therefore any such reproches should light upon any noble branch of an ancient stocke all such as were allyed to great houses did by a just severity refuse to acknowledge such noble monsters as began to darken the brightnesse of their ancestors The sonne of Scipio Africanus was set upon by the whole kinred when shamefully degenerating he did nothing but disgrace the images of his glorious father and famous Uncle His kinsfolks pulled the ring from his hand saith Valerius Maximus * Lib. iii. c. 5. Exemplo 1. in which Scipio Africanus his head was ingraven § 8. Picture in my opinion was most of

THE PAINTING OF THE ANCIENTS in three Bookes Declaring by Historicall Observations and Examples THE BEGINNING PROGRESSE AND CONSVMMATION of that most Noble ART And how those ancient ARTIFICERS attained to their still so much admired Excellencie Written first in Latine by FRANCISCUS JUNIUS F. F. And now by Him Englished with some Additions and Alterations LONDON Printed by Richard Hodgkinsonne and are to be sold by Daniel Frere at the signe of the Bull in Little-Britain 1638. TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE COUNTESSE of ARUNDELL and SURREY my singular good Ladie and Mistresse MADAME AS the sweet and glorious harmony of your heroicall vertues in so high a birth most happily conjoyned and matched with the most illustrious Lord your husband the very patterne of true Nobilitie enforceth the world farre and neere with honour and admiration to behold and renowne you so doth my condition require that I within this little Britain world in which wee live should unto your publike glory adde my particular testimony of your bountie and munificence whereby I am engaged above any other of your servants to seeke any means both to intimate my humble dutie and to professe my thankfull mind to your noble familie Neither needed I goe farre to find my occasion and subject but even to make use of that which in your service and within the walls of your own house I had produced I meane my observations of the manner of painting in use among the ancients For seeing your Ladiship upon the first sight of my Latine copie was pleased to expresse your desire of having it Englished there seemed a way to be opened unto me of effecting that my serviceable intent and the rather because some things having passed therein which as one day teacheth another in the review and more mature cogitation I wished might be altered I thought best to begin that correction in this present Edition Nor doe I so much over-ween but that I see and confesse that this translation befitteth rather the native fluency of one in-bred than the forced stile of a forrainer and therfore unto severe eyes it might seeme an unpardonable presumption to have taken upon me a burden so unfit for my shoulders to beare and therewith to interrupt your higher conceits yet feeling my selfe inspired with courage by the signification of your noble desire which wrought in my heart what an absolute command useth to worke in others I stoutly fell to my taske Wherein I doubt not but that if your Honor by a favourable construction shall judge me not altogether undutifull though not precisely officious others also will think that this my forwardnesse in accomplishing your desire may make all pardonable if not in some degree acceptable Howsoever these rude and imperfect attempts of your dutifull servant shall finde their chiefest protection and perfection in wearing the faire and glorious livery of your most noble and worthy name And thus humbly laying both my selfe and my endeavours at the feet of your Ladiship to whom I wish all encrease of honor and happinesse I ever remaine Your Honors humbly devoted servant FRANCISCUS JUNIUS F. F. From Arundell-house Anno 1638. Mart. 28. PEr legi hunc Tractatum cui titulus est The Painting of the Antients c. in quo nihil reperio quo minùs cum utilitate publicâ imprimatur it a tamen ut si non intra tres menses proximè sequentes typis mandetur haec Licentia sit omninò irrita R mo in Christo Patri ac D ro D. Arch. Cant. Sacellanus Domesticus Ex Aedibus Lambethanis Mart. 28. 