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inconsiderable_a soever_o it_o may_v seem_v wherefore_o there_o must_v necessary_o be_v four_o cause_n concur_v to_o euâ—ry_o effect_n in_o nature_n viz._n the_o efficient_a maâ—â—rial_a formal_a and_o final_a for_o example_n in_o my_o action_n of_o write_v a_o letter_n the_o efficient_a cause_n be_v myself_o the_o material_a cause_n be_v the_o paper_n the_o formal_a the_o character_n draw_v in_o the_o paper_n and_o the_o final_a to_o gratify_v my_o friend_n acquaint_v he_o with_o news_n etc._n etc._n 2._o hence_o we_o can_v demonstrate_v the_o a_o est_fw-fr of_o those_o four_o cause_n in_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o corporeal_a nature_n how_o remote_a soever_o it_o be_v from_o we_o and_o that_o they_o must_v concur_v to_o every_o effect_n though_o we_o do_v not_o know_v the_o quid_fw-la est_fw-la of_o they_o the_o first_o part_n of_o our_o thesis_n be_v prove_v for_o since_o the_o a_o est_fw-fr of_o all_o those_o cause_n or_o that_o there_o must_v be_v such_o four_o cause_n necessary_o 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who_o be_v subject_a to_o those_o law_n for_o since_o those_o law_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o common_a practice_n and_o the_o common_a practice_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o those_o law_n hence_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o law_n be_v demonstrate_v by_o the_o common_a practice_n a_o posteriori_fw-la 20._o but_o the_o very_o best_a and_o most_o assure_a way_n to_o detect_v and_o avoid_v equivocation_n in_o all_o word_n whatever_o be_v to_o observe_v and_o examine_v whether_o the_o same_o definition_n agree_v to_o the_o word_n as_o find_v in_o diverse_a place_n for_o since_o the_o definition_n consist_v of_o a_o determinate_a genus_fw-la and_o its_o intrinsecal_n or_o proper_a difference_n it_o must_v needs_o give_v we_o the_o precise_a notion_n or_o mean_v of_o the_o word_n since_o if_o it_o be_v either_o under_o any_o other_o genus_fw-la or_o constitute_v by_o any_o other_o difference_n the_o essence_n which_o they_o constitute_v must_v needs_o be_v a_o different_a essence_n and_o therefore_o the_o word_n which_o signify_v it_o must_v necessary_o have_v another_o mean_v or_o notion_n corol._n v._o word_n be_v invent_v to_o express_v sense_n or_o mean_v it_o follow_v that_o those_o word_n that_o have_v many_o sense_n and_o all_o of_o they_o true_a and_o coherent_a to_o one_o another_o have_v the_o high_a perfection_n that_o word_n can_v possible_o have_v wherefore_o those_o passage_n in_o holy_a scripture_n that_o bear_v both_o a_o literal_a tropological_a or_o moral_a analogical_a and_o anagogical_a sense_n or_o several_a of_o they_o be_v of_o a_o more_o sublime_a nature_n than_o other_o word_n be_v and_o argue_v that_o they_o be_v indict_v by_o a_o divine_a author_n book_n ii_o of_o the_o second_o operation_n of_o our_o understanding_n or_o judgement_n lesson_n i._o of_o the_o nature_n of_o judgement_n or_o proposition_n in_o common_a of_o their_o part_n of_o the_o ground_n of_o their_o verification_n and_o of_o the_o several_a manner_n of_o predicate_v 1._o 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in_o order_n to_o knowledge_n that_o be_v with_o a_o application_n of_o our_o know_a power_n to_o see_v whether_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v thus_o put_v together_o or_o no_o or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o whether_o the_o proposition_n be_v true_a 2._o wherefore_o since_o we_o can_v know_v any_o thing_n to_o be_v so_o but_o what_o be_v true_o so_o it_o follow_v that_o all_o knowledge_n must_v be_v of_o some_o verity_n or_o truth_n and_o this_o not_o of_o a_o truth_n which_o be_v material_o such_o or_o repeat_v in_o our_o mind_n for_o this_o amount_n to_o no_o more_o but_o a_o complex_n notion_n or_o apprehension_n but_o to_o make_v up_o the_o notion_n of_o knowledge_n we_o must_v see_v the_o notion_n of_o which_o that_o truth_n do_v formal_o consist_v to_o be_v true_o and_o indeed_o connect_v as_o when_o we_o say_v a_o stone_n be_v hard_a we_o must_v see_v that_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o stone_n and_o by_o hard_a be_v some_o way_n or_o other_o connect_v in_o the_o thing_n or_o otherwise_o all_o truth_n be_v take_v from_o the_o thing_n we_o can_v be_v say_v to_o know_v it_o to_o be_v true_a 3._o judge_v in_o proper_a speech_n be_v not_o mere_o and_o precise_o the_o see_v or_o know_v that_o the_o notion_n be_v connect_v but_o the_o say_v interior_o or_o assent_v hearty_o that_o they_o be_v so_o otherwise_o since_o nothing_o can_v be_v know_v to_o be_v so_o but_o what_o be_v so_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o there_o will_v be_v no_o false_a judgement_n wherefore_o judge_v add_v to_o the_o mere_a notion_n of_o knowledge_n that_o it_o be_v the_o subdue_a of_o all_o hesitation_n or_o the_o fixure_n of_o our_o intellective_a faculty_n about_o the_o verity_n or_o falsity_n of_o any_o thing_n whence_o judge_v be_v the_o effect_n immediate_o and_o necessary_o result_v from_o our_o knowledge_n that_o the_o notion_n be_v real_o connect_v when_o it_o be_v a_o true_a judgement_n or_o else_o from_o our_o only_a conceit_v they_o to_o be_v connect_v when_o the_o judgement_n be_v false_a whence_o this_o be_v a_o right_a consequence_n i_o see_v or_o know_v the_o notion_n cohere_v therefore_o i_o judge_v the_o say_v or_o sentence_n that_o signify_v they_o be_v connect_v to_o be_v true_a which_o be_v the_o method_n that_o all_o rational_a or_o judicious_a man_n take_v whereas_o passionate_a or_o ignorant_a man_n who_o be_v blind_o addict_v to_o their_o own_o sentiment_n take_v the_o contrary_a way_n and_o will_v have_v the_o notion_n to_o cohere_v and_o the_o proposition_n to_o be_v true_a because_o they_o have_v prejudge_v it_o so_o upon_o some_o other_o motive_n than_o the_o see_v that_o the_o term_n themselves_o be_v indeed_o connect_v it_o will_v be_v object_v that_o knowledge_n also_o fix_v our_o understanding_n and_o therefore_o know_v be_v judge_v i_o answer_v that_o to_o fix_v the_o understanding_n so_o as_o to_o acquiesce_v to_o what_o it_o see_v be_v to_o make_v it_o judge_n but_o the_o notion_n of_o know_v be_v complete_v in_o the_o bare_a see_v the_o term_n connect_v and_o be_v terminate_v in_o regard_v the_o object_n or_o the_o proposition_n that_o be_v know_v but_o judge_v superadd_n to_o it_o that_o it_o be_v moreover_o the_o yield_a to_o reject_v all_o far_a disquisition_n and_o adhere_v firm_o to_o that_o knowledge_n which_o though_o the_o distinction_n between_o they_o be_v nice_a and_o delicate_a be_v another_o consideration_n superad_v to_o mere_a know_v and_o sink_v and_o rivet_n the_o object_n more_o deep_o and_o unremovable_o in_o the_o soul_n last_o the_o intuitive_a knowledge_n of_o pure_a spirit_n be_v true_a knowledge_n but_o it_o be_v not_o make_v by_o our_o way_n of_o judge_v in_o regard_n they_o neither_o abstract_n nor_o compound_v or_o divide_v notion_n 4._o hence_o be_v see_v that_o to_o make_v judgement_n of_o thing_n out_o of_o true_a knowledge_n be_v the_o great_a natural_a perfection_n our_o soul_n be_v capable_a of_o for_o since_o nothing_o can_v be_v know_v to_o be_v so_o but_o what_o be_v so_o or_o true_a all_o 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several_a duty_n here_o most_o certain_o bring_v we_o to_o eternal_a happiness_n hereafter_o 5._o that_o speech_n that_o connect_v notion_n in_o order_n to_o knowledge_n or_o express_v a_o judgement_n be_v call_v a_o proposition_n that_o be_v such_o a_o speech_n as_o propose_v the_o notion_n and_o put_v they_o into_o such_o a_o frame_n or_o posture_n of_o connexion_n as_o best_o serve_v for_o we_o to_o judge_n whether_o they_o be_v real_o connect_v or_o no._n whence_o it_o must_v consist_v of_o three_o part_n viz._n that_o which_o be_v affirm_v or_o deny_v of_o another_o which_o in_o a_o artificial_a term_n we_o call_v predicate_v and_o that_o notion_n the_o predicate_a that_o of_o which_o it_o be_v affirm_v or_o deny_v call_v the_o subject_a and_o that_o notion_n which_o signify_v their_o connexion_n call_v the_o copula_fw-la the_o two_o first_o be_v also_o call_v the_o term_n
these_o only_o know_v it_o to_o be_v true_a that_o such_o and_o such_o author_n say_v thus_o or_o thus_o those_o be_v such_o scholar_n as_o have_v god_n and_o nature_n for_o their_o master_n these_o be_v only_o the_o scholar_n of_o mere_a man_n who_o if_o they_o take_v not_o this_o way_n speak_v out_o of_o fancy_n which_o be_v ungrounded_a and_o therefore_o various_a and_o inconstant_a whence_o such_o man_n of_o read_v use_n to_o fill_v their_o head_n with_o a_o gallimowfry_n of_o thrum_n end_n of_o say_n glean_v from_o diverse_a logician_n or_o philosopher_n discourse_v thus_o or_o thus_o but_o if_o you_o put_v they_o to_o demonstrate_v any_o point_n or_o to_o reduce_v it_o to_o its_o first_o principle_n they_o be_v utter_o at_o a_o loss_n a_o certain_a sign_n they_o do_v not_o in_o true_a speech_n know_v any_o thing_n corol._n ii_o be_v the_o method_n of_o reduce_v truth_n as_o be_v abovesaid_a well_o settle_v probability_n in_o speculatives_n which_o be_v the_o bane_n of_o science_n will_v be_v quite_o dash_v out_o of_o countenance_n and_o shame_v out_o of_o the_o school_n to_o do_v which_o how_o high_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o advancement_n of_o science_n be_v â—â—sily_o discernible_a by_o the_o dim_a eye_n lesson_n iu._n how_o every_o truth_n be_v to_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o identical_a proposition_n and_o consequent_o every_o error_n to_o a_o contradiction_n what_o consequence_n follow_v thence_o of_o one_o truth_n be_v in_o another_o and_o of_o the_o science_n of_o pure_a spirit_n 1._o to_o reduce_v any_o truth_n to_o a_o identical_a proposition_n be_v nothing_o but_o to_o show_v clear_o that_o if_o you_o deny_v such_o a_o truth_n you_o must_v by_o consequence_n deny_v the_o identical_a one_o which_o be_v proper_a to_o that_o subject_a and_o express_v its_o be_v what_o it_o be_v for_o since_o the_o reduce_v inferior_a truth_n in_o any_o subject_n to_o those_o which_o be_v supreme_a or_o identical_a be_v perform_v by_o way_n of_o discourse_n or_o draw_v consequence_n and_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o those_o proposition_n which_o be_v inferior_a truth_n and_o the_o supreme_a one_o can_v be_v the_o same_o formal_o and_o express_o it_o follow_v that_o they_o can_v only_o be_v the_o same_o virtual_o or_o as_o one_o truth_n be_v include_v in_o another_o wherefore_o as_o deduce_v be_v nothing_o but_o derive_v downward_o the_o verity_n which_o be_v in_o some_o high_a truth_n to_o the_o inferior_a one_o so_o reduce_v be_v the_o carry_v upward_o or_o resolve_v those_o inferior_a truth_n into_o those_o high_a one_o on_o which_o they_o depend_v and_o the_o show_v they_o to_o be_v by_o consequence_n the_o same_o or_o that_o the_o inferior_a thesis_n must_v needs_o be_v true_a if_o the_o identical_a or_o supreme_a one_o be_v so_o and_o that_o the_o supreme_a one_o can_v be_v true_a unless_o the_o inferior_a one_o be_v such_o also_o so_o that_o the_o verity_n of_o the_o supreme_a truth_n do_v by_o consequence_n stand_v engage_v in_o the_o patronage_n of_o the_o inferior_a one_o lemma_n all_o essence_n consist_v in_o a_o indivisible_a for_o since_o essence_n be_v the_o form_n of_o the_o ens_fw-la and_o ens_fw-la that_o which_o be_v capable_a of_o exist_v and_o nothing_o can_v exist_v but_o that_o which_o be_v ultimate_o determine_v in_o the_o line_n of_o ens_fw-la and_o distinguish_v from_o all_o other_o in_o that_o line_n and_o any_o essential_a predicate_v take_v away_o it_o want_v part_n of_o its_o essence_n that_o be_v part_v of_o that_o which_o be_v to_o constitute_v it_o such_o a_o ens_fw-la and_o distinguish_v it_o from_o all_o other_o that_o be_v which_o determine_v it_o to_o be_v this_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la or_o essence_n require_v a_o totality_n of_o all_o its_o essential_a part_n but_o a_o totality_n since_o the_o least_o part_n defalkt_v from_o it_o make_v it_o to_o be_v no_o totum_fw-la consist_v in_o a_o indivisibility_n therefore_o all_o essence_n consist_v in_o a_o indivisible_a 2._o hence_o a_o easy_a way_n be_v chalk_v out_o how_o to_o reduce_v any_o truth_n to_o a_o identical_a proposition_n or_o any_o error_n to_o a_o contradiction_n for_o let_v but_o the_o subject_a of_o the_o discourse_n homo_fw-la for_o example_n be_v define_v and_o the_o two_o part_n of_o its_o definition_n be_v define_v likewise_o and_o so_o forward_o we_o shall_v have_v gain_v a_o clear_a and_o distinct_a notion_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o of_o all_o its_o essential_a part_n if_o then_o the_o discourse_n be_v about_o the_o nature_n or_o essence_n of_o homo_fw-la all_o the_o division_n of_o the_o part_n of_o that_o essence_n which_o be_v common_a notion_n be_v as_o they_o ought_v make_v by_o contradictory_n difference_n and_o this_o from_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la to_o the_o very_a notion_n discourse_v of_o consequent_o that_o discourse_n must_v either_o evident_o clash_v with_o and_o contradict_v some_o one_o of_o those_o essential_a part_n or_o agree_v to_o they_o all._n if_o it_o contradict_v any_o one_o of_o they_o then_o since_o essence_n consist_v in_o a_o indivisible_a it_o do_v by_o consequence_n destroy_v the_o whole_a essence_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o make_v homo_fw-la not_o to_o be_v homo_fw-la and_o if_o it_o agree_v with_o all_o its_o part_n then_o since_o all_z the_o part_n be_v evident_o the_o whole_a it_o be_v by_o consequence_n as_o certain_a as_o it_o be_v that_o homo_fw-la be_v homo_fw-la since_o to_o say_v that_o homo_fw-la be_v a_o ens_fw-la and_o such_o a_o ens_fw-la as_o be_v corpus_n and_o such_o a_o corpus_n as_o be_v compound_v and_o such_o a_o compound_v body_n as_o be_v vivens_fw-la and_o such_o a_o vivens_fw-la as_o be_v sensitive_a or_o a_o animal_n and_o such_o a_o animal_n as_o can_v have_v notion_n in_o it_o and_o can_v compare_v one_o notion_n to_o another_o and_o two_o to_o a_o three_o be_v evident_o to_o say_v in_o equivalent_a term_n homo_fw-la est_fw-la homo_fw-la 3._o another_o method_n of_o resolve_v all_o truth_n into_o identical_a proposition_n be_v to_o define_v both_o the_o subject_a and_o predicate_v and_o to_o pursue_v their_o definition_n till_o some_o notion_n that_o be_v perfect_o identical_a appear_v in_o both_o as_o be_v instance_a in_o this_o proposition_n virtue_n be_v laudable_a in_o the_o last_o lesson_n §_o 15._o 4._o moreover_o all_o conclusion_n formal_o as_o such_o that_o be_v consider_v they_o as_o infer_v or_o conclude_v be_v resolve_v final_o into_o this_o identical_a proposition_n the_o same_n be_v the_o same_o with_o its_o self_n as_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v above_o b._n 2._o l._n 3._o §_o 10._o 5._o wherefore_o the_o method_n be_v settle_v of_o reduce_v to_o identical_a proposition_n both_o inferior_a truth_n which_o be_v the_o premise_n and_o also_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o follow_v of_o the_o conclusion_n from_o their_o respective_a premise_n which_o be_v the_o consequence_n it_o be_v hard_o to_o conceive_v what_o can_v be_v far_o want_v to_o the_o method_n to_o science_n so_o these_o rule_n be_v thorough_o penetrate_v and_o industrious_o put_v in_o practice_n 6._o all_o truth_n whatever_o that_o concern_v the_o essence_n of_o thing_n if_o we_o have_v but_o notion_n of_o the_o term_n of_o the_o proposition_n which_o express_v they_o do_v come_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o this_o method_n and_o be_v demonstrable_a for_o since_o all_o truth_n who_o term_n we_o understand_v do_v consist_v of_o notion_n and_o it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o know_v to_o what_o common_a head_n those_o notion_n do_v belong_v nor_o insuperable_o hard_a to_o divide_v by_o proper_a difference_n that_o common_a head_n nor_o the_o less_o general_a notion_n under_o that_o head_n till_o we_o come_v to_o the_o very_a notion_n who_o connexion_n be_v in_o question_n it_o follow_v that_o all_o proposition_n belong_v to_o any_o head_n be_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n equal_o reducible_a to_o their_o proper_a identical_o since_o all_o the_o predicate_v in_o the_o nine_o last_o common_a head_n which_o be_v analogical_o entia_fw-la have_v also_o their_o analogical_a essence_n of_o which_o we_o can_v have_v as_o clear_v and_o distinct_a notion_n as_o we_o have_v of_o the_o first_o common_a head_n which_o be_v proper_o ens_fw-la and_o so_o we_o can_v as_o easy_o define_v their_o abstract_a notion_n as_o we_o can_v the_o other_o or_o rather_o much_o more_o easy_o and_o consequent_o reduce_v they_o to_o their_o identical_o 7._o hence_o we_o can_v discourse_n scientifical_o or_o have_v true_a science_n not_o only_o of_o quantity_n which_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o mathematics_n but_o with_o equal_a reason_n of_o virtue_n and_o vice_n which_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o ethic_n for_o we_o can_v equal_o abstract_v the_o notion_n of_o the_o several_a virtue_n have_v a_o distinct_a conception_n of_o they_o equal_o define_v they_o and_o by_o that_o mean_v equal_o reduce_v they_o to_o
