destroy_v all_o those_o that_o speak_v lie_n psal_n 5.7_o and_o it_o be_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o apostle_n to_o the_o colossian_n do_v not_o lie_v one_o to_o another_o col._n 3.9_o this_o opinion_n be_v very_o strenuous_o defend_v by_o st_n augustine_n and_o with_o he_o agree_v many_o both_o poet_n and_o philosopher_n very_o well_o know_v be_v that_o of_o homer_n ille_fw-la mihi_fw-la invisus_fw-la pariter_fw-la cum_fw-la faucibus_fw-la orci_fw-la cujus_fw-la mens_fw-la aliud_fw-la conduit_n quam_fw-la lingua_fw-la profatur_fw-la equal_a to_o hell_n itself_o hateful_a be_v he_o who_o heart_n and_o tongue_n do_v always_o disagree_v and_o that_o of_o sophocles_n aliena_n vero_fw-la proloqui_fw-la nunquam_fw-la decet_fw-la at_o vera_fw-la certam_fw-la si_fw-la cvi_fw-la pestem_fw-la ferant_fw-la huic_fw-la danda_fw-la venia_fw-la est_fw-la si_fw-la facit_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la decet_fw-la untruth_n to_o speak_v be_v a_o indecent_a thing_n yet_o if_o to_o any_o truth_n swift_a ruin_n bring_v a_o lie_n to_o he_o be_v not_o impute_v sin_n and_o that_o of_o cleobulus_n mendacium_fw-la odit_fw-la quisquis_fw-la animitus_fw-la sapit_fw-la he_o that_o sincere_o wise_a do_v lie_v detest_v aristotle_n be_v on_o this_o point_n somewhat_o modest_a simple_o say_v he_o and_o in_o itself_o lie_v be_v vile_a and_o reproachful_a but_o truth_n fair_a and_o commendable_a but_o this_o he_o say_v by_o itself_o consider_v without_o any_o regard_n to_o circumstance_n yet_o do_v not_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n want_v advocate_n and_o those_o of_o great_a authority_n as_o first_o in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n the_o example_n of_o many_o good_a man_n who_o though_o they_o do_v it_o upon_o very_o weighty_a occasion_n yet_o be_v they_o not_o reprove_v upon_o record_n for_o it_o concern_v which_o irenaeus_n be_v so_o instruct_v by_o a_o certain_a old_a priest_n give_v we_o this_o caution_n de_fw-fr quibus_fw-la scripturae_fw-la non_fw-la increpant_fw-la sed_fw-la simpliciter_fw-la sunt_fw-la positae_fw-la nos_fw-la non_fw-la debemus_fw-la fieri_fw-la accusatores_fw-la we_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v their_o accuser_n who_o word_n or_o deed_n the_o scripture_n do_v simple_o recite_v but_o not_o blame_v second_o the_o declare_a opinion_n of_o many_o ancient_a christian_n as_o origen_n clemens_n tertullian_n lactantius_n chrysostome_n hierome_n cassianus_n yea_o and_o of_o almost_o all_o christian_a writer_n as_o st_n augustine_n himself_o confess_v herein_o only_o dissent_v from_o they_o that_o he_o acknowledge_v it_o to_o be_v a_o very_a knotty_a question_n full_a of_o intricacy_n and_o by_o the_o learned_a various_o dispute_v 8._o plato_n de_fw-fr rep._n l._n 1_o &_o 2._o &_o 5._o xen._n lib._n 4._o socrat._v plut._n the_o stoic_a contract_n quint._n 12.1_o arist_n nic._n 7.3_o l._n 4._o c._n 8._o all_o which_o be_v his_o own_o word_n among_o philosopher_n the_o plain_a assertor_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v socrates_n and_o his_o two_o disciple_n plato_n and_o xenophon_n as_o also_o cicero_n and_o if_o we_o give_v credit_n to_o plutarch_n and_o quintilian_n the_o stoic_n who_o reckon_v this_o among_o the_o qualification_n of_o a_o wise_a man_n to_o know_v where_o and_o when_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o lie_v neither_o do_v aristotle_n himself_o seem_v to_o dissent_v from_o they_o in_o some_o place_n witness_v that_o clause_n of_o his_o beforementioned_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o itself_o that_o be_v common_o the_o thing_n consider_v in_o itself_o without_o respect_n to_o other_o circumstance_n for_o as_o andronicus_n rhodius_n give_v a_o instance_n in_o a_o physician_n lie_v unto_o his_o patient_n say_v he_o deceive_v indeed_o but_o yet_o be_v no_o deceiver_n and_o give_v this_o reason_n for_o it_o because_o his_o purpose_n and_o intention_n be_v not_o to_o deceive_v his_o patient_n but_o to_o preserve_v he_o and_o quintilian_n beforementioned_a defend_v this_o opinion_n say_v that_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v either_o honest_a or_o dishonest_a not_o simple_o from_o the_o fact_n but_o from_o the_o cause_n move_v to_o that_o fact_n so_o diphilus_n if_o by_o a_o lie_n man_n life_n preserve_v may_v be_v what_o harm_n may_v thence_o ensue_v i_o can_v see_v when_o neoptolemus_n in_o sophocles_n ask_v ulysses_n whether_o he_o be_v not_o ashamed_a to_o lie_v ulysses_n ready_o answer_v no_o if_o our_o safety_n do_v thereon_o depend_v the_o like_a testimony_n may_v be_v produce_v out_o of_o lisander_n and_o euripides_n so_o in_o quintilian_n also_o i_o read_v nam_n &_o mendacium_fw-la dicere_fw-la etiam_fw-la sapienti_fw-la aliquando_fw-la concessum_fw-la est_fw-la for_o it_o be_v no_o disparagement_n to_o a_o wise_a man_n sometime_o to_o tell_v a_o lie_n a_o wise_a man_n say_v eustathius_n upon_o homer_n may_v upon_o a_o great_a occasion_n tell_v a_o lie_n and_o for_o confirmation_n of_o what_o he_o there_o say_v he_o produce_v testimony_n both_o out_o of_o herodotus_n and_o isocrates_n there_o be_v some_o say_v donatus_n upon_o terence_n that_o writing_n concern_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o good_a man_n &_o ipsum_fw-la fallere_fw-la in_o tempore_fw-la rectum_fw-la putant_fw-la do_v esteem_v it_o a_o point_n of_o honesty_n sometime_o to_o deceive_v and_o indeed_o he_o that_o will_v do_v some_o man_n good_a can_v do_v it_o unless_o he_o circumvent_v they_o wherefore_o cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n for_o ligarius_n approve_v of_o such_o a_o lie_n as_o honest_a and_o charitable_a x._o to_o use_v such_o word_n as_o may_v be_v take_v in_o another_o sense_n not_o always_o unlawful_a these_o so_o different_a opinion_n may_v haply_o be_v in_o part_n reconcile_v by_o that_o common_a distinction_n of_o lie_n take_v in_o a_o strict_a and_o in_o a_o large_a sense_n for_o we_o do_v not_o here_o take_v the_o word_n so_o large_o as_o to_o comprehend_v all_o that_o falsehood_n which_o sometime_o be_v speak_v through_o imprudence_n as_o gellius_n right_o distinguish_v between_o mentiri_fw-la &_o mendacium_fw-la dicere_fw-la to_o lie_v and_o to_o speak_v that_o which_o be_v not_o truth_n but_o we_o take_v it_o here_o as_o it_o signify_v a_o untruth_n speak_v know_o whereby_o we_o contradict_v the_o conception_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n either_o in_o our_o understanding_n or_o our_o will_n for_o whatsoever_o be_v first_o and_o immediate_o signify_v by_o either_o word_n or_o other_o note_n be_v the_o conception_n of_o our_o mind_n wherefore_o he_o do_v not_o lie_v who_o though_o he_o do_v speak_v that_o which_o be_v false_a yet_o conceive_v it_o when_o he_o speak_v it_o to_o be_v true_a but_o he_o that_o say_v a_o thing_n be_v true_a yet_o think_v it_o to_o be_v false_a do_v undoubted_o lie_v for_o ream_n linguam_fw-la non_fw-la facit_fw-la nisi_fw-la rea_fw-la mens_fw-la 28._o de_fw-fr verbis_fw-la apost_n ser._n 28._o the_o tongue_n be_v not_o make_v guilty_a but_o by_o a_o guilty_a mind_n and_o as_o st_n augustine_n speak_v quantum_fw-la in_o ipso_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la fallit_fw-la sed_fw-la fallitur_fw-la he_o that_o speak_v a_o untruth_n but_o think_v it_o to_o be_v true_a do_v not_o deceive_v but_o be_v deceive_v and_o if_o so_o than_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o when_o any_o word_n or_o sentence_n will_v admit_v of_o divers_a signification_n either_o by_o familiar_a use_n or_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o art_n or_o by_o any_o figurative_a expression_n that_o be_v intelligible_a then_o if_o our_o inward_a meaning_n agree_v with_o any_o of_o these_o signification_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v esteem_v as_o a_o lie_n though_o he_o to_o who_o we_o speak_v be_v believe_v to_o understand_v it_o in_o a_o different_a sense_n quaelibet_fw-la ambr._n citat_fw-la à _fw-fr gratian._n l._n 22._o q._n 2._o post_fw-la si_fw-la quaelibet_fw-la thus_o do_v abraham_n commune_v with_o his_o servant_n subtle_o when_o he_o bid_v they_o to_o tarry_v there_o whilst_o he_o and_o his_o son_n isaac_n go_v a_o little_a further_o to_o sacrifice_n promise_v that_o they_o will_v both_o return_n which_o as_o then_o he_o intend_v not_o but_o these_o captious_a and_o equivocal_a expression_n be_v not_o rash_o to_o be_v allow_v yet_o may_v they_o upon_o some_o occasion_n be_v justify_v as_o in_o case_n we_o be_v thereby_o to_o instruct_v such_o as_o be_v commit_v to_o our_o charge_n or_o to_o decline_v some_o pernicious_a question_n whereby_o we_o may_v be_v ensnare_v 11.11_o john_n 11.11_o of_o the_o former_a christ_n give_v we_o a_o example_n in_o himself_o when_o he_o say_v our_o friend_n lazarus_n sleep_v which_o the_o apostle_n understand_v of_o his_o take_a rest_n in_o sleep_n so_o when_o he_o tell_v the_o jew_n that_o they_o will_v destroy_v the_o temple_n and_o in_o three_o day_n he_o will_v raise_v it_o up_o 21._o john_n 11.20_o 21._o which_o he_o mean_v of_o his_o body_n but_o they_o of_o the_o material_a temple_n so_o again_o when_o he_o promise_v his_o apostle_n that_o they_o shall_v sit_v on_o twelve_o throne_n judge_v the_o twelve_o tribe_n of_o israel_n 26.25_o luke_n 22.30_o matth._n 26.25_o and_o that_o they_o shall_v
drink_v new_a wine_n with_o he_o in_o his_o father_n kingdom_n he_o know_v very_o well_o that_o they_o understand_v he_o as_o of_o a_o temporal_a kingdom_n whereof_o they_o be_v full_a of_o hope_n even_o unto_o the_o very_a day_n of_o his_o ascension_n and_o thus_o in_o another_o place_n he_o speak_v to_o the_o people_n in_o parable_n lest_o hear_v they_o shall_v understand_v that_o be_v unless_o they_o shall_v bring_v with_o they_o such_o reverence_n and_o attention_n as_o be_v requisite_a in_o order_n to_o the_o right_a receive_n of_o his_o pure_a doctrine_n as_o to_o the_o latter_a use_n of_o these_o amphibology_n amphibology_n amphibology_n among_o profane_a author_n tacitus_n will_v furnish_v we_o with_o the_o example_n of_o one_o lucius_n vitellius_n who_o be_v urge_v by_o narcissus_n to_o unriddle_v himself_o and_o to_o speak_v the_o truth_n plain_o can_v never_o prevail_v but_o still_o he_o give_v ambiguous_a and_o doubtful_a answer_n such_o as_o may_v incline_v they_o to_o that_o whereunto_o he_o will_v have_v they_o lead_v so_o the_o same_o tacitus_n in_o another_o place_n speak_v of_o tiberius_n say_v 6._o tacit._n ann._n lib._n 6._o ita_fw-la compositus_fw-la ut_fw-la ex_fw-la eventu_fw-la rerum_fw-la adversa_fw-la abnueret_fw-la vel_fw-la prospera_fw-la agnosceret_fw-la he_o do_v so_o artificial_o compose_v his_o answer_n that_o expect_v the_o event_n he_o may_v either_o renounce_v the_o plot_n if_o it_o succeed_v not_o or_o own_o it_o if_o it_o prosper_v exposition_n much_o like_a unto_o that_o of_o the_o oracle_n to_o croesus_n if_o croesus_n over_o halis_n go_v a_o kingdom_n shall_v he_o overthrow_v which_o croesus_n understand_v in_o a_o wrong_a sense_n instead_o of_o conquer_a persia_n lose_v his_o own_o kingdom_n of_o lydia_n the_o like_a we_o read_v be_v send_v from_o rome_n to_o some_o that_o wait_v but_o for_o the_o pope_n fiat_fw-la to_o have_v kill_v king_n edward_n edvardum_fw-la occidere_fw-la nolite_fw-la timere_fw-la bonum_fw-la est_fw-la which_o be_v write_v without_o any_o point_n or_o comma_n will_v admit_v of_o two_o contrary_a exposition_n there_o be_v a_o very_a notable_a say_v among_o the_o hebrew_a doctor_n si_fw-la quis_fw-la norit_fw-la uti_fw-la perplexiloquio_fw-la recte_fw-la sin_v minus_fw-la taceat_fw-la if_o a_o man_n be_v put_v to_o answer_v insidious_a question_n can_v either_o prevent_v or_o avoid_v they_o by_o amphibology_n let_v he_o if_o not_o let_v he_o not_o answer_v at_o all_o for_o as_o st_n chrysostome_n observe_v he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v as_o a_o deceiver_n that_o use_v amphibology_n to_o a_o good_a end_n but_o he_o that_o use_v they_o to_o a_o bad_a but_o yet_o in_o some_o case_n to_o use_v they_o be_v not_o allowable_a as_o namely_o when_o either_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n or_o our_o charity_n to_o our_o neighbour_n when_o our_o reverence_n to_o our_o superior_n or_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o whereof_o we_o treat_v require_v that_o we_o shall_v clear_o unmask_v ourselves_o and_o declare_v the_o truth_n then_o to_o use_v these_o amphibology_n be_v not_o only_o indecent_a but_o impious_a so_o in_o contract_n we_o have_v already_o say_v whatsoever_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o contract_n require_v to_o be_v understand_v shall_v be_v declare_v so_o of_o law_n which_o shall_v be_v the_o guide_n of_o man_n manner_n it_o be_v require_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v express_v in_o the_o plain_a and_o most_o significant_a word_n that_o may_v be_v find_v now_o in_o the_o case_n of_o contract_n may_v that_o of_o cicero_n be_v fit_o understand_v that_o lie_v aught_o to_o be_v exclude_v out_o of_o all_o humane_a commerce_n which_o he_o seem_v to_o have_v borrow_v out_o of_o that_o old_a attic_a law_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o a_o market_n nothing_o ought_v to_o be_v speak_v but_o truth_n in_o which_o case_n the_o word_n mendacium_fw-la be_v to_o be_v take_v so_o large_o as_o to_o comprehend_v all_o doubtful_a and_o ambiguous_a phrase_n which_o we_o speak_v proper_o have_v hitherto_o exclude_v from_o this_o notion_n of_o lie_v xi_o the_o form_n of_o a_o lie_n as_o it_o be_v unlawful_a wherein_o it_o consist_v it_o be_v require_v therefore_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o lie_n common_o so_o take_v that_o what_o be_v either_o speak_v or_o write_v or_o by_o any_o other_o sign_n express_v can_v otherwise_o be_v understand_v than_o in_o such_o a_o sense_n as_o be_v different_a from_o his_o mind_n that_o so_o declare_v it_o but_o to_o a_o lie_n strict_o take_v as_o it_o be_v natural_o unlawful_a there_o be_v necessary_o require_v some_o peculiar_a difference_n which_o if_o right_o understand_v at_o least_o according_a to_o the_o common_a acception_n of_o nation_n can_v be_v nothing_o more_o than_o the_o violation_n of_o his_o exi_a and_o remain_v right_o with_o who_o we_o converse_v for_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o in_o respect_n of_o himself_o no_o man_n can_v lie_v let_v he_o speak_v never_o so_o much_o falsehood_n where_o by_o right_n i_o understand_v not_o every_o right_n and_o what_o be_v extrinsic_a to_o the_o thing_n but_o that_o which_o mere_o relate_v unto_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o his_o freedom_n with_o who_o we_o discourse_v to_o judge_v at_o the_o conception_n of_o our_o mind_n which_o as_o by_o a_o silent_a contract_n we_o be_v presume_v to_o owe_v unto_o he_o for_o this_o and_o no_o other_o be_v that_o mutual_a obligation_n which_o man_n be_v willing_a to_o introduce_v so_o soon_o as_o language_n be_v invent_v or_o those_o other_o note_n or_o sign_n general_o receive_v as_o significant_a of_o our_o inward_a thought_n without_o which_o obligation_n that_o invention_n have_v be_v altogether_o fruitless_a and_o therefore_o among_o the_o hebrew_n he_o that_o deprive_v a_o man_n of_o the_o mean_n of_o knowledge_n be_v say_v cor_fw-la furari_fw-la furari_fw-la cor_fw-la furari_fw-la to_o steal_v away_o his_o heart_n as_o jacob_n be_v say_v to_o steal_v away_o the_o heart_n of_o laban_n in_o that_o he_o do_v not_o acquaint_v he_o with_o his_o purpose_n to_o depart_v from_o he_o gen._n 31.20_o 26_o 27._o 27_o gen._n 31._o â—â—_o 26_o 27_o now_o it_o be_v also_o requisite_a that_o this_o right_a or_o liberty_n to_o judge_v by_o such_o word_n or_o sign_n at_o their_o inward_a conception_n shall_v remain_v entire_a at_o that_o time_n when_o we_o discourse_n for_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o though_o there_o be_v such_o a_o freedom_n yet_o it_o be_v then_o take_v away_o or_o may_v be_v by_o some_o other_o right_o that_o be_v supervenient_a as_o a_o debt_n that_o be_v may_v cease_v to_o be_v so_o by_o reason_n either_o of_o a_o acquittance_n give_v or_o a_o fail_n of_o the_o performance_n of_o some_o condition_n again_o it_o be_v require_v that_o the_o right_a that_o be_v violate_v be_v his_o with_o who_o we_o discourse_v and_o not_o a_o bystander_n or_o any_o other_o man_n as_o in_o a_o contract_n there_o arise_v no_o injustice_n but_o by_o the_o violation_n of_o the_o right_n of_o one_o of_o the_o contractor_n hence_o haply_o it_o be_v that_o after_o simonides_n plato_n refer_v the_o speak_n of_o truth_n to_o justice_n and_o that_o st_n augustin_n himself_o insert_v into_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o lie_n that_o it_o be_v speak_v animo_fw-la fallendi_fw-la with_o a_o purpose_n to_o deceive_v and_o cicero_n plato_n and_o oother_n will_v have_v the_o speak_n of_o truth_n to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o fundamental_o of_o justice_n and_o that_o that_o lie_v that_o be_v forbid_v the_o scripture_n do_v often_o describe_v by_o bear_v false_a witness_n against_o our_o neighbour_n 6.18_o instit_fw-la 6.18_o whereunto_o lactantius_n have_v respect_n where_o he_o say_v that_o no_o untruth_n ought_v to_o be_v speak_v at_o any_o time_n with_o a_o intent_n either_o to_o hurt_v or_o deceive_v our_o neighbour_n but_o this_o right_n may_v be_v take_v away_o as_o i_o have_v say_v as_o by_o express_a consent_n of_o he_o with_o who_o we_o converse_v when_o he_o declare_v before_o he_o speak_v that_o he_o will_v speak_v false_a and_o he_o to_o who_o he_o declare_v it_o do_v permit_v it_o so_o by_o a_o tacit_a consent_n or_o on_o a_o presumption_n ground_v upon_o just_a reason_n or_o by_o the_o opposition_n of_o another_o right_n which_o by_o the_o common_a judgement_n of_o all_o be_v most_o prevalent_a from_o these_o premise_n right_o understand_v many_o inference_n may_v be_v draw_v in_o order_n to_o the_o reconcile_n of_o those_o different_a opinion_n former_o mention_v xii_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o speak_v untruth_n to_o infant_n and_o madman_n as_o first_o in_o case_n we_o converse_v with_o either_o a_o child_n or_o a_o mad_a man_n if_o what_o we_o say_v be_v false_a it_o can_v be_v impute_v as_o a_o lie_n because_o as_o quintilian_n say_v it_o be_v universal_o permit_v as_o profitable_a to_o instruct_v infant_n by_o tale_n and_o fable_n
