apprehended as Walter de Lacie and manie other At length comming into the countrie of Meth he besieged a castell wherein the wife of William de Breuse and hir sonne named also William were inclosed but they found means to escape before the castell was woone though afterward they were taken in the I le of Man and sent by the king into England where they were so straitlie kept within the castell of Windsor that as the fame went they were famished to death ¶ We read in an old historie of Flanders written by one whose name is not knowne but printed at Lions by Guillaume Rouille in the yeare 1562 that the said ladie wife to the lord William de Breuse presented vpon a time vnto the queene of England a gift of foure hundred kine and one bull of colour all white the eares excepted which were red Although this tale may séeme incredible yet if we shall consider that the said Breuse was a lord marcher and had goodlie possessions in Wales and on the marshes in which countries the most part of the peoples substance consisteth in cattell it may carrie with it the more likelihood of truth And suerlie the same author writeth of the iournie made this yeare into Ireland so sensiblie and namelie touching the manners of the Irish that he seemeth to haue had good informations sauing that he misseth in the names of men and places which is a fault in maner common to all forreine writers Touching the death of the said ladie he saith that within eleuen daies after she was committed to prison héere in England she was found dead sitting betwixt hir sonnes legs who likewise being dead sate directlie vp against a wall of the chamber wherein they were kept with hard pitance as writers doo report William the father escaped and got away into France Thus the more part of the Irish people being brought vnder he appointed Iohn Gray the bishop of Norwich to be his deputie there remoouing out of that office Hugh Lacie which bare great rule in that quarter before The bishop then being appointed deputie and cheefe iustice of Ireland reformed the coine there causing the same to be made of like weight and finenesse to the English coine so that the Irish monie was currant as well in England as in Ireland being of the like weight forme and finenesse to the English Moreouer those that inhabited the wood-countries and the mounteine places though they would not as then submit themselues he would not at that time further pursue bicause winter was at hand which in that countrie approcheth timelie in the yeare Hauing thus subdued the more part of all Ireland and ordred things there at his pleasure he tooke the sea againe with much triumph and landed in England about the thirtith day of August From hence he made hast to London and at his comming thither tooke counsell how to recouer the great charges and expenses that he had béene at in this iournie and by the aduise of William Brewer Robert de Turnham Reignold de Cornhill and Richard de Marish he caused all the cheefe prelats of England to assemble before him at S. Brides in London So that thither came all the abbats abbesses templers hospitallers kéepers of farmes and possessions of the order of Clugnie and other such forreners as had lands within this realme belonging to their houses All which were constreined to paie such a greeuous tax that the whole amounted to the summe of an hundred thousand pounds The moonks of the Cisteaux order otherwise called white moonks were constreined to paie 40 thousand pounds of siluer at this time all their priuileges to the contrarie notwithstanding Moreouer the abbats of that order might not get licence to go to their generall chapter that yéere which yeerelie was vsed to be holden least their complaint should mooue all the world against the king for his too too hard and seuere handling of them In the summer following about the 18 day of Iulie king Iohn with a mightie armie went into Wales and passing foorth into the inner parts of the countrie he came into Snowdon beating downe all that came in his way so that he subdued all the rulers and princes without contradiction And to be the better assured for their subiection in time following he tooke pledges of them to the number of 28 so returned to Album Monasterium on the daie of the Assumption of our ladie from whence he first set foorth into the Welsh confines In the same yeare also the pope sent two legats into England the one named Pandulph a lawier and the other Durant a templer who comming vnto king Iohn exhorted line 10 him with manie terrible words to leaue his stubborne disobedience to the church and to reforme his misdooings The king for his part quietlie heard them and bringing them to Northampton being not farre distant from the place where he met them vpon his returne foorth of Wales had much conference with them but at length when they perceiued that they could not haue their purpose neither for restitution of the goods belonging to préests which he had seized vpon neither of those that apperteined to line 20 certeine other persons which the king had gotten also into his hands by meanes of the controuersie betwixt him and the pope the legats departed leauing him accursed and the land interdicted as they found it at their comming ¶ Touching the maner of this interdiction there haue béene diuerse opinions some haue said that the land was interdicted throughlie and the churches and houses of religion closed vp that no where was anie diuine seruice vsed but it was not so streit for there line 30 were diuerse places occupied with diuine seruice all that time by certeine priuiledges purchased either then or before Children were also christened and men houseled and annoiled through all the land except such as were in the bill of excommunication by name expressed But to our purpose King Iohn after that the legats were returned toward Rome againe punished diuerse of those persons which had refused to go with him into Wales in like maner as he had doone those that refused to line 40 go with him into Scotland he tooke now of ech of them for euerie knights fée two marks of siluer as before is recited About the same time also Reginald earle of Bullongne being accursed in like maner as king Iohn was for certeine oppressions doone to poore men and namelie to certeine preests fled ouer into England bicause the French king had banished him out of France The chéefest cause of the French kings displeasure towards this earle may séeme to proceed of the line 50 amitie and league which was concluded betwixt king Iohn and the said earle in the first yeare of the said kings reigne whereby they bound themselues either to other not to make anie peace or to take anie truce
calleth Robert Biliberie frier preacher doctor of diuinitie was remoued from the archbishoprike of Canturburie line 20 to be bishop of Portua and afterward was made cardinall of saint Rufinian by pope Nicholas the third in the yeare of Christ as some saie 1277 and as others haue 1278 or 1273 being a-about the first yeare of Edward the first of that name king of England who died vnder the same pope Nicholas in the yeare of Christ 1280 as hath Onuphrius Barnard de Anguiscelle was remooued from the archbishoprike of Arras and made bishop of Portua line 30 and cardinall of saint Rufinian being a bishop cardinall and aduanced to that principalitie by pope Martine the fourth of that name in the yeare of our redemption 1291 being about the nintéenth yeare of the said Edward the first whome Onuphrius much mistaking himselfe maketh a Frenchman and Matthew Parker rightlie setteth him downe as an Englishman Hugh Attrat priest cardinall of the title of saint Laurence in Lucina was created cardinall by line 40 pope Martine the fourth in the yéere of our Lord 1281 he was also called Hugh of Euesham and died at Rome in the yeere of Christ 1287 whilest the sée was vacant being about the fifteenth yeere of Edward the first Berard or rather Bernard a cardinall of Prestina was aduanced to the dignitie of a cardinall by Nicholas the fourth of that name bishop of Rome in the yéere as I suppose 1298 though some saie in the yéere 1288 the error whereof I gather to be in the line 50 printer Leonard Guercine bishop cardinall of Alba was receiued to the scarlet hat and robe by pope Bonifacius the eight in the yéere of Christ 1300 being the eight and twentith of Edward the first William one of the order of the frier preachers doctor of diuinitie in Oxford priest cardinall of the title of saint Sabina to which place he was adopted by pope Benedict the eleuenth in the yéere 1303 being the one and thirtith yeere of Edward the first in line 60 which yeere he died in England Walter Winterborne that came in place of William last before named doctor of diuinitie of the order of frier preachers confessor to Edward the first and priest cardinall of the title of saint Sabina was by the said Benedict the eleuenth admitted to the college of cardinals in the yeare of Christ 1304 being the one and thirtith yeere of Edward the first which Walter small time inioied that place For going with other cardinals into France so into Italie he died at Genoa or Gene whose bodie being carried into England was buried in the church of the frier preachers in the yeere of Christ 1305 being the three and thirtith yeere of Edward the first Thomas Iorze a frier preacher doctor of diuinitie of Oxford confessor to Edward the first priest cardinall of the title of saint Sabina was created by pope Clement the fift in the yeere of Christ 1305 being the three and thirtith yéere of Edward the first or as saith Walsingham a little before Christmasse in the yéere of Christ 1306 who by him is also named Iorza This man as hath Onuphrius died in the iorneie he made as ambassador into Italie to Henrie the seuenth of that name emperour in the yéere 1311 the seuenth yeere of the popedome of Clement the fift who sent him in that ambassage his bodie was carried into England and buried at Oxford in a monasterie of the frier preachers Simon Langham abbat of Westminster treasuror of England bishop of Elie and of Canturburie and chancellor of England was elected to the honor of the purple hat and cardinall dignitie in the yéere of our redemption 1368 being the two and fortith yéere of king Edward the third And here because I would not set it downe in a distinct place as receiuing it for truth sith by search I find it not so what authoritie soeuer they that wrote the same had to lead them to it I will note an ouersight passed the fingers of Fabian Holinshed and Grafton all writers of our age who affirme that the bishop of Winchester in the fiue and fortith yéere of king Edward the third being a cardinall for so I gather by the words and circumstance of the storie with the bishop of Beauois likewise a cardinall were put in commission by pope Gregorie the eleuenth to treat betwixt the king of England and France But because I can not find in Onuphrius nor in Matthew Parker anie such cardinall set downe I doo not at this time imbrace it vntill I maie find better proofe thereof than the authoritie of Grafton Fabian and those before named especiallie sith that he which was then bishop of Winchester in the said fiue and fortith yéere of Edward the third and all they which were bishops of Winchester from the first yeare of the reigne of Edward the third vntill the yeare of Christ 1404 in which Henrie Beaufort was bishop of Winchester were neuer cardinals the said bishops in orderlie succession thus named Adam Orletie William de Edington William Wickham and then Henrie Beaufort who was a cardinall But these writers mistaking perchance the yeare of the king and the name of the bishops sée in the fiue and fortith yeare of Edward the third in which yeare Iohn Thorsbie was cardinall as after followeth haue in setting downe Winchester for Worcester committed a fault so easie it is for the printer or anie other to misplace and misname the one bishoprike for the other Iohn Thorsbie bishop of saint Dauids in Wales chancellor of England bishop of Worcester and after bishop of Yorke was made cardinall by Urban the fift then bishop of Rome as I suppose before the fiue and fortith yeare of Edward the third This man surrendred his life in the yeare of our redemption 1374 being the eight and fortith yeare of king Edward the third Adam priest cardinall of the title of saint Cicilia was inuested with the dignitie of a scarlet hat in the yeare of our redemption 1378 about the first yeare of Richard the second Holinshed mentioneth one Adam Eston to be a cardinall who considering the time when he liued must néeds be this man of whome he writeth in this sort Adam Eston well séene in all the toongs was made a cardinall by pope Gregorie the eleuenth but by pope Urban the siâ—t he was committed to prison in Genoa in the yeare of our redemption 1383 being about the seauenth yeare of Richard the second and by contemplation of the said king Richard was taken out of prison but not fullie deliuered vntill the daies of Boniface the ninth who in the yeare of our redemption 1389 about the thirteenth yeare of Richard the second restored the said Adam to his former dignitie all which Holinshed speaketh of him amongst the writers of England except the yeares of the Lord which I haue added out of Onuphrius and the yeares of the king which I haue ioined
daughters in hostage for more assurance of his dealing Wherevpon king Iohn after his returne from Norham which was about the 24 of Iune shewed himselfe not a little displeased with those of the nobilitie which had refused to attend vpon him in that iournie hauing receiued streit commandement from him to attend vpon him at that time Certes the cause why they refused to follow him was euident as they said in that they knew him to stand accursed by the pope About the same time also when corne began to wax ripe to reuenge himselfe of them that had refused to go with him in that iournie he caused the pales of all the parks forrests which he had within his realme to be throwne downe the diches to be made plaine that the déere breaking out and ranging abroad in the corne fields might destroie eat vp the same before it could be ripened for which act if it were so in déed manie a bitter cursse procéeded from the mouths of the poore husbandmen towards the kings person and not vnworthilie Moreouer in this season the Welshmen which thing had not beene séene afore time came vnto Woodstoke and there did homage vnto the king although the same was chargeable aswell to the rich as the poore so to come out of their countrie About the same time also it thanced that a preest slue a woman at Oxford and when the kings officers could not find him that had committed the murther they apprehended thrée other préests not guiltie of the fact and streightway hanged them vp without iudgement With which crueltie others of the Uniuersitie being put in feare departed thence in great numbers and came not thither againe of a long time after some of them repairing to Cambridge and some to Reading to applie their studies in those places leauing Oxford void The same yeare one Hugh archdeacon of Welles and kéeper of the kings great seale was nominated bishop of Lincolne and herewithall he craued licence to go ouer into France vnto the archbishop of Rouen that he might be consecrated of him Wherewith the king was contented and gladlie gaue him leaue who no sooner got ouer into Normandie but he streight tooke the high waie to Rome and there receiued his consecration of Stephan archbishop of Canturburie Now when the king vnderstood this matter and saw the dulnesse of the bishop he was in a wonderfull chafe toward him and thervpon made port-sale of all his goods and receiued the profit of the reuenues belonging to the sée of Lincolne for his owne vse ¶ There liued in those daies a diuine named Alexander Cementarius surnamed Theologus who by his preaching incensed the king greatlie vnto all crueltie as the moonks and friers saie against his subiects affirming that the generall scourge wherewith the people were afflicted chanced not through the princes fault but for the wickednesse of his people for the king was but the rod of the Lords wrath and to this end a prince was ordeined that he might rule the people with a rod of iron and breake them as an earthen vessell to chaine the mighty infetters the noble men in iron manacles He did see as it should seeme the euill disposed humors of the people concerning their dutifull obedience which they ought to haue borne to their naturall prince king Iohn and therefore as a doctrine most necessarie in that dangerous time he taught the people how they were by Gods lawes bound in dutie to obeie their lawfull prince and not through any wicked persuasion of busie heads and lewd discoursers to be carried away to forget their loiall allegiance and so to fall into the damnable sinke of rebellion He went about also to prooue with likelie arguments that it apperteined not to the pope to haue to doo concerning the temporall possessions of any kings or other potentats touching the rule and gouernment of their subiects sith no power was granted line 10 to Peter the speciall and cheefe of the apostles of the Lord but onlie touching the church and matters apperteining therevnto By such doctrine of him set foorth he wan in such wise the kings fauour that he obteined manie great preferments at the kings hands and was abbat of saint Austines in Canturburie but at lengâ—h when his manners were notified to the pope he tooke such order for him that he was despoiled of all his goods and benefices so that afterwards he was driuen in great miserie to beg his line 20 bread from doore to doore as some write This did he procure to himselfe by telling the trueth against that beast whose hornes were pricking at euerie christian prince that he might set himselfe in a seat of supremasie aboue all principalities so that we may saie In audaces non est audacia tuta Furthermore about the same time the king taxed the Iewes year 1210 and gréeuouslie tormented and emprisoned them bicause diuers of them would not willinglie pay the summes that they were taxed at Amongst line 30 other there was one of them at Bristow which would not consent to giue anie fine for his deliuerance wherefore by the kings commandement he was put vnto this penance that euerie daie till he would agrée to giue to the king those ten thousand marks that he was seized at he should haue one of his téeth plucked out of his head By the space of seauen daies togither he stood stedfast loosing euerie of those daies a tooth but on the eight day when he shuld come to haue the eight tooth and the last for he had but line 40 eight in all drawne out he paid the monie to saue that one who with more wisedome and lesse paine might haue doone so before and haue saued his seauen teeth which he lost with such torments for those homelie toothdrawers vsed no great cunning in plucking them foorth as may be coniectured Whilest king Iohn was thus occupied newes came to him that the Irish rebels made foule worke and sore annoied the English subiects He therefore assembling a mightie armie imbarked at Penbroke line 50 in Wales and so hasting towards Ireland arriued there the twentie fiue of Maie and brought the people in such feare immediatlie vpon his arriuall that all those that inhabited vpon the sea coasts in the champaine countries came in and yeelded themselues receiuing an oth to be true and faithfull vnto him There were twentie of the cheefest rulers within Ireland which came to the king at his comming to Dublin and there did to him homage and fealtie as apperteined The king at the same time line 60 ordeined also that the English lawes should be vsed in that land and appointed shiriffes and other officers to haue the order of the countrie to rule the same according to the English ordinances After this he marched forward into the land and tooke diuerse fortresses and strong holds of his enimies which fled before him for feare to be
historie written of this prince he shall find that he hath beene little beholden to the writers of that time in which he liued for scarselie can they afoord him a good word except when the trueth inforceth them to come out with it as it were against their willes The occasion whereof as some thinke was for that he was no great freend to the clergie And yet vndoubtedlie his déeds shew he had a zeale to religion as it was then accompted for he founded the abbeie of Beauleau in the new forrest as it were in recompense line 30 of certeine parishchurches which to inlarge the same forrest he caused to be throwne downe and ruinated He builded the monasterie of Farendon and the abbeie of Hales in Shropshire he repaired Godstow where his fathers concubine Rosamund laie interred he was no small benefactor to the minster of Lichfield in Staffordshire to the abbeie of Crokesden in the same shire and to the chappell at Knatesburgh in Yorkshire So that to say what I thinke line 40 he was not so void of deuotion towards the church as diuers of his enimies haue reported who of meere malice conceale all his vertues and hide none of his vices but are plentifull inough in setting foorth the same to the vttermost and interpret all his dooings and saiengs to the woorst as may appeare to those that aduisedlie read the works of them that write the order of his life which may séeme rather an inuectiue than a true historie neuerthelesse sith we cannot come by the truth of things through the malice line 50 of writers we must content our selues with this vnfréendlie description of his time Certeinelie it should séeme the man had a princelie heart in him and wanted nothing but faithfull subiects to haue assisted him in reuenging such wrongs as were doone and offered by the French king and others Moreouer the pride and pretended authoritie of the cleargie he could not well abide when they went about to wrest out of his hands the prerogatiue of his princelie rule and gouernement True it is that to mainteine his warres which he was forced to take in hand as well in France as elsewhere he was constreined to make all the shift he could deuise to recouer monie and bicause he pinched their pursses they conceiued no small hatred against him which when he perceiued and wanted peraduenture discretion to passe it ouer he discouered now and then in his rage his immoderate displeasure as one not able to bridle his affections a thing verie hard in a stout stomach and thereby missed now and then to compasse that which otherwise he might verie well haue brought to passe It is written that he meant to haue become feudarie for maintenance sake against his owne disloiall subiects and other his aduersaries vnto Miramumeline the great king of the Saracens but for the truth of this report I haue little to saie and therefore I leaue the credit thereof to the authors It is reported likewise that in time when the realme stood interdicted as he was abroad to hunt one day it chanced that there was a great stag or hart killed which when he came to be broken vp prooued to be verie fat and thicke of flesh Oh saith he what a plesant life this déere hath led and yet in all his daies he neuer heard masse To conclude it may séeme that in some respects he was not greatlie superstitious and yet not void of a religious zeale towards the maintenance of the cleargie as by his bountifull liberalitie bestowed in building of abbeies and churches as before yée haue hard it may partlie appeare In his daies manie learned men liued as Geffrey Uinesaufe Simon Fraxinus alià s Ash Adamus Dorensis Gualter de Constantijs first bishop of Lincolne and after archbishop of Rouen Iohn de Oxford Colman surnamed Sapiens Richard Canonicus William Peregrine Alane Teâ—kesburie Simon Thurnaie who being an excellent philosopher but standing too much in his owne conceit vpon a sudden did so forget all his knowledge in learning that he became the most ignorant of all other a punishment as was thought appointed him of God for such blasphemies as he had wickedlie vttered both against Moses and Christ. Geruasius Dorobernensis Iohn Hanwill Nigell Woreker Gilbert de Hoiland Benet de Peterburgh William Parnus a moonke of Newburgh Roger Houeden Hubert Walter first bishop of Salisburie and after archbishop of Canturburie Alexander Theologus of whome yee haue heard before Geruasius Tilberiensis Syluester Giraldus Cambrensis who wrote manie treatises Ioseph Deuonius Walter Mapis Radulfus de Diceto Gilbert Legley Mauricius Morganius Walter Morganius Iohn de Fordeham William Leicester Ioceline Brakeland Roger of Crowland Hugh White alià s Candidus that wrote an historie intituled Historia Petroburgensis Iohn de saint Omer Adam Barking Iohn Gray an historiographer and bishop of Norwich Walter of Couentrie Radulphus Niger c. Sée Bale Scriptorum Britanniae centuria tertia Thus farre king Iohn Henrie the third the eldest sonne of king Iohn HEnrie the third of that name the eldest sonne of K. Iohn a child of the age of nine yeres began his reigne ouer the realme of England the ninetéenth day of October in the yeare of our Lord 1216 in the seuenth yeare of the emperour Frederike the second year 1216 and in the 36 yeare of the reigne of Philip line 10 the second king of France Immediatlie after the death of his father king Iohn William Marshall earle of Penbroke generall of his fathers armie brought this yoong prince with his brother and sisters vnto Glocester and there called a councell of all such lords as had taken part with king Iohn Anon after it was once openlie knowne that the sonnes and daughters of the late deceassed prince were brought into a place of safetie a great number of the lords and cheefe barons of the line 20 realme hasted thither I meane not onelie such as had holden with king Iohn but also diuerse other which vpon certeine knowledge had of his death were newlie reuolted from Lewes in purpose to aid yoong king Henrie to whome of right the crowne did apperteine Thither also came Uallo or Guallo the popes legat an earnest defender of the kings cause with Peter bishop of Winchester Iocelin bishop of Bath also Ranulph earle of Chester William Ferrers line 30 earle of Derbie Iohn Marshall and Philip de Albenie with diuerse other lords and peeres of the relme and a great number of abbats and priors who by and by fell to councell togither what waie should be best to take for the good order of things now in so doubtfull and perilous a time as this The péeres of the realme being thus assembled William earle of Penbroke bringing the yoong king into their presence and setting him before them spake these words following line 40 The earle of Penbroks short and sweet oration as it is borrowed out of maister Fox BEhold right honourable and welbeloued
