death But he died and rose again for us and appeared after his Resurrection His enemies had taken him away by a most bitter and cruel death had guarded and secured his Sepulchre with all the care power and diligence which they could invent And yet he rose again the third day in triumph visibly conversed with his Disciples for forty days together and then went to Heaven By which he gave the most solemn and undeniable assurance to the World that he was the Son of God for he was declared to be the Son of God with power by the Resurrection from the dead and the Saviour of mankind and that those doctrines which he had taught were most true and did really contain the terms of that solemn transaction which God by him had offered to men in order to their eternal happiness in another World 11. THE last instance I shall note of the excellency of this above the Mosaical Dispensation is the 〈◊〉 extent and latitude of it and that both in respect of place and time First it 's more universally extensive as to place not confined as the former was to a small part of mankind but common unto all Heretofore in Judah only was God known and his name was great in Israel he shewed his Word unto Jacob his Statutes and his Judgments unto Israel but he did not deal so with any other Nation neither had the Heathen knowledge of his Laws In those times Salvation was only of the Jews a few Acres of Land like Gideons Fleece was watered with the dew of Heaven while all the rest of the World for many Ages lay dry and barren round about it God suffering all Nations in times past to walk in their own ways the ways of their own superstition and Idolatry being aliens from the Commonwealth of Israel strangers from the Covenants of promise having no hope and without God in the World that is they were without those promises discoveries and declarations which God made to Abraham and his Seed and are therefore peculiarly described under this character the Gentiles which knew not God Indeed the Religion of the Jews was in it self incapable to be extended over the World many considerable parts of it as Sacrifices First-fruits Oblations c. called by the Jewes themselves 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 statutes belonging to that land being to be performed at Jerusalem and the Temple which could not be done by those Nations that lay a considerable distance from the Land of promise They had it's true now and then some few Proselytes of the Gentiles who came over and imbodied themselves into their way of worship but then they either resided among the Jewes or by reason of their vicinity to Judaea were capable to make their personal appearance and to comply with the publick Institutions of the Divine Law Other Proselytes they had called Proselytes of the Gate who lived dispersed in all Countries whom the Jewes call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the pious of the Nations Men of devout minds and Religious lives but these were obliged to no more than the observation of the Seven Precepts of the Sons of Noah that is in effect to the Precepts of the Natural Law But now the Gospel has a much wider sphere to move in as vast and large as the whole World it self it is communicable to all Countries and may be exercised in any part or corner of the Earth Our Lord gave Commission to his Apostles to go into all 〈◊〉 and to Preach the Gospel to every Creature and so they did their sound went into all the Earth and their 〈◊〉 unto the ends of the World by which means the grace of God that brings salvation appeared unto all men and the Gospel was Preached to every Creature under Heaven So that now there is neither Jew nor Greek neither bond nor free neither male nor female but we are all one in Christ Jesus and in every Nation he that feareth God and worketh righteousness is accepted with him The Prophet had long since foretold it of the times of Christ that the House of God that is his Church should be called an House of Prayer for all People the Doors should be open and none excluded that would enter in And the Divine providence was singularly remarkable in this affair that after our Lord's Ascension when the Apostles were going upon their Commission and were first solemnly to proclaim it at Jerusalem there were dwelling there at that time Parthians Medes Elamites c. persons out of every Nation under Heaven that they might be as the First-fruits of those several Countries which were to be gathered in by the preaching of the Gospel which was accordingly done with great success the Christian Religion in a few years spreading its triumphant Banners over the greatest part of the then known World 12. AND as the true Religion was in those Days pent up within one particular Country so the more publick and ordinary worship of God was confined onely to one particular place of it viz. Jerusalem hence called the Holy City Here was the Temple here the Priests that ministred at the Altar here all the more publick Solemnities of Divine adoration Thither the Tribes go up the Tribes of the Lord unto the Testimony of Israel to give thanks unto the Name of the Lord. Now this was not the least part of the bondage of that dispensation to be obliged thrice every Year to take such long and tedious Journies many of the Jews living some Hundreds of Miles distance from Jerusalem and so strictly were they limited to this place that to build an Altar and offer Sacrifices in any other place unless in a case or two wherein God did extraordinarily dispense although it were to the true God was though not false yet unwarrantable worship for which reason the Jews at this day abstain from Sacrifices because banished from Jerusalem and the Temple the only legal place of offering But behold the liberty of the Gospel in this case we are not tied to present our devotions at Jerusalem a pious and sincere mind is the best Sacrifice that we can offer up to God and this may be done in any part of the World no less acceptably than they of old sacrificed in the Temple The hour cometh when ye shall neither in this Mountain Mount Gerizim nor yet at Jerusalem worship the Father when the true worshippers shall worship the Father in spirit and in truth as our Lord told the Woman of Samaria in spirit and in truth in spirit in opposition to that carnal and Idolatrous worship that was in use among the Samaritans who worshipped God under the representation of a Dove in truth in opposition to the typical and figurative worship of the Jews which was but a shadow of the true worship of the Gospel The great Sacrifice required in the Christian Religion is not the fat of Beasts or
The Samaritans coming to Jesus V. 28. The woman left her water pot went her way into the city saith to the men Come see a man which told me all things that ever I did is not this the Christ Then they went out of the city came unto him V. 39. Many of the Samaritans beleived on him for the saying of the woman when they were come to him many more believed because of his own word 1. WHen Jesus understood that John was cast into prison and that the Pharisees were envious at him for the great multitudes of people that resorted to his Baptism which he ministred not in his own person but by the deputation of his Disciples they finishing the ministration which himself began who as Euodins Bishop of Antioch reports baptized the Blessed Virgin his Mother ther and Peter only and Peter baptized Andrew James and John and they others he left Judaea and came into Galilee and in his passage he must touch Sychar a City of Samaria where in the heat of the day and the weariness of his journey he sate himself down upon the margent of Jacob's Well whither when his Disciples were gone to buy meat a Samaritan woman cometh to draw water of whom Jesus asked some to cool his thirst and refresh his weariness 2. Little knew the woman the excellency of the person that asked so small a charity neither had she been taught that a cup of cold water given to a Disciple should be rewarded and much rather such a present to the Lord himself But she prosecuted the spite of her Nation and the interest and quarrel of the Schism and in stead of washing Jesus's feet and giving him drink demanded why he being a Jew should ask water of a Samaritan for the Jews have no intercourse with the Samaritans 3. The ground of the quarrel was this In the sixth year of Hezekiah Salmanasar King of Assyria sacked Samaria transported the Israelites to Assyria and planted an Assyrian Colony in the Town and Country who by Divine vengeance were destroyed by Lions which no power of man could restrain or lessen The King thought the cause was their not serving the God of Israel according to the Rites of Moses and therefore sent a Jewish captive Priest to instruct the remanent inhabitants in the Jewish Religion who so learned and practised it that they still retained the Superstition of the Gentile rites till Manasses the Brother of Jaddi the high Priest at Jerusalem married the daughter of Sanballat who was the Governour under King Darius Manasses being reproved for marrying a stranger the daughter of an uncircumcised Gentile and admonished to dismiss her flies to Samaria perswades his Father-in-law to build a Temple in Mount Gerizim introduces the Rites of daily Sacrifice and makes himself high Priest and began to pretend to be the true successor of Aaron and commences a Schism in the time of Alexander the Great From whence the Question of Religion grew so high that it begat disassections anger animosities quarrels bloudshed and murthers not only in Palestine but where ever a Jew and Samaritan had the ill fortune to meet Such being the nature of men that they think it the greatest injury in the world when other men are not of their minds and that they please God most when they are most furiously zealous and no zeal better to be expressed than by hating all those whom they are pleased to think God hates This Schism was prosecuted with the greatest spite that ever any was because both the people were much given to Superstition and this was helped forward by the constitution of their Religion consisting much in externals and Ceremonials and which they cared not much to hallow and make moral by the intertexture of spiritual senses and Charity And therefore the Jews called the Samaritans accursed the Samaritans at the Paschal solemnity would at midnight when the Jews Temple was open scatter dead mens bones to profane and desecrate the place and both would fight and eternally dispute the Question sometimes referring it to Arbitrators and then the conquered party would decline the Arbitration after sentence which they did at Alexandria before Ptolemaeus Philometor when Andronicus had by a rare and exquisite Oration procured sentence against Theodosius and Sabbaeus the Samaritan Advocates