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give_v thou_o the_o product_n of_o my_o experience_n and_o from_o each_o remove_v the_o inconvenience_n and_o draw_v out_o the_o quintessence_n as_o i_o be_o able_a if_o this_o plough_n be_v preserve_v from_o any_o earth_n cleave_v at_o all_o to_o it_o be_v as_o little_a in_o compass_n as_o any_o have_v the_o advantage_n of_o sharp_a iron_n and_o perfect_a true_a workmanship_n as_o that_o it_o need_v no_o wheel_n which_o be_v a_o weight_n and_o require_v strength_n and_o be_v of_o no_o use_n but_o to_o guide_v the_o pitch_n and_o this_o pitch_n be_v make_v so_o true_a of_o itself_o as_o it_o will_v go_v without_o it_o and_o the_o wrest_v cut_v short_a which_o give_v much_o ease_n and_o make_v the_o plough_n go_v more_o certain_a and_o the_o furrow_n turn_v better_o and_o all_o these_o be_v as_o a_o addition_n to_o it_o i_o conceive_v and_o know_v less_o strength_n will_v draw_v it_o to_o which_o if_o you_o please_v you_o may_v add_v the_o dutch_a coulter_n it_o go_v somewhat_o easy_o and_o be_v best_a for_o the_o pure_a turf_n without_o stone_n but_o the_o other_o be_v keep_v as_o sharp_a be_v more_o certain_a and_o not_o subject_a to_o be_v cast_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o will_v do_v exceed_o well_o in_o wrought_a tillable_n land_n if_o you_o keep_v it_o a_o little_a before_o the_o share_n that_o it_o may_v cut_v first_o and_o one_o think_v wide_a also_o but_o never_o within_o the_o share_n it_o be_v true_a in_o irregular_a extreme_a land_n either_o for_o stone_n root_n or_o hardness_n i_o be_o at_o a_o loss_n and_o for_o that_o end_n advise_v to_o the_o double-wheeled_n plough_n which_o though_o it_o will_v be_v no_o otherwise_o advantage_v to_o ease_v than_o as_o it_o be_v well_o and_o complete_o make_v yet_o it_o be_v for_o strength_n &_o to_o supply_v extremity_n and_o case_n of_o necessity_n without_o rule_n but_o thus_o much_o i_o will_v say_v that_o take_v or_o make_v i_o such_o a_o plough_n aforesaid_a describe_v upon_o any_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a land_n where_o the_o easy_a and_o best_a plough_n be_v use_v which_o i_o can_v wish_v have_v be_v before_o now_o discover_v which_o will_v have_v save_v i_o this_o labour_n and_o make_v trial_n of_o it_o and_o as_o the_o land_n be_v light_a and_o easy_a so_o make_v the_o plough_n light_a and_o lesser_a and_o if_o it_o go_v not_o easy_o by_o a_o considerable_a part_n my_o judgement_n fail_v i_o afford_v i_o be_o sure_a these_o particular_n consider_v and_o solid_o put_v in_o practice_n throughout_o this_o nation_n may_v very_o well_o save_v one_o three_o part_n of_o the_o charge_n and_o toil_n of_o horse_n and_o man_n nay_o in_o some_o part_n i_o be_o confident_a near_o one_o half_a and_o if_o to_o the_o best_a plough_n it_o will_v give_v but_o the_o least_o addition_n it_o be_v satisfaction_n enough_o to_o i_o but_o i_o very_o well_o know_v it_o will_v save_v one_o horse_n in_o four_o and_o i_o believe_v one_o in_o three_o as_o most_o country_n use_v and_o one_o man_n in_o two_o all_o that_o i_o have_v say_v be_v but_o to_o the_o pitch_n and_o make_v the_o body_n of_o the_o plough_n i_o say_v again_o if_o any_o contend_v for_o wheel_n or_o foot_n he_o need_v but_o give_v his_o plough_n a_o little_o deep_a pitch_n and_o he_o may_v add_v either_o thereunto_o as_o well_o as_o to_o any_o other_o and_o please_v himself_o the_o description_n of_o it_o shall_v follow_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o 33_o chapter_n and_o if_o you_o object_n what_o shall_v guide_v the_o plough_n for_o depth_n and_o keep_v it_o from_o sting_a in_o clay_n ground_n and_o how_o may_v you_o let_v it_o up_o and_o down_o as_o the_o nature_n of_o your_o land_n require_v to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o have_v both_o in_o your_o plough_n and_o plough-iron_n bring_v your_o plough_n to_o a_o true_a and_o perfect_a pitch_n it_o will_v require_v but_o little_a help_n herein_o yet_o hereby_o you_o may_v much_o answer_v your_o desire_n in_o two_o particular_n 1_o in_o your_o hindmost_a gear_n you_o may_v at_o your_o chain_n that_o be_v put_v upon_o your_o plough-cock_n or_o clevy_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v make_v short_a link_v on_o purpose_n to_o take_v up_o or_o let_v down_o as_o you_o see_v occasion_n 2_o your_o hindmost_a or_o fill-horse_n at_o the_o back-band_n which_o may_v be_v to_o take_v up_o or_o let_v down_o you_o may_v ease_v yourself_o at_o plearsue_v and_o so_o i_o descend_v to_o the_o last_o general_n head_n chap._n xxxii_o contain_v the_o applicatory_a part_n of_o plough_n use_v wherein_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o hold_v forth_o to_o what_o sort_n of_o land_n and_o to_o what_o season_n or_o tilth_n of_o land_n each_o plough_n be_v or_o may_v be_v most_o serviceable_a in_o the_o description_n whereof_o i_o shall_v in_o general_n say_v that_o when_o land_n come_v to_o that_o extremity_n of_o hardness_n as_o the_o plough_n be_v force_v beyond_o its_o gage_n or_o pitch_n of_o truth_n and_o that_o nothing_o but_o force_n will_v overcome_v it_o than_o we_o must_v be_v content_a to_o lay_v by_o our_o hope_n of_o ease_n and_o all_o our_o plough_n whatsoever_o that_o be_v make_v upon_o that_o account_n for_o it_o be_v conclude_v that_o all_o good_a husband_n will_v take_v their_o season_n which_o season_n be_v chief_o for_o all_o their_o summer_n crop_n in_o winter_n when_o the_o land_n be_v moist_a &_o workable_a corn_n from_o november_n until_o march_v and_o for_o all_o winter_n crop_v the_o foundation_n of_o that_o work_n be_v to_o be_v lay_v in_o winter_n as_o in_o the_o end_n of_o december_n and_o january_n to_o fallow_a as_o we_o call_v it_o corn_n all_o our_o strong_a coarse_a lie_v turf_n when_o we_o may_v work_v it_o well_o and_o clear_v it_o up_o to_o the_o bottom_n which_o be_v once_o well_o plough_v in_o a_o right_a season_n it_o will_v work_v reasonable_a well_o in_o the_o hard_a season_n the_o next_o plough_v and_o so_o very_o well_o the_o next_o and_o so_o throughout_o when_o it_o be_v complete_o plough_v at_o the_o first_o which_o first_o opportunity_n if_o it_o be_v overpass_v by_o too_o much_o business_n or_o sloth_n or_o otherwise_o make_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o our_o tilth_n uncomfortable_a every_o common_a husbandman_n know_v these_o thing_n and_o for_o this_o tilth_n or_o season_n of_o plough_v and_o these_o sort_n of_o land_n especial_o be_v very_o rough_a hilly_a or_o banky_a your_o wheeled-plough_n will_v not_o work_v but_o will_v be_v cast_v out_o by_o every_o hill_n for_o this_o use_n i_o shall_v advise_v you_o to_o the_o plain_a plough_n make_v a_o little_o strong_a than_o ordinary_a with_o a_o true_a pitch_n both_o for_o breadth_n and_o depth_n and_o because_o both_o wheel_n and_o foot_n too_o will_v cast_v it_o out_o at_o every_o hill_n and_o some_o man_n can_v hold_v a_o plough_n without_o either_o and_o possible_o thy_o land_n may_v be_v uncertain_a land_n that_o be_v some_o clay_n and_o some_o sand_n and_o some_o mould_n hillaâ—ground_n each_o of_o which_o will_v alter_v the_o go_n of_o the_o plough_n therefore_o in_o this_o case_n let_v a_o iron_n foot_n be_v make_v with_o a_o sharp_a edge_n like_o a_o coulter_n forward_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o shank_n &_o the_o foot_n make_v flattish_a and_o very_o thin_a at_o both_o edge_n and_o a_o little_o strong_a in_o the_o middle_n rise_v like_o a_o place_n fish_n and_o no_o thick_a and_o that_o will_v cut_v your_o hill_n before_o your_o coulter_n and_o keep_v it_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n too_o from_o sting_v or_o draw_v into_o the_o caly_n but_o yet_o a_o good_a plough-holder_n with_o a_o good_a plough_n will_v cast_v this_o away_o also_o in_o the_o rough_a land_n and_o mere_o with_o this_o hinder_a chain_n &_o backband_n of_o his_o hindmost_a horse_n take_v it_o up_o at_o pleasure_n and_o even_o play_v with_o it_o too_o in_o the_o strong_a workable_a work_n when_o another_o shall_v moyl_v himself_o like_o a_o beast_n as_o we_o say_v but_o to_o hasten_v when_o by_o a_o drought_n you_o be_v out_o of_o work_n than_o i_o say_v as_o afore_o that_o with_o strength_n your_o wheeled-plough_n will_v do_v exceed_o well_o and_o none_o like_o it_o your_o double_a wheel_a one_o i_o mean_v and_o your_o single_a wheel_a plough_n too_o be_v exceed_o strong_o make_v will_v tear_v up_o any_o reasonable_a ground_n but_o in_o regard_n the_o wheel_n go_v but_o upon_o a_o axletree_n and_o that_o be_v fix_v but_o in_o one_o end_n in_o the_o false_a beam_n end_n also_o it_o can_v be_v so_o strong_a as_o the_o other_o by_o far_o therefore_o i_o advise_v every_o good_a husband_n to_o one_o of_o these_o the_o body_n of_o who_o plough_n may_v be_v make_v to_o the_o same_o advantage_n heretofore_o prescribe_v as_o for_o the_o cast_n down_o a_o
