people will be alwayes like themselues stubburnly mainteining that which is false and foolish neither can I hope to remooue them from this accustomed and stale opinion I haue penned the treatise following And albeit Island is not destitute of many excellent men who both in age wit and learning are by many degrees my superiors and therefore more fit to take the defence of the countrey into their hands notwithstanding being earnestly perswaded thereunto by that godly famous man Gudbrandus Thorlacius Bishop of Hola in Island I thought good to the vtmost of mine ability to be no whit wanting vnto the common cause both that I might obey his most reasonable request and also that I might encourage other of my countreymen who haue bene better trained vp in good learning and indued with a greater measure of knowledge then I my selfe to the defence of this our nation so farre am I from hindering any man to vndertake the like enterprise But to returne to the matter because they whatsoeuer they be that reproch and maligne our nation make their boast that they vse the testimonies of writers we are seriously to consider what things and how true writers haue reported of Island to the end that if they haue giuen perhaps any occasion to others of inueying against vs their errours being layd open for I will not speake more sharpely all the world may see how iustly they do reproch vs. And albeit I nothing doubt to examine some ancient writers of this Iland by the rule of trueth and experience yet otherwise their memory is precious in our eyes their dignity reuerend their learning to be had in honour and their zeale and affection towards the whole common wealth of learned men highly to be commended but as for nouices if there be any such writers or rather pasquilles when they shall heare and know truer matters concerning Island then they themselues haue written they shall seeme by their inconstancie and peruerse wit to haue gained nought else but a blacke marke of enuy and reproch And that this commentarie of mine may haue some order it shall be diuided into two generall parts the first of the Iland the second of the inhabitants and of these two but so for-foorth as those writers which are come to our hands haue left recorded because I am not determined to wander out of these lifts or to handle more then these things and some other which perteine vnto them For I professe not my selfe an Historiographer or Geographer but onely a Disputer Wherefore omitting a longer Preface let vs come to the first part concerning the situation the name miracles and certaine other adiuncts of this Iland The first section The Isle of Island being seuered from other countreys an infinite distance standeth farre into the Ocean and is scarse knowen vnto Sailers ALbeit a discourse of those things which concerne the land and the adiunces or properties thereof be of little moment to defend the nation or inhabitants from the biting of slanderers yet seemeth it in no case to be omitted bâ—t to be intreated of in the first place that the friendly reader perceiuing how truely those writers of Island haue reported in this respect may thereby also easily iudge what credit is to be giuen vnto them in other matters which they haue left written concerning the inhabitants and which others haue receiued from them as oracles from whence as they say they haue borrowed scoffes and taunts against our nation First therefore that the distance of Island from other countreys is not infinite nor indeed so great as men commonly imagine it might easily be prâ—uided if one did but in some sort know the true longitude latitude of the said Iland For I am of opinion that it cannot exactly be knowen any other way then this whenas it is manifest how the Mariners course be it neuer so direct as they suppose doth at all times swerue In y e meane while therfore I will set downe diuers opinions of authors concerning y e situation of Island that from hence euery man mâ—y gather that of the distance which seâ—meth most probable vntil perhaps my selfe being one day taught by mine owne experience may if not intrude yet at least adioin what I shal thinke true as touching this matter Longit. Latitud deg min. deg min. Munster placeth Island almost in 20  68  Gerardus Mercator 325  68  Gemma Frisius placeth the midst of Island 7 0 65 30 Hersee 7 40 60 42 Thirtes 5 50 64 44 Nadar 6 40 57 10 Iacobus Ziegleâ—us     The West shore of Island 20 0 63 0 The promontorie of Chos 22 46 63 0 The East shore is extended Northward and hath bounds of extension in 30 0 68 0 The North shore is extended Westward and hath bounds of extension in 28 0 69 0 The description of y e West side     Longit. Latitud deg min. deg min. The promontorie of Heckelfell 25 0 67 0 The promontorie of Madher 21 20 65 10 The inland cities of Island     Holen the seat of a bishop 28 0 67 50 Schalholten the seat of a bishop 22  63 30 Reinholdus     By Holen in Island   68  Iohannes Miâ—itius     By Mid-Island   69 ½ Neander     Island stretcheth it selfe 3 degrees within the circle arctic from the equinoctial insomuch that y e said circle arctic doeth almost diuide it in the midst c.     