ever_o suffer_v the_o egyptian_a priest_n to_o reveal_v such_o a_o secret_a to_o that_o conquer_a people_n dioclesian_n according_a to_o they_o burn_v all_o the_o chemical_a book_n that_o he_o can_v find_v in_o egypt_n that_o the_o egyptian_n may_v not_o rebel_v when_o they_o be_v deprive_v of_o that_o fund_z which_o support_v their_o war_n and_o borrichius_n suppose_v that_o the_o egyptian_a priest_n use_v this_o art_n chief_o to_o supply_v the_o expense_n of_o their_o king_n 2._o how_o come_v jason_n and_o the_o argonaut_n not_o to_o grow_v rich_a by_o this_o fleece_n it_o can_v be_v pretend_v that_o it_o be_v conceal_v from_o they_o because_o it_o be_v like_o the_o book_n of_o the_o modern_a adepti_fw-la write_v in_o so_o obscure_a a_o style_n that_o it_o be_v unintelligible_a for_o want_v of_o a_o master_n since_o medea_n be_v with_o jason_n who_o have_v the_o secret_a what_o or_o how_o great_a soever_o it_o be_v 3._o since_o the_o grecian_n be_v not_o tie_v to_o secrecy_n how_o come_v their_o tradition_n to_o be_v so_o obscure_a that_o those_o passage_n in_o apollonius_n rhodius_n argonautick_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v mean_v of_o the_o grand_a elixir_n be_v never_o apply_v to_o a_o chemical_a sense_n till_o the_o write_n of_o synesius_n zosimus_n and_o the_o other_o old_a grecian_a chemist_n appear_v especial_o since_o 4._o apollonius_n rhodius_n himself_o be_v a_o alexandrian_n greek_n bear_v in_o egypt_n and_o so_o can_v easy_o acquaint_v himself_o with_o the_o tradition_n of_o that_o country_n which_o he_o original_o of_o another_o nation_n be_v under_o no_o obligation_n to_o conceal_v 2._o the_o chemist_n at_o least_o borrichius_n for_o they_o own_o democritus_n book_n to_o be_v genuine_a upon_o the_o credit_n of_o zosimus_n who_o quote_v they_o if_o they_o be_v this_o pretend_a secrecy_n fall_v to_o the_o ground_n for_o democritus_n affirm_v that_o he_o learn_v his_o art_n from_o ostanes_n a_o mede_n who_o be_v send_v by_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n into_o egypt_n as_o governor_n of_o the_o egyptian_a priest_n then_o the_o secret_n be_v divulge_v to_o some_o of_o the_o conqueror_n of_o their_o country_n if_o so_o why_o no_o more_o tradition_n of_o it_o if_o not_o the_o process_n itself_o yet_o at_o least_o the_o memory_n that_o once_o there_o be_v such_o a_o process_n which_o will_v have_v be_v enough_o for_o this_o purpose_n the_o same_o question_n may_v be_v ask_v of_o democritus_n to_o who_o ostanes_n reveal_v it_o this_o will_v weaken_v zosimus_n credit_n as_o a_o antiquary_n upon_o who_o assertion_n most_o of_o this_o pretend_a antiquity_n be_v found_v since_o at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o he_o object_n the_o secrecy_n of_o the_o ancient_a egyptian_a priest_n as_o a_o reason_n why_o the_o memory_n of_o this_o art_n be_v so_o little_o know_v he_o own_v himself_o oblige_v to_o a_o greek_a who_o have_v it_o from_o the_o egyptian_n at_o second_o hand_n but_o how_o will_v these_o pretender_n to_o remote_a antiquity_n who_o tell_v we_o that_o moses_n by_o his_o skill_n in_o chemistry_n ground_n the_o golden_a calf_n to_o powder_n reconcile_v a_o passage_n in_o theophrastus_n to_o their_o pretension_n he_o speak_v of_o quicksilver_n lapidibus_fw-la say_v that_o the_o art_n of_o extract_v it_o from_o cinnabar_fw-la be_v not_o know_v till_o 90_o year_n before_o his_o time_n when_o it_o be_v first_o find_v out_o by_o callias_n a_o athenian_a can_v we_o think_v that_o the_o egyptian_n can_v hinder_v these_o inquisitive_a grecian_n who_o stay_v so_o long_o in_o their_o country_n from_o know_v that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o metal_n as_o mercury_n or_o can_v these_o egyptian_n make_v gold_n without_o it_o if_o they_o can_v they_o may_v reasonable_o suppose_v that_o the_o israelite_n can_v make_v brick_n without_o straw_n since_o they_o can_v make_v gold_n and_o silver_n without_o that_o which_o modern_a adepti_fw-la affirm_v to_o be_v the_o seed_n of_o all_o metal_n theophrastus_n word_n be_v too_o general_a to_o admit_v of_o a_o objection_n as_o if_o he_o believe_v that_o callias_n invention_n ought_v to_o be_v limit_v to_o his_o own_o country_n this_o join_v to_o the_o great_a silence_n of_o the_o ancient_n especial_o herodotus_n and_o diodorus_n siculus_n who_o dwell_v so_o long_o upon_o the_o egyptian_a art_n and_o learning_n concern_v most_o of_o the_o wonderful_a phaenomena_n of_o that_o extravagant_a metal_n plain_o show_v that_o there_o be_v no_o tradition_n of_o such_o mighty_a thing_n to_o be_v do_v by_o it_o as_o the_o alchemist_n book_n be_v full_a of_o borrichius_n therefore_o recurr_v to_o his_o old_a subterfuge_n egyptian_a secrecy_n and_o find_v some_o doubtful_a at_o least_o if_o not_o fabulous_a story_n of_o daedalus_n and_o icarus_n and_o the_o poetical_a age_n which_o he_o oppose_v to_o the_o positive_a testimony_n of_o theophrastus_n perhaps_o this_o may_v be_v think_v to_o be_v beg_v the_o question_n since_o some_o who_o have_v write_v of_o the_o philosopher_n stone_n have_v teach_v that_o their_o mercury_n have_v no_o affinity_n with_o common_a mercury_n which_o have_v lead_v many_o person_n to_o try_v several_a extravagant_a process_n to_o find_v it_o out_o but_o eirenaeus_n philalethes_n who_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o one_o of_o the_o clear_a writer_n that_o have_v ever_o write_v upon_o this_o subject_a say_v express_o that_o 18._o natural_a mercury_n philosophical_o prepare_v be_v the_o philosophical_a menstruum_fw-la and_o the_o dissolvent_a mercury_n after_o so_o long_a a_o enquiry_n into_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o art_n of_o transmute_v metal_n it_o will_v be_v ask_v perhaps_o what_o may_v be_v think_v of_o the_o art_n itself_o i_o must_v needs_o say_v i_o can_v tell_v what_o judgement_n to_o make_v of_o it_o the_o pretence_n to_o inspiration_n and_o that_o enthusiastic_a cant_n which_o run_v through_o the_o write_n of_o almost_o all_o the_o alchemist_n seem_v so_o like_a imposture_n that_o one_o will_v be_v tempt_v to_o think_v that_o it_o be_v only_o a_o design_n carry_v on_o from_o age_n to_o age_n to_o delude_v mankind_n and_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o imagine_v why_o god_n shall_v hear_v the_o prayer_n of_o those_o that_o desire_v to_o be_v rich_a if_o as_o they_o pretend_v it_o be_v zeal_n for_o the_o good_a of_o mankind_n that_o make_v they_o take_v such_o pain_n to_o find_v out_o such_o noble_a medicine_n as_o shall_v free_v man_n from_o the_o most_o obstinate_a disease_n to_o which_o our_o nature_n be_v subject_a why_o do_v they_o not_o communicate_v they_o and_o leave_v the_o process_n in_o write_v plain_o to_o posterity_n if_o they_o be_v afraid_a of_o danger_n for_o themselves_o concern_v for_o the_o welfare_n of_o mankind_n and_o affect_a secrecy_n seem_v here_o inconsistent_a thing_n man_n of_o such_o mortify_a temper_n and_o public_a spirit_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v concern_v though_o gold_n or_o silver_n be_v make_v as_o common_a as_o lead_v or_o tin_n provide_v that_o the_o elixir_n which_o shall_v remove_v all_o disease_n be_v once_o know_v though_o these_o be_v reasonable_a prejudices_fw-la against_o the_o belief_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o operation_n yet_o one_o can_v hardly_o tell_v how_o to_o contradict_v a_o tradition_n so_o general_a and_o so_o very_o well_o attest_v langelottum_n so_o many_o man_n methinks_v can_v not_o have_v cheat_v the_o world_n successful_o so_o long_o if_o some_o have_v not_o be_v sincere_a and_o to_o use_v a_o proverb_n in_o their_o own_o way_n so_o much_o smoke_n can_v scarce_o have_v last_v so_o long_o without_o some_o fire_n till_o the_o seminal_a principle_n from_o which_o metal_n be_v compound_v be_v perfect_o know_v the_o possibility_n of_o the_o operation_n can_v be_v disprove_v which_o principle_n as_o all_o other_o real_a essence_n of_o thing_n be_v conceal_v from_o we_o but_o as_o a_o wise_a man_n can_v perhaps_o without_o rashness_n disbelieve_v what_o be_v so_o confident_o assert_v so_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o spend_v much_o time_n and_o cost_n about_o try_v whether_o it_o will_v succeed_v till_o some_o of_o the_o adepti_fw-la shall_v be_v so_o kind_a as_o to_o give_v he_o the_o receipt_n by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o be_v evident_a what_o opinion_n one_o ought_v to_o have_v of_o the_o chemical_a skill_n of_o the_o ancient_a egyptian_n though_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a that_o the_o art_n owe_v its_o original_a to_o they_o from_o who_o it_o receive_v its_o name_n but_o this_o original_a be_v much_o too_o late_o to_o do_v sir_n william_n temple_n hypothesis_n any_o service_n but_o it_o be_v high_a time_n to_o leave_v the_o egyptian_a physic_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v only_o add_v one_o or_o two_o instance_n of_o their_o skill_n in_o anatomy_n and_o so_o pass_v on_o gellius_n 10._o and_o macrobius_n 13._o observe_v the_o one_o from_o appion_n who_o write_v of_o the_o egyptian_n the_o other_o from_o the_o egyptian_a priest_n