it_o some_o what_o a_o more_o certain_a way_n but_o more_o chargeable_a viz._n after_o thou_o have_v bring_v a_o trench_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o bog_n then_o cut_v a_o good_a substantial_a trench_n about_o thy_o bog_n i_o mean_v according_a to_o the_o form_n of_o thy_o bog_n whether_o round_o square_a or_o long_o or_o three_o or_o four_o yard_n within_o thy_o boggy_a ground_n for_o so_o far_o i_o do_v very_o believe_v it_o will_v drayn_n that_o which_o thou_o leave_v without_o thy_o trench_n at_o the_o depth_n aforesaid_a that_o be_v underneath_o the_o spring_n water_n round_o and_o when_o thou_o have_v so_o do_v make_v one_o work_n or_o two_o just_a overthwart_o it_o upward_o and_o downward_o all_o under_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o bog_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a and_o in_o one_o year_n patience_n through_o god_n blessing_n expect_v thy_o desire_a issue_n and_o if_o it_o be_v in_o such_o a_o place_n as_o will_v occasion_v great_a danger_n to_o thy_o cattle_n then_o have_v wrought_v thy_o work_n and_o drain_v as_o aforesaid_a all_o upon_o straight_a line_n by_o all_o mean_n prevent_v as_o many_o angl_n course_n crookes_n and_o turn_n as_o be_o possible_a for_o those_o will_n but_o occasion_n stoppage_n of_o the_o water_n and_o fill_v up_o of_o trench_n and_o loss_n of_o ground_n and_o much_o more_o trouble_n than_o otherwise_o then_o thou_o must_v take_v good_a green_a faggot_n willow_n alder_n elm_n or_o thorn_n and_o lay_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o thy_o work_n and_o then_o take_v thy_o turf_n thou_o take_v up_o in_o the_o top_n of_o thy_o trench_n bâ—ast_n and_o plant_v upon_o they_o with_o the_o green_a soar_v downward_o and_o then_o fill_v up_o thy_o work_n level_v again_o until_o thou_o come_v to_o the_o bottom_n or_o nether_a end_n of_o thy_o work_n where_o thy_o trench_n be_v so_o shallow_a that_o it_o will_v not_o endanger_v thy_o cattle_n or_o rather_o take_v great_a pibble_n stone_n or_o flint_n stone_n and_o so_o fill_v up_o the_o bottom_n of_o thy_o trench_n about_o fifteen_o inch_n high_a drayning_n and_o take_v thy_o turf_n and_o plant_v it_o as_o aforesaid_a be_v cut_v very_o fit_a for_o the_o trench_n as_o it_o may_v join_v close_a as_o it_o be_v lay_v down_o and_o then_o have_v cover_v it_o all_o over_o with_o earrh_n and_o make_v it_o even_o as_o the_o other_o ground_n wait_v and_o expect_v a_o wonderful_a effect_n through_o the_o blessing_n of_o god_n but_o if_o thou_o may_v without_o eminent_a danger_n leave_v thy_o work_n open_a that_o be_v most_o certain_a of_o all_o i_o may_v make_v more_o particular_a application_n of_o the_o premise_n to_o the_o drown_a and_o cover_v part_n of_o the_o fen_n and_o marsh_n in_o the_o next_o chapter_n upon_o which_o they_o will_v have_v such_o a_o operation_n as_o to_o reduce_v they_o to_o perfect_a pasture_n recovery_n and_o to_o great_a profit_n and_o to_o all_o sort_n of_o such_o nature_a land_n thou_o may_v apply_v they_o and_o save_v i_o much_o labour_n be_v the_o main_a mean_n of_o fen_n drayning_n as_o for_o sluice_n floodgate_n waire_z and_o dam_n be_v but_o secundary_a mean_n and_o be_v the_o proper_a work_n of_o a_o engineer_n or_o good_a carpenter_n i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o for_o brevity_n sake_n but_o if_o thou_o can_v by_o any_o mean_n make_v thyself_o capable_a of_o bring_v any_o constant_a stream_n or_o powerful_a land-flood_n and_o water_n and_o constant_o flow_v over_o the_o same_o as_o in_o the_o former_a chapter_n that_o will_v reduce_v it_o to_o a_o great_a advance_n beg._n and_o work_v the_o most_o certain_a destruction_n to_o the_o bog_n of_o all_o as_o i_o have_v before_o declare_v by_o experience_n as_o i_o conceive_v the_o bog_n in_o many_o part_n of_o the_o nation_n be_v occasion_v thus_o wherever_o be_v a_o bog_n bogginess_n i_o be_o confident_a be_v former_o a_o spring_n which_o spring_n run_v and_o vent_v itself_o keep_v the_o land_n round_o about_o it_o sound_v and_o dry_a as_o where_o most_o clear_a spring_n be_v at_o this_o day_n but_o the_o say_a spring_n stop_v up_o either_o with_o leaf_n or_o cattle_n tread_v or_o wood_n fall_v upon_o the_o same_o or_o other_o filth_n for_o i_o believe_v many_o or_o most_o part_n of_o this_o land_n be_v very_o woody_a in_o former_a age_n the_o spring_n be_v stop_v that_o it_o can_v not_o clear_o vent_v and_o so_o be_v a_o live_a water_n will_v not_o be_v suppress_v or_o bury_v but_o swell_v and_o boil_v up_o into_o bogginess_n and_o so_o vent_v itself_o by_o little_a and_o little_a in_o a_o great_a compass_n of_o land_n because_o it_o can_v break_v forth_o clear_a together_o in_o a_o lesser_a because_o of_o the_o pressure_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o earth_n upon_o it_o and_o this_o be_v the_o most_o natural_a cause_n thereof_o that_o i_o can_v gather_v and_o my_o reason_n be_v this_o in_o many_o bog_n i_o will_v not_o say_v in_o all_o i_o have_v find_v great_a piece_n or_o bough_n or_o body_n of_o tree_n lie_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o bog_n four_o or_o five_o foot_n deep_a in_o the_o full_a proportion_n of_o a_o tree_n or_o bough_n as_o it_o fall_v in_o but_o when_o you_o come_v to_o take_v it_o up_o you_o may_v cut_v it_o with_o your_o spade_n just_a as_o as_o you_o do_v your_o earth_n and_o it_o go_v to_o earth_n but_o how_o this_o shall_v come_v so_o low_a and_o lie_v so_o deep_a and_o so_o familiar_o in_o land_n of_o this_o nature_n and_o not_o as_o frequent_o upon_o sound_a land_n i_o can_v conceive_v otherwise_o than_o as_o aforesaid_a chap._n viii_o answer_v several_a objection_n make_v against_o the_o probality_n of_o so_o great_a advance_n by_o float_v it_o may_v be_v some_o will_v still_o object_v and_o say_v ob._n that_o these_o affirmation_n be_v but_o pretence_n pretence_n no_o such_o advantage_n or_o ease_n as_o be_v promise_v can_v possible_o be_v perforw_v but_o i_o say_v again_o 1._o many_o gentleman_n can_v witness_v the_o truth_n hereof_o many_o land_n can_v show_v it_o and_o if_o thou_o will_v not_o believe_v relation_n believe_v thy_o eye_n go_v and_o see_v he_o who_o print_v my_o book_n shall_v be_v enable_v to_o direct_v thou_o where_o thou_o may_v see_v more_o than_o here_o be_v affirm_v again_o in_o many_o of_o the_o wood-land_n part_n in_o this_o nation_n as_o in_o worcestershire_n warwickshire_n staffordshire_n shropshire_n and_o wales-ward_n and_o northward_o there_o be_v many_o more_o improvement_n make_v upon_o coarse_a land_n than_o be_v in_o other_o part_n upon_o better_a land_n and_o the_o improvement_n make_v in_o the_o wood-land-part_n speak_v out_o the_o truth_n hereof_o much_o whereof_o be_v most_o barren_a of_o all_o land_n be_v improve_v so_o high_a as_o that_o it_o be_v at_o present_a as_o rich_a as_o many_o part_n of_o the_o fieldon_n and_o full_a of_o wealthy_a inhabitant_n i_o be_o confident_a more_o rich_a farmer_n of_o lateyeare_n than_o when_o their_o land_n be_v natural_o more_o rich_a and_o fertile_a i_o give_v not_o all_o nor_o all_o sort_n of_o precedent_n of_o improvement_n i_o can_v by_o far_o but_o only_o a_o few_o here_o and_o there_o to_o quicken_v thy_o desire_n after_o they_o the_o experiment_v whereof_o will_v bring_v more_o to_o thou_o if_o not_o bring_v thou_o to_o they_o these_o thing_n i_o know_v of_o my_o own_o knowledge_n another_o he_o object_n that_o it_o will_v breed_v the_o rush_n rush._n the_o flag_n and_o mareblab_v and_o so_o this_o float_a land_n shall_v be_v more_o prejudicial_a than_o advantageous_a i_o answer_v its_o true_a possible_o and_o easy_o it_o may_v at_z i_o have_v show_v before_o ans._n but_o be_v thou_o careful_a of_o my_o direction_n consider_v thy_o land_n if_o it_o be_v dry_a and_o sound_a and_o thy_o water_n if_o it_o be_v fat_a and_o rank_a and_o make_v the_o drayn_n trench_n as_o afore_o direct_v and_o never_o fear_v it_o all_o the_o difficulty_n be_v in_o the_o cold_a land_n and_o barren_a water_n on_o which_o also_o observe_v punctual_o my_o direction_n and_o i_o will_v warrant_v it_o make_v thy_o drain_n deep_o enough_o and_o not_o too_o far_o off_o thy_o float_v course_n land_n and_o water_n it_o with_o a_o good_a force_n of_o water_n and_o observe_v the_o season_n which_o be_v all_o the_o cold_a winter_n when_o the_o rush_n grow_v not_o it_o must_v have_v warmth_n to_o exhale_v and_o draw_v it_o out_o and_o be_v sure_a to_o lay_v thy_o land_n sound_n and_o dry_a by_o the_o drayn_n trench_n that_o it_o may_v drain_v under_o that_o moisture_n filth_n and_o venom_n as_o aforesaid_a that_o maintain_v they_o and_o then_o believe_v i_o or_o deny_v scripture_n which_o i_o hope_v thou_o dare_v not_o as_o bildad_o unto_o job._n can_v the_o rush_n grow_v without_o mire_n 12._o or_o the_o flag_n without_o water_n etc._n etc._n that_o interrogation_n
affirm_v that_o the_o land_n next_o unto_o it_o but_o a_o hedge_n betwixt_o which_o be_v far_o better_a land_n and_o indeed_o so_o it_o be_v very_o near_o as_o rich_a again_o husband_v by_o very_o able_a husband_n the_o best_a in_o that_o country_n and_o that_o land_n good_a barley-lâ—nd_a yet_o never_o answer_v the_o pain_n and_o cost_n bestow_v yet_o i_o resolve_v to_o make_v a_o full_a trial_n thereof_o i_o set_v upon_o it_o according_a to_o the_o prescription_n aforesaid_a each_o acre_n plough_v and_o harrow_n spade_v and_o dress_n for_o indeed_o i_o make_v harrow_n on_o purpose_n also_o of_o divers_a size_n it_o cost_v i_o about_o fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o shilling_n a_o acre_n the_o two_o first_o crop_n the_o very_a dress_n of_o it_o acre_n and_o for_o these_o crop_n be_v but_o of_o oat_n i_o can_v have_v have_v five_o pound_n a_o acre_n be_v offer_v it_o by_o a_o oatmeal_n man_n of_o himself_o though_o never_o ask_v grow_v upon_o the_o ground_n nay_o six_o pound_n a_o acre_n if_o i_o will_v have_v sell_v it_o which_o be_v a_o vast_a rate_n for_o oat_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o indeed_o i_o find_v the_o ground_n so_o poor_a that_o it_o will_v not_o bear_v barley_n for_o i_o try_v some_o acre_n of_o the_o best_a land_n in_o it_o but_o it_o be_v not_o worth_a a_o acre_n of_o my_o oat_n and_o after_o plough_v i_o give_v the_o old_a natural_a rent_n as_o it_o be_v ever_o set_v at_o or_o real_o worth_a and_o that_o for_o many_o year_n and_o the_o land_n be_v better_a lie_v sound_a warm_a and_o both_o yield_v more_o milk_n summer_n as_o many_o cattle_n and_o winter_n far_o more_o and_o feed_v better_a than_o it_o do_v before_o without_o any_o other_o cost_v bestow_v and_o the_o very_a first_o year_n i_o lay_v it_o down_o after_o plough_v it_o keep_v i_o more_o cattle_n and_o better_a than_o ever_o it_o do_v before_o and_o