is this your owne confession and will you abide by all that is here written Let me sée it and I will tell you ¶ Then his confession was shewed him Bicause you of the iurie the better may credit him I praie you my lords let Uaughan be sworne ¶ Then was Uaughan sworne on a booke to saie nothing but the truth line 40 It may please you my lords and masters I could haue béene well content to haue chose seauen yeares imprisonment though I had béene a frée man in the law rather than I would this daie haue giuen euidence against sir Nicholas Throckmorton against whome I beare no displeasure but sith I must needs confesse my knowledge I must confesse all that is there written is true How saie you master Throckmorton was there anie displeasure betwéene you and me to mooue me to saie aught against you None that I know How saie you Uaughan what line 50 acquaintance was there betwéene you and me and what leters of credit or token did you bring me from Wiat or anie other to mooue me to trust you As for acquaintance I knew you as I did other gentlemen and as for letters I brought you none other but commendations from master Wiat as I did to diuerse other of his acquaintance at London You might as well forge the commendations as the rest but if you haue doone with Uaughan my lords I praie you giue me leaue to answer line 60 Speake and be short I speake generallie to all that be here present but speciallie to you of my iurie touching the credit of Uaughans depositions against me a condemned man and after to the matter and note I praie you the circumstances as somewhat materiall to induce the better First I praie you remember the small familiaritie betwixt Uaughan and me as he hath aduowed before you and moreouer to procure credit at my hand brought neither letter nor token from Wiat nor from anie other to me which he also hath confessed here and I will suppose Uaughan to be in as good condition as anie other man here that is to saie an vncondemned man yet I referre it to your good iudgement whether it were like that I knowing onelie Uaughans person from an other man and hauing none other acquaintance with him would so frankelie discouer my mind to him in so dangerous a matter How like I saie is this when diuerse of these gentlemen now in captiuitie being my verie familiars could not depose anie such matter against me and neuerthelesse vpon their examinations haue said what they could And though I be no wise man I am not so rash as to vtter to an vnknowne man for so I may call him in comparison a matter so dangerous for me to speake and him to heare But bicause my truth and his falshood shall the better appeare vnto you I will declare his inconstancie in vttering this his euidence And for my better credit it may please you master Southwell I take you to witnesse when Uaughan first iustified this his vniust accusation against me before the lord Paget the lord Chamberleine you master Southwell and others he referred the confirmation of this his surmised matter to a letter sent from him to sir Thomas Wiat which letter dooth neither appeare nor anie testimonie of the said master Wiat against me touching the matter for I doubt not sir Thomas Wiat hath béen examined of me and hath said what he could directlie or indirectlie Also Uaughan saith that yoong Edward Wiat could confirme this matter as one that knew this pretended discourse betwixt Uaughan and me and therevpon I made sute that Edward Wiat might either be brought face to face to me or otherwise be examined Master Throckmorton you mistake your matter for Uaughan said that Edward Wiat did know some part of the matter and also was priuie of the letter that Uaughan sent sir Thomas Wiat. Yea sir that was Uaughans last shift when I charged him before the master of the horsse and you with his former allegations touching his witnesse whome when he espied would not doo so lewdlie as he thought then he vsed this alteration But where be Edward Wiats depositions of anie thing against me Now it appeareth neither his first nor his last tale to be true For you know master Bridges and so dooth my lord your brother that I desired twice or thrice Edward Wiat should be examined and I am sure and most assured he hath béene willed to saie what he could and here is nothing deposed by him against me either touching anie letter or other conference Or where is Uaughans letter sent by sir Thomas Wiat concerning my talke But now I will speake of Uaughans present estate in that he is a condemned man whose testimonie is nothing worth by anie law And bicause false witnesse is mentioned in the gospell treating of accusation hearke I praie you what S. Ierome saith expounding that place It is demanded whie Christs accusers be called false witnesses which did report Christs words not as he spake them They be false witnesses saith S. Ierome which doo ad alter wrest double or doo speake for hope to auoid death or for malice to procure another mans death for all men maie easilie gather he cannot speake truelie of me or in the case of another mans life where he hath hope of his owne by accusation Thus much speaketh S. Ierome of false witnesse By the ciuill law there be manie exceptions to be taken against such testimonies but bicause we be not gouerned by that law neither haue I my triall by it it shall be superfluous to trouble you therewith therefore you shall heare what your owne law dooth saie There was a statute made in my late souereigne lord master his time touching accusation and these be the words Be it enacted that no person nor persons c shal be indicted arreigned condemned or conuicted for anie offense of treason petit treason misprision of treson for which the same offendor shall suffer anie pains of death imprisonment losse or forfeiture of his goods lands c vnlesse the same offendor be accused by two sufficient lawfull witnesses or shall willinglie without violence confesse the same And also in the sixt yeare of his reigne it is thus ratified as insueth That no person nor persons shall be indicted arreigned condemned conuicted or attainted of the line 10 treasons or offenses aforesaid or for anie other treasons that now be or hereafter shall be vnlesse the same offendor or offendors be therof accused by two lawfull and sufficient accusers which at the time of the arreignement of the parties so accused if they be then liuing shall be brought in person before the said partie accused and auow and mainteine that they haue to saie against the said partie to prooue him giltie of the treasons or offense conteined in the bill of indictment laid against the partie arreigned
pageant But in the opening when hir grace vnderstood that the bible in English should be deliuered vnto hir by Truth which was therein represented by a child she thanked the citie for that gift and said that she would oftentimes read ouer that booke commanding sir Iohn Parrat one of the knights which held vp hir canopie to go before and to receiue the booke But learning that it should be deliuered vnto hir grace downe by a silken lace she caused him to staie and so passed forward till she came against the aldermen in the high end of Cheape before the little conduit where the companies of the citie ended which began at Fanchurch stood along the stréets one by an other inclosed with railes hanged with cloths and themselues well apparelled with manie rich furres and their liuerie hoods vpon their shoulders in comelie and seemelie maner hauing before them sundrie persons well apparelled in silks and chains of gold as wiflers and garders of the said companies besides a number of rich hangings as well of tapistrie arras cloths of gold siluer veluet damaske sattin and other silks plentifullie hanged all the waie as the queenes highnesse passed from the tower thorough the citie Out at the windowes and penthouses of euerie house did hang a number of rich and costlie banners line 10 and stremers till hir grace came to the vpper end of Cheape Where by appointment the right worshipfull master Ranulph Cholmelie recorder of the citie presented to the quéenes maiestie a pursse of crimson sattin richlie wrought with gold wherein the citie gaue vnto the quéens maiestie a thousand marks in gold as master recorder did declare bréefelie vnto the quéens maiestie whose words tended to this end that the lord maior his brethren and communaltie of line 20 the citie to declare their gladnesse and goodwill towards the quéenes maiestie did present hir grace with that gold desiring hir grace to continue their good and gratious queene and not to esteeme the value of the gift but the mind of the giuers The queens maiestie with both hir hands tooke the pursse and answered to him againe maruellous pithilie and so pithilie that the standers by as they imbraced intirelie hir gratious answer so they maruelled at the couching thereof which was in words truelie reported these I thanke my lord maior his brethren and you line 30 all And whereas your request is that I should continue your good ladie and quéene be yee ensured that I will be as good vnto you as euer quéene was to hir people No will in me can lacke neither doo I trust shall there lacke anie power And persuade your selues that for the safetie and quietnesse of you all I will not spare if néed be to spend my bloud God thanke you all Which answer of so noble an hearted princesse if it mooued a maruellous shout line 40 reioising it is nothing to be maruelled at sith both the haltinesse thereof was so woonderfull and the words so iointlie knit When hir grace had thus answered the recorder she marched toward the little conduit where was erected a pageant with square proportion standing directlie before the same conduit with battlements accordinglie And in the same pageant was aduanced two hilles or mounteins of conuenient height The one of them being on the north side of the same pageant line 50 was made â—ragged barren and stonie in the which was erected one trée artificiallie made all withered and dead with branches accordinglie And vnder the same trée at the foot thereof sat one in homelie and rude apparrell crookedlie and in mourning maner hauing ouer his head in a table written in Latine and English his name which was Ruinosa respublica A decaied commonweale And vpon the same withered trée were fixed certeine tables wherein were written proper sentences expressing the causes line 60 of the decaie of a commonweale The other hill on the south side was made faire fresh greene and beautifull the ground thereof full of floures and beautie and on the same was erected also one tree verie fresh and faire vnder the which stood vpright one fresh personage well apparelled and appointed whose name also was written both in English and Latine which was Respublica bene instituta A flourishing common-weale And vpon the same tree also were fixed certeine tables conteining sentences which expressed the causes of a flourishing commonweale In the middle betweene the said hils was made artificiallie one hollow place or caue with doore and locke inclosed out of the which a little before the quéenes highnesse comming thither issued one personage whose name was Time apparelled as an old man with a sieth in his hand hauing wings artificiallie made leading a personage of lesser stature than himselfe which was finelie and well apparrelled all clad in white silke and directlie ouer hir head was set hir name and title in Latine and English Temporis filia The daughter of Time Which two so appointed went forwards toward the south side of the pageant And on hir brest was written hir proper name which was Veritas Truth who held a booke in hir hand vpon the which was written Verbum veritatis The word of truth And out of the south side of the pageant was cast a standing for a child which should interpret the same pageant Against whome when the quéenes maiestie came he spake vnto hir grace these swéet words This old man with the sieth old father Time they call And hir his daughter Truth which holdeth yonder booke Whome he out of his rocke hath brought foorth to vs all From whence this manie yeares she durst not once out looke The ruthfull wight that sits vnder the barren tree Resembleth to vs the forme when common weales decaie But when they be in state triumphant you may see By him in fresh attire that sits vnder the baâ—e Now sith that Time againe his daughter Truth hath brought We trust ô worthie queene thou wilt this truth imbrace And sith thou vnderstandst the good estate and naught We trust wealth thou wilt plant and barrennes displace But for to heale the sore and cure that is not seene Which thing the booke of truth dooth teach in writing plaine Shee dooth present to thee the same ô worthie queene For that that words doo flie but written dooth remaine When the child had thus ended his spéech he reached his booke towards the quéenes maiestie which a little before Truth had let downe vnto him from the hill which by sir Iohn Parrat was receiued and deliuered vnto the quéene But shée as soone as she had receiued the booke kissed it and with both hir hands held vp the same and so laid it vpon hir brest with great thanks to the citie therefore and so went forward towards Paules churchyard The former matter which was rehearsed vnto the quéenes maiestie was written in two tables on either side the pageant eight verses and in the middest these in
succeed in his dominions This peace was concluded at Caen and that by procurement of the French king at what time king William was verie strong in the field neare vnto Ewe After which conclusion they vnited their powers and besieged their yoongest brother Henrie line 40 in the castell of mount S. Michell which being situat in the confines of Normandie and Britaine he had stronglie fortified not long before for feare of after-claps But when they had lien about it by the space of all the Lent season and had made manie bickerings with his mâ—n more to their losse than lucre they raised their siege and voluntarilie departed Not long after this king William depriued Edgar Etheling of his honor which duke Robert had assigned vnto him banishing him out of Normandie for euer line 50 Shortlie aâ—ter also the aforesaid Henrie wan a strong towne called Damfront and furnishing it at all points he kept the same in his possession as long as he liued mauger both his brethren Thus the war waxed hot betwéene those three howbeit suddenlie I wot not vpon what occasion this Henrie was reconciled with king William and his brother Robert so that all debates being quieted on euerie side they were made friends and welwillers King William also returned into England hauing his brother Robert line 60 in his companie all men reioising at their pacification and amitie which happened in the yeare 1091. and fourth of the reigne of the king Toward the end whereof and vpon the fift daie of October a maruellous sore tempest fell in sundrie parts of England but especiallie in the towne of Winchcombe where by force of thunder and lightning a part of the steeple of the church was throwne downe and the crucifix with the image of Marie standing vnder the rood-lost was likewise ouerthrowne broken and shattered in péeces then folowed a foule a noisome and a most horrible stinke in the church On the 17. daie of the same moneth much harme was doone in London with an outragious wind the violence whereof ouerturned and rent in péeces aboue fiue hundred houses at which time and tempest the roofe of S. Marie bowe church in cheape was also ouerthrowne wherewith two men were slaine Moreouer at Salisburie much hurt was doone with the like wind and thunder for the top of the stéeple and manie buildings besides were sore shaken and cast downe But now we will speake somewhat of the doings of Scotland as occasion moueth Whilest as yée haue heard variance depended betweene king William and his brother duke Robert the Scotish king Malcolme made sore wars vpon the inhabitants of Northumberland carrieng great booties and preies out of that countrie which he inuaded euen to Chester in the street Wherefore king William soone after his returne gathered his power togither and sped him northwards But king Malcolme hearing of his puissance great strength sent to him for peace which was granted in the end Some writers affirme that king William prepared a great armie both by sea and land against Malcolme and that his nauie being abroad on the seas was lost by tempest and the most part of his ships drowned that the armie by land entring into Scotland suffered manie damages through want of vittels and so recoiled finallie that duke Robert lieng on the borders with an armie in his brothers name wherby it should appeare that the king himselfe was not there by the helpe and furtherance of Edgar Etheling who then serued K. Malcolme in his wars concluded a peace betwixt his brother and the said Malcolme vpon certeine articles by vertue wherof certeine places in Northumberland were restored vnto Malcolme which he had held in William Conquerours daies Some other write in like maner that king Malcolme did homage to king William and duke Robert that brought the said Edgar Etheling into the fauour of the king Howsoeuer the truth of the storie dooth stand in this behalfe certeine it is that the king returned out of Northumberland into the west parts of the realme reteining still with him duke Robert who looked dailie when he should performe such couenants as were concluded vpon betwixt them in their late reconciliation But when he saw that the king meant nothing lesse than to stand to those articles and how he did onlie protract and delaie the time for some other secret purpose he returned into Normandie in great displeasure and tooke with him the said Edgar Etheling of whom he alwaies made verie great account Soone after king William returned into the north parts and as it chanced he staied a few daies about Carleil where being delited with the situation of the towne which had beene destroied by the Danes two hundred yeares before he set workemen to repaire the same meaning to vse it in steed of a bulworke against the Scots on those west borders which when he had fensed with walles and builded a castell in the most conuenient place thereof he caused churches and houses to be erected for the benefit of such people as he had determined to bring vnto the same This being doone he placed a colonie of southren men there with their wiues and children and gaue large priuileges vnto the towne which they inioy at this daie ¶ Here haue I thought good to aduertise you of an error in Matth. West crept in either through misplacing the matter by means of some exemplifier either else by the authors mistaking his account of yeares as 1072. for 1092. referring the repairing of Carleil vnto William Conquerour at what time he made a iournie against the Scots in the said yeare 1072. And yet not thus contented to bewraie the error more manifestlie he affirmeth that the king exchanged the earledome of Chester with Rafe or Ranulfe de Micenis alià s Meschines for the earledome of Carleil which the said Meschines held before and had begunne there to build and fortifie that towne whereas it is certeine that Ranulfe de Meschines came to enioy the earledome of Chester by way of inheritance as after shall appeare For better proofe whereof ye shall vnderstand that we find by ancient records how one Hugh Lou or Lupus enioied the earledome of Chester all the daies of the Conqueror and long after which Hugh was sonne to Richard line 10 earle of Auranges and the countesse Emma daughter of a noble man in Normandie named Herlowin who maried Arlet the daughter of a burgesse in Falois and mother to William Conquerour So that the said Hugh being sisters sonne to the Conqueror receiued by gift at his hands the earldome of Chester to hold of him as fréelie by right of the sword as he held the realme of England in title of his crowne For these be the words Tenendum sibi haeredibus ita liberè ad gladium sicut ipse Rex totam tenebat line 20 Angliam ad coronam Earle Hugh then established in possession of this earledome with most large priuileges and fréedoms for the
we did the same had béene doone by his authoritie Finally when we had gotten power inough that we needed not to feare anie force that might be made against vs we would haue slaine all such noble men as might either haue giuen counsell or made anie resistance against vs speciallie the knights of the Rhodes and lastlie we would haue killed the king and all men of possessions with bishops moonks chanons and parsons of churches onelie friers Mendicants we would haue spared that might haue sufficed for ministration of the sacraments And when we had made a riddance of all those we would haue deuised lawes according to the which the subiects of this realme should haue liued for we would haue created kings as Wat Tiler in Kent and other in other countries But bicause this our purpose was disappointed by the archbishop of Canturburie that would not permit the king to come to vs we sought by all meanes to dispatch him out of the waie as at length we did Morouer the same euening that Wat Tiler was killed we were determined hauing the greatest part of the commons of the citie bent to ioine with vs to haue set fire in foure corners of the citie and so to haue diuided amongst vs the spoile of the cheefest riches that might haue beene found at our pleasure And this said he was our purpose as God may helpe me now at my last end This may you see after what sort they were conspired to the destruction of the realme and to haue aduanced and inriched themselues not considering or foreséeing the euill successe of their tumultuous broile and that it would tend but little to their profit in the end by a common spoile to amend their state and to become mightie and rich with goods euill gotten which though for a time if lucke had serued them to haue possessed they had enioied yet could they not long prosper nor bring good vnto the possessors for Non habet euentus sordida praeda bonos And lest this one mans confession might séeme insufficient diuerse other of them confessed the same or much what the like in effect when they saw no remedie but present death before their eies To declare the occasion whie such mischeefes happened thus in the realme we leaue to the iudgement of those that may coniecture a truth thereof by conferring the manners of that age behauiour of all states then sith they that wrote in those daies may happilie in that behalfe miffe the trueth in construing things according to their affections But truelie it is to be thought that the faults as well in one degrée as an other speciallie the sinnes of the whole nation procured such vengeance to rise whereby they might be warned of their euill dooings and séeke to reforme the same in time conuenient But as it commeth still to passe when the danger is once ouershot repentance likewise is put ouer and is no more regarded till an other scourge commeth eftsoones to put men in remembrance of their duetie so in like manner as séemeth it chanced in this kings daies as by that which followeth may more plainelie appeare In this meane time that these troubles were at the hottest in England the duke of Lancaster being in Scotland so behaued himselfe in the treatie which he had in hand with the Scots dissembling the matter so as if he had not vnderstood of any trouble in England at all that finallie before the Scots had knowledge thereof a truce was concluded to indure for two yeares or as other haue for three yeares When he had made an end there and that all things line 10 were agréed vpon and passed for the confirmation of that accord he returned to Berwike but at his comming thither the capteine sir Matthew Redman would not suffer him to enter the towne bicause of a commandement giuen to him from the earle of Northumberland lord warden of the marches wherefore the duke was glad to returne into Scotland againe obteining licence of the Scots to remaine amongst them till the realme of England was reduced to better quiet Hervpon the commons line 20 in England that fauored him not tooke occasion to report the worst of him that might be deuised calling him now in time of their rebellious commotions a traitor to the realme declaring that he had ioined himselfe to the Scots and meant to take part with them against his owne natiue countrie The king indéed had sent commandement during the time of the rebellious troubles vnto the earle of Northumberland that he should haue good regard to the safe keeping of all the townes castels vnder his line 30 rule not to suffer any person to enter the same hauing forgotten to except the duke of Lancaster being then in Scotland whervpon the duke tooke no small displeasure with the earle of Northumberland as after he well shewed at his comming home But before he returned foorth of Scotland he wrote to the king to vnderstand his plesure in what sort he should returne humbling himselfe in such wise as he made offer to come with one knight one esquier and a groome if it should please the king so to appoint him line 40 or if it so were that by his presence it was thought the realme was like to fall in any trouble he was readie to depart into exile neuer to returne into his countrie againe if so be that through his absence the king and realme might inioy peace and quietnesse The king hearing such offers wrote to him that his pleasure was to haue him to returne home with all his whole traine and if the same were not thought sufficient to gard him he should take of euerie towne by the which he passed a certeine number of men to line 50 attend him vnto the next towne for his safegard and so it was doone the king sending him commission to that effect and thus comming to the court he was of the king right honorablie receiued Within few daies after his comming he exhibited a grieuous complaint against the earle of Northumberland for abusing him in diuerse sorts in time of the late troubles so as his honour was greatlie thereby touched for which the earle was sent for and commanded to come vnto Berkhamstéed where all the lords in maner line 60 of the land were assembled in councell Here after the duke had laid diuerse things to the earles charge for his disobedience vnfaithfulnesse and ingratitude the earle after the manner of his countrie not able to forbeare brake out into reprochfull words against the duke although he was commanded by the king to ceasse where the duke kept silence in humble maner at the first word when the K. commanded him to hold his peace so that by reason of the earles disobedience in that behalfe he was arrested But yet the earls of Warwike and Suffolke vndertaking for his appearance at the next parlement he was suffered to depart and so the councell brake vp About the