own_o assertion_n clear_o and_o distinct_o but_o to_o carry_v our_o speculation_n further_o than_o other_o man_n have_v carry_v they_o upon_o the_o same_o argument_n it_o have_v not_o only_o be_v much_o cultivate_v by_o modern_a philosopher_n but_o as_o far_o pursue_v as_o ever_o it_o be_v by_o the_o ancient_n for_o hereby_o have_v the_o late_a inquiry_n be_v make_v into_o physical_a metaphysical_a and_o mathematical_a matter_n the_o extent_n whereof_o be_v hereafter_o to_o be_v examine_v hereby_o the_o ancient_a mathematician_n make_v their_o discovery_n and_o when_o they_o have_v do_v they_o conceal_v their_o art_n for_o though_o we_o have_v many_o noble_a proposition_n of_o they_o yet_o we_o have_v few_o hint_n how_o they_o find_v they_o out_o since_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o foregoing_a book_n in_o euclid_n element_n be_v necessary_a to_o explain_v the_o subsequent_a but_o be_v of_o little_a or_o no_o use_n to_o help_v we_o to_o find_v out_o any_o proposition_n in_o the_o subsequent_a book_n which_o be_v not_o immediate_a corollary_n from_o what_o go_v before_o in_o case_n those_o book_n have_v be_v lose_v whether_o the_o modern_n have_v be_v deficient_a in_o this_o noble_a part_n of_o logic_n may_v be_v see_v by_o those_o who_o will_v compare_v des_n cartes_n discourse_n of_o method_n mr._n lock_n be_v essay_n of_o humane_a understanding_n and_o tschirnhaus_n medicina_fw-la mentis_fw-la with_o what_o we_o have_v of_o the_o ancient_n concern_v the_o art_n of_o think_v where_o though_o it_o may_v be_v pretend_v that_o their_o thought_n and_o discovery_n be_v not_o entire_o new_a in_o themselves_o yet_o to_o we_o at_o least_o they_o be_v so_o since_o they_o be_v not_o immediate_o owe_v to_o ancient_a assistance_n but_o to_o their_o own_o strength_n of_o thought_n and_o force_v of_o genius_n and_o since_o this_o art_n be_v indeed_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o knowledge_n i_o ought_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o my_o lord_n bacon_n and_o des_n cartes_n be_v the_o two_o great_a man_n who_o both_o find_a fault_n with_o the_o logic_n of_o the_o school_n as_o insufficient_a of_o itself_o for_o the_o great_a design_n of_o logic_n which_o be_v the_o advancement_n of_o real_a learning_n and_o get_v authority_n enough_o to_o persuade_v the_o world_n in_o a_o very_a great_a degree_n that_o other_o method_n must_v be_v take_v beside_o make_v syllogism_n and_o rank_v the_o sort_n of_o thing_n under_o predicament_n and_o predicable_n by_o those_o who_o will_v go_v much_o far_a than_o their_o predecessor_n go_v before_o they_o the_o true_a use_n of_o the_o common_a logic_n be_v rather_o to_o explain_v what_o we_o know_v already_o and_o to_o detect_v the_o fallacy_n of_o our_o adversary_n than_o to_o find_v that_o out_o of_o which_o we_o before_o be_v ignorant_a so_o that_o the_o modern_n have_v enlarge_v its_o bottom_n and_o by_o add_v that_o desideratum_fw-la which_o the_o ancient_n either_o do_v not_o perfect_o know_v or_o which_o be_v worse_o do_v invidious_o conceal_v namely_o the_o method_n of_o discover_v unknown_a truth_n as_o mounseur_fw-fr tschirnhaus_n call_v it_o have_v if_o not_o make_v it_o perfect_a yet_o put_v it_o into_o such_o a_o posture_n as_o that_o future_a industry_n may_v very_o happy_o complete_a it_o metaphysic_n be_v proper_o that_o science_n which_o teach_v we_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v out_o of_o the_o sphere_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n and_o be_v conversant_a about_o god_n and_o spirit_n and_o incorporeal_a substance_n of_o these_o thing_n plato_n and_o his_o disciple_n write_v a_o great_a deal_n they_o plain_o see_v that_o something_o beyond_o matter_n be_v requisite_a to_o create_v and_o preserve_v the_o august_n frame_n of_o the_o world_n if_o we_o abstract_a from_o revelation_n the_o cartesian_o discourse_v more_o intelligible_o concern_v they_o than_o any_o of_o the_o ancient_n so_o that_o though_o very_a many_o of_o their_o particular_a notion_n as_o also_o of_o f._n mallebranche_n m._n poyret_n and_o other_o modern_a metaphysician_n be_v just_o liable_a to_o exception_n yet_o the_o main_a foundation_n upon_o which_o they_o reason_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n real_a and_o so_o by_o consequence_n the_o superstructure_n be_v not_o entire_o fantastical_a and_o therefore_o they_o afford_v a_o vast_a number_n of_o hint_n to_o those_o who_o love_v to_o apply_v their_o thought_n that_o way_n which_o be_v useful_a to_o enlarge_v man_n understanding_n and_o to_o guide_v their_o manner_n this_o which_o be_v strict_o true_a of_o the_o modern_a metaphysic_n be_v as_o much_o as_o can_v be_v say_v of_o the_o ancient_n and_o because_o a_o comparison_n can_v be_v make_v without_o read_v their_o several_a write_n the_o sure_a way_n to_o try_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n will_v be_v to_o read_v plato_n and_o his_o commentator_n and_o along_o with_o they_o des_fw-mi cartes's_fw-fr meditation_n velthuysius_n de_fw-fr initiis_fw-la primae_fw-la philosophiae_fw-la mallebranche_n recherche_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr verité_fw-fr poyret_n cogitationes_fw-la de_fw-la deo_fw-la and_o mr._n lock_n be_v essay_n of_o humane_a understanding_n already_o mention_v this_o may_v be_v do_v without_o undervalue_v what_o the_o ancient_n write_v upon_o these_o noble_a subject_n and_o the_o question_n be_v not_o whether_o they_o be_v great_a man_n but_o whether_o the_o modern_n have_v say_v any_o thing_n upon_o these_o matter_n without_o copy_v out_o of_o other_o man_n write_n which_o unless_o we_o will_v do_v they_o wrong_n we_o be_v bind_v to_o say_v they_o have_v chap._n fourteen_o of_o ancient_n and_o modern_a geometry_n and_o arithmetic_n in_o the_o method_n which_o i_o set_v to_o myself_o in_o these_o reflection_n i_o choose_v to_o begin_v with_o a_o enquiry_n into_o those_o science_n who_o extent_n be_v more_o liable_a to_o be_v contest_v and_o so_o onward_o to_o those_o which_o may_v more_o easy_o be_v determine_v mounseur_fw-fr perrault_n who_o have_v not_o finish_v his_o parallel_n that_o i_o know_v of_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o if_o the_o prize_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o modern_n in_o eloquence_n in_o poesy_n in_o architecture_n in_o paint_v and_o in_o statuary_n the_o cause_n will_v be_v give_v up_o in_o every_o thing_n else_o and_o he_o as_o the_o declare_a advocate_n for_o the_o modern_n may_v go_v on_o triumphant_o with_o all_o the_o rest_n wherein_o possible_o he_o be_v not_o in_o the_o main_a much_o mistake_v how_o he_o manage_n the_o remain_a part_n of_o his_o parallel_n i_o know_v not_o i_o intend_v to_o begin_v with_o abstract_a mathematics_n both_o because_o all_o its_o proposition_n be_v of_o eternal_a truth_n and_o beside_o