the_o pole_n that_o the_o long_a day_n of_o one_o place_n exceed_v the_o long_a day_n of_o the_o vicine_fw-la place_n which_o be_v more_o nigh_o the_o aequator_fw-la every_o where_n equal_a in_o excess_n or_o that_o the_o long_a day_n equal_o may_v increase_v pole_n of_o parallel_n between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o pole_n these_o parallel_n shall_v not_o equal_o be_v distant_a one_o from_o another_o viz_o every_o vicine_fw-la couple_n but_o these_o which_o be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la shall_v have_v a_o less_o distance_n than_o those_o more_o near_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v show_v from_o the_o precedent_n for_o if_o these_o parallel_n shall_v be_v equal_o distant_a from_o one_o another_o viz._n every_o two_o vicine_fw-la the_o quantity_n of_o the_o long_a day_n in_o these_o parallel_n will_v not_o augment_v by_o a_o equal_a increase_n as_o we_o have_v here_o show_v and_o it_o be_v now_o lay_v down_o that_o the_o place_n or_o parallel_n so_o take_v equal_o increase_n that_o the_o long_a day_n may_v equal_o increase_v in_o they_o wherefore_o every_o two_o vicine_fw-la or_o near_a parallel_n shall_v not_o so_o equal_o be_v distant_a one_o from_o another_o but_o many_o parallel_n be_v take_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o pole_n on_o this_o condition_n that_o the_o long_a day_n may_v equal_o increase_v these_o parallel_n shall_v not_o be_v equal_o distant_a from_o one_o another_o but_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o three_o from_o the_o second_o shall_v be_v lesser_a than_o the_o second_o from_o the_o first_o that_o of_o the_o four_o less_o from_o the_o three_o that_o of_o the_o five_o lesser_o from_o the_o four_o and_o so_o forward_o corollary_n and_o because_o that_o many_o of_o the_o climate_n be_v so_o take_v that_o the_o long_a day_n in_o the_o final_a parallel_n of_o the_o climate_n exceed_v the_o long_a day_n of_o the_o begin_n at_o the_o climate_n by_o half_a a_o hour_n it_o follow_v from_o this_o proposition_n that_o the_o climate_n more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v less_o broad_a or_o more_o narrow_a than_o these_o more_o near_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o latitude_n and_o magnitude_n of_o the_o climate_n decrease_v towards_o the_o pole_n hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v see_v that_o the_o climate_n at_o length_n will_v become_v very_o narrow_a towards_o the_o pole_n if_o that_o the_o same_o excess_n shall_v be_v keep_v viz._n the_o excess_n of_o half_a a_o hour_n so_o that_o geographer_n define_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o northern_a climate_n not_o by_o half_a a_o hour_n but_o first_o by_o whole_a hour_n and_o then_o by_o whole_a day_n proposition_n xi_o the_o number_n of_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o long_a day_n be_v give_v in_o any_o place_n or_o parallel_v of_o the_o earth_n to_o find_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n or_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o this_o parallel_n and_o to_o exhibit_v the_o parallel_n itself_o in_o the_o globe_n or_o to_o exhibit_v those_o place_n where_o the_o long_a day_n be_v so_o great_a cancer_n for_o the_o find_v the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n etc._n etc._n the_o long_a day_n in_o all_o northern_a place_n be_v when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o the_o long_a day_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n let_v the_o index_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o 12_o hour_n of_o the_o horary_a cycle_n let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v until_o the_o index_n show_v that_o hour_n of_o the_o cycle_n from_o which_o the_o give_a number_n of_o the_o long_a day_n be_v denominate_v and_o then_o let_v the_o point_n of_o the_o tropic_a in_o the_o meridian_n be_v note_v then_o let_v the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o oriental_a horizon_n and_o the_o meridian_n in_o the_o crena_n be_v so_o move_v to_o the_o pole_n elevate_v or_o depress_v until_o the_o other_o note_a point_n of_o the_o tropic_a be_v in_o the_o occidental_a horizon_n but_o so_o that_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n be_v yet_o in_o the_o east_n which_o be_v do_v number_n the_o degree_n of_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n for_o that_o be_v the_o seek_v for_o elevation_n or_o latitude_n of_o the_o parallel_n which_o you_o shall_v find_v in_o the_o very_a globe_n itself_o if_o you_o number_v so_o many_o degree_n in_o the_o meridian_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o pole_n and_o a_o chalk_n be_v apply_v you_o may_v turn_v round_o the_o globe_n to_o the_o term_n of_o the_o numeration_n for_o the_o describe_v parallel_n be_v that_o which_o be_v seek_v the_o probation_n of_o the_o method_n be_v easy_a proposition_n xii_o the_o number_n of_o some_o day_n be_v give_v to_o find_v out_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n or_o parallel_n and_o to_o exhibit_v the_o place_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n on_o the_o earth_n when_o the_o sun_n for_o so_o many_o day_n set_v not_o and_o for_o so_o many_o more_o arise_v not_o place_n further_n concern_v the_o latitude_n of_o place_n let_v the_o number_n of_o the_o day_n be_v divide_v in_o half_a and_o let_v so_o many_o degree_n be_v number_v in_o the_o ecliptic_a from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n as_o that_o divide_a or_o half_a number_n be_v or_o as_o many_o unite_v as_o this_o have_v the_o numeration_n may_v be_v make_v from_o both_o part_n of_o this_o begin_n let_v the_o term_n be_v be_v note_v with_o chalk_n if_o the_o day_n be_v more_o than_o thirty_o the_o number_n of_o the_o degree_n must_v be_v take_v lesser_a than_o a_o unite_n then_o let_v this_o note_a point_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v the_o degree_n interrupt_v between_o that_o and_o the_o pole_n be_v number_v for_o these_o be_v the_o seek_v for_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n or_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n wherein_o so_o many_o day_n as_o be_v give_v the_o sun_n set_v not_o and_o in_o so_o many_o day_n rise_v not_o you_o shall_v find_v the_o very_a place_n and_o parallel_n in_o the_o globe_n if_o that_o you_o number_v the_o find_v out_o latitude_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o pole_n in_o the_o meridian_n and_o design_v the_o parallel_n by_o chaulk_n apply_v to_o the_o term._n for_o this_o be_v that_o seek_v for_o and_o it_o contain_v all_o the_o place_n seek_v for_o for_o the_o demonstration_n of_o this_o solution_n let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n find_v out_o and_o it_o will_v be_v manifest_a that_o the_o note_a degree_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a about_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n set_v not_o beneath_o the_o horizon_n but_o remain_v above_o it_o the_o sun_n therefore_o pass_v over_o these_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a set_v not_o now_o he_o pass_v through_o these_o point_n in_o so_o many_o day_n as_o be_v give_v as_o be_v apparent_a by_o the_o connstruction_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n we_o shall_v show_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o solution_n concern_v the_o day_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n do_v not_o arise_v at_o all_o in_o the_o place_n parallel_n find_v corollary_n it_o be_v easy_a therefore_o to_o find_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o those_o place_n or_o climate_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n where_o the_o long_a day_n increase_v not_o by_o hour_n but_o by_o a_o number_n of_o whole_a day_n proposition_n xiii_o to_o frame_v or_o compose_v a_o table_n of_o the_o climate_n climate_n of_o the_o make_n a_o table_n of_o the_o climate_n this_o be_v call_v a_o table_n of_o climate_n in_o which_o at_o the_o beginning_n middle_a and_o end_n of_o every_o climate_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n or_o là titude_n of_o the_o parallel_n and_o the_o very_a quantity_n of_o the_o long_a day_n be_v find_v note_v as_o also_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o climate_n or_o distance_n of_o the_o parallel_n the_o construction_n be_v easy_a for_o from_o the_o order_n of_o the_o climate_n the_o quantity_n for_o the_o long_a day_n for_o the_o beginning_n middle_a or_o end_n of_o every_o climate_n be_v find_v by_o add_v ¼_n of_o a_o hour_n to_o twelve_o hour_n by_o a_o continual_a succession_n then_o from_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o long_a day_n of_o every_o parallel_n be_v find_v out_o the_o elevation_n or_o latitude_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o every_o one_o of_o they_o according_a to_o the_o xi_o proposition_n last_o you_o have_v the_o interval_n or_o latitude_n of_o the_o climate_n if_o you_o take_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o beginning_n parallel_n from_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o end_a parallel_n all_o these_o be_v note_v in_o the_o table_n we_o shall_v have_v a_o table_n of_o the_o climate_n which_o i_o have_v hereunto_o annex_v a_o table_n of_o the_o climate_n and_o parallel_n climate_n
definition_n spring_n summer_n autumn_n and_o winter_n may_v be_v attribute_v to_o all_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n neither_o be_v it_o easy_a to_o find_v out_o any_o other_o mode_n of_o define_v they_o so_o that_o they_o may_v agree_v with_o all_o place_n now_o these_o definition_n be_v lay_v down_o let_v we_o come_v to_o the_o matter_n itself_o proposition_n iii_o the_o celestial_a summer_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n and_o the_o pole_n arctic_a begin_v with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n viz._n the_o 21_o of_o june_n and_o end_n with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o libra_n viz._n the_o 21_o of_o september_n and_o that_o together_o at_o once_o in_o all_o those_o place_n so_o that_o autumn_n be_v in_o those_o place_n the_o sun_n go_v from_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n unto_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n the_o winter_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n to_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n the_o spring_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o aries_n unto_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n year_n further_o concern_v the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v easy_o show_v by_o the_o antecedent_n definition_n and_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v on_o the_o globe_n and_o in_o universal_a map_n for_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n have_v the_o least_o distance_n in_o the_o meridies_n from_o the_o vertex_n of_o every_o one_o of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o northern_a temperate_a and_o frigid_a zone_n after_o the_o same_o mode_n the_o sun_n in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o libra_n have_v a_o moderate_a distance_n from_o those_o vertex_n in_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n a_o great_a in_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n a_o moderate_a and_o he_o ascend_v to_o a_o more_o great_a which_o be_v apparent_a both_o from_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o from_o the_o globe_n and_o map_n therefore_o it_o be_v infer_v by_o the_o definition_n lay_v down_o before_o that_o the_o summer_n the_o winter_n and_o the_o spring_n of_o those_o place_n begin_z and_o end_v in_o those_o day_n we_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o summer_n of_o those_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n and_o the_o antarctic_a pole_n or_o those_o of_o the_o southern_a zone_n temperate_a and_o frigid_a begin_v with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n viz._n 21_o of_o december_n and_o end_n with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n viz._n the_o 21_o of_o march._n the_o autumn_n of_o those_o place_n begin_v with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n and_o end_n with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n viz._n the_o 21_o of_o june_n with_o this_o the_o winter_n of_o those_o place_n begin_v which_o end_v with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n viz._n 21_o of_o september_n and_o with_o this_o their_o spring_n begin_v and_o end_v with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n viz._n 21_o of_o december_n where_o the_o summer_n begin_v again_o these_o be_v show_v after_o the_o same_o mode_n by_o the_o definition_n deliver_v and_o by_o the_o globe_n or_o map_n by_o which_o we_o show_v the_o former_a because_o in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o capricorn_n the_o sun_n have_v the_o least_o distance_n from_o the_o vertex_n of_o those_o place_n in_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n a_o moderate_a and_o descend_v to_o the_o less_o in_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n the_o great_a in_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n a_o moderate_a and_o ascend_v to_o a_o great_a but_o the_o celestial_a summer_n spring_n autumn_n and_o winter_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n between_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n do_v not_o begin_v on_o one_o and_o the_o same_o day_n of_o the_o year_n but_o on_o divers_a day_n in_o every_o place_n of_o diverse_a parallel_n or_o of_o a_o diverse_a latitude_n of_o this_o zone_n now_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v threefold_a viz._n the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o northern_a place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o the_o southern_a place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n 1._o the_o place_n lie_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la have_v this_o peculiar_a to_o they_o that_o they_o enjoy_v two_o summer_n two_o winter_n two_o spring_n season_n and_o two_o autumn_n and_o that_o in_o every_o year_n so_o that_o in_o half_a a_o year_n they_o have_v or_o aught_o to_o have_v those_o four_o season_n according_a to_o our_o definition_n and_o the_o celestial_a law_n they_o have_v again_o the_o same_o four_o season_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n september_n half_n a_o year_n be_v from_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n viz._n one_o summer_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o aries_n to_o the_o second_o of_o taurus_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n to_o the_o 22_o of_o april_n autumn_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o taurus_n to_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n from_o the_o 22_o of_o april_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n zodiac_n the_o motion_n of_o â—he_n sun_n in_o the_o 12_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n winter_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n to_o the_o second_o of_o leo_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n to_o the_o 19_o of_o august_n the_o spring_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o 28_o degree_n of_o leo_n to_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n from_o the_o 19_o of_o august_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n the_o other_o summer_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o libra_n to_o the_o second_o of_o scorpio_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n to_o the_o 22_o of_o october_n the_o other_o autumn_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o scorpio_n to_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n from_o the_o 22_o of_o october_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o december_n the_o other_o winter_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o capricorn_n to_o the_o 28_o of_o aquarius_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o december_n to_o the_o 19_o of_o february_n the_o other_o spring_n be_v whilst_o the_o sun_n do_v move_v from_o the_o 28_o degree_n of_o aquarius_n to_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n from_o the_o 19_o of_o february_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o march._n all_o these_o be_v easy_o demonstrate_v from_o the_o definition_n lay_v down_o because_o that_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o aries_n and_o in_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n have_v the_o less_o distance_n in_o the_o meridies_n from_o the_o vertices_fw-la of_o the_o place_n lie_v under_o the_o aequator_fw-la for_o it_o have_v none_o because_o it_o be_v vertical_a unto_o they_o therefore_o then_o do_v the_o summer_n begin_v then_o in_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o taurus_n and_o the_o second_o of_o scorpio_n where_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v 11_o degree_n 45_o minute_n it_o acquire_v a_o mean_a distance_n depart_v to_o a_o great_a then_o therefore_o the_o autumn_n do_v begin_v moreover_o when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n and_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n he_o have_v a_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la therefore_o then_o do_v the_o winter_n begin_v final_o on_o the_o 28_o degree_n of_o leo_n and_o the_o 28_o of_o aquarius_n he_o receive_v a_o moderate_a distance_n from_o the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la 10_o degree_n 45_o minute_n ascend_v towards_o the_o least_o and_o therefore_o then_o do_v the_o spring_n season_v begin_v these_o be_v understand_v more_o perspicuous_o from_o the_o globe_n therefore_o here_o these_o season_n may_v be_v distinguish_v thus_o according_a to_o the_o celestial_a law_n notwithstanding_o the_o terrestrial_a season_n be_v in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la otherwise_o observe_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n 2._o all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n lie_v under_o the_o torrid_a northern_a zone_n have_v the_o end_n of_o the_o autumn_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o winter_n together_o both_o at_o one_o time_n viz._n the_o 21_o of_o december_n but_o they_o have_v not_o together_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n of_o the_o summer_n and_o spring_n as_o also_o the_o autumn_n but_o different_a place_n have_v they_o in_o several_a day_n season_n other_o observation_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o season_n for_o the_o end_n of_o the_o