their_o identical_o and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o other_o quality_n that_o affect_v our_o sense_n very_o distinct_o as_o heat_n cold_a moist_a dry_v etc._n etc._n note_v that_o in_o such_o as_o these_o if_o it_o be_v too_o laborious_a to_o arrive_v at_o their_o definition_n by_o divide_v the_o common_a genus_fw-la as_o it_o often_o happen_v when_o the_o divide_v member_n be_v more_o than_o two_o and_o be_v not_o contradictory_n to_o one_o another_o then_o we_o may_v frame_v our_o definition_n of_o they_o by_o observe_v the_o carriage_n of_o the_o vulgar_a towards_o they_o or_o their_o saying_n concern_v they_o for_o such_o quality_n be_v sensible_a one_o be_v the_o object_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o mankind_n and_o do_v imprint_v lively_a and_o distinct_a notion_n of_o themselves_o in_o all_o man_n wherefore_o their_o saying_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o true_a notion_n they_o have_v of_o they_o they_o if_o enough_o of_o they_o be_v collect_v must_v give_v we_o the_o true_a notion_n of_o they_o or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o of_o what_o they_o mean_v by_o the_o word_n that_o express_v they_o which_o be_v equivalent_a in_o sense_n to_o a_o perfect_a definition_n for_o example_n when_o they_o speak_v of_o those_o quality_n we_o call_v dry_a and_o moist_a we_o shall_v observe_v that_o they_o be_v solicitous_a lest_o moist_a thing_n shall_v squander_v and_o run_v about_o and_o therefore_o they_o be_v careful_a themselves_o to_o put_v such_o thing_n in_o some_o receptacle_n or_o vessel_n that_o may_v keep_v they_o from_o do_v so_o or_o they_o bid_v their_o servant_n do_v it_o on_o the_o contrary_a they_o bid_v they_o set_v dry_a thing_n on_o the_o cupboard_n or_o on_o a_o shelf_n and_o never_o put_v they_o in_o a_o vessel_n or_o be_v at_o the_o needless_a labour_n of_o pound_v they_o into_o a_o pot_n or_o tub_n out_o of_o fear_n they_o shall_v squander_v about_o which_o saying_n and_o behaviour_n of_o they_o give_v we_o the_o definition_n of_o both_o those_o quality_n viz._n that_o moist_a be_v that_o which_o difficult_o keep_v its_o own_o bound_n or_o figure_n and_o be_v easy_o accommodate_v to_o the_o bound_n of_o another_o thing_n and_o dry_v be_v that_o which_o easy_o retain_v its_o own_o bound_n or_o figure_n and_o be_v difficulty_n accommodate_v to_o the_o bound_n of_o another_o which_o be_v the_o very_a definition_n which_o that_o great_a observer_n of_o nature_n aristotle_n give_v we_o of_o those_o two_o quality_n note_v ii_o whence_o we_o may_v with_o a_o humble_a acknowledgement_n and_o thanks_o reflect_v on_o the_o infinite_a goodness_n of_o the_o god_n of_o truth_n who_o unenvious_o bestow_v knowledge_n on_o all_o who_o will_v dispose_v themselves_o to_o receive_v it_o that_o wherever_o art_n by_o reason_n of_o our_o shortness_n be_v at_o a_o plunge_n he_o supply_v it_o by_o practical_a self-evidence_n or_o the_o natural_o instill_a knowledge_n of_o the_o vulgar_a whence_o it_o be_v a_o high_a pride_n in_o the_o great_a man_n of_o art_n to_o conceit_n that_o they_o be_v above_o be_v still_o the_o child_n of_o nature_n whereas_o it_o be_v the_o best_a title_n they_o have_v to_o true_a and_o solid_a learning_n sus_n minervam_fw-la 8._o all_o conclusion_n be_v virtual_o in_o the_o premise_n for_o since_o the_o premise_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o middle_a term_n and_o the_o right_n place_v of_o it_o have_v in_o they_o the_o whole_a force_n of_o the_o consequence_n and_o the_o consequence_n can_v be_v of_o nothing_o but_o must_v be_v of_o some_o determinate_a proposition_n which_o can_v be_v nothing_o but_o the_o conclusion_n it_o follow_v that_o all_o conclusion_n be_v virtual_o in_o the_o premise_n again_o since_o before_o we_o conclude_v determinate_o and_o express_o we_o must_v know_v what_o to_o conclude_v and_o we_o know_v what_o to_o conclude_v by_o know_v the_o premise_n and_o the_o conclusion_n be_v that_o proposition_n which_o be_v to_o be_v conclude_v it_o follow_v evident_o that_o since_o we_o know_v the_o conclusion_n ever_o we_o actual_o infer_v and_o express_v it_o to_o be_v in_o the_o premise_n it_o be_v there_o virtual_o 9_o all_o deduce_v truth_n be_v virtual_o in_o one_o another_o for_o since_o all_o deduce_v truth_n be_v conclusion_n and_o the_o conclusion_n be_v virtual_o in_o the_o premise_n and_o the_o same_o reason_n hold_v for_o all_o the_o follow_a conclusion_n as_o for_o the_o first_o or_o for_o one_o single_a one_o it_o follow_v that_o let_v there_o be_v never_o so_o many_o orderly-succeeding_a syllogism_n necessary_a to_o prove_v any_o point_n the_o conclusion_n be_v still_o in_o the_o premise_n and_o the_o follow_v one_o in_o those_o that_o go_v before_o they_o 10._o all_o truth_n be_v virtual_o in_o the_o identical_a proposition_n and_o consequent_o in_o the_o definition_n for_o since_o all_o truth_n be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o from_o their_o metaphysical_a verity_n and_o consequent_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n fundamental_o and_o this_o be_v contain_a and_o express_v in_o the_o whole_a by_o identical_a proposition_n and_o in_o all_o its_o part_n by_o the_o definition_n it_o follow_v that_o all_o truth_n be_v virtual_o contain_v in_o identical_a proposition_n and_o consequent_o in_o the_o definition_n 11._o from_o what_o be_v late_o say_v it_o be_v evince_v that_o if_o a_o middle_a term_n be_v take_v which_o be_v a_o proper_a cause_n or_o proper_a effect_n the_o conclusion_n be_v see_v to_o be_v in_o the_o premise_n for_o though_o the_o proper_a cause_n and_o effect_n be_v not_o the_o very_a essence_n of_o the_o thing_n yet_o since_o a_o effect_n be_v a_o participation_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o so_o be_v apt_a to_o manifest_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o proper_a cause_n that_o produce_v it_o and_o the_o operation_n of_o a_o proper_a cause_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o 7._o existence_n of_o such_o a_o cause_n which_o be_v suitable_a to_o its_o essence_n imprint_v upon_o the_o patient_n hence_o such_o medium_n do_v demonstrable_o and_o mutual_o infer_v one_o another_o and_o therefore_o nothing_o hinder_v but_o that_o the_o conclusion_n may_v be_v see_v to_o be_v in_o the_o premise_n as_o well_o in_o such_o syllogism_n as_o in_o those_o which_o have_v a_o essential_a notion_n for_o their_o middle_a term._n 12._o hence_o all_o natural_a truth_n and_o this_o throughout_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o nature_n from_o the_o very_a creation_n be_v virtual_o in_o one_o another_o for_o since_o as_o will_v be_v more_o clear_o see_v hereafter_o all_o those_o natural_a effect_n be_v demonstrative_a of_o their_o proper_a cause_n and_o those_o cause_n demonstrative_a of_o their_o proper_a effect_n and_o this_o from_o the_o first_o start_v of_o nature_n into_o motion_n and_o so_o be_v apt_a to_o infer_v one_o another_o all_o along_o that_o be_v new_a conclusion_n be_v still_o apt_a to_o spring_v from_o such_o middle_a term_n connect_v with_o the_o two_o extreme_n in_o the_o premise_n and_o consequent_o the_o truth_n of_o those_o conclusion_n be_v all_o along_o virtual_o in_o those_o several_a premise_n it_o follow_v that_o all_o natural_a truth_n be_v in_o one_o another_o and_o this_o throughout_o the_o whole_a series_n or_o course_n of_o nature_n from_o the_o very_a creation_n 13._o hence_o have_v we_o live_v in_o every_o place_n and_o in_o every_o part_n of_o time_n where_o and_o when_o those_o several_a cause_n wrought_v those_o several_a effect_n and_o have_v be_v endow_v with_o capacity_n sufficient_a for_o such_o a_o performance_n and_o not_o be_v divert_v with_o other_o thought_n from_o application_n to_o that_o work_n we_o may_v have_v actual_o demonstrate_v those_o effect_n by_o their_o proper_a cause_n or_o those_o cause_n by_o their_o proper_a effect_n through_o the_o whole_a series_n or_o course_n of_o the_o world_n from_o the_o begin_n to_o the_o end_n except_o miracle_n have_v alter_v that_o natural_a course_n for_o in_o that_o case_n all_o those_o subject_n have_v afford_v we_o matter_n or_o fit_a medium_n for_o demonstration_n as_o well_o as_o any_o single_a subject_n do_v now_o wherefore_o if_o we_o have_v have_v wit_n enough_o to_o demonstrate_v as_o aforesaid_a and_o that_o wit_n sufficient_o apply_v in_o every_o circumstance_n it_o have_v be_v do_v 14._o hence_o every_o soul_n separate_v from_o the_o body_n that_o know_v any_o one_o natural_a truth_n know_v all_o nature_n and_o this_o all_o at_o once_o at_o the_o first_o instant_a of_o her_o separation_n for_o since_o all_o nature_n be_v carry_v on_o by_o proper_a cause_n and_o proper_a effect_n and_o those_o mutual_o infer_v one_o another_o that_o be_v the_o truth_n ground_v on_o the_o one_o be_v see_v to_o be_v in_o the_o truth_n ground_v on_o the_o other_o as_o be_v virtual_o in_o one_o another_o and_o we_o experience_n that_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o soul_n to_o know_v truth_n be_v not_o
the_o method_n to_o science_n by_o i._n s._n london_n print_v by_o w._n redmayne_n for_o the_o author_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o thomas_n metcalf_n bookseller_n over_o against_o earl's-court_n in_o drury-lane_n 1696._o book_n i._o of_o the_o first_o operation_n of_o our_o understanding_n lesle_n 1._o of_o notion_n or_o the_o very_a first_o ground_n on_o which_o all_o science_n be_v build_v lesle_n 2._o of_o the_o distinction_n of_o natural_a notion_n and_o of_o the_o reduce_v they_o under_o ten_o common_a head_n p._n 10_o less_o 3._o how_o these_o common_a head_n of_o notion_n be_v to_o be_v divide_v and_o of_o the_o common_a head_n of_o substance_n p._n 25_o â—ess_n 4._o some_o consideration_n belong_v to_o those_o head_n of_o notion_n or_o to_o the_o ten_o predicament_n in_o common_a p._n 36_o â—ess_n 5._o of_o the_o common_a head_n call_v quantity_n p._n 50_o â—ess_n 6._o of_o the_o common_a head_n of_o quality_n p._n 60_o â—ess_n 7._o of_o the_o common_a head_n of_o relation_n p._n 71_o less_o 8._o of_o the_o common_a head_n of_o action_n and_o passion_n p._n 81_o less_o 9_o of_o the_o common_a head_n of_o ubi_fw-la or_o where_o p._n 89_o less_o 10._o of_o the_o common_a head_n oâ—_n quando_fw-la or_o when_o p._n 9â—_n less_o 11._o of_o the_o expression_n of_o ouâ—_n notion_n by_o word_n p._n 100_o book_n ii_o of_o the_o second_o operation_n oâ—_n our_o understanding_n or_o judgement_n lesle_n 1._o of_o the_o nature_n of_o judgement_n or_o proposition_n common_a of_o their_o part_n of_o 〈◊〉_d ground_n of_o their_o verification_n 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o several_a manner_n of_o predicate_v p._n 11â—_n less_o 2._o of_o self-evident_a proposition_n first_o principle_n p._n 1st_a lesle_n 3._o that_o first_o principle_n be_v ideâ—â—tical_a proposition_n prove_v by_o instaâ—â—ces_n the_o use_n that_o be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o they_o also_o of_o some_o other_o proposition_n either_o in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n formal_o identical_a and_o of_o the_o reduce_v of_o inferior_a truth_n to_o self-evident_a proposition_n p._n 15â—_n less_o 4._o of_o the_o generate_a of_o knowledge_n in_o we_o and_o of_o the_o method_n how_o this_o be_v perform_v p._n 163_o book_n iii_o of_o the_o three_o operation_n of_o our_o understanding_n discourse_n and_o of_o the_o effect_n and_o defect_n of_o it_o lesle_n 1._o of_o artificial_a discourse_n the_o force_n of_o consequence_n and_o of_o the_o only_a right_a figure_n of_o a_o syllogism_n p._n 225_o less_o 2._o of_o the_o several_a manner_n or_o mood_n of_o a_o syllogism_n and_o of_o the_o law_n of_o conclude_v p._n 235_o less_o 3._o of_o the_o matter_n of_o a_o conclusive_a syllogism_n or_o what_o middle_a term_n be_v proper_a for_o demonstration_n p._n 248_o less_o 4._o how_o every_o truth_n be_v to_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o identical_a proposition_n and_o consequent_o every_o error_n to_o a_o contradiction_n what_o consequence_n follow_v thence_o of_o one_o truth_n be_v in_o another_o and_o of_o the_o science_n of_o pure_a spirit_n p._n 261_o less_o 5._o of_o other_o medium_n for_o demonstration_n from_o the_o four_o cause_n p._n 272_o less_o 6._o several_a instance_n of_o demonstration_n p._n 288_o less_o 7._o other_o instance_n of_o demonstration_n p._n 302_o advertisement_n p._n 316_o less_o 8._o of_o opinion_n and_o faith_n p._n 322_o less_o 9_o of_o assent_n suspense_n certainty_n and_o uncertainty_n p._n 344_o less_o 10._o of_o disputation_n and_o paralogism_n p._n 356_o appendix_n p._n 374_o the_o errata_n in_o the_o preface_n pref_n p._n 26._o l._n 15._o out_o of_o p._n 28._o l._n 19_o cast_v about_o p._n 46._o l._n 19_o the_o cartesian_a correction_n of_o the_o errata_fw-la page_n 5._o line_n 8._o only_o which_o p._n 18._o l._n 10._o as_o be_v p._n 21._o l._n 18._o that_o motion_n p._n 62._o l._n 6._o most_o near_o p._n 69._o l._n 23._o but_o their_o p._n 75._o l._n 1._o become_v p._n 77._o l._n 6._o have_v beside_o p._n 106._o l._n 2._o false_a p._n 107._o l._n 17._o proposition_n p._n 122._o l._n 31._o a_o whole_a p._n 128._o l._n 12._o sophroniscus_n p._n 147._o l._n 18._o make_v p._n 236._o l._n 16._o proposition_n be_v identical_a p._n 245._o l._n 27._o &_o nunc_fw-la p._n 250._o l._n 5._o that_o can_v p._n 255._o l._n 7._o sensitivum_fw-la p._n 257._o l._n 30._o it_o be_v evident_o p._n 258._o l._n ult_n basis._n p._n 270._o l._n 31._o at_o one_o p._n 273._o l._n 33._o est_fw-la of_o p._n 281._o l._n 27._o be_v a_o kind_n p._n 301._o l._n 1._o cause_o of_o p._n 308._o l._n 20._o exercise_n it_o be_v p._n 311._o l._n 25._o there_o p._n 318._o l._n 18._o frailty_n which_o p._n 321._o l._n 23._o all_o own_o p._n 322._o l._n 3._o main_a p._n 326._o l._n 1._o what_o be_v be_v p._n 354._o l._n 20._o erroneous_a p._n 362._o l._n 13._o he_o be_v not_o p._n 364._o l._n 30._o grammatical_a p._n 369._o l._n 13._o the_o six_o p._n 370._o l._n 34._o a_o proud_a p._n 381._o l._n 17._o with_o no._n p._n 388._o l._n 3._o to_o be_v p._n 393._o l._n 19_o give_v p._n 414._o l._n 26._o very_o small_a p._n 417._o l._n 22._o slender_z flexible_a and._n l._n 24._o contiguous_a p._n 419._o l._n 25._o art_n p._n 424._o l._n 18._o be_v it_o p._n 425._o l._n 13._o so_o they_o l._n 16._o do_v p._n 427._o l._n 7._o lock_n p._n 273._o l._n 17._o and_o see_v p._n 396._o l._n 21._o that_o be_v '_o it_o be_v preface_n dedicatory_a to_o the_o learned_a student_n of_o both_o our_o university_n reason_n be_v man_n nature_n and_o the_o proper_a act_n of_o reason_n the_o deduce_v evident_o new_a knowledge_n out_o of_o antecedent_n one_o it_o may_v seem_v wonderful_a that_o mankind_n after_o the_o use_v their_o reason_n and_o dispute_v so_o long_a time_n shall_v still_o disagree_v in_o their_o sentiment_n and_o contradict_v one_o another_o in_o infer_v their_o conclusion_n so_o that_o those_o who_o be_v fame_v for_o the_o great_a philosopher_n do_v still_o remain_v in_o perpetual_a and_o as_o far_o as_o it_o can_v be_v discern_v endless_a and_o irreconcilable_a variance_n and_o dissension_n about_o their_o tenet_n it_o seem_v to_o shock_v the_o very_a definition_n of_o man_n and_o to_o lay_v in_o some_o sort_n a_o scandal_n upon_o creative_a wisdom_n itself_o that_o whereas_o all_o other_o creature_n do_v arrive_v at_o the_o natural_a end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v make_v mankind_n alone_o nay_o the_o noble_a portion_n of_o that_o kind_a who_o cultivate_v their_o thought_n with_o the_o most_o exact_a care_n that_o may_v be_v shall_v still_o miss_v of_o reason_v right_o and_o so_o fall_v short_a of_o true_a knowledge_n which_o be_v their_o natural_a perfection_n what_o tree_n but_o bear_v the_o fruit_n proper_a to_o its_o kind_a or_o what_o cause_n in_o the_o world_n but_o produce_v such_o effect_n as_o be_v suitable_a to_o its_o nature_n and_o though_o by_o the_o interfering_n of_o cross-agent_n there_o happen_v now_o and_o then_o a_o deficiency_n in_o some_o very_o few_o particular_n yet_o that_o defect_n be_v never_o find_v in_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o species_n for_o chance_n will_v not_o be_v chance_n if_o it_o do_v come_v near_o the_o reach_a a_o universality_n whereas_o mankind_n in_o its_o whole_a latitude_n seem_v to_o fall_v short_a of_o improve_n itself_o in_o truth_n at_o least_o in_o gain_v certainty_n of_o it_o or_o if_o some_o have_v attain_v it_o yet_o the_o number_n of_o those_o right_a reasoner_n be_v so_o very_o inconsiderable_a that_o they_o be_v lose_v among_o the_o crowd_n of_o those_o who_o stray_v into_o error_n nor_o can_v those_o happy_a few_o who_o have_v light_a on_o it_o obtain_v quiet_a possession_n of_o what_o they_o have_v acquire_v but_o their_o title_n to_o it_o be_v perpetual_o dispute_v by_o great_a multitude_n of_o pretender_n who_o put_v in_o their_o claim_n and_o set_v up_o their_o plea_n for_o their_o opposite_a tenet_n whence_o our_o first_o enquiry_n ought_v to_o be_v how_o man_n nature_n come_v to_o be_v so_o disable_v from_o perform_v its_o primary_n operation_n or_o from_o reason_v right_o that_o so_o we_o may_v bethink_v ourselves_o by_o what_o mean_v it_o may_v if_o possible_a recover_v the_o true_a use_n of_o its_o natural_a faculty_n how_o it_o may_v be_v cure_v of_o the_o impotency_n it_o labour_v under_o and_o be_v free_v from_o those_o impediment_n which_o hinder_v it_o from_o act_v as_o it_o ought_v 2._o divine_n will_v tell_v we_o that_o this_o mischief_n happen_v through_o original_a sin_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v doubt_v but_o there_o be_v some_o truth_n in_o what_o they_o allege_v for_o questionless_a passion_n distort_v the_o understanding_n by_o the_o ascendent_n which_o the_o deprave_a will_n have_v over_o it_o in_o such_o concern_v as_o the_o will_n be_v addict_v to_o and_o have_v espouse_v a_o interest_n in_o but_o this_o
to_o travel_v to_o london_n though_o he_o have_v both_o clear_a eye_n and_o strong_a leg_n and_o employ_v both_o of_o they_o to_o his_o utmost_a shall_v ever_o arrive_v at_o his_o journey_n be_v end_v if_o he_o do_v not_o take_v the_o right_a way_n to_o it_o so_o it_o be_v equal_o impossible_a any_o man_n shall_v arrive_v at_o science_n if_o he_o take_v not_o the_o right_a method_n or_o way_n to_o attain_v it_o though_o he_o have_v never_o so_o clear_a a_o natural_a wit_n and_o a_o strong_a brain_n and_o labour_n never_o so_o industrious_o to_o make_v use_n of_o both_o to_o his_o best_a advantage_n providence_n therefore_o be_v justify_v and_o the_o ability_n of_o our_o natural_a faculty_n assert_v and_o the_o blame_v lie_v whole_o at_o the_o door_n of_o the_o person_n who_o do_v not_o first_o apply_v their_o thought_n to_o know_v the_o way_n to_o truth_n ever_o they_o set_v forward_o in_o quest_n of_o it_o but_o chief_o in_o those_o who_o pretend_v to_o be_v guide_n to_o other_o and_o yet_o be_v themselves_o ignorant_a of_o the_o method_n that_o can_v bring_v man_n to_o it_o mathematician_n take_v the_o way_n and_o so_o arrive_v at_o it_o other_o a_o very_a few_o exeept_v do_v not_o take_v it_o and_o therefore_o miss_v of_o it_o whence_o we_o may_v establish_v this_o fundamental_a and_o most_o useful_a maxim_n that_o the_o first_o and_o chief_a study_n of_o those_o who_o pursue_v true_a knowledge_n in_o philosophy_n be_v to_o apply_v their_o industry_n to_o comprehend_v the_o method_n or_o way_n to_o it_o that_o if_o they_o find_v not_o that_o their_o most_o earnest_a study_n be_v lose_v labour_n but_o that_o have_v once_o find_v it_o they_o can_v doubt_v of_o compass_v their_o end_n by_o use_v such_o proper_a mean_n but_o be_v not_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o method_n insuperable_o hard_a to_o be_v attain_v for_o if_o it_o be_v we_o be_v never_o the_o near_o but_o still_o at_o the_o same_o loss_n to_o give_v a_o stop_n to_o such_o a_o apprehension_n i_o must_v avow_v that_o no_o part_n of_o mathematics_n be_v more_o demonstrable_a than_o be_v the_o way_n to_o demonstrate_v or_o the_o method_n to_o science_n nature_n as_o we_o experience_v give_v we_o our_o notion_n on_o which_o as_o on_o its_o element_n all_o science_n be_v ground_v to_o make_v these_o clear_a and_o distinct_a we_o can_v distribute_v they_o under_o common_a head_n and_o divide_v those_o head_n by_o intrinsecal_n difference_n or_o such_o as_o be_v proper_a to_o each_o of_o they_o till_o we_o come_v to_o the_o notion_n we_o be_v to_o discourse_v of_o while_o we_o thus_o divide_v they_o we_o at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o with_o the_o same_o labour_n frame_v denition_n of_o each_o notion_n comprehend_v under_o those_o respective_a head_n by_o do_v which_o we_o gain_v a_o distinct_a and_o clear_a conception_n of_o they_o which_o do_v to_o a_o fair_a degree_n facilitate_v our_o judge_n whether_o such_o or_o such_o of_o they_o may_v be_v with_o truth_n connect_v in_o proposition_n or_o in_o such_o speech_n as_o affirm_v or_o deny_v in_o