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nature_n of_o a_o oath_n as_o do_v plain_o appear_v by_o 1_o sam._n 14._o where_o it_o be_v say_v four_o several_a time_n that_o saul_n bind_v all_o the_o people_n with_o a_o oath_n not_o to_o taste_v of_o any_o thing_n till_o the_o sun_n go_v down_o that_o they_o may_v pursue_v their_o enemy_n without_o any_o intermission_n which_o oath_n be_v judge_v by_o the_o expositor_n to_o have_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o public_a denounce_v of_o a_o curse_n or_o adjure_v they_o in_o the_o name_n of_o god_n nor_o to_o do_v it_o see_v it_o be_v hold_v a_o thing_n impossible_a that_o he_o shall_v call_v so_o many_o thousand_o in_o particular_a to_o take_v every_o man_n a_o oath_n the_o time_n be_v so_o short_a and_o he_o in_o such_o haste_n to_o pursue_v the_o enemy_n but_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n as_o nazianzen_n say_v not_o unusual_a either_o before_o christ_n or_o since_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n to_o make_v such_o adjuration_n whereby_o the_o church_n ever_o 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winchester_n have_v in_o the_o public_a divinity-school_n in_o cambridge_n in_o the_o month_n of_o july_n 1591._o upon_o this_o question_n follow_v render_v into_o english_a for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o mere_a english_a reader_n whether_o by_o god_n law_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o magistrate_n to_o require_v a_o oath_n of_o the_o party_n that_o be_v the_o party_n guilty_a or_o defendant_n and_o in_o what_o case_n and_o how_o far_o it_o be_v lawful_a touch_v the_o question_n of_o party_n guilty_a or_o defendant_n by_o the_o religion_n of_o a_o oath_n as_o also_o of_o such_o party_n take_v such_o oath_n or_o lawful_o decline_v it_o of_o late_o have_v a_o question_n arise_v whether_o by_o god_n law_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o magistrate_n to_o require_v oath_n of_o the_o party_n that_o be_v the_o party_n guilty_a or_o defendant_n and_o in_o what_o case_n and_o how_o far_o it_o be_v lawful_a this_o question_n to_o prevent_v any_o confusion_n upon_o your_o memory_n or_o my_o own_o i_o will_v divide_v into_o five_o branch_n and_o indeed_o in_o this_o short_a two_o day_n space_n i_o have_v not_o bethink_v myself_o of_o a_o more_o distinct_a method_n 1._o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o exact_v or_o require_v a_o oath_n 2._o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o magistrate_n to_o do_v it_o 3._o whether_o from_o the_o guilty_a or_o defendant_n party_n 4._o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a in_o every_o cause_n or_o not_o in_o capital_a cause_n but_o such_o as_o receive_v a_o mild_a punishment_n 5._o how_o far_o this_o be_v lawful_a and_o in_o what_o case_n of_o which_o question_n the_o first_o three_o have_v nothing_o of_o question_n in_o they_o if_o we_o be_v find_v in_o divinity_n therefore_o i_o shall_v in_o few_o word_n dispatch_v they_o and_o first_o of_o all_o it_o be_v a_o sacred_a right_n that_o such_o a_o oath_n may_v be_v lawful_o require_v in_o which_o matter_n i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o behooveful_a as_o christ_n do_v in_o the_o case_n of_o divorcement_n first_o of_o all_o to_o inquire_v what_o every_o thing_n be_v in_o the_o beginning_n in_o the_o revolution_n of_o time_n many_o thing_n be_v change_v the_o beginning_n be_v the_o most_o certain_a rule_n therefore_o i_o ask_v where_o and_o when_o the_o first_o mention_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v make_v in_o scripture_n i_o find_v gen._n 24._o abraham_n force_v his_o servant_n to_o take_v a_o oath_n in_o these_o word_n and_o with_o this_o ceremony_n put_v thy_o hand_n under_o my_o thigh_n and_o i_o will_v make_v thou_o swear_v that_o thou_o shall_v take_v a_o wife_n for_o my_o son_n of_o my_o kindred_n so_o the_o first_o oath_n mention_v in_o scripture_n be_v here_o express_v and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o most_o ancient_a and_o first_o so_o it_o
obscurity_n it_o may_v ensnare_v nor_o make_v for_o private_a advantage_n but_o for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o the_o people_n thus_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o all_o ratio_fw-la est_fw-la anima_fw-la legis_fw-la lex_fw-la tunc_fw-la laudatur_fw-la quando_fw-la ratione_fw-la probatur_fw-la nature_n be_v the_o fountain_n and_o reason_n do_v animate_v and_o make_v the_o law_n and_o get_v it_o the_o praise_n and_o acceptation_n this_o indeed_o be_v a_o lightning_n and_o ray_n of_o the_o divinity_n ratio_fw-la nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la est_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o corpus_fw-la humanum_fw-la pars_fw-la divini_fw-la spiritus_fw-la immersae_fw-la say_v 66._o say_v epist_n 66._o seneca_n it_o be_v the_o stream_n and_o dependence_n of_o the_o eternal_a law_n which_o be_v god_n himself_o and_o his_o will_n quid_fw-la natura_fw-la nisi_fw-la dâ—us_fw-la &_o divina_fw-la ratio_fw-la toti_fw-la mundo_fw-la &_o partibus_fw-la