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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
truth_n	world_n	worth_n	year_n	15	3	4.3044	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A03066	Some yeares travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique Describing especially the two famous empires, the Persian, and the great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times as also, many rich and spatious kingdomes in the orientall India, and other parts of Asia; together with the adjacent iles. Severally relating the religion, language, qualities, customes, habit, descent, fashions, and other observations touching them. With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the author.; Relation of some yeares travaile	Herbert, Thomas, Sir, 1606-1682.; Marshall, William, fl. 1617-1650, engraver.	1638 (1638)	STC 13191; ESTC S119691	376,722	394

Phorcys Neptunes sonne here lived and by the transcendent excellencie of their beauties their yellow haires curling like Snakes and deshevelling about their naked shoulders turn'd the beholders into a stupid admiration and by Perseus his report of that their faculty gave Poets some ground whereon to build their fiction Leaving those wee steered Westward and past by many parts of the New found world as some men call it Guiana Florida Virginia Nova Anglia parts of Norumbega and the gulph of Mexico where I have seated my selfe a while and will defraud the Reader of some patience by travelling to find out the first Discoverer a Question not a little controverted Madoc ap Owen Gwyneth discovered America above three hundred yeeres before COLUMBUS ALbeit I have formerly in a line or two vindicated the honour of our Country lost in the greater part by protract of malitious time and wane of well-willers to defend it I desire to speak more largely here and give you the ground of my conjecture That Madoc sonne of Owyn Gwyneth discovered the Westerne world now call'd America three hundred and odd yeares before Columbus not to detract from that mans worth but that the truth may prevaile and the memory of our Heroick Country-man revive having gaspt too long in hatefull ignorance and oblivion for if analogie of language and authority of good Authors may be credited it may peradventure be accepted of yea amongst Critticks gaine entertainment In the first place it may be asked whence Madock's resolution came I answer From an innate desire to travell and to avoid domestique broiles he put that in action which some old prophetique sayings gave him light and encouraged him in 'T is very like he had read Plato for what part of the world has ever more affected learning than the Britians who in his Dialogue 'twixt Tymeus and Cricius discourses of a great vast I le West from the Atlantique Ocean and named ATLAS as bigg as Asia and Africa put together Some Humination hee had also out of Aristotle and Theophrastus their Books of Rarities writ two thousand yeares agoe relating how some Merchants passing thorow the Straits of Gibralter were by tempest driven whither wind and Sea compelled them so farre West that they finally discried land but un inhabited It may be 't was some of the Azores but what ere it was it proved a Magnet of encouragement to illure future Ages to discover Westward and doubtlesse was a prime cause of finding out the Westerne Continent Hanno also is supposed to have landed there Questionlessed he adventured farre far in regard they had no Compasse to returne by into the Atlantique Seas but which way he sail'd is disputable West some say some say Southward Pomponius Mele and Lampridus affirme the land was South from Carthage hee discovered if South then no part of the West-Indies the Canary Iles perhaps the Atlantiades the Gorgades Ascention or Saint Helens who though they carry not the Epithite of Great yet the Novelty considered and the Distance the word great may be affected Some but I beleeve them not carry him to Madagascar if that hee discovered a great I le indeed But then sure he would have found out the Red Sea not comparable to the dangers he had past in doubling Cape Tormentoso and made his journey home lesse dangerous Virgil the best of Latine Poets from some varicinating Notion seemes to point at it in the 6. lib. Aenead where hee prophesies vast extent of Caesar's Dominions Iacet extra sydera Tellus Extra Anni Solisque vias ubi coeliser Atlas Axem humero torquet Stellis ardentibus aptum A Land beyond the Stars dothly And the Sunnes way Atlas that beares the Sky The fire fit Star-fraught Pole doth wheel therby Which though Servius understand of the Sunne-burnt Aethiops others otherwise interpret it inconsiderat Laudinus is one of them who cannot be perswaded that any part of Aethiopia exceeds the Tropicks an idle conceit and which in fol. 15. I have refuted but see his reason for it the word extra he moderates to pene extra a witty comment But Donatus parodically takes Solem pro Die and Annum pro Nocte the Sun for Day the Yeare for Night which granted Virgil has neither prophecie nor wonder The truth is as Lod. de la Cerda notes the Poet meanes thus Augustus Caesar should conquer beyond Mount Atlas a famous part of Afrique Morocco now of old Mauritania not included within the burning Zone out of which Apollo never wanders Extra sydera nimirum Zodiaci whence we gather that Virgil meant not of