again_o opposite_a four_o day_n of_o the_o year_n in_o two_o of_o which_o the_o sun_n shall_v obtain_v a_o middle_a distance_n from_o the_o place_n give_v if_o therefore_o the_o place_n give_v be_v north_n take_v two_o of_o those_o four_o day_n whereof_o one_o happen_v between_o the_o 21_o of_o december_n and_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n this_o shall_v be_v the_o entrance_n of_o the_o spring_n the_o other_o between_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n and_o the_o 21_o of_o december_n this_o shall_v be_v the_o entrance_n of_o autumn_n but_o if_o the_o place_n give_v be_v south_n from_o those_o four_o day_n you_o must_v take_v the_o day_n between_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n and_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n for_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o for_o the_o begin_n of_o autumn_n that_o which_o happen_v between_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n and_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n the_o beginning_n of_o winter_n shall_v be_v the_o 21_o of_o june_n if_o the_o place_n be_v south_n but_o if_o north_n the_o 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shall_v be_v equal_a or_o of_o equal_a day_n except_o some_o day_n viz._n five_o in_o which_o the_o summer_n and_o four_o in_o which_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o northern_a place_n exceed_v the_o autumn_n and_o the_o winter_n but_o in_o the_o southern_a place_n it_o be_v otherwise_o for_o autumn_n and_o winter_n exceed_v the_o spring_n and_o summer_n which_o as_o we_o have_v show_v before_o proceed_v from_o the_o excentricity_n of_o the_o sun_n 2._o in_o place_n lie_v under_o the_o aequator_fw-la there_o be_v two_o summer_n as_o also_o other_o season_n but_o hoth_v short_a as_o also_o both_o the_o spring_n viz._n each_o summer_n and_o each_o spring_n have_v only_o 32_o day_n which_o be_v 64_o day_n but_o the_o autumn_n and_o winter_n be_v long_o viz._n 55_o day_n which_o be_v 110_o day_n 3._o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n by_o how_o much_o the_o less_o they_o be_v remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o they_o have_v the_o long_a summer_n the_o 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above_o almost_o make_v up_o and_o moderate_v they_o to_o wit_n in_o the_o region_n of_o the_o northern_a temperate_a zone_n it_o be_v spring_n and_o summer_n the_o sun_n go_v from_o aries_n by_o cancer_n to_o libra_n because_o than_o he_o be_v more_o near_o they_o then_o the_o sun_n go_v from_o libra_n through_o capricorn_n to_o aries_n it_o be_v autumn_n and_o winter_n but_o in_o the_o southern_a temperate_a zone_n the_o matter_n be_v contrary_a neither_o can_v those_o other_o cause_n altogether_o disable_v the_o force_n of_o this_o first_o and_o induce_v a_o new_a course_n of_o the_o season_n and_o be_v able_a to_o alter_v the_o time_n as_o in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n 2._o yet_o those_o season_n of_o divers_a place_n vary_v so_o that_o in_o one_o place_n there_o may_v be_v more_o heat_n or_o cold_a or_o rain_v than_o in_o another_o although_o the_o place_n lie_v in_o the_o same_o climate_n but_o yet_o they_o cause_v not_o the_o winter_n to_o be_v change_v into_o summer_n or_o 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time_n the_o air_n be_v most_o grateful_a to_o they_o if_o from_o the_o 25_o of_o april_n to_o the_o 5_o of_o may_v they_o have_v no_o rain_n they_o esteem_v the_o same_o as_o ominous_a they_o count_v their_o summer_n even_o to_o the_o 16_o of_o august_n at_o which_o time_n they_o have_v a_o very_a hot_a and_o serene_a air._n their_o autumn_n from_o the_o 17_o of_o august_n to_o the_o 16_o of_o november_n and_o they_o have_v that_o for_o two_o month_n to_o wit_n august_n and_o september_n yet_o not_o great_a that_o which_o be_v include_v between_o the_o 15_o of_o august_n and_o the_o 15_o of_o september_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v term_v by_o the_o ancient_n the_o furnace_n of_o the_o whole_a year_n and_o that_o because_o it_o produce_v fig_n pear_n and_o that_o kind_a of_o fruit_n to_o maturity_n from_o the_o 15_o of_o november_n they_o reckon_v their_o winter_n which_o they_o extend_v to_o the_o 14_o of_o february_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o this_o they_o begin_v to_o till_o their_o 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even_o to_o april_n they_o have_v a_o continual_a winter_n and_o from_o april_n again_o to_o october_n they_o have_v summer_n in_o this_o there_o be_v no_o day_n in_o which_o the_o mountain_n top_n glitter_v with_o snow_n numidia_n the_o season_n of_o numidia_n in_o numidia_n the_o part_n of_o the_o year_n swift_o pass_v away_o for_o in_o may_v they_o reap_v their_o corn_n in_o october_n they_o gather_v their_o date_n but_o from_o the_o middle_n of_o september_n to_o january_n a_o violent_a frost_n continue_v october_n abstain_v from_o rains_n all_o hope_n of_o sow_v be_v take_v from_o the_o husbandman_n the_o same_o happen_v if_o that_o april_n produce_v not_o pluvial_a water_n leo_fw-la astricanus_fw-la remember_v many_o mountain_n of_o snow_n in_o africa_n not_o far_o from_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n china_n of_o china_n the_o north_n part_n of_o china_n although_o no_o more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la than_o italy_n yet_o it_o have_v a_o cold_a more_o sharp_a for_o 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these_o be_v the_o three_o sort_n of_o property_n to_o be_v declare_v in_o special_a geography_n although_o those_o terrestrial_a property_n which_o make_v up_o the_o three_o rank_n be_v not_o so_o right_o refer_v to_o geography_n but_o we_o must_v yield_v somewhat_o to_o custom_n and_o the_o profit_n of_o learner_n we_o will_v beside_o these_o join_v many_o chapter_n to_o particular_a geography_n concern_v the_o practice_n of_o geography_n but_o in_o general_n geography_n which_o we_o will_v unfold_v in_o this_o book_n first_o the_o absolute_a property_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o its_o constitution_n be_v consider_v last_o in_o the_o comparative_a part_n those_o thing_n shall_v be_v propose_v which_o be_v offer_v unto_o we_o in_o the_o compare_v one_o place_n with_o another_o the_o principle_n of_o geography_n the_o principle_n which_o geography_n use_v for_o the_o confirm_v the_o truth_n of_o her_o proposition_n be_v threefold_a 1._o geometrical_a arithmetical_a and_o 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very_o imperfect_a but_o the_o geography_n of_o the_o ancient_n be_v very_o lame_a and_o imperfect_a for_o first_o they_o know_v not_o america_n in_o the_o least_o 2._o the_o northern-land_n 3._o the_o south-land_n and_o magellan_n be_v utter_o unknown_a to_o they_o 4._o they_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v sail_v about_o or_o the_o main_a ocean_n with_o a_o continual_a trace_n do_v encompass_v it_o but_o yet_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n be_v of_o that_o opinion_n yet_o i_o utter_o deny_v they_o know_v it_o certain_o 5._o they_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v habitable_a 6._o they_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o true_a dimension_n of_o the_o earth_n although_o they_o write_v many_o thing_n in_o this_o business_n the_o excellency_n of_o geography_n first_o the_o study_n of_o geography_n be_v commend_v to_o we_o by_o the_o great_a worthiness_n thereof_o because_o it_o most_o of_o all_o become_v man_n be_v a_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o endue_v with_o reason_n above_o all_o live_a creature_n second_o it_o be_v also_o a_o pleasant_a thing_n and_o indeed_o a_o honest_a recreation_n to_o contemplate_v the_o kingdom_n and_o property_n of_o the_o earth_n three_o the_o commodity_n and_o necessity_n of_o it_o be_v notable_a insomuch_o as_o neither_o divine_n physician_n lawyer_n historian_n nor_o other_o professor_n can_v want_v the_o knowledge_n thereof_o but_o the_o excellency_n of_o geography_n have_v be_v sufficient_o handle_v i_o place_v hereunder_o a_o table_n which_o open_v the_o order_n in_o special_a geography_n to_o the_o observe_v the_o explication_n of_o single_a country_n special_a geography_n consider_v in_o every_o region_n ten_o terrestrial_a 1._o limit_n and_o circumscription_n 2._o longitude_n of_o place_n and_o situation_n 3._o figure_n 4._o magnitude_n 5._o mountain_n the_o appellation_n situation_n and_o altitude_n their_o property_n and_o thing_n contain_v in_o they_o 6._o mine_n 7._o wood_n and_o desert_n 8._o water_n the_o sea_n lakes_n marsh_n river_n their_o spring_n inlet_n tract_n and_o latitude_n the_o quantity_n of_o water_n the_o celerity_n the_o quantity_n the_o cataract_n 9_o fertility_n sterility_n and_o fruit_n 10._o the_o animal_n eight_o celestial_a 1._o the_o distance_n of_o place_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o pole_n 2._o the_o obliquity_n of_o motion_n above_o the_o horizon_n 3._o the_o quantity_n of_o day_n 4._o the_o clime_n and_o zone_n 5._o the_o heat_n the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o wind_n rain_n and_o other_o meteor_n 6._o the_o rise_n and_o stay_v of_o the_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n 7._o the_o star_n pass_v through_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n 8._o the_o celerity_n or_o quantity_n of_o their_o motion_n according_a to_o the_o hypothesis_n of_o copernicus_n ten_o human_a thing_n 1._o the_o stature_n life_n meat_n and_o drink_n and_o the_o original_a of_o the_o inhabitant_n 2._o the_o income_n art_n merchandise_n or_o traffic_n 3._o virtue_n and_o vice_n the_o genius_n and_o erudition_n 4._o
many_o place_n but_o in_o some_o in_o great_a quantity_n than_o in_o other_o malabar_n serpent_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n and_o at_o cambaja_n serpent_n be_v discover_v on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n this_o be_v a_o sign_n to_o seaman_n that_o they_o be_v near_o to_o those_o region_n about_o four_o mile_n from_o new_a spain_n many_o root_n bulrush_n and_o leave_n like_v unto_o figleaf_n float_n on_o the_o water_n which_o they_o eat_v and_o be_v in_o taste_n like_o unto_o colewort_n in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o first_o navigation_n of_o the_o dutch_a unto_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n we_o read_v that_o on_o the_o 12_o of_o january_n in_o anno_fw-la 1599_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n not_o far_o from_o the_o silver-river_n or_o rio_n de_fw-fr laplata_fw-la in_o brasil_n appear_v of_o a_o red_a and_o bloody_a colour_n but_o be_v draw_v up_o in_o a_o bucket_n or_o the_o like_a when_o that_o they_o have_v more_o thorough_o view_v it_o they_o find_v that_o a_o innumerable_a multitude_n of_o worm_n of_o a_o red_a colour_n be_v contain_v in_o that_o water_n and_o be_v take_v up_o in_o the_o hand_n they_o leap_v like_a unto_o flea_n and_o these_o seaman_n call_v sea-flea_n and_o they_o be_v suppose_v to_o come_v from_o a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o small_a crab_n which_o be_v find_v on_o the_o south_n continent_n fill_v the_o sea_n here_o be_v no_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o animal_n of_o which_o there_o be_v various_a kind_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o sea_n proposition_n xvii_o why_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o night_n season_n seem_v to_o glitter_v especial_o if_o that_o the_o wave_n be_v raise_v the_o more_o vehement_o by_o the_o wind_n shine_v the_o sea_n in_o the_o night_n seem_v to_o glitter_v or_o shine_v this_o question_n require_v the_o knowledge_n of_o that_o difficulty_n concern_v the_o cause_n of_o colour_n divers_a be_v the_o resolution_n of_o philosopher_n concern_v they_o but_o as_o for_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o propose_a phenomenon_n or_o question_n that_o opinion_n seem_v the_o most_o commodious_a which_o show_v how_o colour_n do_v exist_v or_o rather_o appear_v from_o a_o certain_a and_o various_a motion_n but_o we_o leave_v the_o accurate_a explication_n of_o the_o same_o to_o naturalist_n proposition_n xviii_o the_o ocean_n or_o rather_o all_o water_n cast_v out_o terrestrial_a body_n on_o the_o shore_n especial_o in_o the_o full_a moon_n shore_n terrestrial_a body_n be_v cast_v out_o of_o the_o ocean_n on_o the_o shore_n it_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o render_v a_o account_n of_o this_o property_n which_o experience_n sufficient_o testify_v for_o water_n be_v never_o without_o some_o motion_n which_o if_o it_o be_v swift_a and_o towards_o one_o quarter_n it_o carry_v terrestrial_a body_n with_o it_o until_o it_o meet_v with_o the_o shore_n where_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o cease_v vigour_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n those_o terrestrial_a body_n be_v lay_v down_o but_o in_o the_o ocean_n the_o wave_n be_v carry_v hither_o and_o thither_o by_o these_o the_o terrestrial_a body_n be_v carry_v after_o the_o same_o mode_n and_o because_o that_o all_o wave_n tend_v to_o some_o coast_n of_o land_n therefore_o all_o terrestrial_a body_n be_v carry_v towards_o the_o shore_n in_o the_o full_a moon_n be_v the_o great_a motion_n of_o the_o ocean_n therefore_o vain_a be_v their_o opinion_n who_o believe_v the_o ocean_n to_o be_v a_o animal_n and_o to_o have_v sense_n by_o which_o it_o purge_v itself_o from_o all_o dregs_o terrestrial_a body_n but_o here_o the_o cause_n be_v sufficient_o manifest_a chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o general_n and_o in_o particular_a of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n proposition_n i._o water_n have_v no_o natural_a motion_n except_o one_o by_o which_o it_o move_v from_o a_o more_o high_a place_n unto_o these_o that_o be_v more_o low_a but_o if_o the_o vicine_fw-la place_n or_o body_n be_v equal_a or_o of_o a_o great_a altitude_n than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n than_o the_o water_n natural_o rest_v that_o be_v it_o be_v not_o move_v except_o that_o it_o be_v compel_v by_o a_o violent_a cause_n one_o water_n have_v no_o natural_a motion_n except_o one_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v manifest_a from_o vulgar_a experience_n for_o if_o that_o a_o vessel_n contain_v water_n be_v move_v the_o water_n so_o long_o fluctuate_v in_o it_o until_o no_o part_n be_v high_a than_o the_o other_o that_o be_v until_o they_o compose_v a_o spherical_a figure_n or_o superficies_n as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o thirteen_o chapter_n for_o although_o this_o motion_n have_v a_o violent_a cause_n viz._n the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n about_o the_o earth_n yet_o because_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a question_n concern_v this_o cause_n and_o it_o be_v so_o manifest_a in_o the_o water_n that_o it_o seem_v not_o to_o come_v unto_o it_o from_o a_o external_a cause_n so_o for_o to_o distinguish_v this_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n from_o other_o motion_n we_o term_v it_o natural_a now_o this_o motion_n be_v unto_o that_o quarter_n unto_o which_o the_o place_n more_o depress_v be_v situate_v proposition_n ii_o when_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v move_v the_o whole_a ocean_n be_v move_v or_o all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o it_o be_v also_o move_v but_o by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o that_o every_o one_o be_v near_a the_o part_n move_v for_o because_o that_o if_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v move_v it_o do_v necessary_o change_v place_n and_o therefore_o this_o place_n be_v more_o low_a than_o the_o place_n of_o the_o vicine_fw-la water_n this_o near_a water_n shall_v be_v move_v into_o this_o place_n and_o the_o vicine_fw-la water_n of_o that_o into_o the_o place_n of_o that_o and_o so_o forward_o in_o the_o other_o part_n but_o there_o be_v lesser_a motion_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o more_o remote_a part_n proposition_n iii_o to_o observe_v the_o quarter_n into_o which_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v move_v tend_v tend_v the_o quarter_n into_o which_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v move_v tend_v choose_v a_o time_n if_o you_o can_v when_o no_o violent_a wind_n blow_v and_o cast_v into_o the_o water_n a_o body_n almost_o of_o the_o same_o gravity_n with_o the_o water_n let_v the_o place_n be_v observe_v where_o it_o be_v cast_v in_o to_o wit_n let_v the_o boat_n remain_v there_o immovable_a then_o when_o that_o this_o body_n be_v carry_v by_o the_o sea_n a_o moderate_a space_n from_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v cast_v in_o then_o let_v another_o boat_n be_v place_v of_o that_o and_o let_v the_o quarter_n be_v observe_v into_o which_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o second_o boat_n verge_v from_o the_o former_a for_o this_o also_o shall_v be_v the_o quarter_n in_o which_o we_o say_v that_o the_o sea_n at_o that_o time_n be_v move_v proposition_n iu._n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v either_o direct_a or_o a_o vortex_n or_o a_o concussion_n i_o call_v that_o direct_v which_o tend_v unto_o some_o quarter_n a_o vortex_n when_o the_o water_n move_v into_o a_o round_a and_o be_v in_o some_o part_n reject_v a_o concussion_n when_o it_o tremble_v but_o lay_v aside_o the_o two_o latter_a unto_o the_o end_n of_o the_o chapter_n we_o shall_v treat_v of_o the_o direct_a motion_n and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v call_v this_o by_o a_o general_a term_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n proposition_n v._o of_o the_o motion_n which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o sea_n some_o be_v general_a some_o proper_a and_o singular_a other_o some_o contingent_a sea_n general_n proper_a and_o singular_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n i_o call_v that_o general_n which_o be_v find_v almost_o in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o that_o at_o all_o time_n i_o call_v those_o proper_a and_o special_a motion_n by_o which_o only_a some_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v move_v and_o they_o be_v twofold_a perpetual_a and_o anniversary_n the_o former_a be_v those_o which_o persist_v without_o mutation_n or_o cessation_n the_o other_o which_o be_v find_v at_o certain_a month_n or_o day_n of_o the_o year_n in_o some_o certain_a sea_n i_o call_v those_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n contingent_a which_o without_o any_o certain_a order_n sometime_o do_v cease_v and_o other_o some_o begin_v such_o be_v infinite_a proposition_n vi_o wind_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o contingent_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n force_v the_o sea_n to_o a_o quarter_n opposite_a to_o the_o wind_n neither_o be_v the_o sea_n ever_o free_a from_o such_o motion_n sea_n wind_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o see_v that_o the_o air_n touch_v the_o sea_n and_o the_o wind_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o strong_a commotion_n of_o