which_o truth_n do_v formal_o consist_v to_o do_v this_o more_o exact_o we_o consider_v that_o those_o proposition_n must_v either_o be_v such_o as_o show_v of_o themselves_o that_o the_o two_o notion_n call_v it_o term_n must_v be_v connect_v and_o then_o they_o be_v self-connected_n or_o self-evident_a or_o else_o they_o need_v to_o be_v show_v connect_v by_o mean_n of_o some_o other_o notion_n which_o be_v connect_v with_o they_o both_o to_o show_v which_o we_o call_v prove_v those_o of_o the_o former_a sort_n if_o perfect_o such_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v first_o principle_n who_o nature_n as_o common_a sense_n tell_v we_o be_v not_o to_o need_v or_o admit_v of_o proof_n the_o connexion_n of_o the_o late_a sort_n be_v make_v know_v by_o proof_n or_o by_o their_o joint_a connexion_n with_o a_o three_o which_o we_o call_v the_o middle_a term_n medium_fw-la or_o argument_n to_o do_v which_o be_v the_o proper_a work_n of_o discourse_n or_o ratiocination_n these_o three_o term_n right_o place_v or_o put_v together_o compound_v that_o most_o close_a and_o exact_a discourse_n call_v a_o syllogism_n certain_a and_o most_o evident_a rule_n may_v be_v assign_v how_o to_o place_v those_o three_o term_n in_o the_o two_o first_o proposition_n so_o as_o that_o discourse_n may_v be_v most_o clear_a and_o perspicuous_a as_o also_o how_o to_o find_v out_o such_o a_o middle_a term_n as_o be_v proper_a to_o connect_v the_o other_o two_o who_o connexion_n or_o truth_n be_v under_o dispute_n and_o to_o show_v the_o force_n of_o the_o consequence_n and_o why_o a_o new_a proposition_n call_v the_o conclusion_n must_v most_o necessary_o follow_v out_o of_o the_o former_a one_o all_o which_o be_v demonstrate_v as_o i_o have_v reason_n to_o presume_v be_v do_v in_o this_o follow_a treatise_n and_o the_o equivocation_n of_o the_o word_n that_o express_v our_o notion_n be_v avoid_v i_o see_v not_o what_o more_o can_v be_v substantial_o necessary_a to_o the_o method_n to_o science_n for_o our_o notion_n be_v clear_v first_o principle_n establish_v the_o true_a form_n of_o a_o syllogism_n manifest_v proper_a middle_a term_n find_v and_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o consequence_n evidence_v all_o those_o conclusion_n may_v be_v deduce_v with_o demonstrative_a evidence_n which_o lie_v within_o our_o ken_n or_o which_o we_o can_v have_v occasion_n to_o inquire_v after_o that_o be_v all_o that_o we_o have_v notion_n of_o provide_v those_o notion_n be_v not_o mere_o accidental_a or_o very_o remote_a from_o one_o another_o and_o therefore_o incapable_a of_o be_v connect_v yet_o still_o there_o be_v one_o difficulty_n that_o stick_v and_o lie_v in_o our_o way_n and_o which_o be_v more_o seem_v hard_a to_o be_v remove_v for_o logic_n or_o the_o art_n of_o reason_v right_o be_v the_o skill_n which_o be_v to_o teach_v we_o this_o method_n to_o science_n and_o so_o many_o logick_n be_v write_v by_o learned_a man_n and_o study_v by_o such_o multitude_n how_o come_v it_o that_o notwithstanding_o such_o help_n man_n do_v still_o differ_v in_o their_o tenet_n that_o be_v many_o or_o most_o of_o they_o do_v still_o err_v as_o much_o as_o if_o they_o have_v never_o have_v such_o proper_a assistance_n for_o if_o logic_n show_v they_o the_o way_n to_o science_n and_o they_o take_v that_o way_n and_o have_v a_o natural_a ability_n to_o follow_v it_o or_o walk_v in_o it_o they_o must_v all_o arrive_v at_o science_n and_o their_o thought_n centre_n in_o the_o same_o truth_n without_o any_o disagreement_n the_o contrary_a to_o which_o we_o do_v notwithstanding_o experience_n to_o give_v a_o answer_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v be_v hard_o put_v to_o it_o how_o to_o bear_v myself_o between_o the_o two_o extreme_n of_o modesty_n dissimulation_n and_o boast_v for_o if_o i_o grant_v those_o logick_n be_v as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v that_o be_v full_a and_o evident_a and_o follow_v by_o man_n of_o divers_a sentiment_n i_o must_v confess_v i_o know_v not_o how_o to_o reply_v or_o solve_v the_o objection_n on_o the_o other_o side_n to_o condemn_v all_o the_o logick_n since_o aristotle_n time_n or_o all_o logick_n which_o be_v not_o according_a to_o his_o ground_n be_v to_o set_v up_o ourselves_o and_o savour_v of_o arrogancy_n in_o this_o porplexity_n i_o have_v no_o way_n to_o secure_v myself_o but_o to_o speak_v the_o plain_a truth_n and_o to_o hope_v it_o will_v bear_v i_o out_o i_o must_v then_o in_o behalf_n of_o truth_n declare_v that_o the_o pretend_a logick_n themselves_o be_v in_o the_o great_a fault_n for_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o observe_v that_o they_o do_v indeed_o give_v many_o dry_a and_o unproved_a rule_n and_o maxim_n they_o afford_v many_o definition_n some_o right_n some_o wrong_n be_v oftentimes_o illogical_a and_o frame_v out_o of_o fancy_n they_o pester_v their_o book_n with_o many_o unnecessary_a division_n and_o subdivision_n they_o treat_v very_o large_o of_o the_o predicament_n of_o single_a opposite_a and_o aequipollent_a proposition_n they_o be_v prolix_a and_o superfluous_a in_o their_o doctrine_n about_o syllogism_n their_o mood_n figure_n several_a sort_n of_o idle_a fallacy_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o look_v very_o learned_a to_o new_a beginner_n who_o do_v therefore_o take_v much_o pain_n to_o lay_v they_o up_o in_o their_o memory_n i_o say_v in_o their_o memory_n for_o none_o of_o those_o passage_n be_v demonstrate_v they_o never_o sink_v into_o or_o settle_v in_o their_o reason_n and_o therefore_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o when_o they_o have_v as_o it_o be_v get_v without_o book_n all_o these_o particular_n the_o reader_n be_v no_o wise_a how_o to_o demonstrate_v any_o point_n practical_o or_o how_o to_o set_v himself_o about_o it_o than_o he_o be_v before_o he_o read_v those_o treatise_n i_o
purpose_n be_v his_o many_o distinction_n of_o his_o proposition_n especial_o those_o he_o call_v exponibiles_fw-la let_v but_o the_o learner_n know_v certain_o and_o liquid_o what_o be_v the_o subject_a and_o predicate_v in_o any_o proposition_n which_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o copula_fw-la that_o be_v to_o come_v between_o they_o and_o unite_v they_o and_o have_v a_o care_n that_o the_o word_n that_o express_v they_o be_v univocal_a he_o will_v be_v furnish_v with_o mean_n to_o see_v the_o form_n of_o connexion_n which_o be_v essential_a to_o a_o proposition_n and_o be_v only_o conducive_a to_o science_n which_o whole_o consist_v in_o the_o connexion_n of_o term_n his_o chief_a misfortune_n be_v that_o he_o do_v not_o seem_v either_o at_o the_o beginning_n or_o in_o the_o process_n of_o his_o book_n to_o know_v at_o least_o to_o build_v upon_o this_o truth_n and_o stand_v to_o it_o that_o our_o notion_n or_o as_o the_o modern_n have_v take_v a_o toy_n to_o call_v 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understand_v and_o be_v more_o useful_a to_o true_a philosophy_n than_o all_o the_o other_o maxim_n that_o do_v not_o proceed_v upon_o it_o and_o suppose_v it_o which_o yet_o i_o see_v the_o goodness_n of_o nature_n intimate_v to_o many_o and_o force_v they_o to_o ground_v their_o discourse_n on_o it_o practical_o even_o though_o while_o they_o speculate_v they_o deny_v it_o or_o at_o least_o seem_v to_o doubt_v of_o it_o or_o disregard_n it_o observe_v therefore_o this_o great_a want_n under_o which_o philosophy_n which_o be_v the_o study_n of_o truth_n labour_v i_o have_v out_o of_o my_o true_a zeal_n of_o improve_n science_n and_o beat_v down_o scepticism_n the_o profess_a patron_n of_o ignorance_n and_o covert_a parent_n of_o all_o irreligion_n hazard_v the_o opinion_n of_o singularity_n in_o endeavour_v to_o write_v and_o publish_v a_o demonstrative_a logic_n at_o least_o i_o have_v give_v such_o reason_n quite_o through_o it_o as_o i_o judge_v to_o be_v clear_a and_o conclusive_a in_o every_o piece_n of_o it_o that_o have_v any_o influence_n upon_o scientifical_a knowledge_n what_o my_o reader_n may_v expect_v from_o i_o be_v this_o i_o begin_v with_o our_o natural_a notion_n the_o bottom-ground_n of_o all_o our_o knowledge_n i_o show_v they_o to_o be_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n who_o metaphysical_a verity_n be_v establish_v by_o creative_a wisdom_n do_v consequent_o give_v stability_n and_o solidity_n to_o all_o our_o discourse_n that_o be_v build_v on_o they_o i_o distribute_v those_o natural_a notion_n under_o those_o several_a common_a head_n and_o manifest_v why_o there_o must_v be_v so_o many_o and_o no_o 〈◊〉_d show_v how_o their_o definition_n be_v to_o be_v frame_v which_o make_v our_o conception_n of_o theâ—_n 〈◊〉_d and_o distinct._n i_o lie_v rule_n to_o escape_v 〈◊〉_d snare_n which_o equivocal_a word_n lie_v 〈…〉_z way_n while_o we_o be_v discourse_v i_o show_v â—he_n reason_n of_o all_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n in_o connected_a notion_n or_o proposition_n which_o if_o self-evident_a and_o identical_a have_v title_n to_o be_v first_o principle_n as_o from_o many_o head_n i_o demonstrate_v i_o trace_v nature_n in_o all_o those_o nice_a and_o immediate_a step_n she_o take_v to_o generate_v knowledge_n in_o we_o at_o first_o come_v to_o those_o proposition_n that_o need_v proof_n and_o the_o way_n of_o prove_v they_o i_o lay_v open_a the_o fundamental_a ground_n of_o the_o force_n of_o consequence_n which_o give_v the_o nerve_n to_o every_o act_n of_o true_a reason_v and_o of_o the_o certainty_n and_o evidence_n of_o every_o conclusion_n which_o we_o right_o infer_v to_o perform_v which_o i_o manifest_a that_o there_o can_v be_v but_o one_o necessary_a or_o natural_a figure_n of_o a_o syllogism_n and_o but_o four_o mood_n of_o that_o figure_n i_o lay_v down_o and_o fix_v the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o conclude_v i_o evidence_n the_o nature_n of_o that_o three_o notion_n or_o middle_a term_n by_o the_o connexion_n of_o which_o with_o the_o two_o term_n of_o the_o thesis_n to_o be_v prove_v they_o must_v inevitable_o be_v join_v with_o one_o another_o and_o so_o the_o thesis_n itself_o must_v be_v right_o conclude_v and_o therefore_o infallible_o true_a i_o show_v how_o to_o find_v out_o a_o middle_a term_n fit_a for_o our_o purpose_n and_o thence_o prepare_v the_o way_n for_o demonstration_n i_o lay_v open_a how_o every_o truth_n must_v have_v at_o the_o bottom_n a_o identical_a proposition_n and_o every_o error_n a_o contradiction_n as_o their_o first_o principle_n and_o how_o they_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o those_o principle_n of_o they_o to_o do_v which_o though_o more_o laborious_a be_v the_o best_a way_n of_o demonstrate_v i_o manifest_a thence_o how_o one_o truth_n be_v in_o another_o and_o what_o strange_a consequence_n follow_v thence_o also_o how_o middle_a term_n proper_a for_o demonstration_n may_v be_v take_v from_o all_o the_o four_o cause_n to_o clear_v better_o the_o notion_n of_o science_n i_o treat_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o opinion_n and_o human_n faith_n their_o ground_n and_o how_o the_o former_a of_o these_o two_o last_o deviate_n from_o right_a reason_n and_o when_o the_o late_a do_v or_o do_v not_o then_o i_o consider_v the_o effect_n issue_v from_o all_o sort_n of_o proof_n viz._n assent_n suspense_n certainty_n and_o uncertainty_n and_o to_o put_v in_o practice_n myself_o what_o i_o do_v persuade_v and_o recommend_v to_o other_o i_o add_v seven_o demonstration_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a thesis_n in_o divers_a science_n and_o last_o i_o lay_v open_a the_o way_n and_o method_n of_o disputation_n and_o detect_v the_o weak_a stratagem_n and_o inefficacious_a attacques_n of_o fallacy_n or_o paralogism_n this_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o my_o endeavour_n in_o common_a but_o beside_o these_o many_o particular_a knowledge_n light_a in_o on_o the_o by_o and_o as_o i_o hope_v very_o useful_a one_o which_o it_o will_v be_v tedious_a to_o enumerate_v the_o manner_n i_o use_v to_o carry_v on_o the_o scheme_n of_o my_o doctrine_n be_v not_o to_o propose_v my_o conception_n magisterial_o or_o to_o expect_v any_o one_o shall_v assent_v to_o the_o least_o tittle_n of_o what_o i_o say_v upon_o my_o word_n but_o i_o offer_v my_o reason_n for_o every_o paragraph_n i_o advance_v if_o it_o can_v be_v conceive_v to_o need_v any_o by_o do_v which_o i_o speak_v to_o the_o reason_n of_o my_o reader_n and_o withal_o i_o expose_v myself_o to_o the_o severe_a examination_n of_o the_o most_o acute_a and_o judicious_a wit_n of_o which_o i_o doubt_v not_o there_o be_v multitude_n in_o those_o seminary_n of_o learning_n our_o two_o famous_a university_n to_o who_o i_o humble_o dedicate_v this_o small_a present_n i_o neither_o strive_v to_o ingratiate_v myself_o by_o my_o style_n nor_o to_o surprise_v any_o by_o plausible_a discourse_n much_o less_o to_o impose_v upon_o their_o understanding_n by_o voluntary_a supposition_n i_o draw_v now_o and_o then_o divers_a useful_a corollary_n and_o some_o that_o will_v seem_v i_o doubt_v not_o paradoxical_a that_o so_o i_o may_v carry_v on_o my_o doctrine_n to_o far_a consequence_n and_o show_v withal_o to_o what_o unthought-of_a conclusion_n reason_n will_v lead_v we_o if_o we_o follow_v she_o close_o and_o home_o nor_o be_o i_o ashamed_a to_o declare_v open_o that_o i_o hold_v that_o the_o chief_a end_n of_o science_n be_v to_o beget_v virtue_n and_o not_o only_o to_o raise_v we_o to_o high_a contemplation_n but_o also_o to_o comfort_v and_o strengthen_v divine_a faith_n in_o we_o and_o to_o make_v it_o more_o lively_a and_o operative_a whence_o i_o have_v take_v occasion_n to_o excite_v my_o reader_n be_v devotion_n out_o of_o the_o reflection_n on_o divers_a point_n that_o seem_v of_o themselves_o to_o be_v but_o dry_a speculation_n make_v account_n that_o good_a thought_n arise_v upon_o the_o spot_n but_o of_o truth_n new_o clear_v to_o our_o
than_o this_o which_o be_v or_o shall_v be_v the_o chief_a subject_n of_o their_o physics_n i_o shall_v dare_v to_o affirm_v that_o they_o be_v in_o plain_a term_n most_o ridiculous_a and_o most_o unintelligible_a foppery_n as_o i_o have_v show_v at_o large_a in_o my_o appendix_n and_o indeed_o how_o shall_v we_o make_v any_o clear_a idea_n of_o their_o matter_n when_o themselves_o speak_v contradiction_n concern_v it_o as_o may_v be_v see_v hereafter_o p._n 417._o where_o i_o shall_v hope_v i_o have_v demonstrate_v that_o their_o force_a silence_n open_v prevarication_n and_o perfect_a inconsistency_n in_o tell_v we_o the_o intrinsical_v nature_n of_o that_o first_o matter_n of_o they_o have_v render_v they_o utter_o incapable_a of_o explicate_v any_o body_n in_o nature_n nor_o can_v we_o need_v any_o great_a confirmation_n that_o their_o natural_a philosophy_n be_v utter_o unprincipled_a and_o unaccountable_a in_o the_o most_o essential_a part_n of_o it_o than_o to_o observe_v that_o neither_o cartesius_n himself_o nor_o regius_n rohault_n regis_n le_fw-fr grand_fw-fr nor_o any_o of_o that_o school_n i_o have_v meet_v with_o have_v as_o i_o must_v think_v be_v able_a to_o give_v we_o any_o light_n of_o it_o since_o they_o neither_o attempt_v nor_o mention_v it_o which_o show_v they_o be_v at_o a_o utter_a loss_n about_o the_o primordial_a constitution_n of_o their_o first_o matter_n of_o which_o notwithstanding_o they_o acknowledge_v all_o their_o three_o element_n and_o consequent_o all_o nature_n be_v make_v these_o few_o particular_n omit_v innumerable_a other_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o hint_n to_o show_v that_o the_o method_n to_o science_n which_o the_o great_a cartesius_n follow_v be_v utter_o incompetent_a to_o attain_v it_o and_o that_o the_o scheme_n of_o his_o doctrine_n be_v mere_o a_o piece_n of_o wit._n that_o which_o give_v it_o most_o credit_n be_v that_o his_o supposition_n grant_v he_o proceed_v consequent_o in_o the_o subsequent_a part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v pure_o mathematical_a but_o what_o signify_v that_o if_o he_o neither_o observe_v true_a logic_n in_o lay_v his_o principle_n nor_o nature_n in_o his_o physics_n which_o he_o can_v pretend_v to_o do_v unless_o he_o give_v we_o a_o particular_a account_n of_o the_o intrinsecal_n constitution_n of_o his_o first_o matter_n upon_o which_o all_o depend_v a_o task_n i_o say_v again_o his_o follower_n neither_o will_v ever_o attempt_v nor_o can_v possible_o perform_v by_o his_o principle_n as_o be_v show_v at_o large_a in_o my_o appendix_n yet_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o those_o kind_n of_o discourse_n be_v very_o plausible_a and_o take_v with_o the_o middling_a sort_n of_o reader_n and_o with_o such_o who_o be_v much_o please_v with_o a_o melodious_a gingle_n of_o word_n pretty_o lay_v together_o with_o neat_a eloquence_n acquaint_v wit_n and_o unusual_a remark_n for_o those_o kind_n of_o embellishment_n do_v divert_v the_o reader_n make_v the_o author_n pass_v for_o curious_a man_n and_o bear_v a_o fine_a appearance_n of_o truth_n till_o they_o come_v to_o be_v scan_v exact_o and_o grasp_v close_o by_o severe_a reason_n reduce_v they_o to_o principle_n and_o connexion_n of_o term_n which_o do_v it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o they_o afford_v to_o the_o learner_n who_o sincere_o seek_v for_o truth_n nothing_o but_o certain_a bright_a flash_n or_o coruscation_n which_o do_v indeed_o for_o a_o time_n dazzle_v the_o fancy_n but_o they_o settle_v in_o the_o judgement_n no_o constant_a steady_a light_n to_o direct_v they_o in_o their_o way_n to_o true_a science_n far_o i_o must_v declare_v for_o the_o honour_n of_o our_o english_a genius_n that_o though_o we_o do_v not_o match_v the_o french_a in_o the_o finery_n gaiety_n and_o neatness_n of_o their_o deliver_v their_o conception_n a_o talon_n in_o which_o they_o be_v very_o excellent_a any_o more_o than_o we_o do_v in_o our_o outward_a garb_n and_o dress_n yet_o that_o there_o be_v more_o solid_a production_n well_o build_v truth_n and_o more_o judicious_a and_o ingenious_a thought_n of_o his_o own_o in_o our_o learned_a countryman_n mr._n locke_n treatise_n entitle_v a_o essay_n concern_v human_a understanding_n than_o as_o far_o as_o i_o have_v observe_v be_v find_v in_o great_a multitude_n of_o such_o slight_a discourser_n put_v together_o we_o be_v come_v now_o to_o consider_v the_o other_o pretend_a method_n to_o science_n which_o be_v the_o way_n of_o experiment_n or_o induction_n concern_v which_o not_o to_o repeat_v what_o i_o have_v occasional_o by_o way_n of_o reason_n allege_v against_o it_o in_o my_o follow_a book_n i_o need_v say_v no_o more_o but_o that_o matter_n of_o fact_n show_v evident_o that_o this_o method_n alone_o and_o unassisted_a by_o principle_n be_v utter_o incompetent_a or_o unable_a to_o beget_v science_n for_o what_o one_o universal_a conclusion_n in_o natural_a philosophy_n in_o know_v which_o kind_n of_o truth_n science_n consist_v have_v be_v demonstrate_v by_o experiment_n since_o the_o the_o time_n that_o great_a man_n sir_n francis_n bacon_n write_v his_o natural_a history_n the_o very_a title_n of_o