America But in a more perfect way Seneca Nero's Master fore-tells the discovery he conceales the place in his Medaean Tragedy The Time will one day be Guided by providence whom you shall see The liquid Ocean to enlarge her bounds And pay the Earth a tribute of more grounds In a inplest measure for the Sea gods then Shall shew new worlds and rarities to men Yea by his leave who all great acts commands See Thule lesse North by farre than other lands Venient Annis Secula seris quibus Oceanus Vinculd rerum laxet ingens Pateat Tellus Typhisque novos Detegrat orbes nec sit terris Vltima Thulè Madoc from these lights discerned it And least any may thinck the man to whon we erect a Trophy of so great honour an obscure or illiterate man not worth a memory let 's in a line or two speak his discent and quality and then the particulars of his vovage He was brother to Prince David sonnes of that famous Owen Gwynedd Prince of Wales who for above thirty yeeres governed wisely with great courage and good fortune his Father was Gruffith ap Conan that did homage for some lands in England to William the Conquerour at S. Davids and descended lineally from King Rodri Mawr or Roderic the great glorious in many conflicts and victories against the savage Saxon in those foure great battells especially at Berthem Bangelu Monegid and Anglesea in the yeere from Adam 4820 from the nativity of our Blessed Saviour 846. such time as Burchred King of Mercia Athelwolfe King of the West-Saysses Meiric and other valiant Princes by sad tryall found him fortunate which suffice to illustrate Madock's quality every way exceeding honourable It followes why they put to Sea upon discovery The Annalls of those times to this day happily preserved tell us That so soone as Owen Gwynedd or Venedotia was dead the custome of Gavelkind which has confounded Wales became a Subject of implacable hate amongst his sonnes Iorwerth or Edward sirnamed Dwryndwn from his broken nose Howel and David whose peculiar ambition banisht all generall kinds of love due amongst friends and brethren Iorwerth albeit he was eldest was held incapable of the Crowne in respect of his lamenesse and other deformities Howel also was thought unworthy by reason his Mother was an Irish Lady with which Nation they had then some difference David had least right

the Citie whose balconyes view whose Gardens extend to the Mare Caspium It has two large Courts comparable to Fountain bleaus either of which expresse an elaborat Art in the skilfull gardiner paild they are in many shapes the ground is forced into pretty knots the spreading Elms Chenores and Sicamores surrounding and commixing so pleasantly so artificially that from each chamber the prospect is amiable the eye and smell contending who should surfet soonest of variety The house is low but each chamber high capacious rich in work cōmendable in uniformity we could not enter with our shooes on a cōmon Assiatick trick at meales houres of devotion the Romans also used it as Terence in his Heautont Accurrunt servi soleas detrahunt c. some are square some gallery-wise but all are arched three were especially rich and lovely whose sides were set with Mirrors or Looking-glasses and whose tops or seeling were gloriously imbost with flaming gold the casements were of large square Muscovian glasse cemented with gold the ground was over-spread with crimson velvet some stuft with Down others with matteresses of azure coloured velvet coverd with Calzoons of bodkin or cloth of beaten gold and in Winter the Pot-shaugh sleepes either in sheets of costly Sables or of delicate shagg or sheep wooll of Corasan in those gallaries of Mirrors the King has sundry representations of venereous gambolls his Concubines studying by amorous postures to illure his favor to glut his fancie the other chambers are richly furnisht the walls varnisht painted in oyle but by an uncivill pencil the genius of some goatish Apelles such Lavaltoes of the Persian Iupiter are there such immodest postures of men and women nay of Paederastyes as makes the modest eye swell with shame the curious smell winde nothing from those artificiall flowers save loathsome invention Let us goe cent the Caspyan ayre and taste the unruly waves compared with the quiet houses sweet and wholsome The first object are those prams or ships wherein the Moscovite sailes downe Volga 70 mouth'd Volga issuing from the Hyperborean and Rhyphaean hills and from Astra-can in six and forty degrees crosse over the Caspian sea and at this Port or Demir-cape in 40 degrees 20 minutes ride at anchor till they have loaded away raw silks exchang'd for Sables usually in March in Iuly returning with a good winde they crosse the sea in 8 dayes though by adverse stormes Sir Anthony Sherley was fourescore these vessells resembling our old Corraghs recorded by Caesar and Lucan are without ordinance the Sea is free of Pyrats they are sowed with hemp and cord made of the husk of Cocoes and have little iron work the Marriners are as meanly furnist with skill or use of Compasse Here also we saw many Canoos of one peece of wood hewd out of some grown Oke Hyrcania has store yet little used capable to receive eight men in faire weather without much danger Foure dayes wee spent in easie journeys upon this remote shoare the first night wee got to Chacoporo a big Towne twelve long miles West from Farrabat