channel_n as_o for_o the_o increase_n of_o zenega_n which_o only_o have_v four_o hour_n whether_o the_o cause_n ought_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o channel_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n or_o unto_o the_o swift_a deflux_n of_o zenega_n which_o may_v prohibit_v the_o influx_n for_o two_o hour_n or_o whether_o to_o some_o other_o cause_n i_o question_v and_o require_v a_o more_o accurate_a observation_n viz._n whether_o it_o decrease_v eight_o hour_n or_o only_o six_o hour_n and_o in_o the_o other_o two_o do_v neither_o increase_v nor_o decrease_v because_o the_o strong_a flux_n of_o the_o river_n hinder_v the_o flux_n that_o also_o must_v be_v consider_v that_o depress_v and_o low_a place_n may_v have_v the_o flux_n in_o more_o hour_n and_o the_o deflux_n in_o few_o proposition_n xx._n whether_o the_o flux_n do_v begin_v when_o the_o moon_n touch_v the_o horizon_n or_o in_o the_o increment_n be_v in_o the_o place_n who_o the_o horizon_n be_v so_o they_o common_o say_v but_o yet_o we_o hold_v the_o contrary_a in_o those_o place_n in_o which_o the_o water_n be_v at_o the_o high_a when_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o the_o meridian_n for_o when_o the_o moon_n decline_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o south_n than_o she_o arrive_v at_o the_o meridian_n in_o less_o than_o six_o hour_n and_o therefore_o the_o flux_n shall_v begin_v when_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v yet_o depress_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n on_o the_o contrary_a when_o that_o the_o moon_n decline_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o north_n she_o require_v more_o than_o six_o hour_n to_o come_v from_o the_o horizon_n to_o the_o meridian_n and_o therefore_o when_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n unto_o the_o horary_a circle_n of_o the_o six_o hour_n then_o at_o length_n the_o flux_n begin_v and_o so_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o most_o place_n but_o the_o contrary_n be_v at_o london_n as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o precedent_a proposition_n nineteeen_o see_v proposition_n nineteeen_o and_o the_o reason_n seem_v to_o require_v that_o although_o the_o moon_n decline_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o north_n yet_o that_o the_o flux_n shall_v begin_v in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o moon_n come_v to_o the_o horizon_n for_o then_o the_o place_n be_v distant_a by_o a_o quarter_n from_o the_o place_n unto_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v vertical_a and_o therefore_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o sea_n come_v or_o extend_v hither_o and_o here_o more_o accurate_a observation_n be_v require_v proposition_n xxi_o the_o hour_n be_v give_v in_o which_o the_o great_a or_o least_o altitude_n of_o the_o water_n be_v on_o the_o day_n of_o the_o new_a or_o full_a moon_n in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o ordinary_a flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v viz._n of_o six_o hour_n with_o twelve_o degree_n to_o determine_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n follow_v after_o the_o new_a moon_n in_o which_o the_o great_a or_o least_o altitude_n shall_v be_v proposition_n see_v the_o forego_n proposition_n we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o forego_n proposition_n that_o the_o time_n of_o the_o great_a increase_n and_o decrease_v if_o we_o have_v respect_n to_o the_o middle_a motion_n of_o the_o moon_n from_o the_o sun_n in_o one_o day_n after_o place_v 48_o ¾_n horary_a minute_n in_o half_a a_o day_n 24_o â…œ_n minute_n if_o therefore_o the_o great_a increase_n in_o any_o place_n happen_v on_o the_o day_n of_o the_o new_a or_o full_a moon_n on_o the_o twelve_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n these_o hour_n of_o increase_n shall_v be_v on_o the_o follow_a day_n the_o age_n of_o â—he_n moon_n the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n scruple_n 1_o 12_o 48_o 2_o 1_o 37_o 3_o 2_o 27_o 4_o 3_o 17_o 5_o 4_o 5_o 6_o 4_o 55_o 7_o 5_o 59_o 8_o 6_o 49_o 9_o 7_o 23_o 10_o 8_o 12_o 11_o 8_o 56_o 12_o 9_o 51_o 13_o 10_o 40_o 14_o 11_o 29_o 14½_n 12_o mid_a night_n  _fw-fr 15_o 12_o mid_a day_n  _fw-fr viz._n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o age_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o great_a intumescency_n fall_v out_o late_a by_o 48¼_n horary_a minute_n but_o in_o practice_n it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o add_v to_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o new_a moon_n for_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o day_n 48_o minute_n or_o ¼_n of_o a_o hour_n for_o the_o end_n hour_n of_o the_o second_o 1½_n for_o the_o three_o 2½_n for_o the_o four_o 3¼_n for_o the_o five_o 4_o for_o the_o six_o 5_o for_o the_o seven_o 5¼_n for_o the_o eight_o 6¾_n for_o the_o nine_o 7_o for_o the_o ten_o 8¼_n for_o the_o eleven_o 9_o for_o the_o twelve_o 9¼_n for_o the_o thirteen_o 10â…”_n for_o the_o fourteen_o 11½_n for_o the_o fifteen_o 12¼_n this_o supputation_n of_o time_n suppose_v the_o middle_a or_o equal_a motion_n of_o the_o moon_n from_o the_o sun_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v unequal_a so_o that_o the_o moon_n in_o her_o perigee_n depart_v more_o swift_o from_o the_o sun_n than_o in_o her_o apogee_n and_o therefore_o then_o the_o great_a increase_n be_v long_o protract_v than_o six_o hour_n and_o twelve_o minute_n but_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o the_o apogee_n the_o increase_n be_v more_o quick_a for_o certain_a true_a lunary_n month_n exceed_v 30_o day_n other_o be_v less_o than_o 29_o day_n day_n true_a lunary_n month_n exceed_v 30._o day_n when_o that_o the_o mean_v of_o 29_o day_n twelve_o hour_n 44_o minute_n be_v assume_v but_o in_o place_n where_o the_o great_a or_o least_o altitude_n be_v make_v by_o the_o appulse_n of_o the_o moon_n to_o a_o certain_a vertical_a place_n although_o it_o be_v do_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n yet_o for_o all_o that_o the_o time_n be_v not_o so_o accurate_o discover_v for_o neither_o do_v the_o same_o time_n in_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v join_v to_o the_o sun_n fall_v out_o on_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n or_o the_o same_o moment_n of_o the_o same_o hour_n in_o divers_a new_a moon_n how_o this_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n 37._o see_v chap._n 30._o and_o 37._o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o xxx_o chapter_n and_o in_o the_o thirty_o seven_o chapter_n we_o shall_v treat_v more_o of_o the_o use_n of_o navigation_n concern_v a_o more_o accurate_a method_n we_o may_v also_o use_v this_o method_n for_o those_o place_n where_o the_o time_n of_o the_o flux_n be_v more_o or_o less_o than_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deflux_n so_o that_o we_o be_v certain_a of_o the_o difference_n the_o consideration_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o and_o practice_n will_v more_o easy_o teach_v this_o than_o our_o discourse_n proposition_n xxii_o the_o wind_n do_v oftentimes_o protract_v and_o often_o diminish_v the_o time_n of_o the_o flux_n or_o reflux_n in_o some_o place_n neither_o be_v wind_n of_o that_o place_n only_o able_a to_o do_v it_o but_o wind_n blow_v in_o a_o other_o place_n may_v also_o effect_v the_o same_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v so_o manifest_a that_o it_o need_v no_o demonstration_n proposition_n xxiii_o great_a be_v the_o variety_n of_o peculiar_a or_o proper_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n viz._n in_o which_o a_o certain_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v move_v either_o perpetual_o or_o in_o some_o certain_a month_n senator_n peculiar_a motion_n of_o the_o senator_n the_o first_o of_o those_o peculiar_a motion_n which_o be_v most_o considerable_a be_v that_o motion_n by_o which_o part_n of_o the_o atlantic_a or_o african_a ocean_n about_o guinee_n be_v move_v from_o cape_n verd_fw-mi towards_o the_o bend_n of_o africa_n which_o be_v call_v fernando_n poo_n that_o be_v from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o general_a motion_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n now_o this_o motion_n be_v vehement_a so_o that_o it_o violent_o toss_v the_o ship_n approach_v to_o the_o shore_n unto_o this_o gulf_n beyond_o the_o imagination_n of_o the_o mariner_n and_o supputation_n of_o their_o voyage_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o ship_n which_o have_v sail_v in_o two_o day_n from_o the_o coast_n of_o mourrae_n to_o rio_n de_fw-fr benin_n which_o be_v one_o hundred_o mile_n scarce_o in_o six_o or_o seven_o week_n can_v return_v from_o rio_n de_fw-fr benin_n to_o mourrie_v except_o they_o launch_v out_o into_o the_o middle_a sea_n which_o be_v not_o easy_o to_o be_v perform_v see_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v move_v with_o a_o strong_a motion_n to_o the_o north-east_n quarter_n from_o the_o isle_n of_o st._n thomas_n to_o the_o gulf_n of_o fernando_n poo_n carry_v in_o with_o it_o the_o ship_n although_o they_o have_v a_o fair_a north_n east_n wind_n and_o they_o can_v hardly_o get_v from_o that_o coast_n except_o they_o be_v force_v thence_o by_o those_o sudden_a wind_n term_v travado_n which_o sometime_o
and_o shore_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o frequent_a observation_n of_o mathematician_n make_v on_o tower_n or_o shore_n testify_v it_o and_o as_o for_o the_o observation_n of_o olearius_n that_o seem_v to_o cause_v no_o small_a difficulty_n here_o for_o that_o the_o caspian_a sea_n be_v no_o high_a than_o the_o vicine_fw-la land_n much_o less_o than_o the_o mountain_n be_v collect_v from_o hence_o viz._n that_o many_o river_n do_v exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n therefore_o we_o must_v say_v that_o refraction_n obstruct_v the_o observation_n of_o olearius_n and_o cause_v the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o appear_v high_a than_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v and_o peradventure_o the_o wave_n of_o the_o sea_n increase_v the_o cause_n and_o the_o mountain_n that_o he_o ascend_v be_v none_o of_o the_o high_a some_o discover_v the_o weakness_n of_o this_o argument_n bring_v this_o that_o the_o natural_a place_n of_o water_n be_v above_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o that_o it_o must_v cover_v the_o whole_a earth_n because_o that_o it_o be_v high_a than_o the_o earth_n now_o by_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v impede_v from_o its_o natural_a place_n by_o the_o mountain_n above_o the_o earth_n arise_v towards_o the_o mediterranean_a place_n therefore_o that_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v where_o the_o mountain_n and_o elevate_v part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o in_o its_o natural_a place_n do_v press_v down_o the_o subject_v water_n which_o indeed_o be_v in_o its_o natural_a place_n but_o yet_o be_v drive_v or_o press_v to_o the_o bottom_n by_o the_o superior_a water_n which_o be_v not_o in_o its_o natural_a place_n where_o when_o it_o find_v no_o way_n neither_o can_v give_v place_n it_o retire_v towards_o the_o side_n and_o pass_v under_o the_o root_n of_o the_o mountain_n where_o be_v collect_v as_o in_o a_o cistern_n it_o be_v squeeze_v out_o by_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n press_v towards_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o mountain_n no_o other_o than_o in_o a_o vessel_n which_o have_v on_o the_o side_n a_o funnel_n touch_v the_o very_a bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n from_o whence_o we_o infuse_v water_n or_o other_o liquor_n into_o glass_n if_o i_o say_v we_o drop_v in_o a_o stone_n into_o such_o a_o vessel_n full_a or_o half_a full_a of_o liquor_n the_o liquor_n fly_v out_o through_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o funnel_n this_o be_v the_o subtlety_n of_o scaliger_n but_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v very_o thick_a for_o water_n be_v not_o expel_v so_o from_o the_o bottom_n of_o mountainous_a place_n towards_o the_o vortex_n because_o that_o experience_n testify_v the_o contrary_a in_o trench_n and_o if_o that_o be_v so_o all_o spring_n water_n shall_v be_v salt_n moreover_o it_o be_v false_a that_o he_o assume_v that_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o in_o its_o natural_a place_n and_o therefore_o press_v down_o the_o subject_v part_n for_o this_o be_v take_v up_o gratis_o and_o contrary_a to_o experience_n because_o that_o the_o water_n press_v not_o down_o the_o subject_v part_n except_o when_o it_o be_v high_a than_o the_o vicine_fw-la water_n and_o therefore_o where_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v spherical_a it_o rest_v but_o if_o that_o any_o motion_n be_v make_v from_o the_o pressure_n this_o will_v drive_v the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o coast_n where_o the_o place_n be_v more_o broad_a not_o through_o the_o small_a cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o water_n flow_v in_o from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n through_o the_o great_a cavern_n but_o they_o make_v not_o the_o fountain_n fresh_a because_o they_o take_v not_o away_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o water_n i_o think_v not_o the_o solution_n of_o the_o argument_n to_o be_v difficult_a if_o that_o we_o consider_v how_o water_n come_v to_o the_o fountain_n viz._n not_o from_o any_o channel_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n for_o so_o it_o will_v retain_v its_o saltness_n but_o by_o or_o through_o a_o continual_a progression_n of_o the_o watery_a particle_n or_o a_o creep_a in_o the_o terrestrial_a matter_n to_o the_o place_n adjacent_a to_o the_o fountain_n where_o at_o length_n it_o be_v gather_v into_o drop_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o cavity_n and_o continual_a succession_n of_o the_o water_n and_o so_o cause_v a_o spring_n earth_n vein_n of_o water_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o this_o we_o find_v in_o the_o earth_n dig_v to_o a_o great_a depth_n that_o here_o and_o there_o drop_v of_o water_n do_v consist_v and_o be_v force_v by_o those_o that_o be_v nigh_o so_o that_o a_o little_a rivulet_n be_v make_v which_o be_v term_v vein_n of_o water_n many_o such_o rivulet_n if_o collect_v into_o one_o cavity_n make_v a_o fountain_n as_o those_o person_n well_o know_v that_o be_v skill_v in_o make_v of_o fountain_n or_o aquiduct_n or_o wells_n for_o in_o wells_n water_n be_v collect_v from_o many_o drop_n which_o meet_v together_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o well_o from_o the_o adjacent_a earth_n and_o those_o that_o make_v aquiduct_n bring_v the_o water_n by_o gutter_n and_o trench_n into_o one_o place_n so_o that_o the_o drop_n may_v fall_v from_o the_o high_a place_n into_o the_o cavity_n but_o if_o that_o you_o object_n that_o many_o fountain_n bubble_v up_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o stone_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o the_o watery_a particle_n shall_v so_o creep_v forward_o to_o that_o i_o answer_v that_o this_o confirm_v our_o opinion_n for_o those_o stone_n do_v not_o go_v through_o from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n at_o least_o in_o those_o mountain_n where_o the_o fountain_n be_v find_v but_o only_o occupy_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o a_o certain_a small_a profundity_n within_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v more_o soft_a or_o