space_n sufficient_a before_o he_o die_v to_o do_v the_o same_o beside_o that_o danger_n into_o which_o a_o man_n wilful_o cast_v himself_o and_o out_o of_o which_o he_o may_v if_o he_o please_v redeem_v himself_o seem_v not_o in_o any_o moral_a judgement_n to_o be_v much_o esteem_v sword_n some_o of_o the_o apostle_n in_o christ_n presence_n travel_v with_o sword_n certain_a it_o be_v that_o some_o of_o the_o apostle_n even_o to_o the_o last_o time_n and_o in_o the_o presence_n and_o in_o the_o very_a sight_n of_o christ_n seem_v to_o travel_v begird_v with_o sword_n and_o so_o also_o do_v other_o galilaean_o journey_v out_o of_o their_o own_o country_n towards_o jerusalem_n the_o highway_n be_v much_o infest_a with_o thief_n as_o josephus_n inform_v we_o so_o also_o do_v the_o essenes_n the_o most_o harmless_a of_o all_o man_n as_o the_o same_o historian_n record_v it_o and_o hence_o it_o come_v that_o when_o christ_n tell_v his_o disciple_n that_o the_o time_n be_v at_o hand_n when_o they_o shall_v sell_v their_o vest_n to_o buy_v themselves_o sword_n luke_n 22.36_o some_o of_o the_o apostle_n ready_o make_v answer_v 22.36_o luke_n 22.36_o that_o there_o be_v in_o their_o company_n two_o sword_n but_o at_o that_o time_n there_o be_v none_o in_o that_o company_n but_o the_o apostle_n so_o that_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o some_o of_o they_o do_v go_v even_o in_o christ_n own_o presence_n arm_v with_o sword_n beside_o what_o christ_n then_o say_v although_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v not_o a_o precept_n but_o a_o prophecy_n foretell_v those_o many_o danger_n that_o be_v then_o at_o hand_n as_o appear_v by_o that_o opposition_n which_o these_o word_n have_v unto_o those_o in_o the_o 35th_o verse_n which_o speak_v of_o the_o first_o time_n which_o be_v secure_a and_o prosperous_a time_n wherein_o they_o need_v neither_o money_n nor_o sword_n whereas_o in_o these_o late_a time_n that_o be_v approach_v they_o shall_v have_v need_n of_o both_o yet_o be_v it_o such_o as_o seem_v to_o be_v take_v from_o that_o which_o be_v then_o wont_a to_o be_v do_v and_o which_o the_o apostle_n may_v lawful_o do_v it_o be_v well_o say_v of_o cicero_n gladios_fw-la habere_fw-la certe_fw-la non_fw-la liceret_fw-la si_fw-la uti_fw-la illis_fw-la nullo_n pacto_fw-la liceret_fw-la surely_n it_o be_v utter_o unlawful_a for_o christian_n to_o have_v sword_n if_o it_o be_v altogether_o unlawful_a for_o they_o to_o use_v they_o but_o as_o to_o the_o other_o objection_n take_v from_o mat._n 5.39_o namely_o object_n a_o ∣_o swer_v 2_o expl_n mat._n 5.39_o expl_n that_o we_o resist_v not_o he_o that_o do_v we_o a_o injury_n it_o be_v no_o more_o of_o universal_a obligation_n than_o that_o which_o follow_v give_v unto_o every_o man_n that_o ask_v both_o which_o do_v certain_o admit_v of_o some_o exception_n otherwise_o we_o shall_v too_o far_o neglect_v ourselves_o nay_o that_o precept_n of_o give_v to_o every_o one_o that_o ask_v have_v nothing_o subjoin_v unto_o it_o to_o restrain_v it_o but_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o common_a equity_n whereas_o this_o of_o nonresistance_n lawful_a private_a war_n in_o our_o own_o defence_n lawful_a seem_v to_o be_v both_o explain_v and_o restrain_v by_o the_o subsequent_a instance_n of_o a_o box_n on_o the_o ear_n that_o we_o may_v understand_v that_o that_o precept_n do_v then_o oblige_v we_o when_o the_o injury_n do_v we_o be_v but_o slight_a and_o easy_o bear_v such_o as_o be_v a_o blow_n on_o the_o cheek_n or_o somewhat_o that_o be_v like_a unto_o it_o which_o rather_o argue_v a_o contempt_n in_o the_o striker_n than_o infer_v any_o considerable_a damage_n to_o he_o that_o be_v strike_v for_o otherwise_o it_o have_v be_v much_o better_a to_o have_v say_v resist_v not_o he_o that_o injure_v thou_o no_o though_o he_o shall_v attempt_v to_o kill_v thou_o and_o as_o to_o those_o word_n of_o st._n paul_n to_o the_o roman_n expl_n rom._n 12.19_o expl_n avenge_v not_o yourselves_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d there_o use_v do_v not_o proper_o signify_v to_o defend_v as_o the_o latin_a translation_n render_v it_o but_o to_o revenge_v as_o appear_v by_o other_o place_n where_o the_o same_o word_n be_v use_v as_o luke_n 18.7_o 8._o and_o shall_v not_o god_n avenge_v his_o own_o elect_n so_o also_o luke_n 21.22_o these_o be_v the_o day_n of_o vengeance_n the_o like_a we_o find_v 2_o thess_n 1.8_o 1_o pet._n 2.14_o â—_o rom._n 13.4_o 1_o thess_n 4._o â—_o and_o this_o the_o connection_n of_o the_o word_n will_v plain_o show_v for_o the_o word_n precede_v be_v these_o requite_v no_o man_n evil_a for_o evil_n which_o be_v the_o proper_a description_n of_o revenge_n but_o not_o of_o defence_n beside_o st._n paul_n strengthen_v this_o advice_n with_o that_o place_n of_o deut._n vengeance_n be_v i_o i_o will_v repay_v it_o which_o must_v necessary_o be_v understand_v of_o return_v injury_n for_o injury_n for_o neither_o can_v the_o hebrew_n word_n there_o use_v be_v in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n nor_o the_o congruity_n of_o the_o sentence_n in_o that_o place_n possible_o understand_v of_o a_o bare_a defence_n now_o as_o to_o that_o which_o be_v say_v to_o st._n peter_n put_v up_o thy_o sword_n etc._n etc._n expl_n put_v up_o thy_o sword_n expl_n it_o do_v indeed_o prohibit_v the_o use_n of_o the_o sword_n at_o that_o time_n for_o revenge_n but_o not_o at_o other_o time_n in_o case_n of_o necessary_a defence_n neither_o indeed_o have_v peter_n at_o that_o time_n any_o need_n of_o defence_n for_o christ_n have_v already_o intercede_v for_o his_o disciple_n say_v suffer_v these_o to_o go_v away_o jo._n 18.8_o 9_o nor_o have_v christ_n himself_o any_o need_n of_o st._n peter_n sword_n for_o think_v thou_o say_v he_o that_o i_o can_v now_o pray_v to_o my_o father_n and_o he_o shall_v send_v i_o more_o than_o ten_o legion_n of_o angel_n neither_o will_v he_o then_o be_v defend_v for_o he_o thus_o infer_v shall_v i_o not_o drink_v of_o the_o cup_n that_o my_o father_n have_v give_v i_o ver_fw-la 11._o and_o so_o in_o mat._n how_o then_o shall_v the_o scripture_n be_v fulfil_v that_o thus_o it_o must_v be_v whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o st._n peter_n be_v at_o that_o time_n transport_v with_o a_o eager_a desire_n of_o revenge_n be_v very_o hot_a and_o zealous_a and_o not_o of_o defence_n only_o whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o peter_n do_v make_v use_n of_o his_o sword_n against_o those_o that_o come_v arm_v against_o christ_n with_o public_a authority_n now_o whether_o any_o case_n will_v justify_v our_o resistance_n of_o those_o that_o be_v thus_o arm_v be_v a_o peculiar_a question_n hereafter_o to_o be_v particular_o handle_v and_o whereas_o christ_n add_v these_o word_n they_o that_o take_v the_o sword_n shall_v perish_v by_o the_o sword_n it_o be_v either_o proverbial_o speak_v to_o show_v that_o blood_n require_v blood_n and_o consequent_o that_o the_o use_n of_o arm_n be_v never_o without_o peril_n or_o rather_o as_o origen_n revenge_n patience_n to_o be_v prefer_v before_o revenge_n theophylact_fw-mi and_o other_o interpret_v the_o place_n it_o show_v that_o we_o shall_v not_o be_v too_o rash_a in_o take_v the_o sword_n of_o vengeance_n out_o of_o god_n hand_n who_o will_v certain_o in_o his_o own_o time_n reply_v blood_n with_o blood_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v express_o say_v apoc._n 13.10_o he_o that_o lead_v into_o captivity_n shall_v go_v into_o captivity_n he_o that_o kill_v with_o the_o sword_n shall_v be_v kill_v by_o the_o sword_n here_o be_v the_o patience_n and_o faith_n of_o the_o saint_n very_o consonant_a whereunto_o be_v that_o of_o tertullian_n so_o fit_a be_v god_n to_o be_v trust_v with_o thy_o patience_n that_o if_o thou_o shall_v commit_v thy_o suffering_n unto_o he_o he_o will_v be_v thy_o avenger_n if_o thy_o grief_n and_o pain_n he_o will_v be_v thy_o physician_n if_o thou_o trust_v he_o with_o thy_o death_n he_o will_v raise_v thou_o up_o again_o o_o how_o great_a a_o power_n have_v patience_n that_o be_v able_a to_o make_v god_n himself_o to_o become_v our_o debtor_n beside_o in_o these_o word_n of_o christ_n there_o seem_v to_o be_v couch_v a_o prophecy_n of_o those_o punishment_n which_o god_n will_v take_v of_o the_o blood_n thirsty_a jew_n by_o the_o sword_n of_o the_o roman_n but_o as_o to_o the_o example_n of_o christ_n die_v for_o his_o enemy_n it_o may_v be_v thus_o answer_v though_o all_o christ_n action_n upon_o earth_n be_v full_a of_o virtue_n and_o goodness_n and_o such_o as_o may_v be_v so_o far_o forth_o as_o humane_a frailty_n will_v permit_v laudable_o imitate_v by_o we_o and_o that_o can_v want_v their_o reward_n yet_o be_v they_o not_o all_o such_o as_o be_v do_v either_o in_o obedience_n to_o any_o law_n or_o be_v
valid_a it_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o promiser_n to_o fulfil_v it_o ix_o whether_o a_o promise_v make_v for_o something_o that_o be_v vicious_a do_v natural_o oblige_v explain_v by_o distinction_n x._o what_o we_o be_v to_o judge_v of_o a_o promise_v make_v to_o gain_v something_o that_o be_v before_o due_a xi_o the_o form_n of_o a_o firm_a promise_n xii_o the_o manner_n how_o a_o promise_n may_v be_v valid_o make_v by_o other_o where_o also_o be_v discuss_v that_o of_o ambassador_n exceed_v their_o commission_n xiii_o master_n of_o ship_n and_o factor_n how_o far_o they_o be_v oblige_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n where_o also_o be_v observe_v the_o error_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n fourteen_o to_o make_v a_o promise_n valid_a acception_n in_o he_o to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v be_v requisite_a xv._o whether_o this_o acception_n ought_v to_o be_v certify_v to_o the_o promiser_n explain_v by_o distinction_n xvi_o a_o promise_n may_v be_v revoke_v the_o 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the_o same_o power_n over_o our_o action_n as_o we_o have_v over_o our_o good_n and_o herein_o likewise_o we_o have_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o learned_a nay_o the_o hebrew_n hold_v that_o where_o the_o thing_n consult_v about_o will_v not_o admit_v of_o delay_n our_o silence_n be_v equivalent_a to_o a_o sponsion_n for_o as_o the_o lawyer_n say_v no_o title_n can_v be_v natural_o more_o assure_v than_o that_o which_o the_o proprietor_n do_v willing_o transfer_v to_o another_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o be_v say_v there_o be_v nothing_o so_o fit_a to_o preserve_v faithful_a deal_n among_o man_n as_o to_o observe_v and_o perform_v whatsoever_o be_v promise_v and_o agree_v upon_o between_o themselves_o so_o a_o decree_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o money_n promise_v though_o there_o be_v no_o other_o reason_n assign_v why_o it_o shall_v be_v due_a but_o the_o free_a consent_n of_o he_o that_o promise_v it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v agreeable_a to_o natural_a equity_n he_o say_v paulus_n the_o lawyer_n do_v natural_o owe_v and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n must_v give_v indebiti_fw-la condictione_fw-la indebiti_fw-la upon_o who_o word_n and_o promise_n we_o have_v rely_v where_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o must_v observe_v that_o this_o word_n oportet_fw-la must_v imply_v a_o kind_n of_o necessity_n neither_o may_v we_o admit_v of_o that_o which_o connanus_n take_v as_o grant_v that_o we_o be_v then_o say_v to_o rely_v upon_o a_o man_n faith_n when_o the_o thing_n cease_v to_o be_v entire_a that_o be_v when_o something_o be_v already_o perform_v by_o one_o party_n for_o paulus_n in_o that_o place_n treat_v of_o a_o personal_a action_n bring_v for_o a_o thing_n not_o due_a which_o present_o cease_v as_o soon_o as_o something_o upon_o what_o agreement_n soever_o be_v pay_v because_o even_o before_o when_o nothing_o be_v as_o yet_o perform_v on_o either_o side_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n what_o be_v promise_v aught_o to_o be_v give_v although_o the_o civil_a law_n to_o prevent_v the_o occasion_n of_o unnecessary_a suit_n do_v give_v little_a or_o no_o encouragement_n to_o exact_v it_o but_o tully_n in_o his_o office_n attribute_n so_o great_a a_o power_n to_o promise_n 1._o lib._n 1._o that_o he_o make_v faithfulness_n to_o be_v the_o very_a foundation_n of_o justice_n which_o horace_n also_o call_v the_o sister_n of_o justice_n as_o the_o platonist_n also_o do_v ofttimes_o express_v justice_n by_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d come_v apul._n de_fw-fr plat._n plat._n lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr rep_n three_o degree_n of_o speak_v of_o thing_n to_o come_v truth_n which_o apuleius_n render_v by_o the_o word_n fidelity_n and_o simonides_n call_v it_o justice_n not_o only_o to_o restore_v what_o we_o have_v receive_v but_o even_o to_o speak_v truth_n that_o be_v to_o perform_v what_o we_o
word_n of_o the_o oath_n for_o he_o that_o call_v god_n to_o witness_v the_o truth_n of_o what_o he_o say_v be_v oblige_v to_o perform_v his_o word_n in_o that_o sense_n wherein_o he_o think_v himself_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o soldier_n who_o be_v a_o prisoner_n to_o the_o carthaginian_n have_v get_v his_o parole_n upon_o the_o credit_n of_o his_o oath_n when_o be_v depart_v a_o little_a from_o the_o camp_n he_o upon_o some_o pretence_n make_v his_o râ—â—urn_n unto_o it_o and_o suppose_v that_o he_o be_v thereby_o discharge_v from_o his_o oath_n flee_v immâ—aâ—â—â—ly_o to_o rome_n be_v by_o the_o senate_n immediate_o send_v back_o for_o they_o regard_v not_o what_o he_o intend_v that_o swear_v roman_n the_o reverend_a esteem_n of_o oath_n among_o the_o roman_n but_o what_o the_o carthaginian_n expect_v from_o he_o to_o who_o he_o have_v swear_v for_o after_o this_o rule_n do_v god_n himself_o judge_v qui_fw-la non_fw-la ut_fw-la juras_fw-la sed_fw-la ut_fw-la jurasse_fw-la putavit_fw-la cui_fw-la juras_fw-la audit_n sic_fw-la es_fw-la utrique_fw-la reus_fw-la this_o be_v that_o which_o the_o same_o cicero_n assert_n what_o be_v swear_v must_v be_v so_o do_v as_o he_o that_o impose_v the_o oath_n conceive_v must_v be_v do_v and_o it_o be_v the_o observation_n of_o tacitus_n that_o they_o who_o swear_v timorous_o crafty_o change_v the_o word_n of_o their_o oath_n have_v their_o conscience_n pollute_v with_o wickedness_n wherefore_o st._n augustine_n brand_v they_o with_o perjury_n who_o though_o they_o perform_v what_o be_v express_v by_o the_o bare_a word_n of_o the_o oath_n do_v yet_o delude_v the_o expectation_n of_o those_o to_o who_o that_o oath_n be_v give_v but_o as_o isidore_n well_o observe_v though_o the_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n be_v never_o so_o crafty_o pen_v yet_o god_n who_o be_v the_o judge_n and_o witness_v of_o the_o conscience_n do_v judge_n of_o it_o as_o he_o to_o who_o we_o swear_v understand_v it_o wherefore_o metellus_n do_v wise_o in_o refuse_v to_o swear_v to_o the_o apuleian_n law_n though_o he_o be_v tell_v that_o that_o law_n be_v undue_o enact_v and_o that_o the_o oath_n be_v not_o bind_v unless_o the_o law_n whereunto_o it_o refer_v be_v right_o gain_v for_o although_o in_o other_o promise_v it_o be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o suppose_v some_o tacit_a condition_n which_o if_o admit_v may_v absolve_v the_o promiser_n yet_o in_o oath_n such_o tacit_a condition_n be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v admit_v but_o if_o we_o do_v swear_v we_o must_v liquido_fw-la jurare_fw-la swear_v clear_o and_o apert_o for_o such_o a_o oath_n for_o confirmation_n be_v the_o end_n of_o all_o controversy_n as_o st._n paul_n testify_v to_o the_o hebrew_n and_o prove_v by_o the_o example_n of_o god_n himself_o who_o to_o show_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o promise_v the_o immutability_n of_o his_o counsel_n confirm_v it_o by_o his_o oath_n that_o by_o two_o immutable_a thing_n namely_o his_o promise_n and_o his_o oath_n wherein_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o god_n shall_v deceive_v we_o for_o so_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v best_a expound_v in_o this_o place_n 7.16.8.26.10.1_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d heb._n 4.17_o dan._n 7.16.8.26.10.1_o as_o plain_o speak_v be_v elsewhere_o call_v truth_n we_o may_v have_v a_o sure_a consolation_n for_o the_o clear_a understanding_n of_o which_o word_n we_o must_v know_v that_o the_o penman_n of_o the_o sacred_a story_n do_v often_o speak_v of_o god_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d after_o the_o manner_n of_o man_n not_o proper_o as_o he_o be_v in_o himself_o but_o as_o he_o appear_v unto_o we_o to_o to_o be_v for_o god_n do_v not_o real_o change_v his_o decree_n and_o counsel_n and_o yet_o he_o be_v sometime_o say_v to_o change_v his_o