will_v continue_v better_o for_o it_o for_o ever_o after_o chap._n xvi_o show_v the_o best_a and_o most_o advantageous_a way_n of_o plough_v and_o husbandr_a land_n so_o as_o most_o to_o advantage_n it_o in_o lay_v down_o land_n to_o graze_v to_o make_v good_a the_o improvement_n promise_v and_o not_o to_o over-plow_n as_o you_o tender_v the_o loss_n of_o your_o land_n to_o this_o end_n be_v sure_a to_o lay_v your_o furrow_n open_a good_a and_o clean_o scour_v up_o and_o capable_a to_o receive_v and_o carry_v away_o all_o your_o stand_a water_n or_o soak_v moisture_n from_o your_o land_n and_o be_v sure_a so_o to_o plough_v your_o land_n as_o you_o may_v cast_v your_o land_n into_o several_a furlong_n that_o you_o may_v have_v one_o furrow_n or_o drain_n run_v into_o another_o and_o that_o next_o into_o another_o and_o so_o into_o the_o master_n trench_n which_o if_o it_o can_v be_v make_v deep_a enough_o with_o the_o blow_n let_v it_o be_v do_v with_o the_o spade_n substantial_o and_o so_o from_o one_o to_o another_o to_o carry_v away_o the_o water_n that_o it_o may_v neither_o annoy_v your_o corn_n throughout_o your_o field_n in_o any_o furlong_n nor_o your_o land_n when_o you_o come_v to_o lay_v it_o down_o and_o then_o when_o you_o have_v plough_v your_o land_n wherein_o the_o more_o truth_n and_o exactness_n you_o observe_v therein_o the_o more_o fruit_n expect_v and_o when_o you_o come_v to_o sow_v your_o land_n you_o must_v get_v very_o strong_a weighty_a harrow_n if_o you_o will_v do_v it_o indeed_o and_o not_o slubber_v it_o over_o as_o most_o do_v long_o tine_v and_o sharp_a and_o either_o they_o must_v be_v so_o weighty_a of_o themselves_o that_o they_o may_v work_v a_o gallant_a strong_a team_n to_o draw_v they_o or_o else_o so_o load_v with_o weight_n that_o you_o tear_v up_o rough_a uneven_a place_n and_o raise_v good_a store_n of_o mould_n advantageous_a which_o be_v a_o marvellous_a great_a advantage_n to_o the_o corn_n as_o for_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o hilding_n land_n as_o most_o do_v be_v reprovable_a and_o then_o with_o two_o or_o three_o sort_n of_o harrow_n each_o harrow_n have_v his_o tooth_n or_o tine_n thick_a than_o other_o which_o will_v so_o curious_o and_o certain_o cover_v your_o corn_n that_o you_o will_v have_v little_a or_o none_o â—ye_z uncover_v but_o well_o mould_v which_o will_v have_v such_o strength_n &_o heart_n unto_o it_o as_o by_o god_n blessing_n you_o may_v expect_v a_o crop_n answerable_a to_o your_o cost_n bestow_v and_o far_o great_a the_o next_o direction_n be_v that_o as_o i_o cry_v up_o plough_v as_o a_o sovereign_a mean_n of_o a_o great_a advancement_n reprove_v so_o i_o also_o as_o much_o decry_v over-plowing_a or_o the_o plough_v of_o land_n as_o most_o do_v some_o blow_n as_o long_o as_o it_o will_v bear_v any_o corn_n and_o other_o as_o long_a as_o it_o will_v bear_v good_a corn_n and_o other_o they_o plough_v on_o any_o fashion_n lay_v their_o land_n as_o though_o they_o be_v overrun_v they_o both_o to_o corn_n and_o graze_v and_o when_o they_o lay_v it_o down_o some_o lay_v down_o sound_a warm_a dry_a land_n very_o high_a ridge_n and_o furrow_n and_o small_a land_n too_o very_o prejudicial_a to_o their_o land_n and_o themselves_o too_o and_o be_v just_o reprovable_a other_o lay_v down_o strong_a cold_a land_n flat_a unopened_a some_o part_n plough_v some_o unplow_a full_a of_o balk_n hole_n and_o hill_n as_o if_o they_o will_v secure_v or_o engross_v all_o the_o coldness_n and_o venom_n of_o all_o the_o water_n and_o hunger_n that_o be_v either_o natural_o upon_o it_o less_o or_o that_o fall_v upon_o it_o or_o pass_v by_o it_o they_o matter_n not_o after_o what_o manner_n they_o leave_v it_o nor_o after_o what_o grain_n i_o therefore_o prescribe_v only_o three_o or_o four_o year_n to_o blow_n unto_o this_o sort_n of_o land_n and_o to_o raise_v it_o every_o year_n not_o less_o because_o the_o rush_n filth_n and_o earth_n will_v not_o be_v rot_v nor_o well_o compound_v nor_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n change_v with_o few_o tilth_n nor_o the_o land_n well_o bring_v to_o a_o good_a height_n roundness_n and_o dryness_n in_o lesser_a time_n for_o if_o it_o be_v cold_a laud_n all_o that_o can_v possible_o be_v do_v will_v not_o lay_v it_o high_a and_o dry_a enough_o nor_o the_o mould_n wrought_v to_o her_o perfect_a tenderness_n and_o true_a mixture_n whereby_o it_o may_v yield_v more_o fruitfulness_n but_o if_o the_o land_n be_v very_o rich_a of_o nature_n and_o not_o well_o wrought_v nor_o the_o rush_n perfect_o destroy_v nor_o the_o land_n bring_v up_o to_o a_o convenient_a height_n and_o roundness_n than_o one_o year_n more_o may_v do_v well_o which_o year_n shall_v yield_v the_o best_a crop_n outof_o all_o question_n but_o will_v draw_v a_o little_a more_o from_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o land_n land_n than_o any_o of_o the_o other_o year_n do_v and_o if_o the_o land_n be_v in_o strength_n it_o may_v very_o little_a prejudice_n it_o and_o therefore_o this_o i_o leave_v to_o every_o man_n pleasure_n upon_o this_o consideration_n and_o can_v wish_v that_o all_o man_n will_v so_o plough_v as_o main_o intend_v the_o advance_n and_o betterment_n of_o their_o land_n especial_o pasture_n land_n and_o no_o otherwise_o for_o you_o be_v as_o good_a lose_v some_o of_o your_o inheritance_n as_o you_o do_v in_o my_o opinion_n or_o as_o good_a lose_v the_o land_n which_o be_v but_o the_o carcase_n as_o the_o strength_n and_o virtue_n which_o be_v the_o heart_n and_o life_n of_o it_o for_o therein_o be_v the_o common_a advantage_n when_o the_o earth_n yield_v most_o increase_n or_o fruit_n and_o a_o little_a parcel_n yield_v abundance_n of_o fruit_n five_o and_o last_o i_o advise_v to_o lay_v down_o all_o land_n of_o this_o nature_n upon_o wheat_n it_o mesâ—en_n or_o rye_n stubble_n which_o will_v exceed_o thicken_v and_o improve_v the_o soard_n and_o if_o my_o principle_n fail_v not_o will_v raise_v as_o good_a a_o soar_v in_o the_o first_o year_n as_o after_o any_o summer_n corn_n whatsoever_o will_v in_o two_o and_o must_v do_v well_o for_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o it_o have_v one_o half_a year_n more_o to_o soar_v in_o then_o after_o the_o lenton_n tylth_n and_o so_o be_v somewhat_o soard_v before_o oat_n barley_n or_o pease_n be_v sow_v second_o because_o winter_v corn_n grow_v thin_a long_a and_o a_o strong_a straw_n and_o give_v more_o liberty_n to_o the_o grass_n to_o grow_v and_o spread_v the_o thick_a and_o the_o soar_v will_n also_o be_v very_o rich_a and_o fruitful_a i_o likewise_o advise_v to_o sow_v this_o land_n as_o early_o â—as_v possible_o you_o can_v even_o as_o soon_o as_o your_o other_o crop_n be_v end_v the_o soon_o the_o better_a unless_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o country_n very_o much_o oppose_v it_o how_o
and_o first_o inquire_v and_o search_v about_o the_o country_n for_o set-gatherers_a such_o as_o will_v bring_v they_o every_o two_o day_n fresh_a for_o the_o fresh_a gather_n &_o sudden_a set_n of_o they_o in_o their_o place_n be_v of_o more_o advantage_n to_o the_o furtherance_n of_o the_o growth_n than_o thou_o imagine_v second_o prepare_v such_o servant_n here_o as_o will_v not_o deceive_v thou_o plant_v and_o avoid_v the_o get_n of_o eat_v bite_a rough_a and_o brushy_a all_o be_v unproveable_a set_v receive_v they_o not_o but_o give_v they_o such_o wage_n as_o they_o may_v afford_v to_o get_v such_o as_o be_v fruitful_a and_o provable_a and_o if_o possible_a get_v they_o from_o off_o as_o hard_a land_n as_o thou_o plant_a they_o upon_o however_o be_v sure_a they_o be_v thrive_a smooth_a root_v or_o smooth_v bark_v set_v of_o what_o sort_n soever_o they_o be_v &_o as_o straight_o as_o possible_o thou_o can_v procure_v three_o for_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o wood_n quick_a in_o rise_v and_o grow_v wood_n general_o be_v your_o soft_a wood_n as_o poplar_n willow_n asp_n sicamore_n maples_n witchazell_n etc._n etc._n your_o ash_n be_v a_o gallant_a thrive_a wood_n also_o and_o indeed_o for_o quickness_n and_o profit_n too_o it_o be_v the_o best_a in_o my_o opinion_n some_o good_a oak_n set_v will_v do_v very_o well_o and_o elm_n also_o towards_o your_o outside_n but_o if_o thou_o resolve_v to_o be_v a_o planter_n to_o purpose_n than_o thou_o must_v be_v a_o sour_a of_o all_o seed_n of_o the_o several_a wood_n aforesaid_a or_o setter_n of_o many_o sciens_fw-la and_o a_o breeder_n up_o of_o nursery_n continual_o for_o indeed_o be_v plant_v more_o in_o fashion_n set_v will_v prove_v very_o scarce_o which_o now_o for_o present_a be_v plentiful_a enough_o and_o in_o most_o part_n of_o the_o nation_n may_v be_v have_v for_o two_o shilling_n or_o two_o shilling_n six_o penny_n a_o thousand_o some_o more_o some_o less_o according_a to_o the_o goodness_n and_o bigness_n of_o they_o and_o dearness_n of_o the_o country_n for_o workmen_n wage_n &_o indeed_o the_o lesser_a the_o set_v the_o more_o certain_a of_o grow_v but_o the_o big_a they_o be_v best_a the_o fat_a and_o soon_o they_o rise_v to_o their_o growth_n only_o some_o of_o they_o may_v fail_v four_o have_v prepare_v thy_o set_v then_o set_v to_o plant_v of_o they_o which_o i_o advise_v after_o this_o manner_n all_o thy_o border_n make_v or_o but_o cast_v out_o thy_o set_v must_v be_v all_o plant_v in_o the_o same_o way_n as_o thou_o will_v plant_v set_v or_o as_o usual_o man_n do_v plant_v a_o thorn_n hedge_n first_o cast_v up_o by_o a_o line_n a_o little_a ditch_n about_o two_o foot_n and_o half_a or_o three_o foot_n broad_a just_a so_o deep_a and_o but_o a_o little_a deep_o than_o thou_o can_v take_v up_o good_a mould_n and_o so_o as_o all_o labourer_n begin_v their_o turn_a turfdo_n thou_o and_o then_o lie_v up_o a_o little_a mould_n