less_o stony_a or_o at_o least_o such_o as_o may_v receive_v and_o attract_v water_n therefore_o when_o by_o penetration_n it_o be_v come_v to_o the_o stony_a part_n because_o that_o it_o can_v penetrate_v no_o far_o there_o it_o stand_v and_o be_v collect_v into_o drop_n and_o make_v a_o spring_a fountain_n between_o the_o stony_a part_n to_o wit_n if_o that_o a_o passage_n be_v grant_v and_o that_o the_o mountain_n and_o rock_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o st._n helena_n and_o almost_o of_o all_o island_n be_v not_o within_o so_o rocky_a and_o hard_a be_v collect_v from_o hence_o that_o almost_o all_o those_o mountain_n have_v sometime_o burn_v or_o at_o the_o least_o smoke_v which_o be_v discover_v from_o the_o ash_n on_o the_o earth_n and_o also_o the_o brimstone_n or_o sulphur_n find_v in_o those_o place_n add_v moreover_o what_o we_o observe_v before_o that_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o always_o there_o where_o it_o seemeh_a to_o be_v but_o flow_v from_o some_o high_a place_n through_o a_o subterraneous_a passage_n to_o the_o fountain_n and_o so_o cause_v the_o water_n to_o leap_v up_o with_o some_o force_n which_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v do_v in_o many_o fountain_n and_o the_o more_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o fire_n be_v move_v also_o downward_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o continuation_n of_o the_o matter_n when_o in_o truth_n if_o that_o the_o same_o be_v free_a it_o tend_v upward_o so_o if_o you_o put_v the_o end_n of_o a_o long_a piece_n of_o iron_n in_o the_o fire_n this_o will_v penetrate_v through_o the_o whole_a iron_n until_o it_o come_v to_o the_o other_o extreme_a although_o this_o other_o extremity_n do_v not_o tend_v upward_o but_o downward_o answer_v the_o second_o argument_n answer_v so_o much_o for_o the_o first_o argument_n unto_o the_o second_o i_o answer_v that_o a_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v why_o the_o sea_n water_n shall_v not_o penetrate_v so_o much_o into_o the_o earth_n towards_o the_o centre_n as_o towards_o the_o mountain_n viz._n because_o the_o earth_n be_v there_o more_o full_a of_o metal_n and_o hard_a as_o experience_n testify_v but_o where_o it_o be_v not_o so_o hard_a there_o the_o water_n penetrate_v and_o therefore_o we_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o river_n or_o at_o least_o sweet_a or_o salt_n lake_n may_v be_v find_v beneath_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n within_o the_o earth_n towards_o the_o centre_n where_o any_o such_o cavity_n be_v but_o because_o that_o there_o be_v few_o such_o cavity_n and_o that_o every_o where_o the_o earth_n be_v metallous_a and_o hard_o beneath_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n therefore_o it_o can_v continual_o imbibe_n water_n but_o when_o it_o be_v full_a it_o cease_v to_o imbibe_n any_o more_o neither_o do_v it_o receive_v more_o therefore_o than_o the_o water_n glide_v towards_o high_a place_n unto_o the_o motion_n
proceed_v from_o dry_a body_n so_o shall_v ammoniac_a vanish_v into_o smoke_n fire_n be_v place_v under_o it_o this_o also_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o in_o divers_a region_n a_o different_a air_n be_v discover_v also_o that_o it_o rain_v in_o one_o place_n and_o not_o in_o another_o proposition_n v._o the_o least_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n and_o those_o all_o insensible_a repel_v or_o reflect_v the_o ray_n as_o a_o looking-glass_n but_o some_o of_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n be_v sensible_a and_o compound_v do_v transmit_v many_o ray_n but_o reflect_v few_o other_o on_o the_o contrary_a transmit_v few_o ray_n and_o reflect_v more_o therefore_o the_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v divide_v into_o those_o that_o be_v opac_n and_o pellucid_a atmosphere_n the_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n these_o be_v those_o that_o transmit_v many_o ray_n the_o former_a be_v those_o that_o transmit_v few_o therefore_o because_o that_o the_o least_o particle_n both_o water_n and_o earth_n be_v atom_n be_v solid_a little_a body_n without_o any_o pore_n so_o that_o they_o transmit_v no_o ray_n but_o repel_v they_o because_o that_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o a_o perspicuity_n or_o a_o transmission_n of_o ray_n do_v require_v pore_n orderly_o place_v in_o a_o body_n and_o empty_a little_a space_n but_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n or_o atmosphere_n compose_v of_o little_a particle_n if_o that_o they_o shall_v have_v ordinate_a and_o many_o pore_n they_o will_v be_v perspicuous_a and_o transmit_v many_o ray_n but_o if_o that_o those_o particle_n shall_v be_v compose_v or_o aggregated_a very_a confuse_o they_o will_v transmit_v ray_n without_o any_o pore_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o sun_n discuss_v a_o thick_a cloudy_a opac_n air_n do_v make_v it_o perspicuous_a to_o wit_n more_o porous_a now_o that_o the_o least_o particle_n reflect_v ray_n be_v manifest_a from_o hence_o that_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o a_o most_o serene_a air_n be_v admit_v into_o a_o obscure_a chamber_n through_o a_o narrow_a hole_n you_o will_v see_v manifest_o from_o the_o particle_n fly_v in_o a_o great_a number_n in_o the_o air_n that_o the_o ray_n be_v reflect_v to_o the_o eye_n as_o from_o a_o glass_n now_o see_v that_o those_o particle_n be_v yet_o sensible_a the_o same_o must_v be_v conclude_v concern_v the_o least_o particle_n and_o those_o that_o fly_v the_o sense_n now_o those_o who_o will_v have_v humid_a attenuate_v vapour_n to_o be_v perspicuous_a but_o not_o dry_a one_o and_o smoke_v they_o be_v refute_v by_o experience_n and_o reason_n by_o reason_n because_o that_o fume_n and_o dry_a exhalation_n may_v be_v make_v equal_o subtle_a and_o porous_a as_o those_o that_o be_v watery_a but_o they_o suppose_v that_o perspicuity_n do_v not_o consist_v in_o the_o mode_n or_o reason_n of_o the_o pore_n but_o in_o a_o peculiar_a quality_n but_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o experience_n because_o that_o the_o air_n be_v serene_a it_o have_v more_o dry_a than_o moist_a particle_n for_o in_o that_o new_a kind_n of_o windgun_n which_o be_v not_o discharge_v by_o powder_n or_o fire_n but_o by_o the_o help_n of_o wind_n and_o air_n the_o air_n be_v so_o condensated_a that_o it_o scarce_o comprehend_v the_o sixti_v part_n of_o the_o former_a space_n yet_o neither_o do_v they_o create_v any_o kind_n of_o humidity_n in_o the_o gun_n which_o must_v altogether_o happen_v if_o that_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o serene_a air_n be_v watery_a proposition_n vi_o exhalation_n do_v not_o ascend_v of_o themselves_o and_o of_o their_o own_o nature_n upward_o but_o they_o be_v force_v by_o a_o violent_a motion_n or_o the_o air_n be_v not_o light_v but_o heavy_a in_o a_o proper_a mode_n of_o expression_n exhalation_n of_o exhalation_n all_o that_o be_v to_o be_v term_v grave_n or_o heavy_a be_v move_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n except_o that_o it_o be_v hinder_v but_o the_o air_n do_v that_o for_o the_o earth_n be_v dig_v up_o the_o air_n descend_v into_o the_o space_n make_v that_o therefore_o it_o be_v carry_v upward_o be_v thus_o perform_v 1._o that_o heat_n rarifi_v it_o to_o seek_v a_o great_a space_n 2._o because_o that_o it_o be_v force_v by_o another_o vapour_n so_o in_o cold_a place_n as_o in_o nova_n zembla_n and_o with_o we_o in_o the_o night_n season_n no_o mist_n ascend_v but_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n approach_v rarifi_v it_o and_o cause_v one_o part_n to_o force_v out_o and_o thrust_v forward_o the_o other_o for_o if_o that_o those_o small_a particle_n of_o air_n be_v free_a neither_o mutual_o implicate_v one_o within_o another_o then_o at_o length_n it_o will_v be_v light_a proposition_n vii_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v more_o subtle_a than_o the_o low_a yet_o it_o may_v so_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o middle_a part_n may_v be_v more_o gross_a and_o condense_a than_o the_o low_a part_n about_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o more_o light_a part_n fly_v to_o the_o upper_a place_n they_o be_v more_o subtle_a and_o light_a hence_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o member_n of_o the_o former_a proposition_n be_v manifest_a now_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o latter_a member_n be_v that_o the_o part_n in_o the_o middle_a air_n easy_o counite_v again_o and_o so_o become_v thick_a for_o the_o hot_a or_o calid_a particle_n be_v carry_v up_o with_o they_o have_v forsake_v they_o and_o the_o ray_n refract_v from_o the_o earth_n in_o that_o middle_a region_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o distance_n have_v no_o force_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o after_o rain_n the_o middle_a air_n be_v more_o serene_a because_o the_o more_o thick_a part_n be_v separate_v proposition_n viii_o the_o atmosphere_n or_o air_n be_v heat_v possess_v more_o space_n than_o before_o now_o by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v more_o destitute_a of_o heat_n by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o it_o contract_v itself_o and_o occupi_v the_o lesser_a space_n before_o the_o air_n be_v heat_v possess_v more_o space_n than_o before_o this_o be_v excellent_o show_v by_o that_o instrument_n which_o we_o call_v a_o thermometer_n or_o weatherglass_n because_o that_o we_o measure_v the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n and_o heat_n by_o in_o in_o hot_a and_o cold_a in_o which_o we_o discover_v the_o air_n to_o become_v more_o condense_v and_o to_o occupy_v lesser_a space_n in_o the_o glass_n by_o how_o much_o the_o air_n acquire_v less_o heat_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n now_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o proportion_n be_v a_o priore_fw-la because_o the_o calid_a particle_n either_o of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o of_o another_o fire_n be_v most_o subtle_a of_o all_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o in_o continual_a motion_n therefore_o those_o atmosphere_n whilst_o that_o they_o be_v admix_v separate_a and_o divide_v these_o particle_n with_o a_o great_a force_n and_o so_o cause_v more_o pore_n and_o these_o little_a fire_n depart_v the_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n leave_v to_o themselves_o unite_v again_o or_o be_v mutual_o complicate_v within_o themselves_o corollary_n therefore_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n or_o atmosphere_n be_v not_o constant_a but_o decrease_v and_o increase_v viz._n at_o noonday_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v great_a at_o midnight_n least_o about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n moderate_a as_o in_o proposition_n fourteen_o proposition_n ix_o to_o make_v a_o thermometer_n thermoscope_n or_o weatherglass_n by_o which_o we_o may_v discover_v the_o mutation_n of_o the_o air_n in_o heat_n and_o cold_a take_v a_o glass_n of_o a_o oblong_a and_o cylindrical_a neck_n with_o the_o spherical_a small_a head_n l_o h_n weatherglass_n how_o to_o make_v a_o thermomemeter_n or_o weatherglass_n let_v this_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o table_n or_o board_n m_o n_o p_o q_o the_o head_n be_v erect_v let_v a_o vessel_n with_o water_n be_v place_v under_o the_o orifice_n which_o be_v best_a to_o be_v colour_v so_o fill_v that_o part_n of_o the_o pipe_n or_o neck_n l_o f_o may_v be_v hide_v in_o it_o now_o let_v the_o time_n of_o the_o moderate_a constitution_n of_o the_o air_n or_o at_o that_o time_n at_o who_o temperature_n you_o will_v compare_v the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n of_o the_o other_o day_n and_o at_o that_o time_n let_v the_o water_n be_v pour_v into_o the_o vessel_n so_o it_o will_v happen_v that_o the_o air_n become_v more_o frigid_a scheme_n sec_n scheme_n the_o water_n will_v ascend_v upward_o beyond_o f_o because_o that_o the_o air_n be_v condensated_a with_o cold_a which_o before_o fill_v up_o the_o space_n f_o a_n now_o possess_v less_o space_n on_o the_o contrary_a the_o air_n be_v render_v more_o hot_a the_o water_n will_v descend_v from_o f_o towards_o l_o because_o that_o the_o
difference_n can_v little_o augment_v the_o altitude_n proposition_n xvi_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n or_o air_n be_v not_o only_o the_o same_o in_o divers_a place_n but_o it_o remain_v the_o same_o and_o that_o constant_o at_o all_o time_n both_o winter_n and_o summer_n place_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v always_o the_o same_o in_o divers_a place_n for_o although_o that_o heat_n in_o the_o summer_n of_o our_o place_n may_v more_o elevate_v also_o our_o air_n more_o than_o in_o winter_n yet_o because_o that_o the_o winter_n be_v at_o the_o same_o in_o another_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o air_n be_v less_o raise_v in_o it_o wherefore_o part_n of_o our_o air_n shall_v be_v move_v towards_o the_o air_n of_o those_o place_n where_o the_o air_n be_v less_o elevate_v viz._n to_o the_o more_o depress_a place_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o fourteen_o proposition_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a whilst_o that_o the_o air_n of_o the_o place_n where_o we_o be_v be_v depress_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o winter_n part_n of_o this_o air_n where_o the_o summer_n or_o the_o great_a heat_n be_v shall_v be_v move_v towards_o our_o place_n viz._n until_o the_o whole_a air_n be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o same_o be_v the_o reason_n concern_v the_o day_n and_o the_o night_n for_o whilst_o that_o the_o air_n be_v depress_v and_o contract_v in_o the_o night_n to_o we_o in_o another_o place_n it_o be_v more_o rarefy_a and_o so_o be_v move_v towards_o the_o air_n of_o our_o place_n until_o it_o again_o make_v a_o spherical_a figure_n and_o because_o that_o all_o be_v equal_a on_o every_o side_n therefore_o the_o name_n altitude_n shall_v remain_v in_o every_o time_n but_o because_o that_o the_o air_n be_v condense_v more_o in_o one_o time_n and_o place_n than_o in_o another_o that_o difference_n see_v that_o it_o be_v very_o small_a can_v very_o little_o vary_v the_o altitude_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o precedent_a proposition_n the_o same_o be_v the_o account_n of_o rains_n or_o mist_n or_o vapour_n that_o be_v in_o we_o or_o in_o another_o place_n for_o to_o these_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n shall_v be_v less_o or_o more_o but_o i_o answer_v that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o time_n in_o which_o in_o some_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o rain_v not_o and_o that_o the_o mist_n fall_v not_o and_o therefore_o when_o that_o it_o rain_v in_o one_o place_n the_o air_n become_v not_o lesser_a than_o it_o be_v before_o because_o that_o before_o it_o rain_v in_o another_o place_n and_o so_o the_o reason_n be_v equal_a and_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o air_n be_v neither_o augment_v nor_o diminish_v proposition_n xvii_o by_o how_o much_o the_o air_n be_v more_o cold_a by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o it_o be_v condense_v and_o therefore_o for_o the_o most_o part_n more_o condense_v in_o the_o winter_n than_o in_o the_o summer_n to_o wit_n in_o some_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n also_o in_o the_o night_n than_o in_o the_o day_n now_o watery_a thick_a exhalation_n in_o the_o winter_n and_o the_o night_n cause_n and_o augment_v that_o condensation_n especial_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o evening_n condense_a the_o cold_o the_o air_n the_o more_o condense_a the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v manifest_a from_o the_o precede_a proposition_n neither_o do_v it_o obstruct_v for_o that_o part_n of_o the_o more_o not_o air_n be_v move_v to_o the_o more_o cold_a as_o to_o a_o more_o depress_a place_n because_o that_o not_o that_o itself_o but_o another_o adjoin_a approachment_n by_o reason_n of_o continual_a protrusion_n and_o if_o that_o that_o happen_v yet_o in_o a_o cold_a place_n that_o become_v also_o cold_a proposition_n xviii_o there_o be_v three_o region_n vulgar_o make_v in_o the_o air_n whereof_o the_o middle_a be_v that_o in_o which_o the_o snow_n rain_n and_o hail_n be_v generate_v the_o first_o be_v that_o in_o which_o we_o be_v extend_v itself_o even_o to_o the_o middle_a region_n the_o three_o be_v that_o which_o begin_v the_o uttermost_a bind_v of_o the_o middle_a region_n and_o extend_v itself_o to_o the_o utmost_a superficies_n of_o the_o air_n even_o to_o the_o sublunary_a fire_n as_o the_o aristotelian_o affirm_v air._n three_o region_n in_o the_o air._n the_o middle_a region_n be_v more_o cold_a than_o the_o first_o and_o three_o which_o be_v reckon_v more_o hot_a but_o the_o three_o by_o reason_n that_o it_o contain_v more_o subtle_a fiery_a and_o sulphureous_a part_n of_o exhalation_n which_o fly_v to_o it_o about_o the_o place_n of_o the_o watery_a particle_n or_o be_v thrust_v down_o as_o more_o light_n the_o aristotelian_o say_v that_o it_o be_v hot_a by_o reason_n of_o its_o vicinity_n to_o the_o fiery-sphere_n but_o the_o first_o because_o that_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n fall_v be_v â—eaâ—_n there_o reflex_v and_o so_o duplicate_v the_o heat_n it_o happen_v that_o some_o particle_n of_o subterraneous_a fire_n exhale_v be_v in_o this_o region_n but_o the_o middle_a region_n iâ—_n more_o cold_a by_o reason_n that_o the_o reflect_a ray_n be_v there_o vicine_fw-la to_o those_o that_o fall_v in_o on_o the_o earth_n neither_o do_v they_o contain_v