sentence_n and_o to_o repent_v as_o often_o as_o he_o do_v otherwise_o than_o his_o word_n seem_v to_o import_v by_o reason_n of_o some_o condition_n tacit_o understand_v though_o not_o express_v which_o cease_v to_o be_v so_o we_o read_v in_o jonah_n yet_o forty_o day_n and_o nineveh_n shall_v be_v destroy_v 4.2_o jo._n 4.2_o this_o be_v the_o sentence_n that_o be_v denounce_v against_o their_o impenitency_n but_o that_o cease_v the_o sentence_n be_v reverse_v yet_o god_n counsel_n do_v even_o then_o remain_v unchargable_a that_o such_o a_o condition_n be_v tacit_o to_o be_v understand_v will_v evident_o appear_v by_o that_o of_o the_o prophet_n jer._n 18.8_o and_o that_o this_o be_v true_a not_o in_o the_o case_n of_o jonah_n and_o the_o ninevite_n only_o jon._n 3.5_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o like_a proceed_n in_o the_o case_n of_o abimelech_n gen._n 20.3_o of_o the_o israelite_n exod._n 32.14_o of_o ahab_n 1_o king_n 21.29_o in_o which_o sense_n god_n may_v though_o improper_o be_v say_v to_o deceive_v we_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 9.2_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hos_fw-la 1.2_o abac._n 3.17_o jos_n 24.27_o esa_n 58.11_o job_n 41.6_o hos_fw-la 9.2_o sometime_o import_v a_o event_n delude_v our_o hope_n or_o expectation_n as_o it_o do_v heb._n 6.17_o 18._o levit._fw-la 6.2_o now_o this_o may_v easy_o be_v admit_v of_o in_o commination_n because_o they_o confer_v not_o a_o right_n to_o any_o and_o sometime_o in_o promise_n namely_o when_o some_o condition_n be_v understand_v though_o not_o express_v and_o therefore_o the_o apostle_n in_o the_o place_n recite_v do_v instance_n in_o two_o thing_n which_o do_v necessary_o infer_v a_o immutability_n in_o god_n first_o his_o promise_n which_o confer_v a_o just_a right_n second_o his_o oath_n which_o will_v not_o admit_v of_o any_o condition_n tacit_a or_o any_o way_n latent_fw-la as_o may_v also_o be_v see_v ps_n 89.30_o 31_o and_o so_o to_o the_o 36_o verse_n but_o it_o be_v another_o case_n where_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o business_n do_v clear_o discover_v some_o condition_n to_o be_v perform_v whereunto_o some_o do_v refer_v that_o of_o numb_a 14.30_o where_o god_n tell_v the_o israelite_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o come_v into_o the_o land_n concern_v which_o he_o swear_v to_o make_v they_o dwell_v therein_o save_v caleb_n the_o son_n of_o jephunne_v and_o joshua_n the_o son_n of_o nun._n though_o this_o promise_n of_o the_o land_n of_o canaan_n be_v much_o better_o understand_v as_o swear_v to_o the_o people_n and_o nation_n of_o the_o jew_n than_o to_o any_o of_o their_o person_n as_o be_v evident_a by_o verse_n 23._o sure_o they_o shall_v not_o see_v the_o land_n which_o i_o swear_v unto_o their_o father_n neither_o shall_v any_o of_o they_o that_o provoke_v i_o see_v it_o whence_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o oath_n that_o be_v make_v to_o their_o father_n be_v not_o to_o be_v fulfil_v to_o they_o but_o to_o their_o child_n for_o such_o a_o promise_n may_v at_o any_o time_n be_v fulfil_v which_o be_v not_o affix_v to_o any_o particular_a person_n like_a as_o it_o be_v afterward_o to_o caleb_n and_o joshua_n iv_o a_o oath_n by_o fraud_n procure_v when_o bind_v from_o whence_o we_o may_v also_o learn_v what_o to_o think_v of_o a_o oath_n by_o fraud_n gain_v for_o certain_o in_o case_n he_o that_o swear_v suppose_v somewhat_o to_o be_v do_v that_o real_o be_v not_o or_o somewhat_o to_o be_v true_a that_o be_v false_a and_o unless_o he_o do_v so_o believe_v he_o will_v not_o have_v so_o swear_v that_o oath_n bind_v he_o not_o but_o if_o it_o be_v doubtful_a whether_o he_o will_v not_o have_v bind_v himself_o by_o oath_n though_o he_o have_v not_o be_v so_o deceive_v then_o shall_v he_o stand_v to_o his_o agreement_n for_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o natural_o so_o well_o become_v a_o oath_n oath_n josh_n 9_o joshua_n oath_n as_o plain_a meaning_n and_o hereunto_o we_o may_v refer_v the_o oath_n of_o joshua_n to_o the_o gibeonite_n which_o though_o it_o be_v gain_v by_o fraud_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o thence_o necessary_o follow_v that_o have_v joshua_n know_v that_o they_o dwell_v among_o the_o canaanite_n he_o will_v not_o have_v spare_v they_o and_o whereas_o the_o israelite_n say_v perhaps_o you_o live_v among_o we_o and_o how_o then_o shall_v we_o make_v a_o league_n with_o you_o it_o may_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o league_n which_o the_o gibeonite_n desire_v whether_o of_o alliance_n only_o as_o among_o equal_n or_o of_o dedition_n as_o with_o such_o who_o to_o preserve_v their_o life_n do_v willing_o surrender_v all_o thing_n else_o to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o conqueror_n or_o it_o be_v so_o speak_v to_o show_v that_o as_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o they_o to_o enter_v into_o any_o league_n with_o some_o people_n mean_v that_o of_o alliance_n so_o also_o it_o be_v not_o prohibit_v they_o to_o save_v the_o life_n of_o such_o as_o shall_v free_o surrender_v themselves_o to_o
privilege_n be_v but_o private_a law_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v maintain_v against_o the_o public_a safety_n which_o be_v the_o high_a law_n and_o this_o she_o assert_n to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n it_o many_o thing_n to_o this_o purpose_n we_o may_v find_v in_o jo._n meursius_n his_o danish_a history_n l._n 1._o &_o 2._o where_o the_o lubecker_n and_o the_o emperor_n be_v for_o a_o free_a trade_n the_o dane_n against_o it_o the_o carthaginian_n we_o read_v sometime_o take_v the_o roman_n prisoner_n who_o have_v carry_v such_o warlike_a provision_n to_o their_o enemy_n but_o yet_o upon_o demand_n they_o set_v they_o at_o liberty_n but_o demetrius_n be_v possess_v of_o attica_n and_o have_v strict_o begird_v athens_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n take_v a_o ship_n that_o be_v attempt_v to_o relieve_v it_o be_v now_o ready_a to_o yield_v hang_v the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n together_o with_o the_o pilot_n whereby_o other_o be_v deter_v from_o the_o like_a attempt_n the_o city_n be_v yield_v unto_o he_o as_o plutarch_n relate_v in_o the_o life_n of_o demetrius_n not_o much_o unlike_a unto_o this_o be_v that_o which_o the_o same_o plutarch_n in_o his_o mithridatick_a war_n testify_v of_o pompey_n that_o he_o place_v guard_n upon_o the_o bosphorus_n so_o that_o if_o any_o merchant_n sail_v through_o it_o they_o be_v if_o take_v put_v to_o death_n vi_o whether_o fraud_n in_o war_n be_v lawful_a as_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o prosecute_a war_n it_o be_v general_o grant_v that_o force_n and_o terror_n be_v the_o most_o proper_a way_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o deceit_n be_v lawful_a both_o homer_n and_o pindar_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o a_o enemy_n may_v be_v annoy_v any_o way_n by_o fraud_n or_o force_n plain_o or_o secret_o clamve_fw-la palamve_fw-la so_o virgil_n force_n or_o deceit_n who_o in_o a_o foe_n dispute_v no_o man_n be_v more_o famous_a for_o wisdom_n than_o solon_n yet_o he_o make_v use_v of_o both_o 15._o lib._n 15._o so_o do_v fabius_n maximus_n and_o be_v high_o commend_v for_o it_o by_o silius_n for_o stratagem_n of_o war_n none_o so_o celebrate_v as_o ulysses_n among_o the_o grecian_n from_o whence_o lucian_n make_v this_o conclusion_n agesilaus_n lucian_n phil._n xenoph._n de_fw-fr cyri_n inst_z lib._n 1._o thucyd._n lib._n 5._o plut._n agesilaus_n that_o deceit_n in_o war_n be_v praiseworthy_a there_o be_v nothing_o so_o profitable_a in_o war_n as_o fraud_n say_v xenophon_n bracidas_n in_o thucydides_n give_v the_o great_a honour_n unto_o he_o that_o overcome_v his_o enemy_n by_o craft_n and_o subtlety_n host_n decipere_fw-la &_o justum_fw-la &_o licitum_fw-la to_o overreach_v a_o enemy_n say_v agesilaus_n in_o plutarch_n be_v both_o just_a and_o lawful_a so_o polybius_n he_o that_o can_v circumvent_v his_o enemy_n by_o wile_n and_o stratagem_n deserve_v more_o honour_n than_o he_o that_o overcome_v he_o by_o plain_a force_n and_o from_o he_o silius_n bring_v in_o corvinus_n speak_v thus_o bellandum_fw-la est_fw-la astu_fw-la levior_fw-la laus_fw-la in_o deuce_n dextra_fw-la it_o be_v fraud_n not_o force_n commend_v a_o captain_n most_o so_o also_o think_v the_o severe_a spartan_n as_o plutarch_n note_v in_o the_o life_n of_o marcellus_n and_o therefore_o they_o offer_v more_o solemn_a sacrifice_n to_o the_o god_n for_o a_o victory_n obtain_v by_o craft_n and_o policy_n than_o for_o that_o which_o be_v gain_v by_o mere_a force_n and_o herein_o it_o be_v that_o the_o same_o plutarch_n commend_v lysander_n because_o he_o use_v more_o craft_n than_o courage_n in_o destroy_v his_o enemy_n with_o who_o he_o compare_v sylla_n of_o who_o this_o character_n be_v give_v that_o he_o piece_v to_o the_o lion_n skin_n the_o fox_n tail_n so_o likewise_o in_o that_o encomium_n which_o he_o give_v of_o philopoemen_n he_o insert_v this_o that_o be_v well_o instruct_v in_o the_o cretensian_a discipline_n he_o do_v expedite_v that_o plain_a and_o generous_a way_n of_o fight_v by_o wile_n and_o stratagem_n thus_o ammianus_n also_o nullo_n discrimine_fw-la virtutis_fw-la ac_fw-la doli_fw-la prosperi_fw-la omnes_fw-la laudari_fw-la debent_fw-la bellorum_fw-la eventus_fw-la without_o any_o distinction_n at_o all_o between_o craft_n or_o courage_n all_o prosperous_a success_n in_o war_n deserve_v commendation_n the_o roman_a lawyer_n account_v all_o fraud_n whereby_o a_o enemy_n be_v weaken_v to_o be_v just_a and_o honest_a and_o if_o a_o man_n can_v by_o any_o mean_n delude_v the_o design_n of_o his_o enemy_n whether_o it_o be_v by_o force_n or_o wit_n he_o be_v to_o be_v encourage_v neither_o among_o divine_n do_v st_n augustine_n differ_v in_o opinion_n from_o these_o historian_n as_o appear_v by_o his_o ten_o question_n on_o joshua_n 10_o sup_v josh_n qu._n 10_o cum_fw-la justum_fw-la bellum_fw-la suscipitur_fw-la vi_fw-la aperta_fw-la pugnet_fw-la quis_fw-la aut_fw-la insidiis_fw-la nihil_fw-la ad_fw-la justitiam_fw-la interest_n in_o case_n the_o war_n be_v just_a say_v he_o it_o matter_n not_o to_o the_o justice_n of_o its_o prosecution_n whether_o it_o be_v by_o force_n or_o policy_n nay_o st._n chrysostome_n seem_v to_o give_v great_a honour_n to_o those_o general_n that_o overcome_v their_o enemy_n by_o subtlety_n than_o to_o those_o who_o conquer_v they_o by_o pure_a valour_n but_o there_o be_v opinion_n that_o seem_v to_o defend_v the_o contrary_a some_o whereof_o we_o shall_v rehearse_v anon_o the_o main_a hinge_n whereupon_o the_o controversy_n hang_v be_v this_o whether_o deceit_n be_v universal_o evil_a for_o theâ—_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o we_o be_v not_o to_o do_v evil_a that_o good_a may_v come_v of_o it_o or_o whether_o deceit_n be_v to_o be_v rank_v among_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v not_o universal_o evil_a in_o their_o own_o nature_n but_o that_o sometime_o it_o may_v so_o happen_v that_o it_o may_v be_v good_n vii_o fraud_n in_o its_o negative_a act_n not_o unlawful_a here_o therefore_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o some_o fraud_n consist_v in_o a_o negative_a act_n and_o some_o in_o a_o positive_a but_o in_o this_o question_n i_o extend_v the_o word_n fraud_n even_o unto_o those_o thing_n which_o consist_v in_o the_o negative_a act_n as_o labeo_n do_v who_o refer_v it_o unto_o that_o fraud_n which_o be_v not_o evil_a when_o a_o man_n by_o dissimulation_n preserve_v that_o which_o be_v either_o his_o own_o or_o another_o man_n 3._o de_fw-fr offic._n 3._o cicero_n doubtless_o be_v very_o short_a in_o his_o expression_n when_o he_o labour_v to_o explode_v simulation_n and_o dissimulation_n out_o of_o the_o world_n for_o see_v that_o we_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o reveal_v unto_o other_o all_o that_o we_o either_o know_v or_o will_v have_v it_o will_v follow_v that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o we_o to_o dissemble_v some_o thing_n before_o some_o man_n that_o be_v to_o hide_v from_o they_o somewhat_o of_o what_o we_o know_v 10._o lib._n count_v mendat_fw-la cap._n 10._o or_o of_o what_o we_o desire_v licet_fw-la occultare_fw-la veritatem_fw-la prudenter_fw-la sub_fw-la aliqua_fw-la dissimulatione_fw-la the_o truth_n we_o may_v sometime_o prudent_o conceal_v under_o some_o disguise_n say_v st_n augustine_n which_o we_o may_v do_v without_o be_v just_o charge_v with_o lie_v for_o as_o the_o same_o author_n elsewhere_o speak_v aliud_fw-la est_fw-la mentiri_fw-la aliud_fw-la verum_fw-la occultare_fw-la it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o lie_v and_o another_o to_o conceal_v the_o truth_n as_o abraham_n when_o he_o affirm_v sarah_n to_o be_v his_o sister_n do_v not_o therein_o deny_v that_o she_o be_v his_o wife_n but_o only_o conceal_v it_o so_o st_n augustine_n veritatem_fw-la voluit_fw-la celari_fw-la 20._o gen._n 20._o non_fw-la mendacium_fw-la dici_fw-la he_o be_v indeed_o willing_a that_o the_o truth_n shall_v lie_v undiscovered_a without_o tell_v a_o lie_n now_o if_o this_o be_v lawful_a in_o other_o sure_o it_o be_v necessary_a and_o unavoidable_a in_o prince_n as_o cicero_n testify_v in_o many_o place_n a_o notable_a example_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o the_o prophet_n jeremiah_n 38._o jerem._n 38._o where_o the_o prophet_n be_v inquire_v of_o concern_v the_o event_n of_o the_o siege_n do_v at_o the_o king_n request_n prudent_o conceal_v it_o from_o the_o noble_n allege_v some_o other_o cause_n of_o their_o conference_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v real_o true_a also_o so_o abraham_n tell_v abimelech_n true_a when_o he_o say_v of_o sarah_n that_o she_o be_v his_o sister_n that_o be_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o that_o speech_n among_o the_o hebrew_n his_o near_a kinswoman_n dissemble_v for_o that_o time_n that_o she_o be_v his_o wife_n viii_o fraud_n in_o its_o positive_a act_n distinguish_v but_o fraud_n which_o consist_v in_o a_o positive_a act_n if_o in_o thing_n be_v call_v simulation_n if_o in_o word_n a_o lie_n some_o place_n the_o difference_n between_o these_o two_o in_o this_o that_o word_n do_v natural_o signify_v the_o conception_n of_o our_o mind_n but_o thing_n not_o
but_o the_o immediate_a reason_n be_v because_o not_o have_v a_o freedom_n of_o judgement_n they_o can_v be_v injure_v about_o that_o liberty_n which_o they_o have_v not_o xiii_o when_o he_o to_o who_o we_o direct_v our_o speech_n be_v not_o deceive_v but_o a_o by-stander_n second_o whilst_o we_o discourse_v with_o one_o man_n who_o be_v not_o deceive_v if_o another_o to_o who_o we_o direct_v not_o our_o discourse_n be_v thereby_o deceive_v we_o can_v be_v just_o charge_v with_o a_o lie_n for_o first_o it_o be_v not_o a_o lie_n in_o respect_n of_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v speak_v because_o his_o judgement_n remain_v sound_a and_o uncorrupted_a as_o he_o do_v who_o hear_v a_o romance_n understand_v it_o to_o be_v so_o so_o likewise_o do_v he_o who_o hear_v a_o parable_n or_o figurative_a speech_n whether_o it_o be_v by_o way_n of_o irony_n or_o hyperbole_n whereby_o we_o arrive_v as_o seneca_n speak_v at_o the_o knowledge_n of_o what_o be_v true_a by_o something_o that_o be_v not_o true_a irony_n de_fw-fr benef._n l._n 7._o c._n 23._o hyperbole_n irony_n assert_v thing_n incredible_a to_o gain_v belief_n to_o thing_n credible_a neither_o be_v it_o a_o lie_n in_o respect_n of_o he_o that_o overhear_v it_o because_o he_o be_v not_o concern_v in_o our_o discourse_n we_o stand_v no_o way_n oblige_v unto_o he_o but_o if_o that_o man_n do_v conceive_v a_o erroneous_a opinion_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o discourse_n between_o other_o he_o may_v just_o blame_v himself_o if_o he_o be_v deceive_v 5._o see_v albericus_n gent._n l._n 2._o c._n 5._o and_o not_o other_o for_o to_o speak_v proper_o our_o speech_n one_o with_o another_o be_v no_o speech_n at_o all_o in_o respect_n of_o a_o by-stander_n neither_o do_v it_o signify_v to_o he_o any_o thing_n hysp_n livy_n l._n 34._o app._n hysp_n and_o therefore_o neither_o be_v cato_n the_o censor_n to_o be_v blame_v for_o promise_a aid_n to_o his_o confederate_n though_o false_o nor_o flaccus_n in_o divulge_v unto_o other_o that_o emilius_n have_v take_v his_o enemy_n city_n by_o assault_n though_o it_o be_v untrue_a and_o his_o enemy_n thereby_o deceive_v the_o like_a plutarch_n record_v of_o agesilaus_n for_o nothing_o be_v therein_o say_v to_o the_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o the_o damage_n that_o be_v consequent_a thereunto_o be_v but_o extrinsic_a and_o adventitious_a which_o to_o a_o enemy_n either_o to_o wish_v or_o procure_v be_v not_o unlawful_a unto_o this_o kind_n of_o false_a speak_a st_n chrysostome_n hierome_n cyril_n and_o other_o refer_v that_o speech_n of_o st_n paul_n reprove_v st_n peter_n at_o antioch_n for_o too_o much_o judaize_v as_o believe_v that_o st_n peter_n very_o well_o understand_v st_n paul_n namely_o that_o he_o do_v it_o not_o serious_o and_o in_o good_a earnest_n but_o only_o to_o prevent_v a_o scandal_n that_o may_v thence_o arise_v to_o such_o as_o be_v weak_a among_o they_o fourteen_o when_o our_o speech_n be_v direct_v to_o he_o that_o be_v willing_a to_o be_v deceive_v the_o three_o inference_n be_v this_o when_o we_o be_v sure_a that_o he_o with_o who_o we_o converse_v will_v not_o only_o not_o be_v offend_v though_o his_o judgement_n be_v for_o the_o present_a