in_o and_o there_o lie_v thy_o first_o row_n of_o set_v some_o say_v three_o set_v in_o each_o foot_n but_o i_o conceive_v if_o thy_o set_v be_v good_a two_o may_v do_v very_o well_o then_o cover_v they_o second_o raise_v another_o border_n about_o nine_o inch_n above_o that_o thy_o mould_n or_o bank_n lay_v well_o ashore_o or_o slope_v and_o there_o plant_v another_o row_n and_o cover_v they_o well_o also_o as_o man_n do_v their_o second_o row_n of_o quicksets_a therd_o also_o cast_v up_o another_o dike_n against_o that_o like_o a_o double_a dike_n so_o as_o both_o may_v meet_v together_o upon_o the_o top_n and_o lie_v close_o together_o and_o then_o plant_v two_o row_v more_o of_o quick_a as_o be_v direct_v on_o the_o other_o side_n and_o if_o thou_o have_v any_o quantity_n of_o space_n betwixt_o thy_o two_o upper_a row_v of_o quick_a thou_o may_v plant_v one_o row_n upon_o the_o top_n or_o two_o if_o thou_o see_v cause_n if_o thou_o have_v room_n to_o spare_v and_o so_o thou_o must_v go_v on_o throughout_o thy_o whole_a plantation_n a_o dike_n and_o a_o land_n or_o bank_n and_o again_o another_o dike_n and_o a_o land_n and_o so_o throughout_o and_o be_v sure_a however_o thou_o do_v to_o plant_v all_o thy_o set_v in_o the_o over-most_a best_a mould_n or_o earth_n that_o thy_o set_v may_n neither_o root_n in_o stiffe-binding_a clay_n nor_o hungry_a sand_n and_o fear_v not_o leave_v no_o land_n undig_v or_o unwrought_a nor_o plant_v none_o in_o green-soard_a by_o no_o mean_n it_o be_v a_o simple_a piece_n i_o confess_v to_o make_v good_a the_o issue_n promise_v but_o when_o thou_o have_v prove_v the_o truth_n of_o it_o than_o thou_o shall_v be_v better_a able_a to_o judge_v of_o it_o many_o objection_n will_v be_v raise_v against_o it_o but_o let_v not_o the_o simplicity_n thereof_o offend_v thou_o for_o i_o shall_v assure_v thou_o i_o will_v give_v thou_o such_o a_o precedent_n before_o i_o have_v do_v and_o leave_v the_o thing_n so_o clear_a that_o there_o shall_v not_o be_v leave_v the_o least_o cause_n of_o suspicion_n chap._n xxv_o answer_v several_a objection_n against_o this_o projection_n and_o give_v a_o precedent_n for_o make_v good_a the_o same_o that_o you_o will_v lay_v your_o land_n so_o dry_a and_o deprive_v your_o set_v of_o all_o moisture_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v grow_v at_o all_o object_n especial_o in_o dry_a sandy_a or_o gravelly_a land_n much_o less_o to_o grow_v to_o such_o a_o increase_n as_o be_v promise_v have_v two_o branch_n first_o all_o set_v and_o plant_n for_o the_o most_o part_n require_v soundness_n 1._o and_o warmness_n and_o be_v many_o of_o our_o spring_n wood_n more_o dry_a and_o warm_a they_o will_v prosper_v much_o the_o better_a although_o much_o dry_a haskey_n sandy_a hungry_a land_n do_v not_o many_o time_n afford_v a_o thick_a coppice_n or_o good_a spring_n which_o be_v especial_o occasion_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o barrenness_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o ill_a husbandr_a of_o the_o spring_n after_o fall_v not_o preserve_v of_o it_o from_o cattle_n bruise_v of_o it_o as_o will_v appear_v more_o full_o before_o this_o discourse_n be_v end_v but_o second_o experience_n show_v the_o same_o that_o upon_o a_o sandy_a gravel_n land_n 2._o all_o the_o aforesaid_a wood_n prosper_v exceed_o in_o the_o way_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a plant_v in_o so_o much_o that_o shall_v i_o tell_v you_o the_o experience_n thereof_o you_o will_v a_o little_a wonder_n at_o it_o a_o new_a erection_n plant_v twelve_o year_n sithence_o 2._o at_o the_o eleven_o year_n end_n a_o fall_n be_v make_v &_o so_o much_o wood_n cut_v upon_o the_o same_o as_o be_v worth_a or_o sell_v for_o sixty_o pound_n a_o acre_n or_o more_o it_o be_v much_o pole-wood_n yea_o a_o good_a part_n of_o it_o make_v spars_n growth_n and_o some_o part_n of_o it_o small_a building_n timber_n that_o a_o gentleman_n of_o that_o county_n build_v himself_o part_n of_o a_o very_a good_a barn_n the_o whole_a roof_n of_o it_o with_o that_o timber_n and_o this_o year_n be_v another_o sale_n of_o eleven_o year_n growth_n of_o as_o good_a a_o value_n the_o land_n it_o be_v plant_v on_o be_v worth_a about_o ten_o shilling_n per_fw-la acre_n and_o every_o acre_n cost_v somewhat_o under_o seven_o pound_n a_o acre_n all_o digging_z quicksets_a and_o all_o charge_n in_o the_o plant_v of_o it_o plenting_a and_o the_o second_o crop_n they_o make_v account_n will_v be_v as_o good_a at_o eight_o year_n growth_n and_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v possible_a it_o may_v if_o not_o better_o this_o precedent_n be_v at_o bill_v at_o the_o earl_n of_o thomunds_n in_o northamptonshire_n manage_v by_o a_o most_o ingenuous_a gentleman_n call_v mr._n cartwright_n this_o way_n of_o plant_v will_v certain_o be_v so_o thick_a object_n that_o they_o can_v prosper_v one_o by_o another_o or_o else_o it_o be_v impossible_a the_o earth_n shall_v yield_v fruit_n heart_n or_o sap_n to_o so_o thick_a a_o plantation_n your_o spring-wood_n in_o some_o part_n of_o they_o grow_v as_o thick_o 1._o especial_o where_o your_o old_a root_n grow_v so_o thick_a as_o you_o can_v scarce_o set_v one_o foot_n betwixt_o they_o and_o every_o root_n may_v send_v forth_o twenty_o or_o forty_o spineye_n and_o yet_o all_o nourish_v from_o the_o earth_n &_o these_o stool_n they_o grow_v upon_o also_o second_o i_o answer_v that_o experience_n have_v also_o make_v it_o good_a as_o aforesaid_a 2._o for_o other_o planter_n in_o these_o part_n plant_v a_o foot_n or_o more_o asunder_o and_o yet_o come_v not_o near_o this_o nor_o be_v neither_o half_n so_o much_o in_o quantity_n nor_o yet_o the_o other_o thin_a plantation_n although_o little_a or_o never_o the_o whit_n the_o big_a or_o tall_a than_o this_o which_o be_v so_o thick_o plant_v nor_o never_o worth_a
he_o speak_v of_o use_v the_o great_a claver_fw-la thus_o also_o i_o be_o somewhat_o jealous_a he_o be_v mistake_v herein_o because_o the_o thick_a it_o grow_v and_o the_o close_o with_o one_o continue_a thickness_n the_o better_a either_o to_o mow_v or_o graze_v the_o experiment_a i_o leave_v to_o thou_o there_o be_v also_o the_o la-lucern_a lucern_v another_o french_a grass_n which_o be_v excellent_a fodder_n and_o be_v rather_o prefer_v before_o the_o st._n foin_n and_o it_o be_v as_o advantageous_a to_o dry_v and_o barren_a land_n and_o have_v be_v late_o discover_v there_o and_o be_v now_o of_o great_a credit_n among_o they_o but_o for_o my_o own_o particular_a experience_n i_o can_v say_v little_a and_o therefore_o say_v thus_o much_o only_o to_o provoke_v the_o ingenious_a both_o unto_o the_o search_n experiment_v and_o communicate_v to_o public_a view_n not_o one_o man_n be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o experiment_a all_o discovery_n that_o may_v be_v make_v here_o and_o elsewhere_o i_o be_o confident_a every_o age_n nay_o every_o day_n will_v bring_v forth_o something_o or_o other_o worth_a our_o embracement_n the_o second_o general_n piece_n of_o improvement_n contain_v the_o discourse_n of_o facilitate_v the_o charge_n and_o burden_n of_o the_o blow_n and_o a_o demonstration_n of_o the_o figure_n thereof_o chap._n xxviii_o discover_v the_o several_a abuse_n of_o the_o plough_n before_o i_o proceed_v in_o this_o discourse_n i_o will_v lay_v down_o these_o two_o or_o three_o maxim_n or_o conclusion_n first_o that_o whatever_o move_v upon_o the_o land_n or_o that_o work_v in_o the_o land_n and_o carry_v the_o least_o earth_n or_o weight_n with_o it_o must_v needs_o move_v or_o work_v easy_a a_o wheel_n the_o lesser_a ground_n it_o stand_v upon_o the_o easy_a it_o turn_v and_o the_o lesser_a the_o wheel_n the_o easy_a still_o so_o the_o plough_n the_o more_o earth_n or_o weight_n it_o carry_v with_o it_o the_o more_o strength_n must_v be_v require_v the_o natural_a furrow_n it_o must_v carry_v but_o the_o lesser_a compass_n both_o in_o height_n and_o length_n it_o bear_v upon_o the_o plough_n the_o easy_a the_o plough_n must_v go_v second_o the_o more_o natural_o any_o thing_n move_v the_o more_o easy_o and_o the_o more_o artificial_o the_o more_o difficult_o three_o the_o sharp_a or_o thin_a be_v any_o tool_n the_o easy_a it_o pierce_v and_o the_o less_o strength_n be_v require_v so_o contrary_a the_o thick_a or_o dull_a any_o tool_n be_v the_o more_o strength_n must_v work_v it_o and_o four_o that_o which_o be_v the_o plain_a and_o true_a to_o the_o rule_n and_o admit_v of_o least_o multiplication_n of_o work_n must_v needs_o be_v easy_a all_o my_o endeavour_n shall_v only_o be_v the_o application_n of_o all_o these_o to_o the_o plough_n and_o that_o as_o natural_o as_o i_o can_v by_o truth_n of_o workmanship_n to_o discover_v the_o plough_n and_o plough-iron_n to_o the_o most_o exactness_n which_o will_v be_v all_o the_o ease_n that_o i_o can_v give_v it_o or_o any_o man_n yet_o ever_o do_v or_o can_v if_o any_o other_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o discover_v by_o engine_n or_o otherwise_o to_o supply_v the_o strength_n of_o horse_n and_o man_n to_o draw_v the_o plough_n i_o know_v a_o easy_a plough_n will_v go_v more_o easy_a and_o shall_v therein_o rejoice_v and_o because_o i_o find_v so_o many_o different_a name_n give_v to_o the_o member_n of_o the_o plough_n according_a to_o the_o country_n phrase_n &_o few_o of_o one_o country_n understand_v another_o country_n term_n i_o shall_v confine_v myself_o to_o one_o name_n to_o each_o member_n all_o along_o my_o discourse_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o reader_n as_o for_o the_o plough-sheath_n wrest_v beam_n share_n and_o coulter_n they_o retain_v these_o name_n clear_o in_o most_o part_n and_o so_o i_o shall_v continue_v they_o but_o for_o plough-handles_a some_o call_v they_o