The sentence was given for Jerusalem and the Schism increased and lasted till the time of our Saviour's conference with this woman 4. And it was so implanted and woven in with every understanding that when the woman perceived Jesus to be a Prophet she undertook this Question with him Our Fathers worshipped in this mountain and ye say that Jerusalem is the place where men ought to worship Jesus knew the Schism was great enough already and was not willing to make the rent wider and though he gave testimony to the truth by saying Salvation is of the Jews and we know what we worship ye do not yet because the subject of this Question was shortly to be taken away Jesus takes occasion to preach the Gospel to hasten an expedient and by way of anticipation to reconcile the disagreeing interests and settle a revelation to be verified for ever Neither here nor there by way of confinement not in one Countrey more than another but where-ever any man shall call upon God in spirit and truth there he shall be heard 5. But all this while the Holy Jesus was athirst and therefore hastens at least to discourse of water though as yet he got none He tells her of living water of eternal satisfactions of never thirsting again of her own personal condition of matrimonial relation and professes himself to be the Messias And then was interrupted by the coming of his Disciples who wondred to see him alone talking with a woman besides his custom and usual reservation But the Woman full of joy and wonder left her water-pot and ran to the City to publish the Messias and immediately all the City came out to see and many believed on him upon the testimony of the Woman and more when they heard his own discourses They invited him to the Town and received him with hospitable civilities for two days after which he departed to his own Galilee 6. Jesus therefore came into the Countrey where he was received with respect and fair entertainment because of the Miracles which the Galileans saw done by him at the Feast and being at Cana where he wrought the first Miracle a Noble personage a little King say some a Palatine says S. Hierome a Kingly person certainly came to Jesus with much reverence and desire that he would be pleased to come to his house and cure his Son now ready to die which he seconds with much importunity fearing left his Son be dead before he get thither Jesus who did not do his Miracles by natural operations cured the child at distance and dismissed the Prince telling him his Son lived which by
an uncharitable circumstance do not commit the same fault which in them we so hate and accuse Let no man speak any thing of his neighbourhood but what is true and yet if a truth be heightned by the biting Rhetorick of a satyrical spirit extended and drawn forth in circumstances and arts of aggravation the truth becomes a load to the guilty person is a prejudice to the sentence of the Judge and hath not so much as the excuse of Zeal much less the Charity of Christianity Sufficient to every man is the plain story of his crime and to excuse as much of it as we can would better become us who perish unless we be excused for infinite irregularities But if we add this also that we accuse our Brethren 〈◊〉 them that may amend them and reform their error if we pity their persons and do not hate them if we seek nothing of their disgrace and make not their shame publick but when the publick is necessarily concerned or the state of the man's sin requires it then our accusations are charitable but if they be not all such accusations are accepted by Christ with as much displeasure in proportion to the degree of the malice and the proper effect as was this Acculation of his own person 9. But Pilate having pronounced Jesus innocent and perceiving he was a Galilean sent him to 〈◊〉 as being a more competent person to determine 〈◊〉 one of his own jurisdiction Herod was glad at the honour done to him and the person brought him being now desirous to see some Miracle 〈◊〉 before him But the Holy Jesus spake not one word there nor did any sign so to reprove the sottish carelesness of Herod who living in the place of Jesus's abode never had seen his person or heard his Sermons And if we neglect the opportunities of Grace and refuse to hear the 〈◊〉 of Christ in the time of mercy and Divine appointment we may arrive at that state of 〈◊〉 in which Christ will refuse to speak one word of comfort to us and the Homilies of the Gospel shall be dead letters and the spirit not at all refreshed nor the Understanding instructed nor the Affections moved nor the Will determined but because we have during all our time stopt our ears in his time God will stop his mouth and shut up the springs of Grace that we shall receive no refreshment or instruction or pardon or felicity Jesus suffered not himself to be moved at the pertinacious accusations of the 〈◊〉 nor the desires of the Tyrant but persevered in silence till Herod and his servants despised him and dismissed him For so it became our High Priest who was to sanctifie all our sufferings to consecrate affronts and scorn that we may learn to endure contempt and to suffer our selves in a religious cause to be despised and when it happens in any other to remember that we have our dearest Lord for a precedent of bearing it with admirable simplicity and equanimity of deportment and it is a mighty stock of Self-love that dwells in our spirits which makes us of all afflictions most impatient of this But Jesus endured this despite and suffered this to be added that he was exposed in scorn to the boys of 〈◊〉 streets For 〈◊〉 caused him to be arrayed in white sent him out to be scorned by the people and hooted at by idle persons and so remitted him to Pilate And since that Accident to our Lord the Church hath not undecently chose to cloath her Priests with Albs or white garments and it is a symbolical intimation and representment of that part of the Passion and 〈◊〉 which Herod passed upon the Holy Jesus and this is so far from deserving a reproof that it were to be wished all the children of the Church would imitate all those Graces which Christ exercised when he wore that garment which she hath taken up in ceremony and thankful memory that is in all their actions and sufferings be so estranged from secular arts and mixtures of the world so intent upon Religion and active in all its interests so indifferent to all acts of Providence so equal in all chances so patient of every accident so charitable to enemies and so undetermined by exteriour events that nothing may draw us forth from 〈◊〉 severities of our Religion or entice us from the retirements of a 〈◊〉 and sober and patient spirit or make us to depart from the courtesies of Piety though for such adhesion and pursuit we be esteemed fools or ignorant or contemptible Iesus is scourged by the Souldiers Mar 15 14. Then Pilate said unto them why what evill hath he done and they cried the more exceedingly Crucify him 15 And so Pilate willing to content the People released Barabbas unto them and delivered Iesus when he had scourged him to be Crucified They Crown him with Thornes Mat 27. 28. And they stripped him and put on him a Scarlet robe 29 And when they had platted a crown of Thornes they put it upon his head and a reed in his right hand and they bowed the knee before him mocked him saying Hayle King of the Iews 10. When Pilate had received the Holy Jesus and found that Herod had sent him back uncondemned he attempted to rescue him from their malice by making him a donative and a freed man at the petition of the people But they preferred a Murtherer and a Rebel Barabbas before him for themselves being Rebels against the King of Heaven loved to acquit persons criminal in the same kind of sin rather than their Lord against whom they took up all the arms which they could receive from violence and perfect malice desiring to have him crucified who raised the dead and to have the other 〈◊〉 who destroyed the living And when Pilate saw they were set upon it he consented and delivered him first to be scourged which the souldiers executed with violence and unrelenting hands opening his virginal body to nakedness and tearing his tender flesh till the pavement was purpled with a shower of holy bloud Itis reported in the Ecclesiastical story that when S. Agnes and S. Barbara holy Virgins and Martyrs were stripp'd naked to execution God pitying their great shame and trouble to have their nakedness discovered made for them a veil of light and sent them to a modest and desired death But the Holy Jesus who chose all sorts of shame and confusion that by a fulness of suffering he might expiate his Father's anger and that he might consecrate to our sufferance all kind of affront and passion endured even the shame of nakedness at the time of his scourging suffering himself to be devested of his robes that we might be clothed with that stole he put off for 〈◊〉 he 〈◊〉 on him the state of sinning Adam and became naked that we might 〈◊〉 be 〈◊〉 with Righteousness and then with Immortality 11. After they had scourged him without remorse they clothed him
had bravely discoursed of the happy state of good men in the other Life plainly consessed that he could be content 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to die a thousand times over were he but assured that those things were true and being condemned concludes his Apologie with this farewell And now Gentlemen I am going off the stage it 's your lot to live and mine to die but whether of us two shall fare better is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 unknown to any but to God alone But our blessed Saviour has put the case past all peradventure having plainly published this doctrine to the World and sealed the truth of it and that by raising others from the dead and especially by his own Resurrection and 〈◊〉 which were the highest pledge and assurance of a future Immortality But besides the security he hath given the clearest account of the nature of it 'T is very probable that the Jews generally had of old as 't is certain they have at this day the most gross and carnal apprehensions concerning the state of another Life But to us the Gospel has perspicuously revealed the invisible things of the other World told us what that Heaven is which is promised to good men a state of spiritual joys of chaste and rational delights a conformity of ours to the Divine Nature a being made like to God and an endless and uninterrupted communion with him 9. BUT because in our lapsed and degenerate state we are very unable without some foreign assistance to attain the promised rewards hence arises in the next place another great priviledge of the Evangelical Oeconomy that it is blessed with larger and more abundant communications of the Divine Spirit than was