There be others also who either in their maps or writings haue noted the situation of Island notwithstanding it is to no purpose to set downe any more of their opinions because the more you haueâ— the more contrary shall you finde them For my part albeit I haue probable coniectures perswading me not to beleeue any of the former opinions concerning the situation of Island but to dissent from them all yet had I rather leaue the matter in suspense then affirme an vncerteinty vâ—till as I haue sayd I may be able perhappes one day not to gesse at the matter but to bring forth mine owne obseruation and experience A câ—rteine writer hath put downe the distance betweene the mouth of Elbe Baâ—zende in the South part of Island to be 400 leagues from whence if you shall account the difference of longitude to the meridâ—an of Hamburg Island must â—aue none of the forenamed longitudes in that place I am able to prooue by three sundry voyages of certaine Hamburgers that it is but seuen dayes sailing from Island to Hamburg Besides all those Islands which by reason of the abuâ—dance of sheepe are called Fareyiar or more rightly Faâ—reyiar as likewise the desert shores of Norway are distant from vs but two dayes sailing We haue foure dayes sailing into habitable Gronland and almost in the same quantitie of time we passe ouer to the prouince
all other will receiue no colour notwithstanding there is some such thing reported by Theophrastus namely that there is a riuer in Macedonia which maketh blacke sheepe white Also that Norway pamphlet called the Roiall looking-glasse which I mentioned before doth attribute these fountains to Ireland which is also called Hybernia and not to Island Which peraduenture deceiued the Reader reading in a strange language S in stead of R. That likewise deserueth no better credite which another Author writeth That there is a certaine great stone in Island which runneth vp and downe the crags and clifs of mountaines by no outward force but by the owne proper and naturall motion Hee that will beleeue this what will he not beleeue For it is such a rare deuise that the Epicures themselues who yet seemed to Lucian to haue fained many incredible things I am sure neuer inuented the like vnlesse perhaps the sayd Author doeth imagine that a man who is called of the Islanders by the proper name of Stein should compasse about and clime vp certaine rockes which although it be ridiculous to put into a story of wonders namely that a man should mooue or walke yet is it so to bee supposed to saue the credite of the Author that we may not more seuerely condemne that fable which is so sencelesse of it selfe and not woorthy to be read They are guiltie of the same crime also who haue found out rauens pies hares and vultures all white in Island for it is wel knowen that vultures come very seldome together with the Ise of the sea vnto vs as heares also but they seldomer then vultures and a certaine kind of crowes called by the Islanders Isakrakur But as for white pies hares and rauens Island neuer had any And these in a maner be the things which in regard of our daily busines we were able at this present to affoord as touching the former part of our treatise which were penned by me for this purpose as in the beginning I did protest that the errors of Authors concerning an vnknowen land and the affected vanitie also of some men might be disclosed for I am not desirous to diminish any mans good name but because I consecrated these my labours to trueth and to my countrey I could not chuse but shew that those things which hitherto haue bene reported by many concerning our Iland deserue very litle credite and so to addresse my selfe vnto the matters folowing concerning the Inhabitants Here endeth the first part of the Commentarie Of Island the second part concerning the Inhabitants HAuing hitherto finished the miracles of Island with certaine other particulars belonging to the first part the which while writers doe wonder at and diuersly extoll as it were the fountains of Agamemnon yea as things besides and against all nature they haue bene very carelesse both of trueth it selfe of their owne credite Now the course of the present speach doeth admonish mee to make haste vnto the other part of the treatise concerning the Inhabitants wherein what I should first say or where I should begin I am altogether