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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A62179	The cruell subtilty of ambtioin [sic] discovered in a discourse concerning the King of Spaines surprizing the Valteline / written in Italian by the author of the Historie of the Counsell of Trent ; translated by the renowned Sir Thomas Roe, Knight ... with his epistle to the House of Commons in Parliament ...; Discorso sopra le ragioni della resolutione fatta in Val Telina contra la tirannide de' Grisoni & heretici.. English	Sarpi, Paolo, 1552-1623.; Roe, Thomas, Sir, 1581?-1644.	1650 (1650)	Wing S695; ESTC R9079	64,072	117

The Cruell subtilty of AMBTIOIN DISCOVERED IN A DISCOVRSE CONCERNING the King of SPAINES Surprizing The VALTELINE Written in Italian by the Author of the Historie of the Counsell of Trent Translated by the Renowned Sir Thomas Roe Knight Many times Embassadour in Forraine parts with his Epistle to the House of Commons in PARLIAMENT Shewing the onely way in Policie to counterplot the designes of promoting Unjust Interests of STATE LONDON Printed for William Lee at the Turks Head in Fleetstreet next to the Miter and Phaenix 1650. TO THE KNIGHTS BARONS AND BVRGESSES of the House of Commons assembled in Parliament THings compared though contrary or alike in nature doe illustrate one the other Contrariorum similium eadem est ratio Iust Inst And therefore to discerne the strengths counsels and ends of diuers Kingdomes the straightest rule is comparison of their actions gouernment and foundation All Monarchies and Republiques which haue an end proposed whether to emarge or preserue their Dominion most effectually worke to their own ends because such operation is naturall Polib Is qui nouit quanam sint vniuscuinsque Rerumpublicarum principia naturali● etiam incrementum et florentissimum statum ac mutationem finem potest cognoscere A wife and rationall Historian comparing and censuring diuers Common-wealths why one subsisted and others decayed and how the one preuailed vpon the other examined the formes and institutions their designes and ends and what was possible to be bulk vpon them That of Plato he esteemed vncapable of comparison other then as a Statue to a man which had excellent art without life Athens and Thebes were not vnderlaid to be are any aduersitie But when they were most like to rise the temperature of their policy was insufficient to allay the abundance and increase of humours the growth was too sudden and heauy for the foundation when they began to shake their root had no earth The Lacedemonian to sublist of it selfe to oppose forraine violence to need nothing exotique to liue in peace was in all perfection instituted Caterùm ad parandum sibi in vicinos dominatum to extend their Empire euen their owne foundation was an impediment A blessed state if Ambition were banished the world but defectiue to absolute safetie For no defence is secure that cannot offend Therefore as soone as that State began to affect conquest and to raise Armies they found in their constitution that the Lawes made to keepe them happy were too narrow to hold others in seruitude Plato and their vntried felicitie blinded their iudgement to ouer-value their owne abilities Qui vitam instituisset contra naturam meritò etiam contra naturam fato functus est Polib The Carthagenians and Romans had larger ends a broader foundation like abilities and aptitudes to effect them which were Imperium mundi And though all Common-wealths doe conuenire in aliquo medio yet they which designe quiet possession of their owne and vsurpation of the Estates of others are at both ends vtterly repugnant The reasons why the Romans preuailed vpon Carthage being alike instituted are another consideration Polib the manner of building the constancy vertue and goodnesse of Instruments are great differences In these the Romans excelled and perhaps in the youth for euery State hath an Infancy a mature and a decrepit age and consequently soonest arriued at their ends But that wherein most effectually they preuailed was in Counsels in which they had aduantage in the forme of their gouernment For the people in Carthage in all deliberations had too much authoritie which bred delay and hindered secrecy whereas in Rome the Senate and Optimati Tacit. experienced and wise men onely resolued Imus ad bellum non omnes Nuncios palam audiri Polib non omnia consilia cunctis praesentibus tractari ratio rerum aut occasionum velocitas patitur Victoria consilijs ratione perficitur From these Considerations a Consequence is deduced that when any two great Kingdomes fall into a warre that which will preuaile must consider the ends of the other and the wayes and meanes wherewith they are prosecuted and to them must apply all industry and direct opposition In the ends as there is great difference so there is great aduantage by thē because actiue things etiamsi agendo repatiantur weare-out passiue though of equall strength and hardnesse as the iron that strikes in time batters that which suffers Common-wealths that designe conquest and are alway attentiue to watch occasion get ground vpon the modest more