ejus_fw-la inserta_fw-la what_o be_v nature_n but_o god_n and_o divine_a reason_n insert_v into_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o immix_v in_o all_o the_o part_n thereof_o 11._o thereof_o lâ—x_fw-la nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la est_fw-la nisi_fw-la recta_fw-la &_o à _fw-la numine_fw-la deorum_fw-la tracta_fw-la ratio_fw-la cicer._n philip._n 11._o the_o law_n of_o moses_n in_o his_o decalogue_n be_v a_o outward_a and_o public_a copy_n the_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n and_o the_o roman_a law_n the_o moral_a instruction_n of_o divine_n and_o philosopher_n the_o advertisement_n and_o counsel_n of_o lawyer_n the_o edict_n and_o ordinance_n of_o the_o best_a prince_n be_v no_o other_o but_o draught_n and_o particular_a pourtraye_v of_o it_o if_o therefore_o there_o be_v any_o law_n that_o vari_v from_o this_o first_o and_o original_a mistress_n command_v where_o she_o forbid_v or_o forbid_v where_o she_o command_v or_o allow_v it_o be_v a_o monster_n falsehood_n and_o error_n as_o for_o example_n adversus_fw-la periculum_fw-la naturalis_fw-la ratio_fw-la permittit_fw-la se_fw-la defendere_fw-la itaque_fw-la si_fw-la servum_fw-la tuum_fw-la latronem_fw-la insidiantem_fw-la mihi_fw-la occidero_fw-it securus_fw-la ero_fw-la say_v aquil._n say_v lib._n 1._o dig._n ad_fw-la l._n aquil._n gaius_n natural_a reason_n give_v a_o man_n licence_n to_o defend_v himself_o against_o any_o danger_n therefore_o i_o be_o in_o no_o danger_n of_o the_o law_n if_o i_o kill_v thy_o servant_n that_o lie_v in_o wait_n to_o mischief_n i_o again_o si_fw-mi quis_fw-la percussorem_fw-la ad_fw-la se_fw-la venientem_fw-la gladio_fw-la repulerit_fw-la non_fw-la ut_fw-la homicida_fw-la tenetur_fw-la quiâ—_n defensor_fw-la propriae_fw-la salutis_fw-la in_o nullo_n peccásse_fw-la videtur_fw-la say_v gordian_n the_o sicar_n the_o lib._n 2._o co._n ad_fw-la l._n cornel._n the_o sicar_n emperor_n if_o a_o man_n shall_v strike_v he_o dead_a that_o come_v to_o destroy_v he_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o manslayer_n because_o the_o preserver_n of_o his_o own_o life_n offend_v in_o nothing_o that_o law_n then_o sure_o be_v very_o unnatural_a that_o inflict_v forfeiture_n of_o any_o part_n of_o his_o estate_n though_o it_o require_v not_o either_o the_o whole_a or_o his_o life_n upon_o any_o person_n for_o slay_v another_o in_o his_o own_o just_a and_o necessary_a defence_n when_o as_o if_o he_o have_v not_o do_v as_o he_o do_v he_o must_v have_v be_v in_o peril_n of_o lose_v his_o own_o life_n it_o be_v as_o prodigious_a to_o natural_a equity_n and_o good_a reason_n that_o a_o man_n that_o be_v unhappy_o peradventure_o do_v of_o a_o lawful_a act_n nor_o purpose_v the_o least_o mischief_n to_o any_o person_n but_o by_o mere_a chance_n author_n of_o another_o death_n shall_v be_v subject_a to_o any_o punishment_n or_o loss_n whatsoever_o mera_fw-fr infortunia_fw-la nec_fw-la paenam_fw-la mereutur_fw-la nec_fw-la ad_fw-la restitutionem_fw-la damni_fw-la obligant_fw-la say_v 4._o say_v de_fw-fr ju_n bell._n lib._n 3._o cap._n 11._o sect_n 4._o grotius_n no_o man_n deserve_v to_o be_v punish_v or_o be_v bind_v to_o make_v any_o reparation_n for_o pure_a casualty_n if_o a_o arrow_n be_v shoot_v at_o a_o beast_n or_o at_o butt_n light_n upon_o a_o man_n and_o kill_v he_o or_o a_o stone_n cast_v over_o a_o house_n or_o a_o arm_n of_o a_o tree_n be_v cut_v and_o fall_v where_o seasonable_a warning_n be_v give_v to_o all_o that_o be_v near_o to_o take_v heed_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o another_o death_n such_o casual_a homicide_n be_v not_o in_o any_o kind_a punishable_a aquil._n punishable_a lib._n 5._o co._n ad_fw-la l._n cornel_n de_fw-fr siâ—ar_fw-fr sect_n 5_o inst._n de_fw-it l_o aquil._n a_o law_n therefore_o that_o punish_v a_o man_n for_o such_o adventure_n or_o misfortune_n be_v not_o a_o just_a or_o rational_a law_n be_v indeed_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n which_o protect_v such_o person_n and_o appoint_v they_o a_o city_n of_o refuge_n to_o fly_v unto_o 19.5_o unto_o numb_a 35.15.22_o josh_n 20.3_o deut._n 19.5_o for_o such_o a_o act_n happen_v in_o such_o sort_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o work_n of_o god_n himself_o it_o be_v a_o cruelty_n also_o which_o nature_n and_o reason_n abhor_v that_o a_o king_n who_o ought_v to_o be_v as_o a_o shepherd_n and_o guardian_n of_o his_o people_n shall_v have_v a_o establish_a liberty_n to_o endanger_v his_o subject_n life_n and_o liberty_n by_o a_o criminal_a accusation_n bring_v against_o they_o and_o yet_o they_o be_v deny_v the_o natural_a liberty_n and_o freedom_n to_o defend_v themselves_o by_o bring_v that_o evidence_n and_o assistance_n of_o counsel_n that_o may_v serve_v to_o clear_v they_o indeed_o all_o kind_n of_o awful_a submission_n and_o reverence_n be_v due_a to_o the_o prince_n from_o his_o subject_n but_o that_o be_v no_o way_n impeach_v by_o a_o modest_a and_o fair_a defence_n and_o therefore_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o any_o matter_n of_o complaint_n