any_o fiery_a sulphureous_a particle_n but_o watery_a one_o for_o the_o sulphureous_a and_o fiery_a one_o that_o have_v carry_v up_o the_o watery_a one_o fly_v high_o proposition_n xix_o by_o how_o much_o that_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a recede_v to_o the_o pole_n or_o by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n be_v more_o near_o the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o the_o less_o distant_a the_o place_n of_o the_o air_n be_v from_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o the_o rain_n snow_n hail_o begin_v to_o be_v generate_v the_o reason_n be_v that_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v fall_v more_o oblique_o on_o the_o place_n about_o the_o pole_n than_o on_o the_o place_n about_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o ray_n refract_v be_v much_o withdraw_v from_o those_o fall_n in_o and_o so_o cause_v lesser_a heat_n and_o for_o a_o lesser_a space_n than_o the_o ray_n under_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o so_o in_o a_o more_o near_a place_n the_o watery_a vapour_n may_v unite_v to_o generate_v watery_a meteor_n corollary_n the_o superficies_n terminate_a the_o first_o region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v of_o a_o oval_a figure_n or_o rather_o elliptical_a or_o sphere_n like_a protuberate_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n proposition_n xx._n by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v near_a the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o distance_n the_o region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v distant_a from_o that_o earth_n that_o begin_v the_o three_o or_o in_o which_o the_o more_o subtle_a and_o sulphureous_a particle_n be_v for_o there_o be_v the_o few_o and_o more_o subtle_a particle_n in_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v near_o the_o pole_n because_o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n elicitate_v few_o from_o the_o earth_n therefore_o because_o that_o there_o be_v few_o particle_n of_o the_o three_o region_n under_o the_o frigid_a zone_n than_o in_o the_o temperate_a and_o in_o this_o few_o than_o in_o the_o torrid_a and_o yet_o the_o utmost_a bind_v of_o that_o three_o region_n be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n 16._o see_v proposition_n 16._o according_a to_o the_o sixteenth_o proposition_n thence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o region_n under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v far_o more_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o in_o the_o torrid_a and_o temperate_a zone_n corollary_n the_o superficies_n terminate_a the_o second_o region_n of_o the_o air_n or_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o three_o be_v spherical_a and_o protuberate_v in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n all_o these_o must_v be_v show_v to_o youth_n by_o diagram_n proposition_n xxi_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n do_v not_o direct_o arrive_v at_o our_o eye_n from_o the_o aether_n through_o the_o air_n but_o where_o they_o enter_v the_o air_n they_o be_v withdraw_v or_o deflect_v a_o little_a from_o a_o direct_a passage_n which_o the_o skilful_a in_o the_o optic_n term_v to_o refract_v the_o ray_n and_o so_o those_o ray_n refract_v come_v to_o our_o eye_n and_o show_v we_o the_o star_n star_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n this_o part_n which_o treat_v of_o the_o refraction_n of_o light_n be_v the_o most_o subtle_a part_n of_o the_o science_n of_o the_o optic_n for_o experience_n testify_v that_o ray_n proceed_v from_o any_o visible_a body_n if_o from_o one_o medium_n they_o fall_v in_o upon_o another_o that_o be_v
the_o other_o place_n for_o when_o that_o he_o be_v more_o depress_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n and_o therefore_o ascend_v more_o oblique_o and_o in_o a_o long_a time_n to_o the_o horizon_n of_o those_o place_n thence_o it_o follow_v that_o he_o be_v see_v far_a soon_o before_o he_o rise_n in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n than_o in_o the_o torrid_a but_o it_o be_v a_o question_n whether_o that_o the_o air_n be_v low_a in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n and_o though_o the_o sun_n appear_v soon_o before_o his_o rise_n whether_o that_o only_o a_o thickness_n of_o air_n be_v sufficient_a of_o which_o more_o afterward_o proposition_n xxviii_o air._n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o air._n if_o that_o the_o air_n of_o one_o place_n be_v of_o a_o more_o thickness_n and_o than_o the_o other_o it_o may_v be_v a_o excess_n of_o thickness_n so_o that_o they_o may_v not_o see_v the_o star_n before_o the_o rise_n in_o so_o great_a a_o depression_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n than_o in_o the_o other_o air_n also_o the_o excess_n of_o thickness_n may_v be_v such_o that_o the_o star_n may_v begin_v to_o be_v behold_v in_o the_o same_o depression_n last_o the_o excess_n of_o thickness_n may_v be_v such_o that_o the_o star_n may_v be_v behold_v in_o aâ—ar_o distant_a or_o long_a depression_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n than_o in_o the_o other_o air._n yea_o this_o thickness_n may_v bring_v with_o it_o a_o far_o great_a depression_n than_o the_o lowness_n of_o the_o air_n and_o instead_o of_o refraction_n in_o nova_n zembla_n a_o notable_a altitude_n of_o the_o air_n with_o thickness_n be_v require_v proposition_n xxix_o it_o can_v be_v that_o the_o refraction_n of_o any_o one_o star_n in_o two_o altitude_n in_o one_o air_n shall_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o refraction_n of_o the_o same_o star_n in_o the_o same_o altitude_n in_o another_o air_n that_o be_v high_a or_o low_o or_o thick_a or_o more_o subtle_a in_o the_o former_a proposition_n we_o have_v demonstrate_v that_o if_o in_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n t_o f_o scheme_n see_v scheme_n the_o incident_a ray_n s_o f_o n_z make_v the_o refraction_n n_o f_o l_o viz._n t_o 4_o the_o ray_n s_o 4_o in_o another_o altitude_n which_o be_v parallel_n with_o s_o f_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o great_a distance_n and_o the_o ray_n be_v from_o one_o point_n make_v the_o same_o refraction_n 34_o l_o which_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o refraction_n n_o c_o l_o viz._n if_o that_o the_o air_n 40_o l_o w_n be_v less_o thick_a than_o f_o o_o l_o d._n now_o therefore_o it_o be_v demand_v whether_o that_o this_o may_v be_v do_v in_o the_o two_o altitude_n of_o the_o star_n for_o example_n it_o be_v suppose_v that_o in_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o star_n s_o the_o air_n f_o o_o l_o d_o and_o the_o air_n f_o o_o l_o w_n be_v so_o that_o they_o cause_v a_o equal_a refraction_n whether_o that_o in_o the_o altitude_n of_o another_o star_n for_o example_n in_o s_n in_o the_o same_o atmosphere_n f_o r_o d_o l_o o_o 4_o w_o l_o o_fw-fr can_n again_o be_v a_o equal_a refraction_n or_o the_o same_o m_o c_o l._n and_o i_o say_v that_o it_o can_v be_v for_o let_v the_o periphery_a of_o this_o air_n t_o 4_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o centre_n t_o the_o interval_n of_o another_o altitude_n cut_v l_o r_o in_o 3._o therefore_o 3_o l_o shall_v be_v the_o ray_n refract_v in_o this_o other_o air_n through_o which_o the_o star_n s_n be_v see_v for_o the_o ray_n 3_o l_o be_v the_o same_o with_o r_o l_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o same_o apparent_a altitude_n x_o g_o or_o angle_n r_o l_o f_o of_o the_o star_n s_n be_v lay_v down_o moreover_o for_o this_o refracted_a angle_n let_v the_o incident_a ray_n be_v draw_v through_o 3_o 73_o w_n which_o shall_v be_v parallel_n with_o s_o r_o m_o if_o that_o the_o refraction_n l_o 3_o w_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o refraction_n l_o r_o m_o for_o let_v t_o 3_o be_v also_o draw_v the_o angle_n t_o 3_o w_n shall_v be_v the_o angle_n of_o incidency_n t_o r_o l_o the_o angle_n refract_v w_n 3_o l_o the_o refraction_n therefore_o as_o the_o sign_n 34_o t_o be_v to_o the_o sign_n l_o 4_o t_n so_o be_v the_o sign_n w_n 3_o t_o to_o the_o sign_n l_o 3_o t._n and_o as_o the_o sign_n n_z f_o t_n be_v to_o the_o sign_n l_o f_o y_fw-fr so_o be_v the_o sign_n m_o r_o t_o to_o the_o sign_n l_o r_o t._n and_o now_o 34_o l_o be_v equal_a to_o n_o f_o l_o wherefore_o w_n 3_o l_o be_v not_o equal_a to_o m_o r_o l_o or_o w_o 3_o be_v not_o parallel_v with_o m_o r._n now_o this_o consequence_n require_v a_o more_o difficult_a and_o operose_fw-la demonstration_n than_o can_v be_v propound_v in_o this_o place_n see_v that_o it_o rather_o belong_v to_o geometry_n yet_o it_o shall_v be_v make_v manifest_a from_o the_o analysis_n of_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n xxx_o the_o two_o refraction_n of_o any_o star_n be_v observe_v in_o two_o altitude_n to_o find_v thence_o both_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o air_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o aether_n or_o the_o rule_n of_o refraction_n in_o this_o air._n star_n of_o refraction_n of_o star_n the_o refraction_n of_o a_o star_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a difference_n between_o his_o observe_a altitude_n and_o the_o true_a one_o which_o be_v know_v by_o calculation_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o know_v the_o refraction_n of_o the_o star_n now_o to_o come_v to_o the_o purpose_n let_v the_o refraction_n n_o f_o l_o of_o a_o star_n in_o s_n and_o ejaculate_v his_o ray_n s_o f_o be_v give_v then_o again_o in_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o same_o s_o g_o the_o same_o refraction_n m_o r_o l._n then_o in_o the_o circle_n d_o r_o f_o p_o d_o who_o centre_n be_v t._n t_o l_o be_v give_v the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o t_o r_o t_o f_o l_o f_o l_o r_o being_n draw_v let_v the_o angle_n t_o l_o f_o t_o l_o r_o be_v give_v compound_v of_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o star_n and_o 90_o minute_n and_o the_o angle_n n_o f_o l_o m_o r_o l_o be_v give_v and_o we_o know_v beside_o that_o the_o same_o be_v the_o account_n of_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n n_z f_o t_o to_o the_o sign_n l_o f_o t_o which_o be_v the_o account_n of_o the_o sign_n m_o r_o t_o to_o the_o sign_n l_o r_o t._n from_o these_o we_o must_v find_v the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o circle_n t_o f_o or_o t_o r_o and_o moreover_o the_o account_n or_o equality_n of_o the_o sign_n n_z f_o t_o to_o the_o sign_n l_o f_o t_o or_o we_o must_v find_v out_o the_o angle_n t_o f_o l._n indeed_o the_o analysis_n do_v teach_v that_o it_o may_v be_v find_v out_o but_o by_o a_o most_o difficult_a solution_n so_o that_o the_o synthesis_n or_o collection_n can_v be_v find_v out_o without_o many_o proposition_n premise_v like_o so_o many_o index_n which_o be_v altogether_o improper_a to_o this_o place_n yet_o we_o will_v produce_v the_o analysis_n both_o that_o we_o may_v show_v this_o problem_n to_o be_v determinate_v and_o also_o that_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o precede_a proposition_n may_v also_o be_v confirm_v let_v t_o l_o be_v f_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o right_a angle_n t_o l_o f_o s_o b_o the_o sign_n t_o l_o r_o s_o c_o the_o sign_n n_z f_o l_o s_o d_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o compliment_n s_o g._n the_o sign_n m_o r_o l_o s_o h_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o compliment_n k._n the_o sign_n l_o f_o t_o s._n a_o let_v we_o seek_v the_o angle_n l_o f_o t_o because_o that_o after_o we_o have_v gain_v this_o also_o t_n f_z and_o the_o rest_n will_v be_v know_v therefore_o it_o be_v in_o the_o triangle_n f_o l_o t._n as_o the_o sign_n l_o f_o t_o be_v to_o the_o sign_n t_o l_o f_o so_z t_o l_o be_v to_z t_o f._n as_o a_o to_o b_o so_o be_v f_o to_o and_o because_o that_o the_o sign_n of_o both_o the_o angle_n t_o f_o l_o l_o f_o n_z be_v give_v the_o sign_n also_o of_o the_o whole_a angle_z n_z f_o t_n shall_v be_v give_v viz._n if_o that_o the_o sign_n of_o both_o angle_n be_v multiply_v alternate_o unto_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o aggregate_v of_o the_o produce_v be_v divide_v by_o the_o ray_n b_o therefore_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n n_z f_o t_n be_v then_o in_o the_o triangle_n t_o l_o r_o be_v now_o know_v t_o r_o t_o l_o the_o sign_n t_o l_o r._n therefore_o as_o t_n r_o be_v to_o t_o l_o so_o be_v the_o sign_n t_o l_o r_o to_o the_o sign_n y_fw-fr r_o l._n as_o be_v to_z f_o so_o be_v c_o to_o for_o the_o sign_n t_o
depart_v from_o the_o meridian_n for_o that_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n proposition_n x._o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n situate_v under_o the_o aequator_fw-la have_v no_o latitude_n or_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n but_o both_o the_o pole_n lie_v in_o their_o horizon_n latitude_n the_o place_n under_o the_o aequator_fw-la have_v not_o latitude_n the_o place_n under_o the_o pole_n have_v the_o latitude_n of_o 90_o degree_n viz._n the_o pole_n in_o the_o vertex_fw-la and_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o the_o horizon_n the_o place_n between_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la have_v a_o less_o latitude_n than_o ninety_o degree_n the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v evident_a therefore_o it_o need_v no_o explication_n proposition_n xi_o if_o we_o be_v either_o on_o the_o sea_n or_o land_n and_o know_v not_o the_o place_n where_o we_o be_v let_v the_o latitude_n be_v find_v to_o exhibit_v that_o parallel_n in_o the_o globe_n that_o we_o may_v be_v certain_a that_o we_o be_v in_o one_o point_n of_o it_o this_o be_v do_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o six_o proposition_n viz._n a_o parallel_n must_v be_v describe_v at_o the_o give_v or_o observe_v latitude_n and_o this_o be_v the_o parallel_n demand_v the_o same_o be_v also_o easy_a in_o map_n chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o zone_n and_o the_o celestial_a appearance_n in_o the_o divers_a zone_n proposition_n i._o from_o the_o proper_a or_o annual_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n there_o arise_v a_o certain_a division_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o five_o part_n or_o zone_n scheme_n the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o 5_o zone_n see_v scheme_n see_v that_o the_o sun_n do_v not_o always_o continue_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o decline_v from_o it_o describe_v by_o his_o motion_n a_o path_n which_o cut_v the_o aequator_fw-la so_o that_o his_o great_a declination_n be_v in_o 23½_n degree_n as_o well_o towards_o the_o north_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la as_o towards_o the_o south_n in_o which_o declination_n he_o describe_v the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n thence_o it_o be_v that_o he_o be_v not_o perpetual_o vertical_a to_o the_o place_n lie_v under_o the_o aequator_fw-la neither_o do_v he_o always_o keep_v one_o distance_n from_o other_o place_n for_o sometime_o he_o be_v more_o nigh_o and_o sometime_o more_o remote_a from_o a_o certain_a place_n and_o various_o change_v heat_n cold_a rain_n and_o other_o condition_n of_o the_o season_n these_o which_o we_o have_v now_o speak_v of_o may_v be_v show_v as_o well_o on_o the_o globe_n as_o in_o map_n a_o zone_n be_v term_v a_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n include_v within_o the_o tropic_a and_o the_o polary_a circle_n what_o a_o zone_n what_o and_o because_o there_o be_v two_o tropic_n and_o two_o polary_a circle_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o there_o be_v five_o zone_n viz._n 1._o torrid_a 2._o temperate_a and_o 2._o frigid_a zone_n torrid_a zone_n the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v that_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n zone_n temperate_a zone_n the_o temperate_a zone_n which_o lie_v between_o one_o of_o the_o tropic_n and_o the_o adjacent_a polary_a circle_n the_o northern_o temperate_a zone_n be_v that_o which_o lie_v between_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n and_o the_o arctic_a circle_n the_o southern_o temperate_a zone_n be_v that_o which_o lie_v between_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n and_o the_o antarctic_a circle_n zone_n frigid_a zone_n the_o frigid_a or_o cold_a zone_n be_v those_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o lie_v about_o the_o pole_n even_o to_o the_o polary_a circle_n and_o they_o be_v as_o well_o northern_o as_o southern_o cold_a circle_n proposition_n ii_o in_o the_o place_n according_a to_o their_o latitude_n in_o what_o zone_n they_o be_v in_o those_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n who_o latitude_n be_v less_o than_o 23_o degree_n and_o 30_o minute_n they_o lie_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n those_o who_o latitude_n be_v 23_o degree_n and_o 30_o minute_n they_o lie_v in_o the_o tropic_n viz._n in_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n those_o who_o latitude_n be_v great_a than_o 23_o degree_n and_o 30_o minute_n and_o less_o than_o 66_o degree_n and_o 30_o minute_n they_o lie_v in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n those_o who_o latitude_n be_v 66_o degree_n and_o 30_o minute_n they_o lie_v in_o the_o polary_a circle_n viz._n in_o the_o term_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n those_o who_o latitude_n be_v great_a than_o 66_o degree_n and_o 30_o minute_n they_o lie_v in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n these_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o tropical_a and_o polary_a circle_n which_o we_o have_v treat_v of_o in_o the_o 23th_o chapter_n proposition_n iii_o