delude_v but_o that_o he_o will_v also_o be_v thankful_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o profit_n that_o will_v thence_o arise_v to_o he_o in_o this_o case_n a_o lie_n strict_o take_v that_o be_v a_o injurious_a lie_n can_v be_v impute_v unto_o we_o no_o more_o than_o that_o can_v be_v impute_v unto_o we_o as_o theft_n when_o upon_o presumption_n that_o the_o owner_n will_v not_o be_v offend_v we_o spend_v somewhat_o that_o be_v he_o thereby_o to_o procure_v he_o a_o much_o great_a profit_n for_o in_o case_n of_o such_o certain_a profit_n our_o presumption_n be_v as_o authoritative_a as_o his_o express_a consent_n and_o to_o he_o that_o be_v willing_a be_v no_o injury_n do_v wherefore_o a_o physician_n be_v not_o presume_v to_o lie_v when_o he_o cheer_v up_o his_o despond_v patient_a with_o the_o feign_a hope_n of_o recovery_n or_o when_o a_o general_n in_o a_o dangerous_a battle_n cheer_v up_o the_o spirit_n of_o his_o faint_a soldier_n with_o some_o comfortable_a news_n though_o false_a whereby_o he_o procure_v both_o their_o safety_n and_o victory_n we_o be_v altogether_o to_o speak_v truth_n say_v democritus_n where_o it_o be_v advantageous_a yet_o as_o xenophon_n observe_v deceive_v we_o may_v even_o our_o very_a friend_n when_o it_o redound_v to_o their_o good_a the_o physician_n say_v maximus_n tyrius_n deceive_v his_o patient_n the_o general_n his_o soldier_n and_o the_o pilot_n his_o mariner_n yet_o neither_o of_o these_o can_v be_v say_v to_o injure_v they_o whereof_o proclus_n in_o plato_n give_v this_o reason_n because_o that_o which_o be_v good_a be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o that_o which_o be_v true_a plut._n quod_fw-la bonum_fw-la est_fw-la id_fw-la vero_fw-la est_fw-la melius_fw-la socr._n 4._o plut._n history_n be_v full_a of_o example_n of_o this_o nature_n as_o that_o in_o xenophon_n when_o to_o encourage_v his_o soldier_n he_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v give_v out_o that_o a_o army_n of_o their_o confederate_n be_v come_v to_o assist_v they_o and_o that_o of_o agesilaus_n in_o plutarch_n who_o when_o he_o come_v into_o boeotia_n and_o there_o understand_v that_o pysander_n be_v there_o overthrow_v in_o a_o naval_a battle_n by_o pharnabazus_n and_o conon_n cause_v the_o quite_o contrary_a to_o be_v publish_v to_o the_o army_n which_o to_o confirm_v he_o come_v crown_v into_o the_o temple_n cause_v solemn_a sacrifice_n to_o be_v offer_v to_o the_o god_n for_o the_o victory_n and_o that_o salubre_fw-la mendacium_fw-la as_o historian_n call_v it_o that_o wholesome_a lie_n of_o the_o consul_n quinctius_n who_o to_o encourage_v the_o right_a wing_n give_v it_o out_o that_o the_o left_a wing_n have_v rout_v their_o enemy_n thus_o be_v that_o of_o clemens_n alexandrinus_n to_o be_v understand_v who_o allow_v of_o a_o lie_n as_o the_o utmost_a refuge_n in_o the_o time_n of_o danger_n where_o we_o must_v observe_v that_o the_o injury_n that_o be_v do_v unto_o the_o judgement_n in_o this_o kind_n be_v so_o much_o the_o less_o as_o it_o be_v momentany_a whereas_o the_o good_a that_o may_v ensue_v be_v great_a general_a and_o last_a for_o the_o victory_n be_v gain_v the_o truth_n immediate_o appear_v xv._o when_o he_o that_o speak_v use_v that_o sovereign_a power_n he_o have_v over_o his_o subject_n the_o four_o and_o that_o which_o come_v near_a unto_o the_o former_a be_v this_o so_o often_o as_o he_o who_o have_v a_o supereminent_a right_n over_o all_o the_o right_n of_o another_o make_v use_n of_o that_o right_n either_o for_o his_o own_o particular_a interest_n or_o the_o public_a good_a and_o hereunto_o have_v plato_n 3._o plato_n de_fw-fr rep_n 3._o respect_n when_o he_o indulge_v unto_o prince_n that_o liberty_n to_o speak_v untruth_n and_o yet_o the_o same_o plato_n when_o he_o seem_v sometime_o to_o grant_v and_o sometime_o to_o take_v away_o this_o licence_n to_o or_o from_o physician_n seem_v to_o put_v this_o only_a difference_n that_o in_o give_v it_o he_o intend_v it_o to_o such_o as_o be_v public_o authorize_v unto_o that_o call_n and_o in_o take_v it_o away_o he_o intend_v it_o from_o such_o as_o over_o arrogant_o assume_v it_o unto_o themselves_o and_o yet_o neither_o do_v plato_n himself_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o admit_v of_o lie_v in_o god_n notwithstanding_o that_o sovereign_a power_n that_o he_o have_v over_o man_n because_o it_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o much_o weakness_n and_o insufficiency_n to_o have_v recourse_n to_o such_o shift_n which_o to_o attribute_v to_o god_n be_v blasphemy_n a_o example_n of_o this_o innocent_a and_o unblamable_a falsehood_n we_o have_v in_o joseph_n to_o his_o brethren_n for_o which_o â—hilo_fw-la so_o high_o commend_v he_o who_o as_o the_o king_n vicegerent_n do_v with_o a_o become_a severity_n charge_v his_o brethren_n contrary_a to_o his_o knowledge_n first_o for_o be_v spy_n and_o afterward_o for_o be_v thief_n another_z we_o have_v in_o solomon_n who_o to_o discover_v the_o true_a mother_n command_v the_o child_n to_o be_v divide_v when_o he_o intend_v nothing_o less_o so_o true_a be_v that_o of_o quintilian_n aliquando_fw-la exigit_fw-la communis_fw-la â—tilitas_fw-la ut_fw-la etiam_fw-la falsa_fw-la defendantur_fw-la it_o be_v sometime_o expedient_a for_o the_o common_a good_a that_o some_o falsehood_n shall_v be_v maintain_v xvi_o to_o preserve_v the_o life_n of_o a_o innocent_a person_n we_o may_v add_v a_o five_o namely_o when_o the_o life_n of_o a_o innocent_a person_n or_o some_o such_o like_a can_v otherwise_o be_v preserve_v or_o when_o the_o execution_n of_o some_o dishonest_a act_n can_v otherwise_o be_v prevent_v such_o be_v the_o fact_n of_o hypermnestra_n so_o much_o celebrate_v by_o horace_n as_o splendide_fw-la mendax_fw-la
either_o assertory_n or_o promissory_a for_o oath_n have_v a_o power_n to_o exclude_v all_o exception_n because_o therein_o we_o have_v to_o do_v not_o with_o man_n only_o but_o with_o god_n to_o who_o by_o our_o oath_n we_o stand_v oblige_v although_o there_o arise_v no_o right_n at_o all_o to_o man_n for_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o those_o speech_n which_o be_v confirm_v by_o oath_n as_o it_o be_v in_o other_o for_o in_o other_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o justify_v we_o from_o lie_v if_o the_o word_n speak_v be_v true_a in_o any_o sense_n not_o altogether_o unusual_a but_o in_o that_o which_o be_v swear_v it_o be_v necessary_a that_o our_o word_n be_v plain_a and_o significant_a and_o fit_v to_o that_o sense_n wherein_o he_o to_o who_o we_o swear_v be_v think_v most_o probable_o to_o understand_v they_o when_o we_o may_v discover_v the_o detestable_a impiety_n of_o those_o who_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v as_o lawful_a to_o deceive_v man_n with_o oath_n as_o child_n with_o die_n and_o other_o toy_n xx._n it_o be_v more_o generous_a and_o christian_n like_o to_o abstain_v from_o falsehood_n and_o lie_n we_o know_v that_o there_o be_v some_o kind_n of_o fraud_n which_o though_o natural_o permit_v yet_o be_v by_o some_o people_n and_o some_o person_n decry_v not_o so_o much_o for_o any_o thing_n in_o they_o that_o be_v unjust_a as_o out_o of_o either_o magnanimity_n of_o spirit_n or_o sometime_o out_o of_o a_o presumption_n on_o our_o own_o strength_n there_o be_v in_o aelian_a a_o excellent_a say_n record_v of_o pythagoras_n namely_o that_o there_o be_v two_o thing_n wherein_o man_n draw_v near_o unto_o god_n in_o speak_v truth_n always_o and_o in_o do_v good_a unto_o all_o man_n for_o truth_n as_o jamblicus_n speak_v be_v the_o captain_n or_o guide_n to_o all_o virtue_n whether_o moral_a or_o divine_a and_o aristotle_n give_v it_o as_o the_o true_a character_n of_o a_o magnanimous_a person_n 4.1_o nic._n 4.1_o that_o he_o love_v truth_n and_o to_o speak_v his_o mind_n free_o whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o be_v as_o plutarch_n note_n 1._o lib._n 1._o the_o badge_n of_o a_o vile_a and_o servile_a spirit_n to_o lie_v and_o therefore_o as_o arrianus_n speak_v of_o king_n ptolemy_n it_o be_v worse_a in_o a_o king_n to_o lie_v than_o in_o any_o other_o so_o the_o same_o author_n speak_v of_o alexander_n 7._o lib._n 7._o nothing_o so_o well_o become_v a_o prince_n speak_v to_o his_o subject_n as_o truth_n and_o mamertime_n speak_v of_o the_o emperor_n julian_n say_v admirable_a be_v the_o concord_n that_o there_o be_v between_o our_o prince_n tongue_n and_o his_o heart_n as_o know_v that_o lie_v argue_v a_o base_a and_o abject_a spirit_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v fear_n and_o poverty_n only_o that_o make_v man_n liar_n he_o be_v ignorant_a of_o his_o own_o majesty_n who_o be_v a_o prince_n disdain_v not_o to_o lie_v it_o be_v plutarch_n observation_n of_o aristides_n that_o he_o be_v so_o great_a a_o admirer_n of_o truth_n that_o he_o hate_v lie_v though_o but_o in_o jest_n the_o like_a do_v probus_n commend_v in_o epaminondas_n adeo_fw-la veritatis_fw-la diligens_fw-la ut_fw-la ne_fw-la joco_fw-la quidem_fw-la mentiretur_fw-la that_o he_o be_v so_o great_a a_o lover_n of_o truth_n that_o he_o will_v not_o tell_v a_o lie_n though_o but_o for_o sport_n and_o as_o for_o such_o as_o be_v fallacious_a and_o deceitful_a we_o usual_o account_v they_o say_v philo_z as_o base_a and_o sordid_a truth_n therefore_o ought_v much_o more_o religious_o to_o be_v observe_v by_o we_o christian_n by_o how_o much_o we_o be_v enjoin_v to_o be_v simple_a and_o innocent_a 10.16_o mat._n 10.16_o and_o forbid_v not_o only_a falsehood_n and_o wrongful_a deal_n but_o all_o idle_a talk_n and_o vain_a babble_n yea_o 12.36_o matt._n 12.36_o and_o since_o we_o have_v he_o for_o our_o copy_n to_o write_v after_o in_o who_o mouth_n be_v find_v no_o guile_n wherefore_o as_o lactantius_n say_v that_o man_n that_o be_v true_o honest_a will_v not_o say_v with_o lucilius_n homini_fw-la amico_fw-la ac_fw-la familiari_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la mentiri_fw-la meam_fw-la when_o with_o my_o friend_n i_o talk_v i_o do_v not_o lie_v but_o rather_o will_v think_v it_o his_o duty_n not_o to_o lie_v though_o he_o have_v to_o do_v with_o a_o stranger_n or_o a_o enemy_n and_o at_o no_o time_n to_o do_v that_o thing_n that_o may_v occasion_v his_o tongue_n to_o speak_v what_o his_o heart_n think_v not_o such_o as_o sophocles_n testify_v be_v neoptolemus_n the_o son_n of_o achilles_n who_o be_v urge_v by_o ulysses_n to_o piece_v the_o fox_n tail_n to_o the_o lion_n skin_n make_v this_o answer_n ego_fw-la audience_n quae_fw-la doleo_fw-la laerta_n sit_v implere_fw-la factis_fw-la oderim_fw-la multo_fw-la magis_fw-la nam_fw-la sic_fw-la nec_fw-la ego_fw-la sum_fw-la natus_fw-la ut_fw-la fallacias_fw-la secter_n nec_fw-la olim_fw-la genitor_fw-la ut_fw-la perhibent_fw-la meus_fw-la at_o sum_fw-la paratus_fw-la vi_fw-la mora_fw-la non_fw-la fraudibus_fw-la pertrahere_fw-la raptum_fw-la so_o likewise_o horace_n concern_v his_o father_n achilles_n 6._o carm._n lib._n 4._o ode_n 6._o ille_fw-la non_fw-la inclusus_fw-la equo_fw-la minerva_fw-la sacra_fw-la mentito_fw-la male_a feriatos_fw-la troas_n &_o laetam_fw-la priami_fw-la choreis_fw-la fallerat_fw-la aulam_fw-la sed_fw-la palam_fw-la captis_fw-la gravis_fw-la etc._n etc._n whereby_o he_o intimate_v that_o achilles_n though_o father_n of_o neoptolemus_n horace_n scholiast_n upon_o that_o place_n in_o horace_n be_v of_o that_o noble_a and_o generous_a spirit_n that_o he_o disdain_v even_o victory_n itself_o if_o not_o obtain_v by_o mere_a manhood_n thus_o euripides_n also_o generosus_fw-la animus_n hostibus_fw-la furtim_fw-la necem_fw-la rhesc_n rhesc_n infer_v nescit_fw-la a_o gallant_a soul_n have_v he_o that_o scorn_v by_o stealth_n to_o kill_v his_o enemy_n the_o like_a we_o read_v of_o alexander_n who_o be_v advise_v to_o circumvent_v his_o enemy_n by_o some_o wile_n answer_v se_fw-la nolle_fw-la furari_fw-la victoriam_fw-la that_o he_o scorn_v to_o steal_v a_o victory_n the_o like_a polybius_n testify_v of_o the_o achaian_n that_o they_o hate_v to_o use_v fraud_n though_o against_o their_o enemy_n esteem_v that_o the_o sure_a victory_n which_o by_o the_o confession_n of_o their_o enemy_n be_v so_o such_o be_v the_o ancient_a roman_n until_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n insomuch_o that_o aelian_a appropriate_n this_o honour_n unto_o the_o roman_n above_o all_o nation_n that_o they_o overcome_v their_o enemy_n not_o by_o craft_n or_o subtlety_n but_o by_o plain_a force_n and_o when_o perseus_n the_o macedonian_a king_n be_v deceive_v with_o the_o hope_n of_o peace_n the_o old_a senator_n disow_v such_o roman_a art_n deny_v that_o their_o ancestor_n who_o glory_v more_o in_o valour_n than_o in_o fraud_n do_v ever_o manage_v their_o war_n with_o that_o wiliness_n which_o the_o carthaginian_n or_o with_o such_o deceit_n as_o the_o grecian_n use_v with_o who_o it_o be_v ever_o hold_v more_o honourable_a to_o circumvent_v their_o enemy_n by_o stratagem_n than_o to_o overcome_v they_o in_o plain_a battle_n add_v withal_o that_o sometime_o wit_n may_v prevail_v against_o valour_n for_o the_o present_a but_o that_o his_o courage_n be_v for_o ever_o quell_v who_o be_v convince_v that_o in_o a_o pious_a and_o a_o just_a war_n he_o be_v not_o by_o fraud_n nor_o by_o chance_n but_o fight_v hand_n to_o hand_n with_o his_o whole_a strength_n in_o plain_a battle_n vanquish_v yea_o and_o in_o latter_a time_n tacitus_n testify_v of_o they_o that_o the_o roman_a people_n seek_v revenge_n upon_o their_o enemy_n neither_o by_o craft_n nor_o treachery_n but_o open_o and_o by_o force_n of_o arms._n such_o also_o be_v the_o tiberines_n who_o always_o proclaim_v as_o the_o time_n so_o the_o place_n when_o and_o where_o they_o will_v give_v battle_n to_o their_o enemy_n and_o such_o be_v the_o achaian_n as_o polybius_n testify_v the_o like_a do_v mardonius_n in_o herodotus_n record_n of_o the_o grecian_n of_o his_o time_n when_o james_n the_o four_o of_o scotland_n invade_v the_o north_n of_o england_n with_o a_o powerful_a army_n thomas_n e._n of_o surrey_n send_v a_o herald_n to_o he_o to_o let_v he_o know_v that_o on_o the_o friday_n follow_v he_o will_v give_v he_o battle_n in_o case_n he_o will_v stay_v so_o long_o in_o england_n and_o thomas_n his_o son_n send_v the_o king_n word_n that_o he_o will_v spare_v none_o save_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o that_o he_o may_v find_v he_o in_o the_o van_n of_o his_o army_n 8._o herb._n h._n 8._o but_o this_o as_o i_o say_v before_o proceed_v rather_o from_o magnanimity_n of_o spirit_n and_o confidence_n in_o our_o own_o strength_n than_o from_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o thing_n xxi_o we_o must_v not_o enforce_v a_o man_n to_o do_v that_o which_o he_o can_v lawful_o do_v as_o to_o the_o manner_n how_o the_o war_n shall_v be_v
plutarch_n recite_v that_o say_v of_o king_n pyrrhus_n that_o he_o will_v leave_v his_o kingdom_n to_o that_o son_n who_o have_v the_o sharp_a sword_n say_v that_o it_o be_v so_o say_v only_o to_o excite_v they_o to_o enrich_v his_o house_n with_o blood_n and_o rapine_n whereupon_o he_o break_v out_o into_o this_o exclamation_n adeo_fw-la insociabile_fw-la ferinumque_fw-la est_fw-la propositum_fw-la plus_fw-la svo_fw-la habendi_fw-la so_o wild_a and_o unsociable_a a_o thing_n be_v covetousness_n aristotle_n seem_v exceed_o to_o blame_v they_o who_o though_o they_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o admit_v of_o any_o king_n or_o governor_n over_o themselves_o but_o he_o that_o have_v the_o true_a right_n yet_o regard_v neither_o right_a nor_o wrong_n in_o the_o government_n of_o foreigner_n the_o lacedaemonian_n say_v plutarch_n place_v the_o great_a part_n of_o honesty_n in_o their_o country_n profit_n jus_fw-la aliud_fw-la nec_fw-la norunt_fw-la age_n plut._n age_n nec_fw-la discunt_fw-la quam_fw-la unde_fw-la spartam_fw-la putant_fw-la posse_fw-la augeri_fw-la they_o will_v neither_o know_v or_o learn_v any_o other_o law_n than_o how_o to_o enlarge_v their_o territory_n the_o like_a character_n do_v the_o athenian_n give_v of_o they_o in_o thucydides_n that_o among_o themselves_o and_o to_o their_o own_o civil_a law_n honesty_n the_o lacedaemonian_n prefer_v public_a profit_n before_o honesty_n they_o be_v very_o just_a but_o as_o to_o stranger_n they_o esteem_v exery_a thing_n honest_a that_o be_v pleasant_a and_o every_o thing_n just_a that_o be_v profitable_a but_o yet_o when_o one_o of_o the_o spartan_a king_n pronounce_v that_o commonwealth_n happy_a reprove_v which_o pompey_n reprove_v which_o be_v bound_v by_o the_o sword_n and_o the_o spear_n pompey_n correct_v he_o say_v yea_o rather_o that_o commonwealth_n be_v true_o happy_a that_o be_v on_o every_o side_n bound_v with_o justice_n for_o which_o he_o may_v also_o have_v produce_v the_o authority_n of_o another_o spartan_a king_n who_o prefer_v justice_n even_o before_o military_a prowess_n upon_o this_o very_a ground_n because_o all_o martial_a power_n ought_v to_o be_v regulate_v by_o justice_n for_o in_o case_n all_o man_n be_v just_a there_o will_v be_v no_o need_n of_o valour_n fortitude_n justice_n prefer_v before_o fortitude_n even_o fortitude_n itself_o be_v by_o the_o stoic_n thus_o define_v to_o be_v valour_n contend_v for_o justice_n when_o agesilaus_n in_o plutarch_n hear_v the_o persian_a king_n style_v great_a he_o demand_v quomodo_n i_o major_n nisi_fw-la sit_fw-la &_o justior_fw-la how_o be_v he_o great_a than_o myself_o unless_o he_o be_v more_o just_a themistius_n in_o his_o oration_n that_o he_o make_v to_o the_o emperor_n valens_n elegant_o discourse_v how_o king_n shall_v be_v qualify_v nation_n