that_o be_v bring_v by_o the_o public_a exchequer_n whether_o criminal_a or_o civil_a the_o defendant_n have_v his_o full_a defence_n most_o free_a defensionis_fw-la facultas_fw-la danda_fw-la est_fw-la his_fw-la quibus_fw-la aliquam_fw-la inquietudinem_fw-la fiscus_fw-la infert_fw-la fise_v infert_fw-la lib._n 7._o co._n de_fw-fr jur._n fise_v liberty_n of_o defence_n ought_v to_o be_v grant_v to_o those_o who_o the_o exchequer_n bring_v into_o any_o trouble_n and_o whosoever_o be_v impeach_v as_o a_o malefactor_n that_o law_n be_v so_o indulgent_a to_o he_o till_o he_o be_v convict_v that_o if_o he_o be_v in_o prison_n the_o magistrate_n be_v to_o make_v know_v by_o open_a proclamation_n what_o day_n he_o intend_v to_o hear_v he_o ne_o high_a qui_fw-la defendendi_fw-la sunt_fw-la say_v quest_n say_v lib._n 18_o sect._n 9_o dig._n the_o quest_n paulus_n subitis_fw-la accusatorum_fw-la criminibus_fw-la opprimantur_fw-la quamvis_fw-la defensionem_fw-la quocunque_fw-la tempore_fw-la postulante_fw-la reo_fw-la negari_fw-la non_fw-la oportet_fw-la adeo_fw-la 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punishment_n neither_o the_o expiration_n of_o a_o year_n nor_o the_o efflux_n of_o any_o time_n shall_v bar_v he_o but_o that_o he_o may_v still_o be_v hear_v to_o defend_v himself_o rei_fw-la himself_o l._n 2._o co_fw-la de_n requirend_n rei_fw-la for_o self-preservation_n be_v so_o mâ—l_o so_o hoc_fw-la &_o ratio_fw-la doct_n &_o morgentibuâ—_n &_o serâ—â—_n natura_fw-la ipsa_fw-la prascripsiâ—_n ut_fw-la omnem_fw-la semper_fw-la vim_o à _fw-la corpore_fw-la à _fw-la capite_fw-la à _fw-la aquavitae_fw-la suae_fw-la propuisarent_fw-la cic._n pâ—o_o mâ—l_o natural_a that_o a_o law_n that_o be_v set_v up_o to_o infringe_v it_o may_v just_o seem_v to_o fight_v against_o nature_n these_o law_n therefore_o and_o such_o like_a as_o do_v thus_o cross_v and_o encounter_v common_a sense_n and_o natural_a reason_n be_v no_o fit_a to_o be_v style_v law_n than_o the_o dead_a carcase_n of_o a_o man_n that_o be_v destitute_a of_o the_o essential_o of_o life_n soul_n and_o reason_n can_v be_v call_v a_o man._n and_o therefore_o tully_n do_v set_v down_o the_o truth_n when_o he_o teach_v legib_n teach_v l._n 1._o de_fw-fr legib_n eos_n qui_fw-la perniciosa_fw-la &_o injusta_fw-la populis_fw-la jussa_fw-la descripserint_fw-la cùm_fw-la
truth_n yet_o there_o be_v nothing_o either_o of_o equity_n or_o reason_n to_o make_v they_o so_o authoritative_a and_o powerful_a as_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v draw_v into_o example_n for_o the_o future_a and_o be_v make_v pattern_n to_o determine_v other_o though_o never_o so_o like_a case_n by_o since_o the_o way_n and_o mean_n of_o obtain_v they_o may_v not_o be_v fair_a and_o their_o integrity_n and_o soundness_n be_v questionable_a four_o whereas_o similitude_n and_o likeness_n of_o case_n be_v the_o only_a reason_n to_o persuade_v the_o walk_n by_o the_o light_n of_o such_o judgement_n as_o have_v be_v before_o pronounce_v upon_o fact_n that_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v have_v the_o same_o circumstance_n quintilian_n 2._o quintilian_n institut_fw-la l._n 5._o c._n 2._o say_v very_o true_o vix_fw-la ulla_fw-la est_fw-la causa_fw-la per_fw-la omne_fw-la alteri_fw-la similis_fw-la there_o be_v scarce_o any_o cause_n that_o suit_v or_o agree_v with_o another_o in_o all_o circumstance_n and_o again_o iupraefat_n again_o lib._n 7._o iupraefat_n he_o say_v tot_o seculis_fw-la nulla_fw-la reperia_a est_fw-la causa_fw-la quae_fw-la est_fw-la totae_fw-la alteri_fw-la similis_fw-la in_o so_o many_o age_n and_o in_o such_o a_o multitude_n of_o case_n that_o have_v occur_v there_o have_v not_o be_v find_v one_o whole_o like_o another_o for_o indeed_o the_o dissimilitude_n and_o difformity_n that_o be_v among_o ourselves_o and_o the_o whole_a offspring_n of_o man_n not_o in_o outward_a form_n visage_n lineament_n or_o stature_n only_o but_o even_o in_o our_o nature_n temper_n inclination_n and_o humour_n also_o make_v all_o the_o matter_n we_o deal_v in_o and_o the_o action_n that_o flow_v from_o we_o disagree_v too_o also_o in_o the_o other_o production_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o accident_n that_o be_v common_o ascribe_v to_o chance_n and_o fortune_n there_o be_v such_o a_o strange_a and_o wonderful_a variety_n that_o nothing_o be_v act_v produce_v or_o happen_v like_o another_o but_o that_o there_o be_v some_o circumstance_n or_o other_o that_o do_v diversify_v it_o and_o make_v it_o differ_v when_o therefore_o case_n be_v either_o whole_o diverse_a &_o differ_v though_o in_o never_o so_o small_a a_o circumstance_n their_o determination_n can_v be_v the_o same_o 6._o same_o res_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la ipsa_fw-la valde_fw-la perniciosa_fw-la est_fw-la exemplis_fw-la non_fw-la legibus_fw-la judicare_fw-la cum_fw-la ex_fw-la levissima_fw-la personarum_fw-la vel_fw-la locorum_fw-la vel_fw-la temporum_fw-la varietare_fw-la judicia_fw-la mutentur_fw-la bodin_n de_fw-fr rep_n l._n 6._o c._n 6._o for_o diversity_n of_o fact_n must_v needs_o beget_v a_o