which_o laborious_a work_n show_v that_o himself_o do_v not_o think_v science_n be_v attainable_a by_o that_o method_n for_o if_o we_o reflect_v well_o on_o what_o manner_n such_o piece_n be_v write_v we_o shall_v find_v that_o it_o be_v as_o he_o call_v it_o mere_o historical_a and_o narrative_a of_o particular_a observation_n from_o which_o to_o deduce_v universal_a conclusion_n be_v against_o plain_a logic_n and_o common_a sense_n to_o aim_v at_o science_n by_o such_o a_o method_n may_v be_v resemble_v to_o the_o study_n of_o find_v out_o the_o philosopher_n stone_n the_o chemist_n light_v on_o many_o useful_a and_o promise_a thing_n by_o the_o way_n which_o feed_v he_o with_o false_a hope_n and_o decoy_n he_o far_o but_o he_o still_o fall_v short_a of_o his_o end_n what_o man_n of_o any_o past_a or_o of_o our_o present_a curious_a age_n do_v ever_o so_o excel_v in_o those_o industrious_a and_o ingenious_a researche_n as_o that_o honour_n of_o our_o nation_n the_o incomparable_a mr._n boyle_n yet_o after_o he_o have_v ransack_v all_o the_o hide_a recess_n of_o nature_n as_o far_o as_o that_o way_n can_v carry_v he_o he_o be_v still_o a_o sceptic_a in_o his_o principle_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n nor_o can_v with_o the_o utmost_a inquisitiveness_n practise_v by_o so_o great_a a_o wit_n arrive_v at_o any_o certain_a knowledge_n whether_o there_o be_v a_o vacuum_n or_o no_o and_o certain_o we_o can_v expect_v no_o science_n from_o such_o a_o method_n that_o can_v give_v we_o no_o certain_a knowledge_n whether_o in_o such_o a_o space_n there_o be_v something_o or_o nothing_o which_o of_o all_o other_o shall_v be_v the_o most_o easy_o distinguishable_a and_o knowable_a last_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o when_o a_o experiment_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o a_o matter_n of_o fact_n in_o nature_n be_v discover_v we_o be_v never_o the_o near_o know_v what_o be_v the_o proper_a cause_n of_o such_o a_o effect_n into_o which_o we_o may_v certain_o refund_v it_o which_o and_o only_o which_o be_v the_o work_n of_o science_n for_o gassendus_fw-la will_v explicate_v it_o according_a to_o his_o principle_n cartesius_n according_a to_o he_o the_o noble_a sir_n kenelin_n digby_n and_o his_o most_o learned_a master_n albius_n who_o i_o judge_v to_o have_v follow_v the_o true_a aristotelian_a principle_n according_a to_o they_o so_o that_o after_o all_o the_o assign_v the_o true_a natural_a cause_n for_o that_o effect_n and_o explicate_v it_o right_o must_v be_v decide_v by_o way_n of_o reason_n that_o be_v by_o demonstrate_v first_o who_o principle_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n be_v true_a and_o solid_a and_o only_o he_o or_o they_o who_o can_v approve_v their_o principle_n to_o be_v such_o can_v pretend_v to_o explicate_v that_o natural_a production_n right_a by_o resolve_v it_o into_o its_o proper_a cause_n or_o to_o have_v science_n how_o it_o be_v do_v and_o however_o the_o experimental_a man_n may_v be_v high_o commendable_a in_o other_o respect_n yet_o only_o those_o who_o can_v lay_v just_a claim_n to_o true_a principle_n and_o make_v out_o their_o title_n to_o they_o can_v be_v true_o hold_v natural_a philosopher_n which_o sufficient_o show_v that_o the_o way_n of_o experiment_n can_v be_v a_o true_a method_n to_o science_n but_o to_o leave_v other_o man_n fail_n and_o return_v home_o to_o myself_o to_o obviate_v the_o superficial_a way_n of_o reason_n so_o magnify_v by_o other_o speculater_n i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o take_v the_o quite_o contrary_a method_n and_o have_v lay_v my_o discourse_n as_o deep_a as_o i_o can_v possible_o and_o perhaps_o it_o will_v be_v think_v i_o have_v overdo_v in_o those_o about_o identical_a proposition_n for_o which_o yet_o i_o shall_v hope_v the_o reason_n i_o have_v give_v there_o for_o that_o
certain_a sense_n of_o word_n for_o critic_n do_v very_o frequent_o ground_v the_o sense_n of_o word_n upon_o etymology_n or_o the_o derivation_n of_o they_o from_o other_o word_n or_o else_o on_o the_o sense_n in_o which_o some_o few_o learned_a writer_n do_v take_v they_o both_o which_o be_v fallacious_a rule_n to_o know_v their_o sense_n certain_o the_o former_a because_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o word_n be_v impose_v and_o the_o sense_n itself_o of_o those_o word_n be_v many_o time_n different_a notion_n for_o example_n a_o stone_n as_o some_o of_o they_o tell_v we_o be_v in_o latin_a name_v lapis_n a_o laedendâ—_n pedes_fw-la but_o the_o notion_n or_o signification_n of_o that_o word_n be_v the_o very_a substance_n itself_o of_o such_o a_o body_n nor_o be_v the_o latter_a rule_n competent_a to_o give_v we_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o those_o word_n that_o express_v natural_a notion_n first_o because_o those_o learned_a man_n use_v to_o speak_v learned_o or_o rhetorical_o with_o trope_n and_o figure_n and_o affect_v to_o deliver_v their_o thought_n neat_o and_o fine_o with_o quaint_a phrase_n allusion_n metaphor_n and_o other_o knack_n of_o language_n all_o which_o be_v so_o many_o deviation_n from_o the_o natural_a manner_n of_o expression_n common_a to_o all_o mankind_n and_o consequent_o unsuitable_a to_o our_o natural_a conception_n beside_o that_o a_o few_o author_n suffice_v the_o critic_n to_o build_v their_o observation_n upon_o all_o which_o fall_v infinite_o short_a of_o that_o certainty_n and_o plainness_n which_o the_o common_a and_o constant_a use_n of_o the_o generality_n of_o mankind_n or_o the_o vulgar_a afford_v we_o 8._o equivocal_a word_n be_v either_o simple_o and_o absolute_o such_o which_o we_o call_v equivocal_a by_o chance_n or_o relative_o which_o we_o call_v equivocal_a by_o design_n absolute_o when_o there_o be_v no_o kind_n of_o reason_n or_o ground_n why_o the_o same_o word_n shall_v have_v two_o different_a sense_n as_o when_o far_a in_o english_a signify_v a_o great_a way_n in_o latin_a breadcorn_n or_o any_o word_n in_o one_o language_n happen_v mere_o casual_o to_o have_v a_o different_a signification_n in_o another_o in_o which_o sort_n of_o equivocation_n there_o can_v be_v no_o danger_n to_o science_n those_o two_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n be_v so_o vast_o disparate_a relative_o when_o there_o be_v some_o kind_n of_o ground_n why_o the_o same_o word_n shall_v be_v transfer_v from_o one_o notion_n to_o another_o and_o this_o may_v be_v do_v for_o two_o different_a reason_n one_o when_o it_o be_v refer_v to_o another_o for_o some_o connexion_n with_o they_o as_o cause_n and_o effect_v as_o when_o the_o word_n healthful_a which_o proper_o belong_v to_o a_o animal_n be_v transfer_v to_o meat_n because_o it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o health_n in_o the_o animal_n and_o to_o urine_n because_o it_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o its_o health_n and_o therefore_o a_o natural_a sign_n of_o it_o or_o as_o when_o we_o say_v there_o be_v much_o art_n in_o such_o a_o picture_n or_o poem_n it_o mean_v the_o effect_n of_o art_n for_o art_n in_o proper_a speech_n be_v to_o be_v find_v only_o in_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o artificer_n the_o other_o reason_n of_o the_o word_n be_v transfer_v from_o one_o to_o another_o and_o consequent_o refer_v back_o to_o it_o again_o be_v when_o this_o be_v do_v for_o some_o proportion_n or_o resemblance_n between_o they_o as_o when_o we_o say_v of_o a_o good_a governor_n that_o he_o be_v the_o pilot_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o steer_v it_o into_o a_o safe_a harbour_n and_o preserve_v it_o from_o split_v upon_o the_o rock_n of_o division_n where_o the_o word_n pilot_n which_o in_o the_o first_o and_o proper_a mean_v signify_v a_o director_n of_o a_o ship_n be_v transfer_v to_o a_o governor_n because_o he_o do_v the_o same_o in_o proportion_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n which_o the_o other_o do_v in_o a_o ship_n thus_o tranquillity_n which_o be_v proper_o say_v of_o the_o sea_n in_o a_o calm_a be_v transfer_v to_o a_o state_n or_o kingdom_n because_o its_o peaceable_a condition_n resemble_v or_o bear_v a_o kind_n of_o proportion_n to_o the_o undisturbed_a quiet_n find_v in_o a_o calm_a sea_n 9_o word_n transfer_v to_o another_o for_o some_o proportion_n or_o resemblance_n between_o they_o be_v call_v metaphor_n or_o metaphorical_a and_o the_o best_a metaphor_n be_v when_o the_o thing_n from_o which_o it_o be_v transfer_v be_v eminent_a under_o that_o notion_n we_o intend_v to_o express_v as_o when_o we_o call_v a_o valiant_a man_n a_o lion_n and_o a_o meek_a man_n a_o lamb_n because_o courage_n and_o mildness_n be_v eminent_a in_o those_o animal_n a_o continue_v metaphor_n be_v call_v a_o allegory_n as_o in_o the_o example_n late_o give_v the_o word_n pilot_n steer_v harbour_n split_v and_o rock_n be_v all_o metaphor_n and_o therefore_o the_o whole_a speech_n be_v allegorical_a 10._o there_o be_v no_o danger_n nor_o detriment_n to_o science_n that_o such_o word_n be_v use_v in_o common_a speech_n or_o loose_v rhetorical_a discourse_n but_o they_o be_v exceed_o pernicious_a to_o it_o when_o we_o be_v treat_v of_o dogmatical_a tenet_n and_o search_v for_o truth_n out_o of_o the_o word_n of_o write_a author_n for_o since_o those_o metaphor_n however_o they_o be_v true_a while_o understand_v to_o be_v mean_v in_o proportion_n and_o resemblance_n only_o yet_o be_v literal_o tal_n and_o in_o deliver_v doctrine_n or_o dogmatical_a tenet_n only_a litteral_n truth_n be_v aim_v at_o and_o if_o the_o reader_n happen_v to_o take_v a_o metaphorical_a expression_n for_o a_o literal_a one_o he_o will_v most_o certain_o embrace_v a_o error_n for_o a_o truth_n or_o if_o he_o take_v a_o word_n literal_o mean_v for_o a_o metaphor_n he_o will_v take_v a_o truth_n for_o a_o error_n hence_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v most_o pernicious_a to_o science_n not_o to_o distinguish_v between_o the_o metaphorical_a and_o literal_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n but_o mistake_v one_o for_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o unless_o some_o certain_a rule_n be_v establish_v by_o which_o we_o may_v be_v ascertain_v when_o write_a word_n be_v to_o be_v take_v literal_o when_o metaphorical_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v certain_a of_o any_o truth_n mere_o by_o those_o write_a word_n 11._o those_o word_n which_o be_v transfer_v from_o corporeal_a to_o spiritual_a nature_n be_v by_o far_o more_o high_o metaphorical_a than_o can_v be_v any_o transferr'd_n from_o one_o body_n to_o another_o and_o therefore_o the_o misunderstand_a they_o must_v needs_o be_v very_o destructive_a to_o science_n for_o since_o corporeal_a and_o spiritual_a be_v the_o first_o species_n of_o ens_fw-la and_o the_o division_n of_o that_o genus_fw-la into_o those_o species_n be_v make_v by_o the_o contradictory_n difference_n of_o divisible_a and_o indivisible_a it_o follow_v demonstrative_o that_o whatever_o except_o the_o precise_a notion_n of_o ens_fw-la be_v proper_o affirm_v of_o body_n must_v be_v proper_o deny_v of_o spirit_n and_o therefore_o the_o word_n transfer_v from_o body_n to_o spirit_n which_o be_v in_o different_a line_n be_v far_o more_o improper_a than_o those_o which_o be_v tranfer_v from_o one_o body_n to_o another_o they_o be_v in_o the_o same_o line_n and_o so_o less_o disparate_a corol._n ii_o hence_o be_v confirm_v the_o former_a doctrine_n that_o spirit_n be_v not_o in_o place_n nor_o be_v themselves_o or_o their_o spiritual_a action_n subject_a to_o timeâ—r_v â—r_z commensurable_a to_o it_o etc._n etc._n since_o all_o these_o may_v proper_o be_v say_v of_o body_n and_o therefore_o must_v proper_o be_v deny_v of_o spirit_n corol._n iii_o from_o the_o two_o last_o section_n it_o follow_v evident_o that_o no_o dogmatical_a tenet_n can_v be_v â—roved_v from_o book_n that_o treat_v of_o spiritual_a nature_n â—r_o of_o such_o consideration_n as_o belong_v to_o they_o unless_o â—ome_v certain_a rule_n be_v first_o establish_v by_o which_o the_o reader_n may_v know_v when_o the_o word_n be_v to_o be_v take_v literal_o when_o metaphorical_o in_o this_o or_o that_o place_n â—nce_o a_o mistake_n in_o this_o may_v make_v the_o reader_n embrace_v a_o falsehood_n for_o a_o truth_n or_o a_o truth_n for_o a_o falsehood_n in_o matter_n of_o great_a importance_n for_o exâ—mple_n this_o proportion_n god_n be_v move_v by_o our_o prayer_n be_v literal_o false_a for_o to_o be_v move_v be_v to_o be_v change_v and_o god_n be_v essential_o unchangeable_a wherefore_o it_o be_v only_o true_a in_o a_o metaphorical_a â—ence_n and_o the_o word_n move_v be_v a_o metaphor_n of_o the_o last_o sort_n viz._n of_o word_n transfer_v to_o another_o for_o some_o proportion_n or_o resemblance_n between_o they_o and_o so_o the_o true_a sense_n be_v this_o god_n though_o unmoved_a in_o himself_o yet_o act_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n towards_o he_o that_o pray_v to_o he_o as_o
be_v something_o out_o of_o the_o understanding_n that_o oblige_v we_o to_o do_v so_o which_o i_o explain_v thus_o this_o copula_fw-la sometime_o mere_o put_v together_o fictitious_a notion_n or_o nonentities_a which_o all_o truth_n be_v ground_v on_o ens_fw-la or_o the_o thing_n have_v consequent_o direct_v opposition_n to_o be_v and_o therefore_o falsity_n in_o their_o very_a nature_n or_o rather_o no-nature_n as_o when_o we_o say_v imaginary_a space_n be_v a_o chimaera_n for_o then_o indeed_o the_o connexion_n be_v mere_o in_o our_o understanding_n there_o be_v no_o thing_n nor_o any_o term_n which_o have_v a_o entitative_a notion_n to_o be_v connect_v or_o verify_v or_o rather_o indeed_o there_o be_v no_o connexion_n at_o all_o but_o as_o the_o term_n be_v mock-thing_n so_o they_o can_v only_o have_v a_o mock-connexion_n in_o all_o other_o case_n since_o the_o copula_fw-la be_v can_v signify_v nothing_o at_o all_o for_o this_o will_v make_v it_o a_o mere_a sound_n and_o no_o word_n it_o can_v only_o signify_v the_o actual_a existence_n or_o coexistence_n of_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o term_n in_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o this_o as_o be_v 11._o say_v whether_o that_o coexistence_n be_v only_o material_a or_o formal_a and_o shall_v it_o be_v deny_v that_o the_o copula_fw-la be_v have_v this_o signification_n we_o can_v never_o know_v any_o thing_n which_o we_o say_v or_o can_v say_v be_v true_a because_o we_o can_v never_o know_v nor_o see_v that_o the_o notion_n be_v agreeable_a or_o conformable_a to_o the_o thing_n since_o then_o the_o notion_n of_o self-existence_n be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v nonexistence_n in_o its_o notion_n as_o the_o other_o have_v nonens_a that_o it_o be_v the_o most_o perfect_a in_o that_o kind_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v the_o '_o foresay_a proposition_n can_v not_o be_v true_a unless_o there_o be_v actual_o something_o that_o have_v in_o that_o supreme_a manner_n metaphysical_a verity_n and_o unity_n in_o itself_o to_o verify_v it_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o homo_fw-la est_fw-la homo_fw-la can_v never_o have_v be_v true_a have_v there_o not_o be_v something_o which_o have_v such_o a_o metaphysical_a unity_n and_o verity_n in_o its_o self_n as_o ground_v that_o proposition_n so_o that_o the_o objecter_n must_v either_o find_v more_o signification_n and_o use_n of_o the_o word_n be_v then_o we_o have_v assign_v which_o be_v impossible_a or_o allege_v that_o the_o notion_n of_o self-existence_n be_v chimerical_a or_o destructive_a of_o existence_n as_o nonens_a be_v of_o ens_fw-la which_o be_v as_o absurd_a as_o the_o other_o or_o he_o must_v be_v force_v to_o grant_v our_o conclusion_n and_o acknowledge_v our_o argument_n to_o be_v a_o true_a logical_a demonstration_n i_o know_v it_o will_v run_v in_o the_o objecter_n fancy_n that_o we_o can_v connect_v notion_n which_o ourselves_o have_v coin_v but_o he_o may_v easy_o correct_v these_o misconceit_n by_o reflect_v that_o this_o proposition_n be_v true_a and_o that_o truth_n must_v not_o be_v ground_v on_o our_o airy_a fancy_n but_o on_o the_o solid_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n to_o which_o it_o be_v a_o conformity_n i_o know_v too_o he_o will_v fancy_v that_o the_o copula_fw-la be_v have_v a_o office_n of_o mere_o connect_v without_o any_o reference_n to_o the_o existence_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v its_o proper_a signification_n but_o he_o may_v see_v the_o folly_n of_o such_o a_o conceit_n if_o he_o but_o consider_v that_o we_o can_v with_o truth_n conjoin_v notion_n in_o our_o mind_n that_o be_v not_o conjoin_v beforehand_o in_o the_o thing_n and_o that_o when_o the_o notion_n be_v of_o some_o positive_a be_v or_o such_o as_o be_v not_o chimerical_a and_o contradictory_n the_o copula_fw-la be_v must_v signify_v exist_v and_o do_v but_o say_v in_o our_o mind_n what_o be_v in_o the_o thing_n if_o the_o say_v be_v true_a also_o that_o that_o copula_fw-la can_v divest_v itself_o of_o all_o sense_n while_o it_o conjoyn_v such_o term_n and_o he_o will_v do_v more_o than_o miracle_n to_o invent_v any_o other_o for_o it_o but_o that_o of_o exist_v it_o may_v yet_o be_v further_o object_v that_o these_o proposition_n rosa_fw-la est_fw-la rosa_fw-la animal_n est_fw-la animal_n and_o suchlike_a be_v still_o true_a though_o their_o subject_n do_v not_o actual_o exist_v when_o we_o thus_o predicate_v of_o they_o and_o that_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a the_o copula_fw-la est_fw-la shall_v always_o signify_v existence_n even_o though_o the_o notion_n of_o the_o term_n be_v positive_a entity_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o either_o the_o subject_n rosa_n and_o animal_n mean_v the_o individual_n of_o those_o nature_n and_o then_o if_o once_o they_o be_v perish_v the_o proposition_n be_v false_a for_o haec_fw-la rosa_fw-la be_v no_o long_o rosa_n nor_o be_v hoc_fw-la animal_n animal_n when_o they_o be_v corrupt_v or_o turn_v into_o another_o thing_n or_o else_o these_o word_n mean_v the_o abstract_a notion_n of_o rosa_n and_o animal_n and_o then_o since_o abstract_a nature_n or_o universals_z do_v as_o such_o no_o where_o exist_v but_o in_o the_o understanding_n they_o have_v their_o actual_a existence_n where_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v it_o and_o the_o copula_fw-la est_fw-la signify_v they_o have_v their_o existence_n there_o and_o so_o the_o proposition_n be_v true_a and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v far_o note_v that_o they_o can_v not_o have_v be_v even_o there_o unless_o there_o have_v actual_o be_v diverse_a individual_n from_o which_o they_o may_v be_v abstract_v but_o now_o in_o our_o case_n it_o be_v quite_o otherwise_o for_o self-existence_n be_v the_o simple_a notion_n that_o can_v be_v conceive_v nay_o more_o actual_a than_o any_o notion_n of_o existence_n find_v in_o creature_n it_o be_v impossible_a there_o shall_v be_v any_o abstract_a notion_n of_o it_o both_o because_o that_o abstract_a notion_n will_v have_v potentiality_n in_o it_o which_o will_v destroy_v that_o notion_n and_o 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principle_n must_v be_v such_o proposition_n as_o be_v most_o formal_o identical_a in_o the_o manner_n declare_v above_o many_o other_o proof_n may_v be_v allege_v as_o that_o contradiction_n be_v the_o first_o of_o falsehood_n therefore_o those_o proposition_n that_o be_v direct_o opposite_a to_o they_o must_v be_v the_o first_o truth_n or_o first_o principle_n but_o only_a proposition_n thus_o perfect_o identical_a be_v direct_o opposite_a to_o contradiction_n therefore_o these_o only_o be_v the_o first_o truth_n or_o first_o principle_n to_o prove_v the_o minor_a we_o shall_v find_v by_o reflection_n that_o the_o two_o contradictory_n proposition_n be_v comprizable_a into_o one_o which_o be_v equivalent_a to_o both_o as_o to_z peter_n here_o and_o now_o run_v peter_z here_o and_o now_o run_v not_o be_v equivalent_a what_o here_o and_o now_o run_v do_v not_o here_o and_o now_o run_v whence_o be_v see_v clear_o that_o only_o such_o identical_a