and_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o all_o nation_n if_o wisdom_n be_v to_o choose_v they_o say_v not_o such_o as_o shall_v think_v themselves_o entrust_v with_o the_o care_n of_o one_o single_a nation_n only_o but_o of_o all_o mankind_n neither_o shall_v he_o profess_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o friend_n to_o the_o macedonian_n only_o or_o to_o the_o roman_n but_o to_o all_o man_n and_o all_o nation_n whatsoever_o as_o m._n antoninus_n sometime_o say_v of_o himself_o civitas_n &_o patria_fw-la mihi_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la antonino_n roma_n ut_fw-la homini_fw-la mundus_fw-la as_o i_o be_o antoninus_n 3._o de_fw-fr non_fw-fr esu_fw-la animal_n l._n 3._o rome_n be_v my_o country_n as_o i_o be_o a_o man_n the_o world_n so_o also_o porphyry_n he_o that_o be_v guide_v by_o reason_n carry_v himself_o inoffensive_o towards_o his_o own_o subject_n yea_o and_o towards_o stranger_n yea_o and_o towards_o all_o man_n 6._o see_v cyril_n against_o julian_n l._n 6._o quanto_fw-la ratione_fw-la praestans_fw-la tanto_fw-la divinior_n the_o more_o he_o partake_v of_o reason_n the_o more_o he_o partake_v of_o the_o divine_a nature_n the_o very_a name_n of_o minos_n be_v odious_a to_o posterity_n for_o no_o other_o reason_n but_o because_o he_o extend_v his_o justice_n no_o far_o than_o his_o dominion_n each_o country_n groan_v under_o minos_n yoke_n force_n that_o even_o in_o war_n some_o law_n be_v in_o force_n now_o what_o some_o have_v fancy_v namely_o that_o inter_fw-la arma_fw-la cessant_fw-la leges_fw-la in_o war_n all_o law_n lie_v asleep_a be_v so_o far_o from_o truth_n that_o no_o war_n ought_v to_o be_v undertake_v but_o for_o the_o prosecution_n of_o a_o man_n right_a nor_o any_o that_o be_v undertake_v manage_v beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o justice_n and_o faithfulness_n it_o be_v very_o well_o say_v of_o demosthenes_n that_o war_n may_v just_o be_v make_v against_o those_o who_o can_v be_v compel_v to_o do_v we_o right_o in_o a_o judicial_a way_n now_o against_o such_o as_o be_v sensible_a of_o their_o own_o weakness_n judgement_n be_v forceable_a enough_o and_o so_o no_o need_n of_o war_n but_o against_o such_o as_o be_v or_o think_v themselves_o of_o equal_a strength_n if_o they_o will_v not_o do_v right_a war_n may_v be_v just_o undertake_v which_o also_o that_o they_o may_v be_v altogether_o righteous_a must_v be_v manage_v with_o as_o much_o conscience_n as_o judgement_n be_v usual_o pass_v admit_v then_o that_o law_n may_v sleep_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o war_n yet_o they_o must_v be_v those_o only_a that_o be_v civil_a and_o judicial_a judicial_a but_o such_o only_a as_o be_v civil_a and_o judicial_a such_o i_o mean_v as_o be_v proper_a to_o peace_n but_o not_o such_o as_o be_v perpetual_a and_o fit_v unto_o all_o time_n it_o be_v very_o well_o say_v therefore_o by_o dion_n prusaeensis_n that_o write_v law_n be_v of_o no_o force_n among_o enemy_n but_o such_o as_o be_v unwritten_a that_o be_v such_o as_o nature_n herself_o dictate_v or_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n constitute_v be_v in_o force_n even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o arms._n arms._n there_o be_v law_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o arms._n when_o one_o ask_v king_n alphonsus_n whether_o he_o think_v himself_o most_o indebt_v to_o book_n or_o arm_n he_o ready_o answer_v that_o he_o be_v behold_v to_o his_o book_n both_o for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o his_o arm_n and_o also_o for_o his_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n of_o arms._n so_o also_o plutarch_n sunt_fw-la apud_fw-la bonos_fw-es viros_fw-la quaedam_fw-la &_o belli_fw-la jura_fw-la among_o good_a man_n there_o be_v some_o law_n to_o be_v observe_v even_o in_o war_n neither_o be_v we_o so_o to_o prosecute_v victory_n as_o to_o enrich_v ourselves_o by_o base_a and_o dishonest_a gain_n censeo_fw-la eas_fw-la res_fw-la puro_fw-la pioque_fw-la duello_n quaerendas_fw-la censeo_fw-la this_o appear_v by_o that_o ancient_a form_n of_o the_o roman_n these_o thing_n i_o judge_v aught_o to_o be_v acquire_v by_o a_o just_a and_o pious_a war._n these_o very_a ancient_a roman_n as_o varro_z note_n be_v very_o slow_a in_o make_v war_n and_o not_o very_o licentious_a when_o they_o do_v make_v it_o because_o they_o approve_v of_o no_o war_n but_o what_o be_v pious_a camillus_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v that_o war_n be_v to_o be_v wage_v with_o no_o less_o justice_n than_o valour_n the_o like_a testimony_n do_v scipio_n the_o african_a give_v of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n in_o his_o time_n namely_o that_o they_o always_o begin_v and_o finish_v their_o war_n just_o and_o another_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v law_n for_o war_n as_o well_o as_o for_o peace_n a_o three_o admire_v fabritius_n for_o a_o gallant_a soldier_n but_o principal_o for_o that_o which_o in_o war_n be_v very_o rare_o find_v namely_o his_o innocence_n as_o believe_v that_o some_o thing_n usual_o do_v against_o a_o enemy_n be_v impious_a what_o great_a power_n and_o efficacy_n the_o justness_n of_o a_o cause_n have_v historian_n do_v every_o where_o declare_v say_n the_o goodness_n of_o a_o cause_n be_v of_o great_a efficacy_n in_o war_n proverbial_a say_n whilst_o they_o ofttimes_o ascribe_v the_o victory_n to_o this_o as_o to_o its_o principal_a cause_n from_o whence_o arise_v these_o proverbial_a say_n the_o courage_n of_o soldier_n do_v either_o rise_v or_o fall_v according_a to_o the_o equity_n of_o their_o cause_n he_o seldom_o return_v in_o safety_n that_o willing_o engage_v himself_o in_o a_o unjust_a war._n a_o good_a cause_n be_v never_o unattended_a with_o hope_n thus_o pompey_n in_o appian_n cheer_v up_o the_o spirit_n of_o his_o soldier_n we_o say_v he_o must_v place_v all_o our_o confidence_n in_o the_o god_n and_o in_o the_o goodness_n of_o our_o cause_n as_o have_v enter_v into_o this_o war_n upon_o honest_a and_o just_a ground_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n thus_o likewise_o do_v cassius_n encourage_v his_o soldier_n by_o tell_v they_o that_o the_o great_a hope_n be_v always_o where_o there_o be_v the_o best_a cause_n the_o like_a we_o may_v read_v in_o josephus_n 15._o antiq._n hist_o lib._n 15._o abs_fw-la quo_fw-la stat_fw-la jus_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la
the_o mind_n as_o to_o create_v a_o right_n have_v be_v inconvenient_a to_o humane_a nature_n which_o can_v possible_o understand_v they_o unless_o express_v by_o some_o outward_a sign_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o those_o bare_a internal_a act_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o humane_a law_n only_o not_o by_o word_n only_o but_o there_o be_v no_o sign_n that_o can_v so_o clear_o demonstrate_v those_o inward_a act_n as_o to_o render_v we_o infallible_a for_o a_o man_n may_v dissemble_v his_o thought_n and_o both_o mean_a and_o intend_v otherwise_o than_o he_o either_o speak_v or_o by_o some_o deed_n pretend_v to_o do_v and_o yet_o will_v not_o the_o nature_n of_o humane_a society_n admit_v that_o these_o internal_a act_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v sufficient_o express_v shall_v have_v no_o efficacy_n wherefore_o whatsoever_o be_v so_o sufficient_o signify_v shall_v be_v hold_v for_o truth_n and_o be_v admit_v of_o as_o a_o good_a plea_n against_o he_o that_o shall_v so_o express_v his_o mind_n which_o if_o do_v by_o word_n the_o case_n be_v plain_a iu._n but_o by_o deed_n do_v by_o deed_n that_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v forsake_v which_o be_v cast_v away_o unless_o it_o appear_v by_o some_o circumstance_n that_o it_o be_v so_o cast_v away_o only_o for_o a_o time_n and_o with_o a_o mind_n to_o require_v it_o again_o thus_o a_o debt_n be_v say_v to_o be_v forgive_v when_o the_o bond_n be_v deliver_v up_o to_o be_v cancel_v a_o man_n say_v paulus_n may_v renounce_v his_o inheritance_n not_o by_o word_n only_o but_o by_o any_o other_o indication_n of_o his_o will_n as_o if_o he_o who_o be_v the_o right_a owner_n of_o a_o thing_n shall_v know_o contract_v with_o he_o that_o usurp_v it_o from_o he_o he_o may_v very_o well_o be_v judge_v to_o have_v release_v his_o own_o interest_n in_o it_o and_o why_o this_o shall_v not_o take_v place_n as_o well_o among_o king_n and_o free_a people_n as_o among_o private_a person_n no_o reason_n can_v be_v assign_v the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v when_o a_o prince_n shall_v give_v leave_n or_o command_v his_o subject_n to_o do_v that_o which_o can_v with_o safety_n be_v do_v unless_o he_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o penalty_n of_o the_o law_n it_o may_v be_v presume_v that_o he_o be_v so_o exempt_v for_o this_o arise_v not_o from_o the_o civil_a but_o from_o that_o natural_a right_n which_o every_o man_n have_v to_o renounce_v what_o be_v his_o own_o and_o from_o a_o natural_a presumption_n whereby_o every_o man_n be_v believe_v to_o will_n that_o which_o by_o sign_n he_o sufficient_o declare_v in_o which_o sense_n that_o of_o ulpian_n may_v right_o be_v understand_v discharge_n whatsoever_o be_v accept_v in_o full_a of_o a_o debt_n be_v a_o discharge_n where_o he_o say_v it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n that_o whatsoever_o a_o man_n accept_v of_o in_o full_a of_o his_o debt_n be_v a_o good_a discharge_n v._o and_o deed_n not_o do_v under_o thing_n do_v be_v moral_o comprehend_v thing_n not_o do_v be_v consider_v with_o due_a circumstance_n so_o he_o that_o be_v know_v and_o present_a yet_o be_v silent_a seem_v to_o give_v his_o consent_n which_o the_o hebrew_n law_n seem_v likewise_o to_o acknowledge_v numb_a 30.5_o 12._o that_o be_v unless_o by_o some_o circumstance_n it_o appear_v that_o either_o fear_n or_o some_o other_o accident_n do_v restrain_v he_o from_o speak_v we_o thing_n give_v for_o lose_v cease_v to_o be_v we_o so_o be_v that_o give_v for_o lose_v whereof_o there_o be_v no_o hope_n of_o recovery_n as_o a_o lamb_n in_o the_o paw_n of_o a_o lion_n so_o if_o a_o merchant_n suffer_v shipwreck_n his_o good_n cease_v to_o be_v his_o own_o though_o they_o be_v afterward_o drive_v to_o shore_n yet_o not_o immediate_o as_o ulpian_n note_v but_o when_o he_o give_v they_o for_o lose_v and_o use_v no_o outward_a mean_n to_o recover_v they_o for_o in_o case_n he_o send_v out_o and_o make_v enquiry_n after_o they_o or_o promise_v a_o reward_n to_o those_o that_o shall_v find_v and_o restore_v they_o the_o case_n be_v otherwise_o to_o be_v judge_v so_o he_o that_o know_v his_o own_o thing_n to_o be_v by_o another_o man_n detain_v and_o make_v no_o claim_n unto_o they_o in_o a_o long_a time_n unless_o some_o cause_n do_v manifest_o appear_v seem_v to_o do_v it_o to_o no_o other_o purpose_n but_o to_o show_v that_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o renounce_v they_o and_o this_o be_v it_o that_o ulpian_n elsewhere_o intend_v where_o he_o say_v that_o a_o house_n possess_v for_o a_o long_a time_n by_o another_o and_o no_o claim_n make_v nor_o rend_v demand_v for_o it_o forgive_v int._n money_n long_o forbear_v presume_v to_o be_v forgive_v seem_v to_o be_v desert_v by_o the_o right_a owner_n to_o exact_v interest_n long_o since_o due_a say_v that_o good_a emperor_n antoninus_n be_v hardly_o just_a for_o the_o not_o demand_v it_o in_o so_o long_a a_o space_n make_v it_o probable_a that_o thou_o be_v willing_a to_o remit_v it_o and_o that_o by_o not_o so_o much_o as_o demand_v it_o thy_o purpose_n be_v to_o make_v thyself_o the_o more_o belove_a and_o honour_v and_o thy_o debtor_n the_o more_o thankful_a something_o like_a unto_o this_o will_v appear_v in_o custom_n for_o even_o this_o set_n aside_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v willing_a to_o admit_v it_o though_o limit_v to_o a_o certain_a time_n and_o after_o a_o certain_a manner_n may_v be_v introduce_v by_o a_o people_n that_o be_v subject_n be_v long_o tolerate_v by_o he_o who_o have_v the_o supreme_a power_n but_o how_o long_a time_n be_v require_v to_o entitle_v it_o to_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o just_a right_n 11._o that_o silence_n shall_v argue_v a_o consent_n two_o thing_n necessary_a vide_fw-la infra_fw-la bo._n 2._o c._n 22._o §._o 11._o be_v not_o determine_v but_o leave_v arbitrary_a yet_o so_o much_o be_v require_v as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o signify_v a_o consent_n now_o that_o silence_n shall_v be_v of_o so_o great_a force_n as_o to_o justify_v our_o presumption_n of_o a_o dereliction_n two_o thing_n be_v requisite_a first_o that_o he_o that_o be_v silent_a know_v that_o he_o have_v a_o right_a for_o he_o that_o know_v it_o not_o silence_n can_v prejudice_v second_o that_o his_o silence_n be_v free_a and_o voluntary_a and_o not_o occasion_v by_o fear_n or_o any_o other_o such_o cause_n which_o if_o it_o appear_v make_v our_o conjecture_n at_o the_o will_n of_o no_o force_n vi_o of_o what_o force_n time_n without_o possession_n be_v to_o prove_v a_o dereliction_n that_o both_o these_o therefore_o may_v be_v think_v to_o concur_v though_o other_o conjecture_n may_v avail_v yet_o be_v that_o of_o time_n most_o prevalent_a for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v hardly_o possible_a that_o in_o a_o long_a time_n a_o man_n shall_v not_o by_o some_o mean_n or_o other_o arrive_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o his_o own_o right_n time_n usual_o administer_a many_o occasion_n to_o the_o discovery_n of_o truth_n now_o if_o the_o right_a owner_n be_v present_a much_o less_o time_n suffice_v to_o ground_v our_o conjecture_n than_o if_o he_o be_v absent_a set_v aside_o what_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n so_o fear_v once_o imprint_v can_v sudden_o be_v cast_v off_o yet_o can_v it_o not_o be_v perpetual_a length_n of_o time_n supply_v we_o with_o many_o occasion_n and_o remedy_n both_o by_o ourselves_o and_o from_o other_o against_o fear_n and_o for_o provide_v for_o our_o own_o safety_n even_o by_o go_v out_o of_o his_o dominion_n who_o we_o fear_v or_o at_o least_o by_o make_v our_o protestation_n concern_v our_o right_n or_o which_o be_v better_o by_o offer_v to_o refer_v our_o cause_n to_o indifferent_a arbiter_n vii_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n what_o it_o be_v but_o because_o that_o time_n which_o exceed_v the_o memory_n of_o man_n be_v in_o a_o moral_a sense_n infinite_a therefore_o if_o claim_n be_v not_o make_v within_o such_o a_o time_n to_o any_o thing_n out_o of_o possession_n it_o be_v a_o sufficient_a presumption_n that_o it_o be_v forsake_v unless_o some_o very_a strong_a reason_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o contrary_n and_o here_o it_o be_v very_o well_o observe_v by_o our_o most_o prudent_a lawyer_n that_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n be_v not_o altogether_o the_o same_o with_o a_o century_n of_o year_n 1600._o time_n out_o of_o mind_n not_o the_o same_o with_o a_o century_n of_o year_n though_o not_o much_o different_a from_o it_o cambd._n eliz._n a_o 1600._o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o there_o be_v not_o much_o difference_n between_o they_o for_o one_o hundred_o year_n be_v common_o repute_v the_o term_n of_o a_o man_n life_n which_o do_v well_o nigh_o make_v up_o three_o age_n or_o generation_n which_o the_o roman_n seem_v to_o object_n against_o antiochus_n