1638. GUIL BARY ERRATA PAge 12 line 31. read hafte p. 79 l. 7. r. Himerius p. 94 l. 25. r. checker-worke-like p. 107 l. 6. r. Euphorion p. 107 l. 7. r. scholiast p. 138. l. 1. r. Oppianus p. 177. l. 17. paroemiographers p. 202 l. 12. r. Agatharchus p. 214 l. 17. r. exposed p. 217 l. 19. r. Cities p. 286. l. 5. r. too p. 286 l. 13. r. ingenuous p. 287 l. 12. adde can p. 311 l. 8. r. accompting p. 322 l. 20. r. faire p. 324. l. 6. r. fitteth p. 329 l. 12. adde an Whereas there be some few faults escaped in the marginall and other quotations the Latine copie may give direction for amendme●● of the same THE FIRST BOOKE THE ARGUMENT MY purpose is by Gods assistance to set forth the Art of painting as in old times it hath begun as it was promoted as it came to that wonderfull perfection mentioned in ancient Authors The first booke toucheth the first beginnings of Picture The second booke propoundeth diverse meanes tending to the advancement of this Art The third booke speaketh of the maine grounds of Art the which being well observed by the old Artificers made them come neerer to the height of perfection As concerning the First booke after a generall observation of the inbred delight men take in the imitation of the workes of Nature wee doe therein urge somewhat further that this delight stirred up by our imagination emboldeneth it selfe and still doth by little and little undertake greater matters shunning onely that same immoderate study of such foolish and giddy-headed fancies as young beginners often are carried away withall Seeing also that many Artificers seeme to have drawne that same love of new-fangled conceits from Poets I did not thinke it amisse to shew what affinitie there is between Poefie and Picture adding upon the same occasion how they are to prepare themselves that would willingly attaine to some skill in judging the workes of excellent Masters LIB I. CHAP. I. THe good and great maker of this Universe created the world after so glorious and beautifull a manner that the Greekes together with the Romanes a consent also of the Nations perswading them thereunto * Plin. lib. II. nat hist ca. 4. have called it by the name of an Ornament Moreover Man whom many ancient Authors * Manil. lib. IV. Astron Galenus lib. III. de usu partium corporis humani Nemesius ca. I. de Naturâ hominis Jul. Firmicus in praefat libri Tertii Mathes call the little world is not made after the image of God to resemble the wilde beasts in following of their lusts but that the memory of his originall should lift up his noble soule to the love of a vertuous desire of glory This opinion was of old grafted in the hearts of good men neither doe the learned onely but the vulgar sort also esteem the way of vertue to be the true way by which our mortall and transitory condition attaineth to an everlasting fame But among such a number of vertuous courses as may serve to get a great and durable renowne every one doth most commonly deliberate with his own naturall inclination The one by a praise-worthy boldnesse undertaketh to compasse with his understanding the unmeasurable measures of heaven leaving unto the following ages a full account of the innumerable number of heavenly lights as a most certain and sure inheritance sayth

her manners Plin. xxxv 9. Echion made a new maried and notably shame-faced woman Plin. xxxv 10. Aristides Thebanus painted a running chariot drawn with foure horses he made also a Suppliant in a manner expressing his voice it selfe Plin. xxxv 10. Antiphilus is commended for a boy blowing the fire and a faire house beginning to glitter but especially for the lads mouth He is likewise commended for a picture of spindle worke wherein the threads of every spinning woman seem to make very great haste Plin. xxxv 11. Boëthus his Babe doth wonderfully strangle a goose Pliny xxxiv 8. Philoxenus Eretrius made the picture of Wantonnesse wherein three Silenusses do most riotously banquet Pliny xxxv 10. Parrhasius made two very famous pictures knowne by the name Hoplitides pictures of armed men the one doth so runne his race as that hee seemeth to sweat the other putting off his armor may be perceived to draw his breath with much difficulty Plin. xxxv 10. Praxiteles made two figures expressing severall effects the one representeth a weeping matron the other resembleth a rejoycing whore It is thought that it is Phryne and many doe perceive in her the love shee bore the Artificer and a reward withall in the countenance of the whore Plin. xxxiv 8. Euphranor made Alexander Paris and it is wonderfull in this picture That Paris may be understood at once to be a Judge of the goddesses a wooer of Helena and yet a killer of Achilles Plin. xxxiv 8. § 4. This was a great point and mightily studied of the Antients seeing the whole labour of art wanting this life of manners is but a dry barren and unpleasant toile without either soule or spirit Neither is there any thing which can adde a more lively and forcible grace to the worke than the likenesse of an outward motion proceeding from the inward commotions of the minde Socrates therefore doth urge this very much in his most excellent discourse held with Parrhasius the Painter and with Clito the Statuarie See Xenophon lib. III Apomnem When I say that this point was much studied of the Antients my meaning is not that an Artificer should keepe