stilt_n and_o some_o hale_n and_o some_o staff_n i_o shall_v confine_v myself_o to_o the_o name_n of_o handle_n for_o the_o plough-head_n some_o call_v they_o the_o plough-throck_a some_o the_o plough-chip_n etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v retain_v the_o term_n of_o plough-head_n and_o the_o shield-board_n some_o call_v breast-board_n or_o earth-board_n or_o furrow-board_n i_o shall_v retain_v the_o shield_n board_n and_o for_o the_o coumb_n or_o whing_z of_o the_o share_n which_o be_v that_o which_o go_v upward_o upon_o the_o shield-board_n i_o shall_v term_v the_o coumb_n and_o for_o the_o tush_o or_o phin_n of_o the_o share_n which_o be_v that_o that_o cut_v out_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o furrow_n as_o the_o fish_n do_v divide_v the_o water_n i_o shall_v call_v it_o the_o phin_n of_o the_o share_n &_o so_o i_o shall_v avoid_v multiplication_n of_o term_n and_o a_o littl_n shorten_v and_o clear_v my_o discourse_n and_o so_o proceed_v as_o for_o the_o give_v a_o addition_n of_o ease_n unto_o a_o ordinary_a way_n of_o plough_v and_o the_o take_v away_o of_o some_o of_o the_o strength_n which_o be_v so_o great_a a_o burden_n to_o the_o husbandman_n be_v of_o very_o vast_a concernment_n and_o will_v take_v up_o a_o very_a large_a discourse_n the_o effect_n whereof_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v under_o these_o follow_a head_n 1_o to_o discover_v the_o several_a abuse_n or_o hindrance_n to_o the_o welll-going_a of_o the_o plough_n with_o some_o remedy_n thereto_o 2_o to_o give_v you_o the_o description_n with_o the_o figure_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o plogh_n now_o in_o use_n 3_o to_o demonstrate_v wherein_o the_o chief_a ease_n of_o the_o plough_n consist_v with_o the_o easy_a grow_a plough_n and_o the_o advantage_n gain_v thereby_o 4_o to_o discover_v to_o what_o sort_n of_o land_n and_o season_n of_o plough_v each_o plough_n be_v most_o suitable_a with_o a_o double_a plough_n yet_o unknown_a and_o a_o plough_n that_o shall_v both_o plough_v and_o harrow_n at_o once_o the_o abuse_n or_o hindrance_n to_o be_v remove_v be_v many_o wherein_o i_o shall_v speak_v to_o particular_a abuse_n only_o and_o first_o i_o shall_v speak_v to_o particular_a abuse_n only_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o plough_n easy_a go_v in_o the_o blacksmith_n true_a or_o he_o that_o make_v the_o iron_n for_o the_o plough_a i_o not_o be_v of_o the_o opinion_n as_o many_o be_v that_o the_o iron_n shall_v be_v make_v to_o the_o plough_n but_o that_o the_o plough_n be_v make_v to_o the_o iron_n i_o therefore_o shall_v be_v bold_a to_o say_v that_o if_o plough_v iron_n be_v not_o make_v exceed_o true_a in_o all_o point_n according_a to_o the_o land_n you_o have_v to_o plough_v and_o wrought_v fair_a and_o smooth_a a_o plough-wright_n or_o plough_n maker_n shall_v not_o nor_o can_v work_v true_a to_o a_o false_a foundation_n and_o if_o it_o be_v not_o wrought_v true_a it_o shall_v hardly_o go_v true_a unless_o after_o much_o wear_n be_v wrought_v into_o work_n it_o may_v plough_v reasonable_a well_o at_o last_o and_o by_o that_o time_n the_o plough_n may_v be_v wear_v out_o but_o never_o with_o that_o ease_n nor_o continuance_n as_o it_o will_v by_o truth_n of_o workmanship_n another_o abuse_n in_o he_o be_v the_o not_o steel_v his_o plough-iron_n well_o and_o make_v they_o exceed_v sharp_a and_o well_o point_v the_o second_o abuse_n be_v in_o the_o plough-maker_n who_o work_v according_a to_o certain_a coarse_a rule_v he_o have_v learn_v by_o trade_n know_v not_o how_o to_o hold_v a_o plough_n himself_o nor_o to_o apply_v himself_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n according_a to_o the_o alteration_n of_o it_o nor_o scarce_o be_v able_a to_o discern_v the_o falsity_n of_o the_o smith_n workmanship_n and_o be_v not_o able_a to_o apply_v himself_o to_o all_o sort_n of_o land_n or_o those_o several_a sort_n of_o tilth_n the_o husbandman_n give_v he_o shall_v never_o make_v a_o plough_n to_o go_v with_o ease_n by_o his_o rule_n unless_o he_o chap_v upon_o it_o by_o chance_n the_o three_o abuse_n may_v be_v in_o the_o plough-holder_n and_o if_o he_o have_v not_o ability_n to_o order_v his_o plough_n to_o fix_v and_o alter_v his_o iron_n and_o his_o plough_n too_o according_a to_o the_o several_a nature_n of_o land_n he_o plow_v and_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o plough_v and_o keep_v his_o iron_n in_o a_o true_a and_o keen_a posture_n sometime_o he_o be_v to_o cast_v down_o his_o land_n sometime_o to_o raise_v up_o and_o sometime_o to_o plough_v up_o hill_n and_o down_o sometime_o even_o level_v ground_n in_o all_o which_o if_o he_o have_v not_o some_o good_a experience_n though_o both_o smith_n and_o plough_n write_v do_v their_o part_n yet_o because_o the_o plough-holder_n can_v be_v make_v aswell_o as_o the_o plough_n many_o good_a plough_n be_v utter_o spoil_v in_o the_o usage_n or_o abusage_n may_v be_v in_o the_o land_n when_o the_o land_n as_o
it_o can_v sting_v or_o draw_v into_o the_o ground_n &_o so_o be_v draw_v at_o the_o end_n of_o that_o false_a beam_n either_o with_o horse_n or_o ox_n with_o cock_n or_o clevies_n as_o you_o have_v occasion_n or_o do_v desire_n but_o because_o this_o plough_n can_v be_v full_o discover_v by_o the_o most_o familiar_a discourse_n but_o will_v require_v the_o figure_n also_o i_o will_v here_o give_v you_o it_o as_o near_o to_o the_o life_n as_o possible_n that_o which_o be_v the_o standard_n fasten_v in_o the_o low_a beam_n and_o run_v through_o the_o over_o to_z gage_z the_o plough_n be_v make_v near_o two_o foot_n high_a and_o in_o the_o over_o end_n be_v make_v two_o hole_n to_o put_v the_o horse-raine_n throng_v to_o come_v from_o the_o horse_n head_n to_o the_o very_a plough_n handle_v to_o guide_v he_o to_o and_o fro_o and_o under_o they_o divers_a remove_v hole_n and_o one_o or_o two_o in_o the_o beam_n equal_a to_o those_o in_o the_o standard_n and_o a_o iron_n pin_v put_v through_o they_o both_o this_o plough_n neat_o make_v and_o very_o small_a have_v be_v draw_v with_o one_o horse_n and_o hold_v by_o one_o man_n and_o plough_v one_o acre_n a_o day_n at_o sow_v time_n in_o a_o moist_a season_n and_o as_o colonel_n blunt_n have_v relate_v to_o i_o he_o have_v with_o six_o good_a horse_n six_o man_n and_o six_o plough_n plough_v six_o acre_n a_o day_n at_o sow_v rhyme_n in_o light_n well_o wrought_v land_n the_o figure_n expect_v with_o his_o fellow_n chap._n xxx_o shall_v discover_v some_o general_a fault_n that_o may_v be_v incident_a to_o all_o sort_n of_o plough_n and_o give_v you_o the_o description_n of_o the_o dutch_a and_o norfolk_n plough_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v in_o this_o place_n though_o not_o so_o methodical_o as_o i_o shall_v to_o discover_v the_o usual_a fault_n of_o many_o plough_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o most_o plough_n in_o england_n be_v taint_v with_o some_o of_o they_o 1_o when_o they_o be_v make_v too_o big_a both_o of_o wood_n and_o iron_n that_o be_v big_a than_o the_o work_n require_v they_o be_v the_o heavy_a to_o be_v draw_v carry_v the_o more_o weight_n with_o they_o and_o require_v the_o more_o strength_n to_o draw_v they_o a_o husbandman_n must_v have_v his_o several_a plough_n if_o he_o will_v carry_v on_o his_o work_n comfortable_o 2_o fault_n may_v be_v in_o the_o roughness_n and_o ill_a compassendness_n of_o the_o share_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o when_o a_o plough_n be_v make_v too_o thick_a in_o the_o very_a breast_n of_o this_o fault_n be_v many_o plough_n in_o some_o part_n and_o though_o it_o help_v well_o in_o the_o sudden_a cast_v of_o the_o furrow_n and_o will_v carry_v a_o great_a furrow_n with_o it_o yet_o it_o go_v very_o sore_o of_o this_o fault_n be_v the_o plough_n in_o holland_n in_o lincolnshire_n which_o otherwise_o have_v a_o gallant_a cast_v of_o the_o shield_n board_n as_o i_o ever_o see_v which_o i_o have_v before_o at_o large_a describe_v 3_o be_v the_o shortness_n of_o the_o handle_n by_o which_o a_o man_n can_v command_v his_o plough_n with_o that_o ease_n and_o truth_n as_o he_o may_v do_v if_o his_o handle_n have_v length_n and_o compass_n a_o short_a upwright_n handle_v exceed_o dislike_v a_o man_n have_v very_o little_a power_n to_o command_v the_o same_o &_o when_o the_o plough_n be_v not_o true_o hold_v it_o never_o go_v easy_a 4_o the_o straitness_n of_o the_o breast-board_n neither_o make_v nor_o draw_v compass_n and_o croswind_n for_o the_o cast_n of_o the_o furrow_n a_o very_a great_a fault_n to_o the_o plough_n ease_n 5_o the_o placing_z the_o wrest_v even_o with_o the_o breast-board_n and_o as_o long_o as_o it_o or_o near_o as_o long_o nay_o i_o have_v in_o some_o part_n see_v it_o long_o it_o be_v as_o great_a a_o hindrance_n to_o the_o easy_a and_o true_a go_v of_o the_o plough_n as_o any_o i_o know_v and_o yet_o by_o very_a few_o discern_v or_o reprove_v i_o say_v &_o have_v i_o time_n i_o will_v give_v reason_n enough_o to_o clear_v it_o that_o a_o good_a broad_a wrest_v and_o five_o six_o or_o seven_o inch_n short_a than_o the_o shield-board_n be_v best_a which_o be_v at_o the_o further_a end_n set_v even_o or_o a_o little_a under_o the_o breast-board_n and_o at_o the_o nether_a end_n where_o it_o be_v pin_v either_o to_o land_n handle_n or_o otherwise_o it_o be_v set_v two_o inch_n narrow_a and_o under_o the_o shield-board_n be_v both_o easy_a to_o the_o holder_n and_o to_o the_o cattle_n and_o a_o main_a advantage_n to_o the_o turn_n and_o strike_v of_o the_o furrow_n and_o especial_o the_o plough_n be_v make_v no_o broad_a behind_o than_o a_o just_a furrow_n breadth_n 6_o and_o last_o the_o dulness_n of_o iron_n and_o either_o not_o clout_v at_o all_o or_o else_o uneven_a