diversity_n of_o law_n too_o and_o a_o very_a small_a circumstance_n will_v change_v and_o alter_v the_o state_n of_o any_o business_n and_o require_v clean_o another_o judgement_n than_o can_v be_v have_v from_o case_n that_o do_v not_o exact_o parallel_v they_o in_o all_o thing_n and_o this_o have_v make_v all_o lawyer_n to_o agree_v that_o argumentum_fw-la ductum_fw-la a_o simili_fw-la est_fw-la multùm_fw-la fragile_a &_o infirmum_fw-la nec_fw-la procedit_fw-la quaudo_fw-la datur_fw-la dissimilitudo_fw-la etiam_fw-la parva_fw-la 12._o parva_fw-la everard_n topi._n loc_fw-la à _fw-la simili_fw-la nu_fw-la 12._o a_o argument_n draw_v from_o a_o like_a case_n be_v very_o weak_a and_o impotent_a and_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n when_o the_o least_o dissimilitude_n be_v find_v five_o since_o before_o former_a precedent_n can_v be_v make_v fit_v rule_n to_o decide_v &_o judge_v other_o case_n by_o it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a that_o the_o case_n shall_v agree_v punctual_o in_o all_o such_o circumstance_n as_o be_v the_o prime_n efficient_a cause_n of_o such_o final_a and_o definitive_a judgement_n how_o shall_v this_o concordance_n be_v make_v evident_a and_o certain_a for_o it_o must_v either_o depend_v upon_o the_o memory_n and_o truth_n of_o a_o reporter_n and_o the_o judge_n together_o or_o else_o upon_o the_o safe_a keep_n of_o all_o that_o be_v allege_v and_o prove_v in_o the_o case_n in_o some_o rgistry_n or_o office_n and_o the_o exact_a search_n and_o perusal_n of_o all_o upon_o occasion_n neither_o of_o which_o be_v authentical_a and_o sure_a enough_o whereby_o to_o judge_v and_o condemn_v another_o man_n for_o either_o the_o report_n may_v be_v very_o easy_o mistake_v or_o some_o lead_a circumstance_n may_v slip_v out_o of_o the_o judge_n remembrance_n or_o some_o of_o the_o record_n be_v lose_v or_o mislay_v so_o that_o a_o part_n of_o the_o case_n whereupon_o the_o judgement_n pass_v may_v be_v want_v and_o not_o right_o know_v upon_o these_o and_o sucâ—_n like_o consideration_n be_v it_o that_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v so_o frequent_o express_v itself_o in_o disallowance_n of_o judge_v by_o precedent_n or_o example_n and_o direct_v judge_n to_o reflect_v only_o upon_o that_o which_o truth_n and_o the_o law_n will_v bear_v and_o not_o upon_o any_o thing_n that_o have_v be_v do_v by_o other_o licet_fw-la be_v qui_fw-la provinciae_fw-la praeest_fw-la omnium_fw-la romae_fw-la magistratuum_fw-la vice_n &_o officio_fw-la fungi_fw-la debeat_fw-la non_fw-la tamen_fw-la spectandum_fw-la est_fw-la quid_fw-la romae_fw-la factum_fw-la est_fw-la quam_fw-la quid_fw-la fieri_fw-la debeat_fw-la say_v proculus_n praesâ—a_fw-la proculus_n l._n 12._o dig._n the_o offâ—_n praesâ—a_fw-la though_o the_o provincial_a and_o inferior_a magistrate_n do_v exercise_v the_o same_o power_n and_o office_n that_o the_o magistrate_n do_v in_o rome_n yet_o he_o must_v not_o look_v so_o much_o at_o what_o they_o do_v in_o rome_n though_o the_o chief_a and_o head_n city_n as_o what_o indeed_o and_o in_o right_n they_o ought_v to_o do_v justinian_n also_o do_v by_o a_o express_a constitution_n make_v in_o his_o time_n command_v all_o the_o judge_n to_o pursue_v strict_o truth_n justice_n and_o the_o law_n and_o not_o in_o judge_v to_o take_v their_o example_n from_o the_o most_o solemn_a sentence_n of_o the_o high_a and_o most_o eminent_a judge_n in_o the_o whole_a empire_n no_o nor_o to_o follow_v such_o resolution_n as_o himself_o shall_v make_v to_o emergent_a doubt_n propound_v unto_o he_o if_o he_o have_v otherwise_o decide_v they_o then_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v non_fw-la enim_fw-la say_v he_o si_fw-la quid_fw-la non_fw-la bene_fw-la dirimatur_fw-la hoc_fw-la &_o in_fw-la aliorum_fw-la judicum_fw-la vitium_fw-la extendi_fw-la oportet_fw-la cùm_fw-la non_fw-la exemplis_fw-la sed_fw-la legibus_fw-la judicandum_fw-la sit_fw-la jud_v sit_fw-la l._n 13._o co._n the_o scent_n &_o inter_v l._n omn._n jud_v for_o if_o a_o case_n have_v be_v once_o determine_v amiss_o this_o shall_v not_o spread_v to_o the_o corrupt_a of_o other_o judge_n since_o we_o ought_v to_o judge_n by_o the_o law_n and_o not_o by_o example_n and_o therefore_o gordian_n the_o emperor_n make_v it_o a_o strange_a and_o a_o unwonted_a thing_n in_o rome_n that_o judgement_n have_v between_o other_o party_n shall_v either_o profit_n or_o prejudice_v those_o who_o be_v neither_o present_a then_o in_o court_n nor_o ever_o call_v res_fw-la inter_fw-la alios_fw-la judicatae_fw-la say_v he_o neque_fw-la emolumentum_fw-la afforre_fw-mi his_o qui_fw-fr judicio_fw-la non_fw-la interfuerunt_fw-la neque_fw-la praejudicium_fw-la solent_fw-la irrogare_fw-la not_z irrogare_fw-la l._n 2._o co._n quibus_fw-la res_fw-la judic_fw-la non_fw-fr not_z which_o hold_v not_o only_o in_o civil_a matter_n but_o as_o to_o prejudice_n reach_v to_o criminal_a also_o juris_fw-la manifestissimi_fw-la say_v dioclesian_n and_o maximinian_n emperor_n eod._n emperor_n l._n 3._o co._n eod._n &_o in_o accusationibus_fw-la his_fw-la qui_fw-la congressi_fw-la