ignorant For there be such monstrous and so many mocks reproches skoffes and taunts of certaine men against vs poore Islanders dwelling in the vtmost parts of the world and amongst these also some things of theirs who take vpon them to professe most simple trueth namely Historiographers insomuch that to reckon vp the particulars were nothing els but to tell the drops of the Icarian sea But as I said in the beginning we will not deale alike seuerely with all For although Krantius Munsterus Frisius others haue written many things too boldly of our nation yet hauing otherwise deserued wel of learning by their monuments they shal be still in y e same reputation w t vs that they are worthy of Howbeit in the meane time although a man would free theÌ„ from the marke of slanderers yet is it no small matter that they should broch certaine sencelesse impossible ridiculous things such as those are which we haue hitherto laid downe as also that they should record in histories prophane and horrible vntrueths some of which kind shal now immediately be discussed As for others whatsoeuer they be who vpbraid the nation of Islanders with daily reproches they are to haue that answere in a readinesse which such men deserue In the number of whom that scoffer is to be accounted who by a company of rimes publisheâ— in the Germane tongue to the disgrace of our countrey hath brought his name into â—uerlasting ignominiâ— Wherefore as our present businesse requireth while we are in hand with the writings of Authors concerning this matter although we meet with some things containing litle reproch notwithstanding we will examine most of them noting the errors as hitherto wee haue done In the meane time also when they shall alleage any trueth we will in no case dissemble it And after this maner first we will heare Munster Krantzius and Frisius and others also if there be any more what they haue to say reiecting that Parot and his Dutch rimes infected with fell slander â—â—â—e is woorthy vnto the last place First therefore the sayd Authors write concerning the faith or religion of the Islanders and secondly of their Maners Customes and course of life in maner folowing The first Section Adalbert Metropolitane of Hamburg in the yeere of Christ 1070. saw the Islanders conuerted vnto Christianitie albeit before the receiuing of Christian faith they liued according to the lawe of nature and did not much differ from our lawe therefore at their humble request he appointed a certaine holy man named Islief to be their first Bishop KRantzius in these words and Munster other where doe seeme to attribute vnto the Islanders the prerogatiue of Christian faith and they should deale both beseeming themselues and the trueth if they did not in other places depriue vs of the same For to speake of Krantzius anone that which Munster before reported concerning our faith or opinion about the place and situation of hell is very farre from Christian pietie namely to be desirous to prie into those secrets which God hath kept close vnto himselfe alone and which his pleasure is should exceed our capacitie for there is not any thing found in the holy Scriptures of this matter where the place and situation of hell or of eternall fire prepared for the deuill and his angels and so for all damned soules is bounded or compassed about The holy Bible I say assigneth no locall or badily situation beneath the earth or vpon the earth or in any other place of this world to that prison of the damned but it affirmeth that this earth shall perish and that a new earth and new heauens shall be created for the habitation of iust and holy men Reuel 2.2 Pet. 3. and Esay 65. wherefore a Christian man willingly giueth ouer to search into such hidden secrets and he accounteth it vnlawful to
the men in the said shippe the one of them being the Masters mate Ten other persons were hurt by meanes of splinters which the Spaniards shotte yea in the ende when their prouision was almost spent they were constrained to shoote at them hammers and the chaines from their slaues and yet God bee thanked they receiued no more domage but by spoyling and ouerwearying of the Spaniards the Englishmen constrained them to vngrapple themselues and get them going and sure if there had bene any other fresh shippe or succour to haue relieued and assisted the Centurion they had slaine suncke or taken all those Gallies and their Souldiers The Dolphin lay a loofe off and durst not come neere while the other two small shippes fledde away so that one of the Gallies went from the Centurion and set vpon the Dolphin which shippe immediatly was set on fire with their owne powder whereby both men and shippe perished but whether it was with their good wills or no that was not knowen vnto the