and upon which the sea oftentimes beats outragiously a river a stones cast over refreshes her but if they told us the truth is not alwayes potable for one month every yeer it tasts brackish Next night we got to Barfrush de a great Towne well peopled inriched with silk-wormes wood and excellent water and therefore they may the better forbeare wine for the law here forbids the use of it under a grievous penalty This place is from Chacoporo 12 miles many of the men here delight in Archery and have long beene famous'd in that manly exercise the Yew Into Ithyrean Bows is made to bow Ithyreos taxi curvantur in arcus Hyrcania is a continued Forrest and of all the trees I saw none exceeded the Mulberies for numberlesse numbers none more notable for use ten yea thirty miles spreading in them the berries if white refresht our bellies the colour our eyes the leaves our observation In every Village and Cottage wee might behold sheds fild with industrious people and inriching silk-worms seaming the seminary of that valuable Fly so accounted of through all the world so advantageous to the Persian Emperour who from hence besides those many rich Carpets of silk and gold silk silk and silver yeerely woven for their owne uses extracts an annuall quantity of raw silke seven thousand six hundred Batmans or bales I think exported through Turkie into Europe to his great benefit The silk-worme as in quality so in diversity of shape varies from other wormes her first generation arising from a small round black sperme like Gunpowder or Musturd-seed which by moderate heat increases to an inch assuming at first the shape of a palmer worme from which resemblance in six months she two times changes her common food are leaves and boughs of trees but of all other the white Mulbery most delights her strewed dayly all over thier sheds kept sweet and warme and cleanly Having satiated their usefull appetites they forthwith become enemy to idlenesse surcease their creeping and with their excretiated vertue intwine themselves in some sort making their lawne both winding-sheet and Sepulcher The silke co-operates with such colours as be laid afore them white yellow greene and sandy And albeit they be involved yet are they visible to the eye such is the transparency of their excrement Their exterior part is a pale gold commixt with lemon rough and hayry The interior more hard and form ovated the better to inhume th'included Fly Whos 's task being ended the silken cods or balls are straightway spread afore Apolloes corruscant rayes by whose radiant candor the distressed worme is broyld to death not unlike a glorious miser faelicitating his death so it be in contemplation of his rich idolatry And by this expansion the silk becomes much finer and purer than if shee were suffered from her owne notion to issue forth and break her habitacle After this the silke cods are thrown into a large caldron fild with water and made meanly hot then with a penetrated cane the people stir thē about at once drawing the slimy silke from as many as his instrument can lay hold upon or convene in advantage lastly with a wheele they are turned round it attracts the silk and leaves nothing worth the getting indivellicated But that they affoord hony yeeld wax build nests and are a sort of spyder Aristotle and Pliny may conjecture so but experience derides their supposition By this time we are got to Omoall a City as well known as any other in Mozendram OMOALL of old Zarama I imagin is thought to bee that Naborca or Naborea where the Oracle of dreames was so much famoused It is built under the North side of the imperious Mountaine Taurus of such Grandeur that three thousand Families inhabit in her of severall countries and languages Armenians Georgeans Hyrcans Persians Jewes Curdies and Muscovians who make a Babel of seven tongues amongst

3 and then Herodes slaine by Phraortes his cruell sonne At this time Crassus the rich and famous Roman was slaine and twenty thousand Romans at Carrhas by the Parthians a foule blemish to the Romans till soone after Ventidius Mark Anthonies Liefetenant purged it by a new victory in which Pacorus the Kings sonne was by that valiant Roman slaine and the Empire acknowledged Augustus Caesar over them who deposed the Paricide and made another Phraortes King in his roome At this time was ecchoed the golden song Pacem te poscimus omnes a time most fit to entertaine the Prince of Peace Christ Jesus our Saviour who as then became flesh and dwelt amongst the sonnes of sinfull men To Phraortes 2 succeeds these severall Dynasts of Pathia Orodes or Daridaeus Vonones Tereditates the last of the Arsacidae slaine treacherously by Artabanus to whom these Bardanis Goterys Vonones 2 Vologeses Artabnus 2 Pacorus Chozroes Phamaspates Vologeses 2 Velogeses 3 and lastly Artabanus vanquisht by Caracalla by Macrinus slaine Howbeit in him the hopes of Persia slept not but rather joyed at the farwell of that strange race Redacted by the Persian for upon that advantage the Empire seeming distracted 'twixt two severall affections one Artaxerxes Chobad before but to speed the better he assumes this pleasing name steps forth and with a Majestick grace modestly chides his Country-men for their sloth and faint-heartednesse and that now or never the occasion was offered of reviving their name and redacting the Persian Empire to her former