afforded under the Jewish state Under the one it was given by drops under the other it is poured forth The Law laid heavy and hard commands but gave little strength to do them it did not assist humane nature with those powerful aids that are necessary for us in our 〈◊〉 state it could do nothing in that it was weak through the flesh and by reason of the weakness and unprofitableness thereof it could make nothing 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was this made it an heavy yoke when the commands of it 〈◊〉 uncouth and troublesome and the assistances so small and inconsiderable Whereas now the Gospel does not only prescribe such Laws as are happily accommodate to the true temper of humane nature and adapted to the reason of mankind such as every wise and prudent man must have pitched upon but it affords the insluences of the Spirit of God by whose assistance our vitiated faculties are repaired and we enabled under so much weakness and in the midst of so many temptations to hold on in the paths of piety and vertue Hence it is that the plentiful effusions of the Spirit were reserved as the great blessing of the Evangelical state that God would then pour water upon him that is thirsty and sloods upon the dry ground that he would pour out his Spirit upon their seed and his blessing upon their off-spring whereby they should spring up as among the grass as willows by the water-courses That he would give them a new heart and put his Spirit within them and cause them to walk in his statutes and keep his judgments to do them And this is the meaning of those branches of the Covenant so oft repeated I will put my Law into their minds and write it in their hearts that is by the help of my Grace and Spirit 〈◊〉 enable them to live according to my Laws as readily and willingly as if they were written in their hearts For this reason the Law is compared to a dead letter the Gospel to the Spirit that giveth life thence stiled the ministration of the Spirit and as such said to 〈◊〉 in glory and that to such a degree that what glory the Legal Dispensation had in this 〈◊〉 is eclipsed into nothing For even that which was made glorious had no glory in this respect by reason of the glory that excelleth for if that which was done away was glorious much more that which remaineth is glorious Hence the Spirit is said to be Christ's peculiar mission I will pray the Father and he will send you another comforter even the Spirit of truth which was done immediately after his Ascension when he ascended up on high and gave gifts to men even the Holy Ghost which he shed on them abundantly through Jesus Christ our Saviour For the Holy Ghost was not yet given because that Jesus was not yet glorified Not but that he was given before even under the old Oeconomy but not in those large and diffusive measures wherein it was afterwards communicated to the World 10. FIFTHLY The Dispensation of the Gospel had a better establishment and confirmation than that of the Law for though the Law was introduced with great scenes of pomp and Majesty yet was the Gospel ushered in by more kindly and rational methods 〈◊〉 by more and greater miracles whereby our Lord unquestionably evinced his Divine Commission and shewed that he came from God doing more miracles in three years than were done through all the periods of the Jewish Church and many of them such as were peculiar to him alone He often raised the dead which Moses never did commanded the winds and waves of the Sea expelled Devils out of Lunaticks and possessed persons who fled assoon as ever he commanded them to be gone cured many inveterate and chronical distempers with the speaking of a word and some without a word spoken vertue silently going out from him He searched men's hearts and revealed the most secret transactions of their minds had this miraculous power always residing in him and could exert it when and upon what occasions he pleased and impart it to others communicating it to his Apostles and followers and to the Primitive Christians for the three first Ages of the Church he never exerted it in methods of dread and terror but in doing such miracles as were highly useful and beneficial to the World And as if all this had not been enough he 〈◊〉 down his own life after all to give testimony to it Covenants were ever wont to be ratified with bloud and the death of sacrifices But when out Lord came to introduce the Covenant of the Gospel he did not consecrate it with the bloud of Bulls and Goats but with his own most precious bloud as of a Lamb without spot and blemish And could he give a greater testimony to the truth of his doctrine and those great things he had promised to the World than to seal it with his bloud Had not these things been so t were infinitely unreasonable to suppose that a person of so much wisdom and goodness as our Saviour was should have made the World believe so and much less would he have chosen to die for it and that the most acute and ignominious
to a single Person as to the man of Judah prophesying against the Altar of Bethel or to a Nation as to the Jews at Sinai or to all Mankind as to the world descending from Noah it was nothing else but a trial or an instance of our Obedience a particular prosecution of the Law of Nature whereby we are obliged to do honour to God which was to be done by such expressions which are natural entercourses between God and us or such as he hath made to be so Now in Christianity we are wholly left to that manner of prosecuting this first natural Law which is natural and proportionable to the nature of the thing which the Holy Jesus calls worshipping God in spirit and truth In spirit that is with our Souls heartily and devoutly so as to exclude hypocrisie and 〈◊〉 and In truth that is without a lie without vain imaginations and phantastick resemblances of him which were introduced by the evil customs of the Gentiles and without such false guises and absurd undecencies which as they are contrary to man's Reason so are they contrary to the Glory and reputation of God such as was that universal Custom of all Nations of sacrificing in man's bloud and offering festival lusts and impurities in the solemnities of their Religion for these being against the purpose and design of God and against right Reason are a Lie and enemies to the truth of a natural and proper Religion The Holy Jesus only commanded us to pray often and to praise God to speak honour of his Name not to use it lightly and vainly to believe him to revere the instruments and ministers of Religion to ask for what we need to put our trust in God to worship him to obey him and to love him for all these are but the expressions of Love And this is all Christ spake concerning the first natural Law the Law of Religion For concerning the Ceremonies or Sacraments which he instituted they are but few and they become matter of duty but by accident as being instruments and rites of consigning those effects and mercies which God sent to the world by the means of this Law and relate rather to the contract and stipulation which Christ made for us than to the natural order between Duty and Felicity 28. Now all these are nothing but what we are taught by natural Reason that is what God enabled us to understand to be fit instruments of entercourse between God and us and what was practised and taught by sober men in all Ages and all Nations whose Records we have received as I shall remark at the Margent of the several Precepts For to make these appear certainly and naturally necessary there was no more requisite but that Man should know there was a GOD that is an eternal Being which gave him all that he had or was and to know what himself was that is indigent and necessitous of himself needing help of all the Creatures exposed to accidents and calamity and 〈◊〉 no ways but by the same hand that made him Creation and Conservation in the Philosophy of all the world being but the same act continuing and flowing on him from an instant to duration as a Line from its Mathematical Point And for this God took sufficient care for he conversed with Man in the very first in such clear and certain and perceptible transaction that a man could as certainly know that God was as that Man was And in all Ages of the world he hath not left himself without witness but gave such testimonies of himself that were sufficient for they did actually perswade all Nations barbarous and civil into the belief of a God And it is but a nicety to consider whether or no that Proposition can be naturally demonstrated For it was sufficient to all God's purposes and to all Man's that the Proposition was actually believed the instances were therefore sufficient to make faith because they did it And a man may remove himself so far 〈◊〉 all the degrees of aptness to believe a Proposition that nothing shall make them joyn For if there were a Sect of witty men that durst not believe their Senses because they thought them fallible it is no wonder if some men should think every Reason reproveable But in such cases Demonstration is a relative term and signifies every probation greater or lesser which does actually make faith in any Proposition And in this God hath never been deficient but hath to all men that believe him given sufficient to confirm them to those few that believed not sufficient to reprove them 29. Now in all these actions of Religion which are naturally consequent to this belief there is no scruple but in the instance of Faith which is presented to be an infused Grace an immission from God and that for its object it hath principles supernatural that is naturally incredible and therefore Faith is supposed a Grace above the greatest strength of Reason But in this I consider that if we look into all the Sermons of Christ we shall not easily find any Doctrine that in any sense troubles natural Philosophy but only that of the Resurrection for I do not think those mystical expressions of plain truths such as are being born again eating the flesh of the Son of man being in the Father and the Father in him to be exceptions in this assertion And although some Gentiles did believe and deliver that article and particularly Chrysippus and the Thracians as Mela and Solinus report of them yet they could not naturally discourse themselves into it but had it from the imperfect report and opinion of some Jews that dwelt among them And it was certainly a revelation or a proposition sent into the world by God But then the believing it is so far from being above or against Nature that there is nothing in the world more reasonable than to believe any thing which God tells us or which is told us by a man sent from God with mighty demonstration of his power and veracity Naturally our bodies cannot rise that is there is no natural agent or natural cause sufficient to produce that effect but this is an effect of a Divine power and he hath but a little stock of natural Reason who cannot conclude that the same power which made us out of nothing can also restore us to the same condition as well and easily from dust and ashes certainly as from mere nothing And in this and in all the like cases Faith is a submission of the understanding to the Word of God and is nothing else but a confessing that God is Truth and that he is omnipotent that is he can do what he will and he will when he hath once said it And we are now as ignorant of the essence and nature of forms and of that which substantially distinguishes Man from Man or an Angel from an Angel as we were of the greatest Article of our Religon before it was