Centurion but sure if it had come forward and bene an aide vnto the Centurion it is to bee supposed that it had not perished Fiue houres and a halfe this fight continued in which time both were glad to depart onely to breath themselues but when the Spaniards were gone they neuer durst returne to fight yet the next day sixe other Gallies came and looked at them but durst not at any hand meddle with them Thus God deliuered them from the handes of their enemies and gaue them the victory for which they heartily praised him and not long after safely arriued in London ☞ There were present at this fight Master Iohn Hawes Marchant and sundry other of good accompt A report of the trueth of the fight about the Isles of Açores the last of August 1591. betwixt the Reuenge one of her Maiesties shippes and an Armada of the king of Spaine Penned by the honourable Sir Water Ralegh knight BEcause the rumours are diuersly spred as well in England as in the Lowe countreis and elsewhere of this late encounter betweene her Maiesties ships and the Armada of Spaine and that the Spaniards according to their vsuall maner fill the world with their vaine-glorious vaunts making great appâ—rance of victories when on the contrary themselues are most commonly and shamefully beaten and dishonoured thereby hoping to possesse the ignorant multitude by anticipating forerunning false reports It is agreeable with all good reason for manifestation of the truth to ouercome falshood and vntrueth that the beginning continuance and successe of this late honourable encounter of Sir Richard Greenuil and other her Maiesties Captaines with the Armada of Spaine should be truely set downe and published without partialitie or false imaginations And it is no marueâ—le that the Spaniard should seeke by false and slanderous pamphlets aduisoes and Letters to couer their owne losse and to derogate from others their due honors especially in this fight being performed far off seeing they were not ashamed in the yeere 1588. when they purposed the inuasion of this land to publish in sundry languages in print great victories in wordes which they pleaded to haue obteined against this Realme and spred the same in a most false sort ouer all parts of France Italy and elsewhere When shortly after it was happily manifested in very deed to al Nations how their Nauy which they termed inuincible consisting of 140. saile of shippes not onely of their owne kingdome but strengthened with the greatest Argosies Portugal Caracks Florentines and huge huâ—ks of other Countreis were by 30. of her Maiesties owne ships of war and a few of our owne Marchants by the wise valiant and aduantagious conduct of the L. Charles Howard high Admirall of England beaten and shuffled together euen from the Lizard in Cornwall first to Portland where they shamefully left Don Pedro de Valdes with his mighty ship from Portland to Cales where they lost Hugo de Moncado with the Gallias of which he was Captaine and from Cales driuen with squibs from their anchors where thased out of the sight of England round about Scotland and Ireland Where for the sympathie of their barbarous religion hoping to finde succour and assistance a great part of them were crusht against the rocks and those other that landed being very many in number were notwithstanding broken slaine and taken and so sent from village to village coupled in halters to be shipped into England Where her Maiestie of her Princely and inuincible disposition disdaining to put them to death and scorning either to retaine or entertaine them they were all sent backe againe to their countreys to witnes and recount the worthy achieuements of their inuincible and dreadfull Nauy Of which the number of Souldiers the fearefull burthen of their shippes the commanders names of euery squadron with all other their magasines of prouisions were put in print as an Army and Nauy vnresistable and disdaining preuention With all which so great and terrible an ostentation they did not in all their sailing round about England so much as sinke or take one shippe Barke Pinnesse or Cockbote of ours or euer burnt so much as one sheepecote of this land Whenas on the contrarie Sir Francis Drake with onely 800. souldiers not long before landed in their Indies and forced Sant-Iago Santo Domingo Cartagena and the forts of Florida And after that Sir Iohn Norris marched from Peniche in Portugall with a handfull of souldiers to the gates of Lisbone being aboue 40 English miles Where the Earle of Essex himselfe and other valiant Gentlemen braued the Citie of Lisbone encamped at the very gates from whence after many dayes abode finding neither promised partie nor prouision to batter they made retrait by land in despight of all their Garrisons both of horse