proposition_n be_v direct_o opposite_a to_o contradiction_n since_o man_n wit_n can_v invent_v a_o proposition_n direct_o opposite_a to_o what_o run_v run_v not_o but_z what_o run_v run_v which_o be_v perfect_o identical_a add_v that_o all_o fault_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o it_o be_v a_o privation_n of_o the_o opposite_a good_a contradiction_n will_v not_o be_v at_o all_o faulty_a but_o that_o they_o violate_v the_o truth_n of_o identical_a proposition_n as_o have_v be_v now_o prove_v since_o there_o be_v no_o other_o truth_n which_o they_o direct_o and_o formal_o oppose_v or_o destroy_v 12._o again_o as_o will_v be_v see_v hereafter_o to_o conclude_v be_v to_o show_v the_o term_n of_o the_o conclusion_n to_o be_v connect_v by_o their_o be_v connect_v with_o a_o three_o or_o middle_a term_n in_o the_o premise_n but_o how_o can_v we_o show_v that_o middle_a term_n be_v real_o connect_v with_o those_o two_o other_o term_n in_o the_o premise_n by_o find_v still_o another_o middle_a 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as_o it_o be_v the_o first_o create_v one_o that_o what_o be_v be_v or_o a_o thing_n be_v what_o it_o be_v which_o be_v therefore_o true_a because_o god_n be_v what_o he_o be_v or_o because_o self-existence_n be_v self-existence_n from_o which_o divine_a and_o sovereign_a verity_n all_o our_o create_a first_o principle_n derive_v their_o truth_n for_o be_v not_o this_o true_a all_o our_o identical_a proposition_n and_o first_o principle_n will_v all_o be_v false_a in_o regard_n they_o have_v their_o verity_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o of_o our_o understanding_n neither_o of_o which_o can_v have_v their_o metaphysical_a verity_n nor_o consequent_o can_v they_o ground_n or_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o truth_n at_o all_o if_o self-existence_n their_o cause_n be_v not_o self-existence_n and_o thence_o unlimited_a in_o power_n wisdom_n and_o goodness_n to_o create_v and_o conserve_v those_o being_n which_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o the_o truth_n we_o have_v or_o 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consequent_o all_o our_o knowledge_n and_o object_n that_o for_o any_o thing_n he_o know_v thing_n be_v chimerical_a and_o so_o contrive_v as_o to_o beget_v in_o we_o false_a judgement_n he_o be_v utter_o at_o a_o loss_n through_o his_o deny_v a_o first_o cause_n who_o unchangeable_a and_o essential_a truth_n and_o goodness_n have_v establish_v their_o nature_n to_o be_v unalterable_o what_o they_o be_v whence_o only_o any_o certain_a and_o evident_a knowledge_n of_o they_o be_v possible_a to_o be_v attain_v 15._o definition_n though_o very_o useful_a to_o science_n be_v not_o self_n evident_a nor_o be_v those_o proposition_n that_o predicate_v the_o definition_n of_o the_o notion_n define_v first_o principle_n for_o self-evident_a principle_n by_o force_n of_o their_o very_a term_n do_v oblige_v the_o understanding_n to_o assent_v which_o such_o proposition_n do_v not_o again_o art_n be_v requisite_a to_o make_v such_o definition_n as_o be_v proper_a and_o adjust_v to_o the_o thing_n 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definition_n and_o therefore_o definition_n themselves_o be_v not_o first_a principle_n 16._o this_o be_v further_a evince_v because_o word_n be_v liable_a to_o equivocalness_n where_o there_o be_v more_o word_n as_o there_o be_v in_o definition_n there_o be_v more_o room_n for_o equivocation_n which_o inconvenience_n appear_v no_o where_o more_o than_o in_o the_o know_a definition_n of_o man_n for_o there_o want_v not_o many_o witty_a or_o rather_o half-witted_a discourser_n who_o distinguish_v that_o be_v make_v ambiguous_a the_o word_n rational_a and_o do_v not_o stick_v to_o maintain_v that_o man_n be_v rational_a or_o conclude_v being_n the_o proper_a act_n of_o reason_n can_v conclude_v evident_o in_o line_n and_o number_n but_o not_o in_o logic_n physics_n ethic_n or_o metaphysic_n much_o less_o in_o theology_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o cramp_v the_o definition_n to_o less_o than_o half_a the_o sense_n the_o word_n contain_v there_o be_v other_o
too_o who_o make_v brute_n rational_a in_o many_o thing_n and_o they_o make_v man_n to_o be_v rational_a but_o in_o some_o and_o so_o quite_o destroy_v the_o say_a definition_n by_o enlarge_n and_o ampliate_v it_o and_o make_v it_o common_a and_o indifferent_a to_o man_n and_o beast_n and_o not_o apply_v to_o either_o of_o they_o adequate_o but_o only_o in_o some_o degree_n only_o and_o yet_o the_o same_o man_n even_o though_o perfect_a sceptic_n will_v not_o dispute_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n a_o man_n be_v a_o man._n wherefore_o since_o it_o be_v direct_o against_o the_o nature_n of_o first_o principle_n to_o be_v disputable_a definition_n can_v be_v first_o principle_n and_o consequent_o only_o proposition_n most_o perfect_o identical_a can_v be_v such_o 17._o there_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o self-evidence_n call_v practical_a which_o be_v inferior_a to_o this_o we_o have_v hitherto_o speak_v of_o and_o proper_a to_o the_o vulgar_a this_o be_v call_v self-evidence_n 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who_o perhaps_o may_v think_v such_o speculation_n aâ—ery_o to_o show_v that_o the_o nature-instructed_n vulgar_a do_v abet_v this_o doctrine_n and_o make_v use_n of_o proposition_n exact_o identical_a when_o they_o will_v express_v themselves_o to_o stand_v final_o to_o some_o truth_n which_o they_o judge_v to_o be_v most_o evident_a for_o example_n if_o you_o will_v force_v a_o clown_n to_o deny_v a_o thing_n which_o he_o be_v sure_a of_o or_o know_v to_o be_v true_a he_o will_v tell_v you_o sober_o and_o if_o you_o press_v he_o much_o angry_o that_o truth_n be_v truth_n or_o that_o he_o be_v sure_a a_o spade_n be_v a_o spade_n or_o that_o he_o know_v what_o he_o know_v or_o if_o it_o be_v in_o a_o point_n belong_v to_o justice_n that_o right_o be_v right_o and_o he_o bring_v these_o as_o evidence_n from_o whence_o he_o can_v never_o be_v drive_v which_o signify_v clear_o that_o such_o truth_n as_o these_o be_v judge_v by_o he_o self-evident_a and_o to_o be_v the_o principle_n which_o natural_o determine_v and_o fix_v he_o in_o a_o immovable_a adherence_n to_o the_o point_n as_o the_o vltimate_a resort_n and_o reason_n of_o his_o persuasion_n that_o be_v nature_n teach_v he_o to_o have_v recourse_n to_o these_o as_o to_o his_o first_o principle_n 19_o the_o other_o test_n by_o which_o to_o examine_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o discourse_n of_o we_o about_o first_o principle_n be_v to_o desire_v the_o object_a to_o settle_v some_o first_o principle_n of_o his_o own_o after_o his_o fashion_n which_o do_v it_o will_v manifest_o appear_v that_o if_o he_o take_v any_o other_o way_n either_o his_o first_o principle_n will_v not_o be_v self-evident_a at_o all_o which_o yet_o first_o principle_n must_v be_v or_o in_o case_n he_o pretend_v they_o such_o he_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o tell_v you_o or_o explicate_v in_o what_o that_o self-evidence_n of_o they_o consist_v or_o else_o he_o will_v produce_v such_o as_o he_o will_v tell_v you_o he_o will_v undertake_v to_o prove_v to_o be_v evident_a which_o since_o what_o be_v prove_v be_v conclude_v will_v be_v the_o same_o as_o to_o offer_v to_o obtrude_v upon_o we_o conclusion_n instead_o of_o first_o principle_n or_o last_o they_o will_v be_v mere_a fancy_n of_o his_o own_o put_v together_o pretty_o and_o express_v witty_o and_o plausible_o which_o when_o they_o be_v divest_v of_o their_o gay_a dress_n and_o their_o naked_a sense_n be_v lay_v open_a will_v be_v either_o mere_a voluntary_a talk_n or_o plain_a nonsense_n in_o cuerpo_n into_o which_o fault_n of_o groundless_a and_o bold_o and_o magisterial_o pronounce_v though_o witty_o express_v assertion_n and_o the_o impose_v they_o upon_o we_o for_o principle_n the_o author_n of_o the_o leviathan_n do_v fall_v very_o frequent_o and_o i_o can_v wish_v all_o his_o follower_n will_v please_v to_o examine_v all_o his_o principle_n by_o this_o test_n and_o they_o will_v quick_o discover_v how_o strange_o they_o fall_v short_a of_o self-evidence_n that_o be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o first_o principle_n or_o in_o case_n they_o judge_v i_o have_v state_v 〈◊〉_d the_o nature_n of_o first_o principle_n i_o shall_v take_v it_o for_o a_o favour_n if_o they_o will_v vouchsafe_v i_o a_o answer_n to_o my_o several_a reason_n for_o my_o doctrine_n as_o to_o this_o point_n in_o this_o lesson_n and_o the_o next_o and_o in_o a_o full_a discourse_n settle_v their_o own_o first_o principle_n and_o show_v i_o my_o error_n which_o i_o be_o very_o confident_a they_o will_v never_o think_v fit_a to_o attempt_v lesson_n iii_o that_o first_o principle_n be_v identical_a proposition_n prove_v by_o instance_n the_o use_n that_o be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o they_o also_o of_o some_o other_o proposition_n either_o in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n formal_o identical_a and_o of_o the_o reduce_v of_o inferior_a truth_n to_o self-evident_a proposition_n 1._o that_o the_o first_o principle_n in_o metaphysic_n be_v identical_a proposition_n have_v already_o 9_o be_v clear_v it_o remain_v to_o show_v they_o be_v such_o in_o other_o science_n also_o we_o will_v begin_v with_o physics_n the_o first_o principle_n that_o ground_n that_o whole_a science_n according_a to_o some_o modern_a philosopher_n be_v corpus_fw-la est_fw-la quantum_fw-la in_o which_o though_o the_o subject_a and_o predicate_v do_v indeed_o differ_v grammatical_o the_o one_o of_o they_o be_v substantive_o the_o other_o adjective_o express_v yet_o if_o we_o rifle_v the_o word_n to_o get_v out_o the_o inward_a sense_n as_o philosopher_n ought_v we_o shall_v find_v that_o since_o all_o the_o essential_a difference_n they_o allow_v between_o a_o body_n and_o a_o spirit_n be_v this_o only_a that_o that_o be_v divisible_a this_o indivisible_a as_o also_o that_o quantity_n and_o divisibility_n into_o integral_a part_n be_v with_o they_o the_o same_o notion_n it_o will_v appear_v eyident_o that_o according_a to_o they_o this_o proposition_n body_n be_v quantitative_a be_v perfect_o equivalent_a to_o this_o what_o be_v divisible_a be_v divisible_a which_o be_v every_o way_n identical_a i_o say_v with_o they_o for_o they_o deny_v all_o metaphysical_a divisibility_n of_o body_n into_o matter_n and_o form_n appendix_n by_o deny_v all_o formal_a mutation_n the_o same_o discourse_n hold_v if_o they_o put_v for_o their_o first_o principle_n corpus_fw-la est_fw-la extensum_fw-la for_o in_o that_o supposition_n they_o hold_v that_o extension_n be_v the_o notion_n that_o intrinsically_a constitute_v body_n or_o matter_n and_o difference_n it_o essential_o from_o spirit_n whence_o the_o proposition_n corpus_fw-la est_fw-la extensum_fw-la be_v the_o same_o as_o ens_fw-la extensum_fw-la est_fw-la ens_fw-la extensum_fw-la or_o corpus_fw-la est_fw-la corpus_fw-la which_o be_v most_o formal_o identical_a 2._o that_o the_o first_o principle_n which_o ground_n all_o ratiocination_n in_o logic_n be_v a_o identical_a proposition_n will_v be_v show_v hereafter_o sect._n 10._o when_o we_o
or_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n into_o we_o by_o impression_n from_o object_n and_o by_o such_o impression_n or_o by_o their_o affect_v we_o thus_o or_o thus_o their_o different_a nature_n that_o be_v knowledge_n how_o those_o thing_n differ_v from_o one_o another_o and_o difference_n do_v constitute_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n by_o distinguish_v it_o from_o all_o other_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o from_o the_o judgement_n or_o knowledge_n that_o we_o be_v strike_v thus_o and_o thus_o by_o these_o and_o these_o object_n we_o be_v furnish_v with_o mean_n of_o know_v in_o some_o measure_n the_o distinct_a nature_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o affect_v we_o and_o of_o our_o own_o body_n in_o the_o first_o place_n and_o our_o soul_n have_v the_o power_n of_o compare_v they_o to_o themselves_o and_o to_o other_o nature_n that_o be_v also_o in_o she_o we_o hence_o become_v capable_a of_o frame_v innumerable_a judgement_n concern_v they_o or_o knowledge_n of_o they_o 6._o these_o knowledge_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o affect_v our_o sense_n be_v gain_v to_o a_o fair_a degree_n by_o the_o different_a impression_n of_o object_n be_v make_v more_o express_a and_o improve_v very_o much_o by_o study_n and_o reflection_n for_o since_o study_v and_o reflection_n be_v not_o the_o invent_v new_a or_o counterfeit_n notion_n or_o nature_n of_o our_o own_o coin_v but_o the_o receive_v frequent_o and_o mind_v heedful_o the_o true_a and_o solid_a notion_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o nature_n have_v imprint_v there_o before_o it_o follow_v that_o as_o in_o corporeal_a sight_n by_o our_o regard_v the_o object_n frequent_o wist_o and_o attentive_o we_o come_v to_o observe_v more_o and_o more_o in_o it_o so_o by_o often_o reflect_v on_o and_o revolve_v intellectual_a object_n or_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n in_o we_o the_o eye_n of_o our_o mind_n must_v needs_o look_v deep_o into_o they_o make_v new_a discovery_n of_o diverse_a consideration_n in_o they_o which_o escape_v a_o single_a cursory_a view_n and_o gain_v more_o exact_a and_o more_o penetrative_a knowledge_n of_o they_o 7._o by_o method_n of_o discourse_v or_o ratiocination_n make_v evident_a by_o maxim_n of_o art_n this_o improvement_n of_o knowledge_n be_v not_o vita_fw-la brevis_fw-la may_v come_v to_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n infinite_a for_o all_o this_o be_v perform_v by_o evident_a connexion_n of_o term_n both_o in_o some_o proposition_n which_o be_v truth_n and_o the_o deduce_v other_o by_o necessary_a consequence_n from_o they_o and_o so_o forward_o since_o than_o there_o be_v no_o stint_n assignable_a of_o the_o connexion_n of_o truth_n and_o as_o will_v be_v show_v hereafter_o there_o be_v rule_n or_o maxim_n of_o art_n to_o teach_v we_o how_o to_o connect_v term_n apt_o and_o evident_o it_o follow_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o bound_n of_o the_o improvement_n of_o knowledge_n 8._o from_o what_o be_v say_v above_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o this_o proposition_n ego_fw-la cogito_fw-la can_v be_v the_o first-known_a truth_n whence_o all_o our_o science_n be_v generate_v for_o since_o this_o proposition_n ego_fw-la cogito_fw-la if_o put_v entire_o or_o explicit_o as_o it_o ought_v be_v ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la and_o in_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n the_o proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_fw-la be_v antecedent_n to_o ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la and_o more_o simple_a than_o it_o so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v not_o suppose_v to_o be_v know_v the_o other_o can_v possible_o be_v know_v it_o be_v most_o evident_a that_o cogito_fw-la or_o ego_fw-la cogito_fw-la or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la can_v be_v the_o first-known_a proposition_n or_o first_o truth_n that_o can_v be_v lay_v in_o the_o method_n of_o generate_a science_n 9_o the_o proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la be_v less_o clear_a and_o evident_a than_o many_o other_o proposition_n that_o have_v for_o their_o predicate_a notion_n direct_o imprint_v on_o our_o sense_n such_o as_o be_v i_o be_o heat_v hurt_v extend_v move_a etc._n etc._n for_o since_o all_o our_o first-known_a notion_n the_o soul_n be_v rasa_fw-la tabula_fw-la come_v by_o impression_n of_o object_n on_o our_o sense_n those_o proposition_n be_v most_o clear_a who_o predicate_v be_v the_o immediate_a effect_n of_o those_o impression_n and_o join_v with_o ego_fw-la sum_fw-la which_o be_v the_o first_o judgement_n do_v compound_v those_o proposition_n but_o such_o be_v the_o predicate_v abovesaid_a and_o not_o the_o predicate_v cogitans_fw-la therefore_o the_o proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la be_v less_o clear_a than_o be_v the_o proposition_n which_o have_v those_o direct_o imprint_v notion_n for_o their_o predicate_v that_o the_o other_o predicate_v be_v notion_n more_o know_v than_o be_v cogitans_fw-la i_o prove_v thus_o the_o notion_n of_o cogitans_fw-la be_v spiritual_a and_o therefore_o can_v not_o be_v imprint_v in_o the_o soul_n by_o a_o direct_a stroke_n of_o the_o object_n on_o the_o sense_n as_o be_v the_o other_o but_o must_v be_v know_v by_o reflection_n but_o what_o be_v know_v by_o reflection_n be_v less_o easy_o and_o less_o early_o know_v that_o be_v less_o evident_a to_o we_o take_v we_o as_o not_o yet_o imbue_v with_o other_o knowledge_n than_o that_o which_o be_v know_v by_o experience_n or_o direct_o therefore_o the_o notion_n of_o cogitans_fw-la be_v less_o know_v than_o be_v those_o other_o predicate_v and_o consequent_o this_o proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la be_v less_o clear_a than_o the_o proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_fw-la extensus_fw-la vulneratus_fw-la movens_fw-la etc._n etc._n again_o be_v the_o predicate_v cogitans_fw-la know_v experimental_o or_o by_o impression_n on_o the_o sense_n which_o it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o but_o as_o it_o be_v join_v with_o the_o imagination_n the_o most_o fallacious_a faculty_n we_o have_v cooperate_a with_o the_o understanding_n nay_o be_v it_o a_o affection_n of_o the_o man_n and_o its_o notion_n direct_o imprint_v in_o he_o and_o so_o as_o easy_o and_o early_o know_v as_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n yet_o the_o proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la can_v not_o be_v the_o first_o or_o second_o in_o the_o order_n of_o knowable_a for_o since_o as_o be_v show_v i_o be_o strike_v or_o affect_a antecede_v i_o be_o affect_v thus_o or_o have_v such_o a_o affection_n in_o i_o and_o cogitans_fw-la be_v not_o bare_o to_o be_v affect_v by_o object_n but_o to_o have_v such_o a_o manner_n of_o affection_n hence_o the_o proposition_n i_o be_o affect_v by_o object_n be_v more_o simple_a and_o therefore_o in_o priority_n of_o nature_n precede_v i_o be_o affect_v thus_o or_o i_o be_o think_v and_o be_v more_o clear_a than_o it_o 11._o hence_o the_o proposition_n ego_fw-la cogito_fw-la be_v also_o less_o certain_a than_o multitude_n of_o other_o proposition_n who_o predicate_v be_v experimental_o know_v by_o direct_a impression_n on_o the_o sense_n for_o certainty_n follow_v evidence_n as_o its_o proper_a cause_n as_o judge_v do_v know_v wherefore_o if_o that_o proposition_n be_v less_o evident_a it_o be_v also_o less_o certain_a 12._o if_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o it_o be_v certain_a by_o way_n of_o evident_a proof_n that_o this_o proposition_n ego_fw-la cogito_fw-la be_v the_o most_o absolute_o firm_a ground_n we_o can_v rely_v on_o to_o generate_v and_o principiate_v all_o our_o other_o knowledge_n because_o though_o we_o will_v voluntary_o divest_v ourselves_o of_o all_o other_o knowledge_n and_o call_v they_o into_o doubt_n that_o be_v be_v all_o the_o rest_n uncertain_a and_o myself_o insecure_a whether_o i_o think_v true_a or_o false_a in_o hold_v they_o yet_o it_o be_v unquestionable_o certain_a and_o impossible_a to_o be_v doubt_v of_o but_o that_o whether_o i_o think_v right_a or_o wrong_n still_o i_o think_v whence_o follow_v that_o the_o proposition_n ego_fw-la cogito_fw-la seem_v to_o be_v a_o firm_a basis_n to_o ground_n all_o the_o rest_n upon_o i_o answer_v that_o the_o whole_a discourse_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v a_o paralogism_n and_o a_o kind_n of_o fallacy_n of_o non_fw-la causa_fw-la pro_fw-la causa_fw-la for_o the_o question_n be_v not_o whether_o it_o be_v not_o more_o certain_a that_o i_o think_v than_o that_o i_o think_v wrong_a or_o right_n for_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o this_o proposition_n i_o think_v be_v more_o simple_a and_o therefore_o antecede_v and_o be_v presuppose_v to_o the_o proposition_n i_o think_v right_a or_o wrong_n or_o thus_o and_o thus_o and_o consequent_o it_o be_v more_o evident_a and_o more_o certain_a than_o these_o be_v but_o the_o true_a point_n be_v whether_o i_o be_o more_o certain_a that_o i_o think_v at_o all_o than_o that_o i_o be_o certain_a that_o i_o be_o since_o if_o it_o be_v not_o presuppose_v that_o i_o be_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o i_o shall_v be_v certain_a that_o i_o be_o think_v or_o any_o thing_n like_o