be_v the_o genuine_a foundation_n upon_o which_o all_o real_a physiology_n must_v be_v build_v the_o method_n which_o i_o shall_v follow_v be_v this_o 1._o i_o shall_v inquire_v into_o the_o state_n of_o ancient_n and_o modern_a mathematics_n without_o any_o particular_a application_n of_o the_o property_n of_o the_o several_a line_n and_o number_n surface_n and_o solid_n to_o physical_a thing_n 2_o i_o shall_v inquire_v what_o new_a instrument_n have_v be_v invent_v or_o old_a one_o improve_v by_o which_o the_o knowledge_n of_o nature_n of_o any_o sort_n have_v be_v or_o may_v be_v further_o enlarge_v 3._o i_o shall_v inquire_v whether_o any_o improvement_n have_v be_v actual_o make_v of_o natural_a history_n and_o of_o any_o physico-mathematical_a or_o physical_a science_n such_o as_o astronomy_n music_n optic_n medic_n and_o the_o like_a 4._o from_o all_o this_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o pass_v a_o judgement_n upon_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a way_n of_o philosophize_v concern_v nature_n in_o general_a and_o its_o principal_a phaenomena_n or_o appearance_n i_o begin_v with_o geometry_n and_o arithmetic_n because_o they_o be_v general_a instrument_n whereby_o we_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o many_o of_o the_o abstruse_a thing_n in_o nature_n since_o as_o plato_n say_v of_o old_a god_n always_o geometrize_v in_o all_o his_o work_n that_o this_o comparison_n may_v be_v the_o more_o exact_a i_o desire_v my_o learned_a and_o worthy_a friend_n mr._n john_n craige_n to_o give_v i_o his_o thought_n upon_o this_o matter_n his_o own_o learned_a write_n upon_o the_o most_o difficult_a part_n of_o geometry_n for_o such_o be_v the_o quadrature_n of_o curve_v line_n will_v be_v sufficient_a voucher_n for_o his_o skill_n in_o these_o thing_n i_o shall_v set_v down_o what_o he_o say_v in_o his_o own_o word_n if_o we_o take_v a_o short_a view_n of_o the_o geometry_n of_o the_o ancient_n it_o appear_v that_o they_o consider_v no_o line_n except_o straight_a line_n the_o circle_n and_o the_o conic_a section_n as_o for_o the_o spiral_n the_o quadratrix_n the_o conchoid_n the_o cissoid_a and_o a_o few_o other_o they_o make_v little_a or_o no_o account_n of_o they_o it_o be_v true_a they_o have_v give_v we_o many_o excellent_a and_o useful_a theorem_n concern_v the_o property_n
certain_o show_v that_o he_o do_v not_o understand_v the_o true_a texture_n of_o those_o part_n because_o where_o his_o anatomy_n do_v not_o fail_v he_o his_o ratiocination_n be_v general_o speak_v exact_a wherefore_o in_o this_o particular_a his_o mistake_v instruct_v we_o as_o effectual_o in_o the_o ancient_n ignorance_n as_o his_o true_a notion_n do_v in_o their_o knowledge_n this_o will_v appear_v at_o large_a hereafter_o where_o it_o will_v be_v of_o mighty_a use_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o ancient_n can_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v know_v many_o of_o the_o most_o eminent_a modern_a discovery_n since_o if_o they_o have_v know_v they_o they_o will_v not_o have_v assign_v such_o uses_n to_o those_o part_n as_o be_v not_o reconcilable_a to_o those_o discovery_n if_o galen_n have_v know_v that_o the_o pancreas_n have_v be_v a_o heap_n of_o small_a gland_n which_o all_o emit_v into_o one_o common_a canal_n a_o particular_a juice_n carry_v afterward_o through_o that_o canal_n into_o the_o gut_n which_o there_o meeting_n with_o the_o bile_n go_v forward_o and_o assist_v it_o in_o the_o make_n of_o the_o chyle_n he_o will_v never_o have_v say_v 2._o that_o nature_n make_v it_o for_o a_o pillow_n to_o support_v the_o vein_n which_o go_v out_o of_o the_o liver_n in_o that_o place_n where_o they_o divide_v into_o several_a branch_n lest_o if_o they_o have_v be_v without_o a_o rest_n they_o shall_v have_v be_v hurt_v by_o the_o violent_a eruption_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o this_o too_o without_o the_o assign_v any_o other_o use_v for_o it_o by_o anatomy_n there_o be_v seldom_o any_o thing_n understand_v but_o the_o art_n of_o lay_v open_o the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o body_n with_o a_o knife_n that_o so_o the_o relation_n which_o they_o several_o bear_v each_o to_o other_o may_v be_v clear_o discern_v this_o be_v general_o understand_v of_o the_o contain_v part_n skin_n flesh_n bones_o membrane_n vein_n artery_n muscle_n tendon_n ligament_n cartilage_n gland_n bowel_n wherein_o only_o the_o ancient_n busy_v themselves_o as_o for_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o particular_a texture_n of_o the_o contain_v part_n blood_n chyle_n urine_n bile_n serum_n fat_a juice_n of_o the_o pancreas_n spleen_n and_o nerve_n lympha_fw-la hospital_n marrow_n of_o the_o bone_n mucilage_n of_o the_o joint_n and_o the_o like_a they_o make_v very_o few_o experiment_n and_o those_o too_o for_o want_n of_o chemistry_n very_o imperfect_a the_o discovery_n therefore_o which_o have_v be_v make_v in_o that_o noble_a part_n which_o be_v numerous_a and_o considerable_a be_v in_o a_o manner_n whole_o owe_v to_o late_a age_n in_o the_o other_o a_o great_a deal_n be_v ancient_o do_v though_o a_o great_a deal_n more_o be_v leave_v for_o posterity_n to_o do_v i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o body_n in_o general_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o all_o the_o great_a division_n of_o the_o bone_n muscle_n vein_n and_o artery_n most_o of_o the_o visible_a cartilage_n tendon_n and_o ligament_n be_v very_o exact_o know_v in_o galen_n time_n the_o position_n of_o the_o muscle_n their_o several_a origination_n the_o insertion_n of_o their_o tendon_n and_o invest_v membrane_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n trace_v with_o great_a nicety_n and_o truth_n the_o more_o conspicuous_a pair_n of_o nerve_n which_o arise_v either_o from_o the_o brain_n or_o spinal_a marrow_n be_v very_o well_o know_v and_o careful_o follow_v most_o of_o the_o great_a branch_n of_o the_o vein_n and_o artery_n almost_o all_o the_o bone_n and_o cartilage_n with_o very_a many_o muscle_n have_v still_o old_a greek_a name_n impose_v upon_o they_o by_o the_o old_a anatomist_n or_o latin_a name_n translate_v from_o the_o greek_a one_o so_o that_o not_o only_o the_o easy_a thing_n and_o such_o as_o be_v discernible_a at_o first_o sight_n be_v thorough_o know_v but_o even_o several_a particular_n especial_o in_o the_o anatomy_n of_o nerve_n be_v discover_v which_o be_v not_o obvious_a without_o great_a care_n and_o a_o good_a deal_n of_o practical_a skill_n in_o diffect_v so_o much_o in_o general_a from_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o as_o far_o as_o anatomy_n be_v peculiar_o useful_a to_o a_o chirurgeon_n to_o inform_v he_o how_o the_o bone_n muscle_n blood-vessel_n cartilage_n tendon_n ligament_n and_o membrane_n lie_v in_o the_o limb_n and_o more_o conspicuous_a part_n of_o the_o body_n so_o far_o the_o ancient_n go_v and_o here_o there_o be_v very_o little_a that_o the_o modern_n have_v any_o right_a to_o pretend_v to_o as_o their_o own_o discovery_n though_o any_o man_n that_o understand_v these_o thing_n must_v own_v that_o these_o be_v the_o first_o thing_n which_o offer_v themselves_o to_o a_o anatomist_n view_n here_o i_o shall_v beg_v leave_n to_o descend_v to_o particular_n because_o i_o have_v not_o see_v any_o comparison_n make_v between_o ancient_n and_o modern_a anatomy_n wherein_o i_o can_v acquiesce_v whilst_o some_o as_o mr._n glanvile_n knowledge_n and_o some_o other_o who_o seem_v to_o have_v copy_v from_o he_o have_v allow_v the_o ancient_n less_o than_o be_v their_o due_a other_o as_o Ê‹ander_n linden_n and_o almeloveen_n antiqua_fw-la have_v attribute_v more_o to_o they_o than_o come_v to_o their_o share_n especial_o since_o though_o perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v a_o little_a tedious_a yet_o it_o can_v be_v call_v a_o digression_n hypocrates_n linden_n take_v the_o brain_n to_o be_v a_o gland_n his_o opinion_n be_v