by vigilancy then force and fraud which is a terrible instrument doth euer accompany Ambition Counsels vanquish Armes as spirituall things are predominant vpon materiall and as fire dissolues the fastest metals those Counsels are most preualent which are vnited in one head and issue from one fountaine Therefore rising and encreasing Empires are dangerous if they once grow great and must be resisted in their ends and in their counsels single defence is not sufficient troublesome neighbours must be made passiue to abate their reputation which the spirit of action presupposeth To apply these premisses hauing read with pleasure the following Discourse of the Reasons of the Resolution in the Valteline and being at leasure eyther to sleep or wast in mine owne meditations I thought it would be a good recreation and not vnacceptable to my loyall Countrimen to teach it to speake as plaine English as it doth truth and finding the whole scope of the Author an Authour of great worth and greater works to be an information to the World of the dangerous encrease and ambition of the house of Austria and if possible to read the King of Spaine a lesson not to bee learned but vnder a Rodd of Iron that in time necessity would open the eyes of all Princes to oppose his secret proiect of Vniuersall Monarchy I beleeued that some profit might be gathered out of this forraine Garden I wil suppose that this Theame is sufficiently handled and that there are few practised in the world who will deny it The witnesses are great and euident India vniustly vsurped Sicily surprised by treason Naples by breach of Contract Millan held by Intrusion Nauarre by excommunication of the lawfull Prince Portugall oppressed by the Sword Con●●lag and the Pope refused to iudge either competently or as Arbiter the pretences of Parma Braganza when it was possible in temporall Causes his spirit might erre in not adoring Spaine The Valteline possessed vnder the colour of Religion The Palatinate and the States of Clene seised by auxiliars and kept for Debts forced vpon the Proprietaries which they desired not to borrow Wesell stollen in a truce and the Rhyne passed ouer vnder the fauour of a Treaty Embden attempted Venice conspired Piemont assaulted France twice corrupted into Combustion with holy leagues and open Armes and England practiced and inuaded And to bee able to doe any or all these a scelerous peace sought with the

them had commanded in his holy Law when he said Goe and teach all Nations that onely intimation should be made to peaceful and quiet Infidels which had their proper Lands and if they did not presently receiue the Faith without other preaching or instruction and should not submit themselues to the dominion of that King whom they neuer saw nor heard whose messengers are so cruell so impious and so horrible Tyrants that they should lose for this onely Cause their goods lands liberty wiues children and life which is a thing vnreasonable absurd worthy of all reproach infamy it Hell selfe Thus wisely speaking of the same matter though vpon another occasion discourseth the Reuerend Bishop of Chiappa a principall Citie of New Spaine in the Indies called Fiyat Bartholmy dalle Case by Nation a Spanyard by birth a Siuilian but zealous of Iustice and a friend of truth in his books of the destruction of the Indies But returning to our Subiect The King Atabaliba was iustly scandalized and grieuously moued at this so learned preaching that answering to euery point amongst other things he said these words Obedecer al Papa no me esta bien Jgllescas vbi supra porque dene de ser loco paesdà lo que no es suyo y me manda dexar el Reyno que yè heredè de mi padre y quiere que yo le dè à qui en no conesco That is To obey the Pope is not good for mee because hee must needs be a foole seeing he giueth that to another which is none of his and commands me to leaue that Kingdome which I haue inherited from my father and would I should giue it to one that I know not what he is He could not certainly answer more wisely according to the Proposition which was also false Seeing the Pope was not so void of Iudgement to haue granted any such conquest to the Catholique King or any other especially by the way of warre as the holy Preacher with threats did affirme being in it selfe vniust and wicked And therefore the aforementioned Bishop of Chiappa carnestly defending the truth did send vpon this matter thirty propositions to the Royall Councell of India printed in Cinill in the yeare 1552. In the 23 whereof he thus speaketh Soiurgallos primero por guerra Vescoue di Chiappanelle 30. prepositions es ferma y uia centraria de la ley y yugo suaue y cargalegera y mansedumbre de Iesu Christo Esla propia que lleuè Mahoma y lleuaron los Romanos con que inquietaron y robaron el mondo Es la que tienen oy los Turcos y Meres y que comenca à tener el Xarife Y per tanto es iniquissima tirannica infamatiua del mellifluo nombre de Christo causatiua de infinitas nuebas blasfemias contra el verdadero Dios jeentra la religien Christiana Come tenemes longissima experientie que se hàeche y oy se haze en las Indias porque estimande Diet ser