the_o aequator_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n pass_v through_o these_o place_n through_o place_n which_o the_o aequator_fw-la pass_v through_o through_o the_o island_n of_o st._n thomas_n in_o the_o great_a bay_n of_o africa_n which_o be_v call_v the_o aethiopian_a ocean_n through_o aethiopia_n through_o the_o indian_a ocean_n through_o the_o middle_n of_o sumatra_n through_o the_o chersonesus_n of_o malacca_n and_o other_o island_n in_o the_o indian_a ocean_n through_o the_o moluccas_n themselves_o and_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n through_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o province_n of_o peruana_n by_o the_o lake_n parima_fw-la through_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n even_o to_o the_o island_n of_o st._n thomas_n the_o aequator_fw-la divide_v the_o torrid_a zone_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n so_o that_o they_o may_v deserve_o be_v term_v two_o torrid_a zone_n one_o northern_a and_o the_o other_o southern_a these_o place_n lie_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n zone_n place_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o great_a part_n of_o africa_n the_o indian_a ocean_n abyssine_n part_n of_o arabia_n cambaja_n india_n the_o isle_n of_o the_o indian_a sea_n java_n ceilan_n peruvia_n mexico_n great_a part_n of_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n the_o island_n of_o st._n helena_n brazil_n new_a guinee_n through_o place_n which_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n pass_v through_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n pass_v through_o these_o place_n viz._n through_o the_o confine_n of_o lybia_n and_o other_o place_n in_o the_o inland_a africa_n through_o syena_n in_o aethiopia_n thence_o pass_v the_o red_a sea_n beyond_o the_o mountain_n sinai_n and_o mecca_n the_o birth-place_n of_o mahomet_n it_o pass_v through_o arabia_n felix_n hence_o it_o enter_v the_o indian_a ocean_n and_o touch_v the_o border_n of_o persia_n and_o pass_v over_o cambaja_n india_n and_o the_o border_n of_o china_n until_o it_o come_v into_o the_o pacifick_n sea_n which_o be_v pass_v over_o it_o fall_v in_o with_o california_n into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mexico_n and_o again_o enter_v into_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n pass_v the_o gulf_n of_o mexico_n it_o sweep_v the_o coast_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o cuba_n and_o thence_o return_v to_o the_o occidental_a shore_n of_o africa_n through_o place_n which_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n pass_v through_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n pass_v through_o very_a few_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n its_o great_a part_n lie_v in_o the_o sea_n the_o place_n through_o which_o it_o pass_v be_v through_o the_o tongue_n of_o africa_n through_o monomotapa_n madagascar_n the_o indian_a ocean_n new_a guinee_n the_o pacifick_n ocean_n peru_n brazil_n and_o through_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n zone_n place_n situate_a in_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a temperate_a zone_n many_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n lie_v in_o the_o northern_a temperate_a zone_n and_o those_o almost_o all_o know_v and_o inhabit_v viz._n all_o europe_n all_o asia_n except_o part_n of_o india_n malacca_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o indian_a ocean_n great_a part_n of_o america_n septentrionalis_n and_o part_n of_o the_o atlantic_a and_o pacifick_n ocean_n in_o the_o southern_a temperate_a zone_n few_o place_n lie_v and_o those_o not_o full_o know_v with_o a_o large_a portion_n of_o the_o sea_n viz._n part_n of_o the_o prominent_a part_n of_o africa_n monomotapa_n a_o great_a part_n of_o terra_fw-la magellanica_fw-la part_n of_o brazil_n chili_n the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o atlantic_a indian_a and_o pacifick_n ocean_n through_o place_n which_o the_o arctic_a and_o antarctic_a polary_n circle_n pass_v through_o the_o arctic_a polary_n circle_n pass_v almost_o through_o the_o middle_n of_o izland_n through_o the_o upper_a norway_n the_o north_n sea_n lapland_n the_o bay_n of_o russia_n samojeda_n tartary_n america_n septentrionalis_n and_o groenland_n the_o antarctic_a polary_n circle_n pass_v through_o terra_fw-la magellanica_fw-la of_o which_o we_o have_v little_a or_o no_o knowledge_n at_o this_o day_n zone_n place_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o cold_a northern_a and_o southern_a
or_o heaven_n which_o the_o meridian_n line_n be_v find_v be_v easy_a to_o do_v by_o the_o mariner_n compass_n or_o the_o magnetic_a needle_n the_o globe_n be_v thus_o place_v at_o every_o moment_n of_o the_o day_n when_o the_o sun_n shine_v on_o the_o globe_n may_v be_v see_v the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n illuminate_v and_o the_o part_n not_o illuminate_v those_o place_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o middle_a semicircle_n of_o the_o part_n illuminate_v be_v those_o which_o will_v have_v the_o meridies_n at_o that_o moment_n of_o time_n to_o those_o which_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o oriental_a semicircle_n divide_v the_o illuminate_v part_n from_o the_o part_n not_o illuminate_v the_o sun_n set_v but_o to_o those_o which_o be_v in_o the_o occidental_a semicircle_n separate_v the_o illuminate_v part_n from_o the_o part_n not_o illuminate_v the_o sun_n rise_v to_o find_v out_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a let_v the_o needle_n or_o spherical_a gromon_n be_v move_v hither_o and_o thither_o perpendicular_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o part_n illuminate_v until_o it_o make_v no_o shadow_n and_o let_v the_o point_n in_o the_o globe_n be_v note_v 〈◊〉_d for_o this_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n here_o will_v show_v the_o declination_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a point_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o observation_n whence_o according_a to_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o time_n to_o wit_n spring_n summer_n autumn_n or_o winter_n the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v be_v know_v and_o thence_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n also_o the_o place_n in_o the_o globe_n unto_o which_o the_o needle_n be_v affix_v give_v no_o shadow_n be_v that_o to_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a at_o that_o moment_n of_o time_n and_o the_o parallel_n pass_v through_o this_o place_n will_v exhibit_v all_o the_o place_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n will_v be_v vertical_a on_o that_o day_n moreover_o to_o find_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o place_n 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water_n in_o general_n if_o you_o mean_v land_n voyages_n 4._o in_o sea_n voyages_n the_o procurrent_a land_n and_o island_n hinder_v the_o direct_a voyage_n 5._o peculiar_a flux_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o 6._o the_o wind_n but_o some_o may_v demand_v whether_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o there_o may_v be_v place_n who_o itinerary_a distance_n be_v lesser_a than_o the_o most_o short_a geographical_a to_o this_o i_o answer_v although_o to_o sense_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a yet_o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o first_o book_n that_o this_o figure_n be_v not_o altogether_o geometrical_a but_o be_v render_v unequal_a by_o many_o place_n elevate_v and_o depress_v therefore_o if_o we_o conceive_v a_o certain_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o superficies_n from_o the_o centre_n for_o example_n the_o vulgar_a semidiamiter_n of_o 860_o mile_n in_o respect_n of_o which_o place_n be_v to_o be_v take_v elevate_v or_o depress_v this_o be_v suppose_v i_o say_v there_o may_v be_v two_o place_n so_o situate_v that_o the_o itinerary_a distance_n may_v be_v lesser_a than_o the_o short_a geographical_a which_o be_v remove_v 860_o mile_n from_o the_o centre_n but_o the_o intermedial_a place_n must_v be_v more_o depress_v proposition_n viii_o to_o find_v out_o the_o distance_n of_o two_o place_n give_v on_o the_o globe_n as_o also_o in_o geographical_a map_n globe_n the_o find_v out_o the_o distance_n of_o two_o place_n give_v on_o the_o globe_n let_v one_o of_o the_o give_v place_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n let_v the_o quadrant_n be_v affix_v to_o the_o vertex_fw-la and_o let_v it_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o other_o give_v place_n then_o let_v the_o degree_n intercept_v between_o the_o vertex_fw-la and_o this_o place_n be_v number_v let_v these_o degree_n be_v turn_v into_o mile_n or_o another_o measure_n in_o which_o we_o will_v know_v the_o distance_n of_o those_o place_n this_o shall_v be_v that_o demand_v or_o let_v the_o interval_n of_o two_o place_n be_v take_v with_o the_o compass_n and_o this_o be_v translate_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la let_v it_o be_v consider_v how_o many_o degree_n it_o possess_v in_o this_o for_o these_o be_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n which_o we_o must_v convert_v into_o mile_n or_o some_o other_o measure_n but_o if_o that_o the_o distance_n be_v great_a than_o can_v be_v take_v by_o the_o quadrant_n or_o compass_n viz._n more_o than_o 90_o degree_n the_o distance_n of_o one_o place_n from_o the_o antipode_n of_o the_o other_o shall_v be_v lesser_a than_o 90_o degree_n let_v this_o be_v inquire_v after_o and_o take_v from_o 180_o degree_n the_o remain_a degree_n shall_v be_v the_o distance_n require_v in_o universal_a map_n as_o also_o in_o particular_a of_o great_a part_n the_o distance_n of_o place_n can_v be_v exact_o find_v but_o in_o particular_a chorographical_a map_n a_o scale_n of_o league_n or_o mile_n be_v usual_o add_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o which_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n contain_v in_o those_o map_n be_v know_v for_o so_o if_o you_o take_v the_o interval_n of_o two_o place_n and_o transfer_v this_o into_o the_o scale_n you_o shall_v present_o know_v the_o distance_n of_o those_o place_n but_o if_o the_o map_n be_v of_o any_o great_a proportion_n this_o method_n be_v defective_a for_o no_o map_n can_v be_v make_v by_o any_o method_n which_o exhibit_v the_o true_a distance_n of_o place_n but_o such_o a_o one_o may_v be_v make_v which_o may_v show_v the_o distance_n of_o one_o place_n from_o all_o the_o rest_n as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o our_o method_n of_o make_v map_n proposition_n ix_o the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o two_o place_n be_v give_v to_o find_v their_o distance_n distance_n the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o two_o place_n be_v give_v to_o find_v their_o distance_n the_o solution_n of_o this_o problem_n be_v easy_a by_o the_o globe_n and_o catholic_n planisphere_n it_o be_v difficult_a by_o calculation_n and_o trigonometrical_a supputation_n it_o be_v perform_v on_o the_o globe_n after_o this_o mode_n let_v any_o meridian_n be_v take_v and_o let_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n be_v number_v from_o it_o in_o the_o aequator_fw-la let_v the_o term_n of_o the_o numeration_n be_v bring_v under_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n and_o let_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o other_o place_n be_v reckon_v on_o this_o let_v the_o point_n of_o the_o globe_n which_o be_v under_o the_o term_n of_o the_o numeration_n be_v note_v with_o chalk_n also_o in_o the_o first_o meridian_n let_v the_o point_n of_o latitude_n be_v note_v for_o the_o other_o place_n then_o let_v the_o interval_n be_v take_v between_o the_o note_a point_n with_o the_o compass_n and_o let_v it_o be_v transfer_v either_o into_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o first_o meridian_n so_o we_o shall_v know_v
to_o error_n viz._n they_o observe_v the_o quarter_n of_o the_o compass_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v discover_v any_o time_n after_o his_o rise_n and_o at_o that_o time_n they_o observe_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n then_o after_o noon_n they_o expect_v or_o wait_v until_o they_o find_v the_o sun_n to_o come_v unto_o the_o same_o altitude_n which_o be_v find_v they_o observe_v the_o quarter_n of_o the_o compass_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v then_o behold_v from_o these_o quarter_n or_o arch_n intercept_v between_o they_o and_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o north_n the_o declination_n of_o the_o needle_n be_v find_v after_o the_o same_o method_n that_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o sometime_o mariner_n skilful_a in_o trigonometry_n or_o by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o universal_a planisphere_n use_v a_o three_o or_o four_o method_n viz._n when_o that_o immediate_o by_o one_o observation_n the_o declination_n of_o the_o needle_n must_v be_v inquire_v to_o know_v the_o quarter_n for_o either_o they_o observe_v the_o quarter_n of_o the_o compass_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n rise_v or_o set_v or_o they_o observe_v the_o quarter_n in_o which_o they_o find_v the_o sun_n at_o any_o observe_a altitude_n then_o by_o a_o trigonometrical_a calculation_n or_o a_o catholic_n planisphere_n they_o find_v in_o what_o quarter_n the_o sun_n true_o stick_v at_o this_o time_n of_o the_o rise_n or_o altitude_n the_o difference_n of_o this_o or_o that_o quarter_n observe_v on_o the_o compass_n be_v the_o very_a declination_n of_o the_o needle_n proposition_n vii_o to_o show_v those_o thing_n which_o withdraw_v the_o magnetic_a needle_n from_o its_o natural_a situation_n in_o any_o place_n and_o therefore_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o it_o show_v not_o the_o quarter_n as_o it_o ought_v to_o do_v situation_n thing_n which_o withdraw_v the_o magnetical_a needle_n from_o its_o natural_a situation_n the_o chief_a be_v these_o 1._o the_o blunt_a extremity_n or_o less_o sharpness_n of_o the_o pin_n on_o which_o the_o needle_n be_v fix_v 2._o some_o matter_n in_o the_o hole_n that_o receive_v the_o needle_n 3._o if_o the_o paper_n or_o rose_n lie_v beyond_o its_o horizontal_n situation_n 4._o some_o admission_n of_o air._n 5._o the_o vicinity_n of_o iron_n these_o hindrance_n of_o the_o true_a show_v must_v be_v avoid_v chap._n thirty-nine_o of_o the_o histiodrome_n or_o line_n of_o the_o course_n of_o a_o ship_n geography_n the_o line_n of_o the_o course_n of_o a_o ship_n be_v the_o most_o difficult_a part_n of_o geography_n this_o be_v the_o most_o difficult_a part_n of_o all_o geography_n of_o which_o some_o author_n have_v write_v so_o obscure_o and_o very_o many_o so_o false_o that_o the_o reader_n can_v gain_v nothing_o from_o their_o writing_n but_o a_o confuse_a imagination_n and_o never_o understand_v the_o matter_n itself_o but_o we_o will_v endeavour_v as_o much_o as_o be_v possible_a to_o give_v a_o clear_a and_o distinct_a explication_n and_o there_o be_v require_v in_o the_o reader_n a_o attentive_a consideration_n proposition_n i._o if_o that_o any_o two_o place_n be_v situate_v in_o one_o meridian_n or_o if_o that_o another_o place_n be_v situate_v from_o some_o place_n towards_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o north_n or_o south_n that_o same_o place_n shall_v be_v situate_v towards_o the_o same_o quarter_n of_o the_o north_n or_o south_n from_o all_o those_o place_n or_o point_n which_o be_v interpose_v between_o those_o two_o place_n first_o assume_v one_o of_o the_o two_o place_n lie_v in_o the_o same_o meridian_n from_o another_o and_o from_o all_o intermedial_a point_n be_v situate_v towards_o the_o same_o quarter_n of_o the_o north_n or_o south_n meridian_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o two_o place_n in_o one_o meridian_n the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v manifest_a if_o that_o it_o be_v right_o conceive_v by_o place_n intercept_v between_o two_o point_n or_o place_n be_v understand_v all_o point_n which_o be_v the_o intercept_a arch_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n draw_v through_o the_o two_o point_n first_o assume_v or_o the_o point_n of_o that_o arch_n which_o show_v the_o short_a distance_n let_v that_o place_n at_o which_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o other_o place_n be_v expend_v be_v term_v the_o first_o and_o that_o other_o who_o situation_n be_v expend_v be_v term_v the_o second_o and_o for_o the_o more_o easy_a understanding_n the_o first_o place_n be_v so_o to_o be_v conceive_v that_o it_o may_v be_v in_o the_o same_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n or_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o circumjacent_a region_n and_o by_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n of_o the_o globe_n infinite_a vertical_o be_v draw_v through_o it_o by_o the_o circumjacent_a place_n to_o the_o horizon_n and_o so_o the_o situation_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o place_n be_v expend_v at_o it_o or_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o meridian_n of_o it_o or_o of_o its_o angle_n which_o they_o make_v vertical_a with_o the_o meridian_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v because_o that_o the_o angle_n which_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o first_o place_n make_v with_o the_o vertical_a of_o the_o first_o place_n draw_v through_o that_o second_o place_n denote_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o second_o to_o the_o first_o or_o to_o the_o quarter_n now_o if_o we_o conceive_v all_o the_o point_v interpose_v between_o the_o two_o place_n assume_v