of_o their_o promise_n not_o only_o among_o the_o roman_n but_o among_o the_o grecian_n and_o against_o some_o they_o introduce_v the_o benefit_n of_o restitution_n but_o these_o be_v the_o peculiar_a effect_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o do_v no_o whit_n appertain_v to_o the_o law_n either_o of_o nature_n or_o nation_n except_o only_o in_o this_o that_o where_o they_o be_v receive_v it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o nature_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v observe_v insomuch_o that_o if_o a_o foreigner_n shall_v contract_v with_o a_o citizen_n he_o shall_v be_v bind_v up_o by_o the_o law_n of_o that_o city_n as_o if_o he_o be_v for_o that_o time_n a_o subject_a of_o that_o nation_n but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o case_n such_o a_o contract_n be_v make_v either_o on_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o some_o desert_a island_n or_o by_o letter_n between_o two_o person_n inhabit_v diverse_a nation_n for_o then_o such_o agreement_n shall_v be_v regulate_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o as_o be_v the_o agreement_n make_v between_o such_o as_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o supreme_a power_n as_o they_o be_v such_o for_o in_o these_o what_o they_o do_v private_o may_v by_o their_o law_n be_v make_v void_a when_o it_o be_v do_v in_o favour_n to_o those_o power_n but_o not_o when_o do_v to_o their_o punishment_n vi_o a_o promise_v make_v through_o error_n how_o far_o natural_o it_o oblige_v concern_v a_o promise_n make_v by_o a_o error_n or_o mistake_n in_o the_o person_n promise_v the_o question_n be_v yet_o more_o difficult_a for_o we_o be_v to_o distinguish_v between_o that_o error_n which_o be_v about_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o thing_n promise_v and_o that_o which_o concern_v not_o the_o substance_n and_o then_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v whether_o the_o fraud_n give_v occasion_n to_o the_o promise_n or_o not_o again_o whether_o he_o with_o who_o we_o have_v to_o do_v be_v guilty_a of_o the_o fraud_n or_o not_o and_o last_o whether_o the_o act_n be_v strict_o due_a or_o bind_v only_o in_o honesty_n and_o conscience_n for_o the_o opinion_n of_o lawyer_n do_v vary_v according_a to_o the_o variety_n of_o these_o case_n declare_v some_o act_n to_o be_v void_a and_o other_o valid_a but_o so_o that_o according_a to_o his_o will_n and_o pleasure_n that_o be_v injure_v the_o promise_n may_v be_v either_o revoke_v or_o reform_v but_o most_o of_o these_o distinction_n proceed_v from_o the_o roman_a law_n as_o well_o from_o the_o old_a civil_a law_n as_o from_o the_o praetorian_a and_o some_o of_o they_o be_v either_o not_o altogether_o true_a or_o not_o well_o digest_v but_o yet_o it_o suffice_v to_o chalk_v out_o a_o way_n for_o we_o to_o find_v out_o the_o natural_a truth_n for_o as_o concern_v the_o force_n and_o efficacy_n of_o law_n this_o have_v ever_o be_v allow_v of_o by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o almost_o all_o nation_n that_o when_o a_o law_n be_v enact_v upon_o the_o presumption_n of_o such_o a_o fact_n as_o be_v not_o real_o so_o do_v as_o be_v suggest_v and_o believe_v that_o law_n be_v not_o oblige_v because_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o fact_n fail_v the_o foundation_n of_o that_o law_n fail_v with_o it_o but_o when_o a_o law_n be_v ground_v upon_o such_o a_o presumption_n may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o matter_n of_o that_o law_n from_o the_o word_n and_o from_o other_o circumstance_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v in_o this_o case_n if_o a_o promise_v be_v make_v upon_o the_o belief_n of_o such_o a_o fact_n as_o indeed_o never_o be_v do_v that_o promise_v natural_o be_v of_o no_o force_n because_o the_o promiser_n do_v not_o give_v his_o consent_n absolute_o to_o the_o thing_n promise_v but_o upon_o such_o a_o condition_n if_o not_o express_v yet_o presume_v as_o real_o be_v not_o as_o in_o that_o case_n mention_v by_o cicero_n of_o he_o who_o false_o believe_v his_o own_o son_n to_o be_v dead_a appoint_v a_o stranger_n to_o be_v his_o heir_n and_o yet_o in_o case_n the_o promiser_n be_v neglective_a either_o in_o his_o diligence_n to_o examine_v and_o search_v out_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o son_n death_n or_o in_o his_o care_n of_o express_v his_o own_o sense_n and_o do_v thereby_o occasion_n any_o damage_n to_o the_o person_n to_o who_o he_o make_v that_o promise_n he_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o repair_v it_o not_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o his_o promise_n make_v but_o for_o the_o damage_n which_o through_o his_o neglect_n be_v sustain_v by_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v make_v whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v more_o anon_o but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o error_n or_o mistake_n in_o the_o person_n promise_v and_o yet_o that_o error_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o promise_v make_v the_o act_n shall_v be_v valid_a because_o there_o be_v nothing_o want_v of_o a_o true_a consent_n but_o if_o in_o this_o case_n also_o the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v do_v by_o any_o fraud_n of_o he_o direct_o or_o indirect_o occasion_n that_o error_n what_o damage_n soever_o shall_v accrue_v to_o the_o promiser_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o error_n shall_v be_v by_o he_o repair_v but_o if_o the_o promise_n be_v but_o in_o part_n occasion_v by_o a_o error_n then_o as_o to_o the_o other_o part_n the_o promise_n shall_v stand_v good_a vii_o a_o promise_v make_v through_o fear_n oblige_v concern_v those_o promise_n that_o be_v make_v through_o fear_n question_n do_v arise_v no_o less_o perpiext_n for_o herein_o they_o do_v usual_o distinguish_v of_o fear_n which_o be_v either_o great_a and_o vehement_a or_o light_n and_o slender_a if_o great_a than_o they_o consider_v whether_o it_o be_v so_o absolute_o or_o in_o respect_n only_o of_o the_o person_n fear_v then_o whether_o it_o be_v occasion_v just_o or_o unjust_o and_o whether_o by_o he_o to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v or_o by_o some_o other_o as_o also_o they_o distinguish_v of_o the_o act_n whether_o free_a and_o generous_a or_o grievous_a and_o burdensome_a and_o according_a to_o this_o diversity_n be_v some_o act_n say_v to_o be_v void_a other_o revocable_a at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o promiser_n and_o other_o to_o be_v whole_o renew_v concern_v every_o one_o of_o these_o case_n there_o be_v great_a difference_n in_o opinion_n but_o i_o do_v whole_o incline_v to_o those_o who_o hold_v that_o set_v aside_o that_o authority_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o sometime_o take_v away_o and_o sometime_o moderate_v the_o bind_a power_n of_o such_o promise_n he_o that_o promise_v any_o thing_n through_o fear_n be_v oblige_v to_o perform_v what_o he_o have_v so_o promise_v because_o the_o consent_n he_o give_v be_v not_o conditional_a as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o error_n but_o absolute_a for_o as_o aristotle_n well_o observe_v he_o that_o for_o fear_n of_o be_v shipwrack_v throw_v his_o good_n overboard_o 3._o eth._n nic._n 3._o will_v willing_o preserve_v they_o on_o condition_n that_o he_o may_v not_o be_v wreck_v but_o upon_o a_o serious_a consideration_n of_o the_o present_a danger_n he_o be_v in_o he_o absolute_o resolve_v that_o his_o good_n rather_o than_o himself_o shall_v perish_v but_o yet_o we_o must_v also_o crave_v this_o allowance_n that_o if_o he_o to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v do_v occasion_n not_o a_o just_a but_o a_o unjust_a fear_n though_o but_o slight_a and_o that_o thereupon_o the_o promise_n be_v so_o make_v he_o be_v bind_v to_o discharge_v the_o promiser_n if_o he_o desire_v it_o not_o that_o the_o promise_n be_v in_o itself_o void_a but_o for_o the_o damage_n that_o he_o sustain_v who_o make_v it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o injury_n do_v he_o 1._o see_v chap._n 17.6.19_o and_o p._n 3._o ch_n 19_o §._o 1._o but_o what_o exception_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n admit_v herein_o shall_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n be_v hereafter_o explain_v but_o that_o some_o act_n be_v rescind_v which_o be_v make_v through_o fear_n be_v occasion_v not_o by_o he_o with_o who_o we_o have_v to_o do_v but_o by_o another_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o do_v often_o either_o null_a or_o revoke_v act_n though_o free_o do_v if_o they_o that_o do_v they_o be_v of_o weak_a judgement_n seneca_n argue_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o whatsoever_o either_o force_n or_o fear_n or_o necessity_n make_v we_o to_o grant_v 26._o lib._n 4._o cont_n 26._o may_v be_v revoke_v if_o that_o force_n or_o necessity_n be_v impose_v on_o we_o by_o he_o to_o who_o the_o grant_n be_v make_v but_o what_o say_v he_o be_v that_o to_o i_o what_o thou_o be_v compel_v or_o necessitate_v to_o do_v if_o not_o by_o i_o meam_fw-la culpam_fw-la oportet_fw-la esse_fw-la ut_fw-la mea_fw-la poena_fw-la sit_fw-la it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o fault_n shall_v be_v my_o own_o
oath_n give_v to_o the_o perfidious_a be_v to_o be_v keep_v explain_v by_o a_o distinction_n xvii_o he_o that_o be_v bind_v to_o god_n alone_o do_v not_o bind_v his_o heir_n after_o he_o xviii_o it_o be_v no_o perjury_n not_o to_o fulfil_v that_o which_o he_o for_o who_o it_o shall_v be_v fulfil_v be_v willing_a to_o remit_v it_o nor_o when_o the_o quality_n cease_v whereunto_o it_o be_v swear_v xix_o when_o that_o be_v make_v void_a which_o be_v do_v against_o a_o man_n oath_n xx._n how_o far_o the_o prince_n power_n prevail_v concern_v what_o either_o his_o subject_n have_v swear_v to_o stranger_n or_o stranger_n to_o they_o explain_v by_o distinction_n xxi_o of_o what_o manner_n of_o oath_n the_o word_n of_o christ_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v when_o he_o forbid_v we_o to_o swear_v at_o all_o xxii_o what_o gesture_n or_o manner_n of_o speech_n have_v by_o custom_n the_o force_n of_o a_o oath_n though_o not_o the_o form_n of_o one_o i._o the_o credit_n give_v to_o oath_n by_o heathen_n in_o all_o contract_n vow_n and_o promise_n the_o great_a assurance_n that_o any_o age_n or_o nation_n can_v ever_o either_o give_v or_o require_v of_o their_o faith_n and_o sincerity_n be_v by_o oath_n this_o be_v a_o indissoluble_a bond_n which_o whoso_o violate_v be_v deserve_o repute_v as_o a_o execrable_a and_o accurse_a thing_n both_o before_o god_n and_o man_n whereof_o sophocles_n speak_v thus_o the_o mind_n that_o be_v startle_v by_o a_o sacred_a oath_n will_v careful_o avoid_v two_o smart_a rod_n the_o blame_n of_o friend_n and_o the_o anger_n of_o the_o go_n nullum_fw-la vinculum_fw-la ad_fw-la astringendam_fw-la fidem_fw-la majores_fw-la nostri_fw-la jurejurando_fw-la arctius_fw-la esse_fw-la voluerunt_fw-la our_o forefather_n say_v cicero_n never_o know_v any_o thing_n strong_a than_o a_o oath_n whereby_o to_o bind_v we_o to_o perform_v our_o promise_n and_o to_o violate_v this_o bond_n they_o always_o account_v a_o sin_n of_o the_o great_a magnitude_n neither_o do_v they_o believe_v any_o other_o sin_n to_o be_v so_o severe_o punish_v as_o this_o of_o perjury_n so_o hesiod_n testify_v whence_o be_v it_o that_o mortal_a man_n thus_o plague_v be_v sure_o because_o fallacious_o they_o swear_v this_o be_v one_o of_o those_o sin_n which_o draw_v down_o vengeance_n on_o our_o posterity_n after_o we_o and_o wherein_o the_o bare_a will_n be_v punish_v 6._o lib._n 6._o without_o the_o deed_n of_o both_o which_o herodotus_n have_v give_v a_o clear_a example_n in_o one_o glaucus_n a_o man_n high_o fame_v by_o the_o lacedaemonian_n for_o his_o virtue_n but_o especial_o for_o his_o justice_n with_o who_o a_o citizen_n of_o miletum_n confide_v in_o a_o man_n of_o so_o great_a a_o repute_n lest_o deposit_v a_o very_a great_a sum_n of_o money_n with_o a_o writing_n desire_v he_o to_o keep_v both_o and_o to_o pay_v the_o money_n to_o such_o as_o shall_v hereafter_o bring_v he_o a_o duplicate_v of_o that_o writing_n glaucus_n accept_v of_o the_o money_n and_o condition_n but_o when_o the_o money_n be_v demand_v by_o his_o son_n and_o the_o duplicate_v show_v he_o deny_v that_o he_o know_v any_o thing_n of_o it_o yet_o he_o tell_v they_o that_o he_o will_v rub_v up_o his_o memory_n and_o in_o case_n he_o can_v retrieve_v it_o there_o he_o will_v repay_v it_o otherwise_o he_o threaten_v to_o proceed_v against_o they_o according_a to_o the_o grecian_a law_n so_o dismiss_v they_o for_o four_o month_n and_o in_o that_o time_n consult_v the_o oracle_n of_o delphos_n whether_o he_o may_v by_o his_o oath_n make_v prey_n of_o the_o money_n he_o receive_v this_o stab_a answer_n a_o nameless_a brat_n stumped_a both_o in_o hand_n and_o foot_n false_a oath_n bring_v forth_o which_o yet_o in_o furious_a rage_n consume_v the_o house_n and_o blast_v the_o heritage_n glaucus_n hear_v this_o devout_o implore_v the_o god_n to_o forgive_v he_o but_o be_v again_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n to_o tempt_v the_o god_n in_o this_o case_n by_o the_o will_n as_o by_o the_o deed._n and_o though_o glaucus_n do_v restore_v the_o money_n yet_o the_o curse_n denounce_v by_o the_o oracle_n do_v fall_v upon_o he_o for_o in_o the_o three_o age_n glaucus_n have_v neither_o child_n nor_o house_n nor_o any_o to_o inherit_v his_o name_n which_o also_o have_v be_v forget_v long_o since_o but_o that_o his_o example_n may_v like_o lot_n wife_n pillar_n deter_v other_o from_o the_o like_a attempt_n juvenal_n also_o recite_v this_o story_n conclude_v thus_o have_v patitur_fw-la poenas_fw-la peccandi_fw-la sola_fw-la voluntas_fw-la the_o bare_a intent_n to_o sin_n such_o plague_n attend_v so_o true_a be_v that_o of_o the_o prophet_n zachary_n i_o will_v bring_v the_o curse_n into_o the_o house_n of_o he_o that_o swear_v false_o by_o my_o name_n say_v the_o lord_n and_o it_o shall_v remain_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o house_n place_n see_v chrysost_n upon_o this_o place_n and_o shall_v consume_v it_o with_o the_o timber_n thereof_o and_o the_o stone_n thereof_o zach._n 5.4_o cicero_n be_v in_o the_o right_n when_o he_o term_v a_o oath_n a_o religious_a asseveration_n or_o a_o divine_a attestation_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o what_o we_o say_v for_o what_o we_o serious_o affirm_v or_o promise_v and_o call_v god_n to_o witness_v of_o that_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o make_v good_a and_o to_o perform_v under_o the_o great_a penalty_n that_o can_v be_v but_o whereas_o he_o add_v not_o for_o fear_v of_o the_o anger_n of_o the_o god_n which_o be_v none_o at_o all_o but_o for_o truth_n and_o justice_n sake_n if_o by_o anger_n he_o mean_v a_o passion_n or_o perturbation_n of_o the_o mind_n we_o deny_v it_o not_o but_o if_o he_o understand_v by_o anger_n a_o will_n to_o punish_v or_o revenge_v it_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v admit_v as_o lactantius_n right_o observe_v dei_fw-la lib._n de_fw-fr ira_fw-la dei_fw-la now_o let_v we_o see_v from_o whence_o this_o sacred_a power_n of_o a_o oath_n arise_v and_o how_o far_o forth_o it_o extend_v ii_o it_o require_v a_o deliberate_a mind_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v of_o contract_n and_o promise_n be_v true_a also_o in_o the_o case_n of_o oath_n namely_o that_o he_o that_o swear_v shall_v be_v of_o sound_a mind_n and_o shall_v use_v great_a deliberation_n before_o he_o take_v it_o the_o roman_n will_v not_o permit_v any_o man_n to_o swear_v by_o hercules_n till_o he_o have_v go_v out_o of_o the_o court_n for_o a_o while_n and_o serious_o consider_v with_o himself_o what_o he_o be_v to_o do_v wherefore_o if_o a_o man_n not_o intend_v to_o swear_v shall_v rash_o utter_v word_n import_v a_o oath_n as_o it_o be_v record_v of_o cydippe_n that_o may_v be_v true_a which_o ovid_n affirm_v of_o he_o quae_fw-la jurat_fw-la mens_fw-la est_fw-la nil_fw-la conjuravimus_fw-la illâ_fw-la etc._n sed_fw-la si_fw-la nil_fw-la dedimus_fw-la praeter_fw-la sine_fw-la pectore_fw-la vocem_fw-la verba_fw-la suis_fw-la frustra_fw-la viribus_fw-la orba_fw-la tenes_fw-fr non_fw-la ego_fw-la juravi_fw-la legi_fw-la jurantia_fw-la verba_fw-la etc._n etc._n it_o be_v the_o mind_n that_o swear_v we_o swear_v not_o there_o and_o what_o before_o he_o euripides_n say_v in_o his_o hippolytus_n jurata_fw-la lingua_fw-la est_fw-la mente_fw-la juravi_fw-la nihil_fw-la it_o be_v our_o tongue_n that_o swear_v our_o mind_n be_v free_a but_o he_o that_o willing_o swear_v yet_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o be_v bind_v by_o that_o oath_n be_v notwithstanding_o strong_o oblige_v to_o what_o he_o have_v swear_v obligation_n be_v inseparable_a from_o a_o oath_n and_o its_o necessary_a effect_n iii_o the_o word_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o that_o sense_n that_o he_o be_v believe_v to_o understand_v to_o who_o we_o swear_v there_o be_v some_o who_o hold_v that_o though_o a_o man_n do_v serious_o pronounce_v the_o word_n of_o a_o oath_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v not_o with_o a_o purpose_n to_o swear_v he_o shall_v not_o be_v bind_v by_o that_o oath_n but_o that_o in_o speak_v the_o word_n of_o that_o oath_n he_o sin_n by_o swear_v rash_o but_o it_o accord_v more_o with_o divine_a truth_n that_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o make_v good_a his_o word_n whereof_o he_o have_v call_v god_n for_o a_o witness_n for_o that_o act_n which_o of_o itself_o be_v obligatory_a do_v proceed_v from_o a_o serious_a and_o deliberate_a mind_n wherefore_o though_o what_o cicero_n say_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n true_a quod_fw-la ex_fw-la animi_fw-la tui_fw-la sententia_fw-la juraveris_fw-la id_fw-la non_fw-la facere_fw-la perjurium_fw-la est_fw-la that_o not_o to_o perform_v what_o we_o have_v deliberate_o swear_v be_v perjury_n yet_o be_v it_o to_o be_v understand_v with_o this_o limitation_n unless_o he_o that_o swear_v know_v or_o at_o least_o believe_v that_o he_o with_o who_o he_o converse_v do_v otherwise_o understand_v the_o