rough_a clout_v and_o plate_v your_o plough_n be_v a_o considerable_a hindrance_n both_o to_o the_o ease_n and_o last_a of_o â—ste_a plough_n and_o these_o or_o any_o of_o they_o all_o be_v general_n and_o will_v hold_v let_v they_o be_v upon_o what_o plough_n they_o will_v or_o upon_o what_o land_n they_o will_v or_o in_o what_o season_v soever_o and_o be_v greathindrance_n of_o the_o good_a of_o plough_n and_o plough_v and_o therefore_o what_o fashion_a plough_n soever_o you_o make_v take_v heed_n of_o these_o rock_n and_o for_o what_o season_v soever_o you_o make_v they_o avoid_v they_o all_o and_o then_o if_o thou_o will_v follow_v thy_o own_o country_n fashion_n do_v and_o god_n bless_v thou_o with_o it_o i_o say_v not_o that_o these_o be_v all_o the_o fault_n for_o there_o be_v many_o more_o particular_o treat_v of_o also_o aforegoing_a but_o these_o be_v such_o as_o may_v be_v prevent_v in_o any_o common_a sort_n of_o plough_n whatever_o &_o most_o of_o they_o in_o all_o sort_n &_o will_v put_v such_o a_o advantage_n to_o the_o plough_n ease_n as_o with_o observe_v the_o forego_n direction_n also_o will_v be_v woth_n thy_o imitation_n in_o norfolk_n and_o suffolk_n be_v very_o good_a plough_n in_o many_o part_n 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very_o earthy_a mouldy_a land_n a_o light_n mix_v chisse_o land_n and_o abundance_n of_o errable_a land_n in_o very_o good_a tilth_n where_o man_n usual_o go_v to_o plough_v with_o four_o horse_n or_o four_o ox_n &_o a_o horse_n and_o seldom_o less_o but_o many_o time_n more_o which_o may_v as_o well_o if_o not_o better_o be_v do_v with_o two_o unless_o at_o seed_n time_n now_o and_o then_o two_o ox_n and_o a_o horse_n or_o three_o horse_n and_o two_o man_n which_o be_v a_o wonderful_a charge_n to_o the_o poor_a husbandman_n the_o extremity_n of_o which_o charge_n be_v it_o but_o remove_v will_v be_v sufficient_a of_o itself_o to_o make_v he_o thrive_v and_o prosper_v i_o shall_v conclude_v this_o discourse_n with_o a_o relation_n i_o have_v from_o a_o norfolk_n gentleman_n of_o very_a good_a worth_n and_o credit_n in_o that_o country_n upon_o the_o marshland_n border_v upon_o the_o sea-coast_n a_o gentleman_n set_v a_o hundred_o acre_n to_o a_o man_n to_o plough_v he_o covenant_v with_o he_o to_o find_v he_o horse_n and_o plough_n &_o iron_n and_o meat_n for_o the_o horse_n and_o he_o be_v to_o find_v only_o all_o man_n labour_n and_o he_o allow_v he_o eight_o horse_n for_o the_o work_n and_o for_o the_o man_n labour_n that_o he_o be_v only_o to_o find_v to_o plough_v this_o land_n the_o man_n covenant_v to_o plough_v this_o marshland_n which_o be_v a_o mix_a earth_n &_o we_o have_v many_o thousand_o acre_n as_o easy_a plough_v in_o england_n almost_o in_o all_o have_v for_o 5d._o a_o acre_n &_o perform_v it_o he_o plough_v his_o 8_o acre_n a_o day_n he_o find_v but_o 3_o man_n to_o the_o work_n he_o go_v to_o plough_v
the_o water_n or_o upon_o the_o land_n it_o that_o i_o shall_v not_o determine_v peremptory_o but_o thus_o much_o i_o say_v that_o both_o may_v do_v well_o and_o he_o that_o get_v store_n will_v find_v use_n of_o both_o because_o of_o the_o one_o you_o make_v use_v as_o soon_o as_o your_o flax_n be_v pull_v and_o then_o you_o need_v not_o stand_v so_o curious_o upon_o the_o dry_n of_o it_o but_o after_o you_o have_v get_v your_o seed_n you_o may_v water_v it_o and_o the_o water_v of_o it_o opens_z and_o break_v the_o harle_z the_o best_a but_o than_o you_o must_v be_v careful_a of_o lay_v up_o your_o seed_n that_o it_o heat_n not_o nor_o mould_n and_o that_o which_o you_o water_v then_o may_v be_v a_o winter_n work_n for_o your_o people_n until_o the_o spring_n come_v on_o and_o then_o get_v it_o forth_o upon_o your_o grass_n land_n and_o spread_v it_o thin_a and_o turn_v it_o to_o preserve_v it_o from_o mildew_a and_o keep_v it_o so_o until_o you_o find_v the_o harle_z be_v ready_a and_o willing_a to_o part_v from_o the_o core_n and_o then_o dry_v it_o up_o and_o get_v it_o in_o for_o use_v as_o for_o the_o dry_n of_o it_o a_o kilne_v make_v on_o purpose_n be_v best_a so_o that_o you_o be_v careful_a of_o scorch_v of_o it_o this_o will_v make_v great_a riddance_n of_o the_o same_o and_o to_o they_o that_o have_v great_a store_n sunne-drying_a will_v never_o do_v the_o feat_n though_o it_o may_v do_v well_o for_o a_o small_a quantity_n or_o the_o flax_n of_o a_o private_a family_n as_o to_o the_o work_n of_o it_o you_o must_v provide_v your_o brake_n and_o tewrawe_n both_o the_o one_o and_o that_o be_v the_o brake_n which_o bruise_n and_o toughen_n the_o harl_n and_o the_o tewtaw_fw-mi that_o cut_v and_o divide_v out_o the_o core_n if_o you_o use_v the_o tewtaw_fw-mi first_o it_o may_v cut_v your_o well_o dry_a flax_n to_o piece_n yet_o both_o do_v best_a yet_o the_o brake_n first_o these_o thing_n be_v common_a and_o know_v to_o many_o in_o most_o country_n but_o not_o to_o all_o and_o least_o to_o those_o that_o have_v land_n most_o capable_a thereof_o it_o will_v cost_v the_o workmanship_n of_o it_o market_n betwixt_o three_o and_o four_o pound_n a_o acre_n to_o bring_v it_o up_o to_o sale_n it_o lie_v much_o upon_o the_o workman_n hand_n and_o therefore_o far_o more_o to_o be_v advance_v by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o it_o raise_v employment_n for_o many_o people_n to_o live_v thereby_o where_o wage_n be_v great_a it_o come_v off_o the_o hard_a yet_o where_o it_o be_v carry_v on_o to_o purpose_n people_n flock_v hard_o that_o want_n work_n and_o because_o of_o constancy_n will_v work_v at_o easy_a term_n else_o how_o can_v they_o possible_o do_v good_a of_o it_o at_o london_n or_o near_o about_o it_o where_o they_o work_v at_o double_a rate_n but_o there_o have_v i_o see_v the_o best_a flax_n i_o ever_o see_v 4._o last_o the_o benefit_n that_o may_v be_v make_v hereby_o a_o acre_n of_o good_a flax_n may_v be_v worth_a upon_o the_o ground_n if_o it_o be_v the_o first_o east-country_n seed_n seven_o or_o eight_o yea_o possible_o ten_o or_o twelve_o pound_n yea_o far_o more_o the_o charge_n whereof_o beside_o the_o seed_n until_o it_o be_v ripe_a may_v not_o be_v above_o ten_o shilling_n a_o acre_n which_o if_o you_o work_v up_o to_o be_v fit_a to_o sell_v in_o the_o market_n it_o may_v come_v up_o to_o fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o or_o near_o twenty_o pound_n in_o the_o market_n but_o to_o bring_v it_o so_o high_a as_o thirty_o pound_n as_o in_o flanders_n i_o dare_v not_o say_v but_o a_o acre_n of_o our_o country_n seed_n will_v hardly_o come_v up_o to_o above_o three_o pound_n or_o four_o pound_n a_o acre_n unless_o very_o good_a indeed_o to_o which_o if_o it_o amount_v unto_o and_o no_o more_o upon_o the_o land_n it_o will_v make_v a_o good_a advancement_n of_o the_o land_n which_o may_v be_v land_n and_o seed_n and_o all_o charge_n may_v come_v to_o about_o fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o shilling_n a_o acre_n the_o seed_n be_v not_o worth_a above_o two_o shilling_n a_o strike_v i_o shall_v say_v thus_o much_o more_o that_o i_o very_o believe_v we_o be_v not_o come_v up_o to_o that_o perfection_n we_o may_v attain_v unto_o in_o this_o mystery_n because_o i_o have_v hear_v of_o some_o gentlewoman_n that_o have_v out_o of_o their_o own_o flax_n and_o hemp_n draw_v out_o a_o thread_n exceed_v pure_a as_o pure_a and_o fine_a again_o as_o our_o ordinary_a trader_n therein_o do_v and_o have_v make_v as_o much_o more_o cloth_n of_o a_o pound_n of_o both_o and_o that_o both_o strong_a and_o more_o serviceable_a than_o the_o strong_a and_o best_a outlandish_a holland_n perfection_n and_o i_o be_o confident_a if_o this_o mystery_n do_v but_o receive_v encouragement_n from_o authority_n and_o it_o make_v more_o tend_v to_o public_a good_a the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o poor_a in_o work_n and_o sequester_v the_o trade_n so_o far_o to_o our_o own_o proper_a native_n as_o may_v be_v a_o sufficient_a magazine_n of_o work_n for_o they_o i_o be_o sure_a we_o have_v land_n suitable_a enough_o to_o bear_v it_o and_o to_o afford_v sufficient_a profit_n and_o will_v be_v a_o considerable_a advance_v unto_o the_o land_n throughout_o the_o nation_n and_o so_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v supply_v in_o some_o measure_n more_o of_o our_o deficiency_n that_o real_o be_v and_o be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o our_o english_a husbandry_n the_o six_o and_o last_o piece_n of_o improvement_n be_v for_o the_o discover_v what_o great_a advance_n may_v be_v make_v upon_o our_o land_n by_o a_o plantation_n of_o some_o orchard-fruite_n and_o some_o garden-commodity_n chap._n xliii_o treat_v how_o our_o land_n may_v be_v advance_v by_o plant_v they_o with_o orchard-fruite_n and_o for_o make_v good_a the_o improvement_n promise_v i_o shall_v show_v these_o two_o or_o three_o thing_n 1._o that_o abundance_n of_o land_n be_v plant_v in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o nation_n and_o thus_o improve_v 2._o that_o there_o be_v land_n and_o very_o much_o in_o all_o other_o part_n that_o may_v be_v improve_v 3_o the_o fruit_n especial_o by_o which_o they_o come_v to_o such_o a_o improvement_n 1._o that_o there_o be_v such_o land_n alreadey_a improve_v improvement_n none_o dare_v deny_v to_o that_o height_n as_o be_v affirm_v many_o will_v question_v i_o therefore_o do_v in_o brief_a affirm_v for_o my_o precedent_n that_o worcestershire_n part_n of_o glocestershire_n and_o part_n of_o herefordshire_n will_v speak_v out_o this_o truth_n some_o man_n have_v their_o plantation_n both_o of_o apple_n pear_n and_o cherry_n and_o so_o order_v that_o they_o hinder_v no_o more_o the_o growth_n of_o grass_n than_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o tree_n that_o grow_v upon_o it_o nay_o some_o