of_o one_o meridian_n for_o these_o be_v they_o of_o which_o the_o one_o towards_o the_o other_o lie_v towards_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o north_n or_o south_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o meridian_n of_o every_o one_o of_o they_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o vertical_a which_o be_v draw_v through_o every_o one_o from_o or_o through_o either_o place_n assume_v that_o be_v that_o there_o be_v no_o angle_n between_o the_o meridian_n and_o vertical_o wherefore_o the_o place_n assume_v be_v situate_v at_o 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in_o the_o horizon_n itself_o then_o let_v the_o second_o place_n in_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v take_v who_o situation_n or_o quarter_n we_o consider_v at_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o it_o be_v the_o chief_a quarter_n of_o the_o east_n or_o west_n for_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v vertical_a to_o it_o which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o first_o place_n through_o the_o second_o perpendicular_a to_o the_o horizon_n and_o cut_v the_o meridian_n line_n at_o right_a angle_n the_o same_o be_v also_o true_a concern_v all_o the_o interjected_a point_n which_o if_o that_o they_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o brass_n meridian_n the_o wooden_a horizon_n shall_v be_v their_o horizon_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la shall_v be_v the_o prime_n vertical_a of_o they_o which_o cut_v the_o meridian_n line_n at_o right_a angle_n and_o pass_v through_o the_o second_o place_n therefore_o this_o second_o place_n shall_v be_v situate_v to_o all_o those_o interjected_a point_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o cardinal_n quarter_n of_o the_o east_n or_o west_n proposition_n iii_o if_o that_o the_o second_o place_n with_o the_o first_o be_v not_o situate_v in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o meridian_n and_o both_o of_o they_o be_v not_o in_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o second_o place_n shall_v not_o be_v situate_v to_o the_o first_o and_o to_o all_o interpose_a point_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o quarter_n but_o in_o divers_a quarter_n at_o divers_a point_n proposition_n the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o original_a of_o line_n which_o a_o ship_n make_v depend_v on_o this_o proposition_n from_o this_o proposition_n depend_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o original_a of_o line_n which_o the_o ship_n make_v therefore_o the_o reader_n must_v endeavour_v well_o to_o understand_v it_o let_v any_o two_o place_n be_v take_v in_o the_o globe_n which_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la nor_o in_o one_o meridian_n for_o in_o these_o
two_o kind_n of_o situation_n the_o quarter_n of_o the_o second_o place_n be_v not_o vary_v at_o the_o intermedial_a place_n for_o example_n let_v amsterdam_n be_v take_v for_o the_o first_o place_n from_o whence_o the_o voyage_n be_v to_o be_v begin_v and_o fernambuck_n in_o brasilia_n for_o the_o second_o or_o unto_o which_o the_o voyage_n be_v appoint_v let_v amsterdam_n therefore_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o brass_n meridian_n and_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o same_o for_o so_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n represent_v the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n let_v the_o quadrant_n be_v affix_v to_o the_o vertex_fw-la and_o let_v it_o be_v apply_v to_o fernambuck_n it_o will_v show_v the_o quarter_n in_o the_o horizon_n in_o which_o fernambuck_n lie_v from_o amsterdam_n and_o the_o arch_n interject_v between_o these_o two_o place_n exhibit_v on_o the_o globe_n the_o intermedial_a point_n it_o must_v therefore_o be_v show_v that_o the_o quarter_n in_o which_o fernambuck_n lie_v from_o every_o one_o of_o these_o point_n be_v not_o the_o same_o but_o all_o divers_a or_o that_o from_o every_o one_o of_o those_o intermedial_a place_n fernambuck_n do_v not_o lie_v towards_o one_o and_o the_o same_o quarter_n for_o the_o understanding_n of_o this_o we_o must_v repeat_v from_o the_o precede_a doctrine_n that_o the_o angle_n with_o the_o meridian_n of_o this_o assume_v place_n make_v with_o the_o vertical_a pass_v through_o the_o other_o place_n sheweth_z the_o quarter_n of_o another_o place_n from_o some_o one_o place_n assume_v or_o the_o arch_n of_o the_o horizon_n intercept_v between_o the_o meridian_n and_o this_o vertical_a as_o the_o angle_n show_v the_o quarter_n of_o fernambuck_n from_o amsterdam_n which_o the_o quadrant_n with_o the_o brass_n meridian_n make_v which_o be_v of_o amsterdam_n itself_o therefore_o to_o prove_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n let_v what_o point_v you_o please_v be_v take_v between_o amsterdam_n and_o fernambuck_n in_o the_o arch_a subject_n to_o the_o quadrant_n and_o let_v the_o meridian_n pass_v through_o by_o they_o be_v conceive_v it_o be_v best_a to_o take_v those_o point_n through_o which_o on_o the_o globe_n the_o meridian_n pass_n or_o the_o circle_n of_o longitude_n because_o therefore_o the_o quadrant_n pass_v through_o every_o one_o of_o these_o place_n and_o fernambuck_n itself_o it_o will_v represent_v the_o vertical_a of_o every_o place_n in_o which_o fernambuck_n lie_v from_o they_o therefore_o the_o angle_n which_o it_o make_v with_o the_o meridian_n of_o each_o place_n be_v the_o angle_n of_o position_n and_o show_v the_o quarter_n in_o which_o or_o towards_o which_o fernambuck_n lie_v from_o every_o intermedial_a place_n now_o these_o angle_n be_v unequal_a and_o of_o a_o different_a magnitude_n therefore_o the_o quarter_n also_o towards_o which_o fernambuck_n lie_v from_o those_o place_n be_v divers_a now_o that_o these_o angles_n be_v unequal_a be_v manifest_a from_o the_o very_a sight_n or_o more_o evident_a if_o that_o by_o any_o interval_n of_o the_o compass_n you_o draw_v a_o arch_n from_o each_o point_n and_o measure_v these_o arch_n intercept_v between_o each_o meridian_n and_o the_o vertical_a or_o if_o that_o we_o have_v ready_a by_o itself_o a_o crooked_a portion_n which_o may_v be_v fit_v to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n or_o if_o that_o the_o place_n themselves_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n and_o the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o their_o latitude_n let_v the_o quadrant_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o vertex_fw-la and_o to_o fernambuck_n and_o in_o that_o situation_n let_v the_o degree_n of_o the_o arch_n of_o the_o horizon_n be_v reckon_v defective_a straight_o line_v and_o sea_n map_n be_v defective_a corollary_n therefore_o the_o straight_o line_v and_o sea_n map_n be_v very_o defective_a which_o do_v so_o represent_v the_o place_n that_o if_o that_o any_o two_o place_n be_v take_v at_o one_o of_o which_o the_o situation_n or_o quarter_n of_o the_o other_o be_v examine_v this_o other_o do_v seem_v to_o be_v in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o quarter_n from_o the_o intermedial_a place_n which_o yet_o be_v false_a the_o cause_n of_o the_o fault_n be_v that_o they_o exhibit_v the_o meridian_n parallel_n which_o yet_o do_v meet_v in_o the_o pole_n but_o seaman_n regard_v not_o this_o fault_n so_o that_o they_o do_v but_o relate_v the_o course_n or_o quarter_n which_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v observe_v in_o sail_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o proposition_n iv_o if_o a_o voyage_n be_v to_o be_v make_v or_o that_o a_o ship_n be_v to_o sail_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o which_o two_o place_n be_v not_o in_o one_o meridian_n or_o both_o of_o they_o in_o the_o aequator_fw-la by_o a_o most_o short_a cut_v or_o by_o this_o mean_n that_o it_o may_v never_o recede_v from_o the_o interpose_a arch_n of_o the_o vertical_a in_o such_o a_o voyage_n the_o quarter_n be_v change_v every_o moment_n or_o the_o quarter_n become_v another_o and_o another_o into_o which_o the_o voyage_n be_v to_o be_v take_v or_o the_o ship_n be_v to_o be_v sail_v this_o proposition_n be_v manifest_a from_o the_o forego_n 3._o see_v prop._n 3._o for_o let_v the_o voyage_n be_v take_v from_o amsterdam_n to_o fernambuck_n by_o the_o near_a way_n that_o be_v through_o the_o arch_n of_o the_o quadrant_n affix_v at_o amsterdam_n and_o pass_v through_o by_o fernambuck_n because_o therefore_o every_o where_n in_o the_o whole_a voyage_n or_o in_o every_o point_n the_o voyage_n be_v direct_v towards_o fernambuck_n and_o it_o be_v show_v in_o the_o precedent_a proposition_n that_o the_o quarter_n be_v divers_a towards_o which_o from_o those_o middle_n point_v fernambuck_n lie_v therefore_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o quarter_n become_v another_o and_o another_o in_o every_o moment_n and_o in_o each_o point_n into_o which_o the_o ship_n be_v to_o sail_n or_o to_o be_v sail_v that_o it_o may_v respect_n fernambuck_n but_o if_o that_o the_o place_n be_v situate_v in_o one_o meridian_n or_o if_o that_o both_o be_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o case_n be_v otherwise_o for_o in_o they_o the_o same_o quarter_n of_o the_o voyage_n of_o the_o north_n or_o south_n remain_v in_o these_o the_o cardinal_n quarter_n of_o the_o east_n or_o west_n proposition_n v._o a_o voyage_n can_v be_v so_o undertake_v or_o a_o ship_n so_o direct_v that_o it_o may_v tend_v in_o each_o moment_n to_o other_o and_o other_o quarter_n but_o for_o some_o time_n at_o the_o least_o whilst_o it_o be_v move_v it_o tend_v to_o one_o and_o the_o same_o quarter_n in_o appearance_n therefore_o whilst_o we_o be_v to_o sail_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o such_o a_o way_n or_o line_n of_o a_o way_n be_v most_o convenient_a who_o every_o two_o near_a point_n be_v situate_v in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o quarter_n in_o show_n although_o that_o this_o way_n be_v not_o the_o short_a another_o a_o ship_n in_o a_o moment_n can_v move_v from_o one_o quarter_n to_o another_o a_o ship_n can_v tend_v from_o one_o quarter_n to_o another_o in_o a_o moment_n of_o time_n but_o whilst_o that_o it_o be_v move_v for_o some_o time_n at_o the_o least_o it_o tend_v to_o it_o moreover_o it_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v do_v that_o the_o seaman_n shall_v know_v the_o quarter_n unto_o which_o the_o ship_n shall_v be_v sail_v if_o that_o another_o quarter_n be_v so_o often_o to_o be_v assume_v therefore_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o that_o passage_n between_o two_o place_n be_v most_o commodious_a for_o navigation_n who_o every_o two_o vicine_fw-la point_n be_v situate_v in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o quarter_n so_o that_o the_o ship_n may_v be_v continual_o direct_v unto_o one_o quarter_n and_o to_o come_v by_o such_o a_o direction_n to_o the_o place_n appoint_v this_o be_v suppose_v let_v we_o inquire_v what_o way_n be_v thence_o for_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o ship_n which_o way_n indeed_o if_o that_o the_o place_n be_v situate_v in_o one_o meridian_n shall_v be_v part_n of_o the_o meridian_n itself_o if_o in_o the_o aequator_fw-la that_o way_n shall_v be_v a_o portion_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la itself_o if_o in_o one_o parallel_n it_o shall_v be_v a_o part_n of_o this_o parallel_n if_o in_o any_o other_o circle_n beside_o these_o that_o way_n shall_v be_v another_o line_n not_o that_o circle_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n vi_o if_o that_o a_o voyage_n be_v appoint_v or_o that_o a_o ship_n be_v direct_v to_o the_o north_n or_o south_n quarter_n that_o be_v if_o that_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o and_o the_o place_n unto_o which_o be_v in_o one_o meridian_n the_o line_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o ship_n itself_o shall_v be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o meridian_n it_o be_v prove_v from_o the_o first_o proposition_n of_o
of_o the_o duchy_n of_o lancaster_n and_o have_v a_o market_n on_o saturday_n doncaster_n seat_v on_o the_o do_v and_o on_o the_o great_a road_n to_o london_n doncaster_n doncaster_n a_o ancient_a town_n of_o good_a antiquity_n once_o defend_v by_o a_o castle_n now_o reduce_v to_o ruin_n and_o in_o anno_fw-la 759_o this_o town_n suffer_v much_o great_a part_n with_o its_o citadel_n be_v consume_v with_o fire_n but_o be_v rebuilt_a with_o a_o fair_a church_n erect_v in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o citadel_n stand_v it_o be_v a_o large_a well-built_a and_o inhabit_a town_n corporate_a govern_v by_o a_o major_n and_o alderman_n enjoy_v a_o good_a trade_n especial_o for_o stocking_n knit-waistcoat_n petticoat_n and_o glove_n and_o have_v a_o very_a good_a market_n for_o corn_n cattle_n and_o provision_n on_o saturday_n selby_n honour_v in_o give_v birth_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o seat_v on_o the_o owse_n selby_n selby_n which_o give_v passage_n for_o small_a vessel_n to_o york_n 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a_o good_a market_n for_o corn_n and_o provision_n on_o wednesdays_n nigh_o unto_o this_o place_n in_o a_o moorish_a boggy-ground_n arise_v a_o spring_n of_o vitrioline_n taste_n and_o odour_n and_o not_o far_o off_o be_v also_o a_o sulphur-well_a which_o be_v good_a for_o several_a disease_n here_o be_v also_o a_o droop_a petrefying-well_a which_o turn_v wood_n moss_n etc._n etc._n into_o stone_n rippon_n rippon_n rippon_n feat_v between_o the_o yore_a and_o a_o branch_n thereof_o over_o which_o be_v two_o bridge_n it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o good_a antiquity_n and_o of_o much_o same_o for_o its_o religious_a house_n but_o especial_o for_o its_o stately_a monastery_n build_v by_o wilfrid_n archbishop_n of_o york_n it_o be_v at_o present_a a_o large_a and_o well-built_a town_n corporate_a govern_v by_o a_o major_n and_o alderman_n have_v the_o election_n of_o parliament_n man_n the_o town_n be_v well_o inhabit_v by_o gentry_n and_o its_o market_n which_o be_v on_o thursdays_n be_v 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humber_n and_o be_v call_v lhoyger_n which_o name_n in_o welsh_a it_o still_o retain_v and_o in_o english_a england_n the_o second_o take_v up_o all_o the_o land_n northwards_o from_o the_o humber_n to_o the_o orkney_n isle_n and_o be_v call_v mare_n caledonium_n or_o deucaledonium_fw-la and_o now_o scotland_n and_o the_o three_o lie_v between_o the_o irish_a sea_n the_o river_n of_o severn_n and_o dee_n be_v ancient_o call_v cambria_n and_o now_o wales_n to_o which_o the_o britain_n be_v out_v of_o their_o country_n be_v force_v to_o retire_v and_o there_o fortify_v themselves_o bound_n the_o bound_n this_o country_n of_o wales_n be_v bound_v on_o all_o side_n by_o the_o sea_n except_o towards_o england_n from_o which_o it_o be_v sever_v by_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi and_o a_o line_n draw_v to_o the_o river_n wye_n but_o ancient_o it_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o river_n severn_n eastward_o for_o offa_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n force_v they_o to_o quit_v the_o plain_a country_n beyond_o that_o river_n which_o now_o be_v call_v the_o march_n of_o wales_n and_o to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o mountain_n which_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v separate_v from_o england_n by_o a_o great_a ditch_n call_v offa_n dike_n in_o welsh_a claudh_n offa_n in_o many_o place_n yet_o to_o be_v see_v which_o dike_n begin_v at_o the_o influx_n of_o the_o wye_n into_o the_o severn_n and_o reach_v unto_o chester_n which_o be_v about_o 84_o mile_n where_o the_o dee_fw-mi disburthen_n itself_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o over_o this_o dike_n by_o a_o law_n make_v by_o harald_n no_o welshman_n be_v permit_v to_o pass_v with_o a_o weapon_n upon_o pain_n of_o lose_v his_o right_a hand_n barren_a very_o mountainous_a and_o barren_a the_o whole_a country_n be_v mountainous_a and_o barren_a yet_o afford_v several_a good_a commodity_n and_o be_v not_o without_o many_o fertile_a valley_n which_o bear_v good_a corn_n and_o breed_v great_a abundance_n of_o small_a cattle_n with_o which_o they_o furnish_v england_n as_o also_o with_o butter_n cheese_n woollen-cloth_n call_v welsh-frizes_a cotton_n bay_n herring_n both_o white_a and_o red_a calve-skin_n hide_n hony_n wax_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o country_n be_v well_o store_v with_o quarry_n of_o freestone_n for_o building_n and_o millstone_n as_o also_o have_v mine_n of_o lead_n lead-oar_n coal_n and_o some_o of_o silver_n and_o tin_n and_o these_o commodity_n be_v general_o bring_v to_o shrewsbury_n oswestre_n bristol_n worcester_n and_o other_o adjacent_a part_n and_o thence_o disperse_v into_o england_n division_n it_o be_v ancient_a division_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 870_o rodericus_fw-la magnus_fw-la king_n of_o wales_n divide_v this_o country_n into_o three_o region_n territory_n or_o talaith_n which_o be_v so_o many_o kingdom_n to_o wit_n gwine_v venedotia_n or_o north-wales_n and_o this_o part_n he_o give_v to_o anarawd_n his_o elder_a son_n deheubarth_n or_o south-wales_n which_o he_o give_v to_o cadelh_n his_o second_o son_n and_o powis_n or_o powis-land_n which_o he_o give_v to_o mervin_n his_o three_o son_n and_o in_o each_o of_o these_o three_o kingdom_n he_o appoint_v a_o royal_a palace_n as_o at_o aberffraw_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n for_o north-wales_n at_o dynefar_n or_o dynevowr-castle_n not_o far_o from_o carmarthen_n for_o south-wales_n and_o at_o matravan_n in_o montgomery-shire_n for_o powis-land_n division_n present_a division_n but_o at_o present_a according_a to_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o it_o be_v sever_v into_o two_o part_n to_o wit_n north-wales_n and_o south-wales_n both_o which_o have_v as_o it_o be_v devour_v all_o powis-land_n and_o in_o each_o of_o these_o part_n there_o be_v 6_o county_n in_o the_o north_n those_o of_o anglesey_n caernarvon_n denbigh_n flint_n merion_v and_o montgomery_n and_o in_o the_o south_n those_o of_o brecknock_n cardigan_n carmarden_n glamorgan_n pembroke_n and_o radnor_n again_o wales_n like_a unto_o