desertions and anguish of spirit expecting all should work together for the best according to the promise if you can strengthen your selves in God when you are weakest believe when you see no hope and entertain no jealousies or suspicions of God though you see nothing to make you confident then and then only you have Faith which in conjunction with its other parts is able to save your Souls For in this precise duty of trusting God there are the rays of hope and great proportions of Charity and Resignation 17. The summ is that pious and most Christian sentence of the Author of the ordinary Gloss To believe in God through Jesus Christ is by believing to love him to adhere to him to be united to him by Charity and Obedience and to be incorporated into Christ ' s mystical body in the Communion of Saints I conclude this with a collation of certain excellent words of S. Paul highly to the present purpose Examine your selves Brethren whether ye be in the Faith prove your own selves Well but how Know you not your own selves how that Jesus Christ is in you except ye be Reprobates There 's the touchstone of Faith If Jesus Christ dwells in us then we are true Believers if he does not we are Reprobates we have no Faith But how shall we know whether Christ be in us or no Saint Paul tells us that too If Christ be in you the body is dead by reason of sin but the spirit is life because of righteousness That 's the Christian's mark and the Characteristick of a true Believer A death unto sin and a living unto righteousness a mortified body and a quickned spirit This is plain enough and by this we see what we must trust to A man of a wicked life does in vain hope to be saved by his Faith for indeed his Faith is but equivocal and dead which as to his purpose is just none at all and therefore let him no more deceive himself For that I may still use the words of S. Paul This is a faithful saying and these things I will that thou affirm constantly that they which have believed in God might be careful to maintain good works For such and such only in the great scrutiny for Faith in the day of Doom shall have their portion in the bosom of faithful Abraham The PRAYER I. O Eternal GOD 〈◊〉 of all Truth and Holiness in whom to believe is life eternal let thy Grace descend with a mighty power into my Soul beating down every strong hold and vainer imagination and bringing every proud thought and my confident and ignorant understanding into the obedience of Jesus Take from me all disobdience and refractoriness of spirit all ambition and private and baser interests remove from me all prejudice and weakness of perswasion that I may wholly resign my Understanding to the perswasions of Christianity acknowledging Thee to be the principle of Truth and thy Word the measure of Knowledge and thy Laws the rule of my life and thy Promises the satisfaction of my hopes and an union with thee to be the consummation of Charity in the fruition of Glory Amen II. HOly JESUS make me to acknowledge thee to be my Lord and Master and my self a Servant and Disciple of thy holy Discipline and Institution let me love to sit at thy feet and suck in with my ears and heart the sweetness of thy holy Sermons Let my Soul be shod with the preparation of the Gospel of Peace with a peaceable and docile disposition Give me great boldness in the publick Confession of thy Name and the Truth of thy Gospel in despite of all hostilities and temptations And grant I may always remember that thy Name is called upon me and I may so behave my self that I neither give scandal to others nor cause disreputation to the honour of Religion but that thou mayest be glorified in me and I by thy mercies after a strict observance of all the holy Laws of Christianity Amen III. O Holy and ever-Blessed SPIRIT let thy gracious influences be the perpetual guide of my rational Faculties Inspire me with Wisdom and Knowledge spiritual Understanding and a holy Faith and sanctifie my Faith that it may arise up to the confidence of Hope and the adherencies of Charity and be fruitful in a holy Conversation Mortifie in me all peevishness and pride of spirit all heretical dispositions and whatsoever is contrary to sound Doctrine that when the eternal Son of God the Author and Finisher of our Faith shall come to make scrutiny and an inquest for Faith I may receive the Promises laid up for them that believe in the Lord Jesus and wait for his coming in holiness and purity to whom with the Father and thee O Blessed Spirit be all honour and eternal adoration payed with all sanctity and joy and Eucharist now and for ever Amen SECT XI Of CHRIST's going to Jerusalem to the Passeover the first time after his Manifestation and what followed till the expiration of the Office of John the Baptist. The Visitation of the Temple Marke 11. 15. And Iesus went into y e Temple began to cast out them that sold bought in y e Temple and overthrew the tables of the money changers 16. And would not suffer that any man should carry any vessel through the Temple The Conference with Nicodemus Iohn 3. 9. Nicodemus answered said unto him How can these things be 10. Iesus answered and sayd unto him Art thou a Master of Israel and knowest not these things 1. IMmediately after this Miracle Jesus abode a few days in Capernaum but because of the approach of the great Feast of Passeover he ascended to Jerusalem and the first publick act of record that he did was an act of holy Zeal and Religion in behalf of the honour of the Temple For divers Merchants and Exchangers of money made the Temple to be the Market and the Bank and brought Beasts thither to be sold for sacrifice against the great Paschal Solemnity At the sight of which Jesus being moved with zeal and indignation made a whip of cords and drave the Beasts out of the Temple overthrew the accounting Tables and commanded them that sold the Doves to take them from thence For his anger was holy and he would mingle no injury with it and therefore the Doves which if let loose would be detrimental to the owners he caused to be fairly removed and published the Religion of Holy places establishing their Sacredness for ever by his first Gospel-Sermon that he made at Jerusalem Take these things hence Make not my Father's House a house of merchandise for it shall be called a house of Prayer to all Nations And being required to give a sign of his Vocation for this being an action like the Religion of the Zelots among the Jews if it was not attested by something extraordinary might be abused into an excess of liberty he only foretold the
narration of his servants he found to be true and that he recovered at the same time when Jesus spake these'salutary and healing words Upon which accident he and all his house became Disciples 7. And now Jesus left Nazareth and came to Capernaum a maritime Town and of great resort chusing that for his scene of Preaching and his place of dwelling For now the time was fulfilled the office of the Baptist was expired and the Kingdom of God was at hand He therefore preached the summ of the Gospel Faith and Repentance Repent ye and believe the Gospel And what that Gospel was the summ and series of all his Sermons afterwards did declare 8. The work was now grown high and pregnant and Jesus saw it convenient to chuse Disciples to his ministery and service in the work of Preaching and to be witnesses of all that he should say do or teach for ends which were afterwards made publick and excellent Jesus therefore as he walked by the Sea of Galilee called Simon and Andrew who knew him before by the preaching of John and now left all their ship and their net and followed him And when he was gone a little farther he calls the two sons of Zebedee James and John and they went after him And with this family he goes up and down the whole Galilee preaching the Gospel of the Kingdom healing all manner of diseases curing Demoniacks cleansing Lepers and giving strength to Paralyticks and lame people 9. But when the people pressed on him to hear the word of God he stood by the Lake of Genesareth and presently entring into Simon 's ship commanded him to lanch into the deep and from thence he taught the people and there wrought a Miracle for being Lord of the Creatures he commanded the fishes of the sea and they obeyed For when Simon who had fished all night in vain let down his net at the command of Jesus he inclosed so great a multitude of fishes that the Net brake and the fishermen were amazed and fearful at so prodigious a draught But beyond the Miracle it was intended that a representation should be made of the plenitude of the Catholick Church and multitudes of Believers who should be taken by Simon and the rest of the Disciples whom by that Miracle he consign'd to become fishers of men who by their artifices of prudence and holy Doctrine might gain Souls to God that when the Net should be drawn to shore and separation made by the Angels they and their Disciples might be differenced from the reprobate portion 10. But the light of the Sun uses not to be confined to a Province or a Kingdom so great a Prophet and so divine a Physician and so great Miracles created a same loud as thunder but not so full of sadness and presage Immediately the fame of Jesus went into all Syria and there came to him multitudes from Galilee Decapolis Jerusalem and Judaea And all that had any sick with divers deseases brought them to him and he laid his hands on every one of them and healed them And when he cured the Lunaticks and persons possessed with evil spirits the Devils cried out and confessed him to be CHRIST the Son of God but he suffered them not chusing rather to work Faith in the perswasions of his Disciples by moral arguments and the placid demonstrations of the Spirit that there might in Faith be an excellency in proportion to the choice and that it might not be made violent by the conviction and forced testimonies of accursed and unwilling spirits 11. But when Jesus saw his assembly was grown full and his audience numerous he went up into a mountain and