express_o or_o by_o consequence_n include_v in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o definition_n the_o formality_n of_o one_o be_v in_o some_o part_n the_o formality_n of_o the_o other_o as_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la corpus_fw-la mixtum_fw-la vivens_fw-la sensituum_fw-la be_v find_v in_o part_n to_o be_v formal_o in_o the_o entire_a notion_n of_o homo_fw-la the_o art_n of_o divide_v right_n be_v requisite_a to_o make_v exact_a definition_n because_o the_o genus_fw-la and_o one_o of_o the_o proper_a difference_n that_o divide_v that_o common_a notion_n do_v constitute_v and_o integrate_a the_o definition_n note_v that_o the_o genus_fw-la must_v be_v immediate_a because_o otherwise_o it_o confound_v the_o intermemediate_v notion_n with_o the_o species_n and_o so_o give_v a_o less-distinct_a conception_n of_o the_o notion_n to_o be_v define_v hence_o ens_fw-la or_o vivens_fw-la rationale_n be_v not_o a_o good_a definition_n of_o homo_fw-la because_o ens_fw-la and_o vivens_fw-la do_v but_o confuse_o or_o in_o part_n speak_v the_o notion_n or_o nature_n of_o animal_n nor_o be_v rationale_n the_o proper_a and_o immediate_a difference_n of_o ens_fw-la and_o vivens_fw-la 12._o hence_o dichotomy_n or_o a_o division_n make_v by_o two_o member_n be_v the_o best_a for_o in_o such_o a_o division_n the_o part_n if_o right_o express_v may_v be_v most_o easy_o see_v to_o be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o whole_a that_o dichotomy_n in_o which_o the_o member_n be_v contradictory_n be_v the_o very_o best_a division_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v as_o that_o of_o ens_fw-la into_o divisible_a and_o indivisible_a that_o be_v not-divisible_a of_o animal_n into_o rational_a and_o irrational_a that_o be_v not-rational_a of_o number_n into_o odd_a and_o even_o or_o not-odd_a for_o since_o there_o can_v be_v no_o middle_a between_o contradictory_n it_o be_v evident_a there_o can_v be_v no_o more_o member_n than_o two_o and_o consequent_o that_o those_o two_o part_n be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o whole_a 13._o the_o whole_a definition_n and_o all_o the_o member_n of_o a_o division_n that_o be_v right_o make_v if_o take_v together_o may_v be_v a_o proper_a medium_fw-la for_o a_o demonstration_n for_o both_o of_o these_o take_v together_o be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o whole_a notion_n define_v and_o divide_v and_o may_v as_o well_o be_v a_o middle_a term_n as_o that_o whole_a notion_n express_v by_o one_o word_n as_o by_o man._n animal_n etc._n etc._n v_o g._n every_o rational_a animal_n be_v capable_a of_o science_n every_o clown_n be_v a_o rational_a animal_n therefore_o every_o clown_n be_v capable_a of_o science_n whatever_o be_v either_o even_o or_o odd_a be_v capable_a of_o proportion_n all_o number_n be_v either_o even_o or_o odd_a therefore_o all_o number_n be_v capable_a of_o proportion_n 14._o out_o of_o what_o have_v be_v prove_v it_o be_v see_v that_o definition_n be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a instrument_n or_o best_a mean_n to_o attain_v science_n for_o since_o all_o knowledge_n be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o therefore_o all_o distinct_a and_o clear_a knowledge_n such_o as_o science_n ought_v to_o be_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n distinct_o and_o clear_o represent_v and_o this_o as_o have_v be_v show_v be_v do_v by_o definition_n it_o follow_v that_o definition_n be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a instrument_n or_o best_a mean_n to_o attain_v to_o science_n 15._o another_o use_n to_o be_v make_v of_o definition_n in_o order_n to_o demonstration_n be_v this_o when_o two_o notion_n by_o be_v remote_a seem_v in_o a_o manner_n disparate_a and_o so_o the_o proposition_n be_v obscure_a we_o be_v to_o pursue_v home_o the_o definition_n of_o each_o of_o the_o term_n till_o something_o that_o be_v formal_o identical_a appear_v in_o both_o of_o they_o which_o do_v all_o far_a disquisition_n cease_v and_o the_o point_n be_v demonstrate_v for_o example_n if_o we_o will_v prove_v that_o virtue_n be_v laudable_a we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o word_n laudable_a signify_v deserve_v to_o be_v speak_v well_o of_o and_o practical_a self-evidence_n as_o well_o as_o reason_n tell_v we_o that_o our_o speech_n be_v nothing_o but_o sign_n agree_v on_o by_o mankind_n to_o express_v their_o thought_n that_o thing_n deserve_v to_o be_v speak_v well_o of_o which_o deserve_v to_o be_v think_v well_o of_o and_o that_o what_o be_v according_a to_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o he_o that_o speak_v or_o think_v or_o to_o true_a reason_n deserve_v to_o be_v judge_v by_o he_o right_o and_o good_a that_o be_v think_v well_o of_o to_o which_o add_v that_o virtue_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o disposition_n to_o act_n according_a to_o true_a reason_n it_o come_v to_o appear_v that_o virtuo_fw-la and_o laudable_a have_v something_o couch_v in_o their_o notion_n that_o be_v formal_o identical_a and_o that_o this_o proposition_n virtue_n be_v laudable_a be_v full_a as_o certain_a as_o that_o what_o be_v according_a to_o right_a reason_n be_v according_a to_o right_a reason_n or_o what_o be_v laudable_a be_v laudable_a which_o see_v perfect_a knowledge_n be_v have_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o virtue_n be_v laudable_a that_o be_v it_o be_v the_o proposition_n evident_o conclude_v or_o demonstrate_v note_v hence_o that_o in_o resolve_v truth_n thus_o into_o first_o principle_n rigorous_a definition_n do_v not_o always_o need_v but_o explication_n of_o the_o two_o notion_n or_o of_o the_o mean_v of_o the_o word_n that_o express_v the_o two_o term_n may_v serve_v so_o they_o be_v true_a and_o solid_a since_o no_o more_o be_v necessary_a in_o this_o case_n but_o to_o resolve_v the_o inferior_a truth_n and_o the_o notion_n that_o compound_v they_o into_o superior_a one_o for_o which_o reason_n also_o practical_a self-evidence_n or_o a_o knowledge_n agree_v on_o by_o all_o mankind_n in_o their_o natural_a thought_n through_o converse_n with_o those_o natural_a object_n be_v sufficient_a for_o this_o be_v a_o solid_a knowledge_n though_o it_o be_v not_o lick_v into_o artificial_a shape_n whence_o it_o may_v suffice_v oftentimes_o without_o frame_v the_o demonstration_n couch_v in_o these_o discourse_n into_o a_o syllogistick_a method_n unless_o the_o form_n of_o the_o discourse_n be_v deny_v 16._o hence_o follow_v that_o all_o truth_n have_v at_o the_o bottom_n identical_a proposition_n and_o be_v ground_v on_o they_o for_o since_o all_o truth_n be_v therefore_o such_o because_o they_o be_v conformable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o to_o its_o be_v what_o it_o be_v which_o be_v express_v by_o a_o identical_a proposition_n it_o follow_v that_o all_o truth_n have_v at_o the_o bottom_n identical_a proposition_n and_o be_v ground_v on_o they_o 17._o hence_o every_o error_n have_v at_o the_o bottom_n a_o fect_a contradiction_n and_o be_v ground_v on_o it_o for_o since_o all_o truth_n as_o be_v conformable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v ground_v on_o the_o thing_n be_v what_o it_o be_v and_o so_o have_v a_o identical_a proposition_n for_o their_o base_n therefore_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n every_o error_n be_v a_o dis-conformity_n to_o the_o thing_n or_o a_o deviation_n from_o its_o be_v what_o it_o be_v must_v be_v ground_v on_o this_o as_o its_o first_o principle_n that_o the_o thing_n be_v not_o what_o it_o be_v which_o be_v a_o perfect_a contradiction_n 18._o hence_o follow_v necessary_o that_o if_o art_n and_o industry_n be_v not_o want_v every_o truth_n be_v reducible_a to_o a_o self_n evident_a or_o a_o identical_a proposition_n and_o every_o error_n to_o a_o contradiction_n for_o since_o these_o as_o have_v be_v prove_v be_v the_o basâ—s_n or_o bottom-principle_n of_o all_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n and_o all_o inferior_a proposition_n derìve_v all_o their_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n from_o the_o first_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n that_o be_v from_o identical_a proposition_n or_o contradiction_n it_o follow_v that_o either_o no_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n can_v be_v final_o know_v or_o be_v knowable_a or_o provable_a to_o be_v such_o or_o else_o they_o must_v be_v reducible_a either_o to_o identical_a proposition_n or_o to_o contradiction_n as_o the_o test_n of_o their_o truth_n or_o falsity_n corol._n i._n hence_o follow_v that_o all_o learning_n be_v knowledge_n those_o man_n only_o ought_v to_o be_v account_v absolute_o speak_v true_a scholar_n or_o perfect_o learned_a who_o can_v thus_o settle_v truth_n and_o confute_v error_n that_o be_v thus_o demonstrate_v the_o conformity_n of_o the_o position_n he_o maintain_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o the_o disconformity_n of_o his_o adversary_n thesis_n to_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o subject_a under_o dispute_n by_o which_o it_o will_v appear_v how_o unjust_o many_o man_n be_v esteem_v learned_a by_o the_o generality_n mere_o for_o their_o have_v read_v a_o multitude_n of_o author_n since_o the_o former_a know_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o of_o the_o subject_n discourse_v of_o
upon_o the_o four_o but_o to_o be_v change_v by_o the_o second_o and_o this_o be_v do_v as_o be_v now_o show_v in_o the_o first_o instant_a the_o cause_n of_o change_v the_o four_o be_v adequate_o put_v in_o the_o same_o instant_a too_o and_o 3_o consequent_o the_o effect_n and_o since_o how_o far_o soever_o we_o proceed_v the_o same_o reason_n hold_v viz._n that_o the_o effect_n be_v still_o indivisible_a and_o all_o the_o cause_n of_o each_o immediate_o succeed_a effect_n still_o adequate_o put_v in_o the_o first_o instant_a it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o effect_n will_v still_o be_v put_v in_o the_o same_o instant_a by_o the_o same_o necessity_n that_o the_o effect_v of_o the_o first_o up_o on_o the_o second_o be_v put_v in_o the_o first_o instant_a of_o their_o be_v therefore_o all_o whatever_o any_o multitude_n of_o angel_n how_o great_a soever_o can_v work_v upon_o one_o another_o be_v perform_v in_o the_o first_o instant_a of_o their_o be_v proposition_n vii_o 19_o that_o it_o be_v infinite_o more_o impossible_a a_o angel_n shall_v be_v change_v by_o god_n after_o the_o first_o instant_a than_o by_o any_o other_o spirit_n for_o since_o the_o angel_n be_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n capable_a of_o change_n as_o far_o as_o concern_v its_o self_n or_o it_o be_v own_o power_n to_o be_v change_v whether_o god_n or_o any_o other_o spirit_n be_v to_o change_v it_o on_o that_o side_n precise_o there_o be_v a_o perfect_a equality_n wherefore_o see_v on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v infinite_o more_o impossible_a that_o god_n shall_v not_o have_v power_n to_o change_v she_o in_o the_o first_o instant_a than_o that_o any_o other_o spirit_n shall_v not_o have_v such_o a_o power_n and_o infinite_o more_o impossible_a that_o god_n shall_v not_o of_o himself_o be_v ultimate_o dispose_v to_o act_v where_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v capable_a of_o it_o his_o nature_n be_v pure_a actuality_n also_o since_o it_o be_v infinite_o more_o impossible_a that_o god_n shall_v after_o some_o duration_n receive_v any_o change_n in_o himself_o fit_v he_o to_o produce_v that_o effect_n than_o that_o any_o other_o spirit_n shall_v and_o last_o since_o it_o be_v infinite_o more_o impossible_a his_o active_a power_n shall_v not_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o patient_n both_o in_o regard_n he_o most_o necessary_o and_o comprehensive_o know_v it_o and_o most_o intimate_o by_o himself_o conserves_n it_o in_o be_v wherefore_o since_o from_o these_o consideration_n or_o reason_n however_o infinite_o short_a in_o creature_n it_o be_v conclude_v to_o be_v impossible_a that_o even_o any_o other_o spirit_n if_o it_o shall_v change_v a_o angel_n at_o all_o shall_v not_o change_v it_o in_o the_o first_o instant_a and_o these_o consideration_n or_o reason_n be_v find_v to_o be_v in_o god_n with_o infinite_o great_a advantage_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o be_v infinite_o more_o impossible_a that_o god_n if_o he_o change_v a_o angel_n at_o all_o shall_v not_o change_v it_o in_o the_o first_o instant_a that_o be_v shall_v change_v it_o in_o the_o intermediate_n duration_n than_o that_o any_o other_o spirit_n shall_v proposition_n ix_o 20._o that_o it_o be_v absolute_o impossible_a a_o angel_n shall_v be_v change_v after_o the_o first_o instant_a of_o its_o be_v for_o since_o 5._o no_o change_n can_v be_v make_v without_o â—he_n work_v of_o some_o cause_n and_o no_o 2.3_o body_n can_v work_v upon_o a_o angel_n and_o all_o that_o itself_o or_o any_o other_o create_v spirit_n can_v work_v upon_o it_o must_v necessary_o be_v in_o the_o very_a first_o instant_a of_o its_o be_v 8·_fw-la and_o 4.5.6.7_o it_o be_v much_o more_o impossible_a god_n shall_v work_v upon_o it_o unless_o in_o the_o first_o instant_a than_o that_o any_o create_a spirit_n shall_v and_o there_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n possible_a or_o imaginable_a beside_o god_n create_v spirit_n or_o body_n it_o follow_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n at_o all_o to_o work_v upon_o a_o angel_n or_o to_o change_v it_o after_o the_o first_o instant_a of_o its_o be_v and_o therefore_o it_o can_v undergo_v no_o change_n after_o that_o first_o instant_a advertisement_n 1._o this_o last_o conclusion_n may_v seem_v a_o strange_a paradox_n to_o some_o reader_n who_o reason_n and_o principle_n have_v not_o raise_v they_o above_o fancy_n but_o not_o to_o insist_v far_o on_o the_o evidence_n of_o our_o consequence_n from_o undeniable_a principle_n which_o have_v force_v the_o necessity_n of_o our_o conclusion_n such_o man_n be_v desire_v to_o reflect_v that_o ens_fw-la be_v divide_v as_o by_o its_o proper_a difference_n by_o divisible_a and_o indivisible_a and_o these_o difference_n be_v contradictory_n to_o one_o another_o it_o follow_v that_o body_n and_o spirit_n which_o be_v the_o species_n constitute_v by_o those_o difference_n do_v agree_v in_o nothing_o at_o all_o but_o in_o the_o common_a and_o generical_a notion_n of_o ens_fw-la or_o in_o this_o that_o they_o be_v both_o of_o they_o capable_a of_o be_v whence_o it_o be_v logical_o demonstrate_v that_o they_o must_v differ_v nay_o contradictory_o disagree_v in_o every_o thing_n else_o so_o that_o whatever_o else_o be_v affirm_v literal_o of_o the_o one_o must_v be_v deny_v of_o the_o other_o wherefore_o since_o we_o can_v true_o and_o literal_o affirm_v that_o body_n be_v quantitative_a corruptible_a in_o place_n move_v local_o change_v by_o time_n or_o subject_n to_o it_o capable_a of_o succession_n or_o of_o before_o and_o after_o which_o be_v the_o difference_n of_o time_n etc._n etc._n we_o must_v be_v force_v with_o equal_a truth_n literal_o to_o deny_v all_o these_o of_o pure_a spirit_n or_o angel_n because_o none_o of_o these_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o common_a generical_a notion_n of_o ens_fw-la but_o to_o that_o difference_n which_o constitute_v that_o species_n call_v body_n and_o therefore_o the_o contradictory_n to_o all_o these_o and_o among_o they_o to_o be_v vnsuccessive_a in_o its_o operation_n must_v be_v predicate_v of_o the_o other_o species_n call_v spirit_n it_o will_v i_o doubt_v not_o be_v much_o wonder_v at_o too_o that_o the_o devil_n shall_v be_v damn_a in_o the_o first_o instant_a of_o their_o be_v which_o look_v as_o if_o they_o be_v create_v in_o the_o state_n of_o damnation_n a_o thing_n certain_o most_o unworthy_a god_n who_o be_v essential_o and_o infinite_o good_n but_o their_o wonder_n will_v cease_v if_o they_o reflect_v that_o those_o bad_a angel_n have_v far_o more_o knowledge_n and_o consequent_o more_o perfect_a deliberation_n such_o as_o they_o can_v have_v in_o that_o one_o single_a instant_a than_o we_o can_v have_v have_v though_o we_o have_v be_v a_o thousand_o year_n consider_v and_o deliberate_v ever_o we_o have_v make_v our_o choice_n of_o our_o last_o end_n and_o fix_v our_o resolution_n to_o adhere_v to_o it_o final_o so_o that_o it_o never_o lie_v in_o the_o power_n of_o any_o man_n to_o have_v so_o clear_a a_o knowledge_n of_o his_o duty_n and_o so_o perfect_a and_o full_a sight_n of_o all_o the_o motive_n to_o continue_v in_o that_o duty_n as_o the_o devil_n and_o his_o angel_n have_v in_o that_o one_o instant_a whence_o the_o crime_n of_o lucifer_n and_o his_o adherent_n be_v a_o sin_n of_o pure_a malice_n and_o not_o mere_a frailty_n or_o mix_v with_o frailty_n much_o less_o of_o inadvertence_n speculative_a ignorance_n or_o suggest_v by_o the_o soul_n be_v deprave_a companion_n the_o body_n as_o be_v the_o sin_n of_o the_o generality_n of_o mankind_n some_o inconsiderable_a number_n of_o they_o except_v who_o soul_n be_v thorough_o poison_v with_o spiritual_a sin_n be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o devil_n such_o as_o be_v spiritual_a pride_n malice_n envy_n or_o such_o like_a which_o wicked_a sinner_n be_v therefore_o even_o while_o here_o so_o many_o limb_n as_o it_o be_v of_o the_o devil_n and_o very_o difficult_a to_o be_v bring_v to_o any_o repentance_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o god_n wisdom_n goodness_n and_o justice_n lay_v so_o many_o miracle_n of_o mercy_n to_o save_v poor_a weak_a mankind_n and_o leave_v the_o fall_v angel_n in_o the_o sad_a condition_n in_o which_o they_o have_v so_o wilful_o and_o desperate_o engulft_v themselves_o wise_o and_o just_o place_v it_o in_o the_o order_n of_o cause_n that_o that_o sin_n which_o be_v so_o perfect_o and_o in_o despite_n of_o all_o motive_n to_o the_o contrary_a so_o wilful_o resolute_a shall_v be_v irretractable_a whereas_o on_o the_o other_o side_n sin_z of_o mere_a frailty_n be_v not_o hard_a to_o be_v repent_v of_o when_o the_o allure_a circumstance_n be_v past_a and_o go_v the_o same_o faculty_n which_o permit_v they_o to_o fall_v leave_v they_o likewise_o in_o a_o pliableness_n to_o reform_v and_o retract_v what_o their_o reason_n abuse_v by_o passion_n have_v perhaps_o either_o by_o surprise_n or_o after_o much_o