freedome and lustre the people admire the man and by his name doubt not that bee was a true Persian so as with an uoanim assent they crowne his temples with the Dyadem and resolve under him to dye or to dispell that cloud of bondage which the Parthian had so long wrapt them in For three dayes the fight continued twixt those two neighbour the stake was freedome and Monarchie at length the Persian has the victory and Artabanus the Parthyan King by his death pat this late triumphant Empire into bondage After that he vanquisht the Roman Emperour Alexander Severus but in the 15 yeare of his reigne is himselfe by imparriall death vanquished An. Dom. 243 Sapores his sonne begun to reigne And here Teixera may be taxed who assures us that Artaxerxes late named or as they call him Ardkhyrbabba-cawn i.e. Father and Lord to men of warre reigned contemporarie with Caesar Augustus This same Sapores is by the Persians call'd Shaw-Pot by Teixera Scbabur by Schicard Xahur-Xabulketaph or Dbul Aktaf a Prince sufficiently couragious but basely cruell He over-ranne Syria Cilicia Mesopotamia Capadocia Armenia c. but returned with many curses for his crueltie and had next yeare beene retaliated by Gordianus the Roman had not this Emperour dyed by the hands of Philippus a rebell that slew him at Ctesiphon But which efflated Sapores above the rest was the rare overthrow he gave two yeares after to Licinius Vilerianus sirnamed Colobus Roman Emperor who after he had inhumanly triumphed ovet St. Lawrence thousands of other Christians whom he made Martyrs or witnesses in an open field Sapores vanquisht him betray'd some say by Macrinus his Liefetenant and to his dying day made that proud Roman his footstoole to mount upon verifying the old said Saw Superbos sequitur ultor a tergo Deus After he had tyrannised twenty yeeres hee dyed Anno Domini 273 and before the Hegira or Mussulmanish accompt 347. To Sapores followed Ormisda Cherman-sha say the Persians who at the end of thirteene months dyed and Vararanes for three yeeres till death prevented succeeded him to him Narses Tesdgird say the Persians who after sixteene yeeres rule died also and left to inherit his sonne Vararanes 2 cognominated Seganese by Persians calld Baharan who in the first quarter followed the common fate Narses a stranger succeeding him This Narses made bitteer warre with the Armenians and Mesopotamians at which Galerius stormed but his being the Roman Emperor could not dant Narses nor privilage him from being beaten yet in the second conflict is victor and Narses for griefe and shame burnes himselfe after he had eight yeers ruled Persia Misdates his sonne reighned seven yeere after his fathers death to whom followed Sapores an Anti-Christian for the Romans did not rage more furiously against the Christians in the lesser Asia than did this Tyrant in the great he was a posthumus and the crowne set upon his mothers belly even before his birth acknowledging him their soveraigne hee was the Romans inplacable enemy by no threats no bribes no reasons to be pacified he fired Nisibis not valuing that Bacchus was there borne and suckled after which in his owne Dominions he martyrd as Ecclesiastick writers report from the yeere 337 to 347 above thirty thousand Christian for in those dayes those eastern parts were most part Christians the names of many of those noble Martyrs you have in Sozimen he also affronted but with bad successe Constantius the Roman Emperour who dyed of griefe so soone as hee heard what cruelties Sapor had perpetrated upon the Citisens of Singara Bizabda Aminda Bombyca c. Mopsicrive a Towne under mount Taurus in huming him No better luck had that malicious Apostat Iulian who when he had done his worst against the Christians endeavored the subversion of Persia but most strangly he is peirced with a Persian dart in the night and expires with a tandem vicisti Galileë and in his place Iovanian with the joyfull cry of all his Camp Omnes sumus Christiani was saluted Emperour of the Romans He could do but little good against the Persians and therefore returnes towards Constaninople but in the way is arrested by grim death after hee had beene but eight months Emperor Sapores about that time also sighed out his affrighted ghost at the age and reigne of seventy one Anno Mundi 4350 Anno Domini 380. and Artaxerxes his brother ruled after him who dyed in the 11 yeare of his reigne Sapores followed him after five Varanes sirnamed Cermizat him after 10 yeares and to him succeeded Yezdgyrd a constant friend unto the Romans and as Socrates Scolast reports a Christian converted by Maruthas Bishop of Mesopotamia sent into Persia to that end by Pope Innocent and Theodosius the Emperor The Persian Stories say he apostatized who can tell the truth of it this is certaine that in the 20 yeare of his reigne Anno Dom. 426 hee dyed and that Varanes 4 or Baharan inherited his royalties By all Writers this Prince is taxed for his perfidie lust and crueltie especially against the Christians In their defence Theodorus junior sends Artaburus with a gallant Annie Vararanaes diffiding in his owne requests ayd from Alamandurus a Saracen whose Armies when they met were so many that they covered the earth for many miles with their innumerable numbers At Babylon both meet but ere the battell begun such a pannique feare struck the Pagans that they fled amazedly by