near_a to_o the_o truth_n than_o any_o of_o his_o successor_n but_o he_o seem_v to_o have_v think_v it_o to_o be_v a_o similar_v substance_n which_o it_o evident_o be_v not_o and_o therefore_o when_o several_a part_n of_o it_o be_v discover_v not_o to_o be_v glandulous_a his_o opinion_n be_v reject_v plato_n take_v it_o to_o be_v marrow_n such_o as_o nourish_v the_o bone_n but_o its_o weight_n and_o texture_n soon_o destroy_v his_o notion_n since_o it_o sink_v in_o water_n wherein_o marrow_n swim_v and_o be_v harden_v by_o fire_n by_o which_o the_o other_o be_v melt_v galen_n 6._o see_v a_o little_a far_o and_o he_o assert_v it_o to_o be_v of_o a_o nervous_a substance_n only_o something_o soft_a than_o the_o nerve_n in_o the_o body_n still_o they_o believe_v that_o the_o brain_n be_v a_o uniform_a substance_n and_o as_o long_o as_o they_o do_v so_o they_o be_v not_o like_a to_o go_v very_o far_o the_o first_o anatomist_n who_o discover_v the_o true_a texture_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v archangelus_n piccolhomineus_n 2._o a_o italian_a who_o live_v in_o the_o last_o age._n he_o find_v that_o the_o brain_n proper_o so_o call_v and_o cerebellum_fw-la consist_v of_o two_o distinct_a substance_n a_o outer_a ash-coloured_n substance_n through_o which_o the_o blood-vessel_n which_o lie_v under_o the_o pia_fw-la mater_fw-la in_o innumerable_a fold_n and_o wind_n be_v disseminated_a and_o a_o inner_a every_o where_o unite_v to_o it_o of_o a_o nervous_a nature_n that_o join_v this_o bark_n as_o it_o be_v usual_o call_v to_o the_o medulla_n oblongata_fw-la which_o be_v the_o original_a of_o all_o the_o pair_n of_o nerve_n that_o issue_n from_o the_o brain_n and_o of_o the_o spinal_a marrow_n and_o lie_v under_o the_o brain_n and_o cerebellum_fw-la after_o he_o dr._n willis_n cerebri_fw-la be_v so_o very_o exact_a that_o he_o trace_v this_o medullar_n substance_n through_o all_o its_o insertion_n into_o the_o cortical_a and_o the_o medulla_n oblongata_fw-la and_o examine_v the_o rise_v of_o all_o the_o nerve_n and_o go_v along_o with_o they_o into_o every_o part_n of_o the_o body_n with_o wonderful_a curiosity_n hereby_o not_o only_o the_o brain_n be_v demonstrable_o prove_v to_o be_v the_o fountain_n of_o sense_n and_o motion_n but_o also_o by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o nerve_n the_o manner_n how_o every_o part_n of_o the_o body_n conspire_v with_o any_o other_o to_o procure_v any_o one_o particular_a motion_n be_v clear_o show_v and_o thereby_o it_o be_v make_v plain_a even_o to_o sense_n that_o wherever_o many_o part_n join_v at_o once_o to_o cause_v the_o same_o motion_n that_o motion_n be_v cause_v by_o nerve_n that_o go_v into_o every_o one_o of_o those_o part_n which_o be_v all_o strike_v together_o and_o though_o vieussens_n and_o du_fw-fr verney_n have_v in_o many_o thing_n correct_v dr._n willis_n anatomy_n of_o the_o nerve_n yet_o they_o have_v strengthen_v his_o general_a hypothesis_n even_o at_o the_o time_n when_o they_o discover_v his_o mistake_v which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n to_o our_o present_a purpose_n galen_n indeed_o 4._o have_v a_o right_a notion_n of_o this_o matter_n but_o he_o trace_v only_o the_o large_a pair_n of_o nerve_n such_o as_o can_v not_o escape_v a_o good_a anatomist_n but_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o form_n of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n in_o the_o brain_n be_v whole_o unknown_a in_o order_n to_o the_o discovery_n whereof_o malpighius_n cortice_fw-la by_o his_o
receive_v blood_n from_o the_o heart_n and_o go_v from_o it_o which_o also_o be_v the_o constant_a way_n of_o speak_v of_o galen_n and_o all_o the_o ancient_n now_o no_o man_n that_o can_v express_v himself_o proper_o will_v ever_o say_v that_o any_o liquor_n be_v carry_v away_o from_o any_o cistern_n as_o from_o a_o fountain_n or_o source_n through_o those_o canal_n which_o to_o his_o knowledge_n convey_v liquor_n to_o that_o cistern_n 4._o hypocrates_n say_v the_o blood_n be_v carry_v into_o the_o lung_n from_o the_o heart_n for_o the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o lung_n without_o assign_v any_o other_o reason_n 10._o these_o seem_v to_o be_v positive_a argument_n that_o hypocrates_n know_v nothing_o of_o this_o matter_n and_o according_o all_o his_o commentator_n ancient_a and_o modern_a before_o dr._n harvey_n never_o interpret_v the_o former_a passage_n of_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n neither_o will_v Ê‹ander_n linden_n in_o all_o probability_n if_o dr._n harvey_n have_v not_o help_v he_o to_o the_o notion_n which_o he_o be_v then_o resolve_v to_o find_v in_o hypocrates_n who_o he_o suppose_v not_o the_o father_n only_o but_o the_o finisher_n also_o of_o the_o whole_a medical_n art_n it_o be_v pretend_v to_o by_o none_o of_o the_o ancient_n or_o rather_o their_o admirer_n for_o they_o after_o hypocrates_n as_o for_o galen_n any_o man_n that_o read_v what_o he_o say_v of_o the_o heart_n and_o lung_n in_o the_o 6_o book_n of_o his_o de_n usu_n partium_fw-la must_v own_v that_o he_o do_v not_o discourse_n as_o if_o he_o be_v acquaint_v with_o modern_a discovery_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o pretend_v that_o he_o know_v this_o recurrent_a motion_n of_o the_o blood_n which_o also_o further_o show_v that_o if_o hypocrates_n do_v know_v it_o he_o explain_v himself_o so_o obscure_o that_o galen_n can_v not_o understand_v he_o who_o in_o all_o probability_n understand_v hippocrates_n text_n as_o well_o as_o any_o of_o his_o commentator_n who_o have_v write_v since_o the_o greek_a tongue_n and_o much_o more_o since_o the_o jonic_a dialect_n have_v cease_v to_o be_v a_o live_a language_n since_o the_o ancient_n have_v no_o right_a to_o so_o noble_a a_o discovery_n it_o may_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o inquire_v to_o who_o of_o the_o modern_n the_o glory_n of_o it_o be_v due_a for_o this_o be_v also_o exceed_o contest_v the_o first_o step_n that_o be_v make_v towards_o it_o be_v the_o find_v that_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o the_o blood_n pass_v through_o the_o lung_n by_o the_o pulmonary_a artery_n and_o vein_n the_o first_o that_o i_o can_v ever_o find_v who_o have_v a_o distinct_a idea_n of_o this_o matter_n be_v michael_n servetus_n a_o spanish_a physician_n who_o be_v burn_v for_o arianism_n at_o geneva_n near_o 140_o year_n ago_o well_o have_v it_o be_v for_o the_o church_n of_o christ_n if_o he_o have_v whole_o confine_v himself_o to_o his_o own_o profession_n his_o sagacity_n in_o this_o particular_a before_o so_o much_o in_o the_o dark_a give_v we_o great_a reason_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o world_n may_v then_o have_v have_v just_a cause_n to_o have_v bless_v his_o memory_n restit_fw-la in_o a_o book_n of_o he_o entitle_v christianismi_fw-la restitutio_fw-la print_v in_o the_o year_n mdliii_o he_o clear_o assert_n that_o the_o blood_n pass_v through_o the_o lung_n from_o the_o left_a to_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o not_o through_o the_o partition_n which_o divide_v the_o two_o ventricles_n as_o be_v at_o that_o time_n common_o believe_v how_o he_o introduce_v it_o or_o in_o which_o of_o the_o six_o discourse_n into_o which_o servetus_n divide_v his_o book_n it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v i_o know_v not_o have_v never_o see_v the_o book_n myself_o mr._n charles_n bernard_n a_o very_a learned_a and_o eminent_a chirurgeon_n of_o london_n who_o do_v i_o the_o favour_n to_o communicate_v this_o passage_n to_o i_o set_v down_o at_o length_n in_o the_o margin_n which_o be_v transcribe_v out_o of_o servetus_n can_v inform_v i_o no_o further_o only_o that_o he_o have_v it_o from_o a_o learned_a friend_n of_o he_o who_o have_v himself_o copy_v it_o from_o servetus_n realdus_n columbus_n of_o cremona_n be_v the_o next_o that_o say_v any_o thing_n of_o it_o in_o his_o anatomy_n print_v at_o venice_n 1559._o in_o folio_n