thing_n and_o the_o thing_n be_v infallible_o what_o itself_o be_v and_o our_o knowledge_n of_o a_o thing_n it_o be_v essential_o a_o conformity_n to_o that_o thing_n be_v infallible_o as_o the_o thing_n be_v it_o follow_v demonstrative_o that_o certainty_n which_o determin_n and_o fix_v our_o understanding_n by_o such_o a_o knowledge_n or_o a_o knowledge_n so_o ground_v must_v be_v likewise_o infallible_a last_o to_o omit_v many_o other_o conclusive_a proof_n if_o infallibility_n and_o certainty_n be_v not_o the_o same_o notion_n than_o they_o be_v different_a notion_n that_o be_v infallible_a be_v one_o of_o the_o difference_n of_o certainty_n distinguish_v it_o from_o other_o sort_n or_o species_n of_o certainty_n wherefore_o there_o must_v in_o that_o supposition_n be_v another_o species_n of_o certainty_n which_o be_v not_o infallible_a that_o be_v since_o what_o be_v not_o infallible_a must_v be_v fallible_a there_o must_v be_v another_o species_n of_o certainty_n which_o be_v fallible_a certainty_n but_o this_o be_v against_o the_o common_a sense_n and_o language_n of_o mankind_n nor_o can_v there_o be_v great_a nonsense_n than_o to_o say_v i_o be_o fallible_o certain_a of_o such_o a_o thing_n nor_o though_o there_o can_v not_o want_v occasion_n to_o use_v such_o word_n be_v it_o ever_o hear_v or_o read_v since_o the_o creation_n that_o any_o man_n do_v ever_o join_v these_o two_o word_n fallible_o and_o certain_a together_o in_o their_o discourse_n and_o write_n therefore_o infallible_a be_v not_o a_o difference_n of_o certainty_n as_o its_o genus_fw-la or_o which_o the_o same_o a_o notion_n different_n from_o it_o whence_o it_o be_v logical_o demonstrate_v that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o notion_n with_o it_o or_o that_o certainty_n and_o infallibility_n be_v all_o one_o quaere_fw-la why_o be_v infallible_a then_o add_v to_o certainty_n if_o it_o have_v no_o different_a signification_n from_o it_o or_o do_v not_o add_v some_o degree_n of_o certainty_n to_o it_o or_o why_o do_v mankind_n use_v such_o a_o needless_a tautology_n it_o be_v answer_v we_o may_v observe_v that_o though_o to_o say_v i_o be_o infallible_o certain_a of_o such_o a_o thing_n suit_n very_o well_o with_o the_o notion_n and_o the_o sense_n and_o language_n of_o mankind_n yet_o man_n never_o use_v it_o but_o when_o some_o circumstance_n require_v it_o to_o put_v other_o out_o of_o all_o possible_a doubt_n of_o the_o thing_n in_o question_n and_o then_o nature_n put_v they_o upon_o redouble_v as_o it_o be_v their_o word_n or_o expression_n to_o assure_v they_o of_o their_o certainty_n of_o that_o thing_n thus_o in_o such_o case_n they_o use_v to_o say_v i_o know_v it_o i_o tell_v you_o once_o again_o i_o know_v it_o to_o be_v so_o or_o they_o think_v it_o not_o enough_o to_o say_v bare_o i_o see_v it_o or_o i_o hear_v it_o but_o they_o express_v themselves_o thus_o i_o see_v it_o with_o my_o own_o eye_n or_o i_o hear_v it_o with_o my_o own_o ear_n which_o be_v it_o not_o on_o such_o a_o occasion_n will_v seem_v foolish_a and_o tautological_a since_o no_o man_n can_v see_v but_o with_o his_o own_o eye_n nor_o hear_v but_o with_o his_o own_o ear_n or_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o some_o man_n use_v in_o such_o occasion_n to_o join_v infallible_a to_o certainty_n to_o signify_v true_a certainty_n and_o to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o that_o mock-certainty_n call_v moral_a which_o must_v be_v a_o fallible_a certainty_n if_o it_o be_v any_o certainty_n at_o all_o that_o be_v a_o uncertain_a certainty_n whence_o since_o mankind_n never_o use_v such_o a_o phrase_n as_o fallible_o certain_a though_o they_o may_v have_v have_v many_o occasion_n to_o do_v so_o have_v it_o not_o be_v chimerical_a and_o nonsense_n and_o against_o their_o natural_a notion_n of_o certainty_n we_o may_v hence_o far_o demonstrate_v in_o confirmation_n of_o our_o 19_o sect._n that_o moral_a certainty_n be_v if_o any_o a_o fallible_a certainty_n be_v no_o kind_n of_o certainty_n at_o all_o and_o that_o it_o be_v as_o great_a nonsense_n to_o say_v moral_o certain_a meaning_n by_o those_o word_n such_o a_o certainty_n as_o we_o may_v be_v deceive_v in_o as_o to_o say_v fallible_o certain_a and_o it_o will_v be_v as_o much_o abhor_v by_o mankind_n be_v not_o the_o phrase_n cloak_v and_o the_o sense_n of_o it_o cloud_v by_o the_o unintelligible_a notion_n of_o the_o word_n moral_a which_o as_o they_o use_v it_o have_v no_o determinate_a bound_n and_o so_o it_o can_v be_v define_v nor_o consequent_o distinct_o understand_v nor_o as_o far_o as_o i_o have_v observe_v do_v we_o read_v such_o a_o expression_n in_o the_o ancient_a latin_a author_n either_o heathen_n or_o christian_n but_o the_o word_n verisimilitude_n or_o likelihood_n only_o which_o be_v not_o so_o apt_a to_o impose_v upon_o learner_n or_o reader_n till_o some_o late_a speculater_n be_v most_o of_o they_o sceptical_a and_o blunder_a between_o certainty_n and_o uncertainty_n invent_v this_o odd_a mixture_n call_v moral_a certainty_n which_o shall_v be_v partly_o the_o one_o partly_o the_o other_o to_o which_o they_o be_v force_v by_o their_o bad_a speculation_n and_o the_o care_n of_o their_o credit_n for_o it_o be_v high_o opprobrious_a to_o say_v they_o have_v no_o certainty_n at_o all_o in_o their_o write_n and_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o such_o superficial_a discourser_n to_o show_v any_o thing_n true_o certain_a because_o they_o dare_v not_o undertake_v to_o demonstrate_v any_o thing_n and_o therefore_o to_o uphold_v their_o repute_n on_o some_o fashion_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o advance_v this_o ambidextrous_a notion_n of_o moral_a certainty_n which_o may_v be_v either_o certain_a or_o uncertain_a as_o occasion_v serve_v whereas_o as_o have_v be_v show_v above_o they_o may_v with_o full_a as_o much_o reason_n have_v invent_v a_o compound_v of_o be_v and_o be_v not_o which_o will_v have_v do_v a_o great_a kindness_n to_o scepticism_n and_o have_v be_v a_o most_o excellent_a ground_n to_o verify_v contradiction_n nor_o be_v this_o speak_v in_o the_o air_n diverse_a of_o they_o have_v make_v many_o great_a step_n towards_o this_o heroic_a exploit_n to_o unman_n mankind_n by_o their_o put_a vacuum_n imaginary_a space_n subsistent_a dimension_n negative_a entity_n and_o such_o chimera_n to_o have_v a_o be_v though_o either_o direct_o or_o by_o consequence_n they_o have_v be_v manifest_v to_o be_v pure_a nothing_o and_o as_o they_o deal_v with_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la by_o confound_v it_o with_o non_fw-fr entity_n so_o they_o labour_v hard_a to_o do_v the_o same_o with_o the_o notion_n of_o existence_n too_o as_o be_v see_v above_o for_o they_o be_v utter_o destroy_v the_o notion_n of_o be_v and_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n what_o be_v be_v while_o all_o their_o sceptical_a discourse_n will_v have_v those_o best_a perfection_n of_o our_o understanding_n i_o mean_v certainty_n that_o be_v immediate_o ground_v on_o and_o correspond_v to_o the_o be_v of_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v possible_a not_o to_o be_v as_o the_o thing_n be_v or_o possible_a to_o be_v false_a which_o they_o must_v be_v if_o the_o notion_n of_o certainty_n may_v be_v compound_v with_o moral_a 21._o no_o testimony_n that_o be_v fallible_a in_o what_o it_o atte_v can_v prove_v the_o thing_n attest_v by_o it_o to_o be_v true_a for_o since_o knowledge_n in_o the_o attester_n be_v necessary_a to_o ground_v all_o attestation_n and_o give_v it_o any_o weight_n and_o a_o testimony_n that_o be_v fallible_a in_o what_o it_o atte_v may_v be_v deceive_v in_o what_o it_o atte_v it_o can_v be_v say_v to_o know_v that_o thing_n it_o atte_v because_o all_o knowledge_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o understanding_n be_v formal_o that_o be_v infallible_o as_o the_o thing_n be_v whence_o follow_v that_o how_o firm_o soever_o such_o attester_n may_v deem_v or_o opine_n that_o the_o thing_n be_v high_o likely_a to_o be_v true_a yet_o they_o can_v be_v say_v to_o know_v real_o and_o indeed_o that_o the_o thing_n be_v true_a whence_o it_o be_v conclude_v that_o such_o attester_n can_v never_o prove_v the_o truth_n of_o that_o thing_n truth_n fundamental_o consider_v consist_v in_o a_o indivisible_a as_o be_v the_o existence_n of_o the_o thing_n know_v and_o formal_a truth_n or_o truth_n in_o we_o be_v the_o conformity_n of_o our_o understanding_n to_o the_o thing_n thus_o exist_v and_o therefore_o consist_v likewise_o in_o a_o indivisible_a which_o set_v it_o above_o all_o gradual_a approach_n of_o likelihood_n or_o probability_n of_o be_v so_o nay_o above_o all_o possibility_n of_o noâ—_n be_v so_o that_o be_v of_o be_v false_a again_o they_o who_o be_v fallible_a in_o the_o thing_n they_o attest_n may_v be_v deceive_v in_o that_o thing_n that_o be_v may_v be_v in_o a_o error_n and_o so_o what_o be_v build_v on_o their_o testimony_n may_v be_v
to_o the_o cause_n to_o expose_v he_o to_o contempt_n by_o baffle_v he_o 8._o to_o reflect_v that_o though_o the_o word_n in_o common_a have_v the_o same_o sense_n yet_o as_o stand_v in_o the_o context_n it_o may_v have_v diverse_a construction_n and_o so_o cause_v that_o fallacy_n we_o call_v amphibology_n 9_o that_o not_o only_o single_a word_n and_o sentence_n may_v be_v ambiguous_a but_o there_o may_v lurk_v a_o equivocation_n even_o in_o the_o connexion_n itself_o as_o when_o the_o middle_a term_n be_v accidental_o join_v to_o one_o extreme_a by_o be_v and_o essential_o to_o another_o thus_o far_o of_o disputation_n when_o the_o defendant_n hold_v a_o false_a tenet_n which_o be_v the_o only_a method_n a_o honest_a man_n who_o sole_a end_n be_v to_o evince_v truth_n and_o beat_v down_o error_n aught_o to_o take_v the_o follow_a way_n be_v more_o become_v vain_a sophister_n who_o aim_n it_o be_v to_o combat_v truth_n on_o any_o fashion_n yet_o it_o be_v fit_a that_o honest_a man_n shall_v know_v they_o that_o they_o may_v know_v how_o to_o avoid_v the_o ambush_n and_o snare_n of_o truth_n be_v enemy_n 5._o the_o second_o case_n than_o be_v when_o the_o defendant_n hold_v a_o true_a point_n v_o g._n that_o there_o be_v angel_n and_o yet_o hold_v a_o false_a one_o inconsistent_a with_o it_o v_o g._n that_o that_o which_o be_v no_o where_o or_o in_o no_o place_n be_v not_o the_o disputant_n if_o crafty_a may_v make_v use_n of_o this_o false_a thesis_n to_o overthrow_v the_o true_a one_o thus_o nothing_o that_o be_v in_o no_o where_o or_o in_o no_o place_n be_v but_o all_o angel_n be_v no_o where_o therefore_o no_o angel_n be_v 6._o the_o three_o case_n be_v when_o the_o defendant_n do_v not_o hold_v a_o inconsistent_a thesis_n yet_o he_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o antecedent_n and_o consequent_n of_o his_o tenet_n in_o which_o case_n if_o the_o defendant_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o deny_v some_o truth_n necessary_o connect_v with_o his_o thesis_n he_o will_v be_v force_v to_o deny_v the_o thesis_n itself_o as_o put_v case_n the_o defendant_n hold_v that_o god_n our_o creator_n be_v infinite_o perfect_a in_o himself_o yet_o through_o want_n of_o logic_n be_v ignorant_a that_o god_n have_v no_o real_a relation_n to_o creature_n and_o therefore_o that_o the_o word_n creator_n apply_v to_o he_o be_v mere_o a_o extrinsecal_n denomination_n and_o no_o way_n intrinsical_o perfect_v he_o or_o affect_v he_o such_o a_o man_n may_v be_v in_o danger_n of_o forego_v his_o christian_a tenet_n by_o this_o argument_n fe-nothing_a that_o depend_v on_o another_o for_o some_o perfection_n be_v infinite_o perfect_a in_o itself_o but_o ri-god_n depend_v on_o creature_n for_o his_o be_v a_o creator_n which_o be_v some_o perfection_n in_o he_o therefore_o a-god_n be_v not_o infinite_o perfect_a in_o himself_o 7._o the_o four_o be_v when_o the_o defendant_n understand_v only_o his_o own_o thesis_n and_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n ignorant_a of_o all_o other_o for_o example_n let_v we_o suppose_v that_o some_o defendant_n by_o the_o language_n of_o christianity_n with_o which_o he_o be_v imbue_v or_o by_o some_o solid_a discourse_n he_o have_v accident_o hear_v and_o though_o not_o learned_a yet_o have_v a_o good_a mother-wit_n be_v make_v well_o understand_v do_v hold_v that_o god_n be_v unchangeable_a but_o yet_o be_v not_o use_v to_o dispute_n or_o speculative_a reflection_n he_o be_v little_o verse_v in_o other_o point_n as_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o christian_a language_n in_o spiritual_a point_n of_o which_o consequent_o we_o have_v no_o natural_a notion_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o aware_a that_o all_o our_o word_n we_o use_v when_o we_o speak_v of_o they_o be_v equivocal_a and_o improper_a and_o especial_o when_o we_o speak_v of_o god_n high_o metaphorical_a such_o a_o man_n no_o better_o qualify_v may_v be_v stumble_v and_o perhaps_o make_v forego_v that_o evident_a and_o true_a tenet_n by_o a_o contentious_a allege_v thing_n very_o foreign_a which_o he_o not_o skilful_a in_o and_o then_o back_v they_o with_o authority_n on_o this_o manner_n what_o be_v not_o god_n please_v when_o we_o do_v well_o and_o when_o we_o sin_n become_v displease_v that_o be_v change_v from_o be_v please_v to_o be_v angry_a and_o when_o we_o repent_v be_v he_o not_o please_v again_o will_n or_o dare_v you_o deny_v that_o which_o scripture_n father_n catechism_n prayer-book_n and_o sermon_n do_v so_o often_o inculcate_v and_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o good_a christian_n do_v unanimous_o and_o constant_o avow_v why_o be_v we_o afraid_a of_o sin_v but_o for_o fear_n of_o lose_v god_n favour_n and_o of_o a_o friend_n make_v he_o become_v our_o enemy_n will_v any_o but_o a_o heretic_n deny_v this_o again_o be_v not_o god_n omnipotent_a can_v he_o do_v all_o thing_n it_o be_v a_o article_n of_o our_o creed_n he_o both_o be_v and_o can_v since_o then_o to_o change_v himself_o be_v to_o do_v something_o will_v you_o stint_v god_n omnipotence_n and_o say_v there_o be_v something_o he_o can_v do_v such_o insult_a talk_n as_o this_o though_o there_o be_v never_o a_o wise_a word_n in_o it_o work_v upon_o the_o weakness_n of_o half-witted_a people_n may_v hap_v to_o make_v they_o forego_v their_o true_a tenet_n and_o even_o fright_v they_o to_o renounce_v their_o faith_n out_o of_o fear_n of_o renounce_v it_o corol._n i._o these_o three_o last_o case_n inform_v we_o how_o dangerous_a it_o be_v that_o any_o man_n be_v allow_v to_o be_v truth_n be_v champion_n and_o to_o undertake_v her_o cause_n unless_o he_o be_v thoroughpaced_a in_o logic_n and_o such_o other_o knowledge_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o defend_v she_o lest_o truth_n itself_o suffer_v for_o the_o confident_a weakness_n of_o the_o unable_a undertaker_n corol._n ii_o this_o last_o case_n belong_v to_o such_o disputant_n who_o to_o maintain_v absurd_a and_o impossible_a thing_n do_v use_n to_o argue_v from_o divine_a omnipotence_n by_o allege_v and_o magnify_v which_o they_o hope_v to_o fright_v the_o piety_n of_o a_o well-meaning_a but_o weak_a defendant_n to_o admit_v any_o thing_n though_o never_o so_o senseless_a or_o ridiculous_a the_o way_n to_o answer_v these_o man_n be_v to_o show_v the_o effect_n to_o be_v contrary_a to_o our_o natural_a notion_n and_o consequent_o to_o the_o wise_a conduct_n of_o the_o world_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o those_o notion_n and_o therefore_o what_o god_n can_v do_v or_o can_v do_v be_v nothing_o to_o the_o purpose_n unless_o the_o thing_n in_o question_n be_v agreeable_a to_o his_o wisdom_n and_o goodness_n which_o determine_v his_o power_n to_o act_v and_o without_o which_o it_o can_v be_v that_o he_o shall_v act_v whence_o it_o be_v general_o more_o safe_a more_o edify_v and_o more_o proper_a to_o say_v in_o such_o case_n that_o it_o can_v be_v that_o god_n shall_v will_v to_o do_v such_o a_o thing_n than_o blunt_o to_o say_v god_n can_v do_v it_o for_o this_o flat_o limit_n omnipotency_n that_o only_o restrain_v its_o exert_n itself_o hic_fw-la &_o nunc_fw-la because_o of_o some_o attribute_n of_o the_o divine_a nature_n to_o which_o it_o be_v disagreeable_a i_o say_v generally_n for_o oft_o time_n such_o discourse_n will_v hauâ—_n god_n power_n to_o do_v perfect_a contradiction_n that_o be_v to_o undo_v the_o nature_n of_o thing_n establish_v by_o himself_o which_o be_v not_o to_o do_v as_o in_o the_o instance_n of_o his_o change_a himself_o which_o be_v the_o same_o in_o effect_n as_o not_o be_v himself_o or_o when_o they_o say_v god_n have_v a_o power_n to_o annihilate_v for_o since_o power_n be_v specify_v by_o their_o object_n and_o nonens_a which_o can_v do_v nothing_o in_o any_o kind_n nor_o consequent_o specify_v a_o power_n be_v the_o object_n of_o annihilation_n a_o power_n to_o annihilate_v be_v to_o be_v no_o power_n and_o it_o be_v as_o ill_a to_o say_v god_n can_v suspend_v his_o action_n of_o conserve_n for_o this_o take_v away_o from_o god_n his_o goodness_n or_o the_o redundancy_n exuberancy_n or_o communicativeness_n of_o be_v which_o be_v essential_a to_o he_o and_o be_v the_o sole_a cause_n of_o the_o creation_n thus_o far_o of_o disputation_n itself_o or_o true_a syllogism_n the_o fault_n of_o it_o come_v next_o to_o be_v consider_v which_o be_v call_v fallacy_n or_o paralogism_n 8._o fallacy_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n those_o which_o arise_v out_o of_o word_n which_o happen_v when_o the_o ambiguity_n of_o some_o single_a word_n or_o of_o some_o word_n put_v together_o do_v lead_v we_o into_o a_o mistake_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o those_o which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o word_n but_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o thing_n or_o the_o sense_n and_o thence_o make_v we_o mistake_v the_o thing_n and_o the_o word_n too_o 9_o those_o of_o the_o former_a sort_n be_v almost_o all_o little_a