in_o judicio_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la officere_fw-la non_fw-la posse_fw-la siquâ—d_fw-mi forte_fw-fr prejudicii_fw-la videatur_fw-la oblatum_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o manifest_a in_o law_n then_o that_o in_o criminal_a prosecution_n a_o condemnation_n have_v can_v do_v no_o manner_n of_o hurt_n or_o hindrance_n to_o he_o that_o be_v not_o accuse_v i_o therefore_o say_v as_o to_o prejudice_v because_o when_o life_n or_o honour_n be_v in_o jeopardy_n by_o a_o criminous_a impeachment_n the_o law_n be_v so_o careful_a to_o preserve_v the_o same_o that_o the_o acquittal_n of_o one_o offender_n be_v a_o acquittal_n of_o the_o other_o also_o the_o law_n be_v more_o prone_a to_o absolve_v then_o to_o condemn_v and_o so_o ulpian_n answer_v in_o the_o case_n of_o adultery_n adulter_fw-la adultery_n l._n 17._o parag._n 6._o dig_v ad_fw-la l._n jul._n de_fw-fr adulter_fw-la expectabit_fw-la mulier_fw-la say_v he_o sententiam_fw-la de_fw-la adultero_fw-la latam_fw-la si_fw-la absolutus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la mulier_fw-la per_fw-la eum_fw-la vincet_fw-la not_o ultra_fw-la accusari_fw-la potest_fw-la let_v the_o woman_n wait_v the_o doom_n of_o the_o man_n if_o he_o be_v quit_v she_o be_v thereby_o free_a and_o can_v never_o be_v accuse_v but_o if_o he_o be_v cast_v that_o do_v not_o cast_v she_o but_o she_o shall_v defend_v herself_o notwithstanding_o and_o the_o reason_n that_o be_v assign_v be_v observable_a quid_fw-la enim_fw-la si_fw-la adulter_fw-la inimicitiis_fw-la oppressus_fw-la est_fw-la vel_fw-la falsis_fw-la argumentis_fw-la
testibusque_fw-la subornatis_fw-la apud_fw-la praesidem_fw-la gravatus_fw-la qui_fw-la aut_fw-la noluit_fw-la aut_fw-la non_fw-la potuit_fw-la provocare_fw-la mulier_fw-la verò_fw-la judicem_fw-la religiosum_fw-la sortita_fw-la pudicitiam_fw-la svam_fw-la defendet_fw-la possible_o he_o may_v be_v oppress_v with_o malice_n or_o condemn_v by_o false_a witness_n or_o the_o judge_n may_v be_v carry_v away_o with_o smooth_a word_n or_o mere_a outward_a show_n the_o woman_n come_v under_o a_o better_o and_o more_o upright_a judge_n may_v vindicate_v her_o chastity_n and_o clear_v her_o innocence_n better_o neither_o will_v any_o likeness_n of_o one_o case_n to_o another_o involve_v a_o absent_a person_n in_o such_o accident_n as_o have_v fall_v upon_o other_o man_n for_o nec_fw-la in_o simili_fw-la negocio_fw-la res_fw-la inter_fw-la alios_fw-la actas_fw-la absenti_fw-la praejudicare_fw-la saepe_fw-la constitutum_fw-la est_fw-la say_v the_o law_n judit_fw-la law_n l._n 4._o co._n quib._n res_fw-la judit_fw-la it_o have_v be_v frequent_o overrule_v that_o though_o the_o case_n be_v never_o so_o much_o the_o same_o yet_o a_o three_o person_n that_o never_o be_v a_o party_n shall_v sustain_v no_o detriment_n by_o what_o have_v be_v do_v between_o those_o that_o be_v for_o beside_o divers_a law_n that_o be_v set_v under_o other_o title_n there_o be_v a_o whole_a title_n to_o the_o same_o effect_n nocere_fw-la effect_n co._n res_fw-la inter_fw-la alios_fw-la judicat_fw-la aliis_fw-la non_fw-la nocere_fw-la neither_o do_v the_o law_n look_v upon_o it_o as_o any_o incongruous_a or_o strange_a thing_n that_o the_o same_o business_n shall_v be_v judge_v diverse_o for_o it_o do_v instance_n where_o it_o do_v frequent_o come_v to_o pass_v circae_fw-la inofficiosi_fw-la querelam_fw-la say_v paulus_n evenire_fw-la plerumque_fw-la assolet_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o una_fw-la atque_fw-la eadem_fw-la causa_fw-la diversae_fw-la sententiae_fw-la proferantur_fw-la testam_fw-la proferantur_fw-la l._n 24._o dig_v de_fw-fr inoffic_n testam_fw-la and_o the_o same_o say_v papinian_n filius_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la inoffociosi_fw-la actione_n adversus_fw-la dvos_fw-la haeredes_fw-la expertus_fw-la diversas_fw-la sententias_fw-la judicum_fw-la tulit_fw-la &_o unum_fw-la vicit_fw-la ab_fw-la altero_fw-la superatus_fw-la est_fw-la in_o a_o action_n that_o be_v bring_v against_o the_o will_n make_v by_o a_o father_n to_o the_o disinherit_n of_o his_o own_o child_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o have_v contrary_a sentence_n pronounce_v the_o son_n to_o vanquish_v one_o executor_n and_o to_o be_v overthrow_v by_o another_o and_o therefore_o the_o practicant_n allow_v not_o any_o such_o plea_n in_o the_o court_n as_o to_o say_v that_o the_o case_n have_v be_v judge_v except_o there_o be_v a_o concurrence_n of_o all_o these_o three_o thing_n together_o to_o wit_n that_o the_o cause_n and_o process_n be_v the_o same_o the_o right_a of_o action_n the_o same_o and_o the_o person_n the_o same_o too_o 17._o too_o gail_n ob_n lib._n 1._o ob_n 70._o nu_fw-la 17._o so_o that_o though_o the_o causa_fw-la agendi_fw-la the_o ground_n of_o suit_n be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o thing_n yet_o if_o the_o same_o person_n never_o have_v any_o such_o suit_n depend_v but_o that_o there_o be_v a_o new_a person_n in_o judgement_n which_o never_o appear_v before_o the_o proceed_n must_v now_o be_v make_v whole_o