that_o our_o saviour_n word_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o what_o philo_n the_o jew_n do_v it_o be_v a_o excellent_a thing_n say_v he_o and_o most_o agreeable_a to_o rational_a man_n decal_n de_fw-fr decal_n so_o to_o accustom_v themselves_o to_o speak_v truth_n that_o their_o bare_a word_n may_v carry_v as_o much_o authority_n as_o other_o man_n oath_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o say_v that_o a_o good_a man_n word_n be_v as_o firm_a immutable_a and_o void_a of_o deceit_n as_o if_o he_o have_v confirm_v it_o with_o a_o oath_n so_o likewife_n josephus_n testify_v of_o the_o esseni_n that_o whatsoever_o they_o affirm_v upon_o their_o word_n be_v as_o true_a as_o if_o they_o have_v affirm_v it_o upon_o their_o oath_n and_o therefore_o to_o swear_v be_v unto_o they_o superfluous_a and_o from_o these_o esseni_fw-la or_o from_o those_o jew_n that_o follow_v they_o pythagoras_n seem_v to_o have_v learn_v it_o where_o he_o say_v we_o must_v not_o swear_v by_o the_o god_n but_o every_o man_n sbould_z be_v so_o careful_a of_o his_o word_n and_o credit_n that_o he_o may_v be_v believe_v without_o a_o oath_n it_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o chrysostome_n if_o thou_o do_v believe_v that_o he_o with_o who_o thou_o have_v to_o deal_v 15._o de_fw-fr stat_fw-la 15._o be_v honest_a and_o faithful_a urge_v he_o not_o to_o swear_v but_o if_o thou_o suspect_v he_o for_o a_o liar_n urge_v he_o not_o to_o forswear_v the_o scythian_n in_o curtius_n tell_v alexander_n that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o scythian_n gratiam_fw-la jurando_fw-la sancire_fw-la to_o purchase_v his_o favour_n or_o establish_v their_o own_o peace_n by_o oath_n for_o say_v curtius_n colendo_fw-la fidem_fw-la scythae_n jurant_fw-la the_o scythian_n be_v so_o great_a admirer_n of_o truth_n and_o fidelity_n that_o their_o bare_a word_n do_v oblige_v they_o as_o firm_o as_o and_o their_o deed_n confirm_v their_o promise_n more_o than_o their_o oath_n cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n for_o roscius_n comoedus_fw-la tell_v we_o that_o look_v what_o punishment_n the_o god_n award_v to_o a_o perjure_a person_n the_o same_o they_o award_v to_o a_o liar_n for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o form_n of_o word_n wherein_o the_o oath_n be_v comprehend_v that_o provoke_v the_o god_n unto_o vengeance_n but_o the_o malice_n and_o perfidiousness_n of_o the_o heart_n wherein_o all_o treachery_n and_o forgery_n be_v mint_v it_o be_v excellent_a counsel_n that_o solon_n give_v we_o that_o we_o shall_v have_v so_o great_a a_o regard_n to_o our_o own_o honesty_n that_o our_o word_n may_v be_v as_o authoritative_a and_o convince_a as_o our_o oath_n thus_o clemens_n alexandrinus_n describe_v a_o just_a man_n to_o be_v one_o that_o evidence_v the_o truth_n of_o his_o promise_n by_o the_o sincerity_n and_o constant_a stability_n of_o his_o word_n and_o action_n cicero_n record_v it_o of_o a_o certain_a citizen_n of_o athens_n that_o be_v know_v to_o be_v of_o a_o religious_a and_o upright_a conversation_n baldo_n orat._n pro_fw-la baldo_n and_o be_v to_o give_v his_o public_a testimony_n upon_o oath_n be_v not_o permit_v so_o to_o do_v but_o as_o he_o approach_v near_o the_o altar_n to_o that_o purpose_n all_o the_o judge_n with_o one_o voice_n cry_v out_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o swear_v be_v unwilling_a to_o give_v more_o credit_n to_o his_o oath_n than_o to_o his_o word_n very_o pertinent_a to_o the_o meaning_n of_o our_o saviour_n where_o he_o say_v swear_v not_o at_o all_o be_v that_o say_n of_o hierocles_n he_o that_o in_o the_o beginning_n say_v thou_o shall_v reverence_v a_o oath_n do_v therein_o enjoin_v we_o to_o abstain_v from_o swear_v concering_n such_o thing_n as_o be_v contingent_a and_o of_o uncertain_a event_n for_o such_o thing_n be_v so_o mutable_a and_o of_o so_o small_a a_o account_n that_o they_o be_v not_o worth_a a_o oath_n neither_o be_v it_o safe_a to_o swear_v about_o they_o and_o libanius_n insert_v this_o among_o many_o other_o virtue_n for_o which_o he_o high_o extol_v a_o christian_a emperor_n that_o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o perjury_n that_o he_o fear_v to_o swear_v to_o what_o he_o know_v to_o be_v truth_n a_o perjurio_fw-la tantum_fw-la abest_fw-la ut_fw-la etiam_fw-la vera_fw-la jurare_fw-la vereatur_fw-la xxii_o faith_n may_v be_v give_v without_o a_o oath_n therefore_o in_o some_o nation_n instead_o of_o oath_n they_o give_v unto_o each_o other_o their_o right_a hand_n which_o among_o the_o persian_n be_v the_o strong_a assurance_n of_o faith_n that_o can_v be_v give_v and_o among_o other_o people_n they_o oblige_v themselves_o by_o other_o sign_n and_o that_o so_o strong_o that_o unless_o he_o that_o shall_v so_o oblige_v himself_o do_v fulfil_v his_o promise_n he_o be_v hold_v as_o execrable_a as_o if_o perjure_a but_o especial_o of_o king_n and_o prince_n it_o be_v usual_o say_v that_o their_o faith_n give_v be_v as_o good_a as_o a_o oath_n for_o such_o they_o shall_v be_v that_o they_o may_v say_v with_o augustus_n bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la sum_fw-la i_o have_v a_o clear_a reputation_n and_o with_o eumenes_n i_o have_v rather_o lose_v my_o life_n than_o break_v my_o faith_n whereunto_o gunther_n allude_v where_o he_o say_v no_o oath_n more_o sacred_a than_o the_o word_n of_o king_n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o of_o alexis_n comicus_fw-la if_o i_o but_o nod_v it_o be_v firm_a as_o though_o i_o swear_v this_o testimony_n isocrates_n give_v of_o king_n evagrius_n that_o he_o keep_v his_o word_n as_o religious_o as_o he_o do_v his_o oath_n cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n for_o king_n dejotarus_n high_o commend_v cajus_n caesar_n for_o this_o that_o if_o he_o give_v to_o any_o man_n his_o right_a hand_n it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o confirm_v any_o promise_n that_o he_o make_v whether_o in_o peace_n or_o war._n and_o in_o those_o heroic_a time_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o royal_a sceptre_n be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o oath_n of_o a_o king_n as_o aristotle_n note_v chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o promise_n contract_n and_o oath_n of_o sovereign_a prince_n and_o state_n i._o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o who_o hold_v that_o restitution_n to_o the_o full_a arise_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n appertain_v to_o the_o act_n of_o king_n as_o such_o refute_v as_o also_o this_o that_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o their_o own_o oath_n ii_o to_o what_o act_n of_o king_n the_o law_n extend_v explain_v by_o distinction_n iii_o when_o a_o king_n be_v bind_v by_o his_o oath_n and_o when_o not_o iv_o how_o far_o forth_o a_o king_n be_v bind_v to_o what_o he_o have_v promise_v without_o cause_n v._o the_o use_n of_o what_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o force_n of_o the_o law_n about_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n vi_o in_o what_o sense_n a_o king_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v oblige_v to_o his_o subject_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o or_o even_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n vii_o a_o right_o gain_v to_o subject_n how_o it_o may_v lawful_o be_v take_v away_o viii_o the_o distinction_n of_o thing_n gain_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n reject_v ix_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n whether_o they_o be_v law_n and_o when_o x._o how_o by_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n they_o that_o inherit_v all_o his_o good_n stand_v bind_v xi_o how_o by_o those_o contract_n they_o that_o succeed_v in_o the_o kingdom_n may_v stand_v bind_v xii_o and_o how_o far_o xiii_o the_o free_a grant_n of_o king_n when_o revocable_a and_o when_o not_o fourteen_o whether_o the_o true_a king_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o contract_n of_o they_o that_o invade_v or_o usurp_v the_o kingdom_n i._o whether_o king_n may_v rescind_v their_o own_o acts._n the_o promise_n contract_n and_o oath_n of_o king_n and_o of_o such_o other_o as_o have_v the_o like_a sovereign_a power_n have_v some_o question_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o as_o well_o concern_v what_o power_n they_o have_v over_o their_o own_o act_n as_o concern_v what_o they_o have_v over_o their_o subject_n as_o that_o which_o they_o have_v over_o their_o successor_n as_o to_o the_o first_o of_o these_o it_o be_v question_v whether_o the_o king_n himself_o have_v the_o same_o power_n to_o restore_v himself_o to_o the_o full_a or_o to_o make_v void_a his_o own_o contract_n or_o to_o absolve_v himself_o from_o his_o oath_n as_o he_o have_v his_o subject_n bodine_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o a_o king_n be_v circumvent_v by_o another_o man_n fraud_n by_o fear_n or_o error_n may_v for_o the_o same_o cause_n be_v restore_v to_o his_o own_o right_n as_o well_o in_o thing_n appertain_v to_o the_o lessen_v of_o his_o prerogative_n as_o a_o king_n or_o in_o thing_n appertain_v to_o his_o private_a estate_n as_o his_o subject_n may_v whereunto_o he_o add_v that_o a_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o his_o oath_n if_o the_o contract_n agree_v
christian_a doctrine_n x._o single_a combat_n permit_v near_o of_o kin_n unto_o this_o be_v single_a combat_n between_o competitor_n the_o use_n whereof_o be_v not_o altogether_o to_o be_v reject_v for_o where_o two_o person_n stand_v in_o competition_n for_o one_o thing_n which_o can_v be_v divide_v be_v ready_a to_o embroil_v a_o whole_a nation_n in_o blood_n it_o be_v much_o better_o and_o more_o just_a that_o one_o shall_v perish_v for_o all_o than_o that_o all_o shall_v perish_v for_o one_o only_a in_o which_o case_n that_o of_o jocasta_n in_o seneca_n be_v good_a advice_n otho_n plut._n otho_n theb._n theb._n rex_fw-la sit_fw-la è_fw-la vobis_fw-la uter_fw-la manente_fw-la regno_fw-la quaerite_fw-la try_v which_o of_o you_o shall_v reign_v but_o let_v the_o kingdom_n still_o remain_v and_o this_o if_o not_o justifiable_a in_o the_o competitor_n themselves_o yet_o may_v it_o well_o be_v accept_v of_o by_o the_o people_n if_o offer_v as_o be_v of_o two_o evil_n by_o much_o the_o lesser_a thus_o metius_n in_o livy_n bespeak_v tullus_n 5._o lib._n 5._o let_v we_o agree_v about_o some_o way_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v determine_v whether_o of_o we_o two_o shall_v reign_v over_o the_o other_o without_o the_o effusion_n of_o so_o much_o blood_n or_o the_o slaughter_n of_o either_o of_o our_o people_n strabo_n set_v it_o down_o as_o a_o ancient_a custom_n among_o the_o grecian_n and_o aeneas_n in_o virgil_n account_v it_o a_o very_a just_a thing_n that_o the_o quarrel_n between_o turnus_n and_o he_o shall_v have_v be_v thus_o decide_v 11._o aen._n 11._o fitter_n it_o have_v be_v for_o turnus_n thus_o to_o have_v die_v and_o for_o this_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o m._n anthony_n challenge_v caesar_n to_o a_o single_a combat_n as_o plutarch_n record_v ant._n vit._n ant._n sure_o it_o be_v that_o among_o other_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a franc_n agathias_n high_o commend_v this_o who_o word_n be_v worthy_a of_o eternal_a memory_n be_v to_o this_o purpose_n no_o soon_o do_v any_o quarrel_n arise_v between_o their_o king_n but_o immediate_o they_o betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o arm_n they_o raise_v army_n and_o march_n against_o each_o other_o so_o furious_o as_o if_o nothing_o but_o a_o absolute_a conquest_n can_v end_v the_o controversy_n but_o yet_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o army_n meet_v and_o face_v they_o present_o lay_v aside_o all_o animosity_n and_o make_v peace_n thereby_o enforce_v as_o it_o be_v their_o king_n to_o dispute_v their_o grievance_n rather_o by_o law_n than_o arm_n or_o if_o that_o please_v they_o not_o then_o to_o end_v their_o quarrel_n with_o the_o peril_n of_o their_o own_o life_n only_o as_o judge_v it_o neither_o just_a nor_o reasonable_a nor_o indeed_o agreeable_a to_o their_o national_a custom_n for_o their_o king_n to_o sacrifice_v the_o commonwealth_n to_o their_o private_a hatred_n wherefore_o they_o instant_o disband_v their_o army_n reconcile_v their_o prince_n and_o make_v peace_n tanta_fw-la in_o subditis_fw-la cura_fw-la justitiae_fw-la &_o patriae_fw-la amor_fw-la in_fw-la regibus_fw-la animus_n placidus_fw-la &_o suis_fw-la obsequens_fw-la so_o great_a in_o the_o subject_n be_v their_o esteem_n of_o justice_n and_o love_n to_o their_o country_n and_o in_o their_o king_n their_o moderation_n of_o spirit_n and_o their_o compliance_n with_o the_o people_n in_o order_n to_o their_o common_a safety_n xi_o in_o case_n equal_o dubious_a the_o present_a occupant_a have_v the_o best_a right_n although_o where_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v doubtful_a both_o party_n be_v oblige_v to_o seek_v after_o condition_n of_o peace_n to_o prevent_v the_o misery_n of_o war_n yet_o do_v it_o more_o concern_v he_o that_o demand_n than_o he_o that_o enjoy_v what_o the_o other_o require_v as_o in_o the_o like_o equal_a cause_n melior_fw-la est_fw-la possidentis_fw-la conditio_fw-la the_o title_n of_o the_o present_a occupant_a be_v presume_v to_o be_v best_a as_o be_v most_o agreeable_a not_o only_o to_o civil_a but_o to_o natural_a right_n the_o reason_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o give_v elsewhere_o out_o of_o aristotle_n problem_n whereunto_o we_o must_v here_o add_v that_o war_n can_v be_v lawful_o make_v by_o he_o who_o though_o he_o know_v his_o title_n to_o what_o he_o claim_v to_o be_v good_a yet_o can_v produce_v evidence_n sufficient_a to_o convince_v the_o present_a occupant_a of_o the_o illegality_n of_o his_o possession_n because_o he_o have_v not_o a_o right_a to_o compel_v his_o adversary_n to_o leave_v his_o possession_n xii_o if_o neither_o be_v possess_v than_o a_o partition_n be_v just_a where_o the_o right_a be_v equal_o ambiguous_a and_o neither_o party_n in_o possession_n or_o both_o equal_o than_o he_o be_v to_o be_v repute_v unjust_a that_o shall_v refuse_v a_o equal_a partition_n of_o the_o thing_n controvert_v be_v offer_v unto_o he_o xiii_o whether_o a_o war_n may_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a explain_v by_o many_o distinction_n by_o what_o have_v be_v herein_o say_v it_o will_v be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o resolve_v that_o question_n which_o be_v so_o frequent_o controvert_v whether_o a_o war_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o principal_a promoter_n of_o it_o can_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a where_o we_o must_v first_o distinguish_v between_o the_o various_a acception_n of_o the_o word_n just_o episcopus_fw-la just_o so_o gratian_n distinguish_v justice_n into_o that_o which_o respect_v the_o cause_n the_o order_n and_o the_o mind_n c._n 11._o q._n 5._o post_fw-la c._n episcopus_fw-la for_o a_o thing_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v just_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o cause_n or_o according_a to_o the_o effect_n again_o a_o thing_n a_o may_v be_v just_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o cause_n either_o according_a to_o the_o special_a and_o strict_a acception_n of_o justice_n or_o according_a to_o its_o more_o general_a acception_n as_o it_o comprehend_v whatsoever_o in_o equity_n or_o honesty_n ought_v to_o be_v do_v again_o the_o word_n just_o take_v in_o its_o special_a signification_n may_v be_v subdivide_v into_o that_o which_o respect_v the_o work_n do_v or_o into_o that_o which_o respect_v the_o mind_n of_o he_o that_o do_v it_o for_o the_o agent_n may_v sometime_o be_v say_v to_o do_v just_o whilst_o he_o do_v not_o unjust_o though_o that_o which_o he_o do_v be_v not_o just_a as_o aristotle_n greg._n aristotle_n eth._n l._n 5._o c._n 10_o 11._o greg._n right_o distinguish_v between_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o do_v unjust_o and_o to_o do_v that_o which_o be_v unjust_a bonis_fw-la male_a utuntur_fw-la qui_fw-la temporali_fw-la lucro_fw-la just_a judicant_fw-la they_o make_v ill_a use_n of_o thing_n in_o themselves_o good_a who_o do_v justice_n for_o reward_n sake_n because_o it_o be_v the_o hope_n of_o gain_n and_o not_o the_o love_n of_o justice_n that_o excite_v they_o to_o defend_v the_o truth_n now_o in_o this_o special_a acception_n of_o the_o word_n just_o and_o as_o it_o relate_v to_o the_o thing_n itself_o no_o war_n can_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a as_o neither_o can_v any_o other_o contest_v be_v quia_fw-la facultas_fw-la moralis_fw-la ad_fw-la contraria_fw-la non_fw-la datur_fw-la per_fw-la rei_fw-la ipsius_fw-la naturam_fw-la because_o the_o very_a nature_n so_o the_o thing_n about_o which_o the_o dispute_n be_v will_v not_o admit_v of_o a_o moral_a power_n to_o thing_n that_o be_v contrary_a as_o namely_o to_o do_v a_o thing_n and_o yet_o to_o oppose_v the_o do_n of_o it_o but_o yet_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v that_o neither_o of_o the_o party_n war_a against_o each_o other_o do_v unjust_o because_o no_o man_n can_v be_v say_v to_o do_v unjust_o but_o he_o that_o know_v that_o which_o he_o do_v to_o be_v unjust_a but_o many_o man_n do_v not_o know_v that_o they_o do_v amiss_o though_o that_o which_o they_o do_v be_v in_o itself_o unjust_a so_o when_o man_n go_v to_o law_n they_o may_v just_o that_o be_v with_o a_o good_a mind_n and_o intention_n do_v it_o on_o both_o side_n because_o they_o do_v both_o conceive_v that_o they_o be_v in_o the_o right_a injustice_n to_o some_o thing_n the_o right_o be_v not_o discernible_a who_o it_o be_v and_o then_o whilst_o each_o endeavour_n to_o take_v that_o from_o another_o which_o he_o think_v belong_v to_o himself_o who_o can_v condemn_v either_o of_o injustice_n for_o of_o many_o thing_n as_o well_o in_o point_n of_o right_n as_o in_o matter_n of_o fact_n whence_o right_o arise_v man_n be_v ignorant_a now_o in_o the_o general_a acception_n of_o the_o word_n just_o that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v just_a in_o the_o do_n whereof_o the_o agent_n be_v altogether_o innocent_a for_o the_o act_n may_v be_v unjust_a and_o yet_o the_o agent_n blameless_a by_o reason_n of_o his_o insuperable_a ignorance_n a_o example_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o such_o as_o be_v through_o no_o default_n of_o they_o ignorant_a