when his Disciples came unto him he made that admirable Sermon called the Sermon upon the Mount which is a Divine repository of such excellent Truths and mysterious Dictates of secret Theology that contains a Breviary of all those Precepts which integrate the Morality of Christian Religion pressing the Moral Precepts given by Moses and enlarging their obligation by a stricter sence and more severe exposition that their righteousness might exceed the righteousness of the Scribes and Pharisees preaches Perfection and the doctrines of Meekness Poverty of spirit Christian mourning desire of holy things Mercy and Purity Peace and toleration of injuries affixing a special promise of blessing to be the guerdon and inheritance of those Graces and spiritual excellencies He explicates some parts of the Decalogue and adds appendices and precepts of his own He teaches his Disciples to Pray how to Fast how to give Alms contempt of the world not to judge others forgiving injuries an indifferency and incuriousness of temporal provisions and a seeking of the Kingdom of God and its appendent righteousness 12. When Jesus had finished his Sermon and descended from the mountain a poor leprous person came and worshipped and begged to be cleansed which Jesus soon granted engaging him not to publish it where he should go abroad but sending him to the Priest to offer an oblation according to the Rites of Moses's Law and then came directly to Capernaum and taught in their Synagogues upon the Sabbath-days where in his Sermons he expressed the dignity of a Prophet and the authority of a person sent from God not inviting the people by the soft arguments and insinuations of Scribes and Pharisees but by demonstrations and issues of Divinity There he cures a Demoniack in one of their Synagogues and by and by after going abroad he heals Peter's wives 〈◊〉 of a Fever insomuch that he grew the talk of all men and their wonder till they flocked so to him to see him to hear him to satisfie their curiosity and their needs that after he had healed those multitudes which beset the house of Simon where he cured his Mother of the Fever he retired himself into a desert place very early in the morning that he might have an opportunity to pray free from the oppressions and noises of the multitude 13. But neither so could he be hid but like a light shining by the fringes of a curtain he was soon discovered in his solitude for the multitude found him out imprisoning him in their circuits and undeniable attendances But Jesus told them plainly he must preach the Gospel to other Cities also and therefore resolved to pass to the other side of the Lake of Genesareth so to quit the throng Whither as he was going a Scribe offered himself a Disciple to his Institution till Jesus told him his condition to be worse than foxes and birds for whom an habitation is provided but none for him no not a place where to bow his head and find rest And what became of this forward Professor afterward we find not Others that were Probationers of this fellowship Jesus bound to a speedy profession not suffering one to go home to bid his Friends farewell nor another so much as to bury his dead 14. By the time Jesus got to the Ship it was late and
recovery and the same sacrifice of Christ hath its power over us Christ is in his possession though he be disturbed but then our restitution consists upon the only condition of a renovation of our integrity as are the degrees of our Innocence so are our degrees of Confidence 23. Now because the intermedial state is divisible various successive and alterable so also is our condition of Pardon Our flesh shall no more return as that of a little child our wounds shall never be perfectly cured but a scar and pain and danger of a relapse shall for ever afflict us our sins shall be pardoned by parts and degrees to uncertain purposes but with certain danger of being recalled again and the Pardon shall never be 〈◊〉 till that day in which all things have their consummation 24. And this is evident to have been God's usual dealing with all those upon whom his Name is called God pardoned David's sins of Adultery and Murther but the Pardon was but to a certain degree and in a limited expression God hath taken away thy sin thou shalt not die but this Pardon was as imperfect as his condition was Nevertheless the child that is born unto thee that shall die Thus God pardoned the Israelites at the importunity of Moses and yet threatned to visit that sin upon them in the day of Visitation And so it is in Christianity when once we have broke and discomposed the golden chain of Vocation Election and Justification which are intire links and methodical periods of our happiness when we first give up our names to Christ for ever after our condition is imperfect we have broken our Covenant and we must be saved by the excrescencies and overflowings of mercy Our whole endeavour must be to be reduced to the state of our Baptismal innocence and integrity because in that the Covenant was established And since our life is full of defailances and all our endeavours can never make us such as Christ made us and yet upon that condition our hopes of happiness were established I mean of remaining such as he had made us as are the degrees of our Restitution and access to the first federal condition so also are the degrees of our Pardon but as it is always in imperfection during this life and subject to change and defailance so also are the hopes of our felicity never certain till we are taken from all danger never perfect till all that is imperfect in us is done away 25. And therefore in the present condition of things our pardon was properly expressed by David and S. Paul by a covering and a not imputing For because the body of sin dies visibly and fights perpetually and disputes with hopes of victory and may also prevail all this life is a condition of suspense our sin is rather covered than properly pardoned God's wrath is suspended not satisfied the sin is not to all purposes of anger imputed but yet is in some sence remanent or at least lies ready at the door Our condition is a state of Imperfection and every degree of imperfection brings a degree of Recession from the state Christ put us in and every recession from our Innocence is also an abatement of our Confidence the anger of God hovers over our head and breaks out into temporal Judgments and he retracts them again and threatens worse according as we approach to or retire from that first Innocence which was the first entertainment of a Christian and the Crown of the Evangelical Covenant Upon that we entertained the mercies of Redemption and God established it upon such an Obedience which is a constant perpetual and universal sincerity and endeavour and as we perform our part so God verifies his and not only gives a great assistance by the perpetual influences of his Holy Spirit by which we are consigned to the day of Redemption but also takes an account of Obedience not according to the standard of the Law and an exact scrutiny but by an Evangelical proportion in which we are on one side looked upon as persons already redeemed and assisted and therefore highly engaged and on the other side as compassed about with infirmities and enemies and therefore much pitied So that as at first our Calling and Election is presently good and shall remain so if we make it sure so if we once prevaricate it we are rendred then full of hazard difficulty and uncertainty and we must with pains and sedulity work out our Salvation with fear and trembling first by preventing a fall or afterwards by returning to that excellent condition from whence we have departed 26. But although the pardon of sins after Baptism be during this life difficult imperfect and revocable yet because it is to great effects for the present and in order to a complete Pardon in the day of Judgment we are next to enquire what are the parts of duty to which we are obliged after such prevarications which usually interrupt the state of Baptismal innocence and the life of the Spirit S. John gives this account If we say we have fellowship with God and walk in darkness we lie and do not the truth But if we walk in the light as he is in the light we have communion one with another and the bloud of Jesus cleanseth us from all sin This state of duty S. Paul calls a casting off the works of darkness a putting on the armour of light a walking honestly a putting on the Lord Jesus Christ. And to it he confronts making provision for the flesh to fulfill the lusts thereof S. Peter describing the duty of a Christian relates the proportion of it as high as the first precedent even God himself As he which hath called you is holy so be ye holy in all manner of conversation Not fashioning your selves according to the former lusts And again Seeing then that all these things shall be dissolved what manner of persons ought we to be in all holy conversation and godliness And S. John with the same severity and perfection Every one that hath this hope that is every one who either does not or hath no reason to despair purifieth himself even as God is pure meaning that he is pure by a Divine purity which God hath prescribed as an imitation of his Holiness according to our capacities and possibilities That Purity must needs be a laying aside all malice and guile and hypocrisies and envies and evil speakings so S. Peter expresses it a laying aside every weight and the sin that does so easily beset us so S. Paul This is to walk in the light as he is in the light for in him is no darkness at all which we have then imitated when we have escaped the corruption that is in the world through lusts that is so as we are not held by them that we take them for our enemies for the object and party of our contestation and spiritual