upon_o a_o new_a stock_n without_o consider_v how_o and_o in_o what_o manner_n the_o right_n have_v be_v judge_v before_o between_o other_o person_n neither_o be_v it_o material_a whether_o the_o judge_n that_o be_v to_o give_v the_o present_a judgement_n be_v the_o same_o that_o judge_v the_o like_a case_n before_o or_o whether_o they_o be_v diverse_a for_o the_o law_n be_v still_o the_o same_o in_o both_o menochius_fw-la resolve_v the_o one_o case_n 59_o case_n consil_n 59_o diversae_fw-la sententiae_fw-la say_v he_o à _fw-la diversis_fw-la judicibus_fw-la inter_fw-la diversas_fw-la personas_fw-la diversis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la ex_fw-la una_fw-la cademque_fw-la facti_fw-la specie_fw-la ferri_fw-la possunt_fw-la upon_o one_o and_o the_o same_o fact_n contrary_a sentence_n may_v be_v give_v by_o several_a judge_n between_o other_o person_n at_o several_a time_n and_o again_o 51._o again_o consil_n 180_o â—um_fw-la 51._o non_fw-fr aequissimâ—_n judicù_fw-fr est_fw-fr facere_fw-la quod_fw-la ab_fw-la aliis_fw-la fuit_fw-la factum_fw-la sed_fw-la quod_fw-la fieri_fw-la ab_fw-la illis_fw-la â—_o buit_fw-la sequi_fw-la it_o be_v not_o the_o part_n of_o a_o just_a judge_n to_o judge_v as_o other_o have_v do_v but_o as_o they_o and_o all_o aught_o to_o do_v as_o to_o the_o other_o christinaeus_n notwithstanding_o the_o great_a pain_n he_o have_v take_v to_o gather_v together_o as_o many_o judgement_n and_o decision_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o machlyn_n in_o the_o empire_n as_o take_v up_o six_o volume_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o stick_v to_o say_v 2._o say_v vol._n 1._o decis_fw-la 2._o that_o senatus_n non_fw-la ligatur_fw-la suis_fw-la anterioribus_fw-la sententiis_fw-la quin_fw-la valeat_fw-la postea_fw-la contrarium_fw-la judicare_fw-la the_o senate_n be_v not_o tie_v to_o former_a judgement_n but_o that_o they_o may_v judge_v the_o quite_o contrary_a afterward_o for_o he_o account_v it_o praiseworthy_a to_o relinquish_v a_o error_n and_o to_o embrace_v a_o truth_n at_o any_o time_n nor_o to_o be_v possible_a but_o that_o the_o change_n of_o time_n shall_v introduce_v change_n of_o opinion_n and_o judgement_n also_o and_o show_v that_o afflictis_fw-la in_o his_o time_n see_v that_o judge_v one_o way_n which_o grammaticus_n afterward_o report_v to_o have_v be_v judge_v the_o contrary_a 6._o contrary_a ac_fw-la propterea_fw-la euria_fw-la par_fw-fr siâ—â—â—â—_n in_o sententiis_fw-la saepius_fw-la haee_fw-la verbâ—_n subjecis_fw-la neu_n judicata_fw-la res_fw-la ad_fw-la consequentia_fw-la trabatur_fw-la bodin_n de_fw-fr rep_n l._n 6._o c._n 6._o thus_o then_o since_o we_o require_v that_o reason_n and_o natural_a equity_n shall_v be_v strong_a and_o vigorous_a both_o in_o law_n and_o custom_n or_o at_o least_o not_o mean_v repugnant_a to_o they_o when_o they_o come_v to_o judge_v we_o and_o that_o we_o see_v all_o manner_n of_o reason_n to_o stand_v against_o judge_v by_o precedent_n or_o forego_v judgement_n beside_o the_o universal_a law_n and_o practice_n of_o nation_n we_o conclude_v that_o the_o way_n of_o judge_v by_o precedent_n be_v as_o erroneous_a a_o guide_n to_o walk_v by_o and_o as_o little_a satisfactory_a to_o the_o people_n as_o a_o law_n or_o custom_n that_o be_v void_a of_o all_o equity_n and_o reason_n and_o therefore_o by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v entertain_v or_o admit_v and_o yet_o we_o must_v allow_v what_o callistratus_n report_v from_o the_o emperor_n legib._n emperor_n l._n 38._o dig_v de_fw-fr legib._n severus_n that_o rerum_fw-la perpetuò_fw-la similiter_fw-la judicatarum_fw-la autoritas_fw-la vim_o legis_fw-la obtinet_fw-la case_n constant_o judge_v one_o way_n for_o a_o long_a tract_n of_o time_n together_o do_v set_v a_o rule_n to_o such_o as_o shall_v succeed_v for_o as_o cujacius_n liken_n it_o to_o custom_n ju_o custom_n l._n 7_o dig_v de_fw-fr just_a &_o ju_o consuetudo_fw-la say_v he_o non_fw-fr vaelet_n nisi_fw-la ex_fw-la tempore_fw-la longo_fw-la usuque_fw-la frequenti_fw-la it_o a_o rerum_fw-la judicatarum_fw-la argumentum_fw-la non_fw-la valet_fw-la nisi_fw-la ex_fw-la tempore_fw-la longo_fw-la sive_fw-la diuturuo_fw-la frequentique_fw-la judicioque_fw-la simili_fw-la as_o custom_n be_v of_o no_o force_n except_o it_o endure_v a_o long_a time_n and_o be_v frequent_o put_v in_o ure_n so_o to_o argue_v from_o forego_v judgement_n be_v no_o weighty_a argument_n except_o they_o have_v be_v many_o and_o constant_o the_o same_o for_o a_o long_a time_n together_o in_o like_a manner_n it_o be_v most_o true_a that_o optima_fw-la legum_fw-la &_o consuetudinis_fw-la interpres_fw-la est_fw-la res_fw-la perpetuò_fw-la similiter_fw-la judicata_fw-la the_o judge_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n always_o in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v the_o best_a help_n to_o understand_v both_o law_n and_o custom_n by_o but_o than_o it_o must_v be_v say_v cujacius_n non_fw-la quodlibet_fw-la judicium_fw-la sed_fw-la quod_fw-la numero_fw-la &_o tempore_fw-la valet_fw-la as_o if_o he_o have_v say_v it_o