foote In this sort I haue a little digressed from my first purpose onely by the necessarie comparison of theirs and our actions the one couetous of honour without vaunt of ostentation the other so greedy to purchase the opinion of their owne affaires and by false rumors to resist the blasts of their owne dishonours as they will not onely not blush to spread all manner of vntruthes but euen for the least aduantage be it but for the taking of one poore aduenturer of the English will celebrate the victory with bonefires in euery towne alwayes spending more in faggots then the purchase was worth they obtained When as we neuer thought it worth the consumption of two billets when we haue taken eight or ten of their Indian shippes at one time and twentie of the Brasill fleete Such is the difference betweene true valure and ostentation and betweene honorable actions and friuolous vaine glorious vaunts But now to returne to my purpose The L. Thomas Howard with sixe of her Maiesties shippes sixe victualers of London the Barke Ralegh two or three other Pinnases riding at anker neere vnto Flores one of the Westerly Ilands of the Azores the last
and they strooke frier Luys with an arrow on the gowne which by the grace of God did him no harme In the meane space I arriued with all thâ— rest of the horsemen and footemen and found in the fieldes a great sort of the Indians which beganne to shoote at vs with their arrowes and because I would obey your will and the commaund of the Marques I woulde not let my people charge them forbidding my company which intreated mee that they might sâ—t vpon them in any wise to prouoke them saying that that which the enemies did was nothing and that it was not meete to set vpon so fewe people On the other side the Indians perceiuing that wee stirred not tooke great stomacke and courage vnto them insomuch that they came hard to our horses heeles to shoote at vs with their arrowes Whereupon sâ—eing that it was now time to stay no longer and that the Friers also were of the same opinion I set vpon them without any danger for suddenly they fled part to the citie which was neere and well fortified and other into thâ— field which way they could shift and some of the Indians were slaine and more had beene if I would haue suffered them to haue bene pursued But considering that herâ—of wee might reape but small profite because the Indians that were without were fewe and those which were retired into the citie with them which stayed within at the first were many where the victuals were whereof wee had so great neede I assembled my people and deuided them as I thought best to assault the citie and I compassed it about and because the famine which wee sustained suffered no delay my selfe with certaine of these gentlemen and souldiers put our selues on foote and commaunded that the crossebowes and harquebusiers shoulde giue the assault and shoulde beatâ— the â—nemies from the walles that they might not hurt vs and I assaulted the walles on one side where they tolde me there was a sealing laddâ—r set vp and that there was one gate but the crossebowmen suddenly brake the strings of their bowes and the harquebusiâ—rs did nothing at all for they came thither so weake and feeble that scarcely they coulde stand on their feete and by this meanes the people that wâ—re aloft on the wals to defend the towne were no way hindered from doing vs all the mischiefe they could so that twise they stroke meâ— to the ground with infinite number of great stones which they cast downe and if I had not beene defended with an excellent good hearpiece which I ware I thinke it had gone hardly with mee neuerthelesse my companie tooke mee vp with two small wounds in the face and an arrowe sticking in my foote and many blowes with stones on my armes and legges and thus I went out of the battell very weake I thinke that if Don Garcias Lopez de Cardâ—nas the second time that they strooke mee to the ground had not succoured mee with striding ouâ—r mee like a good knight I had beene in farre greater dangâ—r thâ—n I was But it pleased God that the Indians yeelded thâ—mseâ—ues vnto vs and that this citie was taken and such store of Maiz was found therein as our necessitie requiâ—ed The Master of the fieldâ— and Don Pedro de Touar and Fernando de Aluarado and Pual de Melgosa Captaines of the footemen escaped with ceâ—taine knocks with stones though none of them were wounded with arrowes yet Agomez Quarez was wounded in onâ— arme with the shot of an arrowe and one Torres a townesman of Panuco was shot into the face with another and two footâ—men more had â—wo small woundes with arrowes And because my armour was gilded and glittering they all layd load on mee and therefore I was more wounded thâ—n thâ— rest