and_o at_o paris_n in_o 1572._o in_o octavo_n and_o afterward_o elsewhere_o there_o he_o assert_v the_o same_o lut._n circulation_n through_o the_o lung_n that_o servetus_n have_v do_v before_o but_o say_v that_o no_o man_n have_v ever_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o before_o he_o or_o have_v write_v any_o thing_n about_o it_o which_o show_v that_o he_o do_v not_o copy_n from_o servetus_n unless_o one_o shall_v say_v that_o he_o steal_v the_o notion_n without_o mention_v servetus_n name_n which_o be_v injurious_a since_o in_o these_o matter_n the_o same_o thing_n may_v be_v and_o very_o often_o be_v observe_v by_o several_a person_n who_o never_o acquaint_v each_o other_o with_o their_o discovery_n but_o columbus_n be_v much_o more_o particular_a 411._o for_o he_o say_v that_o the_o vein_n lodge_v the_o whole_a mass_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la which_o carry_v it_o into_o the_o heart_n whence_o it_o can_v return_v the_o same_o way_n that_o it_o go_v from_o the_o right_a ventricle_n it_o be_v throw_v into_o the_o lung_n by_o the_o pulmonary_a artery_n where_o the_o valve_n be_v so_o place_v as_o to_o hinder_v its_o return_n that_o way_n into_o the_o heart_n and_o so_o it_o be_v throw_v into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n and_o by_o the_o aorta_fw-mi again_o when_o enliven_v by_o the_o air_n diffuse_v through_o the_o whole_a body_n some_o year_n after_o appear_v andrea_n caesalpinus_n who_o print_v his_o peripatetical_a question_n at_o venice_n in_o quarto_n in_o 1571._o and_o afterward_o with_o his_o medical_n question_n at_o the_o same_o place_n in_o 1593._o he_o be_v rather_o more_o particular_a than_o columbus_n especial_o in_o examine_v how_o artery_n and_o vein_n join_v at_o their_o extremity_n which_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v by_o open_v their_o mouth_n into_o each_o other_o and_o he_o use_v the_o word_n circulation_n in_o his_o peripatetical_a question_n which_o have_v never_o be_v use_v in_o that_o sense_n before_o he_o also_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o blood_n swell_v below_o the_o ligature_n in_o vein_n and_o urge_v that_o in_o confirmation_n of_o his_o opinion_n at_o last_o dr._n william_n harvey_n print_v a_o discourse_n on_o purpose_n upon_o this_o subject_a at_o francfort_n in_o 1628._o this_o notion_n have_v only_o be_v occasional_o and_o slight_o treat_v of_o by_o columbus_n and_o caesalpinus_n who_o themselves_o in_o all_o probability_n do_v not_o know_v the_o consequence_n of_o what_o they_o assert_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v never_o apply_v to_o other_o purpose_n either_o to_o show_v the_o use_v of_o the_o other_o viscera_n or_o to_o explain_v the_o nature_n of_o disease_n neither_o for_o any_o thing_n that_o appear_v at_o this_o day_n have_v they_o make_v any_o number_n of_o experiment_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o explain_v their_o doctrine_n and_o to_o clear_v it_o from_o opposition_n all_o this_o dr._n harvey_n undertake_v to_o do_v and_o with_o indefatigable_a pain_n trace_v the_o visible_a vein_n and_o artery_n throughout_o the_o body_n in_o their_o whole_a journey_n from_o and_o to_o the_o heart_n so_o as_o to_o demonstrate_v even_o to_o the_o most_o incredulous_a not_o only_o that_o the_o blood_n circulate_v through_o the_o lung_n and_o heart_n but_o the_o very_a manner_n how_o and_o the_o time_n in_o which_o that_o great_a work_n be_v perform_v when_o he_o have_v once_o prove_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v so_o rapid_a as_o we_o now_o find_v it_o be_v than_o he_o draw_v such_o consequence_n from_o it_o as_o show_v that_o he_o thorough_o understand_v his_o argument_n and_o will_v leave_v little_a at_o least_o as_o little_a as_o he_o can_v to_o future_a industry_n to_o discover_v in_o that_o particular_a part_n of_o anatomy_n this_o give_v he_o a_o just_a title_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o so_o noble_a a_o discovery_n since_o what_o his_o predecessor_n have_v say_v before_o he_o be_v not_o enough_o understand_v to_o form_v just_a notion_n from_o their_o word_n one_o may_v also_o observe_v how_o gradual_o this_o discovery_n as_o all_o abstruse_a truth_n of_o humane_a disquisition_n be_v explain_v to_o the_o world_n hypocrates_n first_o talk_v of_o the_o usual_a motion_n of_o the_o blood_n plato_n say_v that_o the_o heart_n be_v the_o original_a of_o the_o vein_n and_o of_o the_o blood_n that_o be_v carry_v about_o every_o member_n of_o the_o body_n aristotle_n also_o somewhere_o speak_v of_o a_o recurrent_a motion_n of_o the_o blood_n still_o all_o this_o be_v only_o opinion_n and_o belief_n it_o
harvey_n time_n not_o one_o of_o these_o discovery_n have_v ever_o show_v a_o single_a instance_n of_o any_o artery_n go_v to_o or_o of_o any_o vein_n come_v from_o the_o heart_n ligature_n have_v be_v make_v of_o infinite_a number_n of_o vessel_n and_o the_o course_n of_o all_o the_o animal_n juice_n in_o all_o manner_n of_o live_a creature_n have_v thereby_o be_v make_v visible_a to_o the_o naked_a eye_n and_o yet_o not_o one_o of_o these_o have_v ever_o weaken_v dr._n harvey_n doctrine_n the_o pleasure_n of_o destroy_v in_o matter_n of_o this_o kind_a be_v not_o much_o less_o than_o the_o pleasure_n of_o building_n and_o therefore_o when_o we_o see_v that_o those_o book_n which_o have_v be_v write_v against_o some_o of_o the_o eminent_a of_o these_o discovery_n though_o but_o a_o few_o year_n ago_o comparative_o speak_v be_v so_o far_o dead_a that_o it_o be_v already_o become_v a_o piece_n of_o learn_v even_o to_o know_v their_o title_n we_o have_v sufficient_a assurance_n that_o these_o discoverer_n who_o write_n outlive_v opposition_n neither_o deceive_v themselves_o nor_o other_o so_o that_o whatsoever_o it_o may_v be_v former_o yet_o in_o this_o age_n general_a consent_n in_o physiological_a matter_n especial_o after_o a_o long_a canvas_n of_o the_o thing_n consent_v to_o be_v a_o almost_o infallible_a sign_n of_o truth_n 3._o the_o more_o way_n be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o arrive_v at_o any_o one_o particular_a part_n of_o knowledge_n the_o sure_a that_o knowledge_n be_v when_o it_o appear_v that_o these_o different_a method_n lend_v help_v each_o to_o other_o if_o malpighius_n or_o leeuwenhoek_n glass_n have_v make_v such_o discovery_n as_o man_n reason_n can_v not_o have_v agree_v to_o if_o object_n have_v appear_v confuse_v and_o disorderly_a in_o their_o microscope_n if_o their_o observation_n have_v contradict_v what_o the_o naked_a eye_n reveal_v than_o their_o verdict_n have_v be_v little_a worth_n but_o when_o the_o discovery_n make_v by_o the_o knife_n and_o the_o microscope_n disagree_v only_o as_o twilight_n and_o noonday_n than_o a_o man_n be_v satisfy_v that_o the_o knowledge_n which_o each_o afford_v to_o we_o differ_v only_o in_o degree_n not_o in_o sort._n 4._o it_o can_v signify_v nothing_o in_o the_o present_a controversy_n to_o pretend_v that_o book_n be_v lose_v or_o to_o say_v that_o for_o aught_o we_o know_v herophilus_n may_v ancient_o have_v make_v this_o discovery_n or_o erasistratus_n that_o their_o reason_n demonstrate_v the_o extent_n of_o their_o knowledge_n as_o convince_o as_o if_o we_o have_v a_o thousand_o old_a system_n of_o ancient_a anatomy_n extant_a 5._o in_o judge_v of_o modern_a discovery_n one_o be_v nice_o to_o distinguish_v between_o hypothesis_n and_o theory_n the_o anatomy_n of_o the_o nerve_n hold_v good_a whether_o the_o nerve_n carry_v a_o nutritious_a juice_n to_o the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o body_n or_o no._n the_o pancreas_n send_v a_o juice_n into_o the_o duodenum_fw-la which_o mix_v there_o with_o the_o bile_n let_v the_o nature_n of_o that_o juice_n be_v what_o it_o will_n yet_o here_o a_o nice_a judge_n may_v observe_v that_o every_o discovery_n have_v mend_v the_o hypothesis_n of_o the_o modern_a anatomist_n and_o so_o it_o will_v always_o do_v till_o the_o theory_n of_o