question_n whether_o with_o their_o shadinesse_n in_o summer_n and_o warmness_n in_o winter_n they_o better_o not_o the_o land_n far_o more_o and_o their_o very_a grow_v upon_o it_o do_v not_o enrich_v it_o they_o have_v usual_o the_o early_a grass_n and_o many_o time_n the_o great_a swath_n and_o burden_n and_o will_v keep_v more_o cattle_n too_o and_o certain_o where_o they_o be_v former_o plant_v and_o grow_v not_o too_o thick_a i_o can_v see_v reason_n to_o the_o contrary_a as_o for_o the_o land_n i_o know_v very_o much_o if_o not_o most_o of_o it_o be_v worth_a not_o above_o ten_o shilling_n some_o less_o or_o thirteen_o shilling_n four_o penny_n a_o acre_n at_o the_o first_o now_o the_o grass_n of_o most_o of_o they_o thus_o regular_o plant_v and_o draw_v as_o they_o grow_v in_o bigness_n that_o so_o they_o may_v never_o grow_v to_o touch_v one_o another_o by_o a_o good_a space_n when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o best_a age_n for_o when_o they_o come_v to_o decay_v plant_v new_a one_o in_o their_o room_n and_o down_o with_o they_o to_o the_o very_o growd_v i_o say_v the_o grass_n of_o such_o orchard_n or_o pasture_n be_v worth_a thirty_o shilling_n some_o forty_o shilling_n some_o fifty_o shilling_n and_o some_o more_o and_o the_o fruit_n that_o grow_v upon_o the_o tree_n plant_v therein_o may_v yield_v some_o three_o pound_n some_o five_o pound_n yea_o some_o will_v come_v up_o to_o seven_o or_o eight_o pound_n a_o acre_n but_o come_v you_o up_o to_o kent_n essex_n surry_n middlesex_n and_o part_n of_o suffolk_n where_o natural_o the_o land_n be_v worse_a than_o in_o those_o part_n by_o far_o i_o dare_v affirm_v there_o be_v many_o orchard_n plant_v there_o upon_o land_n that_o be_v not_o natural_o and_o real_o worth_a above_o six_o shilling_n improve_v or_o eight_o shilling_n a_o acre_n when_o they_o begin_v the_o work_n and_o that_o some_o thousand_o of_o acre_n too_o and_o with_o some_o good_a soil_n and_o
need_v be_v nay_o in_o some_o place_n twice_o or_o thrice_o as_o much_o beside_o these_o angles_n triangle_n and_o almost_o square_n and_o circle_n much_o endanger_v cattle_n by_o gore_v rush_v and_o thrust_v they_o in_o and_o also_o make_v such_o stoppage_n and_o opposition_n to_o the_o water_n that_o hinder_v the_o current_n of_o it_o and_o occasion_v it_o to_o lie_v soak_v on_o the_o land_n that_o it_o either_o breed_v rush_n flag_n or_o mareblab_v also_o the_o aforesaid_a direction_n be_v a_o great_a mean_n of_o lay_v sound_v much_o land_n overcome_v by_o bogginess_n the_o water_n lie_v so_o upon_o it_o that_o it_o drown_v or_o stifle_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o fruitfulness_n of_o it_o yea_o suffocate_v and_o choke_v other_o also_o border_v upon_o it_o no_o small_a prejudice_n to_o the_o nation_n in_o general_a and_o to_o many_o town-ship_n and_o person_n in_o particular_a a_o straight_a watercourse_n cut_v a_o considerable_a depth_n in_o a_o thousand_o part_n of_o this_o nation_n will_v be_v more_o advantageous_a than_o we_o be_v aware_a of_o or_o i_o will_v taste_v myself_o here_o to_o dispute_v further_o and_o though_o many_o person_n be_v interest_v therein_o and_o some_o will_v agree_v &_o other_o will_v oppose_v one_o creek_n lie_v on_o one_o side_n of_o the_o river_n in_o onâ—_n lord_n manor_n &_o another_o lie_v on_o the_o other_o side_n &_o divers_a man_n own_o the_o same_o why_o may_v not_o one_o neighbour_n change_v with_o another_o when_o both_o be_v gainer_n advantage_n if_o not_o why_o may_v they_o not_o be_v compel_v for_o their_o own_o good_a and_o the_o commonwealth_n advantage_n i_o dare_v say_v thousand_o of_o acre_n of_o very_a rich_a land_n may_v hereby_o be_v gain_v and_o possible_o as_o many_o more_o much_o amend_v that_o be_v almost_o destroy_v but_o a_o law_n be_v want_v herein_o for_o present_a which_o i_o hope_v will_v be_v supply_v if_o it_o may_v appear_v advancement_n to_o the_o public_a for_o to_o private_a interest_n it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o be_v the_o least_o prejudice_n when_o every_o man_n have_v benefit_n and_o each_o man_n may_v also_o have_v a_o equal_a allowance_n if_o the_o least_o prejudice_v but_o a_o word_n or_o two_o more_o and_o 〈◊〉_d shall_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n and_o it_o be_v a_o little_a to_o further_o this_o improvement_n through_o a_o great_a destruction_n as_o some_o may_v say_v it_o be_v the_o remove_n or_o destroy_v of_o all_o such_o mill_n and_o none_o else_o as_o drowâ—_n and_o corrupt_v more_o land_n than_o themselves_o be_v worth_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o they_o be_v such_o as_o be_v keep_v up_o worth_a or_o dam_v so_o high_a as_o that_o they_o boggifie_v all_o the_o land_n that_o lie_v under_o their_o mill-head_n such_o mill_n as_o be_v of_o little_a worth_n or_o be_v by_o constant_a great_a charge_n maintain_v i_o advise_v to_o be_v pull_v down_o the_o advance_v of_o the_o land_n when_o the_o water_n be_v let_v run_v his_o course_n and_o not_o impound_v will_v be_v of_o far_o great_a value_n many_o time_n but_o in_o case_n the_o mill_n shall_v be_v so_o necessary_a and_o profitable_a too_o and_o far_o more_o than_o the_o land_n they_o spoil_v i_o shall_v then_o advise_v that_o under_o thy_o mill-dam_n so_o many_o yard_n wide_a from_o it_o as_o may_v prevent_v break_v through_o be_v thou_o make_v a_o very_a deep_a trench_n all_o along_o so_o far_o as_o thy_o land_n be_v putrify_v and_o thereinto_o receive_v all_o the_o issue_a spew_a water_n and_o thereby_o stop_v or_o cut_v off_o the_o feed_n of_o it_o upon_o thy_o meadow_n and_o carry_v it_o away_o into_o thy_o back-water_n or_o false_a course_n by_z as_o deep_a a_o trench_n cut_v through_o the_o most_o low_a and_o convenient_a part_n of_o thy_o mead_n but_o put_v case_n thou_o shall_v have_v no_o convenient_a fall_n on_o that_o side_n thy_o mildam_n than_o thou_o must_v make_v some_o course_n or_o plant_v some_o trough_n under_o thy_o mill-dam_n and_o so_o carry_v it_o under_o into_o some_o low_a course_n that_o may_v preserve_v it_o from_o soak_v thy_o meadow_n or_o pasture_n under_o it_o and_o by_o this_o mean_v thou_o may_v in_o a_o good_a measure_n reduce_v thy_o land_n to_o good_a soundness_n and_o probable_o whole_o cure_v it_o and_o preserve_v thy_o mill_n also_o as_o for_o that_o objection_n of_o hinder_v the_o grind_n of_o corn_n it_o be_v very_o frivolous_a for_o first_o there_o be_v in_o many_o part_n so_o many_o mill_n as_o hinder_v one_o another_o and_o be_v scarce_o able_a to_o live_v one_o by_o another_o 2._o there_o be_v or_o may_v be_v windmill_n erect_v in_o most_o part_n that_o may_v supply_v that_o want_n and_o be_v less_o chargeable_a than_o water-mill_n and_o for_o that_o some_o say_v the_o wind_n be_v uncertain_a i_o say_v it_o be_v so_o certain_a that_o i_o be_o confident_a few_o or_o none_o need_v want_v grind_v if_o they_o can_v get_v corn_n for_o i_o myself_o live_v in_o a_o country_n where_o be_v no_o other_o but_o wind-mill_n and_o have_v scarce_o in_o a_o twelvemonth_n know_v any_o want_n of_o grind_v but_o shall_v it_o be_v so_o one_o may_v be_v supply_v by_o horse-mill_n one_o good_a horse_n will_v grind_v wheat_n easy_o and_o two_o good_a horse_n will_v grind_v any_o good_a dry_a corn_n and_o be_v not_o at_o that_o charge_n for_o repair_n as_o both_o windmill_n and_o water-mill_n be_v 3._o i_o say_v it_o be_v possible_a to_o devise_v a_o mill_n with_o truth_n of_o workmanship_n and_o some_o other_o advantage_n that_o two_o man_n may_v grind_v any_o good_a corn_n whatsoever_o and_o that_o as_o much_o in_o a_o hour_n as_o any_o usual_a water-mill_n in_o the_o country_n and_o to_o this_o work_n i_o shall_v commend_v one_o mr._n dimock_n a_o very_a ingenious_a gentleman_n and_o one_o who_o have_v discover_v so_o much_o to_o the_o world_n already_o as_o may_v give_v sufficient_a testimony_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o ability_n in_o this_o kind_n chap._n ix_o the_o nine_o chapter_n shall_v be_v a_o brief_a and_o plain_a discovery_n of_o the_o most_o feacible_a way_n of_o fen-drayning_a or_o regain_n drown_v land_n or_o in_o bound_v of_o the_o sea_n from_o it_o as_o to_o the_o drayn_n or_o lay_v dry_a the_o fen_n those_o profitable_a work_n the_o commonwealth_n glory_n let_v not_o cur_n snarl_v nor_o dog_n bark_v there_o at_o the_o unparalleled_a advantage_n of_o the_o world_n give_v i_o leave_v because_o hitherto_o all_o man_n have_v monopolise_v their_o invention_n as_o they_o call_v they_o as_o possible_o they_o may_v lawful_o unto_o themselves_o and_o the_o mystery_n and_o no_o man_n experience_n therein_o have_v at_o all_o be_v publish_v to_o public_a view_n which_o whether_o it_o do_v arise_v from_o a_o privacy_n of_o spirit_n self_n advancement_n or_o rather_o from_o a_o ungrateful_a frame_n of_o man_n governor_n trust_v with_o the_o public_a weal_n of_o a_o nation_n or_o great_a man_n well_o able_a to_o recompense_v public_a discovery_n who_o share_n will_v be_v great_a of_o the_o advantage_n which_o last_o through_o charity_n i_o be_o bind_v and_o from_o sad_a experience_n many_o ingenious_a heart_n have_v find_v i_o do_v believe_v but_o no_o man_n as_o i_o ever_o yet_o see_v or_o hear_v have_v publish_v any_o thing_n at_o all_o to_o any_o such_o purpose_n as_o to_o dismystery_n the_o same_o therefore_o by_o the_o good_a leave_n of_o thy_o patience_n i_o shall_v take_v boldness_n to_o pull_v off_o the_o vizor_n of_o those_o apprehension_n i_o have_v find_v therein_o and_o discover_v the_o open_a face_n of_o that_o experience_n i_o have_v make_v be_v it_o beautiful_a or_o deform_a in_o pity_n to_o move_v other_o to_o cover_v the_o deformity_n thereof_o or_o put_v more_o beauty_n thereon_o in_o the_o discourse_n whereof_o i_o shall_v candid_o endeavour_v to_o draw_v it_o into_o as_o plain_a a_o map_n or_o platform_n as_o the_o roughness_n and_o confusedness_n of_o the_o work_n or_o my_o weakness_n will_v admit_v and_o to_o that_o end_n shall_v confine_v myself_o to_o these_o pareiculars_n 1._o what_o drayn_v be_v and_o a_o discovery_n of_o fen-land_n how_o they_o lie_v to_o those_o that_o know_v they_o not_o 2._o to_o discover_v some_o of_o the_o rub_n or_o hindrance_n that_o lie_v in_o the_o way_n of_o work_v it_o to_o the_o commonwealth_n ad-advantage_n 3._o to_o hold_v out_o the_o cure_n or_o best_a and_o speedy_a way_n for_o the_o reducement_n or_o recovery_n thereof_o to_o perfect_a foundness_n 4._o to_o discover_v the_o best_a and_o most_o profitable_a way_n of_o improvement_n of_o those_o recover_a land_n to_o the_o best_a advantage_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o all_o which_o i_o shall_v say_v but_o little_a nor_o can_v say_v half_a that_o be_v to_o be_v say_v herein_o but_o to_o each_o shall_v speak_v somewhat_o as_o near_o