not that I did more then they or put my selfe forwarder then the â—est for all theâ—â— Gentlemen and souldiers carried thâ—msâ—lues as manfully as was looked for at their hands I am nowe well recouered I thanke God although somewhat bruised with stones Likewise in the skirmish which wee had in the fieldes two of three other souldiers were hurt and three horâ—â—s slaine one of Don Lopez the other of Viliega and the third of Don Alonso Manrique and sâ—uâ—n or eight other horses were wounded but both with the men and horses are whole and sound Chap. 3. Of the situation and state of the seuen cities called the Kingdome of Cibola and of thâ— customes and qualities of those people and of the beasts which are found there IT remaineth now to câ—rtifiâ— your Honour of the sâ—uâ—n cities and of the kingdomes and prouinces whereof the Father prouinciall made report vnto your Lordship And to bee briefe I can assure your honour he sayd the trueth in â—othing that he reported but all was quite contrary sauing onely the names of the cities and great houses of stone for although they bee not wrought with Turqueses nor with lyme nor brickes yet are they very excellent good houses of three or foure or fiue lofts high wherein are good lodgings and fairâ— chambers with lathers in stâ—ad of staires and certaine cellers vnder the ground very good and paued which are made for winter they are in manâ—r like stooues and the lathers which they haue for their houses are â—ll in a maner mooueable and porâ—able which are taken away and set downe whâ—n thâ—y please and they are made of two piâ—câ—s of wood with their steppes as ours be The seuen cities are seuen small townes all made with these kinde of houses that I speake of and they stand all within foure leaguâ—s together and they are all called thâ— kingdome of Cibola and euâ—â—y one of them haue theiâ— particular name and none of them is callâ—d Cibola but altogether â—hâ—y arâ— called Cibola And this towne which I call a citie I haue named Granada as well because it is somâ—what likâ— vnto it as also in remembrance of your lordship In this towne whâ—re I nowe râ—maine there may bee some two hundred houses all compassed with walles and I thinke that with the râ—st of the houses which are not so walled they may be together fiue hundred There is another tâ—wne nâ—â—re this which is one of the sâ—uâ—n it is somwhat bigger thâ—n this and another of the same bignesse that this is of and the other foure are somâ—what lâ—sse and I send thâ—m all painted vnto your lordship with the voyage And the parchmâ—nt wherein the picture is was sound heâ—e with other parchments The people of this towne seemâ— vnto mâ— of a reasonable stature and writtiâ— yet they seeme not to bee such as they should bâ—e of that iudgement and wit to builde these houses in such sort as they are For the most part they goe all naked except their priuiâ— partes which are couered and they haue painted mantles like those which I send vnto your lordship They haue no cotton wooll growing because the countrey is
as prisoners to the citie of Mexico and there committed to prison in sundry darke dungeons where we could not see but by candlelight were neuer paâ—â— two together in one place so that we saw not one another neither could one of vs tell what was become of another Thus we remained close imprisoned for the space of a yeere and a halfe and others for some lesse time for they came to prison euer as they were apprehended During which time of our imprisonmeÌ„t at the first beginning we were often called before the Inquisitors alone and there seuerely examined of our faith and commanded to say the Pater noster the Aue Maria the Creed in Latin which God knoweth a great number of vs could not say otherwise then in the English tongue And hauing the said Robert Sweeting who was our friend at Tescuco alwayes present with theÌ„ for an interpreter he made report for vs y t in our own countrey speech we could say them perfectly although not word for word as they were in Latin Then did they proceede to demand of vs vpon our othes what we did beleeue of the Sacrament whether there did remaine any bread or wine after the words of consecration yea or no and whether we did not beleeue that the host of bread which the priest did hold vp ouer his head and the wine that was in the chalice was the very true and perfect body blood of our Sauiour Christ yea or no To which if we answered not yea then was there no way but death Then they would demand of vs what we did remember of our selues what opinions we had held or had bin taught to hold contrary to the same whiles we were in England to which we for the safety of our liues were constrained to say that we neuer did beleeue nor had bene taught otherwise then