el mas cruel y mas iniusta y sin piedad que ay en los Dioses y per consiguiente es impeditiua de la Conuersion de qualesquiera Infielcs y que ha engendrade impossibilidad de que jamas sean Christianos en à quel orbe gentes infinitas That is To subdue them by warre is a forme and way contrary to the law to the sweet yoke to the easie burthen and to the meeknesse of Iesus Christ It is the same which Mahomet and the Romans did hold wherewith they did disturbe and violate the world it is the same which at this day the Turkes and Moores maintaine and the Verif doth beginne to practice and therfore it is most wicked tyrannicall infamous to the glorious name of Christ the cause of infinite and new Blasphemies against the true God and Christian Religion as we haue by long experience knowne to haue beene and yet vsed amongst the Indians For they haue an opinion of God that he is the most cruell the most vniust and merciless of all other gods And by Consequence it is the hinderance of the Conuersion of all sorts of Infidels and hath caused an impossibiltie that multitudes of People should euer become Christians In the last proposition whereof he concludes De todo lo susodiche en fuerça de consequentia necessaria se sigue que sin persuycio deltitulo y senerso soberano que à los Reys de Castilla pertenece sobrea quel orbe de las Indias todo lo que en ellas le hà echo ansi en lo de las insustas y tirannicas conqusstas como en lo de los repartimientos y en comiendas hà sido nulla y de ningun valor nefuerça de dereche That is From all the fore alleaged matters it is necessarily inferred that without preiudice of the title and Soueraigne Dominion which appertaines to the Kings of Castile in that world of India all that hath beene done as well concerning the vniust and Tyrannicall Conquest as the Diuisions and Commenda's is void of no value and vnlawfull And in the seuenth Rule of his Confessaries the same good Prelate vitereth these words Todas las cosas Vescouo di Chiappancl Consesstienario que se han echo en todas estas Indias assi cula entrada de los Espanoles en cada provincia dellas como en la suetion y seruidumbre en que pusieron estas gentes con todos los nudios y fines y todo lo demas que con ellas y cerca dellas se ha cohs ha sido contrà todo derecho natural y derecho de las gentes y tambien contra derecho diuino y por tanto es todo ininsto imque tirannico y digno di todo fuego insernal y por conseguiente mille enualido y sin algun valor ni momento de derecho That is All things which haue beene done in these Indies as well in the Entrance of the Spaniards to euery Prouince thereof as in the subiction and seruitude to which they haue reduced this People with all the meanes and ends and all that besides which therein or concerning them hath been done is against all Law of Nature and Nations and contrary to the Law of God and therefore it is wholly vniust wicked tyrannicall and worthy of Hell-fire and by consequence annihilated inualid of no force nor iuridicall power Certainly Sacred Maiestie The Assertions of this Prelate are such that they strike horror onely in hearing and almost resemble open Maledictions of a minde subdued to Passion But who shall diligently reade all his workes and shall consider distinctly euery circumstance shall clearly know that these are apprehensions of truth exprest with an holy zeale free from all passion or interest onely in the defence of right Friar Bartholomy dalle Case spent the most part of his life in India Forty nine continued yeares as himselfe affirmes hee saw that which therein was done and

Thirty soure years he laboured in the study of holy Lawes to be well instructed in the knowledge of Iustice He affirmeth nothing which he doth not learnedly proue All his works were directed to his owne King and the Royall Councell before whom more then once hee appeared in person to entreat of this Businessa Who can then beleeue that hee durst say that which was not apparant truth Men vse not to speake ill of Princes to their owne faces Ignorance of the fact or of the Law cannot be obiected to him so much practised and who had so long studyed these matters Argument of affection or of passion cannot be imagined in a Prelat of most exemplar life who renounced his Bishopricke onely to assist in the Court of his Prince in the defence of a People from any interest in him as farre remoued as our world is distant from theirs From whence of necessity it must be said that onely the loue of truth did moue him and the inuincible reasons wherewith he maintaines all his Assertions doe most clearly demonstrate it So that your Maiestie who is as much a louer of truth as of God considering with a setled minde all the fore-alleadged discourses will in the sinceritie of your conscience 〈◊〉 that which 〈◊〉 beginning was declared That Enterprises vndertaken onely for Religion are often reduced to proper Interest and that Titles Dignities and Authorities granted with most holy zeale by the Vicar of Christ haue beaue peruersly abused It is very true that this good Prelatate hath indeauoured to excuse the Catholique Kings by saying that the aboue mentioned