every_o part_n and_o every_o juice_n be_v as_o entire_a as_o experiment_n and_o observation_n can_v make_v they_o as_o these_o discovery_n have_v make_v the_o frame_n of_o our_o own_o body_n a_o much_o more_o intelligible_a thing_n than_o it_o be_v before_o though_o there_o be_v yet_o a_o great_a deal_n unknown_a so_o the_o same_o discovery_n have_v be_v apply_v to_o and_o find_v in_o almost_o all_o sort_n of_o know_a animal_n have_v make_v the_o anatomy_n of_o brute_n bird_n fish_n and_o infect_v much_o more_o perfect_a than_o it_o can_v possible_o be_v in_o former_a age_n most_o of_o the_o rule_n which_o galen_n lay_v down_o in_o his_o anatomical_a administration_n be_v concern_v the_o dissection_n of_o ape_n if_o he_o have_v be_v now_o to_o write_v beside_o those_o tedious_a advice_n how_o to_o part_v the_o muscle_n from_o the_o membrane_n and_o to_o observe_v their_o several_a insertion_n and_o origination_n the_o jointing_n of_o the_o bone_n and_o the_o like_a he_o will_v have_v teach_v the_o world_n how_o to_o make_v ligature_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o vessel_n in_o their_o proper_a place_n what_o liquor_n have_v be_v most_o convenient_a to_o make_v injection_n with_o thereby_o to_o discern_v the_o course_n of_o vein_n artery_n chyle-vessel_n or_o lymphduct_n how_o to_o unravel_v the_o testicle_n how_o to_o use_v microscope_n to_o the_o best_a advantage_n he_o will_v have_v teach_v his_o disciple_n when_o and_o where_o to_o look_v for_o such_o and_o such_o vessel_n or_o gland_n where_o chemical_a trial_n be_v useful_a and_o what_o the_o process_n be_v by_o which_o he_o make_v his_o experiment_n or_o find_v out_o his_o theory_n which_o thing_n fill_v up_o every_o page_n in_o the_o write_n of_o late_a dissector_n this_o he_o will_v have_v do_v as_o well_o as_o what_o he_o do_v have_v these_o way_n of_o make_v anatomical_a discovery_n be_v then_o know_v and_o practise_v the_o world_n may_v then_o have_v expect_v such_o anatomy_n of_o brute_n as_o dr._n tyson_n have_v give_v of_o the_o rattle-snake_n or_o dr._n moulin_n of_o the_o elephant_n such_o dissection_n of_o fish_n as_o dr._n tyson_n of_o the_o porpesse_fw-la and_o steno_n of_o the_o shark_n such_o of_o infect_v as_o malpighius_n of_o a_o silkworm_n swammerdam_n of_o the_o ephemeron_n dr._n lister_n of_o a_o snail_n and_o the_o same_o dr._n tyson_n of_o long_a and_o round_a body-worm_n all_o which_o show_v skill_n and_o industry_n not_o conceivable_a by_o a_o man_n that_o be_v not_o a_o little_a verse_v in_o these_o matter_n to_o this_o anatomy_n of_o body_n that_o have_v sensitive_a life_n we_o ought_v to_o add_v the_o anatomy_n of_o vegetable_n begin_v and_o bring_v to_o great_a perfection_n in_o italy_n and_o england_n at_o the_o same_o time_n by_o malpighius_n and_o dr._n grew_n by_o their_o glass_n they_o have_v be_v able_a to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o different_a texture_n of_o all_o the_o part_n of_o tree_n shrub_n and_o herb_n to_o trace_v the_o several_a vessel_n which_o carry_v air_n lympha_fw-la milk_n rosin_n and_o turpentine_n in_o those_o plant_n which_o afford_v they_o to_o describe_v the_o whole_a process_n of_o vegetation_n from_o seed_n to_o seed_n and_o in_o a_o word_n though_o they_o have_v leave_v a_o great_a deal_n to_o be_v admire_v because_o it_o be_v to_o they_o incomprehensible_a yet_o they_o have_v discover_v a_o great_a deal_n to_o be_v admire_v because_o of_o its_o be_v know_v by_o their_o mean_n chap._n xx._n of_o ancient_n and_o modern_a natural_a history_n of_o elementary_a body_n and_o mineral_n have_v now_o finish_v my_o comparison_n of_o ancient_n and_o modern_a anatomy_n with_o as_o much_o exactness_n as_o my_o little_a insight_n into_o these_o thing_n will_v give_v i_o leave_v i_o be_o sensible_a that_o most_o man_n will_v think_v that_o i_o have_v be_v too_o tedious_a but_o beside_o that_o i_o have_v not_o any_o where_o find_v it_o careful_o do_v to_o my_o hand_n though_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o it_o have_v in_o book_n which_o have_v escape_v my_o notice_n i_o think_v that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o very_a effectual_a instance_n how_o little_a the_o ancient_n may_v have_v be_v presume_v to_o have_v perfect_v any_o one_o part_n of_o natural_a knowledge_n when_o their_o own_o body_n which_o they_o carry_v about_o with_o they_o and_o which_o of_o any_o thing_n they_o be_v the_o nearly_a concern_v to_o know_v be_v comparative_o speak_v so_o very_o imperfect_o trace_v however_o in_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o my_o parallel_n i_o shall_v be_v much_o short_a which_o i_o hope_v may_v be_v some_o amends_o for_o my_o too_o great_a length_n in_o this_o from_o those_o instrument_n or_o mechanical_a art_n whether_o ancient_n or_o modern_a by_o which_o knowledge_n have_v be_v advance_v i_o be_o now_o to_o go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n itself_o according_a to_o the_o method_n already_o propose_v i_o be_o to_o begin_v with_o natural_a history_n in_o its_o usual_a acceptation_n as_o it_o take_v in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o elementary_a body_n mineral_n infect_v plant_n beast_n bird_n and_o fish_n the_o usefulness_n and_o the_o pleasure_n of_o this_o part_n of_o learning_n be_v too_o well_o know_v to_o need_v any_o proof_n and_o beside_o it_o be_v a_o study_n about_o which_o the_o great_a man_n of_o all_o age_n have_v employ_v themselves_o of_o the_o very_a few_o lose_a book_n that_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o old_a testament_n one_o be_v a_o history_n of_o plant_n write_v by_o the_o wise_a of_o man_n and_o he_o a_o king_n so_o that_o there_o be_v
little_a for_o after-comer_n have_v rather_o than_o not_o contribute_v their_o proportion_n towards_o the_o advancement_n of_o knowledge_n spend_v a_o world_n of_o time_n pain_n and_o cost_n in_o examine_v the_o excrescency_n of_o all_o the_o part_n of_o tree_n shrub_n and_o herb_n in_o observe_v the_o critical_a time_n of_o the_o change_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o caterpillar_n and_o maggot_n in_o find_v out_o by_o the_o knife_n and_o microscope_n the_o minute_a part_n of_o the_o small_a animal_n in_o examine_v every_o crevice_n and_o pore_v in_o every_o ditch_n in_o trace_v every_o insect_n up_o to_o its_o original_a egg_n and_o all_o this_o with_o as_o great_a diligence_n as_o if_o they_o have_v have_v a_o alexander_n to_o have_v give_v they_o as_o many_o talent_n as_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v give_v to_o his_o master_n aristotle_n i_o shall_v put_v fish_n fowl_n and_o quadrupe_v together_o because_o the_o question_n as_o it_o relate_v to_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o these_o animal_n may_v be_v bring_v into_o a_o small_a compass_n for_o as_o to_o the_o anatomical_a part_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o every_o instance_n of_o the_o defect_n of_o ancient_a anatomy_n already_o mention_v be_v a_o proof_n how_o little_a the_o texture_n of_o the_o inward_a part_n of_o all_o these_o creature_n can_v possible_o be_v know_v and_o consequent_o that_o no_o old_a description_n of_o these_o animal_n which_o shall_v go_v beyond_o the_o part_n immediate_o visible_a will_v have_v be_v considerable_a there_o be_v hardly_o one_o eminent_a modern_a discovery_n in_o anatomy_n which_o be_v not_o first_o find_v in_o brute_n and_o afterward_o adjust_v to_o humane_a body_n many_o of_o they_o can_v never_o have_v be_v know_v without_o the_o help_n of_o livedissection_n and_o the_o rest_n require_v abundance_n of_o trial_n upon_o great_a number_n of_o different_a sort_n of_o beast_n some_o appear_v plain_o in_o one_o sort_n of_o animal_n and_o some_o in_o another_o before_o the_o discoverer_n themselves_o can_v frame_v such_o a_o clear_a idea_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o they_o be_v then_o in_o pursuit_n of_o as_o that_o they_o can_v ready_o look_v for_o they_o in_o humane_a body_n