no-where punctually described he that is most severe in his determination does best secure himself and by exacting the strictest account of himself shall obtain the easier scrutiny at the hands of God The use I make of this consideration is to the same purpose with the former For if every day of sin and every criminal act is a degree of recess from the possibilities of Heaven it would be considered at how great distance a death-bed Penitent after a vicious life may apprehend himself to stand for mercy and pardon and since the terms of restitution must in labour and in extension of time or intension of degrees be of value great enough to restore him to some proportion or equivalence with that state of Grace from whence he is fallen and upon which the Covenant was made with him how impossible or how near to impossible it will appear to him to go so far and do so much in that state and in those circumstances of disability 32. Concerning the third particular I consider that Repentance as it is described in Scripture is a system of holy Duties not of one kind not properly consisting of parts as if it were a single Grace but it is the reparation of that estate into which Christ first put us a renewing us in the spirit of our mind so the Apostle calls it and the Holy Ghost hath taught this truth to us by the implication of many appellatives and also by express discourses For there is in Scripture a Repentance to be repented of and a Repentance never to be repented of The first is mere Sorrow for what is past an ineffective trouble producing nothing good such as was the Repentance of Judas he repented and hanged himself and such was that of Esau when it was too late and so was the Repentance of the five foolish Virgins which examples tell us also when ours is an impertinent and ineffectual Repentance To this Repentance Pardon is nowhere promised in Scripture But there is a Repentance which is called Conversion or Amendment of life a Repentance productive of holy fruits such as the Baptist and our Blessed Saviour preached such as himself also propounded in the example of the Ninivites they repented at the preaching of Jonah that is they fasted they covered them in sackcloth they cried mightily unto God yea they turned every one from his evil way and from the violence that was in their hands And this was it that appeased God in that instance God saw their works that they turned from their evil way and God repented of the evil and did it not 33. The same Character of Repentance we find in the Prophet Ezekiel When the wicked man turneth away from his wickedness that he hath committed and doth that which is lawful and right If the wicked restore the pledge give again that he had robbed walk in the statutes of life without committing iniquity he hath done that which is lawful and right he shall surely live he shall not die And in the Gospel Repentance is described with as full and intire comprehensions as in the old Prophets For Faith and Repentance are the whole duty of the Gospel Faith when it is in conjunction with a practical grace signifies an intellectual Faith signifies the submission of the understanding to the Institution and Repentance includes all that whole practice which is the intire duty of a Christian after he hath been overtaken in a fault And therefore Repentance first includes a renunciation and abolition of all evil and then also enjoyns a pursuit of every vertue and that till they arrive at an habitual confirmation 34. Of the first sence are all those expressions of Scripture which imply Repentance to be the deletery of sins Repentance from dead works S. Paul affirms to be the prime Fundamental of the Religion that is conversion or returning from dead works for unless Repentance be so construed it is not good sence And this is therefore highly verified because Repentance is intended to set us into the condition of our first undertaking and articles covenanted with God And therefore it is a redemption of the time that is a recovering what we lost and making it up by our doubled industry Remember whence thou art fallen repent that is return and do thy first works said the Spirit to the Angel of the Church of Ephesus or else I will remove the Candlestick except thou repent It is a restitution If a man be overtaken in a fault restore such a one that is put him where he was And then that Repentance also implies a doing all good is certain by the Sermon of the Baptist Bring forth fruits meet for Repentance Do thy first works was the Sermon of the Spirit Laying aside every weight and the sin that easily encircles us let us run with patience the race that is set before us So S. Paul taught And S. Peter gives charge that when we have escaped the corruptions of the world and of lusts besides this we give all diligence to acquire the rosary and conjugation of Christian vertues And they are proper effects or rather constituent parts of a holy Repentance For godly sorrow worketh Repentance saith S. Paul not to be repented of and that ye may know what is signified by Repentance behold the product was carefulness clearing of themselves indignation fear vehement desires zeal and revenge to which if we add the Epithet of holy for these were the results of a godly sorrow and the members of a Repentance not to be repented of we are taught that Repentance besides the purging out the malice of iniquity is also a sanctification of the whole man a turning Nature into Grace Passions into Reason and the flesh into spirit 35. To this purpose I reckon those Phrases of Scripture calling it a renewing of our minds a renewing of the Holy Ghost a cleansing of our hands and purifying our hearts that is a becoming holy in our affections and righteous in our actions a a transformation or utter change a crucifying the flesh with the affections and lusts a mortified state a purging out the old leven and becoming a new conspersion a waking out of sleep and walking honestly as in the day a being born again and being born from above a new life And I consider that these preparative actions of Repentance such as are Sorrow and Confession of sins and Fasting and exteriour Mortifications and severities are but fore-runners of Repentance some of the retinue and they are of the family but they no more complete the duty of Repentance than the harbingers are the whole Court or than the Fingers are all the body There is more joy in Heaven said our Blessed Saviour over one sinner that repenteth than over ninety nine just persons who need no repentance There is no man but needs a tear and a sorrow even for
as all our happiness consists so God takes greatest complacency and delights in it above all his other Works He punishes to the third and fourth Generation but shews mercy unto thousands Therefore the Jews say that Michael 〈◊〉 with one wing and Gabriel with two meaning that the pacifying Angel the Minister of mercy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but the exterminating Angel the Messenger of wrath is slow And we are called to our approximation to God by the practice of this Grace we are made partakers of the Divine nature by being merciful as our heavenly Father is merciful This mercy consists in the affections and in the effects and actions In both which the excellency of this Christian Precept is eminent above the goodness of the moral precept of the old Philosophers and the piety and charity of the Jews by virtue of the Mosaic Law The Stoick Philosophers affirm it to be the duty of a wise man to succour and help the necessities of indigent and miserable persons but at no hand to pity them or suffer any trouble or compassion in our affections for they intended that a wise person should be dispassionate unmoved and without disturbance in every accident and object and concernment But the Blessed Jesus who came to reconcile us to his Father and purchase us an intire possession did intend to redeem us from sin and make our passions obedient and apt to be commanded even and moderate in temporal affairs but high and active in some instances of spiritual concernment and in all instances that the affection go along with the Grace that we must be as merciful in our compassion as compassionate in our exteriour expressions and actions The Jews by the prescript of their Law were to be merciful to all their Nation and confederates in Religion and this their Mercy was called Justice He hath dispersed abroad and given to the poor his righteousness or Justice 〈◊〉 for ever But the mercies of a Christian are to extend to all Do good to all men especially to the houshold of Faith And this diffusion of a Mercy not only to Brethren but to Aliens and Enemies is that which S. Paul calls goodness still retaining the old appellative for Judaical mercy 〈◊〉 For scarcely for a 〈◊〉 man will one die yet peradventure for a good man some will even dare to die So that the Christian Mercy must be a mercy of the whole man the heart must be merciful and the hand operating in the labour of love and it must be extended to all persons of all capacities according as their necessity requires and our ability permits and our endearments and other obligations dispose of and determine the order 14. The acts of this Grace are 1. To pity the miseries of all persons and all calamities spiritual or temporal having a fellow-feeling in their afflictions 2. To be afflicted and sad in the publick Judgments imminent or incumbent upon a Church or State or Family 3. To pray to God for remedy for all afflicted persons 4. To do all acts of bodily assistence to all miserable and distressed people to relieve the Poor to redeem Captives to forgive Debts to disabled persons to pay Debts for them to lend them mony to feed the hungry and clothe the naked to rescue persons from dangers to defend and relieve the oppressed to comfort widows and fatherless children to help them to right that suffer wrong and in brief to do any thing of relief support succour and comfort 5. To do all acts of spiritual 〈◊〉 to counsel the doubtful to admonish the erring to strengthen the weak to resolve the scrupulous to teach the ignorant and any thing else which may be instrumental to his Conversion Perseverance Restitution and Salvation or may rescue him from spiritual dangers or supply him in any ghostly necessity The reward of this Vertue is symbolical to the Vertue it self the grace and glory differing in nothing but degrees and every vertue being a reward to it self The merciful shall receive mercy mercy to help them in time of need mercy from God who will not only give them the great mercies of Pardon and Eternity but also dispose the hearts of others to pity and supply their needs as they have done to others For the present there is nothing more noble than to be beneficial to others and to lift up the poor 〈◊〉 of the mire and rescue them from misery it is to do the work of God and for the future nothing is a greater title to a mercy at the Day of Judgment than to have shewed mercy to our necessitous Brother it being expressed to be the only rule and instance in which Christ means to judge the world in their Mercy and Charity or their Unmercifulness respectively I was hungry and ye fed me or ye fed me not and so we stand or fall in the great and eternal scrutiny And it was the prayer of Saint Paul Onesiphorus shewed kindness to the great Apostle The Lord shew him a mercy in that day For a cup of charity though but full of cold water shall not lose its reward 15. Sixthly Blessed are the Pure 〈◊〉 heart for they shall see God This purity of heart includes purity of hands Lord who shall dwell in thy Tabernacle even he that is of clean hands and a pure heart that is he that hath not given his mind unto vanity nor sworn to deceive his Neighbour It signifies justice of action and candour of spirit innocence of manners and sincerity of purpose it is one of those great circumstances that consummates Charity For the end of the Commandment is Charity out of a pure heart and of a good Conscience and Faith unfeigned that is a heart free from all carnal affections not only in the matter of natural impurity but also spiritual and immaterial such as are Heresies which are theresore impurities because they mingle secular interest or prejudice with perswasions in Religion Seditions hurtful and impious Stratagems and all those which S. Paul enumerates to be works or fruits of the flesh A good Conscience that 's a Conscience either innocent or penitent a state of Grace 〈◊〉 a not having prevaricated or a being restored to our Baptismal purity Faith unfeigned that also is the purity of Sincerity and excludes Hypocrisie timorous and half perswasions neutrality and indifferency in matters of Salvation And all these do integrate the whole duty of Charity But Purity as it is a special Grace signifies only honesty and uprightness of Soul without hypocrisie to God and dissimulation towards men and then a freedom from all carnal desires so as not to be governed or led by them Chastity is the purity of the body Simplicity is the purity of the spirit both are the Sanctification of the whole Man for the entertainment of the Spirit of Purity and the Spirit of Truth 16. The acts of this Vertue are 1. To quit all Lustful thoughts not to take delight in