the yeare from the birth of Christ 1314 renewing the sute to the king after the death of Antonie Beke bishop of Durham which happened in the yeare of our Lord 1â—10 for the lands whereof his father had the said bishop in sute and which were after seized into the line 30 kings hands as before appeareth in the life of his father It was then found vpon search that sir Iohn Ballioll who was partie to the said sute before had the realme of Scotland by award by reason of certeine lands that he gaue to sir Antonie de Beke the bishop of Durham for which cause it séemed king Edward the first seized the same lands into his hands as forfeit to him in that they were after the maner of a bribe giuen to the said bishop to support the sute of the said Iohn Balioll for the obteining of the line 40 crowne of Scotland And for that cause this Iohn Hastings was counselled by such as willed him well that he should surceasse his sute and so he did This Iohn Hastings maried Iulian the daughter of Thomas lord Leiburne the sonne of William lord Leiburne and had by hir Laurence de Hastings after which this Iohn Hastings died in the eightéenth yeare of Edward the second and in the yeare of our Lord 1325. His wife Iulian liued manie yeers after and surrendred hir life in the fortie one yeare of Edward line 50 the third and in the yeare of our Lord 1366. Laurence Hastings lord Hastings and Aburgauennie was also afterward earle of Penbroke he was borne about the thirtéenth yeare of Edward the second being also about the yeare of our redemption 1320 which is proued by this that the said Laurence was fiue yeares old at the death of his father which as before is said happened in the yeare 1325 and in the eightéenth of Edward the second at what time he was seized as the kings ward and committed to line 60 the gouernement of tutors appointed him by the said Edward the second This Laurence Hastings for the nobilitie of his race the actiuitie of him selfe the largenesse of his possessions and his familiaritie with the king was created earle of Penbroke about the one and thirtith yeare of the reigne of king Edward the third He maried Anne or Agnes the third daughter of sir Roger Mortimer the first earle of March by whom he had issue Iohn Hastings Iohn Hastings earle of Penbroke lord Hastings Aburgauennie and Weifford in Ireland the sonne of Laurence Hastings the first earle of Penbroke of that name did in the fortie one yeare of Edward the third being about the yeare of our Lord 1369 infeoffe diuerse persons of the manor of Lidgate in Suffolke of which towne was Iohn Lidgate the monke of Berie and famous poet of England surnamed After which in the fortie six yeare of Edward the third and in the yeare of our Lord 1371 when the Frenchmen besieged Rochell he was sent with an armie of men to the rescue of the same But being set vpon by the Spanish nauie in the hauen of Rochell they slue and tooke manie of the English burnt their nauie and caried the earle with sundrie other prisoners into Spaine where this earle a long time remained prisoner Which misfortune was iustlie supposed to haue fallen vpon him because he was a man of euill life giuen greatlie to lecherie an infringer of the liberties of the church and a persuader of the king that he should for his warres more grieuouslie exact manie subsidies and contributions vpon the clergie than vpon the laitie After that he had béene long prisoner in Spaine by the space almost of thrée yeares he was ransomed for a grreat summe of monie by Bertram Cleikine and died as I coniecture by some sufficient proofe betwéene Paris and Calis as he came into England in the fortie ninth yeare of Edward the third in the yeare of our Lord 1374 so that he neuer fullie paied his ransome He had two wiues Margaret the daughter of Edward the third Anne the daughter of sir Walter Mannie and of Margaret Segraue made dutchesse of Northfolke in the time of Richard the second but when he maried these wiues I can not certeinlie find And in the earle of Kents booke which treateth of the contention of the Hastings and the Greies for bearing of the armes of Hastings there is no mention made as farre as my memorie serueth of the said Margaret the reason whereof I suppose to be for that this Iohn Hastings had no issue by hir and that booke onelie serued to conueie a lineall descent from the Hastings to intitle the Greies This Iohn Hastings had by his second wife Anne a sonne called Iohn Hastings which after succéeded his father in all his inheritances But before I saie anie more of the Hastings I thinke it not amisse to giue some warning of an error in Polydor of Vrbin writing that Anne the countesse of Penbroke wife to this man for none of the earles of Penbrokes had anie wife so named within the compasse of years wherein Polydor appointeth this time descended of a noble house of S. Paule in France a woman of great vertue and a louer of learning and of learned men founded a house in Cambridge to this daie called Penbroke hall which in truth was not builded by hir but by Marie the wife of Odomare or Aimer de Ualence earle of Penbroke who was slaine at tilt in the one twentie yeare of Edward the third in the yeare of our Lord 1374 which was thirtie seauen yeares before the death of this Iohn Hastings earle of Penbroke which Marie was in verie déede the daughter of Guie earle of S. Paule the kinswoman of Edward the third and a French woman This woman being in one daie that the daie of hir mariage a maid a wife a widow hir husband being that day slaine at tilt did in hir widowhood in the one twentith yeare of Edward the 3 in the yeare of our Lord 1374 erect that house in Cambridge vpon hir owne ground and appointed the same to be called the hall of Marie Ualence or Penbroke hall by meanes whereof it was long after called Aula Valentiae Mariae Now to returne where I left to the last wife of this Iohn Hastings called Anne she after the death of hir husband did at â—he coronation of Richard the second in the yeare of Christ 1382 being about the fift yeare of the reigne of the said Richard sue by petition to execute by hir deputie the office of the panteler by reason of the manor of Ashley which she had for hir iointure whervnto she was admitted by hir deputie sir Thomas Blunt knight did performe the same as this record dooth testifie in which is set both hir petitions and the iudgement thereof in this forme The record whereby dame Anne Hastings clameth the office of the pantrie line 10 ITem Anna quae fuitvxor Iohannis Hastings nuper comes
Canturburie denounced an heretike remitted againe line 50 to the Tower of London from which place either by helpe of fréends or fauour of kéepers he priuilie escaped and came into Wales where he remained for a season After this the king kéeping his Christmasse at his manor of Eltham was aduertised that sir Roger Acâ—on knight year 1414 a man of great wit and possessions Iohn Browne esquier Iohn Beuerlie priest and a great number of other were assembled in armour against the king his brethren the clergie and realme line 60 These newes came to the king on the twelfth daie in Christmasse wherevpon vnderstanding that they were in a place called Fiâ—ket field beside London on the backe side of saint Giles he streight got him to his palace at Westminster in as secret wise as he might and there calling to him certeine bands of armed men he repaired into saint Giles fields néere to the said place where he vnderstood they should fullie méet about midnight and so handled the matter that he tooke some and siue some euen as stood with his pleasure The capteins of them afore mentioned being apprehended were brought to the kings presence and to him declared the causes of their commotion rising accusing a great number of their complices The king vsed one policie which much serued to the discomfiting of the aduersaries as Thom. Walsingham saith which was this he gaue order that all the gates of London should be streictlie kept and garded so as none should come in or out but such as were knowen to go to the king Hereby came it to passe that the chiefest succour appointed to come to the capteins of the rebels was by that meanes cut off where otherwise suerlie had it not beene thus preuented and staied there had issued foorth of London to haue ioined with them to the number as it was thought of fiftie thousand persons one and other seruants prentises and citizens confederate with them that were thus assembled in Ficket field Diuerse also that came from sundrie parts of the realme hasting towards the place to be there at their appointed time chanced to light among the kings men who being taken and demanded whither they went with such spéed answered they came to meet with their capteine the lord Cobham But whether he came thither at all or made shift for himselfe to get awaie it dooth not appeare for he could not be heard of at that time as Thomas Walsingham confesseth although the king by proclamation promised a thousand marks to him that could bring him foorth with great liberties to the cities or townes that would discouer where he was By this it maie appeare how greatlie he was beloued that there could not one be found that for so great a reward would bring him to light Among other that were taken was one William Murlie who dwelt in Dunstable a man of great wealth and by his occupation a brewer an earnest mainteiner of the lord Cobhams opinions and as the brute ran in hope to be highlie aduanced by him if their purposed deuise had taken place apparant by this that he had two horsses trapped with guilt harnesse led after him and in his bosome a paire of gilt spurs as it was déemed prepared for himselfe to weare looking to be made knight by the lord Cobhams hands at that present time But when he saw how their purpose quailed he withdrew into the citie with great feare to hide himselfe howbeit he was perceiued taken and finallie executed among others To conclude so manie persons herevpon were apprehended that all the prisons in and about London were full the chiefe of them were condemned by the cleargie of heresie and atteinted of high treason in the Guildhall of London and adiudged for that offense to be drawen and hanged and for heresie to be consumed with fire gallowes and all which iudgement wis executed the same moneth on the said sir Roger Acton and eight and twentie others ¶ Some saie that the occasion of their death was onelie for the conueieng of the lord Cobham out of prison Others write that it was both for treason and heresie and so it appeareth by the record Certeine affirme that it was for feined causes surmized by the spiritualtie more vpon displeasure than truth and that they were assembled to heare their preacher the foresaid Beuerlie in that place there out of the waie from resort of people sith they might not come togither openlie about any such matter without danger to be apprehended as the manner is and hath beene euer of the persecuted flocke when they are prohibited publikelie the exercise of their religion But howsoeuer the matter went with these men apprehended they were and diuerse of them executed as before ye haue heard whether for rebellion or heresie or for both as the forme of the indictment importeth I néed not to spend manie words sith others haue so largelie treated thereof and therefore I refer those that wish to be more fullie satisfied herein vnto their reports Whilest in the Lent season the king laie at Killingworth there came to him from Charles Dolphin of France certeine ambassadors that brought with them a barrell of Paris balles which from their maister they presented to him for a token that was taken in verie ill part as sent in scorne to signifie that it was more méet for the king to passe the time with such childish exercise than to attempt any worthie exploit Wherfore the K. wrote to him that yer ought long he would tosse him some London balles line 10 that perchance should shake the walles of the best court in France ¶ This yeare Thom. Arundell archbishop of Canturburie departed this life a stout prelat and an earnest mainteiner of the Romish religion Henrie Chichelie bishop of saint Dauid succeeded the same Arundell in the sée of Canturburie and the kings confessor Stephan Patrington a Carmelite frier was made bishop of S. Dauid Henrie Persie then but a child sonne to the lord Henrie Persie surnamed Hotspur after his fathers deceasse line 20 that was slaine at Shrewesburie field was conueied into Scotland and there left by his grandfather where euer since he had remained the king therefore pitied his case and so procured for him that he came home and was restored to all his lands and earledome of Northumberland which lands before had béene giuen to the lord Iohn the kings brother A case verie strange and for manie causes alwaies right worthie of remembrance in this yeare 1414 the second of this kings reigne did befall which conteining line 30 in it so manie matters for knowledge of Gods great power and iustice of wilfull breaking his diuine lawes of the easie slip into ruine where his mercie dooth not sâ—aie vs the busie bogging of the diuell alwaies our weakenesse in combat with him into what outrage and confusion he haleth where he is not withstood with what tyrannie
sides contrarie to their expectation with humble heart and small ioy they rendered vp the towne vnto the kings hands After this the king hauing no let nor impediment determined foorthwith to besiege the citie of Rone and first sent before him his vncle the duke of Excester with a great companie of horssemen archers to view the place thervpon with banner displaied came before the citie and sent Windsore an herauld at armes to the capteins within willing them to deliuer the citie vnto the king his maister or else he would pursue them with fire and sword To whome they proudlie answered that none they receiued of him nor anie they would deliuer him except by fine force they were therevnto compelled and herewith there issued out of the towne a great band of men of armes and incountered fiercelie with the Englishmen the which receiuing them with like manhood and great force draue the Frenchmen into the towne againe to their losse for they left thirtie of their fellowes behind prisoners and dead in the field The duke returned with this good speed and proud answer of the Frenchmen vnto the king who remained line 10 yet at Pont de Larch and had giuen the towne of Louiers to his brother the duke of Clarence which made there his deputie sir Iohn Godard knight After that the duke of Excester was returned to Pont Larch the French capteins within Rone set fire on the suburbs beat downe churches cut downe trées shred the bushes destroied the vines round about the citie to the intent that the Englishmen should haue no reléefe nor comfort either of lodging or â—ewell When the king heard of these despitefull dooings he with his whole armie remooued from Pont Larch and the last daie of Iulie came before the citie of Rone and compassed it round about with a strong siege This citie was verie rich in gold siluer and other pretious things in so much that when the same was taken and seized vpon by the English the spoile was verie great and excéeding aduantagable which the compiler of Anglorum praelia hath verie well noted in a few lines but pithie saieng Vltima Rothomagus restat quae mercibus auro line 30 Argento vasis pretiosis diues abundat Rothomagus capitur iámque Anglus adeptus opimas Praedas in patriam perpulchra trophaea remittit The king laie with a great puissance at the Chartreux house on the east side of the citie and the duke of Clarence lodged at S. Geruais before the port of Caâ—â— on the west part The duke of Excester tooke his place on the north side at port S. Denis betweene the dukes of Excester and Clarence was appointed the earle marshall euen before the gate of line 40 the castell to whome were ioined the earle of Ormond and the lords Harington and Talbot vpon his comming from Dampfront and from the duke of Excester toward the king were incamped the lords Ros Willoughbie Fitz Hugh and sir William Porter with a great band of northerne men euen before the port of saint Hilarie The earles of Mortaigne and Salisburie were assigned to lodge about the abbie of saint Katharine Sir Iohn Greie was lodged directlie against the chappell called line 50 mount S. Michaell sir Philip Léech treasuror of the warres kept the hill next the abbeie and the baron of Carew kept the passage on the riuer of Seine and to him was ioined that valiant esquier Ienico Dartois On the further side of the riuer were lodged the earles of Warren and Huntington the lords Neuill and Ferrers sir Gilbert Umfreuile with a well furnished companie of warlike soldiers directlie before the gate called Port de Pont. And to the intent line 60 that no aid should passe by the riuer toward the citie there was a great chaine of iron deuised at Pont Larch set on piles from the one side of the water to the other and beside that chaine there was set vp a new forced bridge sufficient both for cariage and passage to passe the riuer from one campe to another The erle of Warwike that had latelie woone Dampfront was sent to besiege Cawdebecke a towne standing on the riuer side betweene the sea and the citie of Rone A memorable feaâ— in seruice néere to that place was doone at that time by a well minded man then noted soone after in writing which matter vnable to be better reported than by him that had so well marked it nor like to be more trulie expressed than by the ancient simplicitie and yet effectuall of the selfe same words wherein they were written therefore thought méetest to haue them rehearsed as they were in order thus The truth of the said memorable feat as it was reported in writing MEmorandum that my lord the earle of Warwike did send out my cosin sir Iohn Bromley and my cosin George Umfreuile with an hundred archers and about two hundred soldiers a strett to keepe at a little castell called the Stroo neere to Cawdebeke where they wearen met with aboue eight hundred Frenchmen the fraie betweene them long yfought and the Englishmen in great dread and perill till at length by the might of God and saint George the feeld did fall to our Englishmen the Frenchmen wearen put to flizt and thear wearen yslaine aboue two hundred Frenchmen and as manie ytaken prisoners and their capteine who was ycalled the lord of Estrisles was thear also yslaine and thear wearen yslaine of our Englishmen my said cosin George Umfreuile and about twentie mo on whose solles Iesus haue mercie and thear wearen hurt in the face my said cosin sir Iohn Bromley my cosin Walter Audeley sore wounded and maimed in the right arme of his bodie he then being but of the age of eighteene yeares But thankes be giuen to the blessed Trinitee thear wearen manie noble victories ywoon by the said noble erle of Warwike and his folke as in his officiall booke written by Maister Iohn le Tucke then present with the said noble earle is amplie recorded My said cosin Walter Audeley died at Warwike the seauenteenth daie of Iulie anno Domini one thousand foure hundred and twentie and was buried at Acton in Cheshire neere the bodie of my said cosin sir Iohn Bromley on whose solles Iesus haue mercie By me sir Richard Braie chapleine to my ladie the old countesse of Warwike Iesus Maria Amen Pater noster Aue Maria. After this conflict this towne was so hardlie handled with fierce and continuall assaults that the capteins within offered to suffer the English nauie to passe by their towne without impeachment vp to the citie of Rone And also if Rone yeelded they promised to render the towne without delaie Héerevpon the English nauie to the number of an hundred sailes passed by Cawdebecke and came to Rone and so besieged it on the water side There came also to this siege the duke of Glocester
with the earle of Suffolke and the lord Aburgauennie which had taken as before yee haue heard the towne of Chierburgh lodged before the port of S. Hilarie néerer to their enimies by fortie rodes than any other person of the armie During this siege also there arriued at Harâ—lue the lord of Kilmaine in Ireland with a band of sixteene hundred Irishmen in maile with darts and skains after the maner of their countrie all of them being tall quicke and nimble persons which came and presented themselues before the king lieng still at the siege of whom they were not onelie gentlie receiued welcomed but also because it was thought that the French king and the duke of Burgognie would shortlie come and either attempt to raise the siege or vittell and man the towne by the north gate they were appointed to kéepe the north side of the armie and speciallie the waie that commeth from the forest of Lions Which charge the lord of Kilmaine and his companie ioifullie accepted and did so their line 10 deuoir therein that no men were more praised nor did more damage to their enimies than they did for suerlie their quickenesse swiftnesse of foot did more preiudice to their enimies than their barded horsses did hurt or damage to the nimble Irishmen Also the kings coosine germane and alie the king of Portingale sent a great nanie of well appointed ships vnto the mouth of the riuer of Seine to stop that no French vessels should enter the riuer and passe vp the same to the aid of them within Rone line 20 Thus was the faire citie of Rone compassed about with enimies both by water and land hauing neither comfort nor aid of King Dolphin or Duke And yet although the armie was strong without there lacked not within both hardie capteins and manfull souldiers And as for people they had more than inough for as it is written by some that had good cause to know the truth and no occasion to erre from the same there were in the citie at the time of the siege two hundred and ten thousand persons Dailie line 30 were issues made out of the citie at diuerse gates sometime to the losse of the one partie and sometime of the other as chances of warre in such aduentures happen The Frenchmen in déed preferring fame before worldlie riches and despising pleasure the enimie to warlike prowesse sware ech to other neuer to render or deliuer the citie while they might either hold sword in hand or speare in rest The king of England aduertised of their haultie courages determined to conquer them by famine line 40 which would not be tamed with weapon Wherefore he stopped all the passages both by water and land that no vittels could be conueied to the citie he cast trenches round about the wals and set them full of stakes and defended them with archers so that there was left neither waie for them within to issue out nor for anie that were abroad to enter in without his licence To rehearse the great paines trauell and diligence which the king tooke vpon him in his owne person at this siege a man might woonder And because line 50 diuerse of the souldiers had lodged themselues for their more ease in places so farre distant one from an other that they might easilie haue béene surprised by their enimies yer anie of their fellowes could haue come to their succors he caused proclamation to be made that no man vpon paine of death should lodge without the precinct appointed them nor go further abroad from the campe than such bounds as were assigned Now as it chanced the king in going about the campe to surueie and view the warders he espied line 60 two souldiers that were walking abroad without the limits assigned whom he caused straightwaies to be apprehended and hanged vpon a tree of great height for a terrour to others that none should be so hardie to breake such orders as he commanded them to obserue Whilest the king laie thus with his power about the mightie citie of Rone the Frenchmen sought to indamage as well those that were at that siege as other of the Englishmen that laie in garrisons within the townes that were alreadie in the king of Englands possession insomuch that as some haue written within the octaues of the Assumption three notable victories chanced to the Englishmen in thrée seuerall places First an hundred Englishmen at Kilbuef tooke three great lords of the Frenchmen besides fourescore other persons and put thrée hundred to flight Also vpon the thursdaie within the same octaues foure hundred Frenchmen that were entered within the suburbes of Eureux were repelled by eleuen Englishmen that tooke foure of those Frenchmen prisoners siue twelue of them and tooke fortie horsses On the saturdaie following the Frenchmen tooke in hand to steale vpon them that laie in garrison within Louiers in hope to surprise the towne earlie in the morning but the capteine perceiuing their purpose sallied foorth with a hundred of his men and putting the Frenchmen to flight being a thousand tooke an hundred and fourescore of them being all gentlemen But to returne to them before Rone The siege thus continuing from Lammas almost to Christmas diuerse enterprises were attempted and diuerse policies practised how euerie part might indamage his aduersaries no parte greatlie reioised of their gaine But in the meane time vittels began sore to faile them within that onelie vineger and water serued for drinke If I should rehearse according to the report of diuerse writers how déerelie dogs rats mise and cats were sold within the towne and how greedilie they were by the poore people eaten and deuoured and how the people dailie died for fault of food and yoong infants laie sucking in the stréets on their moothers breasts lieng dead starued for hunger the reader might lament their extreme miseries A great number of poore sillie creaturs were put out at the gates which were by the Englishmen that kept the trenches beaten and driuen backe againe to the same gates which they found closed and shut against them And so they laie betweene the wals of the citie and the trenches of the enimies still crieng for helpe and reléefe for lacke whereof great numbers of them dailie died Howbeit king Henrie mooued with pitie vpon Christmasse daie in the honor of Christes Natiuitie refreshed all the poore people with vittels to their great comfort and his high praise yet if the duke of Burgognies letters had not béene conueied into the citie it was thought they within would neuer haue made resistance so long time as they did for by those letters they were assured of rescue to come Diuerse lords of France hauing written to them to the like effect they were put in such comfort herewith that immediatlie to expresse their great reioising all the bels in the citie were roong foorth chéerefullie which during all the time of the siege