which_o can_v not_o be_v procure_v in_o so_o great_a plenty_n and_o of_o which_o they_o have_v not_o always_o the_o convenience_n all_o which_o thing_n extreme_o tend_v to_o the_o perfect_a of_o the_o anatomy_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o brute_n about_o the_o other_o part_n which_o may_v comprehend_v a_o account_n of_o their_o way_n of_o live_v their_o uses_n to_o humane_a life_n their_o sagacity_n and_o the_o like_a the_o ancient_n take_v much_o pain_n and_o go_v very_o far_o and_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o admirable_a thing_n in_o aristotle_n history_n of_o animal_n concern_v all_o these_o matter_n what_o help_v he_o have_v from_o writer_n that_o live_v before_o he_o we_o know_v not_o if_o he_o have_v but_o little_a it_o must_v be_v own_v that_o his_o book_n be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a instance_n of_o industry_n and_o sagacity_n that_o perhaps_o have_v ever_o be_v give_v but_o since_o the_o question_n be_v not_o so_o much_o whether_o that_o be_v a_o excellent_a book_n as_o whether_o it_o be_v perfect_a it_o ought_v to_o be_v compare_v with_o mr._n willoughby_n history_n of_o fish_n and_o bird_n and_o mr._n ray_n synopsis_n of_o quadruped_n as_o the_o perfect_a modern_a book_n upon_o these_o matter_n and_o than_o it_o will_v be_v easy_a to_o make_v a_o judgement_n i_o shall_v not_o make_v it_o myself_o because_o no_o man_n can_v mistake_v that_o compare_v they_o though_o never_o so_o negligent_o together_o i_o name_v only_a aristotle_n because_o he_o be_v to_o we_o at_o least_o a_o original_a author_n he_o have_v examine_v very_o many_o thing_n himself_o and_o though_o he_o take_v a_o great_a deal_n upon_o trust_n yet_o that_o can_v not_o be_v avoid_v since_o he_o have_v so_o little_a that_o we_o know_v of_o from_o more_o remote_a antiquity_n and_o it_o be_v too_o vast_a a_o work_n for_o any_o one_o single_a man_n to_o go_v through_o with_o by_o himself_o aelian_a and_o pliny_n seem_v only_o to_o have_v copy_v and_o with_o submission_n be_v it_o speak_v their_o write_n be_v rhapsody_n of_o story_n and_o relation_n partly_o true_a and_o partly_o fabulous_a which_o themselves_o have_v not_o skill_n enough_o to_o separate_v one_o from_o the_o other_o rather_o than_o natural_a history_n from_o which_o accusation_n even_o aristotle_n himself_o can_v whole_o be_v excuse_v to_o make_v this_o comparison_n the_o easy_a one_o may_v consult_v gesner_n and_o aldrovandus_n or_o if_o they_o be_v too_o voluminous_a wotton_n de_fw-fr differentiis_fw-la animalium_fw-la who_o have_v put_v under_o one_o view_n in_o several_a head_n almost_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o ancient_a author_n concern_v these_o thing_n what_o he_o have_v collect_v of_o the_o elephant_n may_v be_v compare_v with_o dr._n moulin_n anatomy_n of_o the_o same_o creature_n the_o ancient_n observation_n concern_v viper_n may_v be_v read_v along_o with_o rhedi_n and_o charas_n their_o anatomical_a description_n of_o many_o other_o animal_n may_v be_v examine_v with_o those_o publish_v by_o the_o member_n of_o the_o french_a academy_n and_o mr._n ray_n in_o his_o synopsis_n and_o then_o the_o imperfection_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o other_o will_v be_v clear_o see_v and_o the_o distance_n between_o each_o exact_o state_v though_o perhaps_o this_o may_v seem_v too_o far_o about_o since_o it_o be_v manifest_a at_o first_o sight_n that_o no_o ancient_a description_n of_o any_o creature_n can_v be_v at_o present_a valuable_a when_o their_o whole_a anatomy_n be_v so_o imperfect_a some_o mistake_v however_o might_n methinks_v have_v be_v prevent_v the_o egyptian_a sage_n can_v sure_a have_v teach_v they_o that_o a_o crocodile_n move_v his_o under-jaw_n and_o not_o his_o upper_a they_o may_v soon_o have_v find_v that_o a_o lion_n have_v vertebre_n in_o his_o neck_n and_o with_o they_o by_o consequence_n can_v move_v it_o upon_o occasion_n and_o have_v as_o large_a a_o heart_n as_o other_o creature_n of_o his_o size_n that_o a_o 209._o porcupine_n shoot_v out_o none_o of_o his_o quill_n upon_o those_o that_o set_v upon_o he_o and_o several_a other_o thing_n which_o will_v have_v prevent_v several_a oversight_n that_o be_v not_o much_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o ancient_a diligence_n this_o will_v have_v save_v abundance_n of_o fabulous_a relation_n that_o may_v be_v find_v in_o ancient_a naturalist_n their_o heap_v up_o monstrous_a story_n without_o give_v distinguish_v mark_v many_o time_n to_o testify_v which_o they_o believe_v and_o which_o not_o be_v a_o evident_a sign_n that_o they_o be_v not_o enough_o acquaint_v with_o these_o creature_n to_o make_v a_o thorough_a judgement_n what_o may_v be_v rely_v upon_o and_o what_o ought_v to_o be_v reject_v for_o accurate_a skill_n in_o these_o thing_n help_v a_o man_n to_o judge_v as_o certain_o of_o those_o relation_n which_o himself_o never_o see_v as_o political_a skill_n do_v to_o judge_v of_o account_n of_o matter_n that_o belong_v to_o civil_a life_n and_o a_o great_a deal_n better_o by_o how_o much_o nature_n go_v in_o a_o even_a course_n than_o the_o will_n and_o fancy_n of_o man_n which_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o most_o of_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v transact_v in_o the_o world_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o ancient_n and_o modern_a astronomy_n and_o optic_n have_v now_o go_v through_o with_o the_o several_a part_n of_o natural_a history_n i_o be_o to_o inquire_v into_o the_o state_n of_o physico-mathematical_a and_o physical_a science_n such_o as_o astronomy_n optic_n music_n and_o medic_n i_o put_v astronomy_n first_o because_o of_o the_o vast_a extent_n and_o real_a nobleness_n of_o its_o subject_n and_o also_o because_o it_o have_v suffer_v the_o least_o eclipse_n of_o any_o part_n of_o knowledge_n whatsoever_o in_o the_o barbarous_a time_n for_o when_o the_o greek_n neglect_v it_o the_o arab_n and_o from_o they_o the_o spaniard_n take_v it_o up_o that_o this_o enquiry_n may_v be_v the_o more_o exact_o make_v and_o that_o you_o may_v be_v thorough_o convince_v of_o the_o truth_n in_o this_o matter_n to_o which_o chief_o our_o obligation_n lie_v mr._n edmond_n halley_n who_o labour_n towards_o the_o advancement_n of_o this_o science_n have_v make_v he_o famous_a in_o so_o many_o distant_a part_n of_o the_o world_n do_v i_o the_o favour_n to_o communicate_v this_o follow_a paper_n as_o for_o the_o astronomy_n of_o the_o ancient_n this_o be_v usual_o reckon_v for_o one_o of_o those_o science_n wherein_o consist_v the_o learning_n of_o the_o egyptian_n and_o strabo_n express_o declare_v that_o there_o be_v in_o babylonia_n several_a university_n wherein_o astronomy_n be_v chief_o profess_v and_o pliny_n tell_v we_o much_o the_o same_o