as before we had sayd Then would they charge vs that we did not tell them the truth that they knew the contrary and therfore we should cal our selues to remembrance make them a better answer at the next time or els we should be rackt and made to confesse the trueth whether we would or no. And so comming againe before them the next time we were still demanded of our beliefe whiles we were in England and how we had bin taught also what we thought or did know of such of our owne company as they did name vnto vs so that we could neuer be free from such demands and at other times they would promise vs that if we would tell them trueth then should we haue fauour be set at libertie although we very wel knew their faire speeches were but means to intrap vs to the hazard and losse of our liues howbeit God so mercifully wrought for vs by a secret meanes that we had that we kept vs still to our first answer would stil say that we had told the trueth vnto them and knew no more by our selues nor any other of our fellows then as we had declared and that for our sinnes and offences in England against God and our Lady or any of his blessed Saints we were heartily sory for the same and did cry God mercy and besought the Inquisitors for Gods sake considering that we came into those countreys by force of weather against our wils and that neuer in all our liues we had either spoken or done any thing contrary to their lawes that therfore they would haue mercy vpoÌ„ vs. Yet all this would not serue for stil from time to time we were called vpon to confesse and about the space of 3 moneths before they proceeded to their seuere iudgement we were al rackt and some enforced to vtter that against themselues which afterwards cost them their liues And thus hauing gotten froÌ„ our owne mouths matter sufficient for them to proceed in iudgement against vs they caused a large scaffold to be made in the middest of the market place in Mexico right ouer against the head church 14 or 15 daies before the day of their iudgement with the sound of a trumpet and the noise of their Attabalies which are a kind of drummes they did assemble the people in all parts of the citie before whom it was then solemnely proclaimed that whosoeuer would vpon such a day repaire to the market place they should heare the sentence of the holy Inquisition against the English heretikes Lutherans and also see the same put in execution Which being done and the time approching of this cruell iudgement the night before they came to the prison where we were with certaine officers of that holy hellish house bringing with theÌ„ certaine fooles coats which they had prepared for vs being called in their language S. Benitos which coats were made of yellow cotten red crosses vpon them both before behind they were so busied in putting on their coats about vs and in bringing vs out into a large yard and placing and pointing vs in what order we should go to the scaffold or place of iudgement vpon the morrow that they did not once suffer vs to sleepe all that night long The next morning being come there was giuen to euery one of vs for our breakfast a cup of wine and a slice of bread fried in honie and so about eight of the clocke in the morning we set foorth of the prison euery man alone in his yellow coat and a rope about his necke and a great greene Waxe candle in his hand vnlighted hauing a Spaniard appointed to goe vpon either side of euery one of vsâ— and so marching in this order and maner toward the scaffold in the market place which was a bow shoot distant or thereabouts we found a great assembly of people all the way and such a throng that certaine of the Inquisitors officers on horseback were constrained to make way and so comming to the scaffold we went vp by a paire of stayres and found seates readie made and prepared for vs to sit downe on euery man in order as he should be called to receiue his iudgement We being thus set downe as we were appointed presently the Inquisitors came vp another paire of staires and the Uiceroy and all the chiefe Iustices with them When they were set downe and placed vnder the cloth of estate agreeing to their degrees and calling then came vp also a great number of Friers white blacke and gray about the number of 300 persons they being set in the places for them appointed Then was there a solemne Oyes made and silence commanded and then presently beganne their seuere and cruell iudgement The first man that was called was one Roger the chiefe Armourer of the Iesus and hee had iudgement to haue three hundred stripes on horsebacke and after condemned to the gaâ—lies as a slaue for 10 yeeres After him were called Iohn Gray Iohn Browne Iohn Rider Iohn Moone Iames Collier and one Thomas Browne these were adiudged to