at_o present_v the_o turk_n possess_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n and_o keep_v still_o or_o do_v not_o long_o since_o beglerby_n at_o erzerum_n car_n revan_n van_fw-mi schildir_n tefflis_n and_o derbent_a beside_o which_o there_o be_v many_o city_n of_o considerable_a note_n some_o of_o which_o the_o persian_n hold_v 1._o place_n it_o be_v chief_a place_n erzerum_fw-la on_o the_o euphrates_n near_o the_o black_a sea_n on_o which_o and_o not_o far_o from_o erzerum_n be_v trebisonde_v which_o facilitate_v a_o great_a trade_n between_o the_o east_n west_n and_o north_n for_o come_v from_o the_o indian_a ocean_n by_o the_o gulf_n of_o ormus_n and_o so_o up_o the_o euphrates_n they_o may_v receive_v pass_v by_o what_o come_v from_o the_o west_n to_o aleppo_n and_o carry_v it_o unto_o erzerum_fw-la from_o whence_o to_o trebisonde_v by_o land_n be_v not_o above_o 25_o or_o 30_o league_n 2._o gar_z char_n or_o likewise_o chissery_n be_v four_o or_o five_o day_n journey_n from_o 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between_o turcomania_n persia_n and_o other_o southern_a province_n of_o asia_n to_o zuire_v the_o kingdom_n of_o astracan_a and_o other_o more_o northern_a estate_n of_o europe_n and_o asia_n it_o be_v situation_n be_v upon_o the_o utmost_a mountain_n which_o regard_v the_o taberestan_a or_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o all_o be_v so_o well_o fortify_v that_o the_o turk_n have_v take_v occasion_n to_o call_v the_o place_n demir_n or_o temir_n capi_n or_o the_o port_n of_o iron_n and_o the_o name_n of_o derbent_n signify_v a_o straight_a port_n and_o in_o all_o likelihood_n these_o be_v the_o caspiae_n porte_fw-fr so_o famous_a among_o the_o ancient_n because_o that_o in_o the_o black_a sea_n and_o the_o sea_n of_o tabarestan_n which_o be_v about_o 3_o or_o 400_o thousand_o pace_n it_o be_v all_o high_a mountainous_a and_o hard_o to_o be_v pass_v and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o passage_n they_o be_v infamous_a for_o robbery_n and_o incursion_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n or_o the_o prince_n which_o possess_v they_o make_v this_o city_n be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a strength_n be_v environ_v with_o two_o strong_a wall_n and_o fortify_v with_o tower_n and_o iron-gate_n be_v account_v the_o key_n or_o inlet_n to_o persia_n now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o grand_a signior_n 5._o bitlis_n and_o manuscute_fw-la belong_v to_o the_o curd_n who_o have_v here_o many_o and_o divers_a lord_n better_o affect_v to_o the_o persian_n than_o the_o turk_n bitlis_n be_v between_o two_o mountain_n water_v with_o a_o river_n which_o receive_v many_o fair_a fountain_n the_o house_n be_v build_v with_o stone_n which_o be_v rare_a in_o that_o country_n other_o be_v of_o nothing_o but_o wood_n and_o earth_n the_o castle_n be_v seat_v advantageous_o but_o i_o believe_v this_o place_n be_v not_o now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o turk_n and_o to_o speak_v truth_n we_o have_v at_o present_a little_a knowledge_n of_o any_o thing_n concern_v these_o quarter_n armenia_n be_v much_o better_o know_v and_o more_o famous_a in_o ancient_a time_n than_o at_o present_a under_o the_o name_n of_o turcomania_n armenia_n the_o bound_n of_o armenia_n its_o bound_n be_v very_o advantageous_a be_v quite_o encompass_v with_o high_a mountain_n large_a river_n and_o wash_v by_o divers_a sea_n and_o seat_v northwards_o of_o the_o caspian_a mountain_n which_o divide_v it_o from_o media_n now_o call_v seruan_fw-mi armenis_fw-la the_o mountain_n of_o armenis_fw-la this_o country_n be_v well_o replenish_v with_o mountain_n valley_n river_n and_o lake_n the_o mountain_n anti-taurus_n divide_v it_o east_n and_o west_n almost_o from_o one_o extremity_n to_o the_o other_o who_o most_o eastern_o point_n be_v call_v abus_n from_o whence_o the_o euphrates_n tigris_n and_o araxes_n take_v some_o of_o their_o stream_n the_o gordian_a mountain_n pour_v forth_o the_o great_a supply_n to_o tigris_n and_o the_o pariarde_n increase_v most_o the_o stream_n of_o euphrates_n araxes_n and_o farza_n armenia_n chief_z rivers_z in_o armenia_n farza_n turn_v his_o course_n towards_o the_o north_n and_o after_o have_v pass_v colchida_n and_o press_v through_o 100_o or_o 120_o bridge_n fall_v into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n araxes_n turn_v towards_o the_o east_n water_v the_o fair_a and_o rich_a plain_n of_o armenia_n and_o fall_v into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n between_o media_n and_o albania_n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o euphrates_n descend_v towards_o the_o west_n but_o approach_v the_o euxine_a sea_n it_o turn_v again_o towards_o the_o south_n and_o reunite_v its_o two_o channel_n into_o one_o traverse_n the_o anti-taurus_n and_o taurus_n divide_v armenia_n and_o mesopotamia_n from_o asia_n minor_n syria_n and_o arabia_n descend_v into_o chaldea_n where_o it_o water_v the_o ancient_a babylon_n and_o lose_v itself_o in_o the_o tigris_n this_o last_o descend_v from_o mount_n abus_n and_o the_o georgian_a mountain_n fall_v into_o divers_a lake_n lose_v itself_o and_o rise_v divers_a time_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n cut_v the_o mountain_n niphates_n separate_v mesopotamia_n from_o assyria_n wash_v ninive_n seleucia_n ctesiphon_n receive_v all_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o euphrates_n and_o discharge_v itself_o in_o the_o persian_a gulf_n armenia_n lake_n of_o most_o note_n in_o armenia_n the_o great_a lake_n of_o armenia_n be_v thospitis_n areessa_n and_o lychinte_n this_o last_o be_v towards_o the_o araxes_n and_o the_o caspian_a sea_n areessa_n be_v the_o same_o that_o pliny_n and_o solinus_n call_v arethusa_n thospitis_n according_a to_o ptolemy_n be_v another_o lake_n the_o tigris_n likewise_o cross_n after_o which_o it_o lose_v itself_o the_o second_o time_n the_o first_o have_v its_o water_n so_o as_o it_o will_v take_v spot_n out_o of_o clothes_n but_o be_v not_o good_a to_o drink_v armenia_n king_n of_o eminent_a note_n in_o armenia_n among_o the_o king_n of_o armenia_n which_o make_v themselves_o most_o know_v to_o the_o roman_n or_o parthian_n tigranes_n son-in-law_n to_o mithridates_n king_n of_o pontus_n have_v be_v the_o most_o famous_a this_o tigranes_n after_o have_v be_v a_o hostage_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o parthian_n regain_v his_o estate_n by_o their_o mean_n in_o recompense_n of_o which_o he_o give_v they_o 70_o valley_n on_o the_o confine_n of_o media_n and_o assyria_n but_o after_o he_o know_v and_o have_v gather_v together_o his_o power_n he_o retake_v all_o those_o valley_n beat_v the_o parthian_n out_o of_o they_o pillage_v assyria_n as_o far_o as_o ninive_n and_o arbela_n subject_v to_o himself_o a_o part_n of_o media_n and_o afterward_o all_o mesopotamia_n syria_n phoenicia_n and_o cilicia_n but_o whilst_o he_o believe_v himself_o above_o fortune_n mithridates_n his_o father-in-law_n be_v divers_a time_n defeat_v and_o drive_v from_o his_o realm_n of_o pontus_n by_o lucullus_n and_o the_o roman_n and_o retire_v himself_o into_o armenia_n to_o his_o son-in-law_n his_o refusal_n to_o abandon_v or_o deliver_v he_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o lucullus_n draw_v the_o roman_n into_o armenia_n where_o lucullus_n several_a time_n defeat_v tigranes_n take_v tigranocerta_n where_o be_v his_o regal_a diadem_n and_o likewise_o in_o a_o great_a set-battel_n where_o tigranes_n have_v 150000_o foot_n and_o 1000_o or_o 1200_o horse_n fly_v 100000_o foot_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o cavalry_n constrain_a he_o to_o yield_v to_o the_o roman_n the_o province_n of_o cilicia_n syria_n phoenicia_n and_o mesopotamia_n and_o content_v himself_o with_o armenia_n only_o but_o for_o the_o present_n let_v we_o lay_v aside_o history_n ptolemy_n the_o division_n of_o armenia_n according_a to_o ptolemy_n ptolemy_n divide_v armenia_n into_o four_o principal_a part_n and_o allot_v to_o the_o first_o 7_o region_n or_o province_n 6_o to_o the_o second_o 3_o to_o the_o three_o and_z 4_o to_o the_o four_o place_v in_o the_o first_o part_n 30_o city_n 27_o in_o the_o second_o 12_o in_o the_o three_o and_o 18_o in_o
square_a obelisk_n full_a of_o egyptian_a hieroglyphic_n of_o a_o vast_a bigness_n and_o each_o of_o one_o entire_a piece_n of_o stone_n say_v to_o be_v thrice_o as_o big_a as_o that_o at_o rome_n or_o that_o at_o constantinople_n near_o these_o obelisk_n as_o sir_n henry_n blunt_n relate_v be_v the_o ruin_n of_o cleopatra_n palace_n high_a upon_o the_o shore_n with_o the_o private_a gate_n whereat_o she_o receive_v mark_n antony_n after_o their_o overthrow_n at_o actium_n and_o he_o say_v that_o about_o a_o bow_n shoot_v further_o upon_o another_o rock_n on_o the_o shore_n be_v yet_o a_o round_a tower_n which_o be_v part_n of_o alexander_n palace_n this_o city_n after_o the_o roman_n be_v master_n of_o egypt_n be_v steem_v the_o second_o of_o their_o empire_n and_o when_o the_o arab_n seize_v it_o there_o be_v count_v 12000_o seller_n of_o herb_n 4000_o bathing-house_n 400_o playhouse_n etc._n etc._n thus_o be_v the_o former_a state_n of_o this_o city_n but_o at_o present_a almost_o a_o heap_n of_o ruin_n especial_o the_o east_n and_o south_n part_n not_o the_o moiety_n of_o the_o city_n be_v inhabit_v and_o be_v it_o not_o for_o some_o conveniency_n of_o trade_n or_o the_o like_a more_o than_o any_o pleasure_n of_o the_o place_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o evil_a air_n which_o reign_v there_o it_o will_v be_v soon_o leave_v whole_o desolate_a it_o be_v now_o inhabit_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o nation_n as_o turk_n jew_n greek_n moor_n copty_v and_o christian_n now_o remarkable_a for_o a_o mosque_n in_o which_o st._n mark_v their_o first_o bishop_n be_v say_v to_o be_v bury_v yet_o their_o rest_n still_o within_o and_o near_o the_o city_n many_o obelisk_n columus_fw-la footstep_n of_o proud_a building_n etc._n etc._n rosetto_n the_o city_n of_o rosetto_n raschit_n or_o rosetto_n a_o pretty_a little_a city_n seat_v on_o the_o nile_n four_o mile_n from_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n a_o place_n of_o no_o strength_n but_o of_o a_o great_a trade_n and_o well_o furnish_v with_o several_a sort_n of_o commodity_n its_o building_n be_v stately_a both_o within_o and_o without_o and_o be_v only_o defend_v by_o a_o castle_n be_v without_o wall_n or_o other_o fortification_n this_o city_n in_o ancient_a time_n be_v note_v for_o a_o place_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o beastliness_n and_o luxury_n damiata_n be_v a_o fair_a city_n damiata_n the_o city_n of_o damiata_n and_o its_o land_n excellent_a famous_a for_o the_o often_o sieges_n lay_v unto_o it_o by_o the_o christian_a army_n in_o anno_fw-la 1220._o who_o for_o 18_o month_n continuance_n do_v stout_o defend_v themselves_o till_o in_o the_o end_n the_o enemy_n hear_v no_o noise_n some_o of_o they_o do_v adventure_n to_o scale_n the_o wall_n who_o find_v no_o resistance_n the_o army_n march_v in_o who_o then_o find_v in_o every_o house_n and_o corner_n heap_n of_o dead_a body_n and_o none_o to_o give_v they_o burial_n and_o search_v they_o find_v they_o to_o die_v of_o famine_n and_o of_o the_o pestilence_n which_o grievous_o rage_v among_o they_o which_o lamentable_a spectacle_n must_v needs_o add_v terror_n to_o the_o beholder_n this_o city_n be_v build_v as_o some_o author_n say_v out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o pelusium_n which_o be_v build_v by_o peleus_n the_o father_n of_o achilles_n who_o for_o the_o murder_n of_o his_o brother_n phocus_n be_v by_o the_o god_n command_v to_o purge_v himself_o in_o the_o adjoin_a lake_n this_o place_n as_o heylin_n note_v be_v the_o episcopal_n see_v of_o st._n isidore_n surname_v pelusiotes_n who_o pious_a and_o rhetorical_a epistle_n be_v yet_o extant_a and_o at_o this_o place_n ptolemy_n the_o famous_a geographer_n draw_v his_o first_o breath_n and_o these_o three_o city_n after_o cairo_n be_v at_o present_a the_o fair_a of_o egypt_n there_o be_v abundance_n of_o other_o city_n which_o be_v yet_o in_o some_o repute_n as_o suez_n and_o cossir_n seat_v on_o the_o red_a sea_n suez_n note_v for_o its_o arsenal_n and_o cossir_n for_o its_o reception_n of_o the_o merchandize_n of_o the_o east_n and_o saiet_fw-mi a_o fair_a town_n not_o far_o from_o cairo_n on_o the_o nile_n by_o some_o say_v to_o be_v the_o dwell_a place_n of_o joseph_n and_o mary_n whither_o they_o sle_z with_o christ_n for_o fear_n of_o herod_n where_o be_v yet_o the_o ruin_n of_o a_o fair_a and_o beautiful_a temple_n which_o as_o they_o say_v be_v build_v by_o helena_n the_o mother_n of_o constantine_n with_o several_a other_o too_o tedious_a to_o name_v but_o to_o speak_v truth_n egypt_n be_v nothing_o in_o regard_n of_o what_o it_o be_v under_o its_o first_o king_n with_o several_a other_o as_o i_o have_v set_v down_o in_o my_o geographical_a table_n as_o they_o be_v find_v in_o the_o say_v twelve_o cassiliff_n and_o be_v all_o commodious_o and_o pleasant_o seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o nile_n which_o traverse_n the_o whole_a country_n divide_v itself_o into_o several_a stream_n especial_o in_o the_o high_a egypt_n where_o with_o several_a mouth_n it_o ful_o into_o or_o receive_v the_o mideterranean_a sea_n also_o i_o have_v note_v several_a city_n seat_v on_o the_o red_a sea_n to_o which_o i_o refer_v the_o reader_n moeris_n the_o lake_n of_o bucheira_n and_o moeris_n in_o this_o country_n be_v two_o lake_n the_o one_o be_v call_v the_o lake_n of_o bucheira_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o alexandria_n and_o be_v about_o twelve_o league_n in_o length_n and_o seven_o in_o breadth_n the_o other_o be_v call_v the_o lake_n of_o moeris_n in_o the_o cassilif_n of_o giza_n and_o fium_fw-la and_o be_v about_o 27_o league_n in_o length_n and_o 20_o 15_o 10_o 5_o and_z 3_o in_o breadth_n thus_o much_o for_o the_o description_n of_o the_o country_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o shall_v treat_v of_o the_o inhabitant_n as_o to_o their_o law_n religion_n custom_n antiquity_n hieroglyphic_n stature_n habit_n etc._n etc._n also_o the_o fertility_n and_o rarity_n of_o the_o country_n among_o which_o i_o shall_v end_v with_o the_o description_n of_o the_o nile_n justice_n their_o law_n &_o execution_n of_o justice_n their_o law_n as_o to_o justice_n and_o government_n be_v perfect_o turkish_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o description_n of_o the_o turk_n as_o you_o may_v find_v it_o treat_v of_o in_o the_o description_n of_o constantinople_n their_o metropolitan_a city_n yet_o for_o rigour_n in_o their_o punishment_n they_o exceed_v other_o part_n of_o turkey_n and_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o treacherous_a malicious_a and_o base_a disposition_n of_o they_o their_o execution_n be_v different_a according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o crime_n for_o some_o offence_n they_o use_v slay_v alive_a for_o other_o impal_v cut_v they_o off_o with_o a_o red_a hot_a iron_n at_o the_o waist_n for_o other_o oynt_v with_o honey_n in_o the_o sun_n also_o some_o they_o hang_v by_o the_o foot_n and_o the_o like_a cruelty_n the_o ancient_a people_n of_o this_o country_n be_v heathen_n worship_v the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n sacrifice_v to_o apollo_n jupiter_n hercules_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o god_n also_o attribute_v divine_a honour_n to_o serpent_n crocodile_n as_o also_o to_o garlic_n onion_n and_o leek_n but_o the_o god_n which_o they_o most_o adore_v be_v apis_n a_o coal-black_a ox_n with_o a_o white_a star_n in_o his_o forehead_n two_o hair_n only_o in_o his_o tail_n and_o the_o form_n of_o a_o eagle_n on_o his_o back_n but_o now_o mahometism_n be_v much_o receive_v among_o they_o the_o christian_a faith_n be_v here_o first_o plant_v by_o st_n mark_n who_o be_v the_o first_o bishop_n of_o alexandria_n and_o these_o christian_n be_v all_o of_o the_o jacobite_v sect_n observe_v the_o same_o custom_n and_o form_n of_o ceremony_n in_o their_o religion_n as_o those_o former_o treat_v of_o in_o asia_n antiquity_n its_o antiquity_n among_o the_o many_o rarity_n or_o antiquity_n of_o this_o country_n be_v the_o pyramid_n as_o also_o the_o obelisk_n and_o column_n speak_v of_o before_o next_o on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n nile_n stand_v that_o famous_a labyrinth_n build_v by_o psamnicus_n a_o place_n of_o a_o exceed_a great_a bigness_n contain_v 1000_o house_n beside_o 12_o royal_a palace_n within_o a_o entire_a wall_n which_o have_v but_o one_o entrance_n but_o exceed_v many_o turn_n and_o wind_n which_o cause_v the_o way_n to_o be_v exceed_o difficult_a to_o find_v the_o building_n be_v as_o much_o under_o ground_n as_o above_o the_o building_n be_v of_o marble_n and_o adorn_v with_o stately_a column_n the_o room_n be_v fair_a and_o large_a especial_o a_o hall_n which_o be_v the_o place_n of_o their_o general_a convention_n which_o be_v adorn_v with_o the_o statue_n of_o their_o god_n and_o compose_v of_o polish_a marble_n not_o far_o from_o the_o pyramid_n do_v stand_v the_o colossus_n be_v in_o form_n of_o a_o