must_v not_o be_v once_o twice_o or_o thrice_o judge_v so_o but_o the_o judgement_n must_v be_v many_o as_o well_o as_o alike_o and_o it_o must_v hold_v on_o so_o for_o a_o long_a time_n together_o before_o it_o can_v have_v the_o force_n or_o effect_v of_o a_o law_n and_o after_o it_o have_v so_o long_o prevail_v it_o may_v be_v esteem_v not_o so_o much_o law_n as_o reason_n for_o certain_o it_o can_v not_o have_v so_o long_o endure_v if_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o have_v not_o be_v evident_a to_o those_o who_o judgement_n be_v so_o conformable_a as_o never_o to_o disagree_v therein_o chap._n vii_o that_o they_o be_v great_a advantage_n which_o a_o nation_n have_v by_o rule_v by_o such_o a_o law_n as_o be_v rational_a the_o govern_n and_o judge_v by_o that_o law_n which_o reason_n teach_v we_o can_v but_o be_v effectual_a unto_o that_o nation_n great_a good_a that_o observe_v
at_o geneva_n and_o other_o place_n pretend_v strict_a reformation_n as_o to_o the_o proceed_n exit_fw-la officio_fw-la or_o otherwise_o in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n according_a to_o law_n and_o the_o due_a former_a practice_n nothing_o in_o that_o late_a act_n be_v say_v against_o it_o and_o therefore_o implicit_o at_o least_o it_o be_v allow_v and_o approve_v rati_fw-la habitio_fw-la mandato_fw-la aequiparatur_fw-la it_o be_v a_o rule_n of_o law_n the_o law_n in_o that_o case_n remain_v at_o it_o be_v before_o nothing_o need_v be_v say_v in_o justification_n thereof_o but_o only_o as_o touch_v the_o oath_n exit_fw-la officio_fw-la or_o other_o oath_n not_o to_o be_v administer_v as_o there_o and_o touch_v purgation_n touch_v the_o proviso_n in_o that_o late_a act_n that_o which_o forbid_v ecclesiastical_a judge_n to_o exercise_v any_o power_n etc._n etc._n as_o there_o and_o that_o other_o proviso_n that_o forbid_v they_o to_o tender_v or_o administer_v unto_o any_o person_n whatsoever_o the_o oath_n usual_o call_v the_o oath_n exit_fw-la officio_fw-la or_o any_o other_o oath_n whereby_o such_o person_n to_o who_o the_o same_o be_v tender_v or_o administer_v may_v be_v charge_v or_o compel_v to_o confess_v or_o accuse_v he_o or_o herself_o of_o any_o criminal_a matter_n or_o thing_n whereby_o he_o or_o she_o may_v be_v liable_a to_o any_o censure_n or_o punishment_n i_o say_v touch_v the_o former_a proviso_n he_o have_v i_o conceive_v give_v full_a satisfaction_n in_o that_o his_o apology_n in_o answer_v to_o the_o objeetion_n make_v in_o his_o time_n thereabouts_o therein_o also_o he_o clear_o and_o full_o justify_v the_o proceed_n of_o ecclesiastical_a court_n in_o general_a and_o particular_a case_n and_o to_o that_o other_o proviso_n touch_v the_o oath_n exit_fw-la officio_fw-la or_o any_o other_o oath_n and_o touch_v purgation_n as_o in_o that_o act_n i_o humble_o conceive_v salvo_fw-la meliore_fw-la judicio_fw-la he_o full_o and_o clear_o evince_v it_o that_o the_o law_n and_o practice_n thereof_o be_v just_a to_o tender_a and_o administer_v the_o oatâ—_n ex_fw-la officio_fw-la or_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o a_o party_n for_o the_o find_a ouâ—_n or_o simony_n adultery_n and_o other_o crime_n and_o deed_n of_o darkness_n difficidimae_fw-la probationis_fw-la so_o that_o evil_n may_v be_v remove_v from_o the_o land_n always_o provide_v that_o there_o be_v just_a cause_n for_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n so_o to_o tender_a and_o administer_v that_o oath_n that_o be_v that_o there_o be_v before_o such_o oath_n be_v so_o administer_v or_o tender_v to_o any_o party_n due_a proof_n make_v of_o a_o common_a fame_n that_o the_o party_n be_v guilty_a of_o such_o crime_n touch_v which_o such_o oath_n be_v to_o be_v minister_v or_o at_o least_o there_o be_v as_o in_o some_o case_n denunciatio_fw-la evangelica_n or_o canonica_fw-la or_o insinuatio_fw-la clamosa_fw-la or_o other_o sufficient_a indicia_fw-la praesumptionis_fw-la or_o suspicionis_fw-la to_o induce_v the_o judge_n to_o tender_v that_o oath_n and_o so_o the_o practice_n always_o be_v and_o if_o it_o ever_o be_v otherwise_o as_o i_o believe_v that_o will_v scarce_o be_v prove_v it_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v be_v he_o set_v down_o the_o due_a caution_n that_o ought_v to_o be_v have_v when_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o person_n to_o who_o that_o oath_n be_v tender_v will_v forswear_v himself_o then_o to_o forbear_v it_o and_o that_o in_o capital_a crime_n to_o the_o danger_n of_o loss_n of_o life_n or_o limb_n it_o be_v not_o the_o practice_n in_o any_o court_n to_o administer_v such_o oath_n for_o that_o very_a fear_n of_o perjury_n it_o be_v too_o much_o to_o be_v fear_v that_o too_o too_o many_o will_v rather_o forswear_v themselves_o then_o endanger_v either_o life_n or_o limb_n though_o in_o some_o place_n of_o scripture_n it_o appear_v that_o even_o in_o such_o case_n such_o oath_n have_v be_v administer_v the_o father_n of_o lie_n can_v speak_v truth_n in_o such_o a_o case_n 2.4_o job_n 2.4_o skin_n for_o skin_n or_o rather_o as_o some_o learned_a in_o the_o hebrew_n will_v have_v