himselfe too busie about these affections and passions of the minde The heate of our stirred thoughts sayth Quintilian * Lib. X orat instit cap. 3. doeth most commonly do more in these things than diligence And whosoever presumeth to beat out the true images of all manner of affections and passions by an immoderate eagernesse of thinking the same shall questionlesse finde himselfe deceived Study and diligence will never furnish us with such images as must readily flow out of the nature and constitution of the matter in hand An Artificer therfore who desireth to moove the spectator with his worke after it is finished had need first to be mooved himselfe when hee goeth about to conceive and to expresse his intended worke A minde rightly affected and passionated is the onely fountaine whereout there doe issue forth such violent streames of passions that the spectator not being able to resist is carried away against his will whithersoever the force of such an Imperious Art listeth to drive him See Hor. in art poët Afflicted folks their griefe beeing as yet fresh sayth Quintilian * Li. vi orat Instit ca. 2. seem to cry out some things most eloquently So doth anger sometimes make unlearned men well spoken and that for no other reason but because the force of their thorowly stirred minde worketh in them the truth of such passions If therefore we do desire to come neer the truth it is requisite that we should finde our selves even so affected as they are who suffer indeed Nothing can be inflamed without fire nothing can wet us without moisture neither is there ought which giveth unto another thing the colour it hath not Whatsoever therefore wee would have prevaile with others must first prevaile with us and wee shall endeavor in vain to moove others unlesse wee do finde our selves first moved But how shal this come to passe that we should be mooved seeing these commotions are not in our power Phantasie doth so represent unto our mind the images of things absent as if we had them at hand and saw them before our eyes Whosoever therefore conceiveth these images aright propounding unto himselfe the truth of things and actions the same is likely to be most powerfull in all manner of affections seeing his endeavors shall bee waited upon by a vertue knowne by the Greeke name Energia Tully calleth it Evidence and Perspicuitie This vertue seemeth to shew the whole matter and it bringeth to passe that the affections follow us with such a lively representation as if we were by at the doing of the things imagined Philostratus Iconum lib. II. in the pictures of Ajax Locrus and Thessalia giveth us examples of this Energia See the yonger Philostratus also in the picture of Pyrrhus Aristides Thebanus was the first who painted the mind expressing all the affections and perturbations One of his pieces contained the picture of an infant which in a surprised city crept to the breast of his mother that was a dying of a wound The mother may be understood to haue some feeling of it and she seemeth to feare lest the childe finding no milke should sucke up the bloud Plin. xxxv 10. Parrhasius painted two boyes in whom you may see the securitie and simplicitie of those yeares Plin. xxxv 10. Nicearchus painted Hercules sad for shame of his frenzy Plinie xxxv 11. Antiphilus painted Hippolytus frighted with the sea-monster Plinie xxxv 10. Ctesilas made a wounded man fainting so that one may understand by him how much life there is as yet left in him Plinie xxxiv 8. There are also among Apelles his workes diverse images of men that are a dying Plinie xxxv 10. Leocras made an eagle which felt in Ganymedes what he ravished and unto whom he was to carry it with-holding his clawes so carefully as not to pierce his garment by grappling Plinie xxxiv 8. Myron made a Satyr admiring the pipes Pline xxxiv 8. Naucerus made a Wrastler fetching of his winde Plinie xxxiv 8. Alcamenes his Vulcan is very much commended at Athens for though he standeth still and is apparelled yet doth there gently appeare in him a certaine kinde of well-favoured lamenesse Cicero lib. I de Nat. Deorum see likewise Valer. Maximus lib. VIII cap. 11 ex ext 3. Ctesilochus made himselfe knowne by a wanton picture having painted Jupiter as he was in labour of Bacchus among diverse Goddesses that played the mid-wives hee groneth most pittifully after the manner of women in travell and his head is wrapped about in a coife used by sicke folkes Plinie xxxv 11. Theodorus painted Leontium Epicurus his sweet-heart meditating Plinie xxxv 11. Lysippus is famous for a drunken woman playing upon a Fluit Plinie xxxiv 8. Myron who was much commended for working in brasse made at Smyrna a very famous olde drunken woman Plinie xxxvi 5. The