so well to remember it as you for if you haue not fullie put your greatest things to be had in memorie in your box of obliuion you be not yet out of mind how the French king for all your power tooke from you the faire towne of Amiens and the strong pile of saint Quintins with diuerse other townes which you neither durst nor yet were able either to rescue or defend Since which time how he hath plagued you how he hath taken from you your fréends yea of your priuie chamber and secret councell by whome all your secrets be to him reuealed and made open you know or haue better cause to remember and not to forget them And when you determined to besiege the towne of Nusse you thought your selfe in a great doubt whether you should loose more at home by your absence the French king dreaming and waiting like a for for his preie or gaine more in Germanie by your power and presence And to kéepe the woolfe from the fold that is the French king from your castels and dominions was the cheefe and principall cause whie you so faire praid me so sore laboured and intised me to passe ouer the sea promising mounteins of gold which turned into snow and wasted into water boasting and craking to send horssemen and footmen and yet shewing neither lackie nor page If we had made our enterprise for our selfe solie and in our owne quarell thinke you that we would haue expected your comming If the aduenture had béene for to haue recouered our right imagine you that we would haue passed the sea so slenderlie as we did looking for line 10 your aid Nay nay you should haue well knowen if we had intended a conquest that we would haue so stronglie inuaded set on the realme of France that what with sauour of burning of townes and infection of the aier corrupted by the multitude of dead carcases of our slaine enimies your countries of Flanders Brabant should haue had causes enow to woonder at trusting that that which we had gotten we would haue kept as well as anie of our ancestors haue doone line 20 But bicause the verie occasion of the warre was yours and that you wilfullie I will not saie cowardlie did not prosecute the same the French king who neuer offended me nor my subiects except in mainteining the earle of Warwike for the displeasure that you bare him against me offered me being destitute of all your succour and aid both honourable and honest ouertures of peace which offers I was in maner inforced by verie reason to incline to and accept and so haue concluded a truce which God willing I will both keepe and obserue God send you line 30 ioy quoth the duke and so abruptlie ended his talke for that time Hâ—erwith being in a great rage he bad the king of England farewell and suddenlie tooke his horsse and rode againe to Lutzenburgh promising not to enter into anie league with the French king till king Edward was passed the seas againe into England and had béene there thrée moneths but this promise was not performed for of necessitie he tooke a wiser waie line 40 and agréed with the French king vpon a truce immediatlie after the departure of the English armie out of his countrie The constable of France also doubting that his vntruth would be disclosed to his destruction by means of this agréement betwéene the kings of England and France as soone as he heard they were entred into communication thereof sent to king Edward requiring him not to credit the French kings promises which he would no longer obserue than vntill he should once vnderstand line 50 that he was on the other side of the sea and rather than he should agrée for want of monie he offered to lend him fiftie thousand crownes But the king of England sith the accord was passed and agréed would not change anie thing for the promises of so slipper a merchant as he knew the constable to be ¶ Then was the constable in maner on all sides in despaire but yet he wrote to the French king by his messengers beséeching him to giue no credit or beléefe to anie tale told or fained against him without line 60 hearing his answer affirming that the king had alwaies knowen his truth and fidelitie toward the crowne of France and so should he still find him till his dieng daie promising and warranting him if that it should stand with his pleasure that he would so compasse the duke of Burgognie that they two should vtterlie destroie the king of England and his armie yer they returned The councellors of the French king made answer that their master and the king of England were ioined and confedered in a sure amitie Wherfore they would in no wise know nor condescend to anie thing that might be either preiudiciall or once sound to the detriment of the Englishmen but they said that the king their master much trusted the constable and that for his sake he would talke with them in his priuie chamber The French king before their entrie into his chamber caused the lord of Contaie seruant vnto the duke of Burgognie accompanied with the lord of Argenton one of his priuie councell to stand secretlie behind a séeling or hanging in his chamber he himselfe sat in a chaire directlie before that place so that what soeuer were purposed to him they standing behind the cloth might plainlie sée and easilie heare the same Lewes de Creuell and his fellow entered into the kings chamber of nothing thinking lesse than of the spirits inclosed They declared what paine their master had taken for the French kings sake to send mooue and entise the duke of Burgognie to leaue and cléerelie to forsake the king of England which duke they found in such a rage and furie against the Englishmen that at their request he was not onelie vtterlie determined to forsake and refuse their amitie but also would send out aduenturers and lanceknights to rob and spoile them in their returning And in speaking these words thinking suerlie much to please the king the said Lewes counterfeited the fashion and gesture of the duke of Burgognie and began to stampe with his foot on the ground and beat with his fist on the table swearing by saint George that the king of England was not extracted of anie noble house but was a yeomans sonne and that when he was not woorth one halfepenie he was restored to his kingdome and made king onelie by his aid reprouing and reuiling him with such ill words and so shamefull termes that all the hearers abhorred it The French king faining that he was thicke of hearing caused him to reiterate his saieng againe who so counterfeited the verie gesture of the dukes angrie countenance and roring voice that no man hath séene a better counterfeitor or actor in anie comedie or tragedie The lord of Contaie was sore displeased to sée his master made a iesting
losse and punishment Howbeit this iudgement was altogither affectionate and parciall in hir behalfe besides that it was reasonable in great measure all circumstances considered for she was not lightlie induced to doo as she did neither stood it with the frailtie of a woman to withstand the temptations of a mightie man or rather a reaching tyrant But such was hir chance by hir lightnesse and inconstancie that she wan the displeasure of manie men and for that cause liued after in the abbeie of Bermondseie beside Southwarke a wretched and a miserable life where not manie yeares after she deceassed and is buried with hir husband at Windsore Though fortune thus ruleth manie things at hir plesure yet one worke that this quéene accomplished cannot be forgotten for in the life time of hir husband king Edward the fourth she founded and erected a notable colledge in the vniuersitie of Cambridge for the finding of scholers and students of the same vniuersitie and endowed it with sufficient possessions for the long maintenance of the same which at this daie is called the Quéenes colledge When all things in this counsell were sagelie concluded and agréed to the kings mind he returned to London giuing in commandement that the next sundaie insuing Edward the yoong earle of Warwike should be brought from the Tower through the most publike streets in all London to the cathedrall church of saint Paule where he went openlie in procession that euerie man might sée him hauing communication with manie noble men and with them especiallie that were suspected to be partakers of the late begun conspiracie that they might perceiue how the Irishmen vpon a vaine shadowe mooued warre against the king and his realme But this medicine little auailed euill disposed persons For the line 10 earle of Lincolne sonne to Iohn de la Poole duke of Suffolke and Elizabeth sister to king Edward the fourth thought it not méet to neglect and omit so readie an occasion of new trouble Wherefore they determined to vphold the enterprise of the Irishmen and other complices of this conspiracie so that consulting with sir Thomas Broughton and certeine other of his most trustie freends he purposed to saile into Flanders to his aunt the ladie Margaret duchesse of Burgognie line 20 trusting by hir helpe to make a puissant armie and to ioine with the companions of the new raised sedition Therefore after the dissolution of the parlement which then was holden he fled secretlie into Flanders vnto the said ladie Margaret where Francis lord Louell landed certeine daies before Héere after long consultation had how to proceed in their businesse it was agreed that the earle of Lincolne and the lord Louell should go into Ireland and there to attend vpon the duchesse hir counterfeit nephue and line 30 to honor him as a king and with the power of the Irishmen to bring him into England Now they concluded that if their dooings had successe then the foresaid Lambert misnamed the earle of Warwike should by consent of the councell be deposed and Edward the true earle of Warwike deliuered out of prison and annointed king King Henrie supposing that no man would haue béene so mad as to haue attempted anie further enterprise in the name of that new found counterfeit earle he line 40 onelie studied how to subdue the seditious conspiracie of the Irishmen But hearing that the earle of Lincolne was fled into Flanders he was somwhat mooued therewith and caused soldiors to be put in a readinesse out of euerie part of his realme and to bring them into one place assigned that when his aduersaries should appeare he might suddenlie set vpon them vanquish and ouercome them Thus disposing things for his suertie he went towards S. Edmunds burie and being certified that line 50 the marquesse Dorset was comming towards his maiestie to excuse himselfe of things that he was suspected to haue doone when he was in France he sent the earle of Oxford to arrest the said marquesse by the waie and to conueie him to the Tower of London there to remaine till his truth might be tried year 1487 From thence the K. went foorth to Norwich and tarrieng there Christmasse daie he departed after to Walsingham where he offered to the image of our ladie and then by Cambridge he shortlie returned line 60 to London In which meane time the earle of Lincolne had gotten togither by the aid of the ladie Margaret about two thousand Almains with one Martine Sward a valiant and noble capteine to lead them With this power the earle of Lincolne sailed into Ireland and at the citie of Diuelin caused yoong Lambert to be proclaimed and named king of England after the most solemne fashion as though he were the verie heire of the bloud roiall lineallie borne and descended And so with a great multitude of beggerlie Irishmen almost all naked and vnarmed sauing skains and mantels of whome the lord Thomas Gerardine was capteine and conductor they sailed into England with this new found king and landed for a purpose at the pile of Fowdreie within a little of Lancaster trusting there to find aid by the means of sir Thomas Broughton one of the chéefe companions of the conspiracie The king had knowledge of the enimies intent before their arriuall and therefore hauing assembled a great armie ouer the which the duke of Bedford and the earle of Oxenford were chéefe capteins he went to Couentrie where he was aduertised that the earle of Lincolne was landed at Lancaster with his new king Héere he tooke aduise of his councellors what was best to be doone whether to set on the enimies without further delaie or to protract time a while But at length it was thought best to delaie no time but to giue them battell before they should increase their power and therevpon he remooued to Notingham there by a little wood called Bowres he pitched his field Shortlie after this came to him the lord George Talbot earle of Shrewesburie the lord Strange sir Iohn Cheinie right valiant capteins with manie other noble and expert men of warre namelie of the countries neere adioining so that the kings armie was woonderfullie increased In this space the earle of Lincolne being entered into Yorkeshire passed softlie on his iournie without spoiling or hurting of anie man trusting thereby to haue some companie of people resort vnto him But after he perceiued few or none to follow him and that it was too late now to returne backe he determined to trie the matter by dint of sword and herevpon directed his waie from Yorke to Newarke vpon Trent But before he came there king Henrie knowing all his enimies purposes came the night before the daie of the battell to Newarke and tarrieng there a little went thrée miles further and pitching his field lodged there that night The earle of Lincolne certified of his comming was nothing abashed but kept still on his iournie and at a
citie of his realme Then he led him from Bainards castell by Cheape to Barking and so returned by Watling street againe during which time there was shot out of the Tower a woonderfull peale of ordinance But he would not enter into the Tower bicause as ye haue heard before he had aduowed not to enter the fortresse of anie forren prince in the which a garrison was mainteined From London the king brought line 50 him to Richmond where manie notable feates of armes were prooued both of tilt turnie and barriers In the meane season the erle of Suffolke perceiuing what hope was to be had in forreine princes and trusting that after his life to him once granted king Henrie would 〈◊〉 set him at his full libertie was in maner contented to returne againe vnto his 〈…〉 〈…〉 and in the falling the same eagle brake and battered an other eagle that was set vp for a signe at a tauerne doore in Cheapeside Herevpon men that were giuen to gesse things that should happen by marking of strange tokens déemed that the emperour Maximilian which gaue the eagle should suffer some great misfortune as he did shortlie after by the losse of his sonne the said king Philip. ¶ And suerlie these prodigious accidents are not to be omitted as matter of course for they haue their weight and shew their truth in the issue Examples in this booke be diuerse among which one is verie memorable mentioned in the thirtie ninth yeare of Henrie the sixt At what time the duke of Yorke making an oration to the lords of the parlement for the iustifieng of his title to the crowne it chanced that a crowne which hoong in the middle of the nether house to garnish a branch to set lights vpon without touch of man or blast of wind suddenlie fell downe About which season also fell downe the crowne which stood on the top of Douer castell Which things were construed to be signes that the crowne of the realme should some waie haue a fall and so it came to passe And bicause the euents of these foreshewes had their truth as manie more of the like nature it shall not be amisse here to ad by waie of digression what hath béene obserued in former ages by forren writers in and about such foretokens The consent of the heauens and of men pronounced to Italie their calamities to come for that such as made profession to haue iudgement either by science or diuine inspiration in the things to come assured with one voice that there were in preparing both more great mutations and more strange and horrible accidents than for manie worlds before had béene discerned in anie part or circuit of the earth There were seene in the night in Pouille thrée suns in the middest of the firmament but manie clouds about them with right fearefull thunders and lightnings In the territorie of Aretze were visiblie seene passing in the aire infinit numbers of armed men vpon mightie horsses with a terrible noise of drums and trumpets The images figures of saints did sweat in manie parts of Italie In euerie place of the countrie were brought foorth manie monsters of men and other creatures with manie other things against the order of nature concurring all at one time but in diuerse places by means wherof the people were caried into incredible feares being alreadie amazed with the brute of the French powers furie of that nation with which according to the testimonie of histories they had aforetime run ouer all Italie sacked and made desolate with fire and sword the citie of Rome and subdued in Asia manie prouinces and generallie no part of the world which had not felt the vertue of their armes But albeit these iudgements are oftentimes fallible and rather coniectures vncerteine than effects happening yet the accidents that drew on brought to them in the spirits of fraile men an absolute faith credit religion So that there is in foreshe was matter of moment worthie to be obserued howsoeuer the world 〈◊〉 asléep in the lap of securitâ—e â—s touched with no feare of change But alas the Heathen could see the coâ—trarâ—e and therefore sai◠〈…〉 they were commanded to the Tower But shortlie after when they had béene tried and purged of that suspicion he commanded them both to be set at libertie But sir Thomas Gréene fell sicke before and remained in the Tower in hope to be restored to his health as well as to his libertie but by death he was preuented And here bicause it is good to see the consent of histories in the report of accidents it shall not be amisse to repeat the entier relation of a late writer stranger touching this casualtie which befell line 10 to king Philip in such sort to be cast vpon the English coasts as also the promise of the said king to deliuer the duke of Suffolke into the hands of king Henrie with the cause as it is supposed why the king desired to haue him within his owne reach ¶ King Philip was imbarked to saile out of Flanders into Spaine with a great armie by sea and to reduce his going to a more facilitie and safetie for he feared least his father in law by the aid of the French would hinder his passage he practised the Spanish line 20 subtilties and agréed with him to leaue vnto him the managing and policie of the most part of affaires and that they shuld take in common the title of king of Spaine according to the example in the queenes time and lastlie that the reuenues and tributes should be diuided in an order certeine indifferent By reason of which accord his father in law notwithstanding he was not assured of the obseruation sent him into Flanders manie ships to furnish his voiage with the which hauing imbarked his wife and line 30 Ferdinand his second sonne he tooke his course into Spaine with forward winds which within two dais turning cleane contrarie after his nauie had runne a dangerous fortune and made a wearie resistance against the furie of the sea his ships were cast vpon sundrie coasts of England and Britaine his owne person with two or thrée ships being driuen with manifest perill vpon England into the hauen of South-hampton Whereof Henrie the seuenth then king of that line 40 nation being aduertised sent to him with spéed manie barons to doo him honour and desire him to come to his court then at London a request which Philip could not denie the king of Englands demand beeing no lesse honourable than his owne estate full of necessitie and nakednesse He remained in the court of England vntill all his nauie was reassembled and eftsoones rigged making in the meane while betwéene them new capitulations wherein albeit Philip in all other things held himselfe vsed as a king yet line 50 in this one thing complained that he was constreined as a prisoner to consent to redeliuer to K. Henries hands the duke
and yet giuen me no defiance And sith that by the grace of God I haue defended my selfe from him as he hath seene and euerie one line 60 else without that he hath giuen me anie warning or considering the reason and iustification whereon I doo rest my selfe for the which I thinke I haue not otherwise deserued towards God I hope that at this time now you aduertise me of it being aduertised I shall defend my selfe the better in such sort that the king your maister shall doo me no hurt for sith he dooth defie me I am halfe assured And touching that which you spake of the pope none hath béene more sorrowfull than I of that which was doone and it was without my knowledge or commandement and that which hath béene doone was doone by vnrulie people without obedience to anie of my capteins And yet I aduertise you that the pope long since is set at libertie and yesterdaie I had certeine newes of it And touching the sonnes of your maister he knoweth that I haue them for pledges and also my lords his ambassadors know well that the fault hath not lien in me that they haue not béene deliuered And as for that of the king of England my good brother and vncle I beléeue if it be so as you doo say that he is not well informed of things passed and if he were yet could I not saie as your writing conteineth I desire to send him my reasons for to aduertise him of all the truth And I beleeue when he shall know it that he will be vnto me as he hath béene I neuer denied the monie which I borowed of him and I am readie to paie it as by reason right I am bound and thanked be God I haue enough to doo it Neuerthelesse if he will make warre against me it will be to my great displeasure I cannot but defend my selfe I praie to God that he giue me no more occasion than I thinke I haue giuen vnto him And to the rest for that your writing is great and the paper sheweth it selfe to be gentle séeing that they haue written what they would you shall giue me the writing whereby more particularlie I maie answer in another paper wherein shall be nothing but truth This answer being made by his maiestie with his owne mouth vnto Guien king of armes the said Guien tooke his cote of armes that he had on his left arme as before is said and put it on and then Clarenceaux king of armes of England said vnto his maiestie not by writing but by mouth as followeth The English heralds message deliuered by word of mouth SIr the king my souereigne lord hath commanded me to say vnto you that séeing the necessitie of peace in the christian religion as well by reason of the inforcements manie yéers past begun by the great Turke enimie vnto our faith which by force of armes hath taken awaie from the christians the citie and I le of Rhodes one of the principall bulworks of christendome and in Hungarie the fortresse of Belgrad and part of the countrie there as also by heresies and new sects of late risen in diuerse places of christendome and likewise knowing the great warres being kindled in all parts by meanes of which all christendome is in trouble confusion and maruellous diuision and not long since by your people and ministers and souldiers in your armie and vnder your capteins the holie citie of Rome hath béene sacked and robbed the person of our holie father the pope taken prisoner and kept by your people the cardinals likewise taken and put to ransome the churches robbed bishops priests and people of religion put to the sword and so manie other euils cruelties and inhumane facts committed by your people that the aire and the land are infected therewith And it is verie like that God is verrie greatlie stirred and prouoked vnto ire And to speake after the maner of men if by amendment it be not pacified innumerable euils and inconueniences shall happen vnto all christendome And for that the root and increasement of the said warre proceedeth of the contentions and debates betwéene you and the most christened king his good brother and perpetuall alie to make an end of which debates the king my souereigne lord hath sent his ambassadors and others vnto the most christened king his good brother with whome he hath doone so much that for the loue that he hath borne him he hath made vnto you so great offers and so reasonable that you cannot nor ought reasonablie to refuse them as conditions and offers for his ransome excéeding the ransome accustomed of all kings And if in this the consideration of peace had not béene an euill example might thereof grow for other kings and christened princes subiect vnto the like fortune Of which offers and conditions he hath likewise aduertised you by his ambassadours praied and besought you for the honour of God and the wealth of all christendome for the benefits and pleasures that he hath doone vnto you diuerse waies and that in line 10 time of your great néed that it would please you to accept the said offers and make an end of the said warres that haue too long endured Likewise as a christened prince bound to the protection of the pope and sée apostolike and consequentlie to the deliuerance of his holinesse whom you cannot nor ought to kéepe prisoner without great offense that you would restore his holinesse vnto a full and entier libertie Also he hath oftentimes shewed by diuerse obligations line 20 and other meanes how you are indebted vnto him in diuerse great summes of monie that he hath giuen and lent you in your necessitie requiring you to make paiment Of all which things you haue made no account from time to time but deferred it and held in suspense the ambassadours of the king my souereigne without hauing regard to Gods honour and the necessitie of all christendome and the reuerence that ye ought to haue vnto the holie seate and person of our line 30 holie father the pope the vicar of God on earth or vnto the pleasures that you haue receiued of him or vnto your faith and promise that you so oftentimes haue made And for this cause the king my said souereigne by honest reason and iustice constreined by great and ripe deliberation of his councell hoping for a finall conclusion hath caused againe to be presented offers more large and to greater aduantage than the others before to put you in deuoir and to auoid and take awaie all occasion to deferre and dissemble line 40 to come to reason Which offers and the augmenting of the same haue béene made and made againe with all demonstrations and honest resons that haue beene possible And in the end there hath béene made vnto you instance for the deliuerie of our holie father whom you haue restreined or caused to be restreined in place of deliuerie which is very