it_o skin_n after_o skin_n and_o all_o that_o a_o man_n have_v will_v he_o give_v for_o his_o life_n there_o also_o he_o show_v the_o weakness_n and_o inconcludency_n of_o that_o vulgar_a say_v nemo_fw-la tenetur_fw-la seipsum_fw-la prodere_fw-la or_o accusare_fw-la be_v indeed_o the_o trite_a and_o general_a objection_n that_o a_o man_n be_v not_o proper_o say_v to_o betray_v or_o accuse_v himself_o when_o as_o public_a fame_n or_o other_o sufficient_a indicia_fw-la presumption_n or_o suspicion_n have_v accuse_v he_o these_o be_v instead_o of_o the_o accuser_n and_o it_o seem_v disingenuous_a at_o least_o in_o those_o especial_o that_o pretend_v to_o learning_n and_o have_v or_o may_v have_v examine_v the_o canon_n and_o ecclesiastical_a law_n in_o that_o point_n to_o urge_v one_o piece_n of_o a_o sentence_n and_o leave_v out_o the_o rest_n where_o they_o find_v or_o may_v have_v find_v that_o sentence_n nemo_fw-la tenetur_fw-la seipsum_fw-la prodere_fw-la or_o accusare_fw-la they_o do_v also_o or_o may_v have_v find_v that_o which_o follow_v in_o that_o sentence_n viz._n sed_fw-la proditus_fw-la per_fw-la famam_fw-la tenetur_fw-la seipsum_fw-la ostendere_fw-la &_o innocentiam_fw-la svam_fw-la purgare_fw-la 6._o mat._n 4_o 6._o the_o accuser_n of_o his_o brethren_n cite_v scripture_n to_o our_o saviour_n say_v he_o he_o shall_v give_v his_o angel_n charge_v concern_v thou_o and_o in_o their_o hand_n they_o shall_v bear_v thou_o up_o etc._n etc._n leave_v out_o that_o in_o the_o text_n that_o follow_v after_o these_o word_n 91.11_o psal_n 91.11_o he_o shall_v give_v his_o angel_n charge_v concern_v thou_o that_o be_v to_o keep_v thou_o in_o all_o thy_o way_n which_o alter_v the_o case_n that_o note_n or_o comment_n upon_o the_o law_n or_o if_o they_o will_v needs_o call_v it_o a_o rule_n or_o maxim_n it_o matter_n not_o nemo_fw-la tenetur_fw-la seipsum_fw-la prodere_fw-la vel_fw-la accusare_fw-la sive_fw-la propriam_fw-la turpitudinem_fw-la revelare_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o crime_n simple_o secret_a and_o which_o be_v no_o way_n disclose_v or_o come_v to_o light_n but_o when_o such_o secret_a sin_n be_v by_o some_o of_o those_o way_n that_o open_v a_o way_n to_o enquiry_n of_o a_o person_n suppose_v criminous_a come_v abroad_o and_o so_o in_o some_o sort_n be_v manifest_v then_o those_o former_a rule_n cease_v and_o that_o of_o st._n chrysostom_n come_v in_o homil._n 31._o ad_fw-la hebraeos_fw-la non_fw-la tibi_fw-la dico_fw-la ut_fw-la te_fw-la prodas_fw-la in_o publicum_fw-la neque_fw-la apud_fw-la alium_fw-la accuse_v but_o upon_o such_o disclose_v then_o proditus_fw-la tenetur_fw-la seipsum_fw-la ostendere_fw-la &_o innocentiam_fw-la svam_fw-la purgare_fw-la this_o be_v for_o the_o avoid_n of_o scandal_n and_o that_o the_o party_n may_v be_v reform_v therefore_o do_v aquinas_n himself_o reason_n thus_o thom._n 2.2_o cum_fw-la quis_fw-la say_v he_o secundum_fw-la ordinem_fw-la juris_fw-la à _fw-la judice_fw-la interrogatur_fw-la non_fw-la ipse_fw-la se_fw-la prodit_fw-la sed_fw-la ab_fw-la alio_fw-la proditur_fw-la dum_fw-la ei_fw-la necessitas_fw-la respondendi_fw-la imponitur_fw-la per_fw-la cum_fw-la cvi_fw-la obedire_fw-la tenetur_fw-la as_o for_o tender_v the_o oath_n to_o the_o party_n where_o there_o be_v a_o accuser_n that_o be_v not_o do_v upon_o the_o crime_n till_o the_o fame_n be_v prove_v or_o sufficient_a presumption_n circumstance_n indicia_fw-la or_o suspicion_n or_o semiplena_fw-la probatio_fw-la the_o oath_n of_o one_o sufficient_a witness_n at_o least_o to_o induce_v the_o judge_n to_o give_v that_o oath_n though_o penal_a in_o some_o sort_n to_o the_o party_n this_o practice_n he_o prove_v consonant_a to_o god_n word_n to_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o primitive_a christian_a and_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o holy_a doctor_n and_o father_n of_o the_o church_n as_o also_o consonant_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o geneva_n and_o other_o at_o least_o seem_o strict_o reform_a church_n and_o to_o the_o practice_n of_o all_o christian_a nation_n and_o other_o nation_n not_o christian_a guide_v only_o by_o right_a reason_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o also_o that_o by_o the_o know_a law_n of_o this_o land_n the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n be_v so_o warrant_v and_o command_v to_o give_v that_o oath_n the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n and_o canon_n be_v full_a and_o clear_a in_o that_o point_n then_o he_o show_v how_o the_o proceed_n at_o common_a law_n in_o this_o land_n be_v the_o same_o not_o only_o in_o some_o criminal_a but_o civil_a cause_n also_o for_o private_a debt_n betwixt_o private_a person_n penal_a to_o they_o as_o in_o wager_n of_o law_n sometime_o for_o a_o great_a sometime_o a_o lesser_a debt_n betwixt_o two_o private_a party_n with_o the_o party_n oath_n that_o be_v accuse_v and_o his_o compurgator_n too_o even_o as_o in_o purgation_n canonical_a in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n together_o with_o other_o purgation_n or_o decisory_a oath_n