man_n of_o hermunduli_n which_o be_v all_o one_o as_o what_o in_o another_o place_n he_o express_v in_o these_o word_n hostess_fw-la sit_fw-la ille_fw-la quique_fw-la intra_fw-la praesidia_fw-la ejus_fw-la sunt_fw-la let_v he_o be_v declare_v a_o enemy_n and_o whosoever_o betake_v himself_o to_o his_o protection_n but_o this_o custom_n be_v in_o force_n even_o where_o there_o be_v no_o perfect_a war_n absolute_o denounce_v but_o where_o notwithstanding_o a_o certain_a violent_a prosecution_n of_o our_o right_n be_v necessary_a which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o inchoate_n and_o imperfect_a war._n it_o be_v worth_a our_o observation_n what_o agesilaus_n answer_v to_o pharnabazus_n be_v a_o subject_a to_o the_o persian_a king_n o_o pharnabazus_n 4._o plut._n age_n &_o xenoph._n hist_n graec._n 4._o when_o heretofore_o we_o be_v friend_n to_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n we_o deal_v friendly_a with_o all_o that_o appertain_v unto_o he_o so_o now_o be_v his_o enemy_n we_o use_v all_o his_o as_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o since_o thou_o be_v willing_a to_o depend_v upon_o his_o protection_n we_o may_v lawful_o weaken_v he_o by_o thou_o the_o learned_a damascene_fw-la do_v prudent_o distinguish_v between_o the_o take_n of_o prize_n or_o reprizal_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o debt_n or_o reparation_n of_o damage_n and_o the_o make_n of_o war_n which_o he_o illustrate_v by_o the_o example_n of_o king_n herod_n for_o who_o 6._o jos_n antiq._n 6._o though_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o arabian_n yet_o be_v it_o lawful_a for_o he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o take_v prize_n throughout_o all_o arabia_n for_o the_o five_o hundred_o talent_n due_a unto_o he_o if_o not_o pay_v by_o a_o certain_a day_n appoint_v for_o so_o it_o be_v express_o covenant_v between_o they_o and_o therefore_o herod_n do_v right_o deny_v that_o to_o be_v the_o make_n of_o war_n which_o be_v but_o a_o just_a and_o lawful_a way_n to_o recover_v his_o own_o right_a iii_o a_o example_n in_o take_v of_o man_n prisoner_n a_o branch_n of_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o right_n be_v that_o which_o the_o athenian_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o make_v man_n prisoner_n concern_v which_o the_o attic_a law_n be_v this_o if_o any_o man_n have_v be_v by_o forcible_a assault_n kill_v by_o a_o stranger_n the_o next_o of_o kin_n have_v a_o right_a to_o take_v any_o three_o man_n prisoner_n but_o no_o more_o and_o to_o detain_v they_o until_o the_o murderer_n be_v either_o punish_v or_o deliver_v up_o to_o be_v punish_v hence_o we_o may_v perceive_v that_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o incorporeal_a right_n of_o subject_n that_o be_v a_o liberty_n to_o live_v where_o and_o to_o do_v what_o they_o please_v engage_v for_o the_o debt_n of_o every_o society_n which_o ought_v to_o punish_v such_o of_o their_o own_o society_n as_o shall_v dare_v to_o injure_v those_o of_o another_o society_n so_o that_o any_o of_o the_o member_n of_o that_o society_n that_o shall_v negglect_v or_o refuse_v to_o do_v it_o if_o take_v may_v be_v hold_v in_o bondage_n until_o that_o society_n do_v what_o they_o ought_v that_o be_v until_o they_o either_o punish_v or_o deliver_v up_o the_o offender_n for_o although_o the_o egyptian_n as_o diodorus_n testify_v do_v maintain_v that_o it_o be_v not_o just_a to_o imprison_v a_o man_n for_o debt_n yet_o be_v there_o nothing_o in_o it_o repugnant_a to_o nature_n and_o the_o general_a practice_n not_o only_o of_o the_o grecian_n but_o of_o most_o other_o nation_n be_v sufficient_a to_o warrant_v the_o contrary_n aristocrates_n who_o be_v contemporary_a with_o demosthenes_n demand_v that_o a_o decree_n may_v pass_v that_o whosoever_o shall_v kill_v charidemus_n shall_v be_v take_v away_o from_o what_o place_n soever_o and_o that_o whosoever_o shall_v make_v resistance_n shall_v be_v hold_v as_o a_o enemy_n in_o which_o decree_n demosthenes_n observe_v these_o error_n first_o that_o aristocrates_n do_v not_o distinguish_v between_o the_o put_n to_o death_n of_o charidemus_n just_o or_o unjust_o see_v that_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o he_o may_v deserve_v death_n next_o that_o he_o do_v not_o require_v that_o judgement_n shall_v first_o be_v demand_v against_o he_o and_o three_o that_o not_o they_o among_o who_o he_o shall_v be_v kill_v but_o they_o that_o shall_v receive_v the_o murderer_n be_v escape_v into_o protection_n shall_v be_v prosecute_v as_o enemy_n demosthenes_n his_o word_n be_v to_o this_o purpose_n if_o a_o murder_n be_v commit_v among_o any_o people_n and_o they_o refuse_v either_o to_o punish_v or_o to_o deliver_v up_o the_o murderer_n the_o law_n allow_v the_o apprehension_n of_o three_o man_n but_o aristocrates_n leave_v these_o man_n untouched_a and_o not_o so_o much_o as_o mention_n they_o but_o will_v have_v those_o persecute_v as_o enemy_n who_o have_v according_a to_o the_o common_a right_n of_o nation_n concern_v suppliant_n receive_v he_o that_o have_v escape_v by_o flight_n for_o so_o i_o put_v the_o case_n into_o protection_n unless_o they_o deliver_v he_o the_o four_o thing_n that_o he_o reprove_v be_v that_o aristocrates_n will_v instant_o bring_v it_o to_o a_o absolute_a war_n whereas_o the_o law_n require_v only_o the_o detention_n of_o three_o man_n of_o these_o four_o exception_n that_o demosthenes_n take_v against_o aristocrates_n his_o decree_n the_o first_o the_o second_o and_o the_o four_o be_v not_o altogether_o without_o reason_n but_o for_o the_o three_o unless_o restrain_v to_o the_o sole_a event_n of_o the_o murder_n do_v either_o accidental_o or_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o himself_o i_o can_v perceive_v why_o it_o shall_v be_v mention_v unless_o it_o be_v like_o a_o orator_n for_o argument_n sake_n rather_o than_o true_o or_o just_o for_o as_o we_o say_v before_o 7._o vid._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 21._o sect._n 7._o that_o right_o which_o all_o man_n challenge_v of_o receive_v and_o defend_v suppliant_n do_v concern_v those_o only_o who_o fortune_n and_o not_o their_o own_o crime_n have_v make_v miserable_a for_o otherwise_o there_o be_v the_o same_o law_n for_o those_o among_o who_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v as_o for_o those_o who_o resuse_v either_o to_o punish_v or_o deliver_v the_o guilty_a and_o sure_o either_o the_o law_n itself_o cite_v by_o demosthenes_n have_v through_o custom_n be_v thus_o interpret_v or_o against_o such_o cavil_n be_v afterward_o more_o liquid_o express_v the_o truth_n of_o one_o of_o these_o none_o will_v deny_v that_o read_v that_o of_o julius_n pollux_n 6._o lib._n 8._o c._n 6._o who_o word_n be_v these_o the_o take_n of_o man_n prisoner_n be_v then_o lawful_a when_o a_o man_n have_v demand_v homicide_n who_o have_v flee_v for_o safety_n to_o other_o can_v receive_v they_o for_o the_o right_n of_o apprehend_v three_o man_n lie_v against_o those_o who_o have_v receive_v malefactor_n into_o protection_n refuse_v either_o to_o deliver_v they_o or_o to_o punish_v they_o according_a to_o law_n the_o like_a we_o find_v in_o harpocration_n the_o right_n of_o take_v prisoner_n be_v a_o right_a to_o snatch_v away_o some_o man_n from_o some_o other_o city_n for_o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n against_o such_o city_n as_o receive_v malefactor_n and_o refuse_v either_o to_o punish_v they_o or_o to_o deliver_v they_o to_o be_v punish_v to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o right_n of_o pignoration_n the_o like_a may_v be_v do_v by_o any_o city_n who_o citizen_n have_v be_v manifest_o and_o injurious_o take_v away_o and_o detain_v from_o they_o thus_o we_o read_v that_o at_o carthage_n there_o be_v some_o that_o oppose_v the_o take_n of_o ariston_n the_o tyrian_a prisoner_n upon_o this_o ground_n 34._o liv._o l._n 34._o that_o the_o like_a will_v be_v do_v against_o the_o carthaginian_n both_o at_o tyre_n and_o at_o other_o mart_n town_n where_o the_o carthaginian_n use_v to_o traffic_v iu_o reprizal_n lawful_a another_o kind_n of_o forcible_a execution_n of_o this_o right_n be_v the_o take_n of_o good_n between_o the_o people_n of_o divers_a nation_n which_o our_o modern_a lawyer_n call_v reprizal_n or_o a_o violent_a seize_v and_o detention_n of_o each_o other_o good_n which_o the_o english_a and_o the_o saxon_n call_v withernam_fw-la and_o the_o french_a even_o where_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v obtain_v from_o the_o king_n letter_n of_o marque_n which_o also_o be_v frequent_o grant_v and_o be_v of_o force_n as_o lawyer_n say_v where_o right_o be_v deny_v v._o our_o right_n be_v first_o deny_v and_o when_o that_o be_v and_o this_o may_v be_v presume_v not_o only_a when_o they_o can_v in_o any_o reasonable_a time_n obtain_v judgement_n against_o a_o delinquent_n or_o a_o debtor_n but_o when_o in_o a_o case_n that_o will_v hardly_o admit_v of_o any_o doubt_n sentence_n shall_v pass_v plain_o against_o right_n for_o case_n that_o be_v ambiguous_a the_o definitive_a
be_v understand_v as_o he_o understand_v to_o who_o they_o be_v make_v 167._o call_v vow_n and_o why_o 172._o the_o end_n of_o all_o controversy_n 172._o bound_v not_o to_o thing_n unlawful_a 169._o of_o joshua_n to_o the_o gibeonite_n bind_v page_n 168_o 169_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n to_o the_o carthaginian_n bind_v page_n 167_o 168_o a_o oath_n not_o to_o be_v too_o far_o wrest_v 169._o not_o to_o do_v good_a not_o bind_v 170._o nor_o that_o which_o hinder_v a_o great_a good_a ibid._n can_v bind_v to_o impossibility_n ibid._n by_o false_a god_n bind_v 171._o by_o the_o creature_n oblige_v ibid._n by_o fraud_n or_o fear_n extort_a must_v be_v fulfil_v for_o the_o oath_n sake_n 172._o make_v to_o pirate_n or_o tyrant_n oblige_v ibid._n in_o oath_n two_o thing_n requisite_a truth_n in_o word_n and_o fidelity_n in_o action_n ibid._n over_o subject_n oath_n what_o power_n superior_n have_v page_n 173_o by_o a_o false_a oath_n to_o deceive_v a_o enemy_n perjury_n page_n 172_o of_o oath_n some_o be_v assertory_n and_o some_o promissory_a 174._o the_o latter_a forbid_v by_o james_n and_o christ_n ibid._n oath_n shall_v except_v necessity_n and_o coaction_n page_n 123_o from_o oath_n absolution_n from_o whence_o original_o page_v 174_o by_o oath_n promise_v make_v in_o what_o case_n oblige_v not_o page_n 173_o a_o honest_a man_n word_n as_o good_a as_o his_o oath_n page_n 175_o a_o oath_n to_o perform_v king_n bind_v before_o god_n page_n 177_o oath_n from_o subject_n shall_v have_v this_o restriction_n unless_o my_o king_n command_v the_o contrary_a ibid._n philip_n of_o macedon_n regardless_o of_o oath_n page_n 537_o the_o form_n of_o oath_n military_a page_n 28_o to_o obey_v more_o natural_a to_o some_o nation_n than_o to_o command_v page_n 38_o obedience_n in_o what_o case_n necessary_a 55_o 56_o 429._o sometime_o unlawful_a 427._o especial_o in_o thing_n forbid_v by_o god_n or_o nature_n 53._o to_o command_n unjust_a not_o due_a 429._o ready_o yield_v by_o he_o that_o understand_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n page_n 430_o obedience_n to_o parent_n and_o sustentation_n to_o child_n due_a 123._o yet_o it_o can_v justify_v our_o disobedience_n to_o god_n page_n 427_o obligation_n restrain_v the_o faculty_n or_o the_o exercise_n of_o such_o a_o act_n only_o the_o difference_n page_n 47_o 48_o obligation_n feudal_n see_v feudal_n obligation_n arise_v from_o dominion_n page_n 146_o obligation_n internal_a give_v no_o right_a to_o another_o page_n 151_o obligation_n all_o require_v deliberation_n page_n 551_o 552_o obligation_n by_o officer_n with_o our_o default_n from_o what_o law_n it_o proceed_v page_n 203_o 204_o king_n may_v be_v oblige_v either_o natural_o or_o civil_o page_v 177_o oblige_a we_o may_v be_v by_o another_o page_n 154_o oblige_v we_o may_v whatsoever_o we_o have_v absolute_a power_n in_o or_o over_o page_n 400_o 401_o oblige_a we_o may_v be_v to_o a_o pirate_n or_o robber_n be_v not_o terrify_v by_o fear_n page_n 538_o oblige_a a_o man_n may_v be_v by_o some_o delinquency_n page_n 200_o oblige_a none_o can_v be_v to_o a_o unjust_a war_n page_n 187_o of_o obligation_n without_o compulsion_n example_n page_n 211_o obstinacy_n to_o defend_v our_o own_o party_n no_o just_a cause_n to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n page_n 508_o by_o the_o occasion_n of_o another_o sin_n a_o man_n may_v suffer_v though_o that_o sin_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o suffer_a page_n 401_o occupancy_n its_o right_n where_o thing_n be_v in_o common_a page_n 78_o by_o occupancy_n what_o every_o one_o have_v be_v the_o first_o rise_v of_o propriety_n page_n 79_o of_o occupancy_n after_o the_o communion_n be_v lose_v page_n 80_o occupancy_n presume_v thing_n bound_v 81._o as_o land_n by_o manor_n or_o farm_n ibid._n of_o empire_n and_o of_o dominion_n as_o distinguish_v from_o empire_n 88_o it_o be_v the_o original_a way_n to_o gain_v dominion_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n page_n 135_o what_o if_o it_o be_v of_o a_o place_n pray_fw-mi occupy_v by_o man_n irrational_a page_n 407_o the_o occupant_a in_o doubtful_a case_n have_v the_o best_a title_n page_n 414_o to_o the_o ancient_a occupant_n land_n restore_v by_o the_o emperor_n honorius_n after_o three_o hundred_o year_n page_n 492_o odious_a promise_n which_o 192._o how_o to_o be_v interpret_v ibid._n league_n and_o promise_n if_o in_o doubt_n be_v personal_a page_n 194_o offender_n be_v demand_v when_o to_o be_v deliver_v page_n 395_o 396_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 439._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d page_n 407_o old_a man_n in_o war_n to_o be_v spare_v page_n 505_o none_n the_o same_o old_a as_o young_a page_n 141_o opinion_n concern_v god_n be_v not_o easy_o demonstrable_a no_o cause_n of_o war_n page_n 389_o our_o opinion_n especial_o concern_v religion_n hardly_o part_v from_o page_n 391_o oppression_n notorious_a a_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n if_o without_o danger_n to_o ourselves_o page_n 424_o oppression_n of_o subject_n where_o great_a than_o the_o misery_n of_o war_n war_n may_v be_v make_v against_o tyrant_n page_n 421_o ordinance_n of_o god_n in_o what_o sense_n kingly_a power_n be_v say_v page_n 18_o order_n what_o among_o equal_n or_o associate_n page_n 114_o the_o order_n of_o such_o as_o have_v equal_a share_n in_o thing_n ibid._n in_o what_o order_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o restore_v who_o have_v occasion_v damage_n page_n 201_o 202_o the_o order_n of_o christian_a king_n sit_v in_o council_n page_n 114_o original_a acquisition_n page_n 88_o owner_n right_a not_o know_v none_o bind_v to_o restore_v page_n 149_o the_o right_a owner_n transfer_v his_o interest_n be_v a_o sure_a title_n page_n 151_o ox_n forbid_v to_o be_v eat_v to_o be_v spare_v in_o war_n page_n 514_o p._n papinianus_n put_v to_o death_n for_o not_o defend_v parricide_n page_n 428_o parent_n to_o be_v nourish_v 123._o though_o severe_a to_o be_v obey_v 57_o to_o be_v reverence_v as_o god_n pref._n seven_o honour_n and_o obedience_n due_a to_o they_o 123._o differ_v in_o their_o command_n whether_o to_o obey_v 103._o their_o right_a to_o sell_v or_o pawn_v their_o child_n what_o 104._o their_o right_a over_o their_o child_n different_a according_a to_o their_o several_a age_n and_o condition_n 103_o 104_o their_o estate_n due_a to_o their_o child_n by_o a_o twofold_a right_n 124._o whether_o they_o owe_v any_o part_n of_o their_o good_n to_o their_o child_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 122._o their_o love_n to_o their_o child_n more_o natural_a than_o their_o child_n to_o they_o 123._o their_o power_n to_o punish_v as_o well_o as_o to_o govern_v their_o child_n 104._o never_o exheredate_v their_o child_n until_o they_o prove_v incorrigible_a 416_o 417._o their_o marriage_n with_o their_o child_n unnatural_a page_n 107_o parliament_n to_o what_o end_n call_v page_n 42_o a_o parley_n demand_v and_o accept_v render_v both_o side_n secure_a 569._o during_o each_o may_v promote_v his_o own_o interest_n so_o that_o he_o hurt_v not_o the_o other_o ibid._n under_o pretence_n of_o a_o parley_n bituitus_n be_v treacherous_o take_v captive_a by_o the_o roman_n ibid._n parricide_n page_n 28_o particular_n if_o they_o consent_v not_o not_o punishable_a for_o the_o whole_a page_n 399_o partition_n just_a where_o the_o title_n be_v dubious_a and_o neither_o possess_v page_n 414_o passage_n deny_v may_v be_v by_o arm_n force_v page_n 83_o passage_n by_o land_n or_o sea_n common_a to_o all_o ibid._n how_o army_n may_v pass_v safe_o without_o danger_n page_n 84_o passionate_a act_n more_o pardonable_a than_o deliberate_a page_n 380_o pater_fw-la patratus_fw-la what_o page_n 546_o patience_n commend_v by_o christ_n example_n 63._o prefer_v before_o revenge_n 33._o in_o bear_v reproach_n 21_o 22_o 23._o in_o a_o governor_n or_o in_o a_o state_n punishable_a page_n 393_o patrimony_n distinguish_v from_o the_o profit_n of_o it_o page_n 120_o paul_n refuse_v not_o a_o guard_n of_o soldier_n page_n 20_o parent_n that_o receive_v to_o what_o bind_v page_n 160_o peace_n profitable_a to_o the_o victor_n vanquish_v and_o those_o of_o equal_a power_n 572._o once_o obtain_v to_o be_v religious_o keep_v 571._o its_o article_n how_o to_o be_v understand_v 546_o 547._o all_o of_o they_o to_o be_v equal_o observe_v 549_o 572._o when_o say_v to_o be_v break_v 548._o to_o be_v embrace_v though_o with_o loss_n 572._o not_o to_o be_v patch_v up_o but_o firm_o make_v 547._o be_v make_v all_o public_a injury_n though_o then_o unknown_a presume_v to_o be_v remit_v 547._o to_o purchase_n from_o a_o enemy_n too_o potent_a no_o dishonour_n page_n 418_o for_o peace_n whether_o the_o good_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v alienable_a 544._o or_o the_o good_n of_o subject_n 545._o the_o empire_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o ibid._n peace_n by_o who_o it_o may_v be_v make_v 544._o be_v make_v by_o