would forsake their habit and all that were vnder the age of foure and twentie yéeres and the residue were closed vp that would remaine Further they tooke order that no men should haue accesse to the houses of women nor women to the houses of men except it should be to heare their seruice The abbat or prior of the house where anie of the brethren was willing to depart was appointed to giue to euerie of them a priests gowne for his habit and fortie shillings in monie the nunnes to haue such apparell as secular women ware and to go whither them liked best ¶ The eleuenth of Nouember was a great procession at London for â—oie of the French kings recouerie of health from a dangerous sicknesse ¶ In December a surueie was taken of all chanteries and the names of them that had the gift of them The princesse Dowager â—â—eng at Kâ—imbalton fell into hir last sicknesse whereof the king being aduertised appointed the emperors ambassador that was legier here with him named Eustachius Caputius to go to visit hir and to doo his commendations to hir and will hir to be of good comfort The ambassador with all diligence did his duetie therein comforting hir the best he might but she within six daies after perceiuing hir selfe to wax verie weake and féeble and to féele death approching at hand caused one of hir gentlewomen to write a letter to the king commending to him hir daughter and his beseeching him to stand good father vnto hir and further desired him to haue some consideration of hir gentlewomen that had serued hir and to sée them bestowed in marriage Further that it would please him to appoint that hir seruants might haue their due wages and a yéeres wages beside This in effect was all that she requested and so immediatlie herevpon she departed this life the eight of Ianuarie at Kimbalton aforesaid and was buried at Peterborow ¶ The nine and twentith of Ianuarie quéene Anne was deliuered of a child before hir time which was borne dead On the fourth of Februarie the parlement began in the which amongst other things enacted all religious houses of the value of three hundred marks and vnder were giuen to the king with all the lands and goods to them belonging The number of these houses were thrée hundred seauentie and six the value of their lands yearlie aboue two and thirtie thousand pounds their moouable goods one hundred thousand the religious persons put out of the same houses amounted to the number of aboue 10000. This yéere was William Tindall burnt at a towne betwixt Bruxels and Maclin called Uillefort This Tindall otherwise called Hichins was borne in the marches of Wales and hauing a desire to translate and publish to his countrie diuerse books of the bible in English and doubting to come in trouble for the same if he should remaine here in England got him ouer into the parties of beyond the sea where he translated not onelie the new testament into the English toong but also the fiue bookes of Moses Iosua Iudicum Ruth the books of the kings and Paralipomenon Nehemias or the first of Esdras and the prophet Ionas Beside these translations he made certeine tretises and published the same which were brought ouer into England and read with great desire of diuerse and of many sore despised and abhorred so that proclamations were procured foorth for the condemnation and prohibiting of his â—â—oks as before you haue heard Finallie he was apprehended at Antwerpe by meanes of one Philips an Englishman and then scholer at Louaine After he had remained in prison a long time and was almost forgotten the lord Cromwell wrote for his deliuerance but then in all hast because he would not recant anie part of his doctrine he was bâ—rned as before you haue heard Of whose conuersation and doctrine innocent in the world and sincere for truth as also of his death and martyrdome read the martyrolologie of Iohn Fox our ecclesiasticall chronographer Anno 1536. sub Hen. 8. On Maie daie were solemne iusts kept at Gréenwich and suddenlie from the iusts the king departed not hauing aboue six persons with him and in the euening came to Westminster Of this sudden departing many mused but most chéeflie the quéene ¶ On the next morrow the lord Rochford brother to the quéene and Henrie Norris were brought to line 10 the tower of London prisoners Also the same daie about fiue of the clocke in the after noone queene Anne of Bullongne was brought to the tower of London by sir Thomas Audleie lord chancellor the duke of Norffolke Thomas Cromwell secretarie and sir William Kingston constable of the tower and when she came to the tower gate entring in â—he fell on hir knées before the said lords beséeching God to helpe hir as she was not guiltie of that whereof she was accused and then desired the said lords to line 20 beséech the kings grace to be good vnto hir and so they left hir there prisoner On the fiftéenth of Maie quéene Anne was arreigned in the tower of London on a scaffold for that purpose made in the kings hall before the duke of Norffolke who sate vnder the cloth of estate as high steward of England with the lord chancellor on his right hand the duke of Suffolke on his left hand with marquesses and lords c and the earle of Surrie sat before the duke of Norffolke his father as earle marshall of England The kings commission being read the constable line 30 of the tower and the lieutenant brought the queene to the barre where was made a chaire for hir to sit downe in and there hir indictement was read wherevnto she made so wise and discréet answers that she seemed fullie to cleere hir selfe of all matters laid to hir charge but being tried by hir péeres whereof the duke of Suffolke was chiefe she was by them found guiltie and had iudgement pronounced by the duke of Norffolke line 40 Immediatlie the lord Rochford the queenes brother was likewise arreigned and condemned the lord maior of London his brethren the aldermen the wardens and foure persons mo of euerie the twelue principall companies being present The seauenteenth of Maie the lord Rochford brother to the quéene Henrie Norris Marke Smeton William Brierton and Francis Weston all of the kings priuie chamber about matters touching the quéene were beheaded on the tower hill the lord Rochfords line 50 bodie with the head was buried in the chappell of the tower the other foure in the churchyard there On the ninetéenth of Maie quéene Anne was on a scaffold made for that purpose vpon the gréene within the tower of London beheaded with the sword of Calis by the hands of the hangman of that towne hir bodie with the head was buried in the quéere of the chappell in the tower The words of queene Anne line 60 at hir death GOod christian people I am come hither to
of the same by the space of nine or ten daies togither at last they resolued vpon an act of parlement to be made and to reuiue the execution of the said debt against the said Welden which was principall debter and to discharge the said Ferrers But before this came to passe the common house was diuided vpon the question howbeit in conclusion the act passed for the said Ferrers woone by fourtéene voices The king then being aduertised of all this procéeding called immediatlie before him the lord chancellor of England and his iudges with the speaker of the parlement and other of the grauest persons of the nether house to whome he declared his opinion to this effect First commending their wisedomes in mainteining the priuileges of their house which he would not haue to be infringed in anie point he alleged that he being head of the parlement and attending in his owne person vpon the businesse thereof ought in reason to haue priuilege for him and all his seruants attending there vpon him So that if the said Ferrers had beene no burgesse but onlie his seruant yet in respect thereof he was to haue the priuilege as well as anie other For I vnderstand quoth he that you not onelie for your owne persons but also for your necessarie seruants euen to your cookes and horssekéepers inioie the said priuilege in somuch as my lord chancellor here present hath informed vs that he being speaker of the parlement the cooke of the Temple was arrested in London and in execution vpon a statute of the staple And for somuch as the said cooke during all the parlement serued the speaker in that office he was taken out of execution by the priuilege of the parlement And further we be informed by our iudges that we at no time stand so highlie in our estate roiall as in the time of parlement wherein we as head and you as members are conioined and knit togither into one bodie politike so as whatsoeuer offense or iniurie during that time is offered to the meanest member of the house is to be iudged as doone against our person and the whole court of parlement Which prerogatiue of the court is so great as our learned councell informeth vs as all acts and processes comming out of anie other inferiour courts must for the time cease and giue place to the highest And touching the partie it was a great presumption in him knowing our seruant to be one of this house and being warned thereof before would neuerthelesse prosecute this matter out of time and therevpon was well worthie to haue lost his debt which I would not wish and therefore doo commend your equitie that hauing lost the same by law haue restored him to the same against him who was his debter And if it be well considered what a charge hath it béene to vs and you all not onelie in expense of our substance but also in losse of time which should haue béene imploied about the affaires of our realme to fit here welnigh one whole fortnight about this one priuat case he may thinke himselfe better vsed than his desert And this may be a good example to other to learne good maners not to attempt anie thing against the priuilege of this court but to take their time better This is mine opinion and if I erre I must referre my selfe to the iudgement of our iustices here present and other learned in our lawes Whervpon sir Edw. Montacute lord chiefe iustice verie grauelie told his opinion cōfirming by diuers reasons all that the king had said which was assented vnto by all the residue none speaking to the contrarie The act in déed passed not the higher house for the lords had not time to consider of it by reason of the dissolution of the parlement the feast of Easter then approching Bicause this case hath beene diuerslie reported and is commonlie alleged as a president for the priuilege of the parlement I haue endeuored my selfe to learne the truth thereof and so set it forth with the whole circumstance at large according to their instructions who ought best both to know and remember it This yeare in Maie the king tooke a lone of monie of all such as were valued at fiftie pounds and vpward in the subsidie bookes The lord priuie seale the bishop of Winchester sir Iohn Baker and sir Thomas Wriothesleie were commissioners about this lone in London where they so handled the matter that of some head citizens they obteined a thousand markes in prest to the kings vse They that laid line 10 forth anie summe in this wise had priuie scales for the repaiment thereof within two yeares next insuing Diuerse of the Irish nobilitie came this yeere into England and made their submission to the king as in the Irish chronicle it is more particularlie touched Also wars fell out betwixt England and Scotland the causes whereof as appeereth by a declaration set forth by the king of England at this present in effect were these First there were diuerse of the English rebels such as had moued the commotion line 20 in the north and Lincolneshire that fled into Scotland and were there mainteined and although request had béene made that they might be deliuered yet it would not be granted Moreouer where the king of Scots had promised to repaire vnto Yorke the last yeare and there to méet his vncle the king of England wherevpon the king of England to his great charges had made preparation for their méeting there the same was not line 30 onelie disappointed but also at the kings being at Yorke in lieu thereof an inuasion was made by the Scots as it were in contempt and despite of the king of England who notwithstanding imputing the default of méeting to the aduise of his nephues councell and the inuasion to the lewdnesse of his subiects was contented to giue courteous audience vnto such ambassadors as the same king of Scots sent into England which came to the king at Christmas last and with manie swéet and pleasant words excused that which was doone amisse sought to persuade line 40 kindnesse and perfect amitie in time to come And for the better accomplishment thereof they offered to send commissioners to the borders there to determine the debate betwixt them of the confines if it would please the king likewise to send commissioners for his part which to doo he gratiouslie condescended desirous to make triall of his nephue in some correspondence of deeds to the faire and pleasant messages in words which he had receiued from line 50 him Herevpon commissioners were sent from either king the which met and talked But where the Englishmen chalenged a peece of ground vndoubtedlie vsurped by the Scots being for the same shewed such euidence as more substantiall or more autentike can not be brought forth for anie ground within the realme the same was neuerthelesse by the Scots denied and reiected onelie for
were persuaded than vanquished taught than ouerthrowne quietlie pacified than rigorouslie persecuted Ye require to haue the statute of six articles reuiued And know you what ye require Or know ye what ease ye haue with the losse of them They were lawes made but quicklie repented too bloudie they were to be borne of our people yet at the first in deed made of some necessitie Oh subiects how are ye trapped by euill persons We of pitie bicause they were bloudie tooke them awaie and you now of ignorance will aske them againe You know full well that they helped vs to extend rigour and gaue vs cause to draw our sword verie often And since our mercie mooued vs to write our lawes with milke and equitie how are ye blinded to aske them in bloud But leauing this maner of reasoning and resorting to the truth of our authoritie we let you wit the same hath béene adnulled by parlement with great reioise of our subiects and not now to be called in question And dareth anie of you with the name of a subiect stand against an act of parlement a law of the realme What is our power if lawes should be thus neglected Or what is your suertie if lawes be not kept Assure you most suerlie that we of no earthlie thing vnder the heauen make such reputation as we doo of this one to haue our lawes obeied this cause of God to be throughlie mainteined from the which we will neuer remoue a heares bredth nor giue place to anie creature liuing but therein will spend our whole roiall person our crowne treasure realme and all our state whereof we assure you of our high honor For herein resteth our honor herein doo all kings knowledge vs a king And shall anie one of you dare breath or thinke against our kingdome and crowne In the end of this your request as we be giuen to vnderstand ye would haue them stand in force till our full age To this we thinke that if ye knew what ye spake ye would not haue vttred the motion nor neuer giuen breath to such a thought For what thinke you of our kingdome Be we of lesse authoritie for our age Be we not your king now as we shall be Shall ye be subiects hereafter and now are ye not Haue we not the right we shall haue If ye would suspend and hang our dooings in doubt vntill our full age ye must first know as a king we haue no difference of yeares but as a naturall man and creature of God we haue youth and by his sufferance shall haue age We are your rightfull king your liege lord the souereigne prince of England not by our age but by Gods ordinance not onelie when we shall be one and twentie yeares of age but when we were of ten yéers We possesse our crowne not by yeares but by the bloud and descent from our father king Henrie the eight If it be considered they which mooue this matter if they durst vtter themselues would denie our kingdome But our good subiects know their prince and will increase not diminish his honor inlarge his power not abate it knowledge his kingdome not deferre it to certeine yeares All is one to speake against our crowne and to denie our kingdome as to require that our lawes maie be broken vnto one and twentie yeares Be we not your crowned annointed and established king Wherein be we of lesse maiestie of lesse authoritie or lesse state than our progenitors kings of this realme except your vnkindnes your vnnaturalnesse will diminish our estimation We haue hitherto since the death of our father by the good aduise and counsell of our deare and intirelie beloued vncle the duke of Summerset and gouernor and protector kept our estate mainteined our realme preserued our honour defended our people from all enimies We haue hitherto béene feared and dread of our enimies yea of princes kings and nations Yea herein we be nothing inferiour to anie our progenitors which grace we acknowledge to be giuen vs from God and how else but by good obedience line 10 good counsell of our magistrates and by the authoritie of our kingdome England hitherto hath gained honour during our reigne it hath woone of the enimie and not lost It hath béene maruelled that wée of so yoong yeares haue reigned so noblie so roiallie so quietlie And how chanceth that you our louing subiects of that our countrie of Cornewall and Deuonshire will giue occasion to slander this our realme of England to giue courage to the enimie to note our realme of line 20 the euill of rebellion to make it a preie to our old enimies to diminish our honour which God hath giuen our father left our good vncle and councell preserued vnto vs What greater euill could ye commit than euen now when our forren enimie in Scotland and vpon the sea seeketh to inuade vs to doo our realme dishonour than to arise in this maner against our law to prouoke our wrath to aske our vengeance and to giue vs an occasion to spend that force vâ—on you which we meant to bestow vpon our enimies to line 30 begin to slaie you with that sword that we drew forth against Scots and other enimies to make a conquest of our owne people which otherwise should haue beene of the whole realme of Scotland Thus farre we haue descended from our high maiestie for loue to consider you in your simple ignorance and haue béene content to send you an instruction like a father who of iustice might haue sent you your destructions like a king to rebels And now we let you know that as you sée our mercie abundantlie line 40 so if ye prouoke vs further we sweare to you by the liuing God ye shall féele the power of the same God in our sword which how mightie it is no subiect knoweth how puissant it is no priuat man can iudge how mortall no Englishman dare thinke But suerlie suerlie as your lord and prince your onlie king and maister we saie to you repent your selues and take our mercie without delaie or else we will foorthwith extend our princelie power and execute our sharpe sword against you as against infidels line 50 and Turks and rather aduenture our owne roiall person state and power than the same should not be executed And if you will proue the example of our mercie learne of certeine which latlie did arise as they perceiuing pretended some griefes and yet acknowledging their offenses haue not onelie most humblie their pardon but féele also by our order to whome onelie all publike order apperteineth present redresse of their griefes In the end we admonish you of line 60 your duties to God whome ye shall answere in the daie of the Lord of your duties toward vs whom ye shall answere by our order and take our mercie whilest God so inclineth vs least when ye shall be constreined to aske we shall be two much hardened in heart to grant it
potiti cuncta immutârunt line 50 pro tropheis habentes locis à se deuictis noua imponere nomina The Saxons therfore as of all other cities townes few excepted so of this also they changed and altered the old names and called it Monketon and by which name it was so called by the space of three hundred and od yéeres and vntill the time of king Athelstane for he about the yéere of our Lord nine hundred thirtie and two being much gréeued and vnquieted with the rebellion of the Cornish people because they refused and denied to acknowledge line 60 him for their lawfull king did bend his force conduct his armie against them And hauing subdued and preuailed ouer them he returned to this citie and while he rested here he repared the same and the walles which before were but mightie ditches of earth and the banks set with great poles of timber now destroied he builded all of square stone as it is recorded Hanc vrbem primus Athelstanus in potestatem Anglorum fugatis Britonibus reductam turribus muniuit mâ—raex quadratis lapidibus randem cinxit And then he altered and changed the former names and called it after the name of the riuer Esseterra or Exeterra that is to saie Exeter For so is it written Est Exonia viâ—â— Deuoniae comitatus â—eco praecelso ad occidentem versus posita abluâ—túrque flumine Exi à quo nomen habet Others name it of the riuer â—â—oting by it which they saie is named Excestrum thus they write Clarissima vrbium est Excestria quae ab amni Excestro qui eandem praeterfluit est sic nuncupata I find it also written in an old chronicle that it is named Exancestria or Exancestâ—e which shuld seeme to be so called by the Saxons For the most part of the cities townes forts which they builded or reedified did end in cestre as Glocestre Lecestre Manchestre Winchestre Oscestre Worcestre Colchestre Cicestre Ilcestre Bicestre this citie of Excestre with others For Caire in British Cestre in Saxonish are one thing doo signifie in English a fort towre or castell This citie as is before said being walled about with stone by king Athelstane is not altogither foure square but declineth somewhat toward a roundnesse and conteineth in circuit or compasse sixteene hundred whole pases after fiue foot to a pase which accounting after the Italian maner one thousand pases to a mile it is a mile and halfe about somewhat more The situation of this citie is verie pleasant and delicate being set vpon a little hill among manie hilles For the whole countrie round about is mounteinous and full of hilles It is pendent towards the south and west parts after and in such sort that be the streets neuer so foule or filthie yet with a shoure of raine they are clensed and made sweet And albeit hilles are commonlie drie yet nature is so beneficiall to this litle hill that it is in euerie quarter full of water springs by that meanes the whole citie is throughlie furnished with wels and tirpits the great good benefit and commoditie whereof hath well appéered in sundrie times of necessitie and especiallie in the time of the late commotion which was in the yeere of our Lord 1549. For albeit the enimie by breking and spoiling of the pipes or canales whereby water was conueied to the founteins of the citie from certeine springs distant not a mile from the same did abridge them of that water yet most comfortablie they did inioy without impeachment the wels and tirpits within the walles which abundantlie floted with waters to the satisfieng of all people therein There are also within this citie certeine founteins or conduits wherevnto through certeine canales or pipes of lead the waters from certeine springs rising in the fields not far from the citie are brought and conueied And these waters are of most price because by the carriage thereof they are purified and made lighter than are the other waters springing within the citie and by that means more meet for dressing of meats Of these conduits two are speciall the one of them standeth and is within the cemiterie or churchyard of the cathedrall church of the said citie and is called saint Peters conduit the other being of great antiquitie standeth in the middle of the citie at the méeting of foure principall streets of the same and whereof somâ—times it tooke his name being called the conduit at Quatrefois or Carfox but now the great conduit At the higher end of this citie is a verie old and ancient castell named Rugemont that is to saie the red hill taking that name of the red soile or earth wherevpon it is situated The site or situation of it is eminent and aboue both the citie and countrie adioining for they doo all lie as it were vnder the lée thereof It hath a goodlie and pleasant prospect towards the seas for betweene that and it is no hill at all It is stronglie ditched round about and was first builded as some thinke by Iulius Cesar but rather and in truth by the Romans after him when they had their recourse to it for their defense refuge and abode manie yeares The same was sometimes the palace of such kings as vnto whome the kingdome of Westsex or Westsaxons was allotted vnto and after them it was the habitation of the earles of Cornewall and last of all of the dukes of Excester It was alwaies parcell and of the inheritance of the earledome but now of the duchie of Cornewall it is in great ruine and decaie and not easilie to be gotten with force if it were reedified and inuironed At the lower end and part of this citie without the wals floteth a goodlie and a pleasant riuer which the Britons called Isk Ptolomeus by misinformation line 10 nameth it Isaca but the other old writers named it Esse Exe Exa or Excestrum and these names be reteined at these presents It hath his head or spring in a certeine moore or desert distant from the citie néere about foure and twentie miles called Exmoore It floweth into the maine seas about eight miles from the citie at a place named Exmouth and by the waie it is increased with sundrie riuers brooks lakes the chiefe of which are Créedie and Collome It is well stored and is plentifull of samon front line 20 peale dace pike and other like freshwater fishes which albeit they be verie good and delicate and especiallie the samon and pike yet they are the lesse estéemed bicause the seas being so néere doâ— furnish the citie countrie verie abundantlie with sundrie kinds of sea fishes most delicate The maine seas are not distant from the citie aboue eight miles out of which commeth an arme seruing for the port of the same which as dooth appeare by certeine old and ancient
about the feast of the Epiphanie Edward the Blacke prince eldest sonne to Edward the third being about the age of nine yeares was in the twelfe yéere of his father being the yeare of our redemption 1338 or as saith Matthew Parker 1337 made gardian of England in the absence of his father being as then sailed into Flanders to procure the Flemmings to aid him against the French king Under which prince as some write or rather as I for the time take it equall in commission line 10 to him it séemeth that Iohn archbishop of Canturburie had the cheefest rule of the land bicause that king Edward after his returne into England which was about the fouretéenth or the fifteenth of his reigne charged the said bishop with certeine negligences which he vsed in collections of monie whilest he had the chiefe rule of the land when he was in the wars of France Wherefore the words of Matthew Parker in the life of the said Iohn Stratford saieng that the king held a parlement in which Omnem regni line 20 curam gubernationem archiepiscopo cōmisit must néeds be intended that he had that charge vnder or equallie with the said Blacke prince as chiefest councellor to support the tender yeares of his sonne After which also in the yeare of our redemption as hath the same Matthew Parker 1342 being about the sixteenth of the said Edward the third the king committed the care gouernement of the kingdome to the said archbishop whilest the king was beyond line 30 the seas in the warres for thus writeth the said Parker fol. 257. Ac paulo post nulla purgatione indicta speaking of the said bishop vniustlie accused to the king aut recepta omnibus penè parlamenti ordinibus pro archiepiscopo deprecantibus rex eum sua sponte legitimè purgatum excusatum pronuntiauit eúmque multo magis charum quà m antè habuit omnibúsque gerendis in Anglia rebus se in militia absente praefecit Of which archbishop being somtime chancellor and treasuror of England shall be set downe a more large discourse in my large booke of the liues of the chancellors line 40 Lionell third sonne to Edward the third was in the ninth yere of the reigne of the said king Edward the third being the yeare in which the word became flesh 1345 made gardian of England in the absence of his father who as then was sailed into the parts beyond the seas of Flanders Of this man there is more spoken in my following treatise of the dukes of England Henrie lord Persie Rafe lord Neuill when Edward line 50 the third was sailed into Normandie were in the twentith yere of the reigne of the said Edward the third being the yeare of our redemption 1346 appointed to be gardians of the realme in his absence with the archbishop of Yorke the bishop of Lincolne and Thomas Hatfield bishop of Durham Thomas of Woodstocke being verie yoong was made custos or gardian of England in the yere that God tooke on him the forme of a seruant 1359 being the thrée thirtith of the reigne of the said king Edward the third when he sailed into France with a line 60 1100 ships Of this man is more spoken in my discourse of the dukes of England set downe in the time of quéene Elizabeth and in my treatise of the conestables of England set downe in the time of Henrie the eight pag. 867. Iohn of Gant duke of Lancaster fourth sonne of Edward the third bicause the king his father was féeble and sicklie being now about thrée score fiue yeares of age though Bodinus in his Methodo historiae saie that he died in his climactericall yeare of thrée score and thrée for the truth is that the said Edward the third was fourtéene yeares old when he began to reigne and he reigned about one and fiftie yeares which make of his age thrée score and fiue yeares but especiallie for the sorrow which the king inwardlie conceiued for the death of that worthie prince his son commonlie surnamed the Blacke prince This Iohn of Gaunt after the death of the said Blacke prince which died in the yeare of Christ 1376 being the fiftith yeare of the reigne of Edward the third whose death was déemed to be hastned by the said Iohn of Gaunt aspiring to the crowne the plat whereof though it tooke not effect in the life of the said Iohn yet it was performed in his sonne Henrie of Bullingbrooke who deposed Richard the second was appointed by his father Edward the third to haue the rule of the realme vnder him the which he continued during his fathers life which was not a full yeare after that he had made the said Iohn of Gaunt gouernour of England After which death of king Edward the third when Richard the second a child of eleuen yeares of age began his reigne in the yeare of our redemption 1377 in the first yeare of the said Richard the second after his coronation the said Iohn of Gaunt duke of Lancaster Edmund of Langleie earle of Cambridge brother to the said Iohn of Gaunt were appointed to haue the gouernement of the kings person and the administration of the common-wealth But shortlie after in the same yere of the king in the yeare of our redemption 1378 the said Iohn of Gaunt gaue vp the same office Of this man is more said in my treatise of the dukes of England William Courtneie bishop of London but shortlie after his protectorship aduanced vnto the sée of Canturburie in the yeare of Christ 1381 about the ninth of Ianuarie being about the fourth of Richard the second was made gouernor of the realme in this maner After as is before said that the duke of Lancaster had wiselie weied the fickle estate of the realme and considered that by the euill gouernment of the nobilitie and inconstant mind of the yoong king there must néeds fall a change of the estate doubting that if any thing succéeded otherwise than the nobles liked the cause and negligence might be imputed to him as one who cheeflie had the gouernment in his hands and thanks howsoeuer the state was ruled he looked for none did in the end after a few months authoritie wholie misliking the maners of the court which commonlie are not of the best in the minoritie of princes surrender his protectorship and obteined licence of the king to depart and so got him quietlie to his castell of Kenelworth permitting others to haue the whole swaie of the kingdome Notwithstanding all which in the second yeare of Richard the second about the yeare of Christ 1379 being not altogither carelesse of the kings well dooing this duke before his departing to Kenelwoorth caused certeine graue persons with his full consent to be ordeined which should haue the gouernement of the kings person and administration of the common-wealth The names of whome were William Courtneie before mentioned Edmund Mortimer