euills were against their Intentions clearely expressed in many orders and holy instructions giuen to those crooked ministers who obserued no part of them But this excuse is not admitted of wise men yea rather confuted with most strong Reasons First because it hath not beene found that the Catholique Kings did euer punish any of those Ministers vnlesse perhaps some for Rebellion notwithstanding their wickednesse was manifest vnto them which the foresaid Bishop doth more then once affirme Secondly because so many iniquities by them committed were neuer retracted in particular the Diuisions of the Commenda's vpon which the said Author doth exclaime euen to the Heauens Lastly because the immediate Dominions are encorporated vniuersally and particularly with the Supreme Dominions and this is euident in fact all faculty being taken from them which had it to choose their Prince and the inheritance from them to whom the estates by succession did appertaine of whom some miraculously escaping aliue in that destruction of the Indies lamentably by this Bishop described were transported into Spaine lest by the loue of their Naturall Subiects they should aspire to recouer that of which against reason they were depriued And yet to this day the Issue of that great Motez●ma Emperor of Mexico doe liue in the Court of your Maiestie prohibited vpon paine of life to goe out of Castile From which most true reasons the wisedome of your Maiestie may easily comprehend how little the aforesaid excuses doe pruaile and how great 〈◊〉 the Catholique Kings haue to render to God of the vsurpation of the immediate 〈◊〉 of the Indies vnder pretence of amplifying the Christian faith The religious zeale of the King Don Phillip the second father of your Maiestie cannot inconsiderately bee ouerpast when inurted by the Pope hee tooke Armes against Henry the fourth King of France The cause of Christ was in question against a publique Heretique and Enemy of Christ It was expedient that the facred Catholique King Protector of the Church of Christ should abandon his owne Affaires of Flanders to defend that of Christ The which Hereique Action the fruit of perfect vertue which is rarely found among Princes of the World did beget in many wonder and incredulity and in others it caused too malitious suspition Algunos saith the Spanish Bishop que juzgauan la virtud agena por la malitia propia Bauia Pentif par 3. vita di Griger 14. c. 9. no querian creer que el zelo de Rey Catholico fuesse tan grande che desamparando su bazienda propia con tan gran costa fuesse a remediar la agena That is Some who iudge the vertue of others by their owne malice would nor beleeue that the zeale of the Catholique King could be so great that leauing the care of his owne business hee should at so immence Charge relieue the necessitie of others Behold the wonder and the incredulity Otros as after followes in the history que no bien conocian la Religion y Christianidad del gran Filippo II. Bauia p. 3. vita de Innocentie 9. C. 9. fondauan en esta jornada un gran edificio diziendo que se queria hazer Rey de Francia ò ponelle de su mano assegurandosse ensus Estados comarcanos y sasando à bueltas no pequeno interes That is Others that did not well vnderstand the Religion and Christianitie of the Grand Phillip the second did from this vndertaking lay the foundation of a great building saying that he desired to make himselfe King of France or to place a King of his owne dependance hereby assuring his owne neighbouring States and drawing to himselfe no little aduantage Behold the malice and that truely very great against that most innocent Monarch who did clearely show to haue no other interest nor further desire then that the Catholique Religion should not be vtterly ruined as it was freshly threatned in the Kingdome of France But what cannot the Deuill doe Saints and Heremits are rarely secure much lesse Princes in Courts Scarcely hath Henry begunne inspired by the holy Ghost to shew himsefe willing to be reduced to the wombe of holy Church to be truely a most Christian King when the Catholique fell vpon a Councell by no meanes to consent that hee should bee King of France And yet to him the Rights of that Kingdome did appertaine nor for other cause was the opposition but for being an Heretique whence the impediment being taken away it was most vnrust any longer to withstand him But it was whispered in the cares of the Catholique King by certaine Machiauells rather then Disciples that the Coronation of Henry might bring some danger to his Maiestie for the kingdome of Nauarr and the County of Burgondy vpon which States the Crowne of France hath pregnant pretensions and that his Maiestie had cast away in vaine so much Gold and spent so much blood of his people in that warre Therefore La tarde antes so saith Rauia que hiziesse la absolution Pontif p. 4 vita de Cle. 8. Cap. 56 el Duque de Sessa Ambaxador del Rey Catholico de su parte hiza al Papa protestacion que la absolucion que su santitad pensau a dar à Enrico no perjudicasse al derecho de su Rey en lo teccante al Reyno de Nauarra y Contado di Borgona ui a los gastos que hauia echo