sidonius_n apollinaris_n know_v the_o state_n of_o demosthenes_n time_n so_o well_o yet_o these_o also_o be_v ancient_n to_o we_o and_o have_v leave_v behind_o they_o write_n of_o a_o very_a estimable_a value_n literary_n commerce_n be_v ancient_o not_o so_o frequent_a as_o now_o it_o be_v though_o the_o roman_a empire_n make_v it_o more_o easy_a than_o otherwise_o it_o can_v have_v be_v in_o ecclesiastical_a antiquity_n this_o can_v be_v more_o full_o prove_v than_o it_o can_v in_o civil_a because_o monument_n of_o that_o kind_a be_v more_o numerous_a and_o have_v be_v better_o preserve_v how_o wide_o be_v the_o greek_a writer_n many_o time_n mistake_v when_o they_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o latin_a church_n and_o how_o very_o imperfect_a many_o time_n be_v the_o account_n which_o the_o western_a church_n have_v of_o thing_n of_o the_o great_a moment_n that_o have_v be_v determine_v in_o the_o east_n though_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a be_v ecumenical_a yet_o the_o african_a church_n know_v so_o little_a of_o its_o canon_n above_o fifty_o year_n after_o it_o be_v hold_v that_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n impose_v canon_n make_v in_o another_o council_n hold_v several_a year_n after_o in_o another_o place_n upon_o they_o as_o canon_n make_v in_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a yet_o they_o be_v all_o at_o that_o time_n under_o one_o common_a government_n and_o these_o thing_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o all_o side_n to_o be_v of_o eternal_a concernment_n the_o same_o negligence_n if_o not_o great_a be_v discernible_a in_o matter_n which_o be_v study_v rather_o as_o recreation_n and_o diversion_n than_o as_o necessary_a business_n how_o many_o of_o the_o ancient_n busy_v themselves_o about_o examine_v into_o the_o antiquity_n of_o several_a nation_n especial_o after_o the_o old_a testament_n be_v translate_v into_o greek_a yet_o how_o few_o of_o they_o understand_v the_o language_n of_o those_o country_n of_o which_o they_o dispute_v there_o be_v but_o two_o of_o the_o ancient_a father_n that_o we_o know_v of_o that_o pretend_v to_o learning_n who_o understand_v hebrew_a accurate_o origen_n and_o st_n hierom_n and_o how_o well_o st._n hierom_n understand_v it_o be_v now_o certain_o know_v not_o like_o the_o lightfoot'_v the_o buxtorf_n the_o drusius_n and_o the_o cappell_n of_o the_o present_a age_n one_o may_v be_v very_o well_o assure_v the_o other_o oriental_a language_n even_o these_o inquisitive_a father_n know_v very_o little_a or_o nothing_o of_o to_o how_o good_a purpose_n they_o have_v be_v cultivate_v by_o the_o modern_n the_o write_n of_o selden_n bochart_n pocock_n and_o several_a other_o do_v abundant_o declare_v when_o pocock_n and_o golius_n go_v into_o the_o east_n to_o bring_v away_o their_o learning_n they_o go_v to_o very_o good_a purpose_n indeed_o the_o bodleyan_n and_o leyden-library_n can_v witness_v what_o vast_a heap_n of_o eastern_a mss._n have_v be_v bring_v by_o such_o man_n as_o these_o into_o europe_n one_o will_v think_v i_o be_v draw_v up_o a_o catalogue_n not_o write_v of_o a_o letter_n if_o i_o shall_v enumerate_v the_o book_n which_o have_v be_v print_v about_o the_o oriental_a learning_n within_o these_o last_o seventy_o year_n and_o how_o much_o they_o have_v enlighten_v all_o manner_n of_o antiquity_n be_v easy_a to_o tell_v how_o clear_o have_v the_o old_a chronology_n and_o geography_n be_v state_v by_o modern_a critic_n and_o philologer_n and_o the_o mistake_v and_o carelessness_n of_o many_o writer_n detect_v who_o be_v esteem_v authentic_a even_o in_o the_o time_n wherein_o they_o live_v selden_n and_o bochart_n to_o name_v no_o more_o at_o present_a have_v plain_o prove_v that_o all_o the_o ancient_a greek_a antiquary_n be_v not_o near_o so_o well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o original_n of_o that_o mythology_n which_o then_o make_v up_o a_o good_a part_n of_o their_o religion_n as_o well_o as_o of_o their_o learning_n as_o it_o be_v know_v at_o present_a since_o the_o language_n of_o those_o country_n from_o whence_o most_o of_o those_o rite_n and_o story_n take_v their_o original_a have_v be_v careful_o examine_v and_o critical_o study_v be_v it_o not_o a_o very_a odd_a thing_n that_o of_o so_o many_o as_o have_v write_v of_o the_o pyramid_n there_o shall_v not_o be_v one_o exact_a account_n of_o they_o ancient_z nor_o modern_a till_o mr._n greaves_n describe_v they_o they_o be_v admire_v former_o as_o much_o as_o now_o martial_a reckon_v among_o the_o seven_o wonder_n of_o the_o world_n and_o mention_v from_o herodotus_n time_n downward_o by_o all_o that_o give_v any_o account_n of_o egypt_n yet_o most_o man_n copy_v after_o herodotus_n and_o many_o of_o the_o rest_n who_o do_v not_o speak_v by_o guess_n none_o of_o the_o extant_a ancient_a author_n be_v so_o exact_a as_o sir_n george_n sandys_n who_o want_v nothing_o but_o mathematical_a skill_n to_o have_v leave_v nothing_o for_o mr._n greaves_n who_o come_v after_o he_o to_o do_v this_o be_v a_o eminent_a instance_n whereby_o we_o may_v give_v a_o certain_a judgement_n of_o the_o historical_a exactness_n of_o the_o ancient_n compare_v to_o that_o of_o the_o modern_n it_o may_v be_v improve_v to_o considerable_a purpose_n at_o least_o it_o be_v of_o great_a use_n to_o justify_v those_o modern_a writer_n who_o have_v with_o great_a freedom_n accuse_v some_o of_o the_o great_a of_o the_o ancient_n of_o carelessness_n in_o their_o account_n of_o civil_a occurrency_n as_o well_o as_o of_o natural_a rarety_n and_o who_o have_v dare_v to_o believe_v their_o own_o reason_n against_o the_o positive_a evidence_n of_o a_o old_a historian_n in_o matter_n wherein_o one_o will_v think_v that_o he_o have_v great_a opportunity_n of_o know_v the_o certain_a truth_n than_o any_o man_n that_o have_v live_v for_o several_a age_n but_o here_o i_o expect_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v object_v that_o this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v esteem_v as_o a_o part_n of_o real_a learning_n to_o pore_v in_o old_a mss._n to_o compare_v various_a readins_n to_o turn_v over_o glossary_n and_o old_a scholia_fw-la upon_o ancient_a historian_n orator_n and_o poet_n to_o be_v minutely_o critical_a in_o all_o the_o little_a fashion_n of_o the_o ancient_a greek_n and_o roman_n the_o memory_n whereof_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n lose_v within_o fifty_o or_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o they_o have_v be_v in_o use_n may_v be_v good_a argument_n of_o a_o man_n industry_n and_o willingness_n to_o drudge_n but_o seem_v to_o signify_v little_a to_o denominate_v he_o a_o great_a genius_n or_o one_o who_o be_v able_a to_o do_v great_a thing_n of_o himself_o the_o objection_n be_v specious_a enough_o and_o the_o indiscretion_n of_o many_o modern_a commentator_n have_v give_v but_o too_o much_o colour_n for_o it_o which_o have_v in_o our_o nation_n especial_o be_v rivet_v in_o man_n mind_n more_o perhaps_o than_o in_o any_o other_o learned_a nation_n in_o europe_n though_o in_o inquiry_n into_o the_o remote_a antiquity_n of_o the_o old_a nation_n perhaps_o no_o people_n have_v do_v near_o so_o much_o as_o some_o learned_a englishman_n but_o this_o objection_n lie_v chief_o against_o the_o man_n not_o the_o knowledge_n the_o extent_n whereof_o it_o be_v only_o my_o business_n to_o inquire_v into_o and_o yet_o even_o there_o too_o it_o be_v without_o ground_n for_o whoever_o will_v be_v at_o the_o pain_n to_o reflect_v upon_o the_o vast_a extent_n of_o the_o various_a knowledge_n which_o such_o man_n as_o those_o i_o name_v before_o have_v treasure_v together_o which_o they_o be_v able_a to_o produce_v to_o such_o excellent_a purpose_n in_o their_o write_n must_v confess_v that_o their_o genius_n be_v little_a if_o at_o all_o inferior_a to_o their_o memory_n those_o among_o they_o especial_o who_o have_v busy_v themselves_o in_o restore_v corrupt_a place_n of_o ancient_a author_n there_o be_v thousand_o of_o correction_n and_o censure_n upon_o author_n to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o annotation_n of_o modern_a critic_n which_o require_v more_o fineness_n of_o thought_n and_o happiness_n of_o invention_n than_o perhaps_o twenty_o such_o volume_n as_o those_o be_v upon_o which_o these_o very_a criticism_n be_v make_v for_o though_o general_o speak_v good_a copy_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a though_o the_o critic_n himself_o must_v have_v a_o perfect_a command_n of_o the_o language_n and_o particular_a style_n of_o his_o author_n must_v have_v a_o clear_a idea_n of_o the_o way_n and_o humour_n of_o the_o age_n in_o which_o he_o write_v many_o of_o which_o thing_n require_v great_a sagacity_n as_o well_o as_o great_a industry_n yet_o there_o be_v a_o peculiar_a quickness_n in_o discern_v what_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o passage_n then_o to_o be_v correct_v in_o distinguish_v all_o the_o particular_a circumstance_n necessary_a to_o be_v observe_v and_o those_o perhaps_o very_o numerous_a which_o raise_v a_o judicious_a critic_n very_o