countenance and words with hartie praiers for hir maiesties prosperous estate and preseruation which no doubt were acceptable to God as by the sequele of things it may certenlie be belieued sith his diuine maiestie hath so directed hir dooings that if euer the common-wealth of this land hath flourished it may rightlie be said that in hir most happie reigne it hath béene most flourishing in peace quietnesse and due administration of iustice mixed with mercifull clemencie so as those which cannot content themselues with the present state of things vnder hir rule no doubt they are such factious creatures as will not rest satisfied with anie kind of gouernement be it neuer so iust and commendable From the which sort of men the Lord deliuer hir roiall maiestie and all hir true and louing subiects and preserue hir in long life to all our comforts and continue hir in such happie procéedings as she hath begun to the end On mondaie the eight and twentith of Nouember about two of the clocke in the afternoone hir line 10 grace remooued againe and taking hir chariot rode from my lord Norths house alongst Barbican and entring by Criplegate into the citie kept along the wall to Bishops gate and so by blanch Chapelton vnto Marke lane At hir entring into blanch Chapleton the artillerie in the tower began to go off continuallie shooting for the space almost of halfe an houre but yet had made an end before hir maiestie was aduanced to Berkin church and so with great ioie and prease of people of whom all the streets were line 20 full as she passed declaring their inward reioisings by gesture words and countenance she entered the tower where she continued till the fift of December being mondaie on the which daie she remooued by water vnto Summerset place in the Strond where she arriued about ten of the clocke in the forenoone the same daie ¶ On thursdaie betwéene two and thrée in the morning the eight of December 1558 in the first yeare of our souereigne ladie quéene Elisabeths reigne died line 30 in the tower of London that honorable man sir Thomas Cheineie knight of the order treasuror of hir maiesties most honorable houshold warden of the cinque ports of hir highnesse priuie councell whose pulses by the report of his surgeon laboured more than thrée quarters of an houre after his death so stronglie as though life had not béene absent from the bodie By the report also of the same surgeon he had the swéetest face of death to behold for one of his yeares that euer he saw and died so quietlie and patientlie line 40 that neither his face mouth eies hands or féet were vncomelie vsed in the changing of this his life For twentie yeares before his departure he kept in his stable continuallie winter and summer twentie great horsse at the least and eight or nine geldings besides sixtéene or seuentéene geldings which were kept at grasse and had in a readinesse furniture for them all to serue in the field and no one of the same horsse or geldings but he was able and readie for anie man at armes to serue vpon Beside this he line 50 kept so bountifull a house and was so liberall and good to his men that well was that noble mans son gentlemans sonne or other that might happen to be preferred into his seruice And againe the number of his seruants to whom he gaue liueries were 205 wherof in houshold were six score besides strangers that were dailie comming and going And his seruants had no iust cause either for lacke of great wages trulie paid them euerie quarter and boordwages line 60 euerie sundaie or plentie of meat and drinke lodging on good featherbeds to liue out of order And such commoditie as might by chance fall within the iurisdiction of his office of wardenrie being a thing fit for his men he neuer turned the same to his owne vse but alwaies gaue it them Whether this realme hath not lost a worthie subiect and speciallie his men a good maister let all men iudge that knew him Before his departure out of this world he seemed to haue a great care for his men thinking least without some prouision for them they would after his death run at randon and liue disorderlie which like a noble man he preuented after this liberall sort as followeth In his last will and testament to some he gaue annuities during life and to others a whole yeares wages after his death but both to the one sort and the other he prouided that all things which he owght them might be paied and also so long as they vsed themselues like honest men and were not reteined in seruice they should haue meat drinke and lodging at his house till his sonne now lord Cheinie came to his lawfull age which was the space of thrée yeares in no lesse or worsse maner than they were woont and accustomed to haue in his life time In his last will he also remembred some of his freends as well those of nobilitie and worship as others some with one gift and some with an other desiring them to assist his executors for the performance of his last will His wit experience courtesie and valiantnesse in seruice was such as king Henrie the eight and his children to wit king Edward the sixt quéene Marie and queene Elisabeth vsed him as one of all their priuie councell and was treasuror of all their honorable housholds during his life He was brought vp in king Henrie the seuenths house was one of his henchmen So that it appeareth before he died he had serued thrée kings and two quéenes His truth was such to all these princes that he euer liued towards them Sine macula seruing in the court thrée score years And although he bare this great saile yet prouided he to paie euerie man iustlie that he owght them His bountifulnesse liberalitie and courtesie to diuerse noble men gentlemen and others attending in the court was such that they were euer glad to haue him there amongst them and his stoutnesse haltie courage was such and so well knowen to the Frenchmen as they both feared and loued him wonderfullie In the end he was so worthie a gentleman and such a necessarie member in the common-wealth as his want cannot but be lamented of all good and true English harts But the almightie must be serued when his good will and pleasure is The thirtéenth of December being tuesdaie the corps of quéene Marie was right honorablie conueied from hir manor of S. Iames vnto the abbeie of Westminster Hir picture was laid on the coffin apparelled in hir roiall robes with a crowne of gold set on the head thereof after a solemne manner In the abbeie was a rich and sumptuous hearse prepared and set vp with wax and richlie decked with penoâ—s baners and scutchions of the armes of England and France vnder which
so mercifull vnto me as to spare me to behold this ioifull daie And I acknowledge that thou hast delt as woonderfullie and as mercifullie with me as thou diddest line 10 with thy true and faithfull seruant Daniell thy prophet whome thou deliueredst out of the den from the crueltie of the greedie and raging lions euen so was I ouerwhelmed and onlie by thee deliuered To thee therefore onlie be thankes honor and praise for euer Amen The second was the receiuing of the bible at the little conduit in Cheape For when hir grace had learned that the bible in English should there be offered she thanked the citie therefore promised the reading thereof most diligentlie and incontinent commanded that it should be brought At the receipt whereof how reuerendlie did she with both hir hands take it kisse it and laie it vpon hir brest to the great comfort of the lookers on God will vndoubtedlie preserue so woorthie a prince which at his honor so line 30 reuerendlie taketh hir beginning For this saieng is true and written in the booke of truth He that first séeketh the kingdome of God shall haue all other things cast vnto him Now therefore all English hearts and hir naturall people must néeds praise Gods mercie which hath sent them so woorthie a prince and praie for hir graces long continuance amongst vs. On sundaie the fiue and twentith of Ianuarie hir maiestie was with great solemnitie crowned at Westminster in the abbeie church there by doctor Oglethorpe bishop of Carleill She line 40 dined in Westminster hall which was richlie hoong and euerie thing ordered in such roiall maner as to such a regall and most solemne feast apperteined In the meane time whilest hir grace sat at dinner sir Edward Dimmocke knight hir champion by office came riding into the hall in faire complet armor mounted vpon a beautifull courser richlie trapped in cloth of gold entred the hall and in the midst thereof cast downe his gantlet with offer to fight line 50 with him in hir quarell that should denie hir to be the righteous and lawfull quéene of this realme The quéene taking a cup of gold full of wine dranke to him thereof and sent it to him for his fée togither with the couer Now after this at the seruing vp of the wafers the lord maior of London went to the cupboord and filling a cup of gold with ipocrasse bare it to the quéene and knéeling before hir tooke the assaie and she receiuing it of him and drinking of it gaue the line 60 cup with the couer vnto the said lord maior for his fée which cup and couer weied sixtéene ounces Troie weight Finallie this feast being celebrated with all roiall ceremonies and high solemnities due and in like cases accustomed tooke end with great ioy and contentation to all the beholders On wednesdaie the fiue and twentith of Ianuarie the parlement began the queenes maiestie riding in hir parlement robes from hir palace of Whitehall vnto the abbeie church of Westminster with the lords spirituall and temporall attending hir likewise in their parlement robes Doctor Cox sometime schoolemaister to king Edward the sixt and now latelie returned from the parties of beyond the seas where during the daies of quéene Marie he had liued as a banished man preached now before the estates there assembled in the beginning of the said parlement In this parlement the first fruits and tenths were restored to the crowne also the supreame gouernment ouer the state ecclesiasticall which queene Marie had giuen to the pope Likewise the booke of common praier and administration of the sacraments in our mother toong was restored ¶ But before this good woorke was agréed vpon there was much debating about matters touching religion and great studie on both parties imploied the one to reteine still the other to impugne the doctrine and faction which before in quéene Maries time had béene established But speciallie here is to be noted that though there lacked no industrie on the papists side to hold fast that which they most cruellie from time to time had studied and by all meanes practised to come by yet notwithstanding such was the prouidence of God at that time that for lacke of the other bishops whom the Lord had taken awaie by death a little before the residue that there were left could doo the lesse and in verie deed God be praised therefore did nothing at all in effect although yet notwithstanding there lacked in them neither will nor labor to doo what they could if their cruell abilitie there might haue serued But namelie amongst all others not onelie the industrious courage of doctor Storie but also his words in this parlement are woorthie to be knowne of posteritie who like a stout and furious champion of the popes side to declare himselfe how lustie he was and what he had and would doo in his maisters quarell shamed not openlie in the said parlement house to burst out into such impudent sort of words as was woonder to all good eares to heare and no lesse woorthie of historie The summe of which his shamelesse talke was vttered to this effect First beginning with himselfe he declared that whereas he was noted commonlie abroad and much complained of to haue béene a great dooer a setter foorth of such religion orders procéedings as of his late souereigne that dead is quéene Marie were set foorth in this relme he denied nothing the same protesting moreouer that he had doone nothing therein but that both his conscience did lead him therevnto and also his commission did as well then command him as now also dooth discharge him for the same being no lesse readie now also to doo the like and more in case he by this queene were authorised likewise and commanded therevnto Wherefore as I sée saith he nothing to be ashamed of so lesse I see to be sorie for but rather said that he was sorie for this because he had doone no more than he did and that in executing those lawes they had not béene more vehement seuere Wherein he said there was no default in him but in them whome he both oft and earnestlie had exhorted to the same being therefore not a little gréeued with them for that they labored onelie about the yoong and little sprigs and twigs while they should haue stroken at the root and cleane haue rooted it out c. And concerning his persecuting and burning them he denied not but that he was once at the burning of an earewig for so he termed it at Uxbridge where he tost a fagot at his face as he was singing psalmes and set a wine bush of thorns vnder his féet a little to pricke him with manie other words of like effect In the which words he named moreouer sir Philip Hobbie and an other knight of Kent with such other of the richer and higher degrée whome his counsell was to plucke
reuerend a prelat as the managing of the princes affaires by him dooth well witnesse and this present age can yet well remember This man being of a mild condition was borne at Hachaford in Richmondshire and as Leland hath left in writing that he heard the base sonne of one Tunstall an ancient gentleman whose ancestors as I haue read came into England with the conquerour attending on him as his barbar for which cause he beareth in his armes thrée combes as a note to posteritie of the originall of his gentrie Which bishop although he is supposed to haue béene base borne as manie noble capteins and other the valiant persons of the world haue béene whereof six hundred examples as hath the prouerbe might be produced yet was he not base in lerning eloquence grauitie and honorable calling both in spirituall temporall affaires both in seruice of the prince and in charge of his church For besides manie other offices that he exercised he was maister of the rols sundrie time ambassador to forreine princes bishop of London and from thence by vertue of Clement the seuenth his bulles to K. Henrie the eight in the yeare 1530 the fiue twentith of March aduanced to the sée of Durham and by the kings letters elected therevnto the yeare before said In the which function he behaued himselfe as the worthinesse of the estate required and as the doctrine of the church in those daies would permit of which I meane not to intreat neither of his fall or rising but will onlie meddle with méere temporall accidents as one that hath not béene accustomed to die his pen in the bloud of mens consciences nor in the opinions of religion Wherefore to omit all such things I saie of this bishop that he was a man singularlie learned as Caius tearmeth him Literaâ—issimus in the Hebrue Gréeke and Latine toongs and did not onelie erect sumptuous buildings for the mind and inward man in furnishing when he was bishop of London a librarie in Cambridge with manie notable both written and printed bookes compiling also manie other bookes aswell of diuinitie as of other sciences wherof at this daie his arithmâ—tike is of great estimation through Europe but did also for the flesh outward man build from the ground a most beautifull porch or gatehouse with a chapell annexed therevnto of faire stone in the castell of Durham withall adding vnto the said castell certeine gates with iron bars and portcullices supported with strong walles line 10 of stone on each part for the more strength against the enimie not forgetting to make a water-conduit for the ease of washing and to serue the other offices in the house on the left side of the entrance into the said castell To which these sumptuous déeds for they are verie heroicall may be added the gatehouse built at Alnewike and the tolboth in the market of Durham all of stone with the rest of the houses of office next vnto the hinder part of the said tolboth which afterward with other great liberalities line 20 he gaue to the citizens of Durham Lastlie at his owne charge he new repared with stoneworke the third part of Tinbridge which his predecessour Thomas Langleie recouered against the manor of Newcastell and which others his predecessors as occasion was offered therefore did from time to time most statelie repare In the end about the latter reigne of Edward the sixt being by Kinian or Ninian Menuile or Menille accused for that he somewhat fauoured the Romane religion line 30 and was not so forward in furthering of the gospell as that time required he was for that cause depriued from his bishoprike from all other ecclesiasticall gouernment and committed to the tower where he remained all the time of K. Edward Afterward by the benefit of quéene Marie in the first yeare of hir reigne he was reinuested into his sée of Durham which he possessed all the time of hir gouernement during which he was not so seuere an executor of the Romane canons against the protestants line 40 as the other bishops of England were But she not continuing long such are the inconstancies of our estates vncerteinties of our troubles he was againe by the noble quéene Elisabeth depriued of his bishoprike after disputation and conference had at Westminster in which he defended the Roman religion in the first yeare of the said Elisabeth about the truth of Christs gospell and was committed to Matthew Parker bishop of Canturburie who vsed him verie honourablie both for the line 50 grauitie learning and age of the said Tunstall But he not long remaining vnder the ward of the said bishop did shortlie after the eightéenth of Nouember in the yeare 1559 depart this life at Lambeth where he first receiued his consecration being a man of such age as that he atteined to the number of fourescore fiue years when he died He was buried in the queere of the church of Lambeth whose funerall sermon was doone by Alexander Nowell then now in the yeare 1586 deane of Poules Who taking this line 60 theame to intreat vpon Blessed are they which die in the Lord did there deliuer such liberall singular commendation of this man for his vertuous life lerning grauitie and good seruice doone to manie princes of England that more could not be said of anie man being spoken trulie Such force hath vertue that we ought to commend it euen in our enimies ouer whose dead carcase in the said church of Lambeth is laid a faire marble in which is ingrauen this epitaph of his deuised by doctor Walter Haddon Anglia Cutbertum Tunstallum â—â—oesta requirit Cuius summa domi laus erat â—tque foris Rhetor arithmeticus iuris consultus aequi Legatúsque fuit denique praesul erat Annorum satur magnorum plenus honorum Vertitur in cineres aureus iste senex This man was as it should appeare in stories full of contumarie and selfe will vntractable he was and of nature rebellious For saith maister Fox in the reigne of king Edward being cast into the tower for his disobedience where he kept his Christmasse thrée yeares togither more worthie of some other place without the tower if it had pleased God otherwise not to haue meant a further plague to this realme by that man Howbeit he was indued with such excellencie of lerning and that of sundrie sutes that of the learned he is noted for a mirror of that age wherein he liued and albeit a papist yet not depriuable of the praise which it pleased God to prouide for him being an enimie vnto the truth perhaps through feare as manie more by those rare and manifold good means wherewith he was adorned Insomuch that Leland a man of a cleare iudgement and great insight to discerne betwéene substantiallie and superficiallie learned comparing this bishop Tunstall with profound Budeus saith as foloweth Qua te nostra canet Tunstalle Britannia laude
seruicio acquisierat line 30 secessit Rex hunc tam proditoriè à se deficienteÌ„ per Williel Talbot militem prehendi ad se reduci fecit eúmque in publica custodia seruatum donec siue poenae siue conscientiae taedio pertaesus vitae fuit expirauit detinuit whose maner of death is in this sort set downe by Matth. Paris pag. 305 that he was committed to prison Vbi post dies paucos rege praefato which was king Iohn iubente capa indutus plumbea tà m victualium penuria quà m ipsius capae ponderositate coÌ„pressus migrauit ad dominum Much about which time as I suppose which was the yeare of line 40 Christ one thousand two hundred and nine being about the eleuenth yéere of K. Iohn the checker was by the king remooued from London to Northampton in hatred of the Londoners vntill Christmas Iohn Ruthall Custos officij thesaurarij as is proued out of the records of the excheker had that office in the third yeare of Henrie the third in the yéere 1219. Eustachius de Fauconbridge a iustice to receiue fines chancellor of the excheker treasuror to Henrie the third was by the bishop of Rochester consecrated line 50 bishop of London in the yere of our redemption one thousand two hundred twentie one being the fift yeare of king Henrie the third Which Eustachius in the yéere 1222 with the deane chapter of London had great sutes against William abbat of Westminster he was treasuror in the third yeare of king Henrie the third being about the yeare of Christ one thousand two hundred and ninetéene he died the daie before the kalends of Nouember in the line 60 yeare of Christ 1228 being the thirtéenth of king Henrie the third and is buried on the south side of the quéere of Paules besides Henrie Wengham vnder a faire monument of marble ouer whom on the wall is this inscription Hîc iacet Eustachius de Fauconbridge quondam episcopus huius ecclesiae qui multa bonae contulit ministris ecclesiae sancti Pauli Ioannes de Fontibus or Iohn de Fontnes was bishop of Elie and treasuror in the ninth and eleuenth yéere of king Henrie the third and before as I take it This man being abbat of Fontnes and as authors saie Vir simplex iustus ac recedens à malo was at Westminster made bishop of Elie in the yeare of Christ 1220 he died after that he had bin bishop fiue yéeres od moneths in the yeare of Christ 1225 being the ninth yéere of Henrie the third was buried in the church of Elie toward the altar of S. Andrew Walter Malclerke or skillesse clerke treasuror of England was made bishop of Carleill in the yéere of our Lord 1223 being about the seuenth yeare of Henrie the third who in the yeare of Christ 1233 being the seuentéenth of the said king was by the counsell of Peter de Laroches bishop of Winchester not onlie remooued from his office of treasurorship but also put to the fine of 100 marks which he paied with the losse of certeine holds giuen him by charter during his life After which he would haue fled beyond the seas but entring the ship at Douer he all his were staied and euillie intreted by the kings seruants This man in the yeare of Christ 1246 being the thirtith yeare of Henrie the third did on the daie of Peter and Paule at Oxenford enter into the habit of the frier preachers After which in the yeare of Christ 1248 being about the two thirtith of Henrie the third he surrendred his soule to God Ranulph Briton by some is made treasuror of England but vntrulie as I suppose for in truth he was but treasuror of the chamber for anie thing I can learne and remooued from that place in the sixtéenth yeare of king Henrie the third in the yeare of Grace 1232 in whose place came Peter de Riuall Of this Ranulph is mention had in the chancellors Besides which about this time I read that Hubert of Borrow was treasuror for thus writeth Iohannes Londoniensis Rex about the yeare of our Lord 1232 fecit ipsum which was Hubert of Borrow suum iusticiarium principalem totius Angliae postea thesaurarium Peter de Oriall in Latine called Petrus de Riuallis was treasuror of the chamber and treasuror of the king chamberleine of England and Ireland gardian of all the forrests of Edgland of all the escheats of all the ports of the sea and of all the prises of England and Ireland being so déere to the king as hath Matthew Westminster that Expulsis castroâ—uÌ„ custodibus per totam ferè Angliam rex omnia sub ipsius Petri custodia commendarat This man was made treasuror after Walter Malclerke in the yéere of Christ one thousand two hundred thirtie and thrée being about the seuenteenth yeare of king Henrie the third and in the eighteenth yeare of king Henrie the third who as I gather was togither with Peter bishop of Winchester Stephan de Segraue Robert Passlew called to accounts in the yeare of Christ one thousand two hundred thirtie foure for the kings treasure and seale euillie imploied kept Whervpon Peter de Riuallis hid himselfe in the cathedrall church of Winchester Which Peter bishop of Winchester Peter de Riuallis the king remooued by the persuasion of Edmund of Abindon bishop of Canturburie as they before had remooued Walter Malclerke After which it séemeth that growing into fauor againe this Petrus de Riuallis was in the yeare of Christ one thousand two hundred fiftie seuen being the one fortith yeare of king Henrie the third made treasuror of the chamber For thus writeth Matthew Paris Circa festum sancti Michaelis which was in the yeare of Christ one thousand two hundred fiftie and seuen mortuo Hurtaldo domini regis conciliarto clerico speciali ac thesaurario de camera regis subrogatur Petrus de Riuallis Under this Peter de Riuallis did Robert Passelew kéepe the kings treasure Touching which Robert Passelew whome some will haue onelie treasuror of the chamber some to be treasuror of England some to be vndertreasuror vnder Peter de Riuallis I will set downe out of seuerall authors what I haue read therof leauing to the reader to thinke thereof what he list at this time sith I determine fullie hereafter not hauing now leisure therefore to define the same in my large volume of the liues of the lord treasurors Thus therefore touching him writeth Matthew Parker Quo etiam tempore which was in the yeare of Christ one thousand two hundred fortie and foure being about the eightéenth yeare of the reigne of Henrie the third Robertus de Passelew qui in thesauris regijs custodiendis augendis totus versatus est eóque nomine regi charus ab ecclesiae cathedralis Cicestrensis canonicis qui regi placere studuerant Cicestrensis line 10 episcopus