now_o may_v walk_v hereafter_o a_o example_n of_o the_o late_a may_v be_v this_o two_o and_o three_o be_v even_o and_o odd._n five_o be_v two_o and_o three_o therefore_o five_o be_v even_o and_o odd._n where_o the_o major_n be_v false_a unless_o two_o and_o three_o be_v take_v divisive_o whereas_o in_o the_o minor_a they_o be_v take_v conjoint_o or_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o five_o be_v 6._o not_o two_o and_o three_o formal_o but_o only_o material_o in_o which_o sense_n aristotle_n say_v that_o bis_n tria_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la sex_n 16._o the_o seven_o fallacy_n be_v when_o the_o opponent_n argue_v à _fw-la dicto_fw-la secundum_fw-la quid_fw-la ad_fw-la dictum_fw-la simpliciter_fw-la which_o kind_n of_o fallacy_n be_v the_o erroneous_a principle_n that_o beget_v the_o vice_n of_o pride_n and_o therefore_o be_v peculiar_a to_o all_o proud_a people_n for_o the_o sin_n of_o pride_n do_v not_o consist_v in_o know_v what_o endowment_n any_o one_o true_o have_v or_o esteem_v himself_o as_o have_v such_o endowment_n for_o this_o be_v a_o truth_n and_o do_v he_o not_o know_v it_o and_o what_o degree_n of_o perfection_n it_o add_v to_o he_o he_o will_v neither_o strive_v to_o perfect_v himself_o nor_o know_v how_o much_o he_o be_v particular_o bind_v to_o love_n and_o thank_v god_n who_o bestow_v on_o he_o those_o accomplishment_n or_o advantage_n above_o other_o but_o pride_n as_o all_o other_o vice_n have_v have_v a_o lie_n for_o its_o principle_n and_o consist_v in_o this_o that_o a_o proud_a person_n over_o value_v himself_o and_o prefer_v himself_o absolute_o before_o all_o other_o that_o be_v conclude_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o very_o best_a or_o better_o than_o other_o and_o to_o deserve_v more_o esteem_n than_o they_o because_o he_o be_v good_a or_o estimable_a secundum_fw-la quid_fw-la or_o in_o some_o particular_a which_o be_v far_o short_a of_o render_v he_o so_o high_o estimable_a thus_o some_o self-conceited_a lady_n esteem_v or_o conclude_v herself_o to_o be_v the_o best_a woman_n in_o all_o the_o country_n because_o she_o have_v a_o new-fashioned_a gown_n or_o be_v fine_a handsome_a or_o rich_a than_o other_o thus_o a_o king_n or_o lord_n prefer_v himself_o absolute_o before_o all_o other_o because_o he_o have_v more_o power_n or_o can_v reckon_v up_o more_o title_n than_o other_o can_v thus_o a_o great_a scholar_n who_o be_v proud_a value_v himself_o absolute_o to_o be_v better_o than_o those_o who_o be_v unlearned_a whereas_o a_o poor_a ignorant_a ragged_a beggar_n who_o have_v more_o virtue_n or_o love_n of_o god_n in_o he_o have_v more_o intrinsic_a worth_n in_o he_o and_o be_v absolute_o speak_v more_o valuable_a than_o any_o or_o all_o of_o they_o notwithstanding_o their_o gayness_n beauty_n riches_n knowledge_n honour_n and_o power_n all_o the_o rest_n be_v but_o only_o good_a secundum_fw-la quid_fw-la and_o he_o be_v for_o his_o sanctity_n good_a and_o valuable_a simpliciter_fw-la 17._o thus_o much_o concern_v those_o fallacy_n that_o be_v worth_a note_n if_o indeed_o any_o of_o they_o do_v much_o deserve_v it_o for_o i_o can_v discern_v but_o that_o if_o the_o rule_n for_o distinguish_v our_o notion_n of_o predicate_v one_o of_o they_o of_o another_o and_o last_o the_o right_a method_n of_o argue_v both_o as_o to_o the_o matter_n and_o form_n of_o syllogism_n be_v observe_v exact_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o they_o that_o can_v require_v the_o treat_v of_o they_o so_o elaborate_o or_o make_v such_o a_o pother_n about_o they_o as_o author_n do_v the_o agree_v with_o our_o adversary_n about_o the_o mean_v of_o the_o word_n in_o which_o the_o question_n be_v conceive_v forestall_v those_o fallacy_n of_o ignoratio_fw-la elenchi_fw-la and_o that_o of_o beg_v the_o question_n last_o the_o doctrine_n give_v above_o how_o to_o detect_v the_o equivocation_n of_o single_a word_n will_v prevent_v any_o advantage_n that_o can_v be_v take_v from_o the_o ambiguity_n of_o the_o term_n and_o the_o rule_n of_o predicate_v by_o show_v how_o a_o word_n that_o be_v univocal_a take_v single_a may_v become_v equivocal_a by_o be_v join_v to_o different_a subject_n will_v defeat_v all_o stratagem_n that_o lurk_v secret_o in_o such_o proposition_n 15._o as_o be_v see_v in_o the_o first_o fallacy_n §_o 9_o the_o doctrine_n of_o use_v only_o such_o middle_a term_n as_o be_v either_o essential_a or_o proper_a cause_n and_o effect_n render_v ineffectual_a the_o fallacy_n ex_fw-la accidenti_fw-la as_o also_o those_o of_o non_fw-la causa_fw-la pro_fw-la causâ_fw-la and_o à _fw-la dicto_fw-la secundum_fw-la quid_fw-la ad_fw-la dictum_fw-la simpliciter_fw-la the_o common_a doctrine_n concern_v division_n viz._n that_o its_o member_n be_v adequate_a to_o the_o notion_n divide_v make_v void_a and_o insignificant_a that_o fallacy_n call_v mala_fw-la enumeratio_fw-la partium_fw-la in_o a_o word_n let_v but_o the_o rule_v give_v here_o be_v wary_o observe_v and_o it_o will_v scarce_o be_v possible_a the_o defender_n of_o truth_n shall_v be_v circumvent_v by_o any_o fallacious_a manner_n of_o argue_v but_o it_o will_v either_o be_v see_v that_o the_o term_n be_v ambiguous_a or_o which_o general_o happen_v it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o the_o syllogism_n have_v four_o term_n and_o so_o be_v no_o legitimate_a syllogism_n the_o subtle_a of_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o first_o for_o the_o single_a word_n animal_n seem_v to_o be_v take_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n both_o in_o the_o major_n and_o minor_a and_o have_v the_o same_o definition_n in_o both_o place_n and_o yet_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o different_a subject_n it_o be_v not_o predicate_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n but_o according_a to_o different_a part_n of_o its_o entire_a notion_n or_o signification_n whence_o the_o syllogism_n have_v four_o term_n in_o sense_n that_o be_v in_o reality_n or_o in_o our_o mind_n where_o syllogism_n be_v only_o proper_o and_o formal_o however_o the_o word_n animal_n be_v the_o same_o material_o 18._o the_o syllogism_n which_o be_v imply_v in_o every_o practical_a judgement_n of_o a_o sinner_n have_v four_o term_n or_o else_o one_o of_o the_o premise_n which_o he_o grant_v to_o himself_o be_v false_a and_o therefore_o both_o it_o and_o the_o action_n that_o proceed_v from_o it_o be_v a_o deviation_n from_o right_a reason_n and_o a_o perversion_n of_o human_a nature_n v_o g._n justice_n be_v to_o be_v do_v that_o satisfaction_n be_v take_v of_o my_o enemy_n who_o injure_v i_o be_v justice_n therefore_o that_o satisfaction_n be_v to_o be_v take_v by_o myself_o of_o my_o enemy_n be_v to_o be_v do_v or_o i_o may_v revenge_v myself_o where_o the_o major_n be_v true_a so_o be_v the_o minor_a but_o when_o the_o injure_a person_n come_v to_o conclude_v instead_o of_o the_o true_a conclusion_n therefore_o that_o satisfaction_n be_v take_v of_o he_o that_o injure_v i_o be_v to_o be_v do_v which_o abstract_n from_o who_o be_v to_o take_v that_o satisfaction_n or_o revenge_n whether_o himself_o or_o the_o magistrate_n who_o be_v the_o overseer_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o proper_a revenger_n of_o injury_n his_o passion_n and_o not_o right_a reason_n cog_v in_o a_o four_o term_n not_o find_v in_o the_o premise_n viz._n satisfaction_n be_v to_o be_v take_v by_o myself_o and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o practical_a judgement_n of_o any_o other_o sinner_n whether_o their_o sin_n be_v theft_n incontinency_n rebellion_n etc._n etc._n corol._n iii_o hence_o all_o right_n reason_v which_o cause_v science_n and_o truth_n be_v also_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n the_o parent_n of_o virtue_n and_o can_v dictate_v nothing_o but_o what_o tend_v to_o true_a morality_n as_o on_o the_o contrary_a all_o false_a reason_v do_v natural_o and_o necessary_o beget_v error_n and_o by_o mean_n of_o error_n lead_v to_o vice_n appendix_n the_o grand_a controversy_n concern_v formal_a mutation_n decide_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o peripatetic_a school_n common_a 1._o the_o main_n hinge_v on_o which_o the_o great_a contest_v between_o the_o peripatetic_n and_o antiperipatetick_n turn_v be_v whether_o or_o no_o there_o be_v that_o composition_n and_o division_n in_o natural_a body_n call_v formal_a and_o consequent_o formal_a mutation_n the_o corpuscularian_a philosopher_n and_o atomist_n deny_v there_o be_v any_o mutation_n in_o the_o thing_n itself_o either_o in_o the_o whole_a or_o any_o part_n of_o it_o and_o they_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v only_o a_o extrinsecal_n application_n of_o particle_n figure_v move_v and_o place_v in_o various_a manner_n and_o consequent_o that_o the_o whole_a contexture_n of_o natural_a body_n be_v a_o mere_a mechanism_n on_o the_o contrary_a the_o peripatetic_n by_o which_o word_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v the_o common_a schoolman_n but_o those_o who_o take_v pain_n to_o understand_v aristotle_n either_o by_o his_o own_o book_n or_o by_o his_o first_o interpreter_n do_v grant_v some_o kind_n of_o particle_n and_o minima_fw-la
physics_n to_o give_v we_o a_o piece_n of_o mere_a mathematics_n for_o bare_a extension_n fit_v it_o for_o no_o other_o science_n nor_o be_v we_o mistake_v in_o think_v so_o for_o he_o tell_v we_o express_o 24._o that_o natural_a philosophy_n be_v one_o part_n of_o the_o mathematics_n though_o the_o abstraction_n which_o in_o the_o place_n now_o mention_v he_o assign_v to_o quantity_n as_o a_o genus_fw-la be_v very_o odd_a and_o illogical_a for_o the_o abstraction_n of_o quantity_n from_o the_o thing_n or_o from_o motion_n be_v a_o abstraction_n of_o the_o accident_n from_o the_o subject_a or_o from_o another_o accident_n and_o therefore_o be_v quite_o another_o kind_n of_o abstraction_n than_o that_o of_o the_o genus_fw-la from_o the_o species_n and_o it_o look_v as_o if_o they_o hankered_a after_o plato_n explode_a conceit_n of_o a_o subsistent_a universal_a and_o that_o they_o will_v have_v their_o first_o matter_n contrary_a to_o all_o logic_n and_o good_a sense_n to_o be_v a_o body_n in_o common_a and_o therefore_o the_o genus_fw-la to_o all_o particular_a body_n nor_o can_v any_o thing_n sound_v more_o awkward_o then_o to_o make_v a_o mathematical_a treatise_n of_o physics_n but_o cartesius_n be_v a_o great_a master_n of_o mathematics_n than_o he_o be_v of_o physics_n and_o therefore_o have_v a_o vast_a design_n to_o reduce_v all_o nature_n and_o all_o philosophy_n within_o the_o purlew_n of_o his_o own_o art_n in_o which_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v he_o be_v very_o excellent_a 39_o but_o to_o lay_v yet_o a_o great_a force_n upon_o their_o backwardness_n to_o admit_v a_o formal_a change_n in_o body_n we_o come_v now_o to_o more_o palpable_a and_o plain_a instance_n not_o fetch_v from_o metaphysic_n but_o from_o obvious_a effect_n in_o nature_n which_o every_o man_n see_v and_o themselves_o can_v but_o acknowledge_v let_v we_o then_o take_v into_o our_o consideration_n a_o young_a lately-planted_n oak_n grow_v in_o a_o nursery_n which_o in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o hundred_o year_n spread_v itself_o into_o a_o vast_a tree_n dilate_v its_o large_a and_o massy_a branch_n on_o all_o side_n and_o over-shadowing_a a_o spacious_a extent_n of_o ground_n can_v any_o man_n deny_v but_o that_o this_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n or_o the_o same_o tree_n it_o be_v at_o first_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v most_o evident_o not_o the_o same_o in_o quantity_n it_o be_v now_o a_o thousand_o time_n great_a than_o it_o be_v former_o it_o be_v manifest_a then_o that_o here_o be_v a_o real_a divisibility_n between_o its_o quantity_n and_o its_o entity_n or_o substance_n and_o a_o real_a mutation_n according_a to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o quantity_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la or_o thing_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o a_o infant_n grow_v up_o to_o be_v a_o man_n which_o when_o it_o be_v now_o bigger_n in_o quantity_n shall_v they_o deny_v to_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n or_o the_o same_o man_n it_o will_v make_v mad_a work_n in_o the_o world_n by_o take_v away_o title_n of_o inheritance_n and_o alter_v the_o right_n of_o succession_n the_o infant_n may_v perhaps_o retain_v his_o title_n for_o some_o very_a small_a time_n but_o the_o identity_n of_o it_o be_v lose_v by_o the_o accrue_n of_o new_a matter_n and_o new_a quantity_n he_o have_v forfeit_v his_o estate_n ever_o he_o come_v at_o age_n to_o understand_v or_o manage_v it_o by_o lose_v his_o essenee_n 41._o i_o know_v that_o our_o late_a philosopher_n will_v hope_v to_o evade_v this_o last_o instance_n by_o allege_v that_o the_o numerical_a identity_n of_o a_o man_n spring_v from_o his_o have_v the_o same_o soul_n which_o tenet_n be_v it_o proper_a to_o confute_v it_o here_o will_v prove_v as_o unreasonable_a and_o ill-grounded_a as_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n i_o only_o note_v on_o the_o by_o that_o as_o it_o become_v god_n wisdom_n as_o he_o be_v author_n of_o nature_n to_o carry_v on_o the_o course_n of_o cause_n by_o fit_a disposition_n to_o the_o production_n of_o far_a and_o more_o noble_a effect_n and_o consequent_o to_o suit_n and_o proportion_n what_o supervene_v to_o what_o prae-exists_a and_o the_o embryo_n in_o our_o case_n praeexi_v and_o by_o have_v such_o disposition_n in_o it_o as_o make_v it_o fit_a to_o concur_v on_o its_o part_n to_o work_v rational_o to_o such_o a_o degree_n make_v it_o require_v to_o have_v for_o its_o form_n such_o a_o rational_a soul_n join_v with_o it_o and_o thence_o determine_v the_o author_n of_o nature_n to_o infuse_v it_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o thing_n be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o what_o they_o imagine_v viz._n that_o the_o soul_n be_v to_o be_v adjust_v and_o proportion_v to_o the_o exigency_n of_o the_o bodily_a part_n and_o that_o therefore_o the_o soul_n be_v determinate_o such_o or_o of_o such_o a_o determinate_a degree_n of_o rationality_n which_o essential_o and_o numerical_o distinguish_v soul_n and_o man_n from_o one_o another_o as_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v infuse_v into_o and_o work_v with_o such_o a_o body_n and_o be_v not_o this_o so_o it_o will_v be_v impossible_a to_o explicate_v how_o original_a sin_n be_v connatural_o transfuse_v from_o adam_n or_o how_o the_o soul_n become_v taint_v by_o be_v unite_v to_o a_o body_n make_v 14.4_o ex_fw-la immundo_fw-la semine_fw-la but_o this_o be_v not_o the_o only_a ill_a consequence_n that_o spring_v from_o this_o extravagant_a tenet_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v be_v a_o distinct_a thing_n from_o the_o body_n or_o that_o man_n be_v in_o reality_n compound_v of_o two_o actual_a thing_n and_o therefore_o not_o to_o be_v place_v in_o any_o one_o line_n of_o the_o predicament_n of_o ens_fw-la or_o substance_n for_o that_o odd_a opinion_n do_v beside_o very_o much_o favour_n at_o least_o very_o well_o consist_v with_o the_o praeexistence_n of_o soul_n because_o if_o the_o soul_n be_v not_o proportion_v to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o corporeal_a part_n of_o man_n and_o so_o be_v true_o the_o form_n of_o it_o but_o a_o kind_n of_o assistant_n spirit_n only_o apt_a to_o join_v with_o it_o and_o promote_v it_o in_o its_o operation_n it_o may_v as_o well_o exist_v before_o the_o body_n as_o after_o it_o whence_o it_o will_v be_v very_o hard_a for_o they_o to_o assign_v any_o solid_a reason_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o such_o a_o spirit_n since_o it_o may_v indifferent_o fit_v other_o body_n or_o assist_v more_o of_o they_o why_o there_o may_v not_o be_v also_o a_o transmigration_n of_o soul_n from_o one_o man_n to_o another_o for_o it_o will_v be_v in_o that_o case_n no_o more_o but_o shift_v their_o office_n and_o assist_v now_o one_o of_o they_o then_o another_o not_o to_o mention_v how_o this_o doctrine_n as_o be_v discourse_v in_o the_o preface_n tend_v to_o introduce_v a_o kind_n of_o fanaticism_n into_o the_o philosophy_n school_n by_o make_v all_o their_o thought_n run_v upon_o nothing_o but_o spiritual_a conceit_n and_o innate_a idea_n and_o have_v a_o spiritual_a communication_n with_o god_n when_o they_o know_v any_o natural_a truth_n after_o a_o unintelligible_a manner_n not_o consider_v that_o man_n in_o this_o mortal_a state_n here_o be_v true_o one_o part_n or_o piece_n of_o nature_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o impression_n of_o natural_a cause_n affect_v he_o both_z as_o to_o his_o corporeal_a and_o spiritual_a capacity_n according_a to_o the_o different_a nature_n of_o those_o different_a recipient_n 41._o but_o to_o return_v whence_o we_o divert_v let_v man_n and_o his_o individuality_n alone_o what_o can_v they_o say_v to_o the_o former_a instance_n of_o a_o young_a oak_n or_o of_o any_o other_o vegetable_a or_o animal_n increase_v to_o its_o full_a growth_n which_o all_o mankind_n agree_v to_o be_v still_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o yet_o not_o the_o same_o in_o quantity_n it_o be_v not_o hence_o unanswerable_o evident_a that_o there_o be_v a_o formal_a mutation_n according_a to_o its_o quantity_n and_o not_o according_a to_o its_o entity_n and_o therefore_o a_o formal_a composition_n and_o divisibility_n in_o it_o according_a to_o those_o two_o respect_n they_o can_v say_v they_o be_v the_o same_o physical_o or_o the_o same_o physical_a compound_v for_o since_o all_o natural_a body_n according_a to_o their_o doctrine_n be_v make_v sole_o of_o their_o first_o matter_n or_o of_o the_o particle_n make_v of_o it_o where_o there_o be_v incomparable_o more_o matter_n there_o must_v be_v a_o new-compound_a or_o a_o new_a body_n in_o regard_n more_o and_o less_o must_v be_v the_o difference_n of_o every_o notion_n in_o the_o same_o line_n as_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v wherefore_o more_o or_o less_o of_o the_o matter_n it_o be_v inform_v and_o so_o true_o a_o ens_fw-la or_o a_o body_n ought_v to_o outweigh_v in_o constitute_v particular_a body_n or_o entity_n all_o consideration_n of_o accidental_a notion_n or_o modification_n of_o