not absolutely priviledg'd from failures and miscarriages in their lives these being of more personal and private consideration yet were they infallible in their Doctrine this being a matter whereupon the salvation and eternal interests of men did depend And for this end they had the spirit of truth promised to them who should guide them into all truth Under the conduct of this unerring Guide they all steer'd the same course taught and spake the same things though at different times and in distant places and for what was consign'd to writing all Scripture was given by inspiration of God and the holy men spake not but as they were moved by the Holy Ghost Hence that exact and admirable harmony that is in all their writings and relations as being all equally dictated by the same spirit of truth Thirdly They had been eye-witnesses of all the material passages of our Saviour's life continually conversant with him from the commencing of his publick ministery till his ascension into heaven they had survey'd all his actions seen all his miracles observ'd the whole method of his conversation and some of them attended him in his most private solitudes and retirements And this could not but be a very rational satisfaction to the minds of men when the publishers of the Gospel solemnly declared to the world that they reported nothing concerning our Saviour but what they had seen with their own eyes and of the truth whereof they were as competent Judges as the acutest Philosopher in the world Nor could there be any just 〈◊〉 to suspect that they impos'd upon men in what they delivered for besides their naked plainness and simplicity in all other passages of their lives they chearfully submitted to the most exquisire hardships tortures and sufferings meerly to attest the truth of what they published to the World Next to the evidence of our own senses no testimony is more valid and forcible than his who relates what himself has seen Upon this account our Lord told his Apostles that they should be witnesses to him both in Judaea and Samaria and to the uttermost parts of the earth And so necessary a qualification of an Apostle was this thought to be that it was almost the only condition propounded in the choice of a new Apostle after the fall of Judas Wherefore says Peter of these men which have companied with us all the time that the Lord Jesus went 〈◊〉 and out among us beginning from the Baptism of John unto the same day that he was taken up from us must one be ordained to be a witness with us of his 〈◊〉 Accordingly we find the Apostles constantly making use of this argument as the most rational evidence to convince those whom they had to deal with We are witnesses of all things which Jesus did both in the Land of the Jews and in Jerusalem whom they slew and hanged on a tree Him God raised up the third day and shewed him openly not to all the people but unto witnesses chosen 〈◊〉 of God even to us who did eat and drink with him after he rose from the dead And he commanded us to preach unto the people and to testifie that it is he that is ordained of God to be Judge of the quick and dead Thus S. John after the same way of arguing appeals to sensible demonstration That which was from the beginning which we have heard which we have seen with our eyes which we have look'd upon and our hands have handled of the word of life For the life was manifested and we have seen it and bear witness and shew unto you that cternal life which was with the Father and was manifested unto us That which we have seen and heard declare we unto you that ye also may have fellowship with us This to name no more S. Peter thought a sufficient vindication of the Apostolical doctrine from the suspicion of forgery and imposture We have not followed cunningly devised fables when we made known unto you the power and coming of our Lord Jesus Christ but were eye-witnesses of his majesty God had frequently given testimony to the divinity of our blessed Saviour by visible manifestations and appearances from Heaven and particularly by an audible voice This is my beloved Son in whom I am well pleased Now this Voice which came from Heaven says he we heard when we were with him in the holy Mount IX Fourthly The Apostles were invested with a power of working Miracles as the readiest means to procure their Religion a firm belief and entertainment in the minds of men For Miracles are the great confirmation of the truth of any doctrine and the most rational evidence of a divine commission For seeing God only can create and controll the Laws of nature produce something out of nothing and call things that are not as if they were give eyes to them that were born blind raise the dead c. things plainly beyond all possible powers of nature no man that believes the wisdom and goodness of an infinite being can suppose that this God of truth should affix his seal to a lye or communicate this power to any that would abuse it to confirm and countenance delusions and impostures Nicodemus his reasoning was very plain and convictive when he concludes that Christ must needs be a teacher come from God for that no man could do those Miracles that he did except God were with him The force of which argument lies here that nothing but a Divine power can work Miracles and that Almighty God cannot be supposed miraculously to assist any but those whom he himself sends upon his own errand The stupid and barbarous Lycaonians when they beheld the Man who had been a Cripple from his Mothers womb cured by S. Paul in an instant only with the speaking of a word saw that there was something in it more than humane and therefore concluded that the Gods were come down to them in the likeness of men Upon this account S. Paul reckons Miracles among the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the signs and evidences of an Apostle whom therefore Chrysostom brings in elegantly pleading for himself that though he could not shew as the signs of his Priesthood and Ministry long Robes and gaudy Vestments with Bells sounding at their borders as the Aaronical Priests did of old though he had no golden Crowns or holy Mitres yet could he produce what was infinitely more venerable and regardable than all these unquestionable Signs and Miracles he came not with Altars and Oblations with a number of strange and symbolick Rites but what was greater raised the dead cast out Devils cured the blind healed the lame making the Gentiles obedient by word and deed thorough many signs and wonders wrought by the power of the spirit of God These were the things that clearly shewed that their mission and ministry was not from men nor taken up of their own heads but that they
passage let the first hold his peace for ye may all all that have this gift prophesie one by one that so thus orderly proceeding all may learn and all may be comforted Nor can the 〈◊〉 pretend that this interruption is an unseasonable check to his revelation seeing he may command himself for though among the Gentiles the prophetick and 〈◊〉 impulse did so violently press upon the inspired Person that he could not govern himself yet in the Church of God the spirits of the Prophets are subject to the Prophets may be so ruled and restrained by them as to make way for others This order of Christian Prophets considered as a distinct Ministery by it self is constantly placed next to the Apostolical Office and is frequently by Saint Paul preferred before any other spiritual Gifts then bestowed upon the Church When this spirit of Prophecy ceased in the Christian Church we cannot certainly finde It continued some competent time beyond the Apostolick Age. Justin Martyr expresly tells Trypho the Jew 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the gifts of Prophecy are even yet extant among us an argument as he there tells him that those things which had of old been the great Priviledges of their Church were now translated into the Christian Church And 〈◊〉 speaking of a Revelation made to one Alcibiades who lived about the time of Irenaeus adds that the Divine Grace had not withdrawn its Presence from the Church but that they still had the Holy Ghost as their Councellor to direct them XI Secondly They had the gift of discerning spirits whereby they were enabled to discover the truth or falshood of mens pretences whether their gifts were real or counterfeit and their persons truly inspired or not For many men acted only by diabolical impulses might entitle themselves to Divine inspirations and others might be imposed upon by their delusions and mistake their dreams and fancies for the Spirits dictates and revelations or might so subtilly and artificially counterfeit revelations that they might with most pass for currant especially in those times when these supernatural gifts were so common and ordinary and our Lord himself had 〈◊〉 told them that false Prophets would arise and that many would confidently plead for themselves before him that they had prophesied in his name That therefore the Church might not be imposed upon God was pleased to endue the Apostles and it may be some others with an immediate faculty of discerning the Chaffe from the Wheat true from false Prophets nay to know when the true Prophets delivered the revelations of the Spirit and when they expressed only their own conceptions This was a mighty priviledge but yet seems