the second others saie in the fourth yeare but the best authors agrée that he gaue ouer the seale in the yeare of Christ 1162 being the eight yeare of the victorious prince the said Henrie the second against the will of the prince he died in the yeare of our redemption 1170 as these verses doo prooue being such as the curiositie of that superstitious age would permit Pro Christo sponsa Christi sub tempore Christi In templo Christi verus amator obit Anno mileno centeno septuageno Anglorum primas corruit ense Thomas Quis moritur praesul cur pro grege qualiter ense Quando natali quis locus ara Dei Rafe Warneuile archdeacon of Rone and treasuror of the church of Yorke was made chancellor about the yeare that the word became flesh 1173 being about the eightéenth yeare of king Henrie the second of this man speaketh Matthew Paris and Matthew Westminster Walterus de Constantijs archdeacon of Oxford after bishop of Lincolne in the yeere of our redemption 1182 from whense he was aduanced in the yeare 1184 being the one and thirtith yéere of king Henrie the second vnto the archbishoprike of Rone of this man is more spoken in my discourse of the protectors of England pag. 1069. Geffreie the bastard sonne to king Henrie the second after that he had surrendered the bishoprike of Lincolne whereof he was neuer consecrat bishop but kept the place and receiued the reuenues was made chancellor much about the six and twentith yeare of king Henrie the second being the yeare of Christ 1180 yet be there some that saie he resigned the bishoprike in the seuen and twentith yeare of king Henrie the second in the yeare of Christ 1181. The difference whereof groweth as I suppose for that some accompt the beginning of the yeare of our Lord from the first of Ianuarie as all other nations of Europe doo some from the birth of Christ as we in England did long time since the conquest and some from the fiue and twentith of March on which it is supposed that the world began first to be created which last accompt we in England and the Scots as hath Lesleus doo kéepe togither with them of Genoa or Gene in Italie contrarie to the order of all other nations The begining of which maner of accompt amongst vs I cannot as yet certeinlie learne but I suppose it began much about the time of king Edward the third for all the former historiographers begin the yeare from the birth of Christ. William Longchampe the proud bishop of Elie legat of England for the bishop of Rome chiefe iustice of the south and west parts of England and deputie of that part of the realme when Richard the first went to the warres of the holie land was made chancellor in the said first of king Richard being the yeare of our redemption 1189 of the sumptuous feast of whose inthronization thus writeth Ferthulphus or Ferculphus by the waie of comparison Praeuisis alijs Eliensia festa videre Est quasi praeuisa nocte videre diem He died in the yéere of Christ 1197 going to Rome in the abbeie of Pimie being of the charterhouse order About which time in the sixt yeare of Richard the first there was a vicechancellor called Malus Catulus Eustachius deane of Salisburie was chancellor of England being elected bishop of Elie the third â—des of August in the yeare that the word became flesh 1196 being the ninth yeare of king Richard the first of whome thus writeth Matthew Parker in the life of Hubert archbishop of Canturburie contrarie to that which others affirme writing that Eusâ—achius succeeded William Lonchampe in the office line 10 of chancellor and in the bishoprike of Elie. The words of Matthew Parker in the life of Hubert be these Hubertus deposito magistratu ciuili ecclesiae curae totus vacabat consecrauÃtque postea Robertum de Salopesbi episcopum Banchorensem Eustachium qui in cancellarij munere ei successit Eliensem episcopum Westmonasterij debita accepta ab vtróque subiectionis professione Hubert Walter or Walter Hubert for such a transmutation of the name is vsed by authors being first bishop of Salisburie and then archbishop of line 20 Canturburie was made chancellor shortlie after the coronation of king Iohn which was in the yeare that the virgine brought foorth Christ 1199 at what time a certeine noble man said vnto him in scorne I haue often seene of a chancellor made a bishop but I neuer before saw an archbishop made a chancellor Simon or rather Hugh of which is more herafter archdeacon of Welles in the first yeare of king Iohn after as I suppose that Hubert had left the office line 30 being so disgraced abased as he thought was witnesse to a déed in which king Iohn granted to the citizens of Yorke a guildhall hanse and other liberties as I haue seene noted in the copie of the same charter for which cause I haue heere set it downe as an other man although in truth I am fullie resolued that this Simon and the Hugh following were all one person leauing it yet for euerie mans iudgement Hugh de Welles archdeacon of Welles witnesse line 40 to the déed in which king Iohn in the sixt yeare of his reigne confirmed to the monasterie of Westminster Gistslep or Islep in Oxfordshire in which house Edward the confessor was borne he was made bishop of Lincolne about the tenth yeare of king Iohns reigne in the yeare of our Lord 1209 and died in the yeare of our Lord 1235. Walter Braie chosen bishop of Chester in the yeare of our Lord 1210 was bishop of Worcester and after bishop of Yorke a man of extreame age line 50 was made chancellor in the seuenth yeare of king Iohn as one anonymall chronicle saith to hold that office during his life Others saie that he was made chancellor in the yeare of Christ 1209 being the tenth yeare of king Iohn after Hugh de Welles But I suppose he surrendred that patent to hold it during his life when he came to be bishop of Yorke Of this man is more spoken in my treatise of the protectors of England pag. 1069. Richard de Marischo whom Matthew Paris termeth Tholenarius as it were tolegatherer or treasuror if line 60 you list being archdeacon of Northumberland was chancellor in the fourth yeare of king Iohn as appeareth by a déed that I haue séene and further he was made chancellor in the 15 yeare of king Iohn in which office he coÌ„tinued to the 17 yeare of the said king and as some doo write during king Iohns life and died about the calends of Maie in the yeare of our redemption 1226 in the tenth yeare of the long reigne of king Henrie the third as some haue But the booke of Durham saith that he was made bishop of that sée by Gwado the legat and consecrated by
withdrawen from their naturall allegiance due to the quéenes maiestie and by these meanes to be readie in their hearts and minds and otherwise prouided to ioine their forces as well with such as their heads and superiors which sent them intended speedilie to procure to be sent into this relme line 30 as with other rebellious subiects by them to be thereto also excited of purpose to depriue hir maiestie of hir life crowne and dignitie in like maner as latelie hath béene notoriouslie attempted and put in execution by doctor Sanders an arrant and detestable traitor and whilest he liued one of the said Campions companions and by other English and Irish Iesuits and traitors in Ireland where they had first by their like secret meanes and persuasions intised a great multitude of people of that land first to line 40 change their profession of religion and to acknowledge the popes authoritie and to renounce the iust authoritie of hir maiestie so departing from their allegiance vpon the arriuall of forten forces they did enter into a manifest rebellion against the which almightie God the iust auenger of rebels by his goodnesse hath giuen hir maiestie through hir good ministers power to the vanquishing not onelie of those forren forces but also of a great number of the rebels there Yet it is maliciouslie falselie and traitorouslie line 50 by some of the secret fauourers of the said Campion and other the said condemned traitors whispered in corners that the offenses of these traitors were but for their secret attemptings as Iesuits by exhorting and teaching with shriuing massing and such like acts to mooue people to change their religion to yeeld their obedience to the pope as Christs vicar although the same be of themselues offenses verie heinous and séeds of sedition not allowable by the lawes of the realme whereas in verie line 60 truth neuerthelesse it did manifestlie appeere vpon their indictments and at their arreignements by sundrie confessions of some of their owne companions and by manie good proofes and witnesses produced and sworne before their faces that their facts whereof they were arreigned and condemned were such as were in truth hie tresons committed against hir maiesties roiall person and against the ancient lawes and statutes of this realme which manie hundred yeres past were in force against like traitors and not for facts of doctrine or religion nor yet for offenses against anie late or new statutes the same being manie conspiracies at sundrie times beyond the seas at Rome in Italie and other places and lastlie at Rheimes in France where there are nourished by the popes authoritie in seminaries multitudes of English Iesuits seminarie priests and fugitiues whereof their heads and gouernors vse continuallie in their sermons and in their bookes publikelie printed as traitors to declare their traitorous minds as far forth as they can to the depriuation of the queenes maiestie of hir life and crowne to which ends the said Campion and his said companions by procurement of their said heads came secretlie into this realme to mooue the subiects to renounce their naturall obedience according to a bull of the last pope Pius published to persuade all sorts with whom they durst secretlie deale that hir maiestie by the said popes excommunication was not the lawfull quéene of the realme nor that the subiects were bound to obeie anie of hir lawes or ministers but that they were all frée and discharged of their obedience and allegiance and that they might lawfullie yea that when time might serue they ought to take armes against hir maiestie as in the late rebellion in the north was manifestlie by like meanes put in execution and as now also latelie was notoriouslie attempted in Ireland by stirring vp the people in the popes name and vnder his stâ—ndard to an open generall rebellion And to haue brought these things to passe in this realme was the comming into this realme of the said Campion and his complices most manifestlie tried and prooued as if by Gods goodnes by their apprehensions after their secret wandrings and disguisings of themselues in a great part of the shires of the realme these traitors had not beene now staied and by iust punishmments ordered to be eâ—ecuted there would haue appéered such mischiefe as islamentable to be thought of to the danger of hir maiesties person and to the hazard and ruine of the whole realme by inuasion of the same with forren enimâ—es and by raising of inward warre within the realme the end and euent whereof as of warre ciuill can not be without great greefe mentioned or imagined And to the further reproofe and condemnation of the said Campion and other the traitours now condemned they being all seuerallie and earnestlie required at the place of their arreignement to declare what they thought of the said popes bull by which hir maiestie was in the popes intention depriued of the crowne and of doctors Sanders and of Bristowes traitorous writings in maintenance of the said bull and allowance of the rebellion in the north and of Sanders traitorous actions in Ireland and being likewise demanded what they did thinke if the present pope should publish the like bull none of them all but one onelie named Rushton could be persuaded by anie their answers to shew in anie part their mislikings either of the former bull or of doctor Sanders or Bristowes traitorous writings or actions or of the pope that now is if he should now publish the like bull against hir maiestie so as they did apparantlie shew their traitorous harts still fired to persist in their diuelish minds against their naturall allegiance whereof God giue all good subiects being true Englishmen borne grace to beware and in no sort to giue eare or succour to such pernicious traitors howsoeuer they shall be couered with hypocrisie false and fained holines of Rome This aduertisement read and heard the time by pitifull delaies began to passe awaie in somuch that the executioner was now to fall to his charge whervpon Campion was exhorted to praie with the people in English naie to doo so he was desired howbeit he would not but said his Pater noster in Latine and desired all those of the household of faith to saie one Credo for him Manie indirect answers he made as when he was mooued to aske the quéene forgiuenesse and when the preacher requested him to shew some signe of a penitent sinner then shortlie he replied You and I we are not of one religion After a few silent praiers to himselfe the cart was drawen awaie he committed to the mercie of God There he hanged till he was dead when being cut downe he was bowelled and quartered according as it was appointed by iustice Rafe Sherwin séemed a line 10 man of better iudgement more learned and more obedient he said the Lords praier in English beléeuing in God that made him in Christ his sonne that saued him and in the
denied with manie protestations that he neuer saw them affirming they were none of his but were foisted in as he termed it among his papers by the gentlemen that searched his house Notwithstanding being more earnestlie pressed to confesse the truth he said they had beene left he knew not how in his chamber by a man of his who not long before was departed out of the realme named Edward Rogers aliàs Nuttebie by whome they were written And to make this deuise to carie some colour of truth after his committing vnto the line 10 Tower he found the meanes to get thrée cards on the backeside of which cards he wrote to his brother George Throckemorton to this effect I haue béene examined by whome the two papers conteining the names of certeine noblemen and gentlemen and of hauens c were written I haue alleged them to haue beene written by Edward Nuttebie my man of whose handwriting you know them to be meaning by this deuise to haue had his brother confirme his falshood line 20 These cards were intercepted and thereby the suspicion before conceiued of his practises increased Wherevpon as vpon other iust cause and matter against him hauing béene sundrie times brought before some of the principall personages of hir maiesties most honourable priuie councell and by them with all industrie examined and persuaded in verie mild and charitable maner to confesse the truth promising to procure pardon for him in case he would bewraie the depth of his practises but no persuasion line 30 preuailing hir maiestie thought it agréeable with good policie and the safetie of hir roiall person and state to commit him ouer to the hands of some of hir learned councell and others hir faithfull seruants and ministers with commission to them to assaie by torture to draw from him the truth of the matters appearing so weightie as to concerne the inuading of the realme c. These men by vertue of that commission procéeded with him first as the councell had formerlie doone by waie of persuasion line 40 to induce him to confesse but finding that course not to preuaile they were constreined to commit him to such as are vsuallie appointed in the Tower to handle the racke by whome he was laied vpon the same and somewhat pinched although not much for at the end of thrée daies following he had recouered himselfe and was in as good plight as before the time of his racking which if it had then or anie other time beene ministred vnto him with that violence that he and his fauourers haue indeuoured line 50 slanderouslie to giue out the signes thereof would haue appeared vpon his lims for manie yeares At this first time of torture he would confesse nothing but continued in his former obstinacie and deniall of the truth The second time that he was put to the racke before he was strained vp to anie purpose he yeelded to confesse anie thing he knew in the matters obiected against him wherevpon he was loosed And then the commissioners proceeded with line 60 him according to such interrogatories as had béene deliuered vnto them which for the more breuitie shall here be omitted the intent of this declaration tending onelie to discouer vnto you the treasons and treacherous dealings of the said Francis Throckemorton as well before as since his imprisonment for your better knowledge of the man and manifestation of the due and iust procéedings held with him by hir maiesties commissioners appointed vnto that seruice And here you are to note that when he was first pressed to discouer by whome the plots of the hauens were set downe and to what purpose he began without anie further interrogation ministred by waie of an historicall narration to declare that at his being at Spain in the countrie of Liege certeine yeares past he entered into conference with one Iennie a notorious knowne traitor touching the altering of the state of the realme here and how the same might be attempted by forren inuasion and to the like effect had sundrie conferences with sir Francis Englefield in the low countries who dailie solicited the Spanish king in Spaine and his gouernors in the said countries to attempt the inuading of the realme continued a course of practising against hir maiestie the state by letters betweene sir Francis Englefield himselfe till within these two yeares last past and that he did from time to time acquaint sir Iohn Throckemorton his late father with his traitorous practises who as he said séeing no probabilitie of successe in them dissuaded him from anie further meddling with those practises He hath further confessed that he vsed his fathers aduise opinion in setting downe the names of the catholike noblemen gentlemen and did acquaint him with the description of the hauens for the landing of forces which he conceiued and put in writing onelie by view of the map not by particular sight or surueie of the said hauens Item he hath also confessed that vpon the intermission of writing of letters and the accustomed intelligences passed betwéene sir Francis Englefield and him he was made acquainted by his brother Thomas Throckemorton by letters and conference and by Thomas Morgan by letters two of the principall confederats and workers of these treasons residing in France with a resolute determination agréed on by the Scotish quéene and hir confederats in France and in other forren parts and also in England for the inuading of the realme That the duke of Guise should be the principall leader and executor of that inuasion That the pretention which should be publikelie notified should be to deliuer the Scotish quéene to libertie to procure euen by force from the quéenes maiestie a tolerance in religion for the pretended catholikes But the intention the bottome whereof should not at the first be made knowne to all men should be vpon the quéenes maiesties resistance to remooue hir maiestie from hir crowne and state That the duke of Guise had prepared the forces but there wanted two things monie and the assistance of a conuenient partie in England to ioine with the forren forces and a third thing how to set the Scotish queene at libertie without perill of hir person For the first thing wanting that is monie messengers were sent from forren parts both to Rome and Spaine their returne dailie expected to their liking And the Spanish ambassadour to incourage the English to ioine both in purse person did giue out that the king his maister would not onlie make some notable attempt against England but also would beare halfe the charge of the enterprise For the second thing that is the preparing of a sufficient partie in England to receiue and to ioine with the forren forces one especiall messenger was sent ouer into England in August last vnder a counterfeit name from the confederats in France to signifie the plat and preparation there and to solicit the same here That
hir maiestie and hir councell to be notorious practisers verie inward with the duke of Guise and contriuers of the treasons and deuises for the inuasion intended And for verie certeine knowledge thereof we néed not be beholding to Francis Throckemorton onelie although he hath said much of them but to others of better credit than himselfe That the duke of Guise did vndertake the enterprise to inuade the realme with a forren power to be defraied by the pope and king of Spaine a part of maister Throckemortons confession and he in truth the first discouerer thereof to hir maiestie if he will say that it was but inuention it will approue false For since he discouered the same there haue béene diuerse aduertisements thereof sent to hir maiestie from forren princes hir highnesse louing neighbors and alies as also by other good meanes and intelligences from hir ambassadors and seruants residing in other countries If he denie as he hath doone that he neuer had knowledge of anie such matter when he confessed the same it hath no likelihood of line 10 truth for Throckemorton was neuer knowne to be a prophet to foretell things Defuturo He resorted often to the Spanish ambassador at the least twise a wéeke when he was in London this often repaire could not be to conferre with the ambassador for the exchange of monie for his brother as he pretended at his arreignement there was some other cause When he was apprehended he had a casket couered with gréene veluet verie cunninglie conueied out of his chamber by a maidseruant line 20 of the house taken vp vnder a beds side in his chamber one of the gentlemen who were sent to apprehend him then being in the chamber vnknowing thereof which casket not long after his apprehension was by one Iohn Meredith a follower of Throckemorton conueied to the hands of the Spanish ambassador And why to him If the matters therein might well haue abidden the light why should not the casket haue béene kept still at home And if not there why not sent to some other place of line 30 safetie as well as to the Spanish ambassador It is to be conceiued that this casket was not conueied thither without the direction of Francis Throckemorton though caried by Meredith who did well know of what moment the matters were that were within the casket of what danger to Throckemorton if they had béene disclosed therefore meant to bestowe them in a safe place where they could not readilie be had as he thought and with a person not vnacquainted with the qualitie of them After the line 40 deliuerie of the casket Meredith fled for in truth he was priuie to the treasons and a fellow practiser in them To whome Francis Throckemorton being taken short at the time of his apprehension and forced to run vp a staire to deface a letter which he was then in writing to the Scotish quéene in cipher as he hath confessed being suddenlie apprehended and so forced to depart awaie presentlie out of his house deliuered priuilie into the hands of Meredith either the cipher by the which he was writing his letter line 50 to the Scotish quéene or a letter in cipher by him written vnto hir therefore he trusted Meredith as a man priuie to his dooings You are also to vnderstand that Throckemorton was in verie great feare of the discouering of this casket after his apprehension For remaining two or thrée daies prisoner in the house of one of the gentlemen that were sent to apprehend him before he was committed to the Tower he was permitted to talke with a solicitor of his law causes who brought him line 60 certeine bookes drawne or other like papers written which he made shew to peruse But that was not the matter why he sent for his solicitor for in perusing the bookes he conueied into them a little péece of paper vpon the which he had written with a cole I would faine know whether my casket be safe or to the like effect The solicitor departing from him and resorting to Throckemortons house not far distant from the place where he remained prisoner opening his papers did shake out this peece of paper which he tooke vp and deliuered to one of Francis Throckemortons men but the casket was alreadie conueid to the Spanish ambassador Wherby you wil perceiue what care he had of the casket how much it might import him to haue the writings or matters within the same concealed He being examined touching the casket and what was in the same he denied at the first that euer he had anie such casket but finding afterwards that the casket was discouered he confessed the casket and said there were certeine letters therein that came to his hands for the Scotish quéene from Thomas Morgan at Paris and other letters and papers but confessed not all as it is supposed That Charles Paget came ouer into the realme to euill purposes as Throckemorton dooth declare in his confession could not be inuented for euen at the same time that he mentioneth Paget came ouer in secret and suspicious maner staied not aboue fiftéene daies indeuored in a sort to find the disposition of William Shellie esquier how he might stand affected to giue assistance to the treasons although Paget discouered not directlie his traitorous intents to Shellie therefore all Throckemortons confessions were not forged or inuented But bicause the two papers produced at his arreignement conteining the description of the hauens for the commodious landing of forces doo most apparantlie condemne him and are a manifest argument of his priuitie to the whole treason you may not forget that he acknowledged one of the papers written in the secretarie hand to haue béene of his owne dooing but denied the other written in the Romane hand In the which vnder the title of Cheshire c is said Upon the landing of forren supplies Chester shall be taken But what in your opinions might be vnderstood by that sentence Chester shall be taken when you shall compare the paper in the secretarie hand with the other written in the Romane hand intituled The names of noblemen and gentlemen in euerie countie fit to be dealt withall in this matter which in truth were both one although the Romane were somewhat more inlarged the question is to be asked What matter The answer followeth necessarilie To assist the forren forces that shall come to inuade the realme for that there is an other title in that paper ouer the names of the hauens c Hauens in euerie coast fit for the landing of forces Now iudge you to what end these names of men and descriptions of hauens their entries capacities what winds bring vnto them from Spaine France and Flanders were written and set downe by Throckemorton the papers are both of his owne handwriting and the secretarie but a proiect or copie of the Romane Is it not likelie thinke you that he would acquaint the