to_o truth_n as_o may_v be_v and_o leave_v the_o compleatment_n to_o succeeder_n 1._o what_o fen-drayning_a or_o the_o recover_n of_o land_n from_o under_o water_n be_v that_o deserve_v the_o name_n or_o merit_v the_o title_n of_o perfect_a drayn_n i_o say_v it_o be_v not_o only_o the_o overly_o take_v away_o the_o water_n from_o off_o the_o surface_n or_o over_o part_n of_o the_o turf_n or_o sword_n not_o for_o than_o may_v all_o bog_n or_o quagmire_n be_v recover_v and_o easy_o will_v nor_o the_o take_n off_o the_o downfall_n as_o our_o fen_n man_n call_v they_o that_o be_v the_o water_n fall_v from_o the_o heaven_n in_o great_a rain_n and_o shower_n nor_o be_v it_o the_o take_v off_o all_o land-falls_a land-flood_n or_o great_a water_n from_o off_o those_o land_n no_o nor_o the_o do_n of_o all_o these_o in_o a_o customary_a and_o usual_a way_n that_o do_v or_o will_v deserve_v to_o be_v call_v a_o perfect_a drayn_n but_o it_o be_v as_o i_o former_o say_v about_o recover_a boggy-land_n a_o go_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o corruption_n indeed_o and_o take_v away_o the_o venom_n that_o feed_v the_o fen_n or_o moor_n that_o wateriness_n and_o coldness_n which_o gnaw_v out_o the_o spirit_n at_o the_o root_n and_o the_o take_v away_o this_o be_v perfect_a drayn_n for_o although_o i_o say_v the_o other_o drayning_n be_v not_o the_o best_a nor_o perfect_a yet_o i_o neither_o discommend_v the_o other_o nor_o discourage_v from_o they_o where_o they_o be_v make_v already_o or_o may_v be_v make_v he_o reafter_o but_o high_o commend_v they_o or_o any_o of_o they_o where_o otherwise_o there_o will_v be_v none_o or_o the_o land_n lie_v whole_o drown_v yet_o be_v in_o all_o art_n trade_n and_o calling_n we_o ought_v to_o study_v cut_v the_o mystery_n thereof_o and_o all_o man_n do_v or_o aught_o to_o entdeavour_v to_o raise_v the_o rich_a fruit_n and_o draw_v forth_o the_o greaest_a plenty_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n they_o can_v out_o of_o the_o whole_a earth_n so_o out_o of_o this_o small_a parcel_n we_o never_o accomplish_v the_o end_n until_o we_o have_v bring_v it_o to_o its_o best_a perfection_n that_o be_v not_o only_o to_o recover_v it_o from_o drown_v to_o bear_v sedge_n or_o reedy_a flaggy_a grass_n which_o be_v the_o first_o fruit_n of_o draining_n and_o from_o which_o the_o rude_a ignorant_a fen-man_n desire_v no_o appeal_n nor_o be_v it_o to_o recover_v it_o to_o bear_v morish_a foul_a strong_a grass_n in_o summer_n and_o drown_v in_o winter_n nor_o yet_o to_o lie_v dry_a both_o winter_n and_o summer_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o wet_a and_o boggy_a at_o the_o spade_n or_o ploughshare_n point_n drayn_v nay_o though_o it_o will_v through_o a_o dry_a season_n or_o heat_n of_o summer_n bear_v the_o plough_n and_o much_o of_o it_o may_v be_v convert_v to_o tillage_n or_o corning_n but_o still_o unsound_a in_o the_o bottom_n all_o this_o make_v not_o though_o a_o good_a yet_o not_o perfect_a work_n but_o the_o perfection_n be_v in_o the_o reduce_n it_o to_o soundness_n and_o perfectness_n of_o mould_n and_o earth_n whether_o sand_n day_n gravel_n or_o mix_v then_o return_v it_o to_o a_o perfect_a soar_v and_o pure_a turf_n bring_v forth_o the_o small_a common_a thistle_n clover_n crowflower_n and_o hony-sukle_a then_o shall_v you_o reap_v the_o quintessence_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o breed_v feed_v or_o corning_n these_o land_n thus_o perfect_o drayn_v will_v return_v to_o be_v the_o rich_a of_o all_o your_o land_n and_o the_o better_o drayn_v the_o better_a land_n where_o be_v your_o rich_a land_n of_o england_n but_o your_o river_n land_n your_o marsh_n land_n that_o all_o of_o they_o lie_v under_o the_o level_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v it_o not_o inbounded_a by_o the_o bank_n and_o the_o power_n of_o god_n word_n will_v all_o return_n to_o the_o sea_n again_o but_o through_o their_o perfect_a drayn_n be_v most_o excellent_a sound_n and_o warm_a land_n yea_o some_o of_o they_o so_o good_a that_o usual_o the_o winter_n profit_n of_o their_o graze_a equallize_v the_o summer_n as_o witness_v much_o of_o the_o marshland_n near_o london_n blackwall_n etc._n etc._n with_o many_o other_o part_n whence_o be_v the_o richness_n of_o your_o english_a holland_n land_n but_o from_o the_o pure_a and_o perfect_a drayn_n and_o the_o outlandish_a holland_n land_n recover_v to_o this_o great_a height_n of_o richness_n i_o know_v all_o land_n be_v not_o so_o feasible_a as_o other_o be_v nor_o some_o can_v possible_o be_v bring_v to_o that_o perfection_n as_o other_o may_v i_o shall_v provoke_v unto_o the_o best_a improvement_n and_o where_o there_o can_v be_v a_o male-improvement_n offer_v not_o to_o the_o commonwealth_n a_o female_a and_o so_o you_o have_v as_o plain_a a_o description_n what_o drayning_n be_v as_o i_o can_v give_v you_o i_o be_o of_o a_o strong_a opinion_n that_o there_o be_v very_o much_o fen-land_n may_v be_v recover_v to_o as_o great_a a_o worth_n and_o goodness_n in_o itself_o as_o any_o meadow_n marshland_n in_o england_n which_o lead_v i_o to_o the_o second_o branch_n of_o this_o particular_a to_o describe_v the_o manner_n and_o lie_v of_o the_o fen_n to_o the_o which_o i_o be_o induce_v too_o for_o these_o reason_n 1._o because_o many_o know_v they_o not_o at_o all_o 2._o because_o many_o be_v discourage_v from_o the_o thought_n of_o attempt_v the_o improvement_n of_o they_o that_o be_v very_o able_a thereunto_o &_o i_o be_o confident_a will_v have_v recover_v they_o yet_o partly_o because_o of_o their_o ignorance_n of_o the_o lie_v of_o they_o conceive_v they_o to_o be_v some_o great_a lake_n pan_n or_o mere_a as_o be_v some_o in_o lancashire_n cheshire_n or_o yorkshire_n that_o lie_v so_o low_a that_o have_v no_o fall_n or_o outlet_a can_v be_v make_v to_o drain_v out_o the_o water_n of_o they_o and_o partly_o through_o the_o scandal_n and_o offence_n that_o be_v take_v and_o give_v out_o by_o rude_a customary_a and_o most_o a_o end_n unrightfull_a commoner_n against_o the_o drayn_n of_o they_o as_o also_o conceive_v they_o to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o some_o great_a bog_n or_o quagmire_n lie_v so_o flat_a as_o be_v not_o draynable_a 3._o because_o myself_o be_v once_o before_o i_o know_v they_o in_o some_o measure_n thus_o deceive_v but_o especial_o because_o the_o report_n of_o the_o country_n people_n be_v as_o one_o man_n that_o the_o undertaker_n drayn_v have_v no_o whit_n at_o all_o advantage_v they_o but_o that_o their_o fen_n law_n and_o commission_n of_o sewer_n and_o the_o work_v they_o make_v through_o that_o authority_n and_o by_o the_o direction_n and_o mean_n they_o use_v have_v bring_v the_o fen_n into_o as_o good_a a_o posture_n as_o all_o he_o undertaker_n work_n the_o which_o myself_o be_v hardly_o draw_v to_o believe_v endeavour_v hereby_o to_o suggest_v the_o impossibility_n of_o ever_o accomplish_v a_o perfect_a drayn_n so_o that_o many_o not_o know_v that_o the_o fall_n be_v considerable_a in_o itself_o and_o very_o great_a into_o the_o sea_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o ebb_a of_o the_o water_n will_v thereby_o give_v opportunity_n unto_o a_o most_o complete_a drayn_n of_o they_o and_o last_o that_o by_o this_o information_n i_o may_v quicken_v all_o ingenuous_a spirit_n to_o the_o help_a on_o the_o work_n so_o advantageous_a to_o the_o common_a good_a and_o yet_o so_o feasible_a i_o therefore_o describe_v the_o fen_n of_o england_n to_o lie_v in_o some_o proportionable_a manner_n to_o those_o great_a river_n and_o gallant_a meadow_n adjoin_v to_o they_o in_o many_o eveâ—_n and_o less_o descend_v country_n only_o with_o these_o two_o observation_n 1._o that_o these_o fen_n be_v near_o the_o sea_n the_o centre_n of_o the_o water_n and_o so_o we_o must_v conceive_v the_o fall_n or_o descent_n to_o be_v the_o lesser_a for_o as_o our_o lesser_a brook_n run_v quick_a than_o our_o great_a stream_n and_o the_o big_a the_o stream_n and_o near_o the_o sea_n any_o great_a river_n run_v the_o slow_a by_o far_a the_o water_n descend_v and_o flatter_v the_o land_n lie_v so_o the_o fen_n be_v a_o far_o vast_a and_o great_a compass_n lie_v more_o flatter_v and_o the_o river_n run_v the_o slow_a 2._o because_o these_o fen-land_n be_v far_o great_a and_o many_o time_n more_o broad_a than_o our_o great_a meadow_n therefore_o be_v cover_v with_o water_n and_o lie_v more_o level_n will_v not_o drain_n so_o fast_o and_o so_o can_v not_o hold_v comparison_n in_o each_o particular_a yet_o a_o more_o suitable_a model_n to_o describe_v they_o by_o to_o those_o that_o know_v they_o not_o i_o can_v frame_v so_o that_o the_o fen-land_n so_o call_v be_v as_o i_o may_v say_v great_a meadow_n cover_v over_o with_o water_n in_o the_o time_n of_o a_o great_a land-flood_n