to me to have extended farther to judge of the sincerity or hypocrisie of mens hearts in the profession of Religion that so bad men being discovered suitable censures and punishments might be passed upon them and others cautioned to avoid them Thus Peter at first sight discovered Ananias and Saphira and the rotten hypocrisie of their intentions before there was any external evidence in the case and told Simon Magus though baptized before upon his embracing Christianity that his heart was not right in the sight of God for I perceive says he that thou art in the gall of bitterness and in the bond of iniquity Thirdly the Apostles had the gift of Tongues furnished with variety of utterance able to speak on a sudden several languages which they had never learnt as occasion was administred and the exigences of persons and Nations with whom they conversed did require For the 〈◊〉 being principally designed to convert the world and to plant Christianity in all Countries and Nations it was absolutely necessary that they should be able readily to express their minds in the Languages of those Countries to which they addressed themselves seeing otherwise it would have been a work of time and difficulty and not consistent with the term of the Apostles lives had they been first to learn the different Languages of those Nations before they could have preached the Gospel to them Hence this gift was diffused upon the Apostles in larger measures and proportions than upon other men I speak with Tongues more than you all says S. Paul that is than all the gifted persons in the Church of Corinth Our Lord had told the Apostles before his departure from them that they should be endued with power from on high which upon the day of Pentecost was particularly made good in this instance when in a moment they were enabled to speak almost all the Languages of the then known World and this as a specimen and first-fruits of the rest of those miraculous powers that were conferr'd upon them XII A fourth gift was that of Interpretation or unfolding to others what had been delivered in an unknown tongue For the Christian Assemblies in those days were frequently made up of men of different Nations and who could not understand what the Apostles or others had spoken to the Congregation this God supplied by this gift of interpretation enabling some to interpret what others did not understand and to speak it to them in their own native language S. Paul largely discourses the necessity of this gift in order to the instructing and edifying of the Church seeing without it their meetings could be no better than the Assembly at Babel after the confusion of Languages where one man must needs be a Barbarian to another and all the praying and preaching of the Minister of the Assembly be to many altogether fruitless and unprofitable and no better than a speaking into the Air. What 's the speaking though with the tongue of Angels to them that do not understand it How can the Idiot and unlearned say Amen who understands not the language of him that giveth thanks The duty may be done with admirable quaintness and accuracy but what 's he the better from whom 't is lock'd up in an unknown tongue A consideration that made the Apostle solemnly profess that he had rather speak five words in the Church with his understanding that by his voice he may teach others also than ten thousand words in an unknown tongue Therefore if any man speak in an unknown tongue let it be but by two or at most by three and let one interpret what the rest have spoken but if there be no interpreter none present able to do this let him keep silence in the Church and speak to himself and to God A man that impartially reads this discourse of the Apostle may wonder how the Church of Rome in defiance of it can so openly practise so confidently defend their Bible and Divine Services in an unknown tongue so flatly repugnant to the dictates of common reason the usage of the first Christian Church and these plain Apostolical commands But this is not the only instance wherein that Church has departed both from Scripture Reason and the practice of the first and purest Ages of
Eusebius tells us 't was not received by many because rejected by the Church of Rome as none of S. Paul's genuine Epistles Origen affirms the style and phrase of it to be more fine and elegant and to contain in it a richer vein of purer Greek than is usually found in S. Paul's Epistles as every one that is able to judge of a style must needs confess That the sentences indeed are grave and weighty and such as breath the Spirit and Majesty of an Apostle That therefore 't was his judgment that the matter contained in it had been dictated by some Apostle but that it had been put into phrase form and order by some other person that did attend upon him That if any Church owned it for S. Paul's they were not to be condemned it not being without reason by the Ancients ascribed to him though God only knew who was the true Author of it He further tells us that report had handed it down to his time that it had been composed partly by Clemens of Rome partly by Luke the Evangelist Tertullian adds that it was writ by Barnabas What seems most likely in such variety of opinions is that S. Paul originally wrote it in Hebrew it being to be sent to the Jews his Country-men and by some other person probably S. Luke or Clemens Romanus translated into Greek Especially since both Eusebius and S. Hierom observed of old such a great affinity both in style and sence between this and Clement's Epistle to the Corinthians as thence positively to conclude him to be the Translator of it 'T was written as we may conjecture a little after he was restored to his liberty and probably while he was yet in some parts of Italy whence he dates his salutations The main design of it is to magnifie Christ and the Religion of the Gospel above Moses and the Jewish Oeconomy and Ministration that by this means he might the better 〈◊〉 and confirm the convert-Jews in the firm belief and profession of Christianity notwithstanding those sufferings and persecutions that came upon them endeavouring throughout to arm and 〈◊〉 them against Apostasie from that noble and excellent Religion wherein they had so happily engaged themselves And great need there was for the Apostle severely to urge them to it heavy persecutions both from Jews and Gentiles pressing in upon them on every side besides those trains of specious and plausible 〈◊〉 that were laid to reduce them to their Ancient Institutions Hence the Apostle calls Apostasie the sin which did so easily beset them to which there were such frequent temptations and into which they were so prone to be betrayed in those suffering times And the more to deter them from it he once and again sets before them the dreadful state and condition of Apostates those who having been once enlightned and baptized into the Christian Faith tasted the promises of the Gospel and been made partakers of the miraculous gifts of the Holy Ghost those powers which in the world to come or this new state of things were to be conferred upon the Church if after all this these men fall away and renounce Christianity it 's very hard and even impossible to renew them again unto repentance For by this means they trod under foot and crucified the Son of God afresh and put him to an open shame prophaned the bloud of the Covenant and did despite to the Spirit of Grace So that to sin thus wilfully after they had received the knowledge of the truth there could remain for them no more sacrifice for sins nothing but a certain fearful looking for of judgment and fiery indignation which should devour these adversaries And a searful thing it was in such circumstances to fall into the hands of the living God who had particularly said of this sort of sinners that if any man drew back his soul should have no pleasure in him Hence it is that every where in this Epistle he mixes exhortations to this purpose that they would give earnest heed to the things which they had heard lest at any time they should let them slip that they would hold fast the confidence and the rejoycing of the hope firm unto the end and beware lest by an evil heart of unbelief they departed from the living God that they would labour to enter into his 〈◊〉 lest any man fall after the example of unbelief that leaving the first principles of the doctrine of Christ they would go on to perfection shewing diligence to the full assurance of hope unto the end not being slothful but followers of them who through faith and patience inherit the promises that they would hold fast the profession of the faith without wavering not forsaking the assembling of themselves together as the manner of some was nor cast away their confidence which had great recompence of reward that they had need of patience that after they had done the will of God they might receive the promise that they would not be of them who drew back unto perdition but of them that believed to the saving of the Soul that being encompassed about with so great a cloud of witnesses who with the most unconquerable constancy and resolution had all holden on in the way to Heaven they would lay aside every weight and the sin which did so easily beset them and run with patience the race that was set before them especially looking unto Jesus the author and finisher of their faith who endured the cross and despised the shame that therefore they should consider him that endured such 〈◊〉 of sinners against himself lest they should be wearied and faint in their minds for that they had not yet resisted unto blood striving against sin looking diligently lest any man should fail of the grace of God lest any root of bitterness springing up should trouble them and thereby many be defiled By all which and much more that might be observed to this purpose it is evident what our Apostles great design was in this excellent Epistle 7. OUR Apostle being now after two Years custody perfectly restored to liberty remembred that he was the Apostle of the Gentiles and had therefore a larger Diocese than Rome and accordingly prepared himself for a greater Circuit though which way he directed his course is not absolutely certain By some he is said to have returned back into Greece and the parts of Asia upon no other ground that I know of than a few intimations in some of his Epistles that he intended to do so By others he is thought to have preached both in the Eastern and Western parts which is not inconsistent with the time he had after his departure from Rome But of the latter we have better evidence Sure I am an Author beyond all exception S. Paul's contemporary and Fellow-labourer I mean Clemens in his famous Epistle to the Corinthians expresly tells us that being a Preacher both in the East and