be on that side a defense for his part and in so dooing he had the sunne at his backe and in the faces of his enimies When king Richard saw the earles companie was passed the marish he did command with all hast to set vpon them Then the trumpets sounded and the souldiers shouted and the kings archers couragiouslie let flie their arrowes The earles bowmen stood not still but paied them home againe The terrible shot once passed the armies ioined and came to hand-strokes where neither sword nor bill was spared At which incounter the lord Stanleie ioined with the earle The earle of Oxford in the meane season fearing least while his companie was fighting they should be compassed and circumuented with the multitude of the enimies gaue commandement in euerie ranke that no man should be line 10 so hardie as to go aboue ten foot from the standard Which commandment once knowne they knit themselues togither and ceassed a little from fighting The aduersaries suddenlie abashed at the matter and mistrusting some fraud and deceit began also to pause and left striking and not against the wils of manie which had rather had the king destroied than saued and therefore they fought verie faintlie or stood still The earle of Oxford bringing all his band togither on the one part set on his enimies freshlie againe line 20 The aduersaries perceiuing that placed their men slender and thin before but thicke and broad behind beginning againe hardilie the battell While the two fore-wards thus mortallie fought ech intending to vanquish and conuince the other king Richard was admonished by his explorators and espials that the earle of Richmond accompanied with a small number of men of armes was not far off And as he approched and marched toward him he perfectlie knew his personage by certeine demonstrations line 30 and tokens which he had learned and knowen of others that were able to giue him full information Now being inflamed with ire and vexed with outragious malice he put his spurres to his horsse and rode out of the side of the range of his battell leauing the vant-gard fighting and like a hungrie lion ran with speare in rest toward him The earle of Richmond perceiued well the king furiouslie comming toward him and bicause the whole hope of his line 40 wealth and purpose was to be determined by battell he gladlie proffered to incounter with him bodie to bodie and man to man King Richard set on so sharplie at the first brunt that he ouerthrew the earles standard and slue sir William Brandon his standard-bearer which was father to sir Charles Brandon by king Henrie the right created duke of Suffolke and matched hand to hand with sir Iohn Cheinie a man of great force and strength which would haue resisted him but the said Iohn was by him manfullie ouerthrowen And line 50 to he making open passage by dint of sword as he went forward the earle of Richmond withstood his violence and kept him at the swords point without aduantage longer than his companions either thought or iudged which being almost in despaire of victorie were suddenlie recomforted by sir William Stanleie which came to his succors with three thousand tall men At which verie instant king Richards men were driuen backe and fled he himselfe manfullie line 60 fighting in the middle of his enimies was slaine and as he worthilie had deserued came to a bloudie death as he had lead a bloudie life In the meane season the earle of Oxford with the aid of the lord Stanleie after no long fight discomfited the fore 〈◊〉 of king Richard whereof a great number were slaine in the chase and fight but the greatest number which compelled by feare of the king and not of their meére voluntarie motion came to the field gaue neuer a stroke and hauing no harme nor damage safelie departed which came not thither in hope to sée the king prosper and preuaile but to heare that he should be shamefullie confounded and brought to ruine In this battell died few aboue the number of a thousand persons and of the nobilitie were slaine Iohn duke of Norffolke which was warned by diuerse to refraine from the field in so much that the night before he should set forward toward the king one wrote this rime vpon his gate Iacke of Norffolke be not too bold For Dikon thy maister is bought and sold. Yet all this notwithstanding he regarded more his oth his honor and promise made to king Richard like a gentleman and as a faithfull subiect to his prince absented not himselfe from his maister but as he faithfullie liued vnder him so he manfullie died with him to his great fame and laud. And therfore though his seruice was ill imploied in aid of a tyrant whome it had béene more honorable to haue suppressed than supported yet bicause he had vpon his fealtie vndertaken to fight in his quarell he thought it lesse losse of life and liuing than of glorie honour so that he might haue said in respect of his loialtie promised truth testified with constancie to the death Est mihi supplicium causa fuisse pium There were slaine beside him Walter lord Ferrers of Chartleie sir Richard Radcliffe and Robert Brakenberie lieutenant of the Tower and not manie gentlemen more Sir William Catesbie learned in the lawes of the realme and one of the chéefe councellors to the late king with diuerse other were two daies after beheaded at Leicester Amongst them that ran awaie were sir Francis vicount Lonell and Humfreie Stafford and Thomas Stafford his brother which tooke sanctuarie in saint Iohns at Glocester Of captiues and prisoners there were a great number For after the death of king Richard was knowne and published euerie man in manner vnarming himselfe casting awaie his abiliments of warre meekelie submitted themselues to the obeisance and rule of the earle of Richmond of the which the more part had gladlie so doone in the beginning if they might haue conuenientlie escaped from king Richards espials which hauing as cléere eies as Lynx and open eares as Midas ranged searched in euerie quarter Amongst these was Henrie the fourth earle of Northumberland which whether it was by the commandement of king Richard putting diffidence in him or he did it for the loue and fauour that he bare vnto the earle stood still with a great companie and intermitted not in the battell which was incontinentlie receiued into fauour and made of the councell But Thomas Howard earle of Surreie which submitted himselfe there was not taken to grace bicause his father was chiefe councellor and he greatlie familiar with king Richard but committed to the Tower of London where he long remained and in conclusion deliuered was for his truth and fidelitie after promoted to high honors offices and dignities On the earle of Richmonds part were slaine scarse one hundred persons among whome the principall was sir William Brandon
his standard-bearer This battell was fought at Bosworth in Leicestershire the two and twentith daie of August in the yeare of our redemption 1485. The whole conflict indured litle aboue two houres King Richard as the fame went might haue escaped and gotten safegard by fléeing For when they which were next about his person saw and perceiued at the first ioining of the battell the souldiers faintlie and nothing couragiouslie to set on their enimies and not onlie that but also that some withdrew themselues priuilie out of the prease and departed they began to suspect fraud and to smell treason and not onelie exhorted but determinatlie aduised him to saue himselfe by flight And when the losse of the battell was imminent and apparant they brought to him a swift and a light horsse to conueie him awaie He which was not ignorant of the grudge and ill will that the common people bare toward him casting awaie all hope of fortunate successe and happie chance to come answered as men saie that on that daie he would make an end of all battels or else there finish his life Such a great audacitie and such a stomach reigned in his bodie For suerlie he knew that to be the daie in the which it should be decided and determined whether he line 10 should peaceablie obteine and inioy his kingdome during his life or else vtterlie forgo and be depriued of the same With which too much hardines he being ouercome hastilie closed his helmet and entered fiercelie into the hard battell to the intent to obteine that daie a quiet reigne and regiment or else to finish there his vnquiet life and vnfortunat gouernance And so this miser at the same verie point had like chance and fortune as happeneth to such which in place of right iustice and honestie following their line 20 sensuall appetite loue and vse to imbrace mischiefe tyrannie and vnthriftinesse Suerlie these be examples of more vehemencie than mans toong can expresse to feare and astonish such euill persons as will not liue one houre vacant from dooing and exercising crueltie mischiefe or outragious liuing When the earle had thus obteined victorie and slaine his mortall enimie he knéeled downe and rendred to almightie God his hartie thanks with deuout and godlie orisons beséeching his goodnesse to line 30 send him grace to aduance and defend the catholike faith and to mainteine iustice and concord amongst his subiects and people by God now to his gouernance committed assigned Which praier finished he replenished with incomparable gladnesse ascended vp to the top of a little mounteine where he not onelie praised and lauded his valiant souldiers but also gaue vnto them his hartie thanks with promise of condigne recompense for their fidelitie and valiant facts willing and commanding all the hurt and line 40 wounded persons to be cured and the dead carcasses to be deliuered to the sepulture Then the people reioised and clapped their hands crieng vp to heauen King Henrie king Henrie When the lord Stanleie saw the good will and gladnesse of the people he tooke the crowne of king Richard which was found amongst the spoile in the field and set it on the earles head as though he had béene elected king by the voice of the people as in ancient times past in diuerse realmes it hath beene accustomed line 50 and this was the first signe and token of his good lucke and felicitie ¶ I must put you here in remembrance how that king Richard putting some diffidence in the lord Stanleie had with him as an hostage the lord Strange his eldest sonne which lord Stanleie as ye haue heard before ioined not at the first with his sonne in lawes armie for feare the king would haue slaine the lord Strange his heire When king Richard was come to Bosworth he sent a purseuant to the lord Stanleie commanding line 60 him to aduance forward with his companie and to come to his presence which thing if he refused to doo he sware by Christes passion that he would strike off his sonnes head before he dined The lord Stanleie answered the purseuant that if the king did so he had more sonnes aliue and as to come to him he was not then so determined When king Richard heard this answer he commanded the lord Strange incontinent to be beheaded which was at that verie same season when both the armies had sight ech of other But the councellors of king Richard pondered the time and cause knowing also the lord Strange to be innocent of his fathers offense persuaded the king that it was now time to fight no time to execute Besides that they aduised him to kéepe the lord Strange as prisoner till the battell were ended and then at leisure his pleasure might be accomplished So as God would king Richard brake his holie oth and the lord was deliuered to the keepers of the kings tents to be kept as prisoner Which when the field was doone and their maister slaine and proclamation made to know where the child was they submitted themselues as prisoners to the lord Strange and he gentlie receiued them and brought them to the new proclamed king where of him and of his father he was receiued with great ioy After this the whole campe remooued with bag and baggage The same night in the euening king Henrie with great pompe came to the towne of Leicester where as well for the refreshing of his people souldiers as for preparing all things necessarie for his iournie toward London he rested and reposed himselfe two daies In the meane season the dead corps of king Richard was as shamefullie caried to the towne of Leicester as he gorgeouslie the day before with pompe and pride departed out of the same towne For his bodie was naked and despoiled to the skin and nothing left about him not so much as a clout to couer his priuie members and was trussed behind a purseuant of arms one Blanch Senglier or White bore like a hog or calfe his head and armes hanging on the one side of the horsse and his legs on the other side and all besprinkled with mire and bloud he was brought to the graie friers church within the towne and there laie like a miserable spectacle But suerlie considering his mischiefous acts and vngratious dooings men maie woonder at such a caitife who although he deserued no buriall place either in church or churchyard chappell or chancell but otherwise to haue bin bestowed yet in the said church he was with no lesse funerall pompe solemnitie interred than he would to be doone at the buriall of his innocent nephues whome he caused cruellie to be murthered and vnnaturallie killed Now when his death was knowne few lamented and manie reioiced The proud bragging white bore which was his badge was violentlie rased plucked downe from euerie signe and place where it might be espied so ill was his life that men wished the memorie of him to
valentibus occurrit ipsis dominus cum suis copijs obuià m porrigendóque ipsis dextram traxit eos per manus in campum Maâ—tium iuxta votum suum Thus much Whethamsted of Edmund Greie lord Ruthine who was made earle of Kent in the fift yeare of king Edward the fourth being the yeare of our redemption 1464. This Edmund Greie being lord Hastings Weisford and Ruthine before he had the honour of this earledome did by his déed of indenture dated the 18 of Nouember in the fiue and twentith yeare of king Henrie the sixt falling in the yeare of our redemption 1446 giue to Iohn Pinchbecke prior of Duffield in Northamptonshire in almesse during the life of the said prior his field called Challocke belonging to the manour of Challocke to kéepe the obits of sir Iohn Greie father to the said sir Edmund and of dame Custance the widow of the earle marshall and daughter of Iohn Holland duke of Excester and erle of Huntington mother to the said sir Edmund with masse c and such other collects as the said Edmund should deliuer vnto the said prior Out of this house of the Greies haue issued manie noble houses and those of great antiquitie whereof at this daie there yet remaineth two honourable houses the one being Henrie Greie earle of Kent now liuing a man of singular estimation in the countrie of Bedford where he now liueth as well for the nobilitie of his race being descended of this Edmund Greie lord treasuror of England for the good gouernment and carriage of himselfe and for the orderlie and wise managing of the affaires of that countrie deseruing no lesse honourable place in the common-wealth than the honour of his race and woorthinesse of his behauiour doo well merit The other house at this daie in honour is the lord Greie of Wilton knight of the garter and somtime deputie of Ireland a man of no lesse merit for his seruice abrode in the feats of armes than is the other Greie for his seruice at home in the affairs of peace But I will not saie all that I thinke and know of them both least some more maliciouslie than trulie line 10 blemish me with the note of flatterie For I protest I am so farre estranged from that as I being not at all knowne to the one and but slenderlie to the other and neuer benefited by anie of them both there is no cause why I should vse anie flatterie and yet such force hath vertue as it will shine euen in despite of malice But againe to the matter There haue out of this house of the Greies besides manie noble houses issued one duke of Suffolke two marquesses of Dorset and fiue earles of Kent line 20 Againe I thinke it not impertinent for the continuance of antiquities and of deserts of honour to mention how manie seuerall houses there haue bin of the nobilitie of these Greis and in what time they liued First there was Reignold Greie lord Greie of Codnor in the time of king Stephan the second was Reignold lord Greie of Rotherfield in the time of Richard the second the third Iohn Greie earle of Tankeruile in Normandie in the time of Henrie the fift the fourth this Edmund Greie lord Ruthine line 30 earle of Kent and treasuror of England in the time of king Edward the fourth the fift house Thomas Greie marquesse Dorset in the time of king Edward the fourth the sixt Edward Greie lord Lisle in the time of king Edward the fourth the seuenth Edward Greie lord Powes in the time of king Edward the fourth the eight Henrie Greie duke of Suffolffe in the time of Edward the sixt So that there were at one time in one kings daies which was the time of Edward the fourth six noble men liuing line 40 of the name of Greies which were the marquesse Dorset the earle of Kent the lord Lisle the lord Powes the lord Greie of Wilton and the lord Greie of Rotherfield Wherefore to draw to an end of this lord treasuror who hath occasioned me to be more liberall in treating of him and the Greies than of any lord treasuror or noble name besides for manie priuat reasons which I reserue to my selfe I will yet speake more liberallie of him and the Greies in my large line 50 booke of the liues of the lord treasurors of England and knit vp this Edmund Greie lord treasuror with the marieng of his wife Katharine the daughter of Henrie Persie earle of Northumberland by whome he had issue George Greie earle of Kent Elisabeth maried to Robert baron of Greiestocke and Anne maried to Iohn lord Greie of Wilton Sir Walter Blunt knight who was the first lord Montioie possessed the place of the lord treasurorship of England in the fift yeare of king Edward line 60 the fourth which fell in the yeare that the word of the father tooke flesh in the wombe of the virgine 1465. Of this man is mention made in the booke of the law called Long Quinto of Edward the fourth He maried the daughter of one Dirham and had issue William Iohn and Iames. Sir Richard Wooduile knight chamberleine to the king and constable of England was made baron on the ninth of Maie in the second yeare of king Henrie the sixt being the yeare of Christ 1424 and was after created earle Riuers in the fift yeare of king Edward the fourth being the yeare of our redemption 1465 who thus aduanced was after lord treasuror in the sixt seuenth eight of Edward the fourth In which eight yeare of Edward the fourth Thomas Cooke late maior of London was accused of treason and arreigned for the same Who after that he had béene manie times purged thereof was yet at last found giltie and by this lord Riuers then lord treasuror so handled as that he could not be deliuered vntill he had paied eight thousand pounds to the king and eight hundred to the quéene This lord treasuror maried Iaquet the widow of Iohn duke of Bedford daughter to Peter of Lucenburgh earle of S. Paule by whom he had issue Richard earle Riuers Antonie lord Scales in the right of his wife Edward Wooduile knight slaine at the battell of S. Albine in Britaine in the third yeare of Henrie the seuenth Lionell bishop of Salisburie Margaret maried to Thomas erle of Arundell Margaret maried to William Herbert erle of Huntington Anne first maried to William Burcher erle of Essex and after to George Greie erle of Kent Iaquet maried to Iohn lord Strange Elisabeth maried to sir Iohn Greie yoonger sonne to the lord Greie of Ruthine and after the death of the said sir Iohn Greie to king Edward the fourth and Katharine maried to Henrie duke of Buckingham Besides all which I haue read of one Iohn which was sonne to this earle Riuers which Iohn maried the old duchesse of Norffolke was beheaded with his father the truth wherof I leaue to further triall This Richard erle
Riuers the lord treasuror in the ninth yeare of king Edward the fourth being the yeare of our redemption 1469 was by Robert Hiltard who named himselfe Robert of Ridesdale taken in the forrest of Dene as some haue others saie at Grafton and from thence brought to Northampton where he was beheaded Iohn Longstrother prior of saint Iohns Ierusalem in England possessed the place of the lord treasuror of the realme in the ninth yeare of king Edward the fourth being the yeare of our redemption one thousand foure hundred and nine for in the same yeare he gaue place to the bishop of Elie. William Greie bishop of Elie was after the translation of Thomas Burcher from Elie to Canturburie aduanced to that see by Nicholas the fift then bishop of Rome who gaue it to the said William being then procurator for king Henrie the sixt at Rome in the yeare of our redemption one thousand foure hundred fiftie and foure This man was lord treasuror in the ninth yeare of king Edward the fourth being the yeare in which God became man one thousand foure hundred three score and nine in which office he continued as I gather vntill the eleuenth of king Edward the fourth or thereabouts This Greie was borne of the noble house of the lord Greies of Codnor as saith Bale and trauelled into Italie to atteine great learning where he heard the noble clerke Guarinus Veronensis read in Ferraria He continued bishop of Elie foure and twentie yéeres eleuen moneths and two daies departing this life at Dunham the fourth of August in the yere that the word of the father tooke flesh in the wombe of the virgine one thousand foure hundred seuentie and eight as I haue red and was buried at Elie betwéene two marble pillers hauing bestowed great summes of monie vpon the reparation of that famous belfrie of the church of Elie and vpon other ornaments of the same churth Henrie Bourcher erle of Essex did the third time possesse the honorable place of the lord treasurâ—â— of England in the eleuenth yeare of the reigne of king Edward the fourth in which office he continued as I gather about twelue yeares being all the rest of the life of the said Edward the fourth who departed this world about the ninth daie of Aprill in the yeare from the conception of the Meschiah one thousand foure hundred foure score and thrée which Bourchier being made earle of Essex in the first yeare of king Edward the fourth in the yeare of Christ 1461 maried Elisabeth the daughter of Richard de Conisburgh earle of Cambridge the sister of Richard duke of Yorke by whome he had issue William lord Bourchier Thomas Iohn Henrie and Humfreiâ— knights Sir Richard Wood knight whome some call sir Iohn Wood being before vnder treasuror in the thrée line 10 and twentith yeare of king Edward the fourth was in the same yeare of the same king made knight about a moneth before the death of the said king Edward the fourth This man did possesse the place of the lord treasuror of England as I gather out of the record of Pellis exitus of that yeare in the second yeare of the reigne of the vnnaturall bloudie and vsurping tyrant king Richard the third being the yeare of our redemption 1484 which office I suppose that he kept vntill the said Richard the third was slaine line 20 by Henrie earle of Richmond afterwards king of England by the name of Henrie the 7. And here I thinke it not amisse before I go anie further although it be somewhat out of order sith it is best to obserue Decorum and vnorderlie to treat of vnorderlie officers vnder such an vnorderlie king as Richard the third was to make report of sir William Hopton knight whome some will haue to be treasuror in the first yeare of the reigne of the same king in the yeare of Christ 1483 attending on him to his coronation line 30 But trulie sauing the correction of better séene antiquaries than my selfe I can not as yet receiue him into the catalog of the lord treasurors of England but rather suppose that he was treasuror of the houshold Sir Reinold Braie knight the sonne of Richard Braie physician as some haue noted to king Henrie the sixt being seruant to Margaret countesse of Richmond mother to Henrie the seuenth was for the fidelitie to his ladie good seruice in furthering king Henrie the seuenth to the crowne receiued into line 40 great fauour with the said king and made lord treasuror of England as appeareth by the record of Pellis exitus made vnder his name in the first yeare of the reigne of Henrie the seuenth being the yeare of our redemption one thousand foure hundred eightie and fiue besides which office he had manie other offices and honours part whereof were that he was treasuror of the kings wars that he was one of the executors to K. Henrie the seuenth that he was line 50 made knight of the Bath at the coronation of the said king and created a banneret at Blacke heath field He died the eighteenth yeare of the Salomon of England king Henrie the seuenth being the yeare of our redemption one thousand fiue hundred three and was honorablie buried at Windsore Sir Iohn Dinham knight the sonne of sir Iohn Dinham knight a faithfull seruant to the house of Yorke aswell in aiding the duke of Yorke as in seruing king Edward the fourth sonne to the said duke of Yorke to whom the said Edward the fourth in the line 60 second yeare of his reigne had giuen one annuitie of fortie pounds by yeare did after the death of the said king Edward the fourth in the second yeare of king Henrie the seuenth possesse the place of the lord tresuror of England being the yeare of our redemption one thousand foure hundred foure score and six and so continued vntill in the sixtéenth yéere of king Henrie the seuenth and then gaue place to Thomas earle of Surreie of which lord Dinham thus writeth Leland Diminus Denham primus fuit fundator sancti Nicholai alià s Hortland He was created lord Dinham in the first yeare of king Edward the fourth shortlie after the coronation of the said king in the yeare of our redemption one thousand foure hundred thrée score and one he died in the sixteenth yeare of king Henrie the seuenth being the yeare of Christ one thousand fiue hundred and the thirtith of Ianuarie was brought to the Greie friers in London there buried he maried Elisabeth the daughter of the lord Fitzwater by whom he had issue George and Philip and sir Thomas Dinham his base sonne that maried one of the daughters and heires of sir Iohn Ormond which Thomas was buried at Ashrug three miles from Berkhamsted Besides which children this lord Dinham or Denham for so I